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Brun, Arnaud. "Evaluation des propriétés de matériaux viscoélastiques par barres de Kolsky". Bordeaux 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR12276.
Pełny tekst źródłaMichel, Eric. "Propriétés dynamiques des réseaux transitoires : diffusion de lumière et rhéologie". Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20110.
Pełny tekst źródłaYakimets-Pilot, Iryna. "Elaboration d'un modèle viscoélastique et son application au comportement d'un polypropylène sous sollicitations mécaniques complexes et physico-chimiques". Compiègne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004COMP1504.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work is devoted to a viscoelastic model developed for a semi-crystalline polymer with small strains. This model is based on a rheological approach and contains one spring, which is associated with the crystalline phase, and two Maxwell elements, which are associated with the amorphous phase with reduced mobility (interphase) and the free amorphous phase. A particular mechanism of de formation of two amorphous phases was integrated in this model, which satisfactory simulates the evolution of the viscoelasticity under various solicitations. The polypropylene was used in this study like a model-material. This viscoelastic model was then generalized in 3D for modelling the behaviour under complex mechanical solicitations: particularly proportional and no proportional traction-compression-torsion tests were simulated. The mechanical behaviour under physicochemical solicitations of photo-oxidation ageing type was also analysed thanks to this model
Dubois, Frédéric. "Modélisation du comportement mécanique des milieux viscoélastiques fissurés : application au matériau bois". Limoges, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIMO0005.
Pełny tekst źródłaDupuy, Jean-Sébastien. "Identification des propriétés mécaniques de matériaux composites par analyse vibratoire". Phd thesis, Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20200.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe mechanical performance of composites depends not only on the characteristics of fillers and matrix used, but also on the quality of interface between these constituents. Thus, poor interfacial adhesion generally results in a decrease of the behavior of composite, which may be likened to an overall damage of the material. The purpose of this study is to propose a means of quick characterization of materials damage from mechanical vibrations analyses. Indeed, bad cohesion within thematerial can lead to friction phenomena, which tend to increase the damping level of its dynamic response. Several experimental techniques, some of which based on the analysis of the structural resonant frequencies, are presented in this study. The viscoelastic properties of particulate composites with polymer matrix are analyzed. Some design parameters of these model materials have been tuned, in order to create different damage levels. The results, particularly in regard to the loss factor, are interpreted from a comparison with simple analytical homogenization models
Dupuy, Jean-Sébastien. "Identification des propriétés mécaniques de matériaux composites par analyse vibratoire". Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00383234.
Pełny tekst źródłaKomar, Wieslaw. "Relations constitutives viscoélastiques pour des tissus techniques". Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-159.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaLedi, Koffi Sénanou. "Approche inverse pour l’identification des propriétés viscoélastiques de structures sandwichs amorties". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0250.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this work, a inverse identification method of the mechanical properties of the viscoelastic material (shear modulus and loss factor) functionalized in a sandwich structure with three symmetrical layers is proposed. The objective of this work is to be able to identify the mechanical properties in situ. Through a finite element model based on Rao's Zig-Zag model, our model ensures the modal parameter determination of the sandwich beam. The inverse approach consists of an iterative procedure that determines the mode shapes given the material parameters and then calculates the viscoelastic properties from the modes using a Rayleigh quotient until convergence on the properties of the material is satisfied. The input parameters of the inverse model are the resonance frequencies and loss factors of the sandwich beam obtained experimentally. As a result, the frequency dependence of the viscoelastic properties of the sandwich beam is determined by an automated way. The method has been successfully compared to Ross-Kerwin-Ungar formulas; a standard optimization approach and the literature. From the results, we have been able to deduce the constitutive laws of the viscoelastic heart according to rheological models such as the generalized Maxwell model, ADF, GHM and fractional Zener. This experimental device coupled to the method of identification allowed the investigation of modal parameters of the beam at different temperatures to study the effect of the temperature on the rheological laws. To study the robustness of our method, we carried out tests repeatability, reproducibility on a sample population. Since the effectiveness of our method has been proven, a sensitivity study has been carried out on the geometrical characteristics of our structure and the input parameters. The results obtained show the strong impact of certain parameters on identification
Berruet, Régis Gilles. "Utilisation de composites polyépoxyde-carbone comme biomatériaux : biocompatibilité et biofonctionnalité du système". Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10108.
Pełny tekst źródłaFayolle, Caroline. "Influence de la dispersion de la silice sur les propriétés viscoélastiques et mécaniques des élastomères renforcés". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10059/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaFilled elastomers are used in tread tires. It has been demonstrated that most of rolling resistance of tires is due to filled elastomer energy dissipation. In that way, understanding viscoelastic properties of these materials is a key point. Then, filled elastomer behavior at high deformations may be involved in ultimate properties of tire application such as fatigue crack propagation and wear. The aim of this work is to study the impact of silica dispersion on viscoelastic and mechanical properties of filled elastomers. First, levers impacting silica dispersion are evaluated. Dispersion of fillers can be considered as a competition between fillers cohesion forces and applied forces to the system to break them, these parameters have been studied methodically. Finally, the impact of silica-matrix interactions is studied, changing silica surface treatments or elastomer natures. The quantity of interactions possible per polymer chain between the silica and the elastomer may play a role in silica dispersion. Secondly, the impact of silica dispersion on viscoelastic and mechanical properties is discussed. It is shown than increasing silica dispersion leads to a decrease of linear elastic modulus and an increase of reinforcement in tensile at high deformations. Finally, regarding ultimate properties, our experimental device on the selected formulations has not shown any impact of silica dispersion on fatigue crack propagation. Nevertheless, we observe a better wear resistance with increasing dispersion, despite the lower materials hardness
Ahmiedi, El Hadj. "Etude de la propagation des fissures en milieu viscoélastique : applications aux enrobés bitumeux". Limoges, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIMO0035.
