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Gainor, Rachael E. "Maternal diabetes and perinatal outcomes". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3360.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2004.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 51 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 36-38).
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Wang, Cong Kerynn. "Caesarean delivery on maternal request: systematic review on maternal and neonatal outcomes". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46942609.
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Hummel, Alexandra Carlyle. "Maternal Depressive Symptoms, Maternal Behavior, and Toddler Internalizing Outcomes: A Moderated Mediation Model". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1366881153.
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Khashan, Ali Soubhi. "Maternal stress and psychiatric and obstetric offspring outcomes". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493921.
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Background: Most societies believe that a mother's psychological state can influence her unbom baby. Stressful events during pregnancy have been consistently associaiea wim mi elevated risk of low birthweight, prematurity and schizophrenia. Such events during the first trimester have also been associated with risk of congenital malformations Objectives: To investigate the association between maternal exposure to severe life events and risk prematurity, reduced infant birthweight and schizophrenia in the offspring. The project focuses on timing of the exposure in relation to pregnancy. Conclusions: Mothers who were exposed to severe adverse life events antenatally have babies with significantly lower birthweight and more likely to be premature. Babies who were exposed to severe life events in the first trimester are more likely to nave schizophrenia later in their life.
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Bowers, Toni L. "Maternal and perinatal outcomes in alternative birthing methods". Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2001. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/265.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Health and Public Affairs
Nursing
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O'Higgins, Madeleine. "Improving Mother-Infant Outcomes after Maternal Postnatal Depression". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10019843/.
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Nylen, Kimberly June O'Hara Michael W. "Effects of prenatal maternal distress on reproductive outcomes". Iowa City : University of Iowa, 2009. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/313.
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Nylen, Kimberly June. "Effects of prenatal maternal distress on reproductive outcomes". Diss., University of Iowa, 2009. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/313.
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The primary goal of the current study was to examine the association between maternal distress during pregnancy, conceptualized as stress, anxiety, and depression, and infant reproductive outcomes. It was hypothesized that women who report high levels of distress during pregnancy would be more likely to experience adverse reproductive outcomes. An additional goal of the study was to examine the hypothesis that social support and coping style moderate the association between prenatal maternal distress and birth outcomes. This study utilized a prospective, longitudinal design. Pregnant women (N = 257) completed self-report questionnaires and clinical interviews at two time points during pregnancy. Following delivery, birth weight, week of delivery, head circumference, and Apgar score were extracted from medical records. Results suggested that women who were clinically depressed during pregnancy were more likely to experience adverse birth outcomes. In addition, maternal stress, anxiety, and depression were best conceptualized as one general "distress" factor, which did not predict variance in birth outcomes over and above demographic variables. However, when self-report measures were considered individually, they decreased over the course of pregnancy, and were associated with birth outcomes, particularly at time 2. Significant interactions between maternal distress and social support, as well as maternal distress and coping emerged as predictors of birth outcomes. Results suggest that women with high levels of stress, who also have small support networks, are at higher risk of adverse birth outcomes than women with large networks, who were relatively insulated from effects of higher distress. This study points to the need for ongoing assessment of maternal distress and resources throughout pregnancy, such that women at risk for adverse birth outcomes can be identified and supported as soon as possible.
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Stone, Sarah Lederberg. "Maternal well-being and infant outcomes in Massachusetts". Thesis, Boston University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12948.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston UniversityPost-partum depressive symptoms (PDS) are defmed by feelings of sadness, depression, and anhedonia during the year after giving birth. PDS ranges in severity from transient 'baby-blues' experienced by over 80% of mothers shortly after birth to 10-15% fulfilling criteria for a major depressive episode. PDS can have profound long-term consequences for mothers and families if left untreated, impairing mother-infant bonding, leading to delayed development in children. PDS may also impact the mother's use of infant health care. This dissertation explores risk factors for PDS and its consequences using population-based data from the Massachusetts Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (MA-PRAMS). In study 1, we examined the association between common life stressors including partner-related, financial-related, traumatic-related, and emotional-related, and PDS prevalence. Common life stressors during pregnancy were associated with an increased prevalence of PDS, with the strongest association seen for partner-related stressors, the most commonly reported stressor. However, mothers with PDS who experienced partner-related stressors were also least likely to seek help for their depression, relative to mothers with other grouped stressors or no stressors. In study 2, we assessed the association between infertility treatment (1FT) and PDS risk. There was no appreciable association between 1FT use and PDS overall. However, we found that 1FT users who delivered multiples (e.g., twins or triplets) had a lower risk of PDS compared with non-users of 1FT who delivered multiples, persistent across mode of delivery. Among mothers with PDS, we found little evidence of an association between 1FT and seeking help for depression, regardless of plurality. lp study 3, we examined the association between PDS and mother's use of hospital-based infant healthcare (HIH) in the 24 months after birth, using MA-PRAMS data linked to the Pregnancy to Early Life Longitudinal Linkage (PELL) study. Overall, there was little evidence of an association between PDS and HIH. However, we observed significant differences across race/ethnic populations. Among White non-Hispanic and Hispanic mothers, PDS was associated with a small increased risk of HIH, while among Asian mothers, PDS was associated with an inverse risk of HIH. No appreciable association was found between PDS and HIH among Black non-Hispanic mothers.
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Garza, Puentes Andrea de la. "Fatty Acids in Obese Pregnancies: Maternal and Child Outcomes". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/457689.
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Maternal obesity has implications on the health of future generations by early life programming. The mother is usually the main source of nutrients for the fetus and neonate, hence her nutritional status is crucial for child development. Fatty acids (FAs), especially long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), are key nutrients in fetal growth and development. Since these nutrients are known to be altered by conditions such as obesity, maternal obesity could impair fetal/neonatal FA supply, and consequently child outcomes.
This thesis presents 4 manuscripts about the influence of maternal pre-pregnancy weight on FA quality and concentrations, along with the implications on maternal and child outcomes. We studied mother-child pairs selected from the total participants in the observational PREOBE cohort study and divided them into 4 groups according to maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational diabetes status; 1) normal-weight, overweight, obese and gestational diabetic.
We investigated if FADS and ELOVL genetic variants were associated with pre-pregnancy BMI or affected PUFA levels in plasma of pregnant women. We found that minor allele carriers of FADS1 and FADS2 SNPs had an increased risk for obesity and that the effects of genotype on plasma FA concentrations differed by maternal pre-pregnancy weight status. Enzymatic activity and FA levels were reduced in normal-weight women who were minor allele carriers of FADS SNPs; these reductions were not significant in overweight/obese participants. This suggests that women with a BMI>25 are less affected by FADS genetic variants in this regard. In the presence of FADS2 and ELOVL2 SNPs, overweight/obese women showed higher n-3 LC-PUFA production indexes in plasma than those women in the normal-weight group, but this was not enough to obtain a higher n3 LC-PUFA concentration.
We also analyzed the differences in colostrum PUFA composition according to maternal pre-gestational BMI and FADS genotype. A high maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with altered FA levels in colostrum, nevertheless FADS genotypes modulated these results. Minor allele carriers resulted with decreased enzymatic activity and PUFA levels only in normal-weight individuals, making their FA levels similar to those of overweight/obese women. Therefore, FADS genetic variation in overweight/obese women had a different impact, possibly improving their FA status. We also found that dietary intake of DHA in late pregnancy influenced colostrum levels of DHA, thus a high intake of this FA could be a recommendation to improve breast milk composition.
Prior to FA analysis in the infants, we validated cheek cells and capillary blood as less invasive alternatives to traditional plasma sampling for FA analysis. We determined the impact of maternal BMI and/or infant feeding practice in infant FA concentrations, and analyzed if these FAs associated with cognitive performance. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI altered the infant FA behavior in evolution, feeding practice and cognition. In general, FA concentrations decreased towards the 3 years of life, except for the SFAs, n6:n3 and LC-n6:n3 ratios which were increased. Exclusive breastfeeding seemed to rise crucial FAs (e.g. DHA) in infants at 6 months of age, and cognitive performance was found improved in infants with high levels of PUFAs (e.g. DHA, AA) until 1.5 years of age (e.g. n3 PUFAs).
