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1
Cohen, Andrew. "Mating call". FIU Digital Commons, 2006. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2399.
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Mating Call is a memoir set in the Pacific Northwest during the 1990s, in what Spin Magazine calls "Seattle's Golden Age." The story begins with my arrival in the West and a self-inflicted broken heart, a relationship I had severed due to "missing pieces." The quest is to find these pieces, and throughout the search the memoir analyzes love and relationships for Generation X. The quest takes seven years, during which the narrative explores Seattle's breweries and bedrooms, and the Northwest's rainforests and volcanoes, all the while investigating interpersonal chemistry, sex, and friendship. For all the searching, the missing pieces are actually discovered by accident, when happenstance deals my heart a second blow; the quest is over, and I return East.
2
Börger, Luca. "Roe deer mating tactics". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614310.
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Nash, Deborah Mary. "Mating-Induced Endometritis in Horses". Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497513.
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Butlin, Joseph Ming. "Mating system evolution and diversification". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497778.
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Cohen, Danielle Leigh. "Attachment, ecology and mating strategies". Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422708.
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Kuo, Hsiao-Che. "Sexual mating in Neurospora crassa". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11020.
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In N. crassa, a specialized hypha, the trichogyne, grows out chemotropically from the ascogonium (female cell) towards a sex pheromone releasing male cell which is commonly a macroconidium of opposite mating type. Following macroconidium-trichogyne fusion, the male and female nuclei were formed to be arrested in nuclear division. The female nuclei became immobilized, rounded up and clumped together whilst all of the male nuclei from the macroconidium moved unidirectionally and sequentially towards the ascogonium with an ‘inchworm-like’, repeated elongation and condensation pattern of movement. Dynein, kinesins and myosins played a role in regulating perithecial formation and the behaviour of male and female nuclei during mating. The dynein subunits DYN2, DLC, DIC and DYN27, the kinesins NKIN2 and KAR3, and the myosin MYO2 encoded by the female influenced male nuclear behaviour whilst the dynein subunit RO-3, the kinesin KIP2 and the myosins MYO1 and MYO2 encoded by male influenced female nuclear behaviour. These results showed that motor proteins derived from the male and female cooperate to regulate the movement of male nuclei and that male-female nuclear recognition occurs immediately following macroconidium-trichogyne fusion. Disruption of microtubule and actin polymerization, and inhibition of myosin activity, inhibited perithecial development and perturbed male nuclear behaviour during mating. A new type of hypha produced by conidia, the conidial sex tube (CST), was discovered. It was found to be included by sex pheromone from the opposite mating type and to be regulated by red, green and blue light.
7
Giese, Wolfgang. "The choreography of yeast mating". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17657.
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Die Forschung an der Hefe Saccharomyces cerevisiae – auch als Bäckerhefe bekannt – hat sich für die biologische Grundlagenforschung als unentbehrlich erwiesen und führte zu wichtigen Erkenntnissen in der Erforschung von Krankheiten wie Krebs. Am Beispiel der Paarung von Hefezellen werden in dieser Arbeit wesentliche Aspekte der eukaryotischen Zellbiologie untersucht. In der Haplophase des Lebenszyklus der Hefe, treten haploide Zellen als Paarungstyp MATa oder MATα auf. Diese Paarungstypen kommunizieren über Pheromone, die in ein extrazelluläres Medium abgesondert werden und von Zelloberflächenrezeptoren des komplementären Paarungstyps erkannt werden. Hefezellen wachsen in die Richtung eines möglichen Paarungspartners, da sie sich nicht aktiv bewegen können. Die Auswertung von empirischen Daten aus der Fluoreszenzmikroskopie und Rasterkraftmikroskopie (AFM) mit mathematischen Modellen ermöglichte die Rekonstruktion wesentlicher Prozesse der Hefepaarung: (i) Interzelluläre Kommunikation über die Sezernierung und Rezeption von Pheromonen, (ii) Aufbau der Zellpolarität als Reaktion auf die Pheromonantwort, (iii) Induktion und Mechanik der Zellformänderung. Folgende Modelle wurden dazu entwickelt: (i) Die interzelluläre Kommunikation wurde unter Verwendung von zellulären Automaten mit Hilfe von Reaktions-Diffusions (RD) Gleichungen modelliert. Das Modell zeigte, dass die gegenseitige Stimulierung und erhöhte Pheromonabsonderung zu einer verbesserten Abstimmung in der Paarung in der Zellpopulation führt. (ii) Ein Turing- und ein Phasenseparations- Mechanismus wurden als Modelle zum Aufbau der Zellpolarität verwendet. Volumen-Oberflächen gekoppelte RD Gleichungen wurden analytisch und numerisch mit der Finite-Elemente-Methode (FEM) untersucht. (iii) Die Zellwandveränderung wurde mit klassischer Kontinuumsmechanik und der FEM Methode modelliert. Dies ermöglichte eine Beschreibung der reversiblen elastischen und der irreversiblen plastischen Verformungen der Zellwand.Research on the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae – also known as baker’s yeast – has been essential not only for fostering basic biological knowledge but even more so for contributing towards understanding diseases such as cancer. In this thesis, general biological phenomena occurring in eukaryotic cells are investigated, exemplified by the mating process of yeast. In the haploid phase of their life cycle, yeast cells occur as mating type MATa or MATα, both of which communicate via pheromones that are secreted in an extracellular medium and can be sensed by cell-surface receptors of the complementary mating type. In order to mate, yeast cells grow towards a potential