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Emmanuel, Elizabeth Noela. "Maternal role development: the influence of maternal distress following childbirth". Thesis, Lambert Publishing, 2005. https://www120.secure.griffith.edu.au/rch/items/5d031f29-35cc-ce62-a394-0b1055800da1/1/.
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Little is known about the relationship between maternal role development and maternal distress following childbirth. Initial work on maternal role development (MRD) was undertaken three decades ago, and despite many changes to maternity care delivery and to society more generally, the relevance of MRD to contemporary birthing women has not been assessed. MRD may be influenced by a number of factors. Of particular interest to this thesis is emotional distress. Maternal distress may manifest itself as depression and anxiety, but has not been well described in the literature. Feelings of distress may adversely affect women's adaptation to motherhood. This study therefore, aimed to examine MRD and the influence of maternal distress following childbirth.
A longitudinal prospective study with a cohort of 614 women was conducted and data collected at 36 weeks gestation and at six and 12 weeks following childbirth. MRD was measured using a revised standardised tool, the What Being the Parent of a Baby is Like (WPL-R) (Pridham & Chang, 1989). Maternal distress was measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) (Cox, Holden & Sagovsky, 1987) with a score of plus or minus 10.
Analysis confirmed significant changes in MRD subscale scores across time. The main difference was in self-perceptions of parenting (F (2, 390) = 25.2, p less than .001) accounting for 11.4% of variance. Changes as a person, in lifestyle and relationships and the importance and priority of the infant in the mother's life were noted, particularly in women who reported low and moderate expectations of motherhood.
Incidence of maternal distress was 42% (n = 252) of women at 36 weeks gestation, which decreased to 19.2% (n = 97) at six weeks following childbirth, and 15.5% (n = 73) at 12 weeks postpartum. This effect across time was significant (F (2, 918) = 174.9, p less than .001) and accounted for 27.6% of variance when tracking the incidence of maternal distress from pregnancy to the postpartum period.
MRD was associated with maternal distress across time. At 36 weeks gestation, overall maternal expectations were correlated with maternal distress (r = .20, p less than .001) whilst at six and 12 weeks postpartum, analysis yielded negative associations between self-perceptions of parenting and maternal distress, and positive associations between changes as a person, in lifestyle, and in relationships and maternal distress.
The results of the present study provide a better understanding of the experiences and perceptions of contemporary birthing women that differed from original conceptualisations. MRD, although similar to initial proposed theoretical constructs, takes longer than previously thought. The present study also confirmed previous propositions that motherhood for many women in contemporary society is distressing.
Studies on MRD enable us to better understand how women respond to the difficulties of motherhood over time. Health care services need to provide greater support for mothers by recognising the challenges of childbearing and the intensity and demands of motherhood. Midwives need to re-examine their practice and support women from a fresh perspective. This view entails an appreciation of a high proportion of women reporting distress symptoms; assessing for risk, particularly in relation to domestic violence; and fostering social support, which was found to be an important mediator for MRD.
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Emmanuel, Elizabeth Noela. "Maternal Role Development: The Influence of Maternal Distress Following Childbirth". Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367379.
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Little is known about the relationship between maternal role development and maternal distress following childbirth. Initial work on maternal role development (MRD) was undertaken three decades ago, and despite many changes to maternity care delivery and to society more generally, the relevance of MRD to contemporary birthing women has not been assessed. MRD may be influenced by a number of factors. Of particular interest to this thesis is emotional distress. Maternal distress may manifest itself as depression and anxiety, but has not been well described in the literature. Feelings of distress may adversely affect women's adaptation to motherhood. This study therefore, aimed to examine MRD and the influence of maternal distress following childbirth. A longitudinal prospective study with a cohort of 614 women was conducted and data collected at 36 weeks gestation and at six and 12 weeks following childbirth. MRD was measured using a revised standardised tool, the What Being the Parent of a Baby is Like (WPL-R) (Pridham & Chang, 1989). Maternal distress was measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) (Cox, Holden & Sagovsky, 1987) with a score of plus or minus 10. Analysis confirmed significant changes in MRD subscale scores across time. The main difference was in self-perceptions of parenting (F (2, 390) = 25.2, p less than .001) accounting for 11.4% of variance. Changes as a person, in lifestyle and relationships and the importance and priority of the infant in the mother's life were noted, particularly in women who reported low and moderate expectations of motherhood.
Incidence of maternal distress was 42% (n = 252) of women at 36 weeks gestation, which decreased to 19.2% (n = 97) at six weeks following childbirth, and 15.5% (n = 73) at 12 weeks postpartum. This effect across time was significant (F (2, 918) = 174.9, p less than .001) and accounted for 27.6% of variance when tracking the incidence of maternal distress from pregnancy to the postpartum period. MRD was associated with maternal distress across time. At 36 weeks gestation, overall maternal expectations were correlated with maternal distress (r = .20, p less than .001) whilst at six and 12 weeks postpartum, analysis yielded negative associations between self-perceptions of parenting and maternal distress, and positive associations between changes as a person, in lifestyle, and in relationships and maternal distress. The results of the present study provide a better understanding of the experiences and perceptions of contemporary birthing women that differed from original conceptualisations. MRD, although similar to initial proposed theoretical constructs, takes longer than previously thought. The present study also confirmed previous propositions that motherhood for many women in contemporary society is distressing.
Studies on MRD enable us to better understand how women respond to the difficulties of motherhood over time. Health care services need to provide greater support for mothers by recognising the challenges of childbearing and the intensity and demands of motherhood. Midwives need to re-examine their practice and support women from a fresh perspective. This view entails an appreciation of a high proportion of women reporting distress symptoms; assessing for risk, particularly in relation to domestic violence; and fostering social support, which was found to be an important mediator for MRD.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Nursing
Full Text
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Brouse, Anne Jenise. "Easing the transition to the maternal role". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24412.
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This study was conducted to determine if a nursing intervention designed to teach primiparas about their infants' behaviors and abilities would ease their transition to the maternal role. Data were collected at three days and three weeks postpartum from a relatively homogeneous sample of 16 control mothers and 15 experimental mothers. The intervention was presented to each experimental participant on the third postpartum day. Effectiveness of the intervention was determined by measuring maternal anxiety, using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Speilberger et al., 1970) and concern about infant care and adjustment to the maternal life style, using the Postnatal Research Inventory (Schaefer & Mannheimer, 1960) revised by Ellis and Hewat (1982). Additional data were also collected from hospital records, a demographic questionnaire, and an informal interview conducted at three weeks postpartum. Although the outcome measures demonstrated no statistically significant differences, the conclusions support the need for a predictive framework which would help nurses identify mothers who may have difficulty during role transition and therefore may benefit from role supplementation.Applied Science, Faculty of
Nursing, School of
Graduate
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LoCascio, Stephanie. "Maternal employment: Factors related to role strain". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12156/.
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Past literature suggests that working mothers are at an increased risk for experiencing role strain compared to other employed adults. The current study investigated attitudes and beliefs of 783 working mothers of 15-month-old children using data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development's Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. Working mothers' levels of role strain was associated with perceived social support, attitudes toward maternal employment, job and parental role quality, financial stress, and depression. Negative attitudes toward maternal employment predicted maternal separation anxiety, while positive attitudes toward employment did not affect separation anxiety. These findings have implications for the importance of decreasing role strain in working mothers.
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LoCascio, Stephanie Nievar Angela M. "Maternal employment factors related to role strain /". [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2009. http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12156.
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Camba-Colón, Joanna Irene Rosa. "Role of the maternal liver in lactating mice". Diss., [Riverside, Calif.] : University of California, Riverside, 2010. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=2019822721&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1274111729&clientId=48051.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2010.Includes abstract. Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Title from first page of PDF file (viewed May 17, 2010). Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in print.
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Houston, Kelly Charlene. "Maternal prenatal attachment : the role of predictive factors". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421025.
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AlBanna, Badia Sami. "The connection between maternal depressive symptoms and maternal insensitivity the mediating or moderating role of maternal perception of the infant /". College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2959.
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Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Psychology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Dahl, Rebecca Wade 1957. "Maternal depression and its relationship to maternal role-taking, infant-related stressors, and spousal support". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558110.
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Shrestha, Nirajan. "Role of High Maternal Linoleic Acid on Offspring Health". Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/403638.
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Maternal nutrition during pregnancy plays a critical role in the adult-onset of disease in a mother’s children. The first 1000 days, spanning from conception to two years of life, are an important period when appropriate nutritional needs must be ensured for long-term health. Studies have shown that inadequate nutritional condition in utero and early life increases the risk of developing chronic conditions later in life. In recent years, the intake of linoleic acid (LA) has increased gradually in human populations, due to changes in a dietary pattern that have resulted in increased consumption of vegetable oils and foods processed in vegetable oils. LA is an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-6 PUFA), which is an essential fatty acid required in the human diet. LA plays a vital role in fetal growth and development. Even though LA is essential in our diet, studies have raised concern over its beneficial effect, as excess LA is shown to have pro-inflammatory characteristics. In addition, the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio should be balanced in the diet however, increased consumption of n-6 PUFA and limited consumption of n-3 PUFA perturb the optimal balance of n-6 and n-3 PUFA in the Westernized diet. There are conflicting findings on the effect of increased LA in human health. Further, as women of reproductive age have increased their consumption of LA, the effect of increased maternal LA on offspring risk of developing metabolic diseases is yet to be determined. This thesis aimed to investigate the effect of a maternal diet high in LA on maternal physiology, fetal growth, placental function, and offspring metabolic outcomes.