Pełny tekst źródłaMeddeb, Firas. "Caractérisation du comportement d'un composite biosourcé intégrant une couche viscoélastique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Le Mans, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LEMA1032.
Pełny tekst źródłaBio-based composites are increasingly used in various sectors due to their environmental benefits. The objective of this thesis is to study the effect of integrating a functional material, a viscoelastic layer, on the mechanical behavior (in static, fatigue, vibration, and impact; temperature) of a bio-based composite. The materials considered consist of short flax fibers combined with a polylactic acid (PLA) biopolymer. A viscoelastic layer of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is integrated into these composites. They are produced through additive manufacturing using 3D printing. First, the elastic and fracture characteristics of the flax/PLA composite and the composites with viscoelastic layers are determined in tension and bending. Then, an in-depth analysis of their characteristics based on the thickness and stacking sequence of the viscoelastic layers is conducted in static, fatigue, and vibration scenarios. The static behavior is analyzed, focusing on the effectiveness of integrating the viscoelastic layer. Next, fatigue tests up to failure and cyclic tests with loading increments are performed. The evolution of stiffness and damping coefficient as a function of the number of cycles and loading conditions is analyzed for composites with and without viscoelastic layers. Vibration tests are conducted to analyze the modal properties of the composites. The Young's modulus and loss factor are determined at resonance peaks based on frequency, allowing evaluation of the effectiveness of the viscoelastic layer in damping vibrations. The effect of temperature variation on the mechanical behavior of all composites is studied in static, fatigue, and vibration scenarios. The results of the various tests show that the mechanical characteristics are highly dependent on temperature. This effect is more pronounced in composites with viscoelastic layers. The final part of this work examines the impact resistance of the composites under different energy levels. Analysis of internal and external damage shows that composites with viscoelastic layers have better energy absorption capacity but higher deformation levels compared to composites without viscoelastic layers
Ledi, Koffi Sénanou. "Approche inverse pour l’identification des propriétés viscoélastiques de structures sandwichs amorties". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0250/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this work, a inverse identification method of the mechanical properties of the viscoelastic material (shear modulus and loss factor) functionalized in a sandwich structure with three symmetrical layers is proposed. The objective of this work is to be able to identify the mechanical properties in situ. Through a finite element model based on Rao's Zig-Zag model, our model ensures the modal parameter determination of the sandwich beam. The inverse approach consists of an iterative procedure that determines the mode shapes given the material parameters and then calculates the viscoelastic properties from the modes using a Rayleigh quotient until convergence on the properties of the material is satisfied. The input parameters of the inverse model are the resonance frequencies and loss factors of the sandwich beam obtained experimentally. As a result, the frequency dependence of the viscoelastic properties of the sandwich beam is determined by an automated way. The method has been successfully compared to Ross-Kerwin-Ungar formulas; a standard optimization approach and the literature. From the results, we have been able to deduce the constitutive laws of the viscoelastic heart according to rheological models such as the generalized Maxwell model, ADF, GHM and fractional Zener. This experimental device coupled to the method of identification allowed the investigation of modal parameters of the beam at different temperatures to study the effect of the temperature on the rheological laws. To study the robustness of our method, we carried out tests repeatability, reproducibility on a sample population. Since the effectiveness of our method has been proven, a sensitivity study has been carried out on the geometrical characteristics of our structure and the input parameters. The results obtained show the strong impact of certain parameters on identification
Koutoati, Kouami. "Modélisation numérique du comportement statique et vibratoire des poutres sandwich viscoélastiques à gradient de propriétés". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0290.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis proposes a numerical tool for the static and dynamic study of viscoelastic structures made of Functionally Graded Materials (FGM) for vibration control by passive damping. The objective is to make available to engineers a generic code based on the finite element approach for sizing calculations on FGM sandwich beam with viscoelastic core for applications requiring lightness and good thermal and mechanical resistance such as aerospace, automotive and nuclear. To reach this objective we first proposed a numerical model for the static and free vibration study of FGM sandwich beams with elastic behavior. This finite element model is implemented in the Matlab code environment. Using this code, we compare different beam theories for different geometric properties and boundary conditions. Thus, the limit of the classical beam theory in the study of short structures is highlighted. Also with this numerical model, the study of axial-bending and axial-rotation coupling is possible. From this, it is shown that FGM structures are very sensitive to spatial coupling and warping effects because of the non-symmetrical distribution of the material in their cross sections. In the proposed code, the resolution of the vibration problem is possible using classical eigenvalue and eigenvector problem solving methods. Then to introduce passive damping in the FGM sandwich structure, we proposed a sandwich beam model with FGM materials faces and viscoelastic materials core. This model is also implemented in the Matlab language and proposed as a generic tool. The interest of this numerical tool lies in its ability to compute the modal properties as well as the behavior of the viscoelastic FGM sandwich beam while taking into account the frequency dependence of the viscoelastic behavior, the boundary conditions and the axial-bending and axial-rotation coupling specific to FGM materials. The free vibration problem is non-linear in this case due to the material non-linearity induced by the soft layer. In the proposed code, the resolution of this problem is possible thanks to the coupling of the homotopy technical, the asymptotic numerical method and the automatic differentiation. Through this work, the contribution of FGM materials in the improvement of the damping power of structures is highlighted. In the continuation of the work, we propose a finite element formulation to compute the amplitude of forced vibrations of viscoelastic FGM sandwich structures. The resolution of the forced vibration problem is possible by using the bandwidths method. A study on the contribution of FGM materials in the reduction of vibration amplitudes is carried out for different viscoelastic laws. It is proved in this study that by a direct control of the composition gradient of FGM materials it is possible to optimize the damping power of structures even for low frequency modes for which classical composite materials have a damping power requiring improvement
Gustin, Bernard. "Influence des propriétés viscoélastiques de sondes endotrachéales sur leur interaction avec les voies aériennes supérieures : (élément de définition d'une assurance qualité)". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL083N.
