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Magaldi, lara Diego A. "Conception De Nouvelles Molécules De Transport De Trous À Base De Carbazole Pour Cellules Solaires Hybrides De La Pérovskite". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CERG1031.
Pełny tekst źródłaAbstractDuring the last ten years, research around hybrid perovskite solar cells has achieved high photovoltaic efficiency conversion. Add to this, its solution processability and low-cost manufacture materials like ammonium lead (II) iodide, make of PSC one of the best on developing solutions to attain solar power. Organic hole transport materials (HTM) like Spiro-OMeTAD are an integral part of its architecture. The presented thesis aims to develop alternative solutions for the HTM layer, synthetizing new molecules that can match suitable carrier properties for its use on Perovskite solar cells (PSC). For this matter, the heterocycle carbazole (Cz), which is a well-known molecule used in organic electronics, is selected as a base molecule for our study. Due to its low cost production, ease modification of its structure over fixed positions and versatility over different reaction paths. For the later reasons Cz makes an ideal option to explore its use as HTM.Chapter 1 is a brief resume on photovoltaics and state of the art of PSC. The introduction describes the most common composition and function of the different layers that constitute the photovoltaic device’s layers. Followed by a review of carbazole molecules use as HTM until now, which are described and compared to lay the foundation of the present work.Chapter 2 reports the synthesis of two a two series of new hole transporting materials (HTMs). The presented molecules are composed by two diphenylamine(DPA) fragments linked to carbazole unit. From dibromo-carbazole as a starting material, synthesis is performed by a simple two-step synthetic procedure providing the target products in high yield. Two series of molecules designated as DMx and iDMx are obtained, differentiated between each other by their substitution positon 3,6-Cz (DMx) vs 2,7-Cz (iDMx) on the carbazole (Cz) core by the DPA groups. The molecules are examined along with thermal and optoelectronic characterization, film formation ability and further test on perovskite photovoltaic devices as well.Chapter 3 is detailed description of anionic and radical polymerization essays over molecule called DM1, which bears an alkene polymerizable function. The resulted polymer DM1P, is fully characterized and tested over PSC modules and compared with its origin monomer. The second part of Chapter 3, consist on the synthesis of a series of 3,6-carbazole linked conjugated copolymers, designated as PCzX series. With the present PCzX molecules, we explore the possibility of the use of conjugated polymers on PSC devices as an alternative to the actual small molecules. The synthetized polymers are fully characterized and preliminary photovoltaic results are presented.Chapter 4 describes a series of bicarbazolyl (two carbazole heterocycles connected by N- atom to a benzene ring in para position) molecules (DM1X), conceived to test its subsequent oligomerizaton/polymerization by further oxidative coupling reactions. This kind of polymerization can be potentially achievable with carbazole molecule under the right conditions. The present study pretends to compare the optoelectronic and thermal differences between a monomer and the derived oligomer/polymer. All molecules are fully characterized.Keywords: Carbazole, conjugated-polymer, non-conjugated polymer, oxidative polymerization, Hole transport material, Perovskite solar cell, photovoltaics
Maruzzo, Valentina. "Synthèse de Hole Transporting Materials (HTM) stables pour le photovoltaïque hybride émergent". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Pau, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PAUU3082.