mating partner, since they are not able to actively move. Mathematical models on the basis of fluorescence and atomic force microscopy (AFM) data were developed. The key aspects of the yeast mating process that I examined were (i) intercellular communication of cells via pheromones, (ii) the initial symmetry break and implementation of cell polarity, and (iii) subsequent morphogenetic changes. The methods used and findings were as follows: (i) Pheromone secretion and sensing motifs were modelled using cellular automata models based on reaction-diffusion (RD) equations. My models show that mutual stimulation and increased pheromone secretion between cells improves mating efficiency in cell populations. (ii) To explain yeast mating decisions, two possible model types for cell polarity were tested: a Turing-type and a phase-separation mechanism. Bulk-surface RD equations were investigated analytically and numerically using the finite element method (FEM). Typical cell shapes were reconstructed in 2D and 3D. (iii) The cell wall was modelled using classical continuum mechanics that allows for reversible elastic and irreversible plastic cell wall deformation. Mathematical modelling demonstrated that all three processes investigated are precisely orchestrated and interlocked during yeast mating.
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Tan, Robin. "The Effect of Ovulation as a Male Mating Prime on Drinking and Other Mating Behaviors". Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5138.
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A recent line of research grounded in evolutionary theory has shown that exposure to women's fertility cues affects men's mating cognition and behavior. This area of research has not yet been examined in relation to alcohol. As alcohol has also been shown to facilitate the formation of sexual connections for males, establishing the intersection between these two lines of research seems necessary to understand the impetus behind human behavior. Ninety-eight male participants were primed with either the scent of a fertile woman or the scent of nonfertile woman and then completed measures assessing their level of attraction to pictures of women, beer consumption, approach behavior, and alcohol expectancies. Results of the study indicated that males' mating behaviors are affected by women's ovulatory cues, as men exposed to an ovulation prime drank significantly more and exhibited significantly more approach behavior than men exposed to a control prime. Furthermore, an interaction was found between sexual enhancement expectancies and prime condition on beer consumption, which indicated that there was no effect for sexual enhancement expectancies for those in the control prime condition, but for those in the ovulation prime condition, increased drinking was associated with higher sexual facilitation expectancies. These findings were consistent with previous research and support evolutionary theories of mating behavior while taking an integrative approach in trying to explain factors behind human behavior.
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Bakker, Aletta Catharine. "Mating strategies in small ermine moths". [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2007. http://dare.uva.nl/document/48537.
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Manno, Theodore G. Dobson F. Stephen. "Mating behavior of Columbian ground squirrels". Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SUMMER/Biological_Sciences/Dissertation/Manno_Theodore_16.pdf.
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Kemmitt, Gregory Miles. "Regulation of mating in Phytophthora infestans". Thesis, Bangor University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357186.
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Bridge, A. P. "Mating and competition in metid spiders". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387979.
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Pereira, Paulo. "Control of mating in Schizosaccharomyces pombe". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271226.
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Gonçalves, de Sá Maria Joana Patrício. "Communication and choice in yeast mating". Doctoral thesis, Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/5526.
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Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do grau de doutor em Biologia de Sistemas pelo Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica da Universidade Nova de Lisboa.Cell-cell communication is essential for all organisms and a hallmark of multicellularity. In the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mating occurs when two haploid cells of opposite mating types (a and α), communicate through secreted pheromones and the corresponding transmembrane receptors, to find each other and fuse. I focused on the mating system of S. cerevisiae and used a quantitative approach to ask how yeast cells communicate with each other. I show that α cells advertise their presence strongly and devote about 1% of their protein synthesis to making just enough α-factor pheromone to initiate this communication. The a cells can only respond accurately to a small range of secreted α-factor and express a protease, Bar1, to maintain the α-factor concentration within their gradient sensing regime. I argue that this is an efficient way to keep mating economic and robust. I then asked how yeast cells choose a partner and I propose that sexual identity, in yeast, is determined at the cell surface, by which receptors and pheromones each cell expresses. I also report that S. cerevisiae’s a cell receptor, Ste2, is surprisingly promiscuous and can respond to high concentrations of pheromones from distant species. I present evidence that the Ste2 receptors across the Ascomycota are not under positive selection, contrasting with most genes involved in speciation, and this can explain the cross-talk between different receptors and pheromones. I solve this paradox by arguing that most fungi cannot distinguish between self and non-self closely related species and that speciation in fungi is not happening at the receptor/pheromone level. I discuss these findings from a molecular and evolutionary perspective.