Wistar Kyoto female rats were fed with either low LA diet (LLA; 1.44% of energy from LA) or a high LA diet (HLA; 6.21% of energy from LA) for 10 weeks before pregnancy. The total fat and n-3 PUFA content were matched in the experimental diet. Respective diets were fed during pregnancy and pregnant females were sacrificed at gestation day 20 (E20). For the animal model to study the effect on offspring, they were weaned at postnatal day (PN) 25 and exposed to either LLA or HLA postnatal diet until sacrifice. Offspring were sacrificed at PN40 to study the effect of maternal HLA during adolescence, and at PN180 to study its effect during adulthood. To investigate the effect of LA in a human placental cell line, LA was treated in the Swan71 cells for 24 hours.
The major finding of the thesis was that maternal HLA diet decreased total n-3 PUFA and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) in the plasma of dams and her offspring, during embryonic development, adolescence and adulthood. Postnatal HLA diet had a greater impact on fatty acid composition rather than maternal diet in adult offspring. Maternal HLA diet decreased the circulating concentration of leptin in the dams and had a sex-specific effect on the plasma leptin in the offspring. The decreased concentration of plasma leptin in the dams was accompanied by downregulation of mRNA expression of the leptin gene in the maternal white adipose tissue. Furthermore, maternal HLA diet increased prostaglandin E metabolite in the maternal circulation and altered the inflammatory mediators in the maternal liver. Interestingly, maternal HLA diet decreased the proportion of male fetuses. Furthermore, maternal HLA diet decreased blood total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol in the dams and adolescent female offspring. Postnatal HLA diet decreased blood total cholesterol and HDLcholesterol in male offspring. Also, maternal and postnatal HLA diet altered the cardiac function in the adolescent offspring and expression of genes related to hepatic lipid metabolism in adult offspring in a sex-specific manner.
In conclusion, the findings presented in this thesis suggested that the maternal diet high in LA during pregnancy alters the parameters related to metabolic function in the offspring. These findings further support the previous research about the controversial role of LA in inflammatory responses and lipids. The data obtained from this thesis expanded our knowledge on the role of a maternal and postnatal diet high in LA on offspring lipid metabolism. The change in the circulating leptin concentrations in both the mother and offspring without a change in body weight and fat mass suggests the role of leptin in developmental programming is independent of adiposity. Future studies are needed to identify the molecular mechanism underlying the relation between LA and leptin in developmental programming.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Medical Science
Griffith Health
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MacMartin, Lisa M. "Child adjustment difficulties and maternal depressive symptoms, the father's role". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq23402.pdf.
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Triantafyllou, Kalliopi. "Adolescent internalising disorders : the role of maternal and adolescent cognitions". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/adolescent-internalising-disorders-the-role-of-maternal-and-adolescent-cognitions(0b306cf1-e6da-4584-877b-a88a36358492).html.
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Anxiety and depression are among the most common psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence (Costello, Egger, & Angold, 2005). Although the parental environment appears to play a role in the development of emotional disorders (e.g., Abramson & Alloy, 2006), cognitive styles within the families of adolescents with internalising disorders have received little attention. The main aim of this thesis was to increase the understanding of maternal cognitions in relation to internalising disorders experienced by adolescents. Specifically, maternal attributional style, catastrophic worries, selective attention and perceptions of adolescents' social competence were examined through a combination of cross-sectional, correlational and experimental designs in the programme of five studies conducted with a clinical sample. Three groups of adolescents and their mothers participated in the studies: adolescents with clinical internalising disorders, adolescents with clinical externalising disorders and a non-referred group of school-children along with their mothers. In support of the hypotheses, mothers of adolescents with clinical internalising disorders had more negative attributional biases than the mothers in the two control groups. When parental attributions were examined from the child's perspective, adolescents in the clinical internalising group perceived that their parents had more negative attributions than both control groups. Examination of maternal evaluations of adolescents' social skills, revealed that even though adolescents did not have social deficits according to objective ratings, mothers of adolescents with internalising disorders underestimated the performance of their children compared to the non-referred control group. Significant relationships were found between maternal and adolescent attributions and perceptions of social competence, suggesting a link between maternal and adolescent cognitive style. Furthermore, mothers of the clinical internalising group produced a greater number of worries which were more catastrophic in content than mothers in the control groups. Contrary to predictions, mothers of adolescents with clinical internalising disorders did not selectively attend to threatening information related to adolescents' behaviours. Analyses using combined data from the four studies that showed significant relationships provided evidence that different cognitions in mothers and their children are interrelated, highlighting the importance of interactions between various cognitions within the family. Additionally, attributional style, catastrophic worries and negative perceptions were found to discriminate families with adolescents with internalising disorders from those with adolescents with externalising disorders or non-referred adolescents. The studies included in this thesis extend the current literature on maternal cognitions and adolescent internalising disorders and suggest that mothers of adolescents with internalising disorders are characterised by cognitive biases that should be taken into consideration in both research and clinical practice.
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Bonometti, Susana. "Equine Trophectoderm Cells and Their Role in Fetal-Maternal Recognition". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/86784.
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Establishment and maintenance of a successful pregnancy requires signaling from the embryo to the mare, a process known as maternal recognition. Six days after fertilization, the trophectoderm (TE), a placenta precursor is formed. Signals emanating from the TE to the uterine environment are critical to maternal recognition of pregnancy. The identity of factors necessary for this process remain unknown. A novel equine induced trophoblast cell line (iTr) that closely mimics the genotype and phenotype of native equine TE was created. Transcriptome analysis of iTr revealed increased expression of growth factor (GF) receptors for Epidermal GF (EGF), Hepatocyte GF (HGF), Fibroblast GF-2 (FGF-2) and Insulin GF (IGF-1), suggesting these GF may be important targets during TE development in the early embryo. We hypothesized that treatment of iTr cells with these GF would induce changes in cell proliferation and expression of genes likely involved in maternal recognition. The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effect of these GFs on iTr mitotic response and regulation of genes involved in steroidogenesis.
Equine iTr cells (n = 3) were cultured with 10 ng/mL EGF, HGF, FGF-2 or IGF-1 for 24 hr, with 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) supplementation during the final 2 hr. Subsequently, cells were fixed and EdU positive and total nuclei were enumerated. A parallel plate of iTr cells was treated in a similar manner and lysed for total RNA isolation. Quantitative PCR using gene-specific primers for CYP11A1, PTGS2, PTGES2, and PTGES3 was performed. Data were analyzed by ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc adjustment using the GLM procedure of SAS. Treatment with EGF, FGF-2, HGF, and IGF-1 increased (P < 0.05) iTr proliferation from control levels of 25.33 ± 1.03% to 38.58 ± 1.61%, 45.50 ± 2.94%, and 38.23 ± 2.01% respectively. The 2-ΔΔCT method was used to calculate the fold change (FC) using GAPDH as the reference gene for normalization. Expression of CYP11A2, PTGES2, and PTGES3 was not affected by GF, as measured by qPCR. By contrast, PTGS2 transcript abundance increased (P < 0.05) following FGF-2 (FC = 3.327 ± 0.8291) and HGF (FC = 11.88 ± 4.572) treatment. These results indicate that FGF-2 and HGF may simultaneously induce proliferation and prostaglandin production by TE cells. The combined results of these experiments will improve our understanding of TE morphogenesis and its response to uterine-derived growth factors.Master of Science
Establishment and maintenance of a pregnancy requires that the mare uterus recognize the presence of the embryo, a process known as maternal recognition of pregnancy. The trophectoderm (TE) are cells on the outer layer of the embryo formed six days after fertilization, which later give origin to the placenta. The TE sends signals from the embryo to the uterus, that are very important for the mare’s recognition of the embryo’s presence. The specific nature of these signals are still unknown in the horse. A cell line (iTr) very similar in aspect and genes to the horse’s native TE has been created in our laboratory. A set of comparative assays have showed that, during the developmental stage of maternal recognition, both the horse TE and the iTr cells share significant identity, and have receptors for the same set of growth factors (GF), suggesting these GF are important for early embryo development and potentially involved in the signaling process of maternal recognition. We proposed that treatment with these GF would induce iTr cells to proliferate and express signals likely involved in maternal recognition in horses. The objectives of this experiments were to evaluate the effect of EGF, HGF, FGF-2 and IGF-1 on iTr cells by measuring proliferation and cellular mechanisms of maternal recognition already established in in other species. Equine iTr cells were cultured with different GF and right before analysis a fluorescent dye that stain dividing cells was added in order to measure the proliferation. Equivalent cell cultures were used to evaluate if the treatment affected the production of hormones involved in signaling maternal recognition. Treatment with all GF induced higher cell proliferation, but HGF also increased the production of one enzyme that participates in producing a very important hormone (prostaglandin E2). The combined results of these experiments add to our understanding of maternal recognition in horses.