Pełny tekst źródłaDaoud, Hajer. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement mécanique et vibratoire des composites biosourcés incorporant des matériaux fonctionnels". Thesis, Le Mans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LEMA1017/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis focuses on the study of the mechanical and vibration behaviour of a flax fibre reinforced composites with and without an interleaved natural viscoelastic layer. The composite materials have been characterized experimentally using different mechanical and vibrational tests. First, both types of composites were studied using uni-axial tensile and three-points bending tests. Acoustic emission (AE) has been often used for the identification and characterization of micro failure mechanisms in composites. The results showed that these composites have very high specific characteristics. It can be used for applications currently using composites reinforced with synthetic fibres such glass, carbon…. Next, experimental and finite element vibration analyses were carried out on the composites with and without an interleaved natural viscoelastic layer. A good agreement between the two methods was obtained. It has been shown that the viscoelastic layer plays a major role in damping because it has a high level of energy dissipation. Therefore, it improves with a significant way the modal properties of the composite. Finally, nonlinear resonance tests were performed on the composites. It has been shown that the viscoelastic layer generates a nonlinear behaviour in the material. The linear and nonlinear, elastic and dissipative parameters have been calculated to deduce finally that nonlinear parameters are more sensitive to heterogeneities than those derived from linear vibration tests
Courtial, Edwin-Joffrey. "Élaboration de matériaux silicone au comportement mécanique adapté pour la réalisation de fantômes aortiques patients-spécifiques". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10023/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe present work deals with the producing of patient-specific aortic phantoms using an additive manufacturing technique by 3D printing. Phantoms are manufactured from synthetic materials with morphological and mechanical characteristics which should be close to these identified on a patient. They can be used to develop techniques of medical imaging, to understand the relationship between aortic mechanical behavior and hemodynamic properties of blood flow, as well as to perform a preoperative training of interventions, such as endovascular treatment. In this study, the hyper-viscoelastic aortic mechanical behavior was described using a generalized solid Maxwell model. Silicone materials were developed based on the model’s mechanical parameters to mimic various aortic mechanical behaviors. These materials were formulated from commercials silicones, and then mixing rules were compared to define the ideal mixture which can mimic the specific mechanical behavior. A nondestructive method based on medical imaging by ultrasound was developed to identify the parameters of a blood vessel hyper-viscoelastic model. Silicone tubes made of our formulations with known reference mechanical parameters, were used to validate this method. Then, these silicone materials were used in an additive manufacturing process using indirect 3D printing. A work of computer aided design was done to produce a patient-specific aortic phantom with a thoracic fusiform aneurysm without thrombosis
Nguyen, Hoai Nam. "Étude numérique de la fissuration d'un milieu viscoélastique : analyse de l'essai de rupture sur bitume". Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005307.
Pełny tekst źródłaAkoussan, Komlan. "Modélisation et conception de structures composites viscoélastiques à haut pouvoir amortissant". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0188/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaModeling and design of composite viscoelastic structures with high damping powerThe aim of this thesis is to develop numerical tools to determine accurately damping properties of composite sandwich structures for the design of lightweight viscoelastic sandwichs structures with high damping power. In a first step, we developed a generic tool implemented in Matlab for determining damping properties in free vibration of viscoelastic sandwich plates with laminate faces composed of multilayers. The advantage of this tool, which is based on a finite element formulation, is its ability to take into account the anisotropy of composite layers, the material non-linearity of the viscoelastic core induiced by the frequency-dependent viscoelastic laws and various boundary conditions . The nonlinear complex eigenvalues problem is solved by coupling homotopy technic, asymptotic numerical method and automatic differentiation. Then for the continuous study of a modeling parameter on damping properties of viscoelastic sandwichs, we proposed a generic method to solve the nonlinear residual complex eigenvalues problem which has in addition to the frequency dependence introduced by the viscoelastic core, a modeling parameter dependence that describes a very specific study interval. This resolution is based on asymptotic numerical method, automatic differentiation, homotopy technique and continuation technic and takes into account various viscoelastic laws. We propose after that, two separate formulations to study effects on the damping properties according to two modeling parameters which are important in the design of high viscoelastic sandwichs with high damping power. The first is laminate fibers orientation in the sandwich reference and the second is layers thickness which when they are well defined allow to obtain not only sandwich structures with high damping power but also very light. The highly nonlinear complex eigenvalues problems obtained in these formulations are solved by the new method of resolution of eigenvalue residual problem with two nonlinearity developed before. Comparisons with discrete results and computation time are made to show the usefulness of these two formulations and of the new method of solving nonlinear complex eigenvalues residual problem of two dependances
Coquelle, Eric. "Propriétés élastiques et viscoélastiques de matériaux composites adaptatifs". Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009415.
