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Leyva-Díaz, J. C., i J. M. Poyatos. "Start-up of membrane bioreactor and hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor–membrane bioreactor: kinetic study". Water Science and Technology 72, nr 11 (8.08.2015): 1948–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.419.
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A hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor–membrane bioreactor (hybrid MBBR-MBR) system was studied as an alternative solution to conventional activated sludge processes and membrane bioreactors. This paper shows the results obtained from three laboratory-scale wastewater treatment plants working in parallel in the start-up and steady states. The first wastewater treatment plant was a MBR, the second one was a hybrid MBBR-MBR system containing carriers both in anoxic and aerobic zones of the bioreactor (hybrid MBBR-MBRa), and the last one was a hybrid MBBR-MBR system which contained carriers only in the aerobic zone (hybrid MBBR-MBRb). The reactors operated with a hydraulic retention time of 30.40 h. A kinetic study for characterizing heterotrophic biomass was carried out and organic matter and nutrients removals were evaluated. The heterotrophic biomass of the hybrid MBBR-MBRb showed the best kinetic performance in the steady state, with yield coefficient for heterotrophic biomass = 0.30246 mg volatile suspended solids per mg chemical oxygen demand, maximum specific growth rate for heterotrophic biomass = 0.00308 h−1 and half-saturation coefficient for organic matter = 3.54908 mg O2 L−1. The removal of organic matter was supported by the kinetic study of heterotrophic biomass.
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Shin, D. H., W. S. Shin, Y. H. Kim, Myung Ho Han i S. J. Choi. "Application of a combined process of moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) and chemical coagulation for dyeing wastewater treatment". Water Science and Technology 54, nr 9 (1.11.2006): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.863.
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A combined process consisted of a Moving-Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) and chemical coagulation was investigated for textile wastewater treatment. The pilot scale MBBR system is composed of three MBBRs (anaerobic, aerobic-1 and aerobic-2 in series), each reactor was filled with 20% (v/v) of polyurethane-activated carbon (PU-AC) carrier for biological treatment followed by chemical coagulation with FeCl2.In the MBBR process, 85% of COD and 70% of color (influent COD=807.5 mg/L and color=3,400 PtCo unit) were removed using relatively low MLSS concentration and short hydraulic retention time (HRT=44 hr). The biologically treated dyeing wastewater was subjected to chemical coagulation. After coagulation with FeCl2, 95% of COD and 97% of color were removed overall. The combined process of MBBR and chemical coagulation has promising potential for dyeing wastewater treatment.
3
Piculell, Maria, Thomas Welander i Karin Jönsson. "Organic removal activity in biofilm and suspended biomass fractions of MBBR systems". Water Science and Technology 69, nr 1 (25.10.2013): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.552.
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The moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) wastewater treatment process is usually designed based on the assumption that all activity in the process occurs in the biofilm on the MBBR carriers, although there is always some active biomass in the bulk liquid due to biofilm sloughing and, sometimes, free-growing bacteria. In this study the removal of organic matter is evaluated in laboratory-scale MBBR reactors under varying load, hydraulic retention time (HRT), oxygen concentration and volumetric filling degree of carriers in order to determine the heterotrophic activity in the different fractions of the MBBR biomass. The results showed that the heterotrophic conversions in an MBBR can show the same type of diffusion limited dependency on oxygen as nitrification, even for easily degradable substrates such as acetate. The contribution to the removal from the suspended biomass is shown to vary depending on HRT, as the amount of suspended solids changes. The developed method in this report is a useful tool for determining heterotrophic activity in the separate fractions of biomass in MBBRs.
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Melin, E., T. Leiknes, H. Helness, V. Rasmussen i H. Ødegaard. "Effect of organic loading rate on a wastewater treatment process combining moving bed biofilm and membrane reactors". Water Science and Technology 51, nr 6-7 (1.03.2005): 421–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0664.
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The effect of moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) loading rate on membrane fouling rate was studied in two parallel units combining MBBR and membrane reactor. Hollow fiber membranes with molecular weight cut-off of 30 kD were used. The HRTs of the MBBRs varied from 45 min to 4 h and the COD loading rates ranged from 4.1 to 26.6 g COD m−2 d−1. The trans-membrane pressure (TMP) was very sensitive to fluxes for the used membranes and the experiments were carried out at relatively low fluxes (3.3–5.6 l m−2 h−1). Beside the test with the highest flux, there were no consistent differences in fouling rate between the low- and high-rate reactors. Also, the removal efficiencies were quite similar in both systems. The average COD removal efficiencies in the total process were 87% at 3–4 h HRT and 83% at 0.75–1 h HRT. At high loading rates, there was a shift in particle size distribution towards smaller particles in the MBBR effluents. However, 79–81% of the COD was in particles that were separated by membranes, explaining the relatively small differences in the removal efficiencies at different loading rates. The COD fractionation also indicated that the choice of membrane pore size within the range of 30 kD to 0.1 μm has very small effect on the COD removal in the MBBR/membrane process, especially with low-rate MBBRs.
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Kängsepp, P., M. Sjölin, A. G. Mutlu, B. Teil i C. Pellicer-Nàcher. "First full-scale combined MBBR, coagulation, flocculation, Discfilter plant with phosphorus removal in France". Water Practice and Technology 15, nr 1 (23.12.2019): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2019.081.
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Abstract The suspended solids (SS) concentrations in effluent from moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) used for secondary biological treatment can be up to 500 mg/L. Microscreens (Drumfilters or Discfilters) can be used as alternatives to traditional clarification or dissolved air flotation to remove SS and total phosphorus (TP). This study shows how a small-scale municipal WWTP for 5,700 population equivalent (PE) can be upgraded to 12,000 PE by combining MBBR with coagulation-flocculation tanks and a Discfilter with a total footprint of 160 m2. This long-term investigation demonstrated that even though influent turbidity (range 146–431 NTU) and flow (25–125 m3/h) varied considerably, very low effluent turbidities (below 10 NTU) could be achieved continuously. Furthermore, this compact treatment system can provide average reductions of ammonium (NH4-N) from 19 to 0.04 mg/L, COD from 290 to 10 mg/L, and TP from 4.5 to 0.3 mg/L. The results show that effluent requirements can be reached by combining MBBR, coagulation-flocculation and disc filtration at full scale, without a primary clarifier upstream of MBBR.
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Rusten, B., B. G. Hellström, F. Hellström, O. Sehested, E. Skjelfoss i B. Svendsen. "Pilot testing and preliminary design of moving bed biofilm reactors for nitrogen removal at the FREVAR wastewater treatment plant". Water Science and Technology 41, nr 4-5 (1.02.2000): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0419.
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A moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) pilot plant, using Kaldnes type K1 biofilm carriers, was tested for nitrogen removal at the FREVAR wastewater treatment plant. The pilot plant was fed primary treated municipal wastewater, at temperatures from 4.8 to about 20°C. The results showed that a reasonable design nitrification rate will be 190 g TKN/m3d, at 10°C and a reactor pH≥7.0. Pre-denitrification was very dependent on the concentration of readily biodegradable organic matter and the amount of oxygen in the influent to the first anoxic MBBR. It was found that a MBBR process for nitrogen removal at FREVAR will require a total reactor volume corresponding to an empty bed hydraulic retention time of 4–5 hours at average design influent flow. This was based on an influent concentration of 25 mg total N/l, 70% annual average removal of total N and a treatment process consisting of primary treatment, MBBRs with combined pre- and post-denitrification, and followed by coagulation/flocculation and a final solids separation stage.
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Sandip, Magdum, i V. Kalyanraman. "Enhanced simultaneous nitri-denitrification in aerobic moving bed biofilm reactor containing polyurethane foam-based carrier media". Water Science and Technology 79, nr 3 (1.02.2019): 510–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.077.