Pełny tekst źródłaPerovskite based Solar Cells (PSCs) witnessed a fast progress in their performances. Nowadays, a record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 26% can be reached for simple PSCs, and over 29.5% for tandem configurations. Perovskite (PSK) possesses strong light-absorption properties and high charge-carrier mobility. Upon light absorption, excited electrons and holes are generated, and drained to the corresponding electrodes thanks to the two layers surrounding the PSK: the hole transporting layer and the electron transporting layer. However, the instability of PSCs towards external environmental factors, such as humidity, hampers their industrial production. For this reason, the development of Hole Transporting Materials (HTMs) able to efficiently transport the charges without the need for dopants - highly hygroscopic molecules that accelerate the PSK degradation - is crucial to allow their upscaling.The objective of the PhD research is the synthesis of new stable HTMs, able to efficiently transport the charges in the absence of dopants. Carbazole (C) and phenothiazine (P) were chosen as main scaffolds, according to their low cost and tuneable electronic properties. A first-generation of HTMs with hexyl N-functionalisation was synthesised, comprising small molecules (University of Turin), oligomers and polymers (University of Pau). The alkylation of C and P aimed to increase the hydrophobicity of the HTMs, protecting the PSK layer against humidity and improving the processability of the materials. Two small molecules with opposite structure (PCP and CPC) and several polymeric HTMs were designed and synthesised through a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction (using classical heating or microwave activation). In addition, end-capped polymers have been produced to achieve higher stability once implemented in solar cells. Indeed, the end-capping allows cross-linking reactions (induced by light or heat) once deposited as a layer in solar cells. The process led to a reticulated network, responsible for an increase in the performance and robustness of the PSCs. The structure and the optoelectronic and electrochemical properties of the synthesised materials were studied to assess the suitability of their use in solar cells.PSCs were assembled at CHOSE, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", using a p-i-n architecture for the solar cells. The small molecules displayed promising efficiencies, with PCE exceeding 10% (14% for PCP in the optimised conditions). However, low hole mobility values were measured by Organic Field-Effect Transistors; furthermore, GIWAXS and WAXS analyses revealed the amorphous behaviour of the molecules. In comparison, polymers presented lower PCE, mostly linked to a scarce wettability of their layer, which hinders the formation of a homogeneous PSK layer on top of it.To further improve the properties of the HTMs, we investigate two types of scaffold modifications. Indeed, shorter side chains were selected to increase the crystallinity of the molecules and allow higher charge transport abilities through better stacking. On the other hand, ethylene glycol side chains were inserted to provide the molecules with passivation ability towards PSK defects to increase the PCE. Both derivatisations resulted in small molecules with good solubility, whereas polymers required the insertion of tetra-ethylene glycol side chains to ensure proper solubility. The most promising materials will be tested shortly in PSCs to allow a complete comparison among all the derivatives
Le, Huong. "Elaboration de nouveaux matériaux de transport de trous pour cellules photovoltaïques hybrides à perovskite". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CERG0979/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of the thesis is to develop and study the potential of organic hole transporting materials (HTMs) for photovoltaic applications using perovskite-based solar cells (PSCs). Several families of HTM molecules have been prepared and deposited in solution for the fabrication of solar cells. Since the main objective is to study and provide information on the relationship between the molecular structure of new hole transport materials and the photovoltaic performances obtained, this study contributes to a better fundamental understanding of the required properties of hole transport materials for better photovoltaic performance.The first study concerns the development of p-type molecules based on Thieno [3,2-b] thiophene as a central unit and π-linker with dimethoxytriphenylamine as end-capping electron donors. Different configurations are designed and revealed significantly different photovoltaic performances in the PSC devices. Remarkable, a planar structure with linear conjugation shows higher values of mobility and conductivity than others, thus it improved device performances.In the second study, donor-acceptor molecules based on 9(10H)Acridone derivatives as an acceptor were developed. By incorporating different electron-donating fragments, we obtain structures with favorable characteristics for both good intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) character and adequate HOMO-LUMO energy levels. Their energy levels are suitable for collecting and injecting the holes from perovskite to the metal electrode through the HTM. Similar studies have been done with Thioxanthone.Using a cheap precursor and facile preparation, the third study synthesized a 9.9'-biacridone derivative. These p-type molecules possess a three-dimensional structure which is similar to that of Spiro-OMeTAD, state-of-the-art molecule for PSCs.Finally, the last study focus on the development of donor-acceptor molecules based on thieno [3,4-c] pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD). The objective is elaboration of the planar structure molecule which could be improved the π-π stacking effect in the device fabrication without grain boundaries. These molecules also own a strong ICT character, an extended π-conjugation on the whole structure and a good solubility which makes it an ideal candidate for the dopant-free HTM in PSCs