These results are a contribution to the scientific evidence of the importance of a healthy pre-pregnancy weight, and identify groups of women who could benefit from an adequate FA intake to pursue better infant outcomes. We therefore should promote a healthy weight and diet in women before, during and after pregnancy to have beneficial effect in children, and consequently prevent some nutrition-related issues through their life.La obesidad materna tiene implicaciones en la salud de futuras generaciones debido a la programación fetal. Los ácidos grasos (AGs), especialmente poliinsaturados de cadena larga (AGPICL), intervienen en el crecimiento y desarrollo fetal. Dado a que la obesidad puede alterar la concentración de estos AGs, la salud del feto y neonato se compromete. Esta tesis presenta 4 manuscritos sobre el peso materno pre-gestacional en los AGs y sus implicaciones en madre e hijo. Se incluyeron participantes del estudio observacional PREOBE donde se dividen en 4 grupos según el índice de masa corporal (IMC) materno pre-gestacional y estado de diabetes gestacional; 1)normopeso, 2)sobrepeso, 3) obesidad, 4) diabetes gestacional. Se muestra que el alto peso en las mujeres embarazadas altera el comportamiento de los genotipos de las enzimas que intervienen en el metabolismo de los AGs (FADS y ELOVL) y, consecuentemente, afectan los niveles de AGs tanto en plasma como leche materna. Para examinar el perfil de AGs en el niño, primero se validaron la mucosa bucal y sangre capilar como métodos confiables y menos invasivos que la extracción de plasma. Al analizar los AGs del infante, se determina que el IMC materno pre-gestacional altera los niveles de AGs en el niño y cómo éstos se comportan respecto a la evolución, lactancia y cognición. Los resultados de esta tesis aportan evidencia científica sobre la importancia de un peso materno pre- gestacional adecuado; e identifican grupos de mujeres que pueden verse beneficiadas con una apropiada ingesta de AGs con la finalidad de promover el óptimo desarrollo del niño. Por tanto, se debe promover un peso y una dieta adecuada en las mujeres antes, durante y después del embarazo para beneficiar al niño y, consecuentemente, prevenir condiciones adversas en el curso de vida.
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Friesen, Russell Warren. "Maternal n-3 fatty acids and early infant outcomes". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/7318.
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Research indicates maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) status during pregnancy is positively associated with infant neurodevelopment. Dietary deficiency, if present, usually occurs at the lower end of the intake distribution. Both DHA intake and the current intakes of other n-3 and n-6 fatty acids may affect risk of deficiency. Regardless, the maternal dietary intakes, and biochemical markers, or infant developmental scores indicative of maternal DHA deficiency are not defined. The objectives of this research are to determine the distribution of DHA intakes, the relationship between dietary DHA and n-6 fatty acid intakes and maternal red blood cell (RBC) phospholipid DHA, and whether or not maternal DHA status low enough to increase risk of poor infant development occurs in our community. This study was a prospective, randomized intervention study involving supplementation of healthy women from 16 weeks gestation to delivery of their infant with 400 mg/d DHA or placebo. Maternal dietary intakes and blood lipid DHA were measured at 16 and 36 weeks gestation, and infant visual acuity was assessed at 60 d of age. The results show DHA intake was skewed, and maternal dietary n-6 fatty acids were inversely, while DHA intake was positively related to levels of maternal RBC EPG DHA, P<0.05. Infant gender and maternal DHA supplementation were significantly related to infant visual acuity. More infant girls in the placebo than DHA supplementation group had a visual acuity below the group average for infant girls, P<0.05. Maternal RBC EPG 22:4n-6 at 36 weeks gestation was inversely related to infant visual acuity at 60 d of age, P<0.05. In conclusion the results suggest that DHA deficiency is present among pregnant women in our community and that maternal dietary n-6 fatty acid intake may be an important modifier of maternal DHA status.
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Turton, Mervyn Sydney. "The effect of maternal oral health on pregnancy outcomes". University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4360.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDAdverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth and low birth weight are major causes of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Increasing evidence points to an association between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes and thus a better understanding of the nature of this association will assist in treatment planning to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes. Among the Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria frequently associated with periodontal disease are Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia and Porphyromonas gingivalis which may be detected in plaque using the BANA test (N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-naphthylamide). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of periodontal disease on pregnancy outcomes and evaluate the use of BANA as a screening test for the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki (2013) and included 443 pregnant women attending ante-natal clinics in KwaZulu Natal. At first visit, maternal oral health status was assessed by the measurement of periodontal indices and BANA testing of dental plaque from the same teeth. Patient demography and medical history were obtained by means of a questionnaire and all data compared with pregnancy outcomes. While controlling for other factors, significant differences were found between the distributions of periodontal disease at BANA-negative and BANA-positive sites and between infant birth weight and maternal periodontal index scores such as plaque index and gingival index. The birth weight and gestational age at delivery of infants born of BANA-positive periodontally diseased mothers were significantly lower than those born of BANA-negative mothers with no periodontal disease. We may conclude that the presence of periodontal disease during pregnancy has a significant association with negative pregnancy outcomes and suggest that the risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes may be reduced by monitoring the oral health status of women during pregnancy.
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Kvale, Janice Keller. "Maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with selected intrapartum interventions". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1061988693.
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Cheong-See, Fi. "Predictors for adverse maternal and fetal outcomes in high risk pregnancy". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2017. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/25811.
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This thesis aims to undertake health technology assessments in high risk pregnancies through the following objectives: 1. In women with pre-eclampsia, a) To evaluate the association of maternal genotype and severe pre-eclampsia b) To assess the accuracy of tests in predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes c) To develop composite outcomes for reporting in trials on late onset pre-eclampsia 2. In women with multiple pregnancy, a) To study the association between chorionicity and stillbirth b) To identify the optimal timing of delivery in monochorionic and dichorionic twin pregnancies 3. In the field of prediction research in obstetrics a) To provide an overview of the existing prognostic models and their qualities b) To evaluate the methodological challenges and potential solutions in developing a prognostic model for complications in pre-eclampsia Methods The following research methodologies were used: Delphi survey, systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Results 1. a) Maternal genotype and severe pre-eclampsia: 57 studies evaluated 50 genotypes; increased risk of severe pre-eclampsia with thromobophilic genes. b) Accuracy of tests in predicting pre-eclampsia complications: 37 studies evaluated 13 tests. No single test showed high sensitivity and specificity. c) Delphi survey of 18/20 obstetricians and 18/24 neonatologists identified clinically important maternal and neonatal outcomes and maternal and neonatal composite outcomes were developed. 2. Prospective risk of stillbirth and neonatal deaths in uncomplicated monochorionic and dichorionic twin pregnancies: 32 studies were included. In dichorionic twin pregnancies, the risk of stillbirths was balanced against neonatal death at 37 weeks' gestation. In monochorionic pregnancies, there was a trend towards increase in stillbirths after 36 weeks but this was not significant. 3. a) From 177 studies included, 263 obstetric prediction models were developed for 40 different outcomes, most commonly pre-eclampsia, preterm delivery, mode of delivery and small for gestational age neonates. b) The obstetric prognostic model challenge of dealing with treatment paradox was explored and seven potential solutions proposed by expert consensus. Conclusion I have identified the strength of association for genes associated with complications in pre-eclampsia, components for composite outcomes for reporting in studies on pre-eclampsia, and the optimal timing of delivery for twin pregnancies. My work has highlighted the gaps in prediction research in obstetrics and the limitations of individual tests in pre-eclampsia.
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Magadi, Monica Akinyi. "The determinants of poor maternal health care and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Kenya". Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310540.
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Gaudet, Laura. "Macrosomia and Related Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: The Role of Maternal Obesity". Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/22802.
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Fetal overgrowth is associated with adverse outcomes for offspring and with maternal obesity. Results from a systematic review and meta-analysis showed that maternal obesity is associated with fetal overgrowth, defined as birthweight ≥4000g (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.92, 2.45), birthweight ≥4500g (OR 2.77, 95% CI 2.22, 3.45) and birthweight ≥90%ile for gestational age (OR 2.42, 95% CI 2.16, 2.72). A retrospective cohort study revealed that mothers whose infants are macrosomic are more likely to require induction of labour (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.10-1.98) and delivery by Cesarean section (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.04-2.01), particularly for maternal indications (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.47-9.34), if they are obese. Infants from these pregnancies are significantly more likely to require neonatal resuscitation in the form of free flow oxygen (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.03, 2.42) than macrosomic infants of non-obese mothers. Thus, co-existing maternal obesity and macrosomia increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Go, Jennifer. "Investigations Into the Effects of Gestational Exposure to Environmental Phthalates on Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes and the Role of Inflammation Biomarkers as Potential Mediators". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36925.
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Objectives The aims of this thesis were to (1) investigate the association of gestational exposure to environmental phthalates with maternal and perinatal outcomes, and (2) explore phthalate-induced changes to maternal inflammatory responses as potential mediators of possible health effects.
Methods A systematic review was performed to summarize existing evidence on the association of gestational exposure to phthalates with obstetrical outcomes, including pre-eclampsia (PE), pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), birth weight (BW), head circumference (HC), gestational age (GA), preterm birth (PB), and Apgar scores (AS). Additionally, a secondary analysis of data from the MIREC Study was conducted to evaluate the association of phthalate metabolites with clinical outcomes in the mother and infant using multiple linear and logistic regression, and with inflammatory biomarkers using multinomial logistic regression.