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Kimball, Scott Allen. "Mating System Dynamics in Passerine Birds". The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1242317441.
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Whyte, Stephen G. "Human mating in the informal market for sperm donation: Preferences and decision making". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/90658/1/Stephen_Whyte_Thesis.pdf.
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Choosing a mate is one of the largest (economic) decisions humans make. This thesis investigates this large scale decision and how the process is changing with the advent of the internet and the growing market for online informal sperm donation. This research identifies individual factors that influence female mating preferences. It explores the roles of behavioural traits and physical appearance, preferences for homogamy and hypergamy, and personality, and how these impact the decision to choose a donor. Overall, this thesis makes contributions to both the literature on human behaviour, and that on decision-making in extreme and highly important situations.
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Bjørnstad, Pedersen Lars. "An analysis of a shared mating in V2". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-96855.
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In this master thesis we investigate, from a topological point of view and without applying Thurston´s Theorem, why the mating of the so called basilica polynomial I detta examensarbete undersöker vi, från en topologisk synvinkel och utan applicering av Thurstons teorem, varför matchningen av det så kallade basilikapolynomet
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DeStefano, Anita Louise. "Exploitation of nonadditive variance through nonrandom mating". Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05022009-040521/.
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Johnson, Louise Janna. "Evolution of the mating system in saccharomyces". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246311.
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Huberman, Lori Bromer. "Studies on mating in the budding yeast". Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11124.
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Budding yeast are capable of existing in both a haploid and diploid state. Haploid cells have two mating types, MATa and MATα. When cells from the two mating types come in contact they signal using reciprocal pheromones and pheromone receptors, starting a regulated pheromone response that includes transcription of pheromone-response genes, polarization in the direction of highest pheromone concentration, and cell cycle arrest. Once cells have chosen a mating partner, they must fuse their cell walls, plasma membranes, and nuclei to form a single diploid cell.
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Hu, Yu-Wei. "Effects of mating mindsets on variety seeking". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/88369.
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Thesis: S.M. in Management Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 49-53).
This research shows that mating mindsets, which consumers commonly experience, can have a crucial impact on consumers' variety seeking tendencies. In two studies, we find that male consumers in a long-term mating mindset (versus a non-mating mindset) exhibit more (versus less) variety seeking behavior. For male consumers, the effects of mating mindsets on variety seeking are driven by sensitivity to errors of omission. However, for female consumers, variety seeking behavior and sensitivity to errors of omission were not significantly different across mating and non-mating conditions. In closing, the author discusses theoretical and managerial implications..
by Yu-Wei Hu.
S.M. in Management Research
22
Katrantzi, Ioanna. "Equilibria of dynamic mutual choice mating games". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2009. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2336/.
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We examine dynamic mutual choice mating games: members of two populations (males and females) are randomly matched in successive periods and form couples only if they mutually accept each other. Players are heterogeneous and their "types" are distributed in an interval. The utility that a player obtains from a mating depends on both his type and the type of his partner. We consider three type of preferences: (i) homotypic (preference for similar types), (ii) common (preference for high types) and (iii) age dependent preferences. In case (i), we explore the equilibrium behaviour when the sex ratio r is 1 : 1. We extend the results of Alpern and Reyniers (1999) two period continuous type game. Next, we develop an algorithm, for reducing the potential equilibrium strategies in the two period discrete type model. Using this algorithm, we are able then to determine the equilibria in some discrete type models; we find multiple equilibria in some cases. Even when we do not assume the sexes adopt identical strategies, we find that this always occurs at equilibrium. We also explore the equilibrium behaviour and the mating patterns when players have mixed preferences (combination of mixed and common preferences) with the help of a discrete type model. In case (ii), we extend the Alpern and Reyniers (2005) common preferences model to the case of a sex ratio r > 1. Males remaining unmated after the end of the game have negative utility -c. We analyse how the equilibria of this mating game are formed, depending on the parameters r and c. It is proved that males are not always choosy at equilibrium and for some (r, c) there are multiple equilibria. In a region of (r, c) space with multiple equilibria, we compare these, and analyse their "efficiency" in several respects (stability and welfare). Finally in (iii), based on an idea of Alpern and Reyniers (1999) and Alpern (2008) we analyse the equilibrium strategies in a steady state model where individuals have age dependent preferences and they seek partners who provide to them the longest possible common fertile life. We determine the equilibrium strategies as the sex ratio of the incoming population changes and comment of the efficiency of equilibria.
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Liggett, Danielle A. "Assortative mating in young adult romantic relationships". Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1304363588.
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Watt, Rebekah. "Transcriptomic basis of post-mating responses in females of the parasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7660.