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Abstract Fluidization of carrier media for biofilm support and growth defines the moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) process. Major MBBR facilities apply virgin polyethylene (PE)-based circular plastic carrier media. Various carriers were studied to replace these conventional carriers, but polyurethane (PU) foam-based carrier media has not been much explored. This study evaluates the potential of PU foam carrier media in aerobic MBBR process for simultaneous nitri-denitrification (SND). Two parallel reactors loaded with conventional PE plastic (circular) and PU foam (cubical) carriers compared for their removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nitrogen contaminants from wastewater. Results indicate that average COD removal in MBBR containing PE plastic carrier media was 81%, compared to 83% in MBBR containing PU foam. Average ammonical and total nitrogen reduction was 71% and 59% for PU foam-based MBBR, compared to 60% and 42% for PE plastic-based MBBR. SND-based nitrogen removal capacity was doubled in aerobic MBBR filled with PU foam carrier media (27%), than MBBR containing PE plastic carrier media (13%). Cost economics also governs the commercial advantage for the application of PU foam-based carrier media in the MBBR process.
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Banti, Dimitra C., Petros Samaras, Eleni Kostopoulou, Vassiliki Tsioni i Themistoklis Sfetsas. "Improvement of MBBR-MBR Performance by the Addition of Commercial and 3D-Printed Biocarriers". Membranes 13, nr 8 (25.07.2023): 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13080690.
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Moving bed biofilm reactor combined with membrane bioreactor (MBBR-MBR) constitute a highly effective wastewater treatment technology. The aim of this research work was to study the effect of commercial K1 biocarriers (MBBR-MBR K1 unit) and 3D-printed biocarriers fabricated from 13X and Halloysite (MBBR-MBR 13X-H unit), on the efficiency and the fouling rate of an MBBR-MBR unit during wastewater treatment. Various physicochemical parameters and trans-membrane pressure were measured. It was observed that in the MBBR-MBR K1 unit, membrane filtration improved reaching total membrane fouling at 43d, while in the MBBR-MBR 13X-H and in the control MBBR-MBR total fouling took place at about 32d. This is attributed to the large production of soluble microbial products (SMP) in the MBBR-MBR 13X-H, which resulted from a large amount of biofilm created in the 13X-H biocarriers. An optimal biodegradation of the organic load was concluded, and nitrification and denitrification processes were improved at the MBBR-MBR K1 and MBBR-MBR 13X-H units. The dry mass produced on the 13X-H biocarriers ranged at 4980–5711 mg, three orders of magnitude larger than that produced on the K1, which ranged at 2.9–4.6 mg. Finally, it was observed that mostly extracellular polymeric substances were produced in the biofilm of K1 biocarriers while in 13X-H mostly SMP.
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Mohd Sidek, Lariyah, Hairun Aishah Mohiyaden, Hidayah Basri, Gasim Hayder Ahmed Salih, Ahmad Hussein Birima, Zuraidah Ali, Ahmad Fauzan Mohd Sabri i Md Nasir Md. Noh. "Experimental Comparison between Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) and Conventional Activated Sludge (CAS) for River Purification Treatment Plant". Advanced Materials Research 1113 (lipiec 2015): 806–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1113.806.
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Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) systems have been proven as an effective technology for water treatment and have been used for Biochemical Oxygen Demand/Chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD/COD-removal), as well as for nitrification and denitrification in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment. Conventional Activated Sludge (CAS), in particular, has been extensively used in wastewater treatment since decades ago. In this study, physical performance results for both MBBR and CAS were compared and evaluated on laboratory scale basis. The study aims to identify the best system performance in terms of constituent removal efficiency for effective management of the river purification plant. A novel parallel MBBR and CAS pilot plant were fabricated and operated to compare the physical performance of MBBR and CAS. Analysis of the performances for MBBR and CAS show, MBBR has higher COD (85%), AN (75%) and TSS (80%) removal rate compared to CAS COD (53%), AN (53%) and TSS (69%). For BOD removal rate, CAS shows 68% removal rate whereas MBBR shows only 65%. Thus CAS has shown slightly higher removal rate than MBBR. In terms of sludge production, MBBR sludge is less than CAS. Overall performance proves that MBBR has better rate of constituent removal efficiency compared to CAS in the laboratory basis study.
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Andreottola, G., P. Foladori, M. Ragazzi i F. Tatàno. "Experimental comparison between MBBR and activated sludge system for the treatment of municipal wastewater". Water Science and Technology 41, nr 4-5 (1.02.2000): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0469.
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The aim of the described experimentation was the comparison of a low cost MBBR and an activated sludge system (AS). The MBBR applied system consists of the FLOCOR-RMP® plastic media with a specific surface area of about 160 m2/m3 (internal surface only). The comparison with activated sludge (AS) was performed by two parallel treatment lines. Organic substance removal and nitrification were investigated over a 1-year period. Comparing the results obtained with the two lines, it can be observed AS totCOD removal efficiencies were higher than MBBR ones; the average efficiencies for totCOD removal were 76% for MBBR and 84% for AS. On the contrary, the solCOD removals resulted alike (71% for both systems). In spite of the remarkable variations of wastewater temperature, mainly in winter (range of 5–21°C), the average ammonium removal efficiency resulted 92% for MBBR and 98% for AS. With an ammonium loads up to 1.0 g m2 d−1 (up to 0.12 kg m−3 d−1), nitrification efficiencies in MBBR were more than 98%. At higher loads decrease in the MBBR efficiency was registered; that is related to the increase in the applied COD load.
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Vendramel, S. M. R., A. Justo, O. González, C. Sans i S. Esplugas. "Reverse osmosis concentrate treatment by chemical oxidation and moving bed biofilm processes". Water Science and Technology 68, nr 11 (25.10.2013): 2421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.510.
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In the present work, four oxidation techniques were investigated (O3, O3/UV, H2O2/O3, O3/H2O2/UV) to pre-treat reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate before treatment in a moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) system. Without previous oxidation, the MBBR was able to remove a small fraction of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) (5–20%) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (2–15%). When the concentrate was previously submitted to oxidation, DOC removal efficiencies in the MBBR increased to 40–55%. All the tested oxidation techniques improved concentrate biodegradability. The concentrate treated by the combined process (oxidation and MBBR) presented residual DOC and COD in the ranges of 6–12 and 25–41 mg L−1, respectively. Nitrification of the RO concentrate, pre-treated by oxidation, was observed in the MBBR. Ammonium removal was comprised between 54 and 79%. The results indicate that the MBBR was effective for the treatment of the RO concentrate, previously submitted to oxidation, generating water with an improved quality.
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Hvala, N., D. Vrečko, O. Burica, M. Strazžar i M. Levstek. "Simulation study supporting wastewater treatment plant upgrading". Water Science and Technology 46, nr 4-5 (1.08.2002): 325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0617.
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The paper presents a study where upgrading of an existing wastewater treatment plant was supported by simulation. The aim of the work was to decide between two technologies to improve nitrogen removal: a conventional activated sludge process (ASP) and a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR). To perform simulations, the mathematical models of both processes were designed. The models were calibrated based on data from ASP and MBBR pilot plants operating in parallel on the existing plant. Only two kinetic parameters needed to be adjusted to represent the real plant behaviour. Steady-state analyses have shown a similar efficiency of both processes in relation to carbon removal, but improved performance of MBBR in relation to nitrogen removal. Better performance of MBBR can be expected especially at low temperatures. Simulations have not confirmed the expected less volume required for the MBBR process. Finally, the MBBR was chosen for plant upgrading. The developed process model will be further used to evaluate the final plant configuration and to optimise the plant operating parameters.
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Choi, H. J., A. H. Lee i S. M. Lee. "Comparison between a moving bed bioreactor and a fixed bed bioreactor for biological phosphate removal and denitrification". Water Science and Technology 65, nr 10 (1.05.2012): 1834–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.847.