Results The systematic review identified a total of 24 articles, and observed inconsistent evidence on BW, HC, GA, and PB, a paucity of research on IUGR, PE, GDM, and AS, and a lack of studies on PIH. However, among studies with statistically significant (p<0.05) results, most suggest an association of phthalates with decreased BW and GA, and increased HC and PB. Findings from the MIREC Study indicate a significant (p<0.01) positive association between MBP and HC among female infants; however, null results were identified for BW, GA, PB, AS, and PIH. In relation to the exposure to phthalates, general trends among suggestive associations (p<0.05) for head circumference showed consistent increases in females and decreases in males, and for gestational age displayed decreases in both stratums. Additionally, a significant positive association of MBzP and ∑DEHP was observed with high MMP-2 and low VCAM levels, respectively. Results approaching statistical significance demonstrated a positive association of ∑DEHP with low MCP1 and ICAM levels, MCPP with low GMCSF levels, MBzP with low CRP and high ICAM levels, and MEP with high MMP-7 and IL-2 levels.
Conclusion From the systematic review, the effects of phthalates on maternal and perinatal health remain unclear, possibly due to sources of heterogeneity and challenges in exposure assessment. In the MIREC Study cohort, phthalate levels were associated with GA and HC in infants in a sex-specific manner. Phthalates also appear to influence the circulating inflammatory marker levels, possibly explaining the observed adverse effects. Future research is needed to validate these findings.
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Fertuck, Deborah. "Children with chronic physical disorder : maternal characteristics and child outcomes". Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56618.
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The purpose of this study was to examine child psychosocial adjustment (i.e., behavioural problems and self-esteem) as a function of maternal well-being, parenting competence, and maternal stress in a sample of children (8 to 16 years) with a chronic physical disorder (CPD) (n = 60) as compared to a sample of non-chronically disabled children (n = 60). While the groups did not differ on either maternal variables or child behavioural problems, CPD children had higher self-esteem than comparison group children. For both groups, mothers with high well-being, high competence, and low stress had children with fewer behavioural problems. Furthermore, mothers of older CPD children perceived themselves as more competent parents, which in turn was related to fewer behavioural problems and higher self-esteem in the child. Mothers who assessed their child's condition as less stressful also had a higher sense of well-being and/or perceived themselves as more competent mothers. While this sample consisted of children whose conditions were of mild to moderate severity, children with more severe conditions had higher self-esteem.
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Potdar, Neelam. "Maternal caffeine consumption and its relationship to adverse pregnancy outcomes". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/8325.
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There are conflicting reports about the association of maternal caffeine intake with adverse pregnancy outcomes, specifically fetal growth restriction (FGR). Differences in study design and exposure definition have been partly responsible. In order to study the association between maternal caffeine consumption and FGR, I prospectively quantified caffeine intake in pregnancy from all known sources, assessed caffeine metabolism in pregnancy and used serial ultrasound growth scans to identify FGR fetus. In a prospective study of 1340 pregnant women in Leicestershire, UK, I quantified total caffeine intake from 4-weeks prior and throughout pregnancy using a validated caffeine assessment tool. Caffeine half-life (used here as proxy for clearance) was determined by measuring caffeine in saliva after a caffeine challenge. The primary outcome measure was FGR, which was determined by customised birth weight centile calculator and in a subgroup by serial ultrasound growth scan. Mean caffeine consumption decreased in the 1st and then increased in the 3rd trimester. Caffeine consumption throughout pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of FGR: OR = 1.2 (95% CI, 0.9 to 1.6) for 100-199 mg/day, OR = 1.5 (1.1 to 2.1) for 200- 299 mg/day, and OR = 1.4 (1.0 to 2.0) for over 300 mg/day compared to < 100 mg/day (Ptrend< 0.001). There was some evidence that the effect of caffeine on FGR was strongest in women with faster caffeine clearance (P = 0.06). On comparing outcome measure of FGR as defined by serial ultrasound growth scans in pregnancy and customised centile calculator, there was a moderate degree of agreement between the two methods (κ = 0.38, CI 0.26, 0.49). Caffeine consumption during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of FGR and this effect is continuous throughout pregnancy. This effect was observed from four weeks before pregnancy and was statistically significant in the first trimester. A public health recommendation for pregnant women would be to reduce or limit the caffeine intake to a maximum of 2 cups of tea/coffee per day. Future research is required to study the mechanistic effect of caffeine on trophoblastic tissue.
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Moucheraud, Corrina. "Evaluation of Strategies and Outcomes in Maternal and Child Health". Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:16121157.
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Maternal and child mortality, particularly during the neonatal period, are among the most challenging global health issues of this era. This burden disproportionately affects the poorest populations, across and within countries. And although many of these deaths would be avertable, improvements in most countries have been slow. This dissertation explores three main research questions: (1) what is the effect of maternal health on infant outcomes?; (2) what survival gains could be attained through improved interventions, across the continuum of care?; and (3) how do health system characteristics affect the potential impact and cost-effectiveness of such interventions? The first paper uses decision modeling to evaluate how increased use of family planning and of improved intrapartum care could reduce maternal deaths in Nepal—as well as the cost-effectiveness of doing so, and of accompanying interventions to achieve these targets. The second paper estimates the potential impact of administering interventions from the Safe Childbirth Checklist at health facilities in India, and how “real world” implementation might see different results due to health system characteristics. Lastly, the third paper examines child survival outcomes following a maternal death in Ethiopia, using a long-term household-level longitudinal dataset. Together, these papers aim to provide new insights on approaches to reducing the high level of mortality among women and children.Global Health and Population
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Adam, Ishag. "Malaria and anaemia the impact on maternal and perinatal outcomes /". Maastricht : Maastricht : Universitaire Pers ; University Library, Universiteit Maastricht [host], 2008. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=13482.
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Ruby, Jeannine Alberts. "Nonobstetric laparoscopy versus laparotomy during pregnancy maternal and fetal outcomes /". [New Haven, Conn. : s.n.], 2008. http://ymtdl.med.yale.edu/theses/available/etd-12092008-153253/.
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Umar, Abubakar Sadiq. "Use of Maternal Health Services and Pregnancy Outcomes in Nigeria". ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2079.
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Maternal health services (MHS) provide primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of prevention to achieve better pregnancy outcomes. However, use of prenatal and natal services among Nigerian women has been ranked among the lowest in the world and, consequently, the country is among the 10 countries with the highest maternal mortality ratio. Moreover, nationwide community-based studies on the use of maternal health services in Nigeria are limited. To address this gap, this quantitative, cross-sectional study analyzed the 2008 Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) data to identify whether Nigerian women's biological, cultural, and socioeconomic characteristics are associated with their use of MHS and pregnancy outcome as measured by number of antenatal visits, place of delivery, and fetal outcome. The Anderson's health behavior model was used as the theoretical framework for this study. Respondents were women aged 15 - 49 years (N= 31,985), who had given birth between January 2003 and December 2008. Bivariate and multiple logistic regressions were conducted. The results indicated that religion, education, income, and availability of skilled health workers showed consistent significant statistical association with both the number of ante natal care (ANC) visits and place of delivery even after controlling for covariates. Overall, these findings have potential for social change on the choice of public health interventions with collaboration with social services such as education, community, and labor sectors. Further, a systematic involvement of local communities is needed to drive specific culturally-sensitive interventions.
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Martino, Jole. "Metabolic alterations induced by high maternal BMI and gestational diabetes in maternal, placental and neonatal outcomes". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13714/.
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Maternal obesity and diabetes increase the risk of delivering large for gestational age infants (LGA), who have higher risk of long term obesity or metabolic syndrome [1]. As the underpinning mechanisms of how fetal growth is regulated by the placenta remain unclear [2], this thesis has investigated placental responses to high maternal BMI and gestational diabetes. Spanish pregnant women recruited at 20 gestational weeks were classified according to pre-pregnancy BMI as control (BMI<25kg/m2; n=59), overweight (BMI=25-30kg/m2; n=29) or obese (BMI>30kg/m2; n=22), and gestational diabetes status (GDM) classified at 28 weeks. Maternal anthropometry and gestational weight gain (GWG) were measured during pregnancy. Placenta, cord blood, newborn antrophometry and infant weight were sampled or measured. Expression of genes involved in placental energy sensing pathways, folate transporters and DNA methylation was determined using real-time PCR, and placental triglyceride concentrations, lipid peroxidation and genomic DNA methylation patterns measured. Data were analysed according to their parametric distribution by Kruskal-Wallis or 1-way ANOVA. Despite lower GWG, a greater proportion of obese women exceeded recommended weight gain [3], had higher placental weight and increased numbers of LGA infants. Maternal hyperinsulinaemia and hyperglycaemia with obesity were accompanied by unchanged placental IGFR1 and ISR1 expression, similar cord blood glucose and triglyceride concentrations. Placental mTOR was halved with obesity, whilst SIRT1 and UCP2 gene expression were 1.8 and 1.6 fold upregulated respectively with no differences in TBARS concentrations. Hyperleptinaemia in obese women resulted in unchanged placental leptin and leptin receptor expression, but higher cord blood leptin and monocyte concentrations with placental hypermethylation of genes involved in the immune response. Lower folate concentrations in obese mothers led to similar cord blood folate, and decreased placental FRα, but raised DNMT1, mRNA expression. No major differences were observed with GDM, probably due to small sample size. In conclusion, it appears that the placenta can protect the fetus of obese women by increasing antioxidant capacity, compensating for maternal hyperglycaemia and lower folate. However, maternal obesity was associated with enhanced cord blood leptin and monocyte concentrations, increased placental weight and more LGA delivery, leaving infants at ongoing risk of increased adiposity and inflammation. Therefore, current studies are currently exploring these interacting aspects.