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Mating in insects influences suites of behavioural and physiological changes in females. These changes can include key female traits such as dispersal, foraging, oviposition and female remating or receptivity. Whilst much is known at the phenotypic level about post-mating changes in reproductive biology across many species, much less is known at the genetic level, especially outside of established model organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster. In the parasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis courtship behaviour, rather than copulation, is believed to be primarily responsible for driving changes in female post-mating behaviour. Here we have studied female receptivity and post-mating gene expression changes associated with courtship and copulation in Nasonia vitripennis. Firstly we considered the influence of the duration of various elements of courtship and mating on female re-mating rates. We were able to identify an association between long pre-copulatory courtship durations and females which are less likely to re-mate (after 24 hours) and suggest that this may be driven by females which are generally less receptive. We also observed that males may be capable of determining female mating state, taking longer to engage in courtship with mated females than virgin females. To further explore the influence of mating on female post-mating behavioural and physiological processes, we explored changes in gene expression occurring in response to mating. To do this we utilised two different transcriptomic sequencing approaches developed for the Illumina next-generation sequencing platform. Using a tag-seq approach we considered the differential gene expression occurring in response to mating in head and body (comprising of the thorax and abdomen) tissues across two time-points (30 minutes and four hours). We were able to identify large changes in expression in head tissues across time-points in comparison to more subtle changes in body tissues. We suggest that head tissues may be more closely associated with post-mating changes in behaviour, whilst body tissues are perhaps physiologically more associated with egg production and influenced less by mating per se. Finally, using an RNA-seq approach, we considered the gene expression changes occurring in female body tissues in response to three elements of male courtship across two time-points (30 minutes and 24 hours). We hoped to narrow down the role of male courtship and/or insemination in post-mating gene expression differences, addressing first the more limited changed in body tissues. We showed that time-point was the most important factor associated with post-mating gene expression, with the courtship components tested being associated with very little expressional change. The data presented in this thesis suggests that male courtship may not be that important for driving the post-mating behavioural and genetic changes seen in Nasonia, perhaps limiting the scope for sexual conflict over reproduction in this species.
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Laskowski, Meggan C. "Uncovering molecular mechanisms that regulate mating in Histoplasma capsulatum". Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1250166185.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Cincinnati, 2009.Advisor: A George Smulian. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Dec. 15, 2009). Keywords: Histoplasma capsulatum; fungi; mating; pheromone; mating locus. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Jensen, Pamela C. "A molecular dissection of the mating system of the Dungeness crab, Cancer magister (Brachyura:Cancridae), with observations on mating behavior /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5397.
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Mück, Isabel Magdalena. "Effects of Nest Spacing on Nest Occupation, Mating Success and Mating Behaviour in the Two-spotted Goby (Gobiusculus flavescens)". Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for biologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-12756.
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I investigated hoe different spacing of breeding sited affects different aspects of mating behaviour in the two-spotted goby. I found that clumped nest spacing affects nest occupations and reproductive success negatively. Clumped nest spacing incresed male agonistic behaviour and led to a higher variance in reproductive success.
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Thomas, Andrew G. "On the plasticity of human mating strategies : experimental evidence for mating strategy change in response to evolutionarily relevant stimuli". Thesis, Swansea University, 2015. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa41184.
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Evolutionary psychological theory explains the large variance found in humanmating behaviour through the use of a mating strategies perspective. Specifically, both sexes have short-term and long-term mating strategies containing sets of evolved psychological adaptations which guide mating effort. Individuals vary in their mating behaviour due to the differential activation of these two strategies which are thought to be activated conditionally. That is, an individual is hypothesized to engage in a short- term mating strategy over a long-term one in circumstances where, ancestrally, a short- term strategy would have led to the best fitness outcome. Despite a large body of evidence for the existence of mating strategies in humans, evidence for the ability to conditionally switch between strategies is less robust. To date, such evidence is either in the form of correlational studies, or experimental studies which demonstrate changes to behaviours only partly related to mating strategies. The aim of this thesis was to fill the gap in this literature by demonstrating that participants can change their mating strategies in response to evolutionarily relevant stimuli. A novel measure of mating strategies was developed in order to capture a participants’ propensity towards short- and long-term mating before and after exposure to cues hypothesized to have affected the effectiveness of the two mating strategies in the ancestral environment. These included cues related to a skewed local sex-ratio, self-perceived dominance, and environmental danger. Of the ten experimental hypotheses tested, support (or partial support) was found for seven and the experimental effects were typically small-to-medium in size. Thus, moderate support was found that humans are flexible in their mating strategy implementation and respond to evolutionarily relevant cues, although it was concluded that marked changes in an individual’s environment would be required for any lasting effect on their matingbehaviour to occur.
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Henicheck, Jacob Thomas. "The Effects of Mating Strategy on Religiosity: Church Attendance as a Mating Strategy Component and the Role of Religious Belief". W&M ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1550153983.