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Moving bed bioreactors (MBBR) and fixed bed bioreactors (FBBR) were compared for biological phosphorus removal and denitrification. The sorption denitrification P-elimination (S-DN-P) process was selected for this study. Results indicated that all nutrients were removed by the FBBR process compared with the MBBR process: 19.8% (total COD), 35.5% (filtered COD), 27.6% (BOD5), 62.2% (acetate), 78.5% (PO4-P), and 54.2% (NO3-N) in MBBR; 49.7% (total COD), 54.0% (filtered COD), 63.2% (BOD5), 99.6% (acetate), 98.6% (PO4-P), and 75.9% (NO3-N) in FBBR. The phosphate uptake and NO3-N decomposition in the FBBR process during the denitrification phase were much higher than for the MBBR process despite being of shorter duration. Results obtained from this study are helpful in elucidating the practical implications of using MBBR and FBBR for the removal of bio-P and denitrification from wastewater.
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Freitas, Bruno de Oliveira, Luan de Souza Leite, Maria Teresa Hoffmann, Antonio Wagner Lamon i Luiz Antonio Daniel. "Application of alternative carriers without protected surface in moving bed biofilm reactor for domestic wastewater treatment". Water Practice and Technology 17, nr 2 (11.01.2022): 544–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2022.003.
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Abstract Biological reactors with immobilized biomass on free carriers have provided new perspectives for wastewater treatment, once they reduce the system size and increase the treatment capacity. In this study, the performance of three Moving Bed Biofilm Reactors (MBBRs) using different carriers (with and without protected surface area) were evaluated for domestic wastewater treatment in continuous flow. Each MBBR (i.e., R1, R2, and R3) was filled at a ratio of 50% with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) carriers with different characteristics: both R1-K1 and R2-Corrugated tube with protected surface and R3-HDPE flakes without protected surface. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 80 ± 5.0, 80 ± 3.5, and 78 ± 2.4% was achieved by R1, R2, and R3, respectively. The oxygen uptake by biofilm attached on the carriers was 0.0079 ± 0.0013, 0.0033 ± 0.0015, and 0.0031 ± 0.0026 μg DO·mm−2 for the K1, corrugated tube, and HDPE flakes, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the performance of the three MBBRs in terms of physico-chemical parameters (alkalinity, pH, and dissolved inorganic carbon) and COD removal. Results showed that the carrier type and its characteristics (total area and with/without protected area) did not affect the organic matter removal. Thus, the carrier without a protected surface in MBBR could be a promising low-cost option for domestic wastewater treatment.
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Ren, Baisha, Bradley Young, Fabio Variola i Robert Delatolla. "Protein to polysaccharide ratio in EPS as an indicator of non-optimized operation of tertiary nitrifying MBBR". Water Quality Research Journal 51, nr 4 (14.03.2016): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrjc.2016.040.
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The protein (PN), polysaccharide (PS), and extracellular DNA (eDNA) percent concentrations of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of biofilm samples harvested from a pilot-scale nitrifying moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) were investigated at various operating temperatures and hydraulic retention times (HRTs). Chemically measured EPS PN/PS ratios were shown to correlate to Raman intensity ratios of amide III to carbohydrate at 362 rel. cm−1. The study also demonstrates that tertiary nitrifying MBBR systems may be optimized to operate at HRTs as low as 0.75 to 1.0 h as opposed to conventional HRTs of 2.0 to 6.0 h. The EPS of the nitrifying MBBR biofilm exhibited the lowest percent PN content and the highest percent PSs and eDNA content. In particular, PN/PS ratios lower than 3 were indicative of non-optimal operation of the nitrifying MBBR systems, whereas PN/PS ratios with values significantly below 3 were observed for ammonia underloaded systems at high operating temperatures and hydraulically overloaded systems at low HRTs. This study demonstrates that the PN/PS ratio in EPS is a potential metric to identify non-optimal operation of nitrifying MBBR systems.
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Rusten, Bjørn, Odd Kolkinn i Hallvard Ødegaard. "Moving bed biofilm reactors and chemical precipitation for high efficiency treatment of wastewater from small communities". Water Science and Technology 35, nr 6 (1.03.1997): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0245.
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A new Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) has been developed, where the biomass is attached to small plastic elements that move freely along with the water in the reactors. Several small biological/chemical wastewater treatment plants are now using the MBBR process. Official control samples have shown that these plants are very reliable. The average effluent concentrations from the plants surveyed, three retrofits and two originally designed with the MBBR process, were as low as 11 mg BOD7/l (∼9 mg BOD5/l), 11 mg SS/l and 0.26 mg total P/l. Approximately 2 man hours per week were needed for operation of a plant originally designed with the MBBR process.
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Andreottola, G., P. Foladori i M. Ragazzi. "Upgrading of a small wastewater treatment plant in a cold climate region using a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) system". Water Science and Technology 41, nr 1 (1.01.2000): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0027.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a full-scale upgrading of an existing RBC wastewater treatment plant with a MBBR (Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor) system, installed in a tank previously used for sludge aerobic digestion. The full-scale plant is located in a mountain resort in the North-East of Italy. Due to the fact that the people varied during the year's seasons (2000 resident people and 2000 tourists) the RBC system was insufficient to meet the effluent standards. The MBBR applied system consists of the FLOCOR-RMP®plastic media with a specific surface area of about 160 m2/m3 (internal surface only). Nitrogen and carbon removal from wastewater was investigated over a 1-year period, with two different plant lay-outs: one-stage (only MBBR) and two stage system (MBBR and rotating biological contactors in series). The systems have been operated at low temperature (5–15°C). 50% of the MBBR volume (V=79 m3) was filled. The organic and ammonium loads were in the average 7.9 gCOD m−2 d−1 and 0.9 g NH4−N m−2 d−1. Typical carbon and nitrogen removals in MBBR at temperature lower than 8°C were respectively 73% and 72%.
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Trapani, Daniele Di, Giorgio Mannina, Michele Torregrossa i Gaspare Viviani. "Quantification of kinetic parameters for heterotrophic bacteria via respirometry in a hybrid reactor". Water Science and Technology 61, nr 7 (1.04.2010): 1757–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.970.
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Over the last decade new technologies are emerging even more for wastewater treatment. Among the new technologies, a recent possible solution regards Moving Bed Biofilm Reactors (MBBRs) that represent an effective alternative to conventional processes. More specifically such systems consist in the introduction of plastic elements inside the aerobic reactor as carrier material for the growth of attached biomass. Recently, one of the mostly used alternatives is to couple the Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) process with the conventional activated sludge process, and the resulting process is usually called HMBBR (Hybrid MBBR). In the MBBR process the biofilm grows attached on small plastic elements that are kept in constant motion throughout the entire volume of the reactor. Indeed, in such a system, a competition between the two biomasses, suspended and attached, can arise for the availability of the substrates, leading, as a consequence, to a modification in the biokinetic parameters of the two biomasses, compared to that of a pure suspended or attached biomass process. This paper presents the first results of a study aimed at estimating the kinetic heterotrophic constants in a HMBBR pilot plant using respirometric techniques. The pilot plant was built at the Acqua dei Corsari (Palermo) wastewater treatment plant and consisted of two parallel lines realized in a pre-anoxic scheme, in one of which the carrier material was added to the aerobic reactor with a filling ratio of 30%.
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Widjaya, Revani, Ferry Faizal, Ujang Subhan, Sahrul Hidayat, Wawan Hermawan, I. Made Joni i Camellia Panatarani. "A Coin-Shaped Polypropylene Bio-Carrier Fabricated Using a Filament-Based 3D Printer for Wastewater Treatment". Applied Mechanics and Materials 916 (1.09.2023): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-ojyuu4.