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McBride, Mallory Casey. "Maternal depression and child maladjustment the role of parental style /". [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-12062008-091608/.
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Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Montana, 2008.Title from author supplied metadata. Description based on contents viewed on July 6, 2009. Includes bibliographical references. Includes bibliographical references (p. 42-45).
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Zenclussen, Maria Laura. "Role of Heme oxygenase-1 in the feto-maternal tolerance". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15948.
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Die Schwangerschaft ist ein komplexes Phänomen, bei dem es zu einer Interaktion zwischen dem mütterlichen Immunsystem und dem Fetus kommt. An der feto-maternalen Grenze kommt es zur Auslösung einer inflammatorischen Reaktion, die für eine normale Implantation und Schwangerschaft notwendig ist. Allerdings kann eine exzessive Entzündungsreaktion zu Schwangerschaftskomplikationen wie dem immunologisch vermittelten Sponatanabort füh-ren. Das zytoprotektive Enzym Hämoxygenase-1 (HO-1) spielt eine sehr wichtige Rolle bei der Kontrolle inflammatorischer Reaktionen. Inwiefern HO-1 für das Gelingen und Bestehen einer Schwangerschaft unabdingbar ist, wurde bisher nicht untersucht. Unsere Hypothese ist, dass HO-1 eine bedeutsame Rolle während der Schwangerschaft spielt. Die Beantwortung dieser wichtigen Frage ist deshalb Hauptziel dieser Dissertation. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass eine spezifische Hochregulation des HO-1 Moleküls mittels Gentherapie in einem Mausmodell für Spontanabort zur signifikanten Reduktion der Abortra-te führte. Dieser protektive Effekt war mit einer erhöhten Th2/Th1 Zytokinen-Ratio und mit verminderter Apoptose assoziiert. Ein weiteres Teilziel dieser Arbeit bestand darin, die Rolle des HO-1 Moleküls während der Plazentation zu untersuchen. Dafür wurde eine Trophoblastenstammzelllinie benutzt, die in der Lage ist, zu Riesenzellen zu differenzieren. Die mittels Zinkprotoporphyrin (ZnPPIX) induzierte Expressionssuppression von HO-1 führte zur Verminderung der Überlebensrate von Trophoblastenstammzellen und zur Hemmung von deren Ausdifferenzierung in Trophoblastenriesenzellen. Um die Rolle des HO-1 Moleküls in anderen Schwangerschaftsprozessen zu untersuchen, wurden Hämoxygenase-1 defiziente (Hmox1-/-) Mäuse benutzt. Da die Verpaarung von Hmox1-/- Mäuse zu keinem erfolgreichen Abkömmling führt, war ein weiteres Teilziel dieser Arbeit gewesen, den zu Grunde liegenden Mechanismus aufzuklären. Es zeigte sich, dass Hmox1-/- Weibchen im Vergleich zu den Hmox1+/+ Weibchen weniger Oozyten produzieren. Auch konnten die Hmox1-/- Oozyten weniger erfolgreich als die Hmox1+/+ Oozyten fertili-ziert werden. Verschiedene Verpaarungsexperimente mit Hmox1+/+, Hmox1+/- und Hmox1-/- Mäusen ergaben einen indirekt proportionalen Zusammenhang zwischen HO-1 Expression und Aborthäufigkeit. Die hier gewonnenen Daten deuten daraufhin, dass HO-1 eine entscheidene Rolle in der Schwangerschaft spielt. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse tragen zum Verständnis der Pathologie des immunologisch vermittelten Spontaborts bei und können darüber hinaus helfen neue Be-handlungsstrategien gegen diese gefürchtete Schwangerschaftskomplikation zu entwickeln.Mammalian pregnancy is a parabiotic union of two genetically different individuals, the fetus and the mother. At the feto-maternal interface, inflammatory processes can occur due to an immune reaction against alloantigens. It is known that some degree of systemic or uterine inflammation is necessary for both normal implantation and pregnancy. However, if this in-flammation becomes too excessive it can cause pregnancy complications such as abortion. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the enzyme responsible for the degradation of free heme, plays a key role in inflammatory processes. Viewing pregnancy mainly as an inflammatory process had led us to the idea that HO-1 may play an important role in pregnancy. Therefore, the main aim of this work was to analyze the role of HO-1 in the different processes related to preg-nancy by means of functional studies employing in vivo as well as in vitro models. First, we could show that a specific up-regulation of HO-1 in abortion-prone animals by means of an adenoviral vector is able to reduce the abortion rate. This HO-1 up-regulation improved pregnancy outcome by up-regulating the Th2/Th1 cytokines ratio and protecting tissues from apoptosis, suggesting an important role of HO-1 in pregnancy. In a second part of the work, we aimed to analyze the role of HO-1 in placentation. For that, a trophoblast stem cell line capable of differentiate into trophoblast giant cells was used. Inter-estingly, a down-regulation of HO-1 by means of ZnPPIX led to diminished survival of the trophoblast stem cells. Furthermore, these cells were unable to differentiate into trophoblast giant cells in the absence of HO-1, strongly suggesting a crucial role of HO-1 in placentation. Finally, a closer look into the role of HO-1 in pregnancy was performed by using heme oxy-genase-1 deficient mice (Hmox1-/- mice). Interestingly, Hmox1-/- females produce much less oocytes than wild type females. Analyses of the ovaries of both types of females showed dif-ferences in follicle development. Furthermore, when fertilized in vitro, a significant diminu-tion in the fertilization rate of Hmox1-/- oocytes when compared to Hmox1+/+ oocytes was found. Since the mating of Hmox1-/- mice does not yield progeny, we also aimed to clarify whether this is due to problems in the female, in the male or in both. For this, different mating combinations of mice partially or totally deficient in Hmox1 were performed. The analysis of the pregnancy outcome showed that, the less HO-1 in the combination, the higher the fetal rejection. In summary, a central role of HO-1 in different processes of reproduction could be demon-strated in this work which helps understanding the mechanisms behind pregnancy success.
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Pederzoli, Aquinoã Abigail. "Papai ou mamãe? Uma discussão dos papéis parentais em homens trans que engravidaram". Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47134/tde-05102017-163346/.
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O presente texto consiste em uma apresentação de reflexões acerca da problemática da utilização ora do aspecto substancializante do gênero ora da identidade de gênero como critério para discernir e decidir as práticas parentais. Tomando a experiência trans como recorte empírico, desenvolverei uma reflexão sobre como o gênero se articula com o desempenho parental, dentro de um contexto de legitimação social e política. A ideia central do texto é problematizar as parentalidades trans em sua relação com o gênero, analisando as concepções de paternidade e maternidade que perpassam a experiência gestacional. Teoricamente, de um lado, pretendemos discutir a possibilidade da parentalidade ser um ato performativo, utilizando a teoria de performatividade de Butler e fazendo aproximações das discussões sobre funções materna e paterna propostas por Lacan. De outro lado, utilizaremos os conceitos de performatividade e paródia como uma proposta que escapa ao discurso heteronormativo. Para tanto, foram utilizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com homens trans. O fenômeno trans joga com a produção e recriação de novas relações sociais. Torna-se possível reinventar as relações de gênero dentro de um domínio heterossexual, fazendo-nos questionar a binariedade a que o sistema sexo/gênero está submetido, porém a parentalidade é ainda reconhecida por uma assimetria de gênero: o pai e a mãeThis study aims at presenting reflections on the problematic use of the substantial aspect of gender as well as gender identity as a criterion for discerning and deciding parental practices. Taking the transgender experience as the empirical excerpt, a reflection on how gender articulates with parental performance within a context of social and political legitimacy will be developed. The main idea of the text is to problematize the transgender parenting in its relationship with gender, analyzing the conceptions of paternity and maternity that permeate a gestational experience. Theoretically, we intend to discuss the possibility of parenting as being a performative act, using Butlers performativity theory and linking it with discussions about the maternal and paternal role proposed by Lacan. On the other hand, the concepts of performativity and parody as a proposal that escapes heteronormative discourse will be used. For that matter, semi-structured interviews with transgender men were used. The trans phenomenon plays with the production and re-creation of new social relations. It becomes possible to reinvent the gender relations within a heterosexual domain, making us question the binarity to which the sex / gender system is submitted, being represented by the gender asymmetry in parenthood: the father and the mother
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Blake, Thomas W. Silverstein Marc. "Staging and upstaging revolt the maternal function in twentieth century drama /". Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1811.
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Tan, Lin. "Cross-Cultural Differences in the Determinants of Maternal Emotion Coaching: Role of Maternal Emotional Awareness and Emotion Regulation". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77541.
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Despite many positive outcomes associated with emotion coaching, factors related to individual differences in emotion coaching have yet to be explored. The current study examined cultural differences in the role of maternal characteristics, specifically emotional awareness and emotion regulation, as determinants of emotion coaching. These findings will facilitate culturally desired emotion socialization practices leading to optimal emotional development of children.