Pełny tekst źródłamécaniques contrôlées par un champ magnétique. Ils sont composés de particules magnétiques,
structurées en chaînes unidirectionnelles au sein d'une matrice élastomère silicone. Les essais sous
champ ont révélé un fort accroissement des propriétés mécaniques : jusqu'à 35kPa pour un module de
62kPa en traction statique, et en dynamique un gain sur E' de 600kPa à ε=1%, qui atteint même
21MPa à ε=10-5 ! Dans ce dernier cas, la structuration en chaînes va de pair avec une nette
augmentation de l'effet Payne et de la dissipation d'énergie, encore accentuée en présence d'un
champ, même modeste (15kA/m). L'hypothèse avancée est un décollement progressif de l'élastomère
des charges sous l'effet des fortes contraintes locales, entre deux particules (en quasi-contact). Pour
faciliter l'étude, un traitement de surface à base de molécules couplantes, fonctionnelles, a été mis au
point. La modélisation a d'abord été effectuée sur un système macroscopique (où tous les paramètres
sont contrôlés), et validée par des simulations par éléments finis (FEM). Une méthode de milieu
effectif prédit le comportement du composites aux charges greffées (avant décollement), tandis qu'une
approche semi-analytique, utilisant un critère de décollement de Griffith, calcule le comportement
viscoélastique du composite MR. La complexité de la microstructure et son évolution ont été évaluées,
sous champ, par des cycles quasi-statiques (aboutissant à des σ de -40kPa à ε=0) et des mesures de
magnétostriction. D'autres propriétés originales peuvent être obtenues : piézorésistivité, bandes
périodiques (guides magnétiques).
Vernier, Patricia. "Homogenization of composite materials with fractional viscoelastic constituents". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS552.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis PhD thesis deals with the prediction of the mechanical effective properties of composite materials with linear fractional viscoelastic constituents by means of an incremental variational approach. We make use of the Effective Internal Variable (EIV) method developed by Lahellec and Suquet (2007), which is particularly attractive for viscoelasticity (Tressou et al., 2016). Contrary to the common homogenization methods that rely on the correspondence principle and where the fluctuations are not accessible, this incremental method evaluates the effective properties into the direct domain through the variational methods of Ponte Castañeda (1991 and 2002) that take into account the second-moments of the fields. The EIV method is based on the Generalized Standard Materials framework, in which the dissipative materials are described by means of two convex thermodynamic potentials. We consider local fractional viscoelastic constituents, of which the constitutive behaviours follow linear differential equations with fractional derivative operators. In accordance with experimental observations, this formalism takes into account long-memory effects through the superposition of several characteristic times (Caputo and Mainardi, 1971). Their distribution is provided by the explicit expression of the spectrum as a power law. The potentials of fractional viscoelastic constituents are consistently defined in the GSM framework through the rheological interpretation of the fractional damping element as a generalized Maxwell model (Lion, 1997). Therefore, we take advantage of the extension of the EIV method to several internal variables, developed by Tressou et al. (2023) for the homogenization of composites with local fractional viscoelastic behaviours. Besides, the characteristic times are appropriately chosen by discretizing the spectrum. This is done using the midpoint-based procedure developed by Papoulia et al. (2010). More specifically, we apply their method to the Mittag-Leffler function involved in the definition of the relaxation spectrum. We use the EIV method to tackle two different heterogeneous problems. We consider a matrix-inclusion composite under harmonic loading, for which we come accros numerical issues. We then evaluate the EIV method for a polycrystal subject to a monotonous creep loading
Ren, Zhiyong. "Identification et optimisation des propriétés dynamiques des matériaux viscoélastiques". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1923.
Pełny tekst źródłaBuch, Danielle. "Étude des propriétés viscoélastiques des matériaux de bases prothétiques". Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05M112.
Pełny tekst źródłaLeguebe, Elora. "Optimisation de la stabilité de charge au cours d'un transport à partir de l'étude du comportement viscoélastique des matériaux polymères destinés au banderolage". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023REIMS044.
Pełny tekst źródłaNowadays, protecting products during transportation has become essential as import-export increased drastically. Therefore, the wrapping used to stabilize and protect pallets of goods is fundamental. The most commonly used material for wrapping films is linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE). However, ecology has become a major issue for the world. The eco-design of the film is desired for a lower mass of plastic on the pallet, while preserving the stability of the load. Therefore this thesis work concerns the optimization of load stability according to the properties of the wrapping materials and the mechanical stresses of transport in order to reduce the weight of plastic used. Manual and mechanical films were analyzed. The anisotropy of materials was studied. The characterization of the material was performed through mechanical tests (traction, relaxation, hysteresis and fatigue creep) and morphological tests with DSC, IR and XRD analysis. The characterization of the wrapping and the importance of its parameters were also investigated. The effect of wrapping speed, LLDPE fatigue and acceleration experienced during transport were found to affect significantly the film properties. Films morphology was found to be affected by the wrapping process, showing changes in crystallinity. The study showed the importance of wrapping parameters and transport constraints on the morphology of the stretch film on the pallet and therefore on the stability of the load
Sosson, Franck. "Evolution des propriétés viscoélastiques d'élastomères chargés soumis à des sollicitations mécaniques dynamiques". Toulon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUL0003.