25
Melgar, Dian L. (Dian Louise). "Effects of Maternal Aerobic Exercise on Selected Pregnancy Outcomes in Nulliparas". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278051/.
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This study evaluated the effects of participation in aerobic exercise on pregnancy
outcomes. Pregnancy outcomes included type of delivery, length of labor, gestational
age, neonatal birth weight, and maternal weight gain. The 137 nulliparas were categorized as active (N=44) or sedentary (N=93) based on self-reported aerobic
exercise. Findings from this study suggest that pregnant women who were active during
pregnancy were more likely to have vaginal deliveries than sedentary women. No
significant differences between active and sedentary women were found in neonatal birth weight, maternal weight gain, length of labor, or gestational age.
26
Clements, Andrea D., Wallace E. Jr Dixon i J. Gorneiwicz. "Maternal Temperament as a Predictor of Pregnancy, Birth, and Breastfeeding Outcomes". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7288.
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Tzemos, Kallirroe Kelly. "Maternal and Infant Outcomes of Pregnancy in Women with Cystic Fibrosis". The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306875106.
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Adanri, Olubunmi A. "Maternal Health Literacy, Antenatal Care, and Pregnancy Outcomes in Lagos, Nigeria". Thesis, Walden University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10282020.
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Maternal mortality, an example of poor maternal health outcomes, is widely accepted as an indicator of the overall health of a population. One of the Millennium Development Goals was reduction in maternal mortality by 3 quarters by 2015. These goals were not met in Nigeria and it is important to look at some of the reasons why. Education has been shown to have positive impact on pregnancy outcomes; however, the characteristics of pregnant women, their health literacy level, their usage of antenatal care services and how these impact pregnancy outcomes are yet to be analyzed in Lagos, Nigeria. Guided by the social cognitive theory and health belief model, the purpose of this cross-sectional quantitative study was to determine if there is a relationship between maternal health literacy, antenatal care visits, development of medical conditions during pregnancy, and pregnancy outcomes (measured by healthy or unhealthy baby) in Lagos, Nigeria. The research question for this study tested if there was a relationship between these variables. Lisa Chew’s health literacy assessment tool was used in a sample of 130 women in Shomolu local government in Nigeria who met the inclusion criteria. Using binary logistic correlations, only problems developed during pregnancy is statistically significant with pregnancy outcomes (p < .05). The results suggested an increase in problems developed during pregnancy most likely will increase the chance of having negative pregnancy outcomes. Results from this study could promote positive social change by helping health professionals identify the characteristics of at-risk women during antenatal education sessions. The results could also help health professionals in the development of targeted antenatal care interventions.
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Lydon-Rochelle, Mona Theresa. "Method of delivery and risk of subsequent adverse maternal health outcomes /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7286.
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Creeth, Hugo. "Exploring a novel mechanism instructing maternal care and influencing offspring outcomes". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/101585/.
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Pregnancy induces numerous changes in the physiology of the mother as she adapts to the metabolically demanding fetus developing within her womb. It is during this period of intense physiological stress that she begins to develop the maternal behaviours that will ultimately support the nurturing of the offspring after parturition and protect them from harm. In human pregnancies, women are particularly susceptible to mood disorders which may reflect an enhanced vulnerability induced by pregnancy. The placenta is the key organ of pregnancy driving the physiological and potentially the behavioural changes required for a successful pregnancy. Placental dysfunction may contribute to maternal mood disorders by mis-programming maternal behaviour, a relationship that can be explored in a tractable animal model. Imprinted genes are expressed in the placenta and have been implicated in the regulation of key endocrine lineage of the mouse placenta. Phlda2 is a maternally expressed imprinted gene that regulates one such lineage, the Spongiotrophoblast (SpT), which is a source of placental lactogens and a number of other hormones. Placental lactogens belong to the same hormone family as prolactin and some members of this family mediate their action via the Prolactin Receptor (Prlr). Both prolactin and the Prlr have been directly shown to be required for the establishment of maternal care behaviour in rodents. This led to the hypothesis that Phlda2 might modulate maternal care in rodents by regulating the size of the placental endocrine compartment. To test this hypothesis, we used three cohorts of Wildtype (WT) dams carrying fetuses that possessed either a 50% reduction in the SpT, resulting from a double dose of Phlda2 (Mouseline: Phlda2 +/+ BACx1, TG; 2X) or a 200% increase in the SpT, resulting from a null dose of Phlda2 (Mouseline: Phlda2 -/+), KO; 0X) or 100% of the WT size of the SpT, resulting from a single dose of Phlda2 (Mouseline: Phlda2 +/+, WT; 1X) generated using Recipient Embryo Transfer (RET). Maternal behaviour was studied postpartum and a biomolecular characterisation was performed during pregnancy using microarray and Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) to look at changes in maternal gene expression and a histological approach used to examine maternal neurogenesis in the Sub-ventricular Zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles and Sub-Granular Zone (SGZ) of the hippocampus. Additionally, a study was made of male offspring carrying the Phlda2 transgene (TG), which were previously shown to be low birth weight, their non-transgenic litter mates (NON-TG) and a fully WT cohort of mice to ask whether placental endocrine dysfunction in utero programmed altered behaviour later in life. The results of this first study showed distinct changes in pup retrieval, nest building and the dam’s grooming and licking behaviour with dams exposed to the smaller endocrine compartment spending less time with their pups. Specific maternal brain regions showed altered transcriptional profiles at Embryonic Day (E) 16.5 of pregnancy and there was a significant reduction in neurogenesis. While there were no differences in anxiety or locomotor activity levels in the offspring cohorts, there were significant changes in hedonic response in both the TG and NON-TG offspring. Together, these data provide the first evidence that imprinted genes can influence both maternal care behaviour and offspring behavioural outcomes via the placental endocrine compartment. This work has wider implications since human studies have shown that elevated placental PHLDA2 is a common features of human growth restricted pregnancies. There is a a co-occurrence of low birth weight and maternal mood disorders with mothers experiencing prenatal depression having a three-fold increased risk of a Low Birth Weight (LBW) baby. Aberrant imprinting in the placenta could account for this co-occurrence.
31
Adanri, Olubunmi. "Maternal Health Literacy, Antenatal Care, and Pregnancy Outcomes in Lagos, Nigeria". ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3651.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Maternal mortality, an example of poor maternal health outcomes, is widely accepted as an indicator of the overall health of a population. One of the Millennium Development Goals was reduction in maternal mortality by 3 quarters by 2015. These goals were not met in Nigeria and it is important to look at some of the reasons why. Education has been shown to have positive impact on pregnancy outcomes; however, the characteristics of pregnant women, their health literacy level, their usage of antenatal care services and how these impact pregnancy outcomes are yet to be analyzed in Lagos, Nigeria. Guided by the social cognitive theory and health belief model, the purpose of this cross-sectional quantitative study was to determine if there is a relationship between maternal health literacy, antenatal care visits, development of medical conditions during pregnancy, and pregnancy outcomes (measured by healthy or unhealthy baby) in Lagos, Nigeria. The research question for this study tested if there was a relationship between these variables. Lisa Chew's health literacy assessment tool was used in a sample of 130 women in Shomolu local government in Nigeria who met the inclusion criteria. Using binary logistic correlations, only problems developed during pregnancy is statistically significant with pregnancy outcomes (p < .05). The results suggested an increase in problems developed during pregnancy most likely will increase the chance of having negative pregnancy outcomes. Results from this study could promote positive social change by helping health professionals identify the characteristics of at-risk women during antenatal education sessions. The results could also help health professionals in the development of targeted antenatal care interventions.
32
Buttling, Lauren G. "Maternal Residential Proximity to Central Appalachian Surface Mining and Adverse Birth Outcomes". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/98651.