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The utilization of the moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) has been identified as a promising technology for reducing water pollutants. This study focuses on designing a novel bio-carrier using 3D printing technology for use in an MBBR for wastewater treatment. The bio-carrier is made of polypropylene filament with four variations in specific surface area. The study investigates the relationship between the specific surface area and the amount of adhering biofilm on the bio-carrier. Results show that type-4 bio-carrier with a specific surface area of 1438.16 m2/m3 and a pore diameter of 1.8 mm to 4.9 mm has the highest mass of biofilm attachment at 2.598 grams. This research provides insights for designing bio-carriers with suitable pore diameters and specific surface areas for improved MBBR performance in wastewater treatment.
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Ødegaard, Hallvard. "Innovations in wastewater treatment: –the moving bed biofilm process". Water Science and Technology 53, nr 9 (1.04.2006): 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.284.
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This paper describes the moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) and presents applications of wastewater treatment processes in which this reactor is used. The MBBR processes have been extensively used for BOD/COD-removal, as well as for nitrification and denitrification in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment. This paper focuses on the municipal applications. The most frequent process combinations are presented and discussed. Basic design data obtained through research, as well as data from practical operation of various plants, are presented. It is demonstrated that the MBBR may be used in an extremely compact high-rate process (<1 h total HRT) for secondary treatment. Most European plants require P-removal and performance data from plants combining MBBR and chemical precipitation is presented. Likewise, data from plants in Italy and Switzerland that are implementing nitrification in addition to secondary treatment are presented. The results from three Norwegian plants that are using the so-called combined denitrification MBBR process are discussed. Nitrification rates as high as 1.2 g NH4-N/m2 d at complete nitrification were demonstrated in practical operation at low temperatures (11 °C), while denitrification rates were as high as 3.5 g NO3-Nequiv./m2.d. Depending on the extent of pretreatment, the total HRT of the MBBR for N-removal will be in the range of 3 to 5 h.
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Kaindl, Nikolaus. "Upgrading of an activated sludge wastewater treatment plant by adding a moving bed biofilm reactor as pre-treatment and ozonation followed by biofiltration for enhanced COD reduction: design and operation experience". Water Science and Technology 62, nr 11 (1.12.2010): 2710–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.938.
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A paper mill producing 500,000 ton of graphic paper annually has an onsite wastewater treatment plant that treats 7,240,000 m3 of wastewater per year, mechanically first, then biologically and at last by ozonation. Increased paper production capacity led to higher COD load in the mill effluent while production of higher proportions of brighter products gave worse biodegradability. Therefore the biological capacity of the WWTP needed to be increased and extra measures were necessary to enhance the efficiency of COD reduction. The full scale implementation of one MBBR with a volume of 1,230 m3 was accomplished in 2000 followed by another MBBR of 2,475 m3 in 2002. An ozonation step with a capacity of 75 kg O3/h was added in 2004 to meet higher COD reduction demands during the production of brighter products and thus keeping the given outflow limits. Adding a moving bed biofilm reactor prior to the existing activated sludge step gives: (i) cost advantages when increasing biological capacity as higher COD volume loads of MBBRs allow smaller reactors than usual for activated sludge plants; (ii) a relief of strain from the activated sludge step by biological degradation in the MBBR; (iii) equalizing of peaks in the COD load and toxic effects before affecting the activated sludge step; (iv) a stable volume sludge index below 100 ml/g in combination with an optimization of the activated sludge step allows good sludge separation—an important condition for further treatment with ozone. Ozonation and subsequent bio-filtration pre-treated waste water provide: (i) reduction of hard COD unobtainable by conventional treatment; (ii) controllable COD reduction in a very wide range and therefore elimination of COD-peaks; (iii) reduction of treatment costs by combination of ozonation and subsequent bio-filtration; (iv) decrease of the color in the ozonated wastewater. The MBBR step proved very simple to operate as part of the biological treatment. Excellent control of the COD-removal rate in the ozone step allowed for economical usage and therefore acceptable operation costs in relation to the paper production.
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Luo, Xianxin, Junfeng Su, Han Liu, Tinglin Huang, Li Wei, Jiawei Nie, Hanyu Gao i Dongpeng Li. "Performance of an autotrophic denitrification process with mixed electron donors and a functional microbial community". Water Supply 19, nr 2 (7.05.2018): 434–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2018.088.
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Abstract A moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) using Mn(II) and Fe(II) as mixed electron donors was designed for nitrate removal. The optimal state, as determined by response surface methodology, was an Fe(II):Mn(II) molar ratio of 0.62, electron donor:electron acceptor molar ratio of 2.62 and hydraulic retention time of 10.88 h. Subsequently, the MBBR was applied to groundwater treatment and demonstrated a final nitrate-N removal efficiency of 99.5% with a nitrite-N accumulation rate of 0.0706 mg-N·L−1·h−1. Furthermore, high-throughput sequencing was employed to characterize bacterial communities in the MBBR. Results showed that the genera of Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter may make a contribution to the nitrate removal.
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Leyva-Díaz, J. C., A. Rodríguez-Sánchez, J. González-López i J. M. Poyatos. "Effect of salinity variation on the autotrophic kinetics of the start-up of a membrane bioreactor and hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor-membrane bioreactor at low hydraulic retention time". Water Science and Technology 77, nr 3 (20.11.2017): 714–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.585.
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Abstract A membrane bioreactor (MBR) and a hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor-membrane bioreactor (hybrid MBBR-MBR) for municipal wastewater treatment were studied to determine the effect of salinity on nitrogen removal and autotrophic kinetics. The biological systems were analyzed during the start-up phase with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 6 h, total biomass concentration of 2,500 mg L−1 in the steady state, and electric conductivities of 1.05 mS cm−1 for MBR and hybrid MBBR-MBR working under regular salinity and conductivity variations of 1.2–6.5 mS cm−1 for MBR and hybrid MBBR-MBR operating at variable salinity. The variable salinity affected the autotrophic biomass, which caused a reduction of the nitrogen degradation rate, an increase of time to remove ammonium from municipal wastewater and longer duration of the start-up phase for the MBR and hybrid MBBR-MBR.
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Schneider, E. E., A. C. F. P. Cerqueira i M. Dezotti. "MBBR evaluation for oil refinery wastewater treatment, with post-ozonation and BAC, for wastewater reuse". Water Science and Technology 63, nr 1 (1.01.2011): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.024.
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This work evaluated the performance of a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) in the treatment of an oil refinery wastewater. Also, it investigated the possibility of reuse of the MBBR effluent, after ozonation in series with a biological activated carbon (BAC) column. The best performance of the MBBR was achieved with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 6 hours, employing a bed to bioreactor volume ratio (VB/VR) of 0.6. COD and N-NH4+ MBBR effluent concentrations ranged from 40 to 75 mg L−1 (removal efficiency of 69–89%) and 2 to 6 mg L−1 (removal efficiency of 45–86%), respectively. Ozonation carried out for 15 min with an ozone concentration of 5 mg L−1 was able to improve the treated wastewater biodegradability. The treatment performance of the BAC columns was practically the same for ozonated and non ozonated MBBR effluents. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content of the columns of the activated carbon columns (CAG) was in the range of 2.1–3.8 mg L−1, and the corresponding DOC removal efficiencies were comprised between 52 and 75%. The effluent obtained at the end of the proposed treatment presented a quality, which meet the requirements for water reuse in the oil refinery.
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Cui, Yan-Xiang, Di Wu, Hamish R. Mackey, Ho-Kwong Chui i Guang-Hao Chen. "Application of a moving-bed biofilm reactor for sulfur-oxidizing autotrophic denitrification". Water Science and Technology 77, nr 4 (12.12.2017): 1027–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.617.