Pełny tekst źródłaCarbon biacks are often incorporated in elastomer matrix in order to adjust their specific properties. However, evolution of some mechanical properties (dynamic modulus, transmissibility) may be observed under specific dynamic mechanical tests. In order to understand the micro structural origins of those phenomena, different carbon blacks and different volume fractions are used to modulate both filler-filler and filler-matrix interactions. The filler dispersion state and the volume fraction of the tightly bound rubber have been studied. Rtieornetric and viscosimetric (DMA) analysis were then performed in order to describe more precisely material microstructure, and to propose a new phenomenological model, named "percolation-diffusion", which shows microstnictural modifications against reinforcement. The mechanical studies at small deformation and the Payne effect evolutions have both exhibited that carbon black loading and carbon black structure have the same impact on hydrodynamic effect. A new mathematical model based on a new parameter K, associated to the hydrodynamic effect, has then been proposed. Links between mechanical properties measured by two different analysers, DMA and electrodynamic shaker, have finally been carry ogt in the linear viscoelastic range. The influence of K parameter on transmissibility properties and their evolutions under a specific protocol, have also been characterized. These studies demonstrate that transmissibility properties evolutions have the same origin as the Payne effect
Inoubli, Rabi. "Synthèse, structure et propriétés viscoélastiques de polymères chargés modèles". Pau, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PAUU3020.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe linear viscoelastic properties of dispersed systems such as filled polymers are still poorly understood, because of a lack of theoretical knowledge about the role of interactions between particles of the dispersed phase. The aim of this work is to investigate the structure/properties relationship of polybutylacrylate filled with grafted silica particles. The method used to synthesize the silica grafted particles (coupling between techniques of “grafting from” and “controlled radical polymerization”) allows to vary the length, density and molecular topology of the grafted polybutylacrylate layer. We are thus able to study model filled polymers, and more particularly the influence of steric interactions between particles on the linear viscoelastic behavior. We first investigated the link between steric interactions, volume fraction of silica, and the spatial organization of the particles in the matrix. SANS experiments clearly show a transition between low volume fractions, were no correlations between individual particles can be detected, and high volume fractions (4%), were a structure factor is measured, showing a spatial organization of the particles. We correlated these results to spectromechanic experiments on the same systems. We show a liquid-to-solid transition for volume fractions of the same order of magnitude as the one measured by SANS. This study on a model filled polymer shows that there are only steric interactions in this system. Particles have a hard sphère behavior and the liquide-solide transition is due to the interpenetrating of grafted polymer extern part
Murat, Denis. "Oxyde d'yttrium : élaboration et propriétés mécaniques". Limoges, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIMO0007.
Pełny tekst źródłaBergonnier, Sandra. "Relations entre microstructure et propriétés mécaniques de matériaux enchevêtrés". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00136408.
Pełny tekst źródła- Une analyse du procédé de crêpage à partir de vidéos numériques permettant de déterminer localement les champs de taux de déformations au sein de la crêpeuse et de quantifier la cinématique d'une crêpeuse.
- Une analyse du produit fini : à partir de photos de produit texturé, un outil de détermination de l'anisotropie locale a été mis en place. Cette anisotropie est liée aux performances mécaniques du produit. Cette interaction a été mise en évidence expérimentalement et une modélisation du comportement mécanique élastique anisotrope du matériau étudié a été proposée.
Bergonnier, Sandra. "Relation entre microstructure et propriétés mécaniques de matériaux enchevêtrés". Paris 6, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00136408.