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Maternal residency in Central Appalachian coalfields has been associated with low birth weight at the county-level. To refine the relationship between proximity and adverse birth outcomes, this study employs finer spatial scales of exposure. Spatiotemporal characterizations of surface mining boundaries in Central Appalachia between 1986-2015 were developed using Landsat data. The maternal address field on births records from VA, WV, KY, and TN were geocoded and assigned amount of surface mining within a 5km radius of residence (street-level). Births were also assigned exposures based on the amount of surface mining within residential ZIP code tabulation area (ZCTA) (ZIP code-level). Using linear and logistic regression, associations between surface mining activities during gestation and birth weight, preterm birth, low birth weight, and term low birth weight were determined, adjusting for available demographic factors. An increase in surface mining activities was negatively associated with birth weight at the street-level (β = −8.93g; (95% CI = -12.69 -5.7, P= <0.001) and ZIP code-level (β = −4.41g ; 95% CI = -6.30, -2.52, P= <0.001). Small, statistically significant associations were also found between preterm birth and mining within 5km of residence (OR = 1.003; 95% CI = 1.001, 1.005, P= 0.003) and within maternal ZCTA (OR = 1.002; 95% CI = 1.001, 1.003, P=0.001). Relationships were also found between amount of mining within 5km of residence and low birth weight and term low birth weight outcomes. This study found subtle, but significant associations between proximity to active surface mining during gestation and adverse birth outcomes.M.S.
Central Appalachian surface mining produces air, water, and noise pollution, all of which have been associated with increased risk of adverse birth outcomes. Previous studies examining associations between surface mining and adverse birth outcomes rely upon relatively coarse county-level data. This research compares outcomes from hundreds of thousands of individual birth records and proximity of maternal home address to surface mines for a fine-scale, epidemiological study. Surface mining boundaries between 1986-2015 were developed using satellite imagery. Birth records from VA, WV, KY, and TN were geocoded and assigned the amount of surface mining within a 5km radius of residence. Births were also assigned exposures based on the amount of surface mining within residential ZIP code since geocoding led to a considerable loss of records. Associations between proximity to surface mining during gestation and birth weight, preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW), and term low birth weight (tLBW) were determined by linear and logistic regression, adjusting for available demographic factors. Results demonstrate significantly decreased birth weights were found near active mining operations. Mothers living near active surface mining also saw a slight increase in the odds of their birth being PTB, LBW or tLBW. These results suggest there is a subtle, but significant relationship between proximity to surface mining and adverse birth outcomes.
33
Ogden, Lori. "THE IMPACT OF MATERNAL NUTRITION DURING PREGNANCY ON INFLAMMATION AND BIRTH OUTCOMES". UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/nursing_etds/49.
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More than 85% of American adults do not consume recommended amounts of fruits or vegetables. Preterm birth and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are common adverse conditions affecting pregnancy and are leading causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Preterm birth affects nearly 10% of all births in the United States and is on the rise, as are hypertensive disorders, which have increased by 25% over the last two decades. Pregnancy is a state of controlled inflammation, and dysregulation has been linked to preterm birth and other adverse gestational outcomes. A healthy diet is recommended in pregnancy, but little is known about the effect fruit and vegetable intake on perinatal outcomes. Omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids are essential dietary components and are known to affect inflammatory state, but little is known about how they affect inflammation in pregnancy. As current evidence is lacking, further research is needed to investigate the relationships between maternal nutrition in pregnancy, inflammation and birth outcomes.
The purposes of this dissertation were to: 1) to review and evaluate the current evidence on the relationship between n-3 fatty acids and inflammation in pregnancy; 2) to evaluate the current state of the science on the impact of maternal dietary consumption of fruits and vegetables on preterm birth, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, small for gestational age, gestational weight gain and measures of inflammation or oxidative stress in pregnancy; and 3) to examine relationships between maternal dietary intake of fruits and vegetables, cytokine expression in early and mid-pregnancy, preterm birth and gestational hypertension.
A critical review of literature examining the relationship between inflammation and n-3 intake during pregnancy found that multiple inflammatory cytokines in maternal and fetal tissues were lower in women who received n-3 supplements. A second review of literature review supported an inverse relationship between fruit and vegetables and risk of preeclampsia and suboptimal fetal growth. The available evidence was insufficient to establish relationships between fruit and vegetable intake and gestational diabetes, preterm birth or inflammation. A study evaluating the relationships between maternal fruit and vegetable intake, inflammation and birth outcomes was conducted. This study
provided evidence supporting a relationship between first and second trimester cytokine expression and maternal dietary intake of fruits and vegetables. Those who met recommended vegetable intake in the first trimester had higher first trimester serum CRP, IL1-α, IL-6 and TNF-α and lower first trimester cervicovaginal IL-6 levels. Those who met recommendations for first trimester fruit intake had 56% lower risk for preterm birth. Those who met second trimester vegetable intake recommendations had more than twice the risk of developing gestational hypertension.
The results of this dissertation provide support for the beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids and fruit and vegetable intake in pregnancy. Maternal intake of these dietary components may promote optimal immune status during pregnancy. Supplementation of maternal omega-3 fatty acids may help regulate inflammation via the anti-inflammatory effects their bioactive eicosanoids exert. Fruit and vegetables have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that may also help balance the inflammatory state during pregnancy. These dietary components may help promote favorable immune status during pregnancy and reduce risk of adverse perinatal outcomes such as poor fetal growth, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and preterm birth.
34
Perez, López Faustino R., Vinay Pasupuleti, Edward Mezones-Holguín, Priyaleela Thota, Abhishek Deshpande, Adrian V. Hernández i Vicente A. Benítes-Zapata. "Effect of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". Elsevier B.V, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/347325.
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faustino.perez@unizar.esObjective: To assess the effects of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy on obstetric outcomes and birth variables. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Setting: Not applicable. Patient(s): Pregnant women and neonates. Intervention(s): PubMed and 5 other research databases were searched through March 2014 for RCTs evaluating vitamin D supplementation calcium/vitamins/ferrous sulfate vs. a control (placebo or active) during pregnancy. Main Outcome Measure(s): Measures were: circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), small for gestational age (SGA), low birth weight, preterm birth, birth weight, birth length, cesarean section. Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effects models were used, owing to expected scarcity of outcomes. Effects were reported as relative risks and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Result(s): Thirteen RCTs (n ¼ 2,299) were selected. Circulating 25(OH)D levels were significantly higher at term, compared with the control group (mean difference: 66.5 nmol/L, 95% CI 66.2–66.7). Birth weight and birth length were significantly greater for neonates in the vitamin D group; mean difference: 107.6 g (95% CI 59.9–155.3 g) and 0.3 cm (95% CI 0.10–0.41 cm), respectively. Incidence of preeclampsia, GDM, SGA, low birth weight, preterm birth, and cesarean section were not influenced by vitamin D supplementation. Across RCTs, the doses and types of vitamin D supplements, gestational age at first administration, and outcomes were heterogeneous. Conclusion(s): Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy was associated with increased circulating 25(OH)D levels, birth weight, and birth length, and was not associated with other maternal and neonatal outcomes. Larger, better-designed RCTs evaluating clinically relevant outcomes are necessary to reach a definitive conclusion. (Fertil Steril 2015;-:-–-. 2015 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.)
Revisión por pares
35
Yusof, Safiah Mohd. "Factors affecting birth outcomes in South Asian women". Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300817.
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Mena, Melisa A. "The Dose-Response of Maternal Exercise Volume on Newborn and Placental Outcomes". Scholarly Repository, 2007. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/9.
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Current ACOG guidelines recommend exercise during a low-risk pregnancy for 30 minutes on most, if not all days of the week. However, little is known about how the volume of exercise performed during pregnancy affects fetoplacental size. In addition, the confounding effects of maternal nutrient intake and weight gain, and how they interact with exercise volume to influence fetoplacental size have not been appropriately addressed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of varying maternal exercise volumes on neonatal birthweight and placental volume, while addressing the influence of maternal nutrient intake and weight gain. Subjects evaluated for this study included pregnant women who walked during gestation (n=26), performed non-walking aerobic exercise during gestation (n=30), or remained as sedentary controls (n=32). At 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36 weeks gestation, women recorded their nutrient intake for 3 consecutive days. Additionally, they kept monthly exercise logs indicating the type and duration of their exercise. Nutrient variables calculated included average daily Calorie intake, average daily carbohydrate intake, average daily protein intake, average daily fat intake, and average daily fiber intake. Exercise volume was calculated as the average number of minutes per week spent performing exercise. Latent growth modeling was the statistical procedure used to analyze how change in maternal exercise volume and nutrient intake throughout gestation affects neonatal outcomes. Neonatal outcomes measured were birthweight, corrected birthweight for gestational age, sex, race, and socioeconomic status, and placental volume at delivery. Maternal walking volume had no effect on newborn birthweight or corrected birthweight, while it was inversely related to placental size at birth. Maternal non-walking aerobic exercise volume was inversely related with newborn birthweight, while there was a trend toward an inverse relationship with corrected birthweight and placental volume. Controlling for Calorie intake strengthened the relationship between any form of exercise volume and infant birthweight. Calorie intake, carbohydrate intake, and protein intake were all positively related to infant birthweight. Fiber intake was significantly inversely related to placental volume. Finally, maternal exercise volume and nutrient intake were not related to maternal weight gain. This data suggests that neonatal outcome will be affected by variations in exercise protocol. In addition, nutrient intake is a potentially confounding variable that should be examined when undertaking studies addressing the role of maternal exercise on neonatal outcome.