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Contrary to traditional theories that religious morals influence sexual attitudes, recent research has found that controlling for sexual attitudes largely reduces associations between various moral views and religiosity. Based on these findings, the reproductive religiosity model was proposed in which being sexually restricted leads individuals to increase their religious involvement. However, the model a) does not account for religious belief and b) claims that sexual behavior mediates the effect of various variables on church attendance without employing a mediation model. to address these points, this study tests reproductive variables in a multiple regression to examine their ability to independently predict church attendance and belief in God. Further, this study tests a unique hypothesis that sexual behavior mediates the relationship between belief and attendance in both men and women. Among a sample obtained from the National Opinion Research Center (NORC) database (N=13636), sexual variables predicted church attendance and religious belief after controlling for other known predictors. Further, sexual behavior fully mediated the relationship between sex and church attendance but attendance did not mediate the relationship between sex and sexual behavior. This study illustrates the unique role of sexual behavior in mediating religiosity and how reproductive variables are independently related to church attendance.
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Peaden, Lora. "The effects of mating motivation on associative memory". Tallahassee, Fla. : Florida State University, 2010. http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/lib/digcoll/undergraduate/honors-theses/2181967.
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Schlüns, Helge. "Evolutionary aspects of mating and reproduction in honeybees". [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=971611343.
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Schielzeth, Holger. "Causes of between-individual differences in mating preferences". Diss., lmu, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-106811.
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Beall, Alec T. "The mating/parenting trade-off : evidence and implications". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/60119.
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According to the biological principles of life history theory, there is a fundamental trade-off between mating effort and parenting effort. The five studies reported here (N = 3,439) tested two conceptually distinct ways in which that trade-off might manifest at a psychological level of analysis. Studies 1 and 2 focus on developmental processes and individual differences in the chronic activation of the mate acquisition and parenting motivational systems. Studies 3, 4, and 5 focus on temporary activation and inhibition of the mate acquisition and parenting motivational systems. The primary results of Study 1 (n = 305) suggest that men who express a greater desire to engage in short-term mating behavior have a less intense nurturant parental response to infants; Study 2 (n = 2252) revealed similar inverse relations, this time among both men and women (as well as parents and nonparents). Study 2 additionally noted a positive correlation between short-term mating orientation and chronic protective parental tendencies. Results from Study 3 (n = 92) indicate that the temporary arousal of a parental care-giving motivational state consequently inhibits self-reported inclinations toward short-term mating; this effect was only found in women. Results from Studies 4 (n = 308) and 5 (n = 482) suggest that temporary arousal of a mate acquisition motivational state consequently inhibits self-reported tender emotional responses towards infants. No consistent sex differences were noted in this latter result. Results of Study 5 additionally suggest that the temporary arousal of a disease- and predator-avoidance motivational states consequently inhibit self-reported nurturant emotional responses towards infants as well. No consistent sex differences were noted in these effects. Taken together, the present research yields results consistent with hypothesized psychological manifestations of the mating/parenting trade-off. But the present research also yields additional results that pose a challenge to these seemingly straightforward hypotheses, suggesting that a more nuanced approach must be taken to understand how the mating/parenting trade-off might manifest psychologically.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
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Sun, Mei. "Mixed mating systems and gynodioecy in Hawaiian Bidens". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27204.
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All species of Bidens endemic to the Hawaiian Islands evolved from a single common ancestor through adaptive radiation. Morphological differentiation among these species includes differences in floral features which influence their mating systems. Twelve taxa of Hawaiian Bidens were studied to assess the extent of variation in floral features. Outcrossing rates were estimated for 15 populations of eight species using allozyme gene markers in progenies. All species studied had intermediate outcrossing rates ranging from 58.0%-72.8%. Outcrossing rate was not correlated with flower size, degree of protandry or seed set in the absence of pollinators, but did appear to be correlated with inflorescence type. Strong protandry efficiently prevents self-fertilization within flowers, but numerous simultaneously flowering heads promote geitonogamy, which brings about a substantial level of selfing. The intermediate rates of self-fertilization in all species studied do not support the prediction of a bimodal distribution of outcrossing rates by Lande and Schemske (1985).
The amount and structure of genetic variation was investigated using allozyme data for 21 populations of ten species of Hawaiian Bidens. Genetic variation within populations was low. Genetic identities among populations was high, probably because of their common ancestry. For the three commonly polymorphic loci, Pgi-1, Pgi-2, and Skdh-3, there was a substantial amount of genetic differentiation among populations. This suggests that founder effects as well as the mating system have influenced the distribution of genetic variation. There was a significant heterozygote deficiency at one or more allozyme loci in most populations in comparison with the Hardy-Weinberg expectations. The heterozygote deficiency was primarily caused by inbreeding, but a "heterozygosity paradox" was also detected in these populations, suggesting the effect of other evolutionary factors on genetic structure of Bidens populations.
Thirteen of the 27 taxa of Hawaiian Bidens are gynodioecious. Abortion of microsporogenesis in females is caused by an early abnormal vacuolation of tapetal cells which leads to premeiotic degeneration of microspore mother cells. Microsporogenesis was developmentally similar in all nine taxa studied. Genetic studies provided evidence that male sterility is controlled by two recessive nuclear genes, and these genes are allelic in all gynodioecious species. Cytoplasmic factors are apparently also involved. Both developmental and genetic data suggest that male sterility in Hawaiian Bidens is homologous. The evolution of gynodioecy most likely occurred autochthonously, and all gynodioecious taxa are probably the products of adaptive radiation of one ancestral gynodioecious species.