Pełny tekst źródłaWon, Yong-Gu. "Influence de la structure de réseaux époxydes modèles sur les propriétés volumétriques, mécaniques et viscoélastiques". Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0024.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe purpose of this study is to establish the relationship between the microstructure of the epoxy network and the volumetric, mechanical and viscoelastic properties. The basic network consists of the prepolymer DGEBA (Diglycidylether of bisphenol A, DOW DER 332 of high purity :98%) and the hardener cycloaliphatic amine IPD (Isophoronediamine). The basic network structure was modified by applying two different methods : 1) by varying the stoichiometric ratio, amine functions / epoxy functions (a/e) : the dangling chain ends for a/e = 0. 8 or the chain extensions between the cross-link points for a/e = 1. 2 are then introduced into the network. 2) by adding the bifunctional monoamine TMCA (Trimethylcyclohexylamine) which bas a similar structure to that of IPD. In this case, for a/e = 1, the average molecular mass between the cross-link points, is increased until the disappearance of the reacting functional groups and by the contribution of the lateral voluminous groups. For a/e ≠1, the same effect is obtained while conserving the residual reacting lunct1onal groups. The characterization of these tridimensional networks was accomplished by measuring the specific volume, dilatation coefficient, glass transition temperature, by measuring the mechanical properties and by examination of the different relaxations of the viscoelastic properties. These values were then correlated with the various structural parameters such as cross-linking density, packing density, cohesive energy and free volume
Meukam, Pierre. "Valorisation des briques de terre stabilisées en vue de l'isolation thermique de batiments". Cergy-Pontoise, 2004. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/04CERG0287.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this work, an experimental study was carried out in order to determine the properties of local materials used as construction materials. The thermal properties of lateritic soil based materials were deterrnined. The effect of addition of natural pozzolan or sawdust in lateritic soil brick on the thermal properties is examined. It was shown that the effect of incorporation of natural pozzolan or sawdust is the decreasing of the thermal conductivity and density. The moisture content of these materials can modify their thermal performance. Thus a study of the influence of the water content on the thermal conductivity L and the thermal diffusivity a is presented. The effect of the increasing of cement content is to increase the thermal conductivity and to decrease the thermal diffusivity. The composite materials used for building shielding present sufficient mechanical strength and are suitable for constructions. The analysis is developed for the prediction of the temperature, relative humidity and water content behaviour within the walls. A numerical model HMtrans, developed for prediction of heat and rnoisture transfer in multi-Iayered building cornponents, is used to simulate the temperature, moisture content and humidity profiles within the building envelopes. The results allow the prediction of the duration of the exposed building walls to the local weather conditions. There is therefore minimum possibility of water condensation in the materials studied. The durability of buiIding envelopes made of lateritic soil bricks with incorporation of natural pozzolan or sawdust is not strongly affected by the climate conditions in tropical and equatorial regions
Lachhab, Touria. "Etude des propriétés mécaniques d'empilements désordonnés de billes de gel". Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ENPC9408.
Pełny tekst źródłaThummen, Frédéric. "Propriétés mécaniques et durée de vie de bétons réfractaires". Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2004ISAL0027/these.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaRefractories are responsible for high and recurrent costs in CFB (Circulating Fluidised Bed) power plants. The major origins of the degradations of these materials are caused by thermal shocks and constrained dilatation during the different temperature cycles. The purpose of this study is first to better describe the mechanical behaviour and the damage of these refractories – which is still mostly unknown – and then to develop some damage prediction techniques. We have studied through non destructive techniques (acoustic emission, ultrasounds) the damage of two refractory concretes during 4-point bending tests, compression tests and tensile tests as well as their behaviour in fatigue. In order to be able to predict the service life of these materials in fatigue, we used a simple power law phenomenological model. This allowed to predict the time to failure as function of cycle amplitude and maximum stress. Acoustic emission appears to be a reliable indicator of the damage. Moreover, the acoustic emission data processing by a classificator (k-mean) enables us to separate the useful signal from the background noise. This analysis appeared effective in laboratory and simulated industrial environment. Lastly, the modeling of the lifetime in fatigue enabled us to propose various damage mechanisms during the fatigue test
Fourcade, Thibaut. "Études des propriétés mécaniques de matériaux métalliques en couches minces". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INPT0071/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe thin films are used in a large number of industrial fields such as Micro- and Nano- Technology (MNT) or treatment of surfaces. They can be used either as layer structures, or to provide protection functions or functionalized surfaces. There are generally two types of thin layers deposited thin films and self-supporting thin layers. The objective of the work presented in this manuscript is to develop methods for mechanical characterization of elastic-plastic behavior of free-standing thin films and deposited. First, we present a microtensile test able to work on 750 nm thick layers and associated technical means. These tools allow to characterize the elastic-plastic properties and mechanical damage freestanding thin films. In a second step, we focus on the implementation of parametric identification methods associated with implementation of instrumented indentation testing in the context of characterizing the elastic-plastic behavior of the deposited thin film materials. The layers characterized in this study are multilayer NiCo In total thickness 22 microns and thin layers of aluminum produced from several procédées with thicknesses between 1 and 1.5 microns
Mrabti, Abdelali. "Propriétés opto-mécaniques dans des matériaux nanostructurés : couplage plasmons-phonons". Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10201.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is focused on the elastoplasmonic coupling in periodic nanostructured systems. This interaction plasmon/phonon has been studied first for a metal nanowire inserted into a cavity of a two-dimensional crystal, consisting in a periodic array of holes in a dielectric matrix. The second investigated system is a crystal with sustaining local resonances. The crystal is formed by a square array of gold nanocylindres deposited on a non-absorbing dielectric membrane. The interest of such a system is that it can support phonon modes localized in the nanocylindre enabling thus an efficient coupling with plasmon modes. The third system is a crystal constituted by a metal nanoparticles array coupled to a metal film via an ultra thin dielectric spacer (silica). The motivation behind such a study is twofold: first, plasmon modes are sensitive to small local deformations due to their strong confinement; second such a system supports many localized phonons that can provide a local amplification of vibrations. It is then a dual cavity for phonon and plasmon modes. For the three systems studied in this thesis, we have shown that mechanical vibrations can modulate during an acoustic period the wavelength of the plasmon resonance modes supported by the structure
Ciria, matamoros Desirée. "Propriétés thermo-mécaniques des matériaux pour les piles à combustible". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLC064/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaSolid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) offer a real alternative to classical technologies for the generation of electricity by clean, efficient and environmental-friendly means. Nevertheless, the main limitation of SOFCs lies in their unsatisfactory durability and reliability due to the high operating temperatures and thermal cycling characteristic of these devices. An intense search is currently underway for materials for SOFCs with the objective of lowering the working temperature and then overcoming these limitations. Among the different candidates which have emerged, Lanthanum Silicate (LSO) and Yttrium-doped Barium Zirconate (BZY) were considered as potential alternatives to be used as electrolyte materials for SOFC at intermediate-temperature. While numerous studies have been devoted to characterizing and optimizing the microstructural and electro-chemical properties of SOFC components, as yet there is little research available on mechanical properties and the influence they have on SOFC lifespan.The reliability and durability of these devices depends not only on their electro-chemical stability, but also on the ability of their structure to withstand residual stresses arising from the cell manufacturing process and mechanical stresses from operation. Owing to the fact that SOFCs are composed by stacking of several single cells which in turn are made up of individual brittle layers in close contact, these stresses mainly originate from the difference between the coefficient of thermal expansion and elastic properties of adjacent layers and creep deformation. Mismatched stresses can result in the mechanical failure of a single cell and have dramatic consequences on the whole stack. Therefore, knowledge of mechanical properties of the cell components becomes an important issue for the mechanical integrity and development of SOFCs.The aim of this PhD thesis is the fabrication and structural, microstructural and mechanical characterization of LSO and BZY
Antczak, Emmanuel. "Identification par impédance thermique : application à la caractérisation des géomatériaux". Artois, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ARTO0001.