37
Workneh, Nibretie Gobezie. "Socioeconomic Status-Related Inequities on Maternal Health Services: Trends, Associations, and Outcomes". ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2246.
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Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in Ethiopia remains one of the highest in the world due in part to very limited use of maternal health services. However, the underlying factors for limited use of the services and hence the high MMR are not well known. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with use of maternal health services and maternal health risks, to analyze inequity patterns between use of maternal health services and maternal health risks, and to measure the magnitude and trends in inequity. Behavioral-cultural and structural theories of health inequalities were used to frame the study. Research questions included whether there were trends of inequity in use of maternal health services, if sociodemographic characteristics were associated with use of the services, and whether inequities in use of the services were associated with maternal health risks. The study design was quantitative and used data collected through Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted in 2000, 2005, and 2011. DHS had employed stratified 2-stage cluster design; this analysis used logistic regression method, odds ratio chi-square test, and correlation measures. The findings indicated statistically significant inequities on use of antenatal care and skilled birth attendant services associated with women's residence, level of education, income, administrative region, distance to a health facility, out-of-pocket payment for health services, and involvement in decision making. Based on the findings, it is recommended to design maternal health policies and programs that improve access and use of the services, specifically for women in rural areas, with no education and with limited economic capacity. Further research is also recommended for regions where sample size was limited. Maternal health policies and programs designed to reach the most disadvantaged women could increase service use and improve maternal health, leading to positive social change.
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Laverty, Meghan. "Association Between Maternal Pertussis Vaccination During Pregnancy and Early Childhood Health Outcomes". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40084.
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Background: Little is known about whether there are any longer-term adverse health effects in children following Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis) vaccination during pregnancy. Objective: To assess the association between maternal Tdap vaccination during pregnancy and risk of the following early childhood adverse health outcomes: (1) infections (upper and lower respiratory tract infections, gastrointestinal infections, and otitis media), (2) pediatric asthma, (3) neoplasm, (4) vision or hearing loss, and (5) urgent and in-patient health services utilization. Methods: This retrospective cohort study used multiple linked health administrative databases in the province of Ontario, Canada containing vaccine information in mothers and information on health outcomes in their children up to age 6 years. Infants exposed to prenatal Tdap were matched 1:5 with unexposed infants and outcomes were compared using hazard ratios and incidence rate ratios. Results: No significant adverse associations between prenatal Tdap and our study outcomes were observed. Inverse associations were found with upper respiratory infections (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR]: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93-0.99), lower respiratory infections (aIRR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.89-0.98), gastrointestinal infections (aIRR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.82-0.94), and urgent and in-patient health service utilization (aIRR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.94-0.97). Conclusions: Our findings support the long-term safety of Tdap administration in pregnancy.
39
Kilgus, M., Andres Pumariega, Pat Wade, Michele R. Moser i V. Holtzwarth. "CALOCUS: Correlation to Child Welfare Outcomes". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2003. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4970.
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Woreta, Fikadu. "Maternal and foetal outcomes of deliveries attended to at Emkhuzweni Health Centre in Swaziland". Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/688.
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Thesis (M Med(Family Medicine)) -- University of Limpopo, 2010.Abstract AIM The aim of the study was to measure the maternal and foetal outcomes of the deliveries attended to at Emkhuzweni Health Centre, Swaziland. Objectives The objectives of the study were: .:. To determine maternal outcomes of the deliveries attended to at Emkhuzweni Health Centre. .:. To determine foetal outcomes of the deliveries attended to at Emkhuzweni Health Centre. .:. To identify risk factors that affect maternal and foetal outcomes at Emkhuzweni Health Centre Methods A retrospective chart review was performed for all 520 deliveries at Emkhuzweni Health Centre between January 1,2007 and December 31 2007. Labouring mothers were eligible for the study if they met the inclusion criteria. The study was conducted after ethical approvals from the relevant authorities were obtained. Data were obtained from records for the following variables: age, address, gravidity, parity, health service where ANC was attended, risk factor, mode of delivery, maternal condition after delivery and post-delivery maternal hospital stay. For each foetus, the APGAR score at the first and fifth minute, weight and sex of the neonate and condition after delivery were recorded. Results The results revealed that the maternal outcomes after delivery were normal for 89.85% of the mothers; 3.4% of those who delivered at EHC had PPH, 5.4% developed puerperal sepsis, 1 % PIH and 0.2% cases resulted in maternal death. The majority of mothers (61.7%) were discharged from the maternity ward in less than 24 hrs. As far as foetal outcomes were concerned, normal babies accounted for 68% of births, early onset neonatal sepsis for 1.9%, congenital malformation (0.6%), stillbirth (1.5%), low birth weight (9.2%), preterm babies (17.8 %) and neonatal death (0.4%0. Conclusion This study found that the maternal outcomes at Emkhuzweni Health Centre in 2007 were similar to those in Swaziland as a whole and in other developing countries, except that there was a higher rate of pre-term delivery among pregnant women assisted at Emkhuzweni Health Centre. The foetal outcomes of Emkhuzweni Health Centre in 2007 were similar to the data from developing countries. Additionally, however; significant numbers of pre-term babies were delivered and a high incidence of neonatal sepsis was observed at the Health Centre. Some of the risk factors for the observed maternal and foetal outcomes were poor antenatal care attendance, distance of the Health Centre from the home state of the pregnant woman, preterm labour, under age and teenage pregnancies.
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Quy, Katie. "Children's emotional outcomes : the role of coping style and maternal and family factors". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10020661/.
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Although a conceptually problematic construct, coping has been found to play an important role in development and wellbeing. Coping in children remains, however, a relatively sparsely researched area of study. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between children's coping styles and emotional outcomes, with particular reference to family factors, and maternal mental health and coping. Based on a review of the literature, it was hypothesised that particular coping styles would be associated with aspects of family functioning and children's symptoms. A new instrument designed to assess children's coping as a multidimensional construct was designed for use in this study. Results indicated that, as hypothesised, there were consistent relationships between family factors, such as maternal mental health, parentchild relationship quality and parent relationship quality, and children's coping, and also between children's coping and children's anxiety and somatic symptoms. In line with hypotheses, deficits in thought and emotion regulation were associated with greater anxiety and somatic symptoms, while strategies associated with self efficacy and constructive strategies were associated with lower symptom levels. Girls were more likely than boys to respond with preoccupation and perseveration and feelings of helplessness, while boys were more likely to report a positive outlook and feel capable of managing negative emotions. Better maternal mental health, positive parent-child relationships and harmonious parental relationships were associated with a more constructive coping style in children, while poorer ratings of maternal mental health, negative parent-child relationships and discordant parent relationships were associated with poor emotion and thought regulation in children. Aspects of mothers' coping were found to be associated with children's coping response styles, providing some support for the role of modelling in the development of children's coping. Contrary to expectation however, there were very few direct associations observed between family factors and children's anxiety and somatic symptoms. These results are discussed in the context of previous research. Limitations of the research are discussed and a number of potentially fruitful areas for future research and implications for interventions and practice are described.
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Friebert, Alyssa Marie. "Assessment of Maternal and Infant Outcomes of Moderately Malnourished Pregnant Adolescents in Malawi". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2018. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1884.
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Background: Adolescent childbearing and maternal malnutrition are common in low- and middle-income countries and are associated with increased risk for poor maternal and infant outcomes. Adolescent pregnancy compounded with moderate malnutrition exacerbates outcomes common to both individually. Supplementary foods may be a way to improve outcomes in malnourished adolescent pregnant women.
Objective: To retrospectively assess maternal and infant outcomes in moderately malnourished pregnant young adolescents (16-17 YO), older adolescents (18-19 YO), and adults (≥20 YO) in response to one of three nutritional interventions and in a pooled treatment group analysis, and to assess differences in infant outcomes by infant gender.