In gynodioecious populations, females must have some selective advantage to counteract the disadvantage caused by reducing the fitness of male gametes to zero. Theoretical studies of the maintenance of gynodioecy hypothesize that females are maintained because of their outcrossing advantage or reproductive superiority as seed parents. There was a significant correlation between selfing rates of hermaphrodites and frequencies of females in eight gynodioecious populations of Hawaian Bidens. This result provides the first empirical evidence that supports the outcrossing hypothesis. Heterozygosity at allozyme loci was higher in the progenies of females than in the progenies of hermaphrodites. I conclude that females are maintained in gynodioecious populations because of their obligate outcrossing, and the consequence of gynodioecy is that it raises the levels of outcrossing and heterozygosity in self-compatible populations. However, estimated selfing rates of hermaphrodites cannot by themselves account for the observed high frequencies of females in these populations. Females must have some additional selective advantage. Measurement of several fitness components of the two sexes failed to reveal significant differences in most cases. Information on the relative fitness of the two sexes in nature is needed to understand the maintenance of females in gynodioecious species of Hawaiian Bidens.Science, Faculty of
Botany, Department of
Graduate
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Shiu, Patrick Ka Tai. "Mating-type-associated vegetative incompatibility in Neurospora crassa". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0015/NQ56621.pdf.
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Koslow, Jennifer Marie. "Mixed mating systems, pathogens, and plant community ecology". [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3232578.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Biology, 2006."Title from dissertation home page (viewed July 11, 2007)." Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-08, Section: B, page: 4208. Advier: Keith Clay.
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Bergström, Jonas. "The evolution of mating rates in Pieris napi /". Stockholm : Zoologiska institutionen, Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-66.
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Tindle, Joel David Eubanks Micky. "The effects of herbivory on plant mating systems". Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Fall/Thesis/TINDLE_JOEL_1.pdf.
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Huddleston, Gloria Gradine. "Steroid Sensitive Neurons and Male Rat Mating Behavior". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/biology_diss/12.
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Male rat mating is a suite of individual behaviors mediated by the actions of two metabolites of testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and estradiol (E2), on the brain. Individually, neither metabolite fully maintains or restores mating in castrated males, but both combined are as effective as T. Two hormone-responsive areas of the brain, the medial preoptic area (MPO) and the medial amygdala (MEA), are crucial for mating. These studies ask: by what mechanism(s) does E2 act in the MPO and MEA? We blocked the conversion of T to E2 in the MEA of intact male rats and sexual behavior was not maintained. We then infused antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) to estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-á) mRNA bilaterally to the MPO or the MEA of intact male rats to block ER-á expression. ODN infusion of the MPO attenuated mating but infusion of the MEA had no effect. These results suggest that ER-á is the behaviorally relevant estrogen receptor (ER) in the MPO but not in the MEA. ER was originally described in the cytoplasm and nucleus of cells. Recently plasma membrane associated ERs (mER) have been reported. We conjugated E2 to Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA-E2), a large protein that will not penetrate the plasma membrane, thus restricting the action of E2 to mER, and chronically delivered it to the MPO and MEA. BSA-E2 maintained mating if put in the MPO, but not in the MEA, suggesting a surface action of E2 is sufficient in the MPO. The MPO and MEA are reciprocally connected and probably constitute elements of a larger, steroid-responsive neural network that mediates male mating behavior. To begin to describe this purported circuit, we injected Pseudorabies virus (PRV) into the prostate gland and dually labeled PRV-immunoreactive cells for ER or androgen receptors. We found dual labeling in a forebrain diencephalic circuit that includes the MPO, the medial preoptic nucleus, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, the zona incerta, the periaqueductal gray and other areas that presumably mediate both autonomic and motor aspects of male mating. Together, the results of these studies begin to elucidate locations and mechanisms of E2 mediation of male sexual behavior.
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Mathisen, Maria Kristin. "Benefits of Multiple Mating in guppy (Poecilia reticulata)". Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for biologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-21411.
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Collins, Douglas. "Competition between the mating types of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii". Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68160.
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Heterothallic, facultatively sexual populations are vulnerable to the loss of a mating type by natural selection during periods of asexual reproduction. Experiments are described which demonstrate a competitive difference between the mating types of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a unicellular green alga with two isogamous mating types, mt + and mt $-.$ When grown vegetatively under phototrophic (light) conditions, mt + outcompetes mt $-.$ Assays of the growth parameters of isolated spores suggest that mt + has a higher growth rate than mt $-$ in the light, and that mt $-$ has a higher growth rate than mt + in heterotrophic (dark) growth conditions.A literature review shows that sampling from natural populations of heterothallic, facultatively sexual species often yields only one mating type or significantly skewed mating-type distributions. This indicates that competition between mating types and the consequent loss of one mating type may be common in these populations.