In the current study, I translated two English-based questionnaires into Chinese to assess maternal emotional awareness and emotion coaching. Next, I examined relations of reappraisal, suppression, and emotional awareness to maternal emotion coaching. I also investigated the role of maternal emotional awareness as a mediator in the relation of maternal use of reappraisal and suppression to maternal emotion coaching in both Chinese and American cultures.
Participants included American (n=164) and 163 Chinese (n=163) mothers. Maternal emotional awareness was measured using subscales of Toronto Alexithymia Scale 20 and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Emotion regulation strategies were assessed using Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. To measure emotion coaching, mothers completed Parents' Beliefs about Children's Emotions questionnaire. Structural equation models were estimated to examine how maternal emotional awareness and emotion regulation related to emotion coaching.
Results confirmed the reliability and validity of the Chinese questionnaires. Maternal emotion coaching did not include mothers' views about negative emotions because equivalence could not be established across Chinese and American cultures; therefore, the emotion coaching discussed in this study is different from previous research on emotion coaching that typically involves responses to negative emotions. Maternal emotional awareness was associated with their emotion coaching in both samples and the strength of the association was not different across cultures. However, relations of reappraisal and suppression to emotional awareness and emotion coaching were different across Chinese and American samples. Emotional awareness mediated the relation of reappraisal to emotion coaching only in the American sample. Additionally, emotional awareness was a mediator of the relation of suppression to emotion coaching in both samples. Overall, the findings of this study supported that maternal emotional awareness and use of emotion regulation strategies are important determinants of maternal emotion coaching in both cultures.Ph. D.
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Kutzer, Roxanne. "Maternal and professional identity change during the transition to motherhood". Thesis, Cranfield University, 2013. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8064.
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Becoming a mother derails many women’s chances for career progression. One reason for this is that women leave organisations when they become mothers, or reduce their working hours. Another reason is that people within the organisation start to view them as less career-orientated as a result of being mothers. At the core of this issue is that who a woman is – her identity – is being redefined in the transition to motherhood, by herself and by those around her. But, little is known about how her professional identity develops during the transition to motherhood, or whether its development is related to her growing maternal identity. This paper, therefore, presents a systematic review of the literature concerning changes in maternal and professional identities, as well as the relationship between them. Based on the evidence, this review concludes that although the development of maternal identity has been well documented in the literature, little is known about how a woman’s professional identity develops, as she becomes a mother. Suggestions for further research and practice are discussed.
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Ware, Julie, Anna Morad i Karen E. Schetzina. "The Pediatrician’s Role in Breastfeeding". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5017.
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AKHTER, FERDOUSI, i none. "THE ROLE OF FAMILY PLANNING IN REDUCING MATERNAL MORTALITY IN BANGLADESH". Flinders University. Women's Studies Department, 2008. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20090923.134605.
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The main objective of the study is to analyze the role of family planning program in reducing maternal mortality in Bangladesh. A conceptual framework has been developed in which family planning is shown to be integrated in reducing maternal mortality. This study found that the risk factors of maternal mortality e.g. unwanted pregnancy, high parity, and early and old age at child birth still prevail in Bangladesh. It is hypothesized that the prevalence of these factors can be substantially reduced by a proper practice of family planning. There is a high level of unmet need for family planning Bangladesh, and its removal will substantially help in reducing maternal mortality in the country.
The risk factors of maternal mortality are strongly associated with lack of family planning practice and other socio-economic and demographic background characteristics of women. By using data from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) of 2004 and the Bangladesh Maternal Health and Maternal Mortality Survey (BMMS) of 2001 the study has analyzed the relationship of the risk factors of maternal mortality, namely wantedness of pregnancy, age at child birth, parity and birth interval with various socio-demographic factors. The analysis has shown that use status of family planning is influenced by the risk factors of maternal mortality. Wantedness of pregnancy has been found to be significantly related with age at birth, parity and birth interval. It has been also found that the risk factors of maternal mortality also affect on antenatal care.
The study has identified some policy implications regarding family planning and maternal mortality, and has made appropriate recommendations. One of the major aspects of the strategies to reduce maternal mortality through family planning is to provide family planning services to all women, regardless of any group affiliation. Fulfilment of unmet for family planning has been recommended as an important strategy to reduce maternal mortality in the country. It addition, it is also recommended to raise the age at marriage and child birth, to space births and to limit family size by empowering women through education.
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Gaudet, Laura. "Macrosomia and Related Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: The Role of Maternal Obesity". Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/22802.
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Fetal overgrowth is associated with adverse outcomes for offspring and with maternal obesity. Results from a systematic review and meta-analysis showed that maternal obesity is associated with fetal overgrowth, defined as birthweight ≥4000g (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.92, 2.45), birthweight ≥4500g (OR 2.77, 95% CI 2.22, 3.45) and birthweight ≥90%ile for gestational age (OR 2.42, 95% CI 2.16, 2.72). A retrospective cohort study revealed that mothers whose infants are macrosomic are more likely to require induction of labour (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.10-1.98) and delivery by Cesarean section (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.04-2.01), particularly for maternal indications (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.47-9.34), if they are obese. Infants from these pregnancies are significantly more likely to require neonatal resuscitation in the form of free flow oxygen (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.03, 2.42) than macrosomic infants of non-obese mothers. Thus, co-existing maternal obesity and macrosomia increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Bagot, Catherine Nancy. "An investigation of the role of maternal hoxiao in embryonic implantation". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250192.
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Wang, Charlotte I. (Charlotte I.-Ting). "The role of nanos in maternal specification of abdomen in Drosophila". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32644.
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Hruska, Laura C. "Co-rumination in Mother-Adolescent Dyads: The Role of Maternal Depression". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1428264053.
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Windham, Amy M. "Pathways to problem drug use the role of early maternal nurturing /". Available to US Hopkins community, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/dlnow/3068230.
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Raudino, Alessandra. "Anxiety in Italian and British children:the role of maternal parenting behaviours". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426548.
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Parents may influence children’s externalizing and internalizing behaviours through controlling and responsive parenting. The first construct refers to the extent to which parents show control and intrusiveness, imposing their agenda, not granting autonomy and taking over tasks children do (or might do) independently.
Responsiveness refers to the extent to which parents are warm, accepting and responsive towards their children. Despite the vast amount of research on parenting behaviour and children’s internalizing behaviours and externalizing problems,
several questions still remain. In particular the role of culture and national context in affecting the impact of parenting behaviour on children problems are not well understood, especially across different European countries. Thus the central
purpose of the present study was to examine the associations between parenting behaviour, in particular intrusive and warm behaviours, on child anxiety and self regulation problems in a sample of British and Italian school aged children (49 and
60 children respectively). Children’s anxiety and behavioural adjustment were measured, in school, using the Spence Anxiety Assessment Scale, SCAS (Spence, 1997) and the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire SDQ (Goodman, 1997).
Then a home visit was made where the mother and child were filmed in three different standard tasks (the etch-a-sketch task, the belt buckle task and the tidy up task). These videos were coded (blind to child and maternal anxiety) by three
independent judges. The relationship between child anxiety (especially separation anxiety), maternal intrusiveness, warmth and country of origin was examined.