Pełny tekst źródłaCarisey, Thierry. "Microstructures et propriétés mécaniques d'alliages orthorhombiques base Ti2 2ALNB". ENSMP, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENMP0962.
Pełny tekst źródłaKossman, Stephania. "Indentation instrumentée multi-échelles de matériaux homogènes et multi-matériaux". Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10180/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe mechanical properties (hardness and elastic modulus) can be studied at different scales as a function of the composition and microstructure of materials (number of phases, constituent distribution, grain size…). In this work, we studied this mechanical response at the nano, micro and macroscopic scales, through different instruments that allow to apply loads ranging from 20 mN up to 2 kN generating penetrations depths between 100 nm up to 2.5 mm. The first stage consisted in the improvement of the experimental conditions, developing and interpreting the experimental data, following a rigorous metrological methodology, in order to achieve the connection between the results obtained at the three studied scales. These tests were performed in metallic industrial materials, which are sufficiently homogeneous at the tested penetration depths (steels and aluminum alloy). For example, we had proposed an alternative approach to the Oliver and Pharr method to fit the unloading curve to estimate the elastic modulus. Afterwards, this methodology is applied to the study of the response obtained by indentation in a composite material, which is highly heterogeneous, used in the fabrication of brake pads in the railway industry. The obtained results (spatial distribution on the surface and through the volume of hardness and elastic modulus) are going to be valuables in the applications of models to study the squeal noise during braking, looking to reduce its effects
Briottet, Laurent. "Etude théorique de l'évolution du comportement de matériaux viscoplastiques endommages". Paris, ENMP, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ENMP0482.
Pełny tekst źródłaBard, Edgar. "Comportement des matériaux granulaires secs et à liant hydrocarbone". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ECAP0320.
Pełny tekst źródłaCouturier, Laurent. "Comportement mécanique de matériaux composites à matrice aluminium". Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998COMP1103.
Pełny tekst źródłaAllemon, Pascal. "Etude du comportement acoustique et vibratoire de matériaux perforés et poreux : application à l'utilisation de matériaux granulaires recyclés dans la fabrication de panneaux absorbants". Artois, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1998ARTO0201.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe purpose of this work is to study the acoustical behaviour and the vibration response of porous and perforated materials. In this first part, different aspects of the prediction of sound propagation in rigid frame air-saturated porous materials are listed. Then, these models are used to treat and determine the acoustical properties of absorptive multi-layer panels with a perforated facing. Various associations "Porous materials-Perforated metal sheet" are considered to highlight the contribution of each element. The particular case of coupled resonators, only made of several associated perforated metal plates, is tackled. Original porous materials of replacement, issued from crushed recycled materials (tyres, plastic bottles. . . ) are used in the design of these absorptive panels with a perforated facing. It is shown that these pulverulent granular materials, mechanically stronger, have acoustical properties closely linked to the grading class used and consequently to the pore size dsitribution. Incertain cases, they can attractively replace mineral wools commonly used. The second part of this work considers the mechanical characteristics and the vibration behaviour of perforated metal sheets. With the help of Meijers's theory, the elastic constants are calculated from those of the solid plate. Then, the vibration response of these metal sheets can be anticipated. This is confirmed on the one hand, by comparing theoretical results to those obtained from a simple experiment (the measurement of the driving-point impedance of a free boundary circular plate driven at its midpoint) and on the other hand, by observing transverse displacements for different modes of vibration, on photographs obtained by double exposure holographic interferometry
Zhao, Han. "Analyse de l'essai aux barres d'hopkinson. Application a la mesure du comportement dynamique des matériaux". Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ENPC9225.