A discussion of current theories on the evolution of heterothallism as well as the results of a simulation model reveal that heterothallism will spread if any fitness reduction is suffered by in-crossing homothallic individuals. However, fitness differences between the heterothallic alleles allow the invasion of a homothallic allele into a heterothallic population.
The implications of mating type competition on the maintenance and distribution of heterothallic populations in nature are discussed. It is argued that heterothallic, facultatively sexual populations commonly lose the potential for sex because of the loss of one mating-type allele. The prediction is made that homothallism is more common among facultatively sexual organisms than it is among obligately sexual organisms.
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Dyer, Paul Stanley. "Perithecial development in Nectria haematococca mating population VI". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386915.
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Anthony, Thomas Geoffrey. "Vector partitioning and mating patterns in 'Plasmodium falciparum'". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405564.
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Koutsou, A. "Planning motion in contact to achieve parts mating". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380432.
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O'Brien, Catherine Louise. "Mating interactions of schistosomes : biological and epidemiological consequences". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398033.
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Nixon, Julie. "A molecular analysis of fungal mating type genes". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15534.
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This work is concerned with the molecular analysis of ascomycete mating type genes of various Sordaria species. Work previously published has reported the cloning and characterisation of mating type genes from several Neurospora species. In heterothallic species the genotype at the mating type locus (mtA or mta) determines the mating type. Homothallic species, which proceed through the sexual cycle without the need to mate, have no obvious mating types but molecular analysis has been used to demonstrate the presence of mating type genes in species with this life cycle. Neurospora species and Sordaria species both belong to the Sordariaceae and are closely related. Several λ clones containing putative Sordaria mating type genes from heterothallic and homothallic species had been isolated previously using N. crassa mtA and mta probes. In this study the mtA-1 gene of the heterothallic species S. sclerogenia was subcloned from a λ clone and sequenced. The equivalent gene from S. equina (a homothallic species containing only the mtA sequence) was also subcloned and sequenced. A λ clone for the species S. fimicola was found to hybridise with both the mtA and mta probes. S. fimicola is a homothallic species containing mtA and mta in the same nucleus. On using the lambda clone it was found that the mtA and mta genes are linked in this species. All the Sordaria mtA-1 genes contained putative DNA binding domains, α domains. The mta-1 gene sequenced from s. fimicola contained a putative HMG box. The S. equina mtA-1 gene was expressed in a sterile N. crassa mta mutant and was found to restore mating type function to the mutant. The mtA-1 gene did not however confer homothallic behaviour on the recipient mutant. S. equina and S. sclerogenia contain a 59bp common region following on from the mtA-1 gene which is conserved in both these species and in Neurospora species. A variable region continues on from the common region in S. equina and S. sclerogenia and in Neuropora species.
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Evans, Gethin Meirion Vaughan. "Sexual conflict over mating in Lygaeus seed bugs". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5782.
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Sexual conflict has been proposed to be important for evolution, and is often implicated in population divergence and speciation through sexually antagonistic co-evolution (SAC). However, empirical tests of these ideas on field populations are few. How sexual conflict, and SAC, operates in the wild, remains an important unanswered question if we are to fully understand the role of sexual conflict in evolution in nature. Here, I studied sexual conflict over mating in the seed feeding bugs Lygaeus equestris and Lygaeus simulans. Firstly, I show that laboratory adapted populations of L. equestris that differ in the magnitude of sexual conflict also differ in aspects of their reproductive development and mating propensity, with the population displaying greater conflict load also mating more readily. Study of female receptivity to mating as an evolvable trait, that could be involved in conflict over mating, revealed moderate to low heritability at two age groups. To better understand variation in the expression of sexual conflict in the wild, field caught populations of L. equestris, ranging across its distribution, and also of its sister species, L. simulans, were assayed for the magnitude of sexual conflict over mating in common garden laboratory experiments. High female mating costs were apparent across the populations, but the magnitude of these costs did not vary. No consistent patterns of mating costs and life history variation were found however, arguing against close links between mating costs and life-history. Finally, I investigated whether populations displaying sexual conflict over mating have begun to diverge, and evolve reproductive isolation. I found no evidence of reproductive isolation, or variation in mating propensity, between populations of L. equestris when crossed in reciprocal no-choice mating trials. However, L. equestris and L. simulans did show pre-zygotic reproductive isolation albeit with asymmetries between the reciprocal crosses (L. simulans males were able to mate L. equestris females, but male L. equestris were largely unable to mate L. simulans females). As expected for close taxa that perhaps have not been diverged for long, pre-zygotic isolation was perhaps stronger than post-zygotic isolation, as F2 offspring were generated by some of the inter-specific crosses: gene flow can therefore occur between these species contrary to previous studies. My data suggest that sexual conflict over mating may reduce the likelihood of speciation through the evolution of male persistence, as well as promote it through population divergence.
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Kandrik, Michal. "Variation in men's mate preferences and mating strategies". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7965/.