Findings suggest that maternal child rearing practices are strong influenced by culture, with the strongest finding that Italian mothers are more intrusive and overcontrolling compared with English mothers, both on self report and observational
measures. No main effect of country of origin was found to affect child anxiety assessed with self report measures. Maternal intrusiveness was found to be specifically linked to separation anxiety and not with other kinds of anxiety disorders in children. Maternal warmth, a particular characteristic of the Italian
mothers, was found to moderate the impact of maternal intrusiveness on child internalizing and externalizing symptoms (high maternal warmth reducing the negative impact of intrusiveness). The role of warmth in different cultures and its
particular contribution in protecting the child from internalizing and externalizing problems are discussed. These findings suggest that, from the perspective of treatment for child anxiety symptoms, clinicians should focus not only on potential
parental intrusiveness but also on the affective aspects of the mother-child relationshipGli stili parentali possono essere determinanti nello sviluppo dei disturbi internalizzati ed esternalizzati nei bambini. Il controllo e l’intrusivita’ parentale si riferiscono all’incapacita’ da parte della madre di elargire una giusta dose di autonomia al bambino mantenendo degli atteggiamenti infatilizzanti. La responsivita’ materna concerne invece la capacita’ materna di dimostrare calore e sintonizzazione nei confronti del suo bambino. Malgrado siano stati fatti notevoli sforzi nella ricerca sui disturbi internalizzati ed esternalizzati dello sviluppo in relazione agli stili parentali materni, molte questioni rimangono ancora aperte. In particolare il ruolo della cultura ed il suo impatto sugli stili parentali in differenti paesi Europei richiede ancora ulteriori e specifiche investigazioni. L’obiettivo principale del presente lavoro e’ stato quello di esaminare la relazione tra stili parentali, in particolare calore e intrusivita’, e distrurbi d’ansia e problemi esternalizzati dello sviluppo in un campione di 109 bambini dagli 8 ai 10 anni (60 Italiani e 49 Inglesi, rispettivamente). I problemi di ansia e di comportamento sono stati rilevati, nelle scuole, attraverso la somministrazione di due self-report la SCAS, Spence Anxiety Assessment Scale (Spence, 1997) e lo Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire SDQ (Goodman, 1997). Successivamente e’ stata condotta un visita a casa, in cui madre e bambino sono stati videoregistrati durante l’esecuzione di 3 diversi compiti (l’etch-a-sketch task, il belt buckle task ed il tidy up task). I video sono stati codificati da tre giudici indipendenti. E’ stata presa in considerazione la relazione tra l’ansia infantile (in particolare l’ansia di separazione), il calore e l’intrusivita’ materna e il paese di provenienza dei partecipanti. I risultati suggeriscono che gli stili parentali materni sono altamente influenzati dalla cultura e che le madri italiane sono piu’ intrusive e controllanti delle mamme inglesi, risultati confermati sia dalle misure self-report che da quelle osservative. La cultura non sembra invece avere un effetto significativo sui disturbi di ansia riportati dai bambini nel self-report. L’intrusivita’ materna sembra essere legata in modo specifico all’ansia di separazione e non ad altri tipi di ansia. Il calore materno sembra avere un effetto moderatore sia sui disturbi internalizzati che su quelli internalizzati dei bambini (un’alta percentuale di calore materno riduce gli effetti negativi derivati dalla prenseza di uno stile parentale altamente intrusivo). Il ruolo del calore nelle diverse culture ed il suo specifico contributo in qualita’ di fattore di protezione nella genesi di problemi internalizzati ed esternalizzati dello sviluppo e’ stato attentamente discusso. Da una prospettiva clinica, questi risultati suggeriscono che, lavorando sul trattamento dei disturbi d’ansia in eta’ evolutiva, i clinici debbano focalizzarsi non solo sul potenziale ruolo dell’intrusivita’ materna ma anche sulla qualita’ affettiva della relazione madre-bambino.
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Tester-Jones, Michelle Caroline. "The role of rumination in the relationship between postnatal depressive symptoms and maternal attunement". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/16499.
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The aim of this thesis was to increase understanding of how rumination, defined as the behaviours and thoughts that focus an individual’s attention on their depressive symptoms and on the implications of these symptoms (Nolen-Hoeksema, 1991), affects the relationship between postnatal depressive symptoms and maternal sensitivity. Study 1 examined the impact of self-reported maternal rumination on perceived maternal attunement and mood, and the role of perceived social support and infant temperament in this relationship in a community sample of mothers (N = 203). Rumination mediated the relationship between maternal depressive symptoms and maternal responsiveness when infant negative affect was low but not high. Contrary to predictions, rumination did not mediate the relationship between social support and maternal attunement. Study 2 incorporated a second assessment point approximately six months later with the same sample. Prospective analyses were undertaken to examine the directional relationship between rumination and maternal attunement in the context of depressive symptoms. Unexpectedly, analyses revealed that maternal bonding prospectively predicted rumination at six months, after controlling for rumination at baseline. The converse relationship was not significant. This was contrary to the thesis hypothesis that increased rumination would predict impaired attunement at six months. Partially consistent with the thesis hypotheses, the relationship between rumination and maternal attunement was moderated by depressive symptoms at baseline; such that mothers who were low in depressive symptoms and had lower bonding at baseline reported higher levels of rumination at 6 months. Study 3 also explored the directional relationships between maternal mood, rumination and maternal attunement at a state level in a daily diary study with a community sample of mothers (N = 94) with infants aged between 3 and 14 months. Consistent with the findings of study 2, state maternal bonding at Time 1 predicted both state maternal rumination and state maternal mood at Time 2, and state rumination at Time 2 mediated the relationship between state bonding at Time 1 and state mood at Time 2. In the final study, the causal relationships between an experimentally induced state of ruminative thinking and observed maternal behaviours in a mother-infant interaction task were examined in a sample of dysphoric and non-dysphoric mothers (N = 79) and their infants. The analyses examined change in mother-infant interaction quality from baseline to post rumination induction, and subsequent change following an infant stressor task. Findings revealed a significant reduction in maternal sensitivity and mother-infant dyadic synchrony in the rumination group, but not the control group. For maternal sensitivity, the effect of rumination was exacerbated following the stressor task. Contrary to predictions, this relationship was not moderated by dysphoric symptoms. The findings of this thesis indicate that ruminative thinking directly impairs observed maternal behaviours, but that perceived poorer maternal attunement also increases self-reported ruminative thinking. The significance of these findings for theoretical explanations of rumination in a postnatal context are considered, and the clinical implications for parenting programmes and interventions for both mothers in the community as well as those considered at risk are discussed.
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Sondakh, Nora Louisa Chanya Sethaput. "Quality of antenatal care service in Indonesia : do mother's characteristics play an important role? /". Abstract, 2003. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2546/cd357/4538004.pdf.
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Delker, Brianna. "Relationships without Reward: The Role of Childhood Abuse History in Maternal Addiction, Mental Health, and Parenting". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/22615.
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Being a mother is often described as a difficult but rewarding experience. Maternal parenting reward (PR) may serve an important function, helping to facilitate responsive maternal care and healthy infant development. However, it should not be taken for granted that the rewards of parenting will emerge naturally for women, particularly women who were abused by their own caregivers in childhood, within family systems that enabled or perpetuated the abuse. Despite an abundance of research on the neurobiological correlates of PR, surprisingly little is known about mothers’ self-reported experience of PR, both in general and in relation to early adversity. The aims of this survey-based dissertation were to develop and psychometrically evaluate a PR self-report measure, and to determine the extent to which childhood abuse predicts short-term (family betrayal) and long-term (maternal depression, posttraumatic stress, and problematic substance use) sequelae of abuse that are associated with diminished PR.
In Study 1, with 203 mothers of young children, the final 14-item questionnaire assessed PR in a way that was not confounded with social desirability or maternal demographic characteristics, and was distinct from the related constructs of parenting pleasure and satisfaction. On average, mothers reported being highly rewarded by parenting, though there were individual differences in PR within and across mothers.
In Study 2, with 270 mothers of young children, maternal history of childhood psychological and sexual abuse by caregivers each predicted diminished PR indirectly. Childhood psychological abuse was strongly associated with family betrayal, or actions and inactions by the family of origin that enabled or perpetuated abuse, which in turn predicted recent maternal depression and posttraumatic stress, each of which predicted diminished PR. The association between childhood sexual abuse and diminished PR was mediated by increased maternal posttraumatic stress symptoms only, not by family betrayal or alcohol use problems related to posttraumatic stress, as hypothesized. Although alcohol use problems predicted diminished PR at the bivariate level, they did not predict PR in the full model. Maternal childhood abuse by caregivers is indirectly associated with disruptions to the social rewards of attachment, with potential intergenerational consequences for the mother-infant relationship and infant development.10000-01-01
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Breckler, Liza Anne. "The role of maternal-fetal interactions on the aetiology of allergic disease". University of Western Australia. School of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0042.
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[Truncated abstract] The dramatic increase in the expression of allergic diseases such as asthma and allergy over the last 20-30 years has highlighted the urgent need to identify causative factors. It was hypothesised that direct immune interactions between mother and fetus contribute to the cytokine milieu of pregnancy, thus influencing immune maturation after birth. Further it was speculated that the cytokine responses produced as a result of maternalfetal interactions are Th-2 skewed in women allergic disease, which programmes their offspring towards developing an allergic phenotype after birth. To test this hypothesis a cohort of 169 pregnant women were recruited at 20 weeks gestation and defined as allergic or non-allergic based on both clinical history and skin prick test sensitisation. These women and their infants were followed up throughout pregnancy (20 weeks, 30 weeks, 36 weeks gestation and 6 weeks post-partum) and up to 2.5 years of age. Mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) were used to measure maternal cytokine (IL-6, IL-10, IL-13 and IFN-) and lymphoproliferative responses to fetal alloantigens at each pregnancy time-point. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing of mothers and infants were performed to assess the effect of HLA mismatch on maternal MLR responses to their fetus. After delivery, mononuclear cells (MNC) were isolated from cord blood (CB) and stimulated with allergens, mitogen and toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. .... As IL-6 also participates in adaptive immunity by promoting Th-2 differentiation it is proposed that the production of IL-6 as a results of maternal encounters with paternal antigens during pregnancy, contribute to the Th-2 skewed responses observed universally in most infants at birth. Associations between maternal-fetal interaction and clinical outcomes in infancy: Although clinical signs of allergy in infancy were not the main outcome measure of this thesis, there were interesting, yet complex relationships between the production of these maternal cytokines towards the fetus and allergic disease at infant follow-ups. Increased maternal IFN-¿ to fetal alloantigen was associated with asthma at 2.5 years and a trend towards recurrent wheeze at 12 months. In contrast decreased maternal IL-13 production was associated with IgE mediated food allergy at 12 months. Adjusting for maternal allergy and other potential confounders including infant gender, method of delivery, HLA mismatch, and paternal allergy did not account for these relationships. Further follow-ups of these infants are required to determine if these relationship last in to early childhood. In conclusion, the findings of this thesis provides further support for the hypothesis that immune responses at birth are programmed prenatally, and that this programming has implications later in life. Importantly, the placenta is the immunologically active interface between mother and fetus during pregnancy. Therefore it is emphasised that there is a crucial need for future research to focus on early immune programming at the placental level before the aetiological pathways of immune mediated diseases can be fully elucidated.