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Abstract Sulfur-oxidizing autotrophic denitrification (SO-AD) was investigated in a laboratory-scale moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) at a sewage temperature of 22 °C. A synthetic wastewater with nitrate, sulfide and thiosulfate was fed into the MBBR. After 20 days' acclimation, the reduced sulfur compounds were completely oxidized and nitrogen removal efficiency achieved up to 82%. The operation proceeded to examine the denitrification by decreasing hydraulic retention time (HRT) from 12 to 4 h in stages. At steady state, this laboratory-scale SO-AD MBBR achieved the nitrogen removal efficiency of 94% at the volumetric loading rate of 0.18 kg N·(mreactor3·d)−1. The biofilm formation was examined periodically: the attached volatile solids (AVS) gradually increased corresponding to the decrease of HRT and stabilized at about 1,300 mg AVS·Lreactor−1 at steady state. This study demonstrated that without adding external organic carbon, SO-AD can be successfully applied in moving-bed carriers. The application of SO-AD MBBR has shown the potential for sulfur-containing industrial wastewater treatment, brackish wastewater treatment and the upgrading of the activated sludge system. Moreover, the study provides direct design information for the full-scale MBBR application of the sulfur-cycle based SANI process.
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Rudi, Knut, Inger Andrea Goa, Torgeir Saltnes, Gjermund Sørensen, Inga Leena Angell i Sondre Eikås. "Microbial ecological processes in MBBR biofilms for biological phosphorus removal from wastewater". Water Science and Technology 79, nr 8 (15.04.2019): 1467–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.149.
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Abstract Phosphorus is both a major environmental pollutant and a limiting resource. Although enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is used worldwide for phosphorus removal, the standard activated sludge-based EBPR process shows limitations with stability and efficiency. Recently, a new EBPR moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) process has been developed at HIAS (Hamar, Norway), enabling a phosphorus removal stability above 90% during a whole year cycle. To increase the knowledge of the HIAS (MBBR) process the aim of the current work was to characterize the MBBR microbiota and operational performance weekly for the operational year. Surprisingly, we found a major succession of the microbiota, with a five-fold increase in phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs), and major shifts in eukaryote composition, despite a stable phosphorus removal. Temperature was the only factor that significantly affected both phosphorus removal and the microbiota. There was a lower phosphor removal during the winter, coinciding with a higher microbiota alpha diversity, and a lower beta diversity. This differs from what is observed for activated sludge based EBPR. Taken together, the knowledge gained from the current microbiota study supports the efficiency and stability of MBBR-based systems, and that knowledge from activated sludge-based EBPR approaches cannot be translated to MBBR systems.
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Sayyahzadeh, Amir Hossein, Hossein Ganjidoust i Bita Ayati. "MBBR system performance improvement for petroleum hydrocarbon removal using modified media with activated carbon". Water Science and Technology 73, nr 9 (9.02.2016): 2275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.013.
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Moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) system has a successful operation in the treatment of different types of wastewater. Since the media, i.e. the place of growth and formation of biofilm, play the main role in the treatment in this system, MBBR systems were operated in the present research with modified Bee-cell media. Activated carbon granules of almond or walnut shells were placed in media pores to improve the treatment of refinery oil wastewater and their operation with MBBR system was compared with the conventional Bee-cell media. In these experiments, the effects of organic loading rate, hydraulic retention time (HRT), media filling ratio (MFR), and activated carbon concentration (ACC) used in the media were investigated on the operation of MBBR systems. The analysis of results estimated the optimal values of HRT, MFR, and ACC used in the media between the studied levels, being equal to 22 h, 50%, and 7.5 g/L, respectively. Under these conditions, total petroleum hydrocarbons removal efficiencies for MBBR systems using Bee-cell media with carbon of almond, carbon of walnut shells, and a carbon-free system were 95 ± 1.17%, 91 ± 1.11%, and 57 ± 1.7%, respectively, which confirms the adsorption ability of systems with the media containing activated carbon in the removal of petroleum compounds from wastewater.
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Rusten, Bjørn, Jon G. Siljudalen i Bjørnar Nordeidet. "Upgrading to nitrogen removal with the kmt moving bed biofilm process". Water Science and Technology 29, nr 12 (1.12.1994): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0608.
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A new moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) has been developed in Norway. The biomass is attached to carrier elements that move freely along with the water in the reactor. It has been demonstrated that existing, high loaded, activated sludge plants can easily be upgraded to nitrogen removing MBBR plants. With chemically enhanced mechanical treatment, full scale tests showed that 80-90% total nitrogen could be removed in a MBBR plant at a total empty bed hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2.6 hours. The plant was operated in the post-denitrification mode, using methanol as an external carbon source.
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Yang, Xuefei, Víctor López-Grimau, Mercedes Vilaseca i Martí Crespi. "Treatment of Textile Wastewater by CAS, MBR, and MBBR: A Comparative Study from Technical, Economic, and Environmental Perspectives". Water 12, nr 5 (5.05.2020): 1306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12051306.
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In this study, three different biological methods—a conventional activated sludge (CAS) system, membrane bioreactor (MBR), and moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR)—were investigated to treat textile wastewater from a local industry. The results showed that technically, MBR was the most efficient technology, of which the chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), and color removal efficiency were 91%, 99.4%, and 80%, respectively, with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 1.3 days. MBBR, on the other hand, had a similar COD removal performance compared with CAS (82% vs. 83%) with halved HRT (1 day vs. 2 days) and 73% of TSS removed, while CAS had 66%. Economically, MBBR was a more attractive option for an industrial-scale plant since it saved 68.4% of the capital expenditures (CAPEX) and had the same operational expenditures (OPEX) as MBR. The MBBR system also had lower environmental impacts compared with CAS and MBR processes in the life cycle assessment (LCA) study, since it reduced the consumption of electricity and decolorizing agent with respect to CAS. According to the results of economic and LCA analyses, the water treated by the MBBR system was reused to make new dyeings because water reuse in the textile industry, which is a large water consumer, could achieve environmental and economic benefits. The quality of new dyed fabrics was within the acceptable limits of the textile industry.
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Andreottola, G., P. Foladori, M. Ragazzi i R. Villa. "Dairy wastewater treatment in a moving bed biofilm reactor". Water Science and Technology 45, nr 12 (1.06.2002): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0441.
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Dairy raw wastewater is characterised by high concentrations and fluctuations of organic matter and nutrient loads related to the discontinuity in the cheese production cycle and machinery washing. The applicability of a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) filled with FLOCOR-RMP® plastic media to the treatment of dairy wastewater was evaluated in a pilot-plant. COD fractionation of influent wastewater, MBBR performance on COD and nutrient removal were investigated. A removal efficiency of total COD over 80% was obtained with an applied load up to 52.7 gCOD m−2 d−1 (corresponding to 5 kgCOD m−3d−1). The COD removal kinetics for the MBBR system was assessed. The order of the kinetics resulted very close to half-order in the case of a biofilm partially penetrated by the substrate. The nitrogen removal efficiency varied widely between 13.3 and 96.2% due to the bacterial synthesis requirement. The application of a MBBR system to dairy wastewater treatment may be appropriate when upgrading overloaded activated sludge plants or in order to minimise reactor volumes in a pre-treatment.
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Su, Jun Feng, Yi chou Gao, Dong hui Liang, Li Wei, Xue chen Bai i Hai rong Zhu. "Multifunctional sugar-cube-like Fe3O4@Cu/PVA biomaterials for enhanced removal of nitrate and Mn(II) from moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR)". Water Supply 19, nr 6 (28.02.2019): 1643–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2019.038.
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Abstract A novel Fe3O4@Cu/PVA biomaterial as a new adsorbent and bacterial cell immobilized carrier was synthesized in this work. The structure and morphology were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Effects of factors on Mn(II)-based autotrophic denitrification were investigated in a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR). The results indicate that the highest nitrate removal and Mn(II) oxidation efficiency occurred under the conditions of initial Mn(II) concentration of 80 mg·L−1, hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 10 h and pH 7. Meteorological chromatography analysis showed that N2 was produced as an end-product, and that gas compositions were different depending on the concentration of Mn(II) in the MBBR. The community diversity in the MBBR was markedly influenced by the concentration of Mn(II) and Pseudomonas sp. H-117 played a primary role in the process of nitrate removal and Mn(II) oxidation.