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The vast majority of research investigating mating strategies and mate preferences focused on variation among and within women. However, there are strong theoretical reasons to expect systematic differences in men’s mating strategies and mate preferences as well. In this thesis I present four empirical chapters investigating variation in men’s mating strategies and face preferences. The first empirical chapter investigates the regional variation in men’s and women’s sociosexual orientation across US states, using improved measures of sociosexuality and multilevel modeling. I show that scarcity of female mates, but not health risks or wealth predict people’s sociosexual orientation. Women and men in states, where female mates were scarce reported being less willing to engage in uncommitted sexual relationships. In my second empirical chapter I present a study investigating the relationship between men’s hormone levels and men’s preferences for healthy color cues in faces. I show that men with the combination of high testosterone and low cortisol show the weakest preferences for yellower and darker skin; a color profile associated with carotenoid coloration. The third chapter tests for within-subject effects of hormones on men’s perceptions of vocal characteristics. I show that within-subject changes in men’s hormone levels were not associated with preferences for sexually dimorphic acoustic properties in women’s or men’s voices. In the final chapter I present a study testing for relationships between men’s facial appearance and their hormone levels and show that men’s rated facial dominance is lowest among men with high cortisol and low testosterone, but that men’s rated facial attractiveness and health are unrelated to their hormone levels. The findings of this thesis demonstrate that there is meaningful systematic variation in men’s mating strategies at a regional level and that men’s face preferences are associated with their trait hormone levels in an adaptive fashion. I also show that previously reported within-subject hormonal modulation of femininity preferences in human faces does not occur for human voices. Lastly the results of my final experimental chapter suggest that adult hormone levels may not be as important for men’s facial appearance as previously thought.
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Tcheslavskaia, Ksenia Sergeyevna. "Mating Success in Low-Density Gypsy Moth Populations". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27859.
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Field studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of mating disruption on the mating
success of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L), in low-density populations. The gypsy moth is
an insect pest of hardwood forests in many regions of the world. The discovery of the sex
pheromone disparlure (cis-7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane) produced by females marked the start
of a new era in the control and management of gypsy moth populations. Sex pheromones, like
disparlure, have been used for detecting new populations, monitoring the spread of populations
and for population control based on the disruption of mating communication. Although mating
disruption has been used against populations of insect pests in agricultural and forest systems,
considerable information about the use of this method for managing gypsy moths is still lacking.
Studies, therefore, were designed and carried out specifically to improve current understanding
of the mechanism of mating success, to evaluate existing techniques for mating disruption, and to
develop methods that would improve the application of pheromone used for mating disruption so
as to reduce the costs associated with the use of this management tactic.
The first study was conducted to compare the mating success and mortality of gypsy
moth females in low-density populations in Virginia and Wisconsin because of differences,
which have been observed in the population dynamics and the impact of management strategies
between these two states. The results suggested that the higher rate of population spread in
Wisconsin might be due to the increased mating success of females compared with Virginia,
which may be due in part to increased long-distance dispersal of males and increased longevity
of females.
The effect of artificial pheromone applied at various doses and formulations on mating
success in low-density gypsy moth populations also was studied. Dose-response relationships
were obtained for pheromone doses ranging from 0.15 to 75 g a.i./ha. The doses of 37.5 and 15 g
a.i./ha of pheromone were shown to effectively disrupt mating and, therefore, have been
recommended for operational use. The results also showed that the disruption of mating and
attraction of males to pheromone-baited traps as a result of application of pheromone formulated
in plastic flakes (Disrupt® II, Hercon Environmental, Emigsville, PA) was stronger and lasted
longer than for the pheromone formulated as microcapsule (3M Canada Co., London, Ontario,
Canada) and in liquid (Shin-Etsu Chemical Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan).
Another study was carried out to improve the use and efficacy of the pheromone for
mating disruption by reducing the amount of pheromone that was sprayed and the flight distance
during aerial application. This study showed that in mountainous landscapes the effect of
disparlure along the valley between mountains could be observed at a larger distance (633 ± 63
m) from the treated area than across the valley (104 ± 22m). In a relatively flat area, the effective
distance for mating disruption was similar to the effective distance across the valley in a
mountainous area (67 ± 17m). These dispersal characteristics of the pheromone provided further
evidence that it could be used effectively in mating disruption treatments.
Finally, a portable Electroantennogram (EAG) device was evaluated for its ability to
detect disparlure sprayed for mating disruption in gypsy moth populations. The study found no
relationship between the dose of artificial airborne pheromone and response of gypsy moth
antenna as measured by the voltage ratio. The inability to detect differences between airborne
pheromone concentrations in the plots treated for mating disruption might have been due to high
variability among antennae and also by the inability of the EAG device to detect the low
concentration of airborne pheromone used operationally for mating disruption. Further studies
are required to improve the sensitivity of the portable EAG device before it can be recommended
for use in the field.Ph. D.
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Jones, Kelly Marie. "Mating behavior of two populations of Drosophila melanogaster". [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0014268.
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