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ANDRADE, FABIOLA GABRIEL DE. "THE ROLE OF MATERNAL SPEECH IN THE PROCESS OF CHILD LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=35822@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
FUNDAÇÃO DE APOIO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
BOLSA NOTA 10
Assumindo uma perspectiva interacionista do desenvolvimento, acredita-se que no processo de aquisição e desenvolvimento da linguagem, biologia, natureza e cultura não podem ser consideradas como elementos separados dentro do desenvolvimento humano. Sendo assim, pressupõe-se que o contato com membros da sua comunidade linguística e, principalmente, a figura materna, são de fundamental importância para o desenvolvimento da linguagem infantil. O presente estudo longitudinal buscou investigar, a partir de aspectos sintáticos e semânticos, qual o papel da fala materna nesse processo. Para isso, participaram quatro díades mãe-bebê – uma menina e três meninos – que foram filmados uma vez por semana, durante quarenta minutos. A fala materna foi transcrita e analisada, bem como o desenvolvimento da linguagem do bebê, que foi medido através do MacArthur Inventary of Communicative Abilities (Inventário do desenvolvimento de habilidades comunicativas). Com os resultados, foram observadas algumas semelhanças e distinções entre as díades. Houve o predomínio de emissões maternas afirmativas para as quatro díades estudadas. As emissões negativas foram as que menos apareceram na fala materna. Sobre os aspectos semânticos, identificou-se o predomínio da fala materna relacionada ao contexto, seguida pela fala relacionada à criança e, por último, a fala relacionada à díade, em todas as díades observadas. Ademais, houve um aumento significativo no número de palavras produzidas pelas crianças participantes ao longo dos seis meses. Acredita-se que esse estudo possa colaborar e acrescentar na literatura referente ao desenvolvimento da linguagem infantil e, principalmente, contribuir com dados do contexto brasileiro sobre o papel da fala materna nesse processo.
Assuming an interactionist perspective of development, it is believed that in the process of acquisition and development of language, biology, nature and culture can not be considered as separate elements within human development. Thus, it is assumed that the contact with members of their linguistic community and, especially, the maternal figure, are of fundamental importance for the development of children s language. The present longitudinal study sought to investigate, from syntactic and semantic aspects, the role of maternal speech in this process. For this, four mother-baby dyads - one girl and three boys - were filmed once a week for forty minutes. The maternal speech was transcribed and analyzed, as well as the development of the baby s language, which was measured through the MacArthur Inventary of Communicative Abilities. With the results, some similarities and distinctions between the dyads were observed. There was a predominance of affirmative maternal emissions for the four dyads studied. Negative emissions were the ones that least appeared in maternal speech. On the semantic aspects, we identified the predominance of maternal speech related to the context, followed by speech related to the child and, finally, the speech related to the dyad, in all the dyads observed. In addition, there was a significant increase in the number of words produced by the participating children over the six months. It is believed that this study can collaborate and add in the literature regarding the development of children s language and, mainly, contribute with data from the Brazilian context on the role of maternal speech in this process.
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Tran, Christy N. "Defining the Role of Caregivers in Promoting Maternal Adaptation in Unintended Pregnancies". Thesis, Boston College, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2642.
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Thesis advisor: June HorowitzObjective: The purpose of this study is to identify the psychosocial needs and views about desired services and decision making of women with unintended pregnancies who seek the help of pregnancy counselors or caregivers. Women were asked to describe in their own words what they found helpful and unhelpful in counseling. This information will be used to more clearly define the role of caregivers with women during their experience in hopes of improving maternal and newborn outcomes in unintended pregnancies. Design: A mixed-method design with a quantitative descriptive component and a qualitative descriptive component was used Setting: Data were collected over the course of several months and took place at two locations of Pregnancy Help. Pregnancy Help are pregnancy resources centers located in Brighton and Natick near Boston, MA. Population: Pregnancy Help serves women ranging from teenage years to women over 40, with mostly of lower socioeconomic status, and lower educational attainment with a wide range of backgrounds such as Caucasian, African-American, Haitian, Brazilian, and women from other countries. Methods: Prospective participants were contacted on the telephone and invited to participate in the study during their third trimester and up to 2 years postpartum. All 23 participants were included in the 15 to 35 minute quantitative descriptive component which consisted of completing a questionnaire composed of three instruments: (1) Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaire (Lederman & Weis, 2009), (2) Pregnancy Decision-Making Questionnaire, and (3) Demographic Information Questionnaire. Of all participants, 10 women were asked to partake in the qualitative component which consisted of a 30 to 60 minute open-ended Pregnancy Counseling Interview. Results: As with the national demographics of women with unintended pregnancies, the women who participated in this study were mostly young, single African American or Latina women of lower socioeconomic status, and lower educational attainment. Their psychosocial profiles indicated decreased maternal adaptation in every psychosocial dimension. Qualitative data from interviews served as an illustration of the psychosocial and demographic profiles, revealing background and the experience of unintended pregnancy for each woman. This data provided insight into the difficulty and complexity of their experience and of pregnancy decision-making. Aspects of counseling such as being welcoming, encouraging, non-judgmental, motherly, and informative were perceived as beneficial to the women. Women also appreciated the combination of counseling with material support and referrals to social, financial, and medical services
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2012
Submitted to: Boston College. Connell School of Nursing
Discipline: College Honors Program
Discipline: Nursing
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Sinha, Aakanksha. "India’s Child Malnutrition Paradox: Role of Maternal Autonomy & Health Related Awareness". Thesis, Boston College, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:105064.
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Thesis advisor: Ruth G. McRoyIndia has the world’s highest burden of child undernutrition. Lack of income has been attributed as the primary cause of child undernutrition. However, evidence suggests that despite steady economic growth and investments in social services directed towards child welfare, undernutrition rates in India are persistent. Thus factors impacting child undernutrition are entrenched within the social fabric of a community. Previous studies indicate that countries that have higher gender inequality have poorer health outcomes for women and children. India with its dominant patriarchal structure and deep-rooted gender biases has disproportionately worse outcomes for women and children. This dissertation study was designed to do the following: 1) emphasize the importance of maternal autonomy and health related awareness as factors significantly impacting maternal health and child nutritional status and 2) use a strengths-based approach to make recommendations for child welfare policy. By applying an asset-based approach, the social capital within a community is recognized interventions can be developed using community and individual level strengths. This study fills the gap in literature on the role of maternal autonomy and health related awareness on child nutritional status, particularly in communities with high levels of gender inequality. The current study utilized data from the India National Family Health Survey Round-3 (NFHS-3) to conduct a cross sectional analysis. The study sample consisted of urban married women between ages of 15-49 years who had at least one living child between the ages of 0-5 years (N= 9,092). It utilized the UNICEF ‘model of care’ and three distinct theories (i) Ecological Systems Theory, (ii) Capability Approach, and (iii) Positive Deviance Inquiry to develop the conceptual framework. Scales measuring maternal autonomy and health related awareness were developed and validated. Ordered Logistic Regression and Kohler mediation model were utilized to examine the relationship between maternal autonomy and health related awareness and child nutritional status and the mediation effect of maternal health. Implications are provided for child welfare policy and practice, social work policy and research
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2016
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Social Work
Discipline: Social Work
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Moonesar, Immanuel Azaad. "The Role of UAE Health Professionals in Maternal and Child Health Policy". ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1649.
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Maternal and child health (MCH) mortality is a formidable challenge for health systems around the world according to the World Health Organization. Health professionals and practitioners within the United Arab Emirates were studied to determine the extent they were involved in the policy-making process, and the potential impact that analysis may have on new or revised MCH policies. Research on MCH policy-making and development processes are limited. The Andersen model of healthcare services utilization provides an appropriate framework for this research, enabling the analysis that influences the policy-making process in the area of MCH. Independent variables included nationality, education, work experience, and organizational support, and the dependent variable included policy-making process. The quantitative methodology included the data collection from a sample of 380 health professionals and practitioners. The results of the study revealed statistical correlations where the most significant predictor of policy-making was organizational support, which explained the 42% variation in policy-making. This predictor was followed by nationality and education. The research adds value for decision-makers when considering and evaluating the extent of MCH policy, laws and regulations, current challenges, and strategies. The research findings could positively influence decision makers' action plan in formulating new guidelines, public policies, and strategies for the development of maternal and child health across the UAE region. Future research should aim to include other factors that may have an influence on the policy-making process.
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ARIA, FRANCESCA. "Role of Maternal Immune Activation in Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Possible Pharmacological Treatment". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Brescia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11379/544159.