Methods: Height, weight, MUAC, and FH were measured in pregnant women with MUAC >20.6 cm and < 23.0 cm at baseline (N=1828) every 2 weeks over the course of enrollment while receiving either: 1) macro- and micronutrient fortified, peanut-based, ready-to-use supplementary food (RUSF), 2) corn-soy blended flour with a prenatal multiple micronutrient supplement (CSB-UNIMMAP), or 3) corn-soy blended flour with iron and folic acid (CSB-IFA). Each provided approximately double the RDA of most micronutrients, 900 kcal/day and 33-36 g/day protein. Postpartum maternal and infant measurements were taken at delivery, and after 6 and 12 weeks. Maternal age at enrollment variable was transformed from a continuous variable into a categorical variable; young adolescent (16-17 YO), older adolescent (18-19 YO), and adults (≥20 YO). General linear models with normal errors were used to compare: 1. Adolescent maternal and infant outcomes by intervention, 2. Adolescent maternal and infant outcomes by maternal age within each intervention group, 3. Maternal and infant outcomes in a pooled treatment analysis by maternal age, 4. Interaction effects between maternal age and intervention, 5. Infant outcomes by infant gender. If differences between groups were detected, they were tested using the Tukey HSD test (response) or the likelihood ratio-based odds ratios (categorical). Odds ratios were measured using effects likelihood ratio tests via logistic regression. Response variables included in the analyses were BMI and fundal height at enrollment.
Results: There were 297 young adolescents, 582 older adolescents, and 949 adults enrolled. Adolescents enrolled in the study at a younger gestational age than the adult mothers. Upon enrollment, BMI was greater and FH was smaller in the adolescent mothers than adults. At delivery, adolescent mothers had gained less weight on treatment, delivered with a lower final MUAC and FH, had increased odds of delivering extremely prematurely, and the greatest odds for delivering before recovery from malnutrition (MUAC ≥23.0 cm). Infants of young adolescent mothers were inferior anthropometrically to infants of the older mothers and had greatest odds of being underweight and stunted through 12 weeks of age. Young adolescents had the greatest odds for delivering LBW infants compared to the adults. Catch up growth was observed in the infants of older adolescents by 12 weeks of age; however, no catch up was observed for the infants of young adolescents. No one intervention was more helpful than another in determining maternal and infant outcomes of the adolescent mothers, and male infants had greater odds of being underweight and stunted at 6 and 12 weeks of age.
Conclusions: Although adolescents did not appear to have characteristics of more severe clinical malnutrition, such as lower BMI, lower maternal height, and increased rates of HIV at baseline, maternal and infant outcomes were worse for the adolescent mothers compared to the older, more mature mothers. Adolescents gained less weight during pregnancy and delivered smaller infants that were unable to catch up linearly and with weight gain. Pregnant adolescents, particularly young adolescents, are a high-risk population and public health efforts should be made to delay the age of first pregnancy.
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Lebovitz, Yeonwoo. "Modulation of Neurodevelopmental Outcomes using Lactobacillus in a Model of Maternal Microbiome Dysbiosis". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/94328.
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Neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, are a heterogeneous set of developmental disorders affecting the central nervous system. Studies into their etiology remain challenging, as neurodevelopmental disorders frequently present with a wide range of biological, behavioral, and comorbid symptomologies. Increasing epidemiological reports of antibiotic use during pregnancy as a significant correlate of subsequent mental disorder diagnosis in children suggest a mechanism of influence via the maternal gut-fetal brain axis. Importantly, antibiotics cause dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and disrupt the delicate composition of the microbial inoculum transferred from mother to child, which is critical for development of the immune system and holds implications for long-term health outcomes. The research objective of this dissertation is to reveal a causal mechanism of maternal microbial influence on neurodevelopment by examining the brain's resident immune cells, microglia, and corresponding behavioral outcomes in a mouse model of antibiotics-driven maternal microbiome dysbiosis (MMD). We identify early gross motor deficits and social behavior impairments in offspring born to MMD dams, which paralleled hyperactivated microglia in brain regions specific to cognition and social reward. The MMD microglia also exhibited altered transcriptomic signatures reflective of premature cellular senescence that support evidence of impaired synaptic modeling found in MMD brains. We report that these deficits are rescued in the absence of Cx3cr1, a chemokine receptor expressed ubiquitously on microglia, to highlight a pathway in which maternal microbiota may signal to neonatal microglia to undergo appropriate neurodevelopmental actions. Finally, we characterize Lactobacillus murinus HU-1, a novel strain of an important gut bacterium found in native rodent microbiota, and demonstrate its use as a probiotic to restore microglial and behavioral dysfunction in MMD offspring.Ph. D.
Population studies on neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, highlight antibiotic use during pregnancy as a major correlate of subsequent diagnoses in children. These findings support a growing body of evidence from animal and human studies that the microbial ecosystems (“microbiome”) found in and on our bodies play significant roles in mental health, including mood, cognition, and brain function. Importantly, antibiotics during pregnancy create an imbalance of the gut microbiome (“dysbiosis”) and disrupt the microbial inoculum transferred from mother to child, which is critical for maturation of the infant immune system and holds implications for long-term health outcomes. Thus, the research objective of this dissertation is to identify a mechanism of influence from the mother’s gut to the neonate’s brain by examining the brain’s resident immune cells (“microglia”) in a mouse model of antibiotics-driven maternal microbiome dysbiosis (MMD). We uncover autism-like behavioral deficits and dysfunctional microglia in MMD offspring, and characterize signaling cues specific to microglia by which improper neurodevelopment may be taking place. We also reveal that the detrimental effects of MMD are reversed in mice born to mothers pretreated with a probiotic candidate, Lactobacillus murinus HU-1, to suggest maternally-derived Lactobacillus may help to mediate proper neurodevelopment.
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Larson, Holly A. "Comparison of Neonatal Outcomes in Maternal Users and Non-Users of Herbal Supplements". The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1211573673.
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Alonso-Ventura, Vanesa, Yangzhou Li, Vinay Pasupuleti, Yuani M. Roman, Adrian V. Hernandez i Faustino R. Pérez-López. "Effects of preeclampsia and eclampsia on maternal metabolic and biochemical outcomes in later life: a systematic review and meta-analysis". W.B. Saunders, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652437.
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Objective: To evaluate the association between preeclampsia (PE) and eclampsia (E) on subsequent metabolic and biochemical outcomes. Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. We searched five engines until November 2018 for studies evaluating the effects of PE/E on metabolic and biochemical outcomes after delivery. PE was defined as presence of hypertension and proteinuria at >20 weeks of pregnancy; controls did not have PE/E. Primary outcomes were blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), metabolic syndrome (MetS), blood lipids and glucose levels. Random effects models were used for meta-analyses, and effects reported as risk difference (RD) or mean difference (MD) and their 95% confidence interval (CI). Subgroup analyses by time of follow up, publication year, and confounder adjustment were performed. Results: We evaluated 41 cohorts including 3300 PE/E and 13,967 normotensive controls. Women were followed up from 3 months after delivery up to 32 years postpartum. In comparison to controls, PE/E significantly increased systolic BP (MD = 8.3 mmHg, 95%CI 6.8 to 9.7), diastolic BP (MD = 6.8 mmHg, 95%CI 5.6 to 8.0), BMI (MD = 2.0 kg/m2; 95%CI 1.6 to 2.4), waist (MD = 4.3 cm, 95%CI 3.1 to 5.5), waist-to-hip ratio (MD = 0.02, 95%CI 0.01 to 0.03), weight (MD = 5.1 kg, 95%CI 2.2 to 7.9), total cholesterol (MD = 4.6 mg/dL, CI 1.5 to 7.7), LDL (MD = 4.6 mg/dL; 95%CI 0.2 to 8.9), triglycerides (MD = 7.7 mg/dL, 95%CI 3.6 to 11.7), glucose (MD = 2.6 mg/dL, 95%CI 1.2 to 4.0), insulin (MD = 19.1 pmol/L, 95%CI 11.9 to 26.2), HOMA-IR index (MD = 0.7, 95%CI 0.2 to 1.2), C reactive protein (MD = 0.05 mg/dL, 95%CI 0.01 to 0.09), and the risks of hypertension (RD = 0.24, 95%CI 0.15 to 0.33) and MetS (RD = 0.11, 95%CI 0.08 to 0.15). Also, PE/E reduced HDL levels (MD = –2.15 mg/dL, 95%CI –3.46 to −0.85). Heterogeneity of effects was high for most outcomes. Risk of bias was moderate across studies. Subgroup analyses showed similar effects as main analyses. Conclusion: Women who had PE/E have worse metabolic and biochemical profile than those without PE/E in an intermediate to long term follow up period. ©Revisión por pares
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Lanes, Andrea. "Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes Associated with the Use of Assisted Reproductive Technologies". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36022.