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Abbasi, Hadi, Charles Élysée, Marc-André Labelle, Edith Laflamme, Alain Gadbois, Antoine Laporte, Peter L. Dold i Yves Comeau. "Organic matter capture by a high-rate inoculum-chemostat and MBBR system". Water Quality Research Journal 52, nr 3 (8.08.2015): 166–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2017.016.
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The main objective of this study was to develop an innovative process to maximize the bio-transformation of colloidal and soluble biodegradable matter (CSB) into particulate matter (XB) for energy recovery via methane production. Two configurations were studied: (1) high-rate moving bed bioreactor (HR-MBBR) and (2) inoculum-chemostat (IC) system consisting of a very HR-MBBR inoculating a continuous flow stirred-tank reactor. The effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT), specific organic loading rate (SOLR), and dissolved oxygen (DO) level were determined using real wastewater at pilot scale. Results showed that in the HR-MBBR process, a very high CSB bio-transformation efficiency (90%) was obtained in a wide range of SOLRs (2.0 to 5.5 g CSB m−2 d−1) corresponding to an optimum HRT of 36 minutes. The IC process reached a maximum CSB bio-transformation efficiency of 77%, at SOLRs ranging from 22 to 30 g CSB m−2 d−1 at an HRT of 3.7 hours. The DO concentration in the HR-MBBR influenced the CSB bio-transformation ratio, while the HRT and the SOLR were the dominant factors influencing this ratio in the IC process. Based on these results, the IC process could be an interesting alternative to high-rate systems towards obtaining energy positive/efficient from water resource recovery facilities.
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Sanchez, Oscar, Marc-André Labelle, Alain Gadbois, Edith Laflamme, Peter L. Dold, Antoine Laporte i Yves Comeau. "Recovery of particulate matter from a high-rate moving bed biofilm reactor by high-rate dissolved air flotation". Water Quality Research Journal 53, nr 4 (2.07.2018): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2018.003.
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Abstract High-rate biological wastewater treatment processes for carbon recovery are able to improve the energy balance and carbon footprint of water resource recovery facilities. Combination of a high-rate moving bed biofilm reactor (HR-MBBR) with a rapid flotation (HR-DAF), as a replacement for the ‘A stage’ of the A-B process, can achieve this objective. The main goal of this study was to maximize the capture of biodegradable particulate matter from an HR-MBBR effluent by an HR-DAF. A pilot-scale HR-DAF process was operated downstream of an HR-MBBR treating screened municipal wastewater. The particulate biodegradable matter recovery was evaluated by determining the total suspended solids (TSS) removal efficiency. TSS recovery in experiments without chemicals at low surface loading rates (<15 m/h) and high recycle ratio (>25%) was 94 ± 1%. By using a tannin-based polymer, the solids capture efficiency of the HR-DAF was slightly improved with TSS recovery reaching 96 ± 1% at a high SLR (at least 22 m/h) and low recycle ratio (14%). The anaerobic biodegradability of the tannin tested was determined to be 17%. The HR-DAF process downstream of an HR-MBBR gave a very good particulate matter recovery that offers a promising alternative to the A-B process for carbon recovery.
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Mulder, A., A. I. Versprille i D. van Braak. "Sustainable nitrogen removal by denitrifying anammox applied for anaerobic pre-treated potato wastewater". Water Science and Technology 66, nr 12 (1.12.2012): 2630–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.466.
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The feasibility of sustainable nitrogen removal was investigated in a two stage biofilm configuration consisting of a MBBR (Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor) and a Deamox reactor (Biobed-EGSB). The MBBR is used for nitrification and the denitrifying ammonium oxidation (Deamox) is aimed at a nitrogen removal process in which part of the required nitrite for the typical anammox reaction originated from nitrate. Anaerobic pre-treated potato wastewater was supplied to a MBBR and Deamox reactor operated in series with a bypass flow of 30%. The MBBR showed stable nitrite production at ammonium-loading rates of 0.9–1.0 kg NH4-N/m3 d with ammonium conversion rates of 0.80–0.85 kg NH4-N/m3 d. The nitrogen-loading rate and conversion rate of the Deamox reactor were 1.6–1.8 and 1.6 kg N/m3 d. The maximum ammonium removal capacity in the Deamox reactor was 0.6 kg NH4-N/m3 d. The removal efficiency of soluble total nitrogen reached 90%. The Deamox process performance was found to be negatively affected during decline of the operating temperature from 33 to 22 °C and by organic loading rates with a chemical oxygen demand (COD)/NO2-N ratio >1.
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Johnson, C. H., M. W. Page i L. Blaha. "Full scale moving bed biofilm reactor results from refinery and slaughter house treatment facilities". Water Science and Technology 41, nr 4-5 (1.02.2000): 401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0472.
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Two Kaldnes moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR™) full scale treatment plants were commissioned in 1999, following successful pilot tests which generated the design data. The MBBR plants are incorporated into each facility as roughing reactors ahead of existing activated sludge processes. Results from the first three months of operation at the Phillips refinery showed surfa ce area loading rates (SALR) averaging 27 g COD/m2/day or twice those seen in the pilot study while percent removals remained constant at 62%. Performance at the Valley Pride Pack facility showed >90% removal of soluble BOD at SALR of 20 g/m2/day in one reactor while nitrification removal rates up to 0.83 g NH3–N/m2/day have been seen in the second stage of the MBBR treatment system.
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Tang, Kai, Gordon Ooi, Aikaterini Spiliotopoulou, Kamilla Kaarsholm, Kim Sundmark, Bianca Florian, Caroline Kragelund, Kai Bester i Henrik Andersen. "Removal of Pharmaceuticals, Toxicity and Natural Fluorescence by Ozonation in Biologically Pre-Treated Municipal Wastewater, in Comparison to Subsequent Polishing Biofilm Reactors". Water 12, nr 4 (8.04.2020): 1059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12041059.
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Ozonation followed by a polishing moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) was implemented in pilot and laboratory to remove the residual pharmaceuticals and toxicity from wastewater effluent, which was from a pilot hybrid system of MBBR and activated sludge, receiving municipal wastewater. The delivered ozone dosages achieving 90% pharmaceutical removal were determined both in pilot and laboratory experiments and they were normalised to dissolved organic carbon (DOC), illustrating our findings were comparable with previously published literature. During wastewater ozonation, the intensity of natural fluorescence was found to be greatly associated with the concentrations of the studied pharmaceuticals. In pilot experiments, toxicity, measured by Vibrio fischeri, increased after ozonation at delivered ozone dosages at 0.38–0.47 mg O3/mg DOC and was completely removed by the subsequent polishing MBBR. Laboratory experiments verified that the polishing MBBR was able to remove the toxicity produced by the ozonation.
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Rusten, Bjørn, Chandler H. Johnson, Steve Devall, Dennis Davoren i Bryan S. Cashion. "Biological pretreatment of a chemical plant wastewater in high-rate moving bed biofilm reactors". Water Science and Technology 39, nr 10-11 (1.05.1999): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0665.
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The Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR), where the biomass is attached to small plastic carrier elements that move freely along with the water in the reactors, has been tested for biological pretreatment of a complex chemical industry wastewater. The MBBRs were tested at organic loads up to 53 g BOD5/m2d and always removed the easily biodegradable BOD fraction, ranging from about 60 to 80%. At organic loads from 10 to 20 g BOD5/m2d slowly biodegradable organic matter was also metabolized, sometimes removing more than 95% BOD5. After polishing in an activated sludge unit, the final effluent had an average concentration of only 3.4 mg filtered BOD5/l. With a very high specific biofilm surface area, MBBRs followed by activated sludge offer a compact process combination for complete biological treatment of chemical industry wastewaters.