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Role of Maternal Immune Activation in Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Possible Pharmacological TreatmentRole of Maternal Immune Activation in Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Possible Pharmacological Treatment
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Kirby, Robin B. "Young Women's Multiple Role Management Expectations: Influence of Feminism and Role Modeling". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1395696607.
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Wood, David L. "The Role of the Medical Home". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5189.
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Wang, Liangsu. "Role of maternal Oct-4 during oogenesis and early embryogenesis in the mouse". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq20774.pdf.
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Hartley, Sarah C. "The role of maternal and child health in decolonisation in Fiji, 1945-1970". Thesis, University of York, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22294/.
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This thesis contributes to historical understanding of decolonisation in the British-colonised South Pacific through a detailed case study of the internationalisation of post-war public health. The role that health policy played in colonisation, both in the South Pacific and empire wide, is well understood, but its part in British decolonisation strategies is less known. Through analysing how Britain used maternal and child health policy to shape decolonisation in Fiji this thesis addresses this underexplored question. The negotiations surrounding health policy decisions reveal much about this process at a territorial, intra-colonial, inter-imperial, and international level. At a territorial and intra-colonial level, maternal and child health was entwined in colonial attempts to manage a charged ethno-political situation in Fiji in the run up to independence. At a regional and international level, the new Western Pacific Regional Office (WPRO) of the World Health Organization (WHO), attempted to disseminate universal rights and norms in health. Britain, and other imperial powers administrating Pacific Islands, perceived WPRO as a threat to their sovereignty over health and development. They established an inter-imperial organisation – the South Pacific Commission (SPC) – partly to demonstrate acquiescence with, but prevent interference by, UN agencies. The SPC and WPRO tried to build institutional prestige through efforts to establish themselves as authorities on maternal and child health. Using under-exploited sources this thesis uses the sub-case studies of maternal and infant nutrition, family planning/population control, and women’s health education, to discuss collaboration and contest between these actors. It demonstrates that conflict over decolonisation, as well as health, created barriers to policy innovation, which were only bridged by interventions by civil society organisations. It shows that colonial health policy shaped decolonisation in Fiji and international health in the region. It highlights the underappreciated role of civil society in colonial and international health.
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Liu, Lincoln. "Intergenerational effects of early life programming : the role of glucocorticoids and maternal obesity". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9818.
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Hypertension and type two diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM) are serious chronic illnesses that impact on the lives of millions of people around the world. Various epidemiological studies have shown a relationship between early life events such as intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) resulting in low birth weight and the development of these chronic illnesses in adult life. To explain the link between these two events, it has been suggested that an ‘insult’ at a critical time point of development can ‘program’ alterations in gene expression, organ size, and cell number. This has been termed “the early life origins of disease’. There is also evidence that these programmed effects are not limited to the first generation but can also be passed to subsequent generations. With changes in lifestyle in modern society, the prevalence of obesity is increasing, in association with problems such as type 2 DM, hypertension, fatty liver, atherosclerosis and the metabolic syndrome. Obesity during pregnancy is linked to problems such as gestational diabetes, hypertension and early miscarriage as well as a higher risk of congenital malformations. Maternal obesity has also been recognised as one of the factors capable of ‘programming’ the offspring, increasing the risk of childhood and adult disorders such as obesity and hypertension. In this thesis I have used two animal models to explore the underlying mechanisms of programming and its intergenerational effects: i) a rat model of prenatal glucocorticoid over-exposure (the dexamethasone-programmed rat) and ii) a mouse model of obesity during pregnancy. Using the dexamethasone-programmed rat, I have shown that prenatal glucocorticoid overexposure reduces fetal and placental weight in the first generation (F1) offspring, in association with alterations in gene expression in placenta and liver. In addition, I have shown effects on fetal and placental weights and gene expression in the second generation (F2) offspring. The observed changes in gene expression in the F2 offspring differ from those in the first generation. Thus, although effects on fetal growth are seen in both generations, the underlying mechanisms appear to be different. We also observed marked parent of origin effects on fetal and placental growth and gene expression in the second generation. In the mouse model of maternal obesity, birth weight was decreased in the F1 offspring. At weaning, the offspring of obese mothers were heavier than controls, however this difference in weight was not persistent. At three months of age, F1 female offspring of obese mothers showed altered expression of hepatic genes important in lipid regulation and metabolism. More striking changes were seen in the F2 generation in which there was an effect of paternal exposure to maternal obesity to decrease birth weight. There were also parent of origin effects on organ weights and insulin levels at six months of age. These results provide evidence for the transmission of programming effects to a second generation in two different programming models and suggest that the mechanisms leading to these effects differ between generations.
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Grenna, Marco. "Maternal effects in birds : the role of some environmental stressors on egg quality". Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100044/document.
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L'étude porte sur l'allocation de ressources aux œufs d’oiseaux selon les caractéristiques du male partenaire ou de l’environnement. les données étudiées sont : taille de la ponte et caractéristiques des œufs (masse, masse des constituants, concentration de testostérone, lysozyme, ovotransferrin). les caractéristiques du male prises en compte sont s'il est choisi ou non par la femelle et son statut social. en plus, l’effet du bruit et d’un vaccination couple avec un surproduction des œufs sont pris en compte. Deux expériences ont été menées sur le canari domestique (Serinus canaria) en laboratoire, au sein du LECC de Paris Ouest Nanterre. Deux expériences ont eu lieu en milieu semi-naturel au DiSIT de l’Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale (Italie) sur la perdrix grise (Perdix perdix) et rouge (Alectoris rufa).Chez la perdrix grise, nous observons effets positifs de la préférence et du statut social sur la testostérone et sur le taux d’éclosion. cette hormone peut rendre les oisillons nidifuges plus compétitifs vis-à-vis des couvées voisines. Chez le canari, on observe un effet positif de la préférence sur le poids des œufs et sur le lysozyme, important substance antimicrobienne. en plus, on a trouvé un influence négative du bruit sur la sélection sexuelle et sur le numéro des œufs pondues.Chez la perdrix rouge, nous observons variations significatives des components de l’oeuf en relation a la surproduction des œufs (épuisement des ressources). En conclusion, la femelle n'est pas seule à déterminer les caractéristiques des œufs. le male partenaire et l’environnement ont aussi une influence sur leur composition et donc sur le développement des jeunesThe study focuses on the allocation of resources to eggs of birds according to the characteristics of the male partner or the environment. The data studied are: clutch size and egg characteristics (mass, mass constituents, testosterone, lysozyme, ovotransferrin). Male characteristics taken into account are if it is selected or not by the female and his social status. In addition, the effect of noise and a vaccination coupled with an overproduction of eggs are taken into account.Two experiments were conducted on the domestic canary (Serinus canaria) in the LECC laboratory of Paris Ouest Nanterre.Two experiments were carried out in semi-natural condition to DiSIT laboratory of the Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale (Italy) on grey partridge (Perdix perdix) and red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa).In the grey partridge, positives effects of preference and social status are observed on testosterone and hatchability. This hormone can make precocial chicks more competitive with neighboring broods.In canaries, there is a positive effect of preference on egg weight and lysozyme, an important antimicrobial substance. In addition, a negative influence of noise is found on sexual selection and number of eggs laid.In the red-legged partridge, significant changes in the egg components are observed in relation to the overproduction of eggs (depletion).In conclusion, the female is not only to determine the characteristics of eggs. The male partner and the environment also have an influence on their composition and therefore on the development of chicks
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Quy, Katie. "Children's emotional outcomes : the role of coping style and maternal and family factors". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10020661/.
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Although a conceptually problematic construct, coping has been found to play an important role in development and wellbeing. Coping in children remains, however, a relatively sparsely researched area of study. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between children's coping styles and emotional outcomes, with particular reference to family factors, and maternal mental health and coping. Based on a review of the literature, it was hypothesised that particular coping styles would be associated with aspects of family functioning and children's symptoms. A new instrument designed to assess children's coping as a multidimensional construct was designed for use in this study. Results indicated that, as hypothesised, there were consistent relationships between family factors, such as maternal mental health, parentchild relationship quality and parent relationship quality, and children's coping, and also between children's coping and children's anxiety and somatic symptoms. In line with hypotheses, deficits in thought and emotion regulation were associated with greater anxiety and somatic symptoms, while strategies associated with self efficacy and constructive strategies were associated with lower symptom levels. Girls were more likely than boys to respond with preoccupation and perseveration and feelings of helplessness, while boys were more likely to report a positive outlook and feel capable of managing negative emotions. Better maternal mental health, positive parent-child relationships and harmonious parental relationships were associated with a more constructive coping style in children, while poorer ratings of maternal mental health, negative parent-child relationships and discordant parent relationships were associated with poor emotion and thought regulation in children. Aspects of mothers' coping were found to be associated with children's coping response styles, providing some support for the role of modelling in the development of children's coping. Contrary to expectation however, there were very few direct associations observed between family factors and children's anxiety and somatic symptoms. These results are discussed in the context of previous research. Limitations of the research are discussed and a number of potentially fruitful areas for future research and implications for interventions and practice are described.
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Brown, Amy. "Maternal control of early milk feeding : the role of attitudes, intention and experience". Thesis, Swansea University, 2010. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa43176.