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Assisted reproductive technologies have become a common method used to treat infertility. These techniques have advanced quickly since the first birth of an in vitro fertilization (IVF) baby in 1978, at the Royal Oldham Hospital in the United Kingdom. Currently, IVF with or without intracytoplasmic sperm injection, is used throughout the world to achieve oocyte retrieval, fertilization, implantation of an embryo, clinical pregnancy, ongoing clinical pregnancy, and a live-born infant. The rationale for selecting one type of fertility treatment over another is multifactorial: the confirmed or unconfirmed cause of infertility, the age of the gamete donor and the recipient, the availability of the type of treatment, and the cost associated with the treatment. The ultimate goal of any fertility treatment is to achieve a successful pregnancy that results in a healthy infant. However, the literature is equivocal on the effects of fertility treatment cycles on the health outcomes of infants and mothers.
Presently, there are thirty-six fertility treatment centres across Canada, eighteen of which reside in Ontario. A national, comprehensive database of assisted reproductive technology treatment cycles (Canadian Assisted Reproductive Technologies Register (CARTR) Plus) began collecting data in 2013, and has made the research objectives of this doctoral thesis feasible. Before this data collection system, population-wide studies involving fertility treatments were not possible in Canada. Two understudied issues associated with IVF are the impact of fertility treatments on the maternal serum screening markers used in prenatal screening programs to identify fetal aneuploidies; and the association between fertility treatments and adverse perinatal outcomes, such as preeclampsia and stillbirth. Given the increasing number of women who are using fertility treatments to conceive, it is imperative that studies investigating the association with adverse outcomes are conducted.
As the science supporting fertility treatment procedure has advanced, so has prenatal screening. One of the first screening tests that are performed for newly pregnant women, including women who conceived following IVF, is maternal serum screening. The first objective of this doctoral thesis was to systematically review the literature on the association between IVF treatment and maternal serum screening marker levels and nuchal translucency (NT) thickness. After the search and screening of the literature there were 40 studies that were included in this systematic review. A decrease in pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) and an increase in total human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was consistently reported for IVF pregnancies. However, since the levels of the other maternal serum screening markers reported also varied we were unable to generalize about the differences between prenatal screening results in the IVF population. These results led to investigating maternal serum screening marker levels among IVF patients in Ontario, Canada.
The second objective of this thesis was three-fold: 1) to investigate the accuracy of IVF identification on the Ontario prenatal screening record, relative to reference standard on the CARTR Plus database; 2) to compare the prenatal screening markers in IVF versus non-IVF pregnancies in the population of Ontario; and 3) to propose updated IVF adjustment factors for prenatal screening in the Ontario population, based on the more accurate coding for IVF status in the CARTR Plus database. Significant differences between IVF and non-IVF groups, based on both the prenatal screening requisition information and CARTR Plus information, were found among the ethnicity adjusted mean multiple of the median (MoM)s for several prenatal screening markers: alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), PAPP-A, unconjugated estriol (µE3), first trimester hCG, total hCG, and dimeric inhibin A (DIA). When we developed the proposed adjustment factors for all CARTR Plus identified pregnancies we found that for PAPP-A, total hCG, and µE3 the mean adjusted marker MoMs were significantly closer to 1.00, as compared to the prenatal screening adjusted or the unadjusted mean marker MoMs. Currently, there is no adjustment made to the other maternal serum screening markers and NT measurement.
The third objective was to examine the effect of type of infertility on placental-mediated adverse outcomes (preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, placental abruption, and stillbirth). Type of infertility was classified as male factor (sperm count, poor sperm motility, and abnormal sperm morphology), female factor (ovulation disorders, tubal infertility, and uterine or cervical causes), and unexplained infertility. No significant associations were found between type of conception and the composite outcome, as well as each individual primary outcome. Similarly, the type of infertility was not associated with the composite outcome or any of the individual primary outcomes, except for female factor infertility, which was associated with increased probability of placental abruption.
Overall, the results from this doctoral thesis suggest that there are substantial differences seen in maternal serum screening marker MoMs among women who use IVF to conceive, suggesting that appropriate adjustment factors should be employed to ensure accurate results for determining the risk of Down syndrome and trisomy 18. Additionally, although the literature has shown an association between fertility treatment and placental-mediated adverse outcomes no significant associations were found in the population of Ontario. Further studies should be performed to confirm the results of these observational studies.
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Wilson, Ronee Elisha. "Influence of Maternal Thyroid Dysfunction on Infant Growth and Development". Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4964.
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Thyroid dysfunction is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women of childbearing age and the obstetric consequences of abnormal thyroid hormone levels during pregnancy have been established. Less understood is the implication of the presence of maternal thyroid autoantibodies on infant outcomes among women who are euthyroid during pregnancy. The objective of this study was two-fold: 1) to examine the influence of antenatal thyroperioxidase (TPO) status on fetal/infant brain and body growth measurements at delivery and 2) to explore the relationship of antenatal TPO status and maternal postpartum thyroid dysfunction (PPTD) on early infant growth and neurocognitive development. Six-hundred thirty-one (631) euthyroid pregnant women were recruited from prenatal clinics in Tampa Bay, Florida and the surrounding area between November 2007 and December 2010. TPO status was determined during pregnancy and fetal/infant brain and body growth variables were assessed at delivery. A subsample of forty-one (41) mother-infant dyads participated in a 6-month longitudinal supplemental study. Infant growth assessments were conducted at 3, 4, 5 and 6 months postpartum. Regression analysis revealed maternal TPO positivity was significantly associated with smaller head circumference, reduced brain weight and lower brain-body-ratio; however maternal race/ethnicity was identified as an effect modifier in the relationship. No significant differences were noted in birth weight, birth length, abdominal circumference or chest circumference measurements among infants born to TPO positive mothers of any racial/ethnic group as compared to their negative counterparts. Mixed model analysis of the smaller subset (n=41) revealed infants of TPO+ mothers were smaller at birth but experienced accelerated growth between birth to 3 months when compared to infants born to TPO- mothers. This acceleration led to their catch-up in growth to their TPO negative counterparts by 3 months of age. No significant differences were noted in neurocognitive outcomes between infants born to TPO+ mothers compared to those born to TPO- mothers. The findings in this dissertation indicate that maternal/race ethnicity modifies the relationship between TPO positivity and reduced fetal/infant brain growth. Additionally, the analyses suggest that maternal autoantibody status could lead to variations in early infant growth and development. The end-result of these variations is unclear. Further research is needed to determine the potential impact of reduced head circumference and accelerated growth as it relates to long-term neurocognitive consequences. Currently, TPO antibody status is not assessed as part of the standard prenatal care laboratory work-up, but findings from this study suggest that fetal brain growth may be impaired by TPO positivity among certain populations, therefore autoantibody screening among high-risk sub-groups may be useful for clinicians to determine whether prenatal thyroid treatment is warranted.
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Rowell, Tiffany A. "Examining the Impact of Pregnant Black Women's Adverse Childhood Experiences through Maternal Health and Birth Outcomes". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1587137374251612.
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Quack, Lötscher Katharina Christine. "Ethnic-cultural background, maternal body size and pregnancy outcomes in a diverse Swiss cohort /". Pfäffikon, 2006. http://www.public-health-edu.ch/new/Abstracts/QLK_19.02.07.pdf.
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Sheehan, Tara. "The Effects of Paternal and Maternal Nurturance and Involvement on Young Adult Academic Outcomes". FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1506.
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The present study examines how mothering and fathering impact child academic outcomes in divorced and intact families, and if there are unique influences of mothering and fathering variables for sons and daughters. An ethnically diverse sample of 1,714 university students from Florida International University (n=1371) and Florida State University (n=343) responded to measures on a questionnaire that included the Nurturant Fathering and Mothering Scales (Finley & Schwartz, 2004; Schwartz & Finley, 2005; Finley & Schwartz, 2006), the Mother and Father Involvement Scales (Finley, Mira, & Schwartz, 2008), demographic measures, and academic outcome measures. In intact families, mothering and fathering variables were significantly correlated with each other, and positively correlated with child academic outcomes including grades, GPA, academic satisfaction, and academic importance. In divorced families, mothering and fathering variables were not correlated with each other. Furthermore, when analyzing divorced families, significant effects were found for both parent and child gender. Mothering variables were found to have the greatest positive impact for sons’ academic outcomes. Maternal nurturance and maternal involvement were correlated positively with academic outcomes for sons from divorced families and accounted for 3-4% of the unique variance explained. Consistently, desired mother involvement, how much involvement the child wished they had received, was negatively correlated with academic outcomes for sons from divorced families and accounted for 10-15% of the unique variance explained. This means that when the amount of maternal involvement that sons in divorced families received matched or exceeded their desired level of involvement, sons had more positive academic outcomes including grades, GPA, satisfaction with academics and academic importance. This suggests that in intact family forms, nurturant and involved mothering and fathering have a positive effect on academic outcomes for sons and daughters. In divorced family forms, the effects of fathering on child academic outcomes were not significant. Therefore, in divorced families, the positive effects fathering on academic outcomes of sons and daughters drop out, and mothers are uniquely important for sons’ academic success.