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Comett-Ambriz, I., S. Gonzalez-Martinez i P. Wilderer. "Comparison of the performance of MBBR and SBR systems for the treatment of anaerobic reactor biowaste effluent". Water Science and Technology 47, nr 12 (1.06.2003): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0641.
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Anaerobic reactor biowaste effluent was treated with biofilm and activated sludge sequencing batch reactors to compare the performance of both systems. The treatment targets were organic carbon removal and nitrification. The pilot plant was operated in two phases. During the first phase, it was operated like a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) with the Natrix media, with a specific surface area of 210 m2/m3. The MBBR was operated under Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) modality with three 8-hour cycles per day over 70 days. During the second phase of the experiment, the pilot plant was operated over 79 days as a SBR. In both phases the influent was fed to the reactor at a flow rate corresponding to a Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of 4 days. Both systems presented a good carbon removal for this specific wastewater. The Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) total removal was 53% for MBBR and 55% for SBR. MBBR offered a higher dissolved COD removal (40%) than SBR (30%). The limited COD removal achieved is in agreement with the high COD to BOD5 ratio (1/3) of the influent wastewater. In both systems a complete nitrification was obtained. The different efficiencies in both systems are related to the different biomass concentrations.
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Yang, Xuefei, i Víctor López-Grimau. "Reduction of Cost and Environmental Impact in the Treatment of Textile Wastewater Using a Combined MBBR-MBR System". Membranes 11, nr 11 (19.11.2021): 892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11110892.
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A hybrid Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor—Membrane Bioreactor (MBBR-MBR) was developed for the treatment of wastewater from a Spanish textile company. Compared with conventional activated sludge (CAS) treatment, the feasibility of this hybrid system to reduce economic and environmental impact on an industrial scale was conducted. The results showed that, technically, the removal efficiency of COD, TSS and color reached 93%, 99% and 85%, respectively. The newly dyed fabrics performed with the treated wastewater were qualified under the standards of the textile industry. Economically, the values of Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) calculated for the hybrid MBBR-MBR system are profitable because of the reduction in Operational Expenditure (OPEX) when compared with CAS treatment, due to the lower effluent discharge tax thanks to the higher quality of the effluent and the decolorizing agent saved. The result of Net Present Value (NPV) and the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 18% suggested that MBBR-MBR is financially applicable for implantation into the industrial scale. The MBBR-MBR treatment also showed lower environmental impacts than the CAS process in the life cycle assessment (LCA) study, especially in the category of climate change, thanks to the avoidance of using extra decolorizing agent, a synthetic product based on a triamine.
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Hasannajy, Rana Hasan, Basim Khudair Al-Obaidi i Mohammed Sadeq Salman. "A Comparative Study of a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor and Bio-shaft Technology for a Wastewater Treatment Process: A review". Journal of Engineering 27, nr 6 (1.06.2021): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2021.06.04.
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In addition to the primary treatment, biological treatment is used to reduce inorganic and organic components in the wastewater. The separation of biomass from treated wastewater is usually important to meet the effluent disposal requirements, so the MBBR system has been one of the most important modern technologies that use plastic tankers to transport biomass with wastewater, which works in pure biofilm, at low concentrations of suspended solids. However, biological treatment has been developed using the active sludge mixing process with MBBR. Turbo4bio was established as a sustainable and cost-effective solution for wastewater treatment plants in the early 1990s and ran on minimal sludge, and is easy to maintain. This has now evolved into a technology that has proven successful worldwide with trouble-free operation and improved Turbo4bio technology, an advanced high-intensity ventilation system fully enclosed and non-mechanical, ensuring odor-free operation, simple and environmentally friendly operation and long life of domestic and commercial wastewater treatment And the municipality. In this paper, a comparison between MBBR and T4B treatment system was made. As a general review of previous research and experiments, it is possible to reduce the total cost based on building all plant structures to obtain concentrations within the permissible limits of pollutants at the final outlets. It is clear that the use of MBBR has contributed to the realization of simultaneous biological phosphorous and nitrogen removal experiments, which aim to change the more significant methods developed from conventional methods, from the advantages of the Turbo 4 Bioreactor with low cost and high production performance, with less energy consumption and lower operating costs because it does not require Chemicals for processing, cleaning, and disinfection. It only takes small amounts of chlorine, the use of a compressor system for air, and rapid recovery providing high rates of generation of biomass to restore the plant quickly.
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Thakare, Unnati, Himani Kimmatkar, Prajakta Shende, Snehaly Raut i Dr B. S. Ruprai. "Design of 50KLD MBBR based Sewage Treatment for Hostel Building, Nagpur". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, nr 4 (30.04.2023): 3948–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.51145.
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Abstract: Sewage water recovery is the treatment or processing of Sewage water to make it applicable. This paper shows the design of various component of conventional sewage treatment plant using Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor technique at College Hostel, Nagpur. The project consisting of the design of complete Sewage Treatment Plant components consist of Bar Screen Chamber, Equalization Tank, Aeration Tank, Clarifier Tank, Pressure Sand filter, Activated Carbon Filter and Treated Water Tank. Among the available technologies for waste water treatment, MBBR sewage treatment is most suitable. It is a leading technology in waste water treatment as this system can operate at lower vestiges and give advanced efficiency of treatment. It’s compact and effective option for domestic waste treatment. In duly designed MBBR, the whole reactor volume is active, with no dead space or short circuiting. This paper demonstrates the detailed procedure for the design of a MBBR grounded sewage treatment plant of 50 KLD capacity for an educational lot.
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Broch-Due, A., R. Andersen i B. Opheim. "Treatment of integrated newsprint mill wastewater in moving bed biofilm reactors". Water Science and Technology 35, nr 2-3 (1.02.1997): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0511.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Wastewaters from three integrated newsprint mills have been treated in a pilot plant Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR). In the MBBR the biomass adheres to small plastic elements which move freely along with the water in the reactor. A reduction of 65-75% for COD and 85-95% for BOD was obtained at HRT of 4-5 hours. By prolonging the HRT the removal efficiencies of COD and BOD increased to about 80% and 96%, respectively. With a subsequent chemical precipitation a removal efficiency of COD up to 95% was achieved. The amount of chemicals needed for precipitation of the biologically treated wastewater was only a quarter to a third of that needed for chemical treatment of the untreated wastewater. The results showed the MBBR process to be competitive with conventional biological treatment systems and that treatment objectives can be met at short HRTs.
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Yang, W., W. Syed i H. Zhou. "Comparative study on membrane fouling between membrane-coupled moving bed biofilm reactor and conventional membrane bioreactor for municipal wastewater treatment". Water Science and Technology 69, nr 5 (30.12.2013): 1021–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.823.
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This study compared the performance between membrane-coupled moving bed biofilm reactor (M-MBBR) and a conventional membrane bioreactor (MBR) in parallel. Extensive tests were conducted in three pilot-scale experimental units over 6 months. Emphasis was placed on the factors that would affect the performance of membrane filtration. The results showed that the concentrations of soluble microbial product (SMP), colloidal total organic carbon and transparent exopolymer particles in the M-MBBR systems were not significantly different from those in the control MBR system. However, the fouling rates were much higher in the M-MBBR systems as compared to the conventional MBR systems. This indicates membrane fouling potential was related not only to the concentration of SMP, but also to their sources and characteristics. The addition of polyaluminum chloride could reduce the fouling rate of the moving bed biofilm reactor unit by 56.4–84.5% at various membrane fluxes.
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Ødegaard, H., B. Rusten i H. Badin. "Small Wastewater Treatment Plants Based on Moving Bed Biofilm Reactors". Water Science and Technology 28, nr 10 (1.11.1993): 351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0253.