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A controlling maternal feeding style can have negative consequences for child weight and eating style (Ventura & Birch, 2008). Mothers who breastfeed during the first year exert lower levels of control over child feeding (Farrow & Blissett, 2008). Explanations for this relationship speculate that experience of breastfeeding reduces control as breastfeeding requires an infant-led approach (Taveras et al. 2004) or alternatively that maternal attitudes predict both initiation of breastfeeding and later maternal control (Farrow & Blissett, 2006a). The nature of this relationship is explored in this thesis. Mothers reported their intended and actual feeding style during milk feeds when pregnant and at six months postpartum using a modified version of the Child Feeding Questionnaire (Birch, Fisher, Grimm-Thomas, Markey, Sawyer, & Johnson. 2001). Maternal use of control in the form of scheduling and encouraging milk feeds was evident. A high level of control was associated with a shorter breastfeeding duration (p < 0.001). Control beliefs were present prenatally with intended breastfeeding duration inversely associated with intended control. Furthermore, attitudes towards the infant-led nature of breastfeeding were associated with both breastfeeding duration and control. Breastfed infants need to be fed to infant demand and amount consumed is immeasurable whilst formula feeding is open to maternal manipulation. A belief that breastfeeding was inconvenient was associated with scheduling feeds whilst concerns over milk intake and low confidence were associated with encouraging feeds. Whilst scheduling feeds was a stable behaviour predictive from prenatal intention, encouraging feeds was fluid and related to maternal experience. Concerns about infant size or feeding difficulties increased use of encouraging feeds. Maternal desire for control may therefore drive breastfeeding duration, explaining the association between breastfeeding and later feeding style. The findings have important implications for breastfeeding duration, early programming of appetite and bodyweight and later maternal feeding style.
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Lekatz, Leslie Ann. "The Role of Maternal Protein Intake During Late Gestation on Placental Vascular Function". Diss., North Dakota State University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27116.
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Global nutrient restriction or excess can influence umbilical hemodynamics in sheep fetuses (Chapter 2). We hypothesized that a specific component of the diet, namely maternal metabolizable protein (MP), would alter placental function. When MP restriction during late gestation occurs, we hypothesized that there would be a decrease in the sensitivity to bradykinin (BK) of the placental vascular arteries. In experiment 1, ewes received one of three isocaloric dietary treatments during late gestation: MP60: 60% of MP requirements; MP80: 80% of MP requirements; and MP100: 100% of the MP requirements on a dry matter basis from day 100 to 130 of gestation. In experiment 1, fetal and placental mass were not affected by dietary treatment; however, placental function was altered by a maternal diet low in protein. Ewes not meeting MP requirements during late gestation had fetal placental arteries that were more sensitive to BK-induced vasorelaxation; therefore we reject our hypothesis for experiment 1. In order to understand the mechanism of BK-induced vasodilation in the placental arteries, experiment 2 was designed. We hypothesized that MP level would alter the mechanism of BK-induced vasorelaxation in placental arteries. In experiment 2, ewes received one of three isocaloric dietary treatments during late gestation: MP60: 60% of MP requirements; MP100: 100% of the MP requirements; and MP140: 140% of MP requirements from day 100 to 130 of gestation. Maternal protein level during gestation did not impact the mechanism of BK-induced vasodilation; therefore we reject our hypothesis for experiment 2. However, the maternal and fetal placental vessels responded to BK through different iv mechanisms. In maternal placental arteries, pathways involving endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDHF) and nitric oxide (NO) were responsible for BK-induced vasodilation, while the prostacyclin (PGI2) pathway did not greatly contribute to BKinduced vasodilation. The fetal placental arteries responded to BK through a mechanism that does not involve EDHF, NO, or PGI2, indicating that BK-induced vasorelaxation of the fetal placental arteries may be mediated through an unclassified EDHF-like pathway. It is important to realize the maternal and fetal placental arteries may respond to BKinduced vasodilation through different pathways when considering possible therapeutics for compromised pregnancies.
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Ivory, Shirley Clark. "Experiences Of Single Low-Income African American Mothers In Their Maternal Protective Role". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1273167404.
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Schneider, Patricia Neiva Coelho. "Role for the Axin-RGS domain during embryonic development: maternal vs. zygotic functions". Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/598.
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Upon sperm entry, the vertebrate egg undergoes a series of cell divisions that create a number of smaller cells without increasing the embryonic mass. This induces an elevation of intracellular calcium transient that is conserved across species. In zebrafish, fertilization occurs through an opening in the chorion, the micropyle and in Xenopus it can occur anywhere in the animal hemisphere. Wnt signaling activation is required during dorsal-ventral axis specification and it needs to be suppressed during the regionalization of the brain. Axin is a negative regulator of Wnt signaling and contains an RGS (Regulator of G Protein Signaling) domain. RGS domains are typical of RGS proteins, which are involved in a distinct signaling pathway, G-protein signaling. RGS proteins exert a negative effect of G-protein signaling by accelerating the GTPase activity (GAP) of the Gα subunit, thus turning off the signaling. Axin contains an RGS domain, however, it is not clear whether Axin is directly involved in G-protein signaling. We will also present a work performed using another negative regulator of the Wnt signaling network called naked cuticle (Nkd). Nkd has been shown to modulate β-catenin dependent and independent Wnt signaling. In chapter 2, we will show that the Axin-RGS like function is dispensable during the formation of the dorsal-ventral axis. We manipulated this protein by creating a point mutation in a critical aminoacid within the Axin-RGS domain, known to be detrimental for the GAP function of RGS proteins, Axin1Q162A. Maternal depletion of Axin1 in Xenopus oocytes causes hyperactivation of Wnt signaling and results in dorsalization. Axin1Q162A is able to suppress the dorsalization of maternally depleted embryo and restore normal dorsa-ventral axis formation.
In chapter 3, we will describe the role of Axin during the patterning of the vertebrate brain. We show that the point mutant is not able to restore normal brain development in zebrafish embryos after Axin knockdown. We hypothesize that Axin-RGS like function is necessary during the patterning of the vertebrate brain that occurs after zygotic transcription has been initiated. Moreover, we show that Axin-RGS like activity may be dispensable during this stage of development. Finally, we demonstrate that Axin1Q162A localization differs from the wildtype Axin1 and Axin1 but not Axin1Q162A is localized to the plasma membrane upon Gα overexpression in zebrafish embryos.
Embryonic organ laterality is preceded by molecular and physiological asymmetries. In chapter 4 we describe the role of another Wnt antagonis, Nkd cuticle, during left-right patterning. Prior to organogenesis, a group of cells called Dorsal Forerunner Cells, (DFCs), migrate ahead of the dorsal blastoderm during gastrulation to form the Kupffer's vesicle (KV). This vesicle will trigger a signaling cascade that will culminate with left-right determination. We show data that support the requirement of Nkd in organ laterality and convergence and extension movements using zebrafish and Xenopus laevis.
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Ahn, Ashley. "The Effects of Relational Savoring on Maternal Responsiveness: Investigating the Role of Culture". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2202.
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Savoring, or the process of prolonging a specific experience of positive emotions, is associated with positive health outcomes and feelings of interpersonal connectedness. Few studies have examined the process of savoring in a family context, and even fewer studies have explored the extent to which it may vary across cultures. In a sample of mother-child dyads (n = 66; White = 33 and Latinx, non-White = 30), we investigated the effect of savoring on verbal and behavioral indicators of maternal responsiveness as compared to a control condition, a reflecting exercise about daily routines. The results suggest an interaction effect of experimental condition and race on verbal maternal responsiveness, such that White moms who savored were more responsive than those who had reflected. Unexpectedly, Latina moms who reflected were more responsive than those who had savored. This effect may be explained by Latinx cultural values of collectivism and familism interacting with participants’ interpretation of the experimental tasks. These findings suggest the use of savoring and positive emotion to improve parent-child relationships and highlight the importance of studying the role of culture in psychological interventions.
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Greenwood, Paige B. B. S. "The role of maternal variables on the behavioral and neurobiological correlates of reading during childhood". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1626455667302277.
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Mendiola, Isabel. "Stressed Out and Fed Up: The Effect of Stress on Maternal Feeding Behaviors and the Moderating Role of Executive Functioning". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1876.
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Stress is associated with a range of unhealthy eating habits. However, no previous studies have used experimental design to take an intergenerational perspective in the examination of how stress may influence parental feeding behavior, nor have they examined potential protective factors. The current study tests the effects of stress on maternal feeding behaviors and explores the potential protective role of maternal executive functioning (EF). We manipulated maternal stress with the Trier Social Stress Task (TSST) in a community sample mothers (N = 61, Mage = 33.45 years). We measured maternal EF with a series of computerized tasks. Maternal feeding behavior was observationally coded using standardized procedures. Results indicate a main effect of stress on controlling feeding styles. Furthermore, this effect of stress on controlling feeding behaviors is ameliorated among mothers with higher levels of EF. Results suggest potential factors to be considered in the treatment and prevention of diet-related illnesses.