Pełny tekst źródłaRguiti-Constantin, Emmanuelle. "Frittage, propriétés mécaniques et fonctionnalisation de biocéramiques mono et biphasées". Valenciennes, 2011. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/86835671-bd2d-477c-8cbe-5d3a9f1eed78.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis deals with synthesis, densification, mechanical characterization and functionalization of mono- and biphasic calcium phosphate bioceramics. Calcium phosphate powders were synthesized by aqueous precipitation technique by mixing salts of calcium and phosphate. The Ca/P ratio of reactants was adjusted to obtain powders of β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP), hydroxyapatite (HA) and biphasic calcium phosphates containing 20 to 80% of HA (BCP). After calcination, grinding and shaping by slip casting of these powders, materials thus obtained were densified by two techniques: natural sintering and post-sintering by hot isostatic pressing (HIP). The natural sintering of all of these ceramics has led to the achievement of high densification equal or above 98%. The HIP has, in turn, allowed a densification ration close to 100% and made transparent samples, indicating the absence of porosity. Then these sintered materials were mechanically characterized by different techniques allowing determination of Young's modulus, bending strength, hardness and toughness values as a function of HA content. Densification of stoichiometric calcium phosphates to nearly 100% leads to the intrinsic properties of these biomaterials. Biological assays, functionalization by phage and an antibiotic have finally been realized on these materials
MALOU, ZAHIR. "Etude de l'optimisation des proprietes mecaniques et thermiques des materiaux poreux de type betons cellulaires". Cergy-Pontoise, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CERG0013.
Pełny tekst źródłaPham, Thi Huyen Tram. "Structure et propriétés mécaniques de films minces AlCrN". Poitiers, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011POIT2272.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work is dedicated to the systematical study of Al1-xCrxNy coatings starting from coating processes to mechanical properties through composition and phase structure investigations. Al1-xCrxNy thin films have been synthesized by two PVD systems: ion-beam sputtering (IBS) and magnetron sputtering (MS). Composition of the coatings is studied by both EDXS and RBS, this latter being very sensitive to light elements such as nitrogen. Most compositions are sub - stoichiometric with Nitrogen content (y < 1) decreasing continuously when Chromium content (x) increases. This result has been confirmed by the TRIM’s simulation. Structure and morphology of the films which include thickness, phases and texture, Scherrer’s nano grain - size are analyzed mainly by x - ray techniques such as diffraction and reflectometry. Residual stresses including global residual stresses, real - time in - situ global residual stresses, thermal stresses and in - grain residual stresses are studied using substrate curvature and XRD methods. It emphasizes the importance of considering both composition (x, y) and substrate type in the study of mechanical properties. Two sensitive methods (Picoseconds ultrasonic and Brillouin Light Scattering) were used to study elasticity of the AlCrN films and revealed a sharp transition at x = 0. 4. Nanoindentation technique was applied for analyze indentation modulus and hardness of our Al1-xCrxNy films and furthermore tribological testing for investigating coefficients of friction (COF) of the films deposited on stainless steels by pin – on - disk method
Jaudouin, Olivier. "Physico-chimie de matériaux à base d'élastomères modifiés hyperélastiques". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.biu-montpellier.fr/florabium/jsp/nnt.jsp?nnt=2012MON20036.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this PhD work is to replace current gloves of gloveboxes used in nuclear area by elastomer discs which could take the shape of the arm of an operator and come back to their original shape when the arm is removed. The goal of the work is to design and study a material meeting the following specifications: at least 2 000 % strain at break, very high elastic properties, tear and radiation resistant. A bibliographic study showed that the most relevant materials are thermoplastic elastomers. As a consequence, two kinds of these materials were formulated. First ones are thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers. The influence of stoichiometric ratios and different chain extenders on mechanical properties was studied. These materials are too viscous to match the specifications but an interesting linear relation between flow stress and viscosity ratio was observed. Second ones are Styrene-Ethylene-Butylene-Styrene copolymers (SEBS). Studies on the influence of the process and incorporation of plasticizers, nanoparticules or polyurethane were carried out. It was highlighted that the process strongly influences mechanical properties and addition of nanoparticules or polyurethane can increase some of these properties. On the whole, the materials developed are very close to these of hyperelastic materials
Hachani, Ahmed. "Contribution à la caractérisation des propriétés mécaniques des matériaux composites anisotropes". Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10172.
Pełny tekst źródłaBabin, Perrine. "Matériaux alvéolaires à base de bio-polymères : structure et propriétés mécaniques". Grenoble INPG, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INPG0094.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work deals with the fine characterisation of the cellular structure of solid food foams, such as bread crumbs or extruded starches. The aim was, on one hand, to better understand the mechanisms governing the formation of this cellular structure and, on the other hand, to identify the microstructural characteristics influencing the mechanical properties. X-ray tomography allowed to get new quantitative results for these materials, especially cell or cell wall size distributions. Moreover, the latest developments in terms of time resolution allowed us to follow in situ and in extenso the proofing and the baking of bread dough. The different stages of the structure formation were analysed. The most part of the development takes place during the proofing through three succesive regimes : free growth of the bubbles, coexistence between growth and coalescence and finally, coalescence. The characteristic times delimiting these stages are function of the different composition studied. Ln parallel, Finite Element calculations were applied directly to the real structures (3D images) or to virtual numerical ones. Effective stiffness is deduced in relation with the different type of microstructures. Enrichment of the classical scaling laws is proposed, taking into account, not only the relative density, but also cell size distributions