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In 1988 the State Pollution Control Authority in Norway made recommendations regarding process designs for small wastewater treatment plants. Amongst these were recommendations for biological/chemical plants where biofilm reactors were used in combination with pretreatment in large septic tanks and chemical post treatment. At the same time the socalled “moving bed biofilm reactor” (MBBR) was developed by a Norwegian company. In this paper, experiences from a small wastewater treatment plant, based on the MBBR and on the recommendations mentioned, will be presented.
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Pozo, G., C. A. Villamar, M. Martínez i G. Vidal. "Effect of organic load and nutrient ratio on the operation stability of the moving bed bioreactor for kraft mill wastewater treatment and the incidence of polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis". Water Science and Technology 66, nr 2 (1.07.2012): 370–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.204.
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This paper studies the effect of organic load rate (OLR) and nutrient ratio on operation stability of the moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) for kraft mill wastewater treatment, analyzing the incidence of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production. The MBBR operating strategy was to increase OLR from 0.25 ± 0.05 to 2.41 ± 0.19 kg COD m−3 d−1 between phases I and IV. The BOD5:N:P ratio (100:5:1 and 100:1:0.2) was evaluated as an operation strategy for phases IV to V. A stable MBBR operation was found when the OLR was increased during 225 days in five phases. The maximum absolute fluorescence against the proportion of cells accumulating PHA was obtained for an OLR of 2.41 ± 0.19 kg COD m−3d−1 and a BOD5:N:P relationship of 100:1:0.2. The increase of PHA biosynthesis is due to the increased OLR and is not attributable to the increased cell concentration, which is maintained constant in stationary status during bioreactor biosynthesis.
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Lu, Mang, Li-Peng Gu i Wen-Hao Xu. "Treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater using a sequential anaerobic–aerobic moving-bed biofilm reactor system based on suspended ceramsite". Water Science and Technology 67, nr 9 (1.05.2013): 1976–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.077.
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In this study, a novel suspended ceramsite was prepared, which has high strength, optimum density (close to water), and high porosity. The ceramsite was used to feed a moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) system with an anaerobic–aerobic (A/O) arrangement to treat petroleum refinery wastewater for simultaneous removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonium. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the anaerobic–aerobic MBBR system was varied from 72 to 18 h. The anaerobic–aerobic system had a strong tolerance to shock loading. Compared with the professional emission standard of China, the effluent concentrations of COD and NH3-N in the system could satisfy grade I at HRTs of 72 and 36 h, and grade II at HRT of 18 h. The average sludge yield of the anaerobic reactor was estimated to be 0.0575 g suspended solid/g CODremoved. This work demonstrated that the anaerobic–aerobic MBBR system using the suspended ceramsite as bio-carrier could be applied to achieving high wastewater treatment efficiency.
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Delatolla, Robert, Nathalie Tufenkji, Yves Comeau, Alain Gadbois, Daniel Lamarre i Dimitrios Berk. "Investigation of Laboratory-Scale and Pilot-Scale Attached Growth Ammonia Removal Kinetics at Cold Temperature and Low Influent Carbon". Water Quality Research Journal 45, nr 4 (1.11.2010): 427–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2010.042.
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Abstract A mobile testing center was installed at a lagoon wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) at Terrebonne, Canada to investigate the rate of ammonia removal of attached growth treatment systems at 4°C and at low influent carbon concentrations. The testing center housed two laboratory-scale reactors, a pilot-scale BioStyr system (Veolia Water) and a pilot-scale moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) system (Veolia Water). Although the rates of laboratory-scale and the pilot-scale systems demonstrated that the exposure time to low temperature has a significant effect on the kinetics of the system, the ammonia removal rates of all the systems were shown to be significant at 4°C. A strong correlation was demonstrated between the rates of ammonia removal produced by the laboratory-scale reactors, the pilot BioStyr system and pilot MBBR system; thus verifying the scaleup capability of the laboratory-scale reactors and demonstrating that nitrifiers can achieve ammonia removal under cold temperature conditions for elapsed periods of time independent of the reactor design. Finally, the ammonia removal rates of the laboratory-scale systems, the BioStyr pilot system, and the MBBR pilot system were all accurately predicted by a recently proposed Theta model.
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Rathore, Purva, D. J. Killedar, Divyesh Parde i Akansha Sahare. "Life cycle cost analysis of wastewater treatment technologies". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1032, nr 1 (1.06.2022): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1032/1/012006.
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Abstract With the ever-increasing population, volumes of wastewater treatment are a major concern in our country. The Activated Sludge Process (ASP), Biological Filtration and Oxygenated Reactor (BIOFOR), Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB), and Moving Bed Bio Reactor (MBBR) are all monetarily investigated in the present study using the Life Cycle Cost Assessment (LCCA) tool. In this study, life cycle costing is done using the present value method, which involves discounting the costs for a 20-year economic life. The costs of treating wastewater per million litres per day (MLD) of wastewater treatment technology are obtained from the literature. Moreover, this study takes into account the capital, annual operation, energy, salvage, and replacement costs to compare the life cycle costs of ASP, UASB, BIOFOR, and MBBR to make the best guess of an economical technology. The LCCA demonstrates that the MBBR has the highest costs of treatment, resulting in the highest Life Cycle Cost (LCC). BIOFOR has the largest energy requirement making LCC the second-highest among the technologies. In India, ASP is one of the most widely used technologies, whose LCC is the third most advanced of the four technologies. Because of its lower energy and operating costs, UASB has the lowest LCC.
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Villamar, C. A., M. Jarpa, J. Decap i G. Vidal. "Aerobic moving bed bioreactor performance: a comparative study of removal efficiencies of kraft mill effluents from Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus globulus as raw material". Water Science and Technology 59, nr 3 (1.02.2009): 507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.002.
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A Moving Bed Bioreactor (MBBR) was operated during 333 days. Two different effluents were fed in six different phases. Phases I and II were fed with effluent where Pinus radiata was used as raw material, while phases III to VI were fed with effluent where Eucalyptus globulus was used as raw material. The HRT was reduced from 85 to 4 h, and the BOD5:N:P ratio (100:5:1, 100:3:1 and 100:1:1) was also simultaneously evaluated as an operation strategy. When MBBR was operated with Pinus radiata influent, the performance presents a high BOD5 removal level (above 95%), although COD removal is below 60%. Most of the recalcitrant COD contained in the effluent has a molecular weight higher than 10,000 Da. When MBBR was operated with Eucalyptus globulus influent, the performance is around 97.9-97.6% and 68.6-65.1% for BOD5 and COD, respectively (with HRT up to 17 h). In the Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus globus effluents, the color was mainly found in the molecular weight fraction up to 10,000 Daltons.
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Chamorro, S., G. Pozo, M. Jarpa, V. Hernandez, J. Becerra i G. Vidal. "Monitoring endocrine activity in kraft mill effluent treated by aerobic moving bed bioreactor system". Water Science and Technology 62, nr 1 (1.07.2010): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.297.
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A Moving Bed Bioreactor (MBBR) was operated at three different hydraulic retention times for a period of 414 days. The fate of the extractive compounds and the estrogenic activity of the Pinus radiata kraft mill effluents were evaluated using Yeast Estrogen Screen (YES) and gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS) detection. Results show that the MBBR reactor is able to remove between 80–83% of estrogenic activity present in the kraft mill Pinus radiata influent, where the values of the effluent's estrogenic activity ranged between 0.123–0.411 ng L−1, expressed as estrogenic equivalent (EEqs) of 17-a-ethynylestradiol (EE2 eq.). Additionally, the biomass of the MBBR reactor accumulated estrogenic activity ranging between 0.29–0.37 ng EEqs EE2 during the different Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) operations. The main groups present in pulp mills effluents, corresponding to fatty acids, hydrocarbons, phenols, sterols and triterpenes, were detected by solid phase extraction (SPE) and gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results suggest that the sterols produce the estrogenic activity in the evaluated effluent.