Le, Huong. "Elaboration de nouveaux matériaux de transport de trous pour cellules photovoltaïques hybrides à perovskite". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Cergy-Pontoise, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CERG0979.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of the thesis is to develop and study the potential of organic hole transporting materials (HTMs) for photovoltaic applications using perovskite-based solar cells (PSCs). Several families of HTM molecules have been prepared and deposited in solution for the fabrication of solar cells. Since the main objective is to study and provide information on the relationship between the molecular structure of new hole transport materials and the photovoltaic performances obtained, this study contributes to a better fundamental understanding of the required properties of hole transport materials for better photovoltaic performance.The first study concerns the development of p-type molecules based on Thieno [3,2-b] thiophene as a central unit and π-linker with dimethoxytriphenylamine as end-capping electron donors. Different configurations are designed and revealed significantly different photovoltaic performances in the PSC devices. Remarkable, a planar structure with linear conjugation shows higher values of mobility and conductivity than others, thus it improved device performances.In the second study, donor-acceptor molecules based on 9(10H)Acridone derivatives as an acceptor were developed. By incorporating different electron-donating fragments, we obtain structures with favorable characteristics for both good intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) character and adequate HOMO-LUMO energy levels. Their energy levels are suitable for collecting and injecting the holes from perovskite to the metal electrode through the HTM. Similar studies have been done with Thioxanthone.Using a cheap precursor and facile preparation, the third study synthesized a 9.9'-biacridone derivative. These p-type molecules possess a three-dimensional structure which is similar to that of Spiro-OMeTAD, state-of-the-art molecule for PSCs.Finally, the last study focus on the development of donor-acceptor molecules based on thieno [3,4-c] pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD). The objective is elaboration of the planar structure molecule which could be improved the π-π stacking effect in the device fabrication without grain boundaries. These molecules also own a strong ICT character, an extended π-conjugation on the whole structure and a good solubility which makes it an ideal candidate for the dopant-free HTM in PSCs
Bejbouji, Habiba. "Optimisation des matériaux des électrodes dans les diodes électroluminescentes organiques et les cellules solaires organiques". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13897/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe optimization of hole injection materials in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic photovoltaic cells (OPVCs) is reported. Water and organic solvent-based PANIs were used. We have studied the influence of the thickness, the morphology and the conductivity of PANI films in (OPVCs) performances. The results show that the conductivity and the thickness of the PANI film greatly affect (OLED) and (OPVCs) effectiveness. The dopant and the solvent used in the synthesis of PANI dispersion also play an important role. PANI and PEDOT dispersions as well as carbon nanotube were also used as electrodes without ITO. The effect of pH, conductivity, the work function, the nature of the dopant and the solvent in the injection property were analyzed
Troadec, David. "Contribution à l'élaboration et à la caractérisation de diodes électroluminescentes organiques". Limoges, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIMO0020.
Pełny tekst źródłaRealisation and characterisation of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDS) dedicated to flexible flat panel display with low consumption are studied. The objective is to optimise different structure performances with limit conduction, luminance and quantum efficiency of these structures
Benhattab, Safia. "Synthèse et caractérisation de matériaux organiques transporteurs de trous à base de carbazole : application aux cellules solaires DSSC solides et pérovskite". Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR4014/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this work was to design, synthesize and characterize new carbazole based molecular glasses for the realization of solid state DSSC or perovskite solar cells. These structures would be an alternative to the reference molecule based on spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) mainly used in hybrid devices. We have optimized a simple way to synthetize a "synthon" as a precursor to the design of a wide variety of efficient hole transporting materials (HTM). This synthesis pathway has allowed producing a first generation of molecules based on a single carbazole synthon substituted by aryl groups (naphthalene, pyrene, triazatruxene) then a second generation incorporating two carbazole synthons separated by an alkyl spacer. In both cases, the synthesis pathways are simple and the energy conversion efficiencies generated in solid DSSCs are promising (between 2.22 % and 2.47 % with the D102 dye). A preliminary ageing study has consisted in analyzing the degradation during thermolysis or photolysis of a carbazole based thin film. It was shown that Cz-P possesses stability similar to Spiro-OMeTAD in the absence of oxygen. Finally, two carbazole molecular glasses were studied in perovskite cells to achieve conversion efficiencies of 13.08 % and 12.41 % (for Cz-P and Cz-PF respectively) almost identical to the one based on Spiro-OMeTAD (13.45 %), confirming that these carbazole based structures are good candidates for the realization of efficient perovskite cells
Benhattab, Safia. "Synthèse et caractérisation de matériaux organiques transporteurs de trous à base de carbazole : application aux cellules solaires DSSC solides et pérovskite". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR4014.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this work was to design, synthesize and characterize new carbazole based molecular glasses for the realization of solid state DSSC or perovskite solar cells. These structures would be an alternative to the reference molecule based on spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) mainly used in hybrid devices. We have optimized a simple way to synthetize a "synthon" as a precursor to the design of a wide variety of efficient hole transporting materials (HTM). This synthesis pathway has allowed producing a first generation of molecules based on a single carbazole synthon substituted by aryl groups (naphthalene, pyrene, triazatruxene) then a second generation incorporating two carbazole synthons separated by an alkyl spacer. In both cases, the synthesis pathways are simple and the energy conversion efficiencies generated in solid DSSCs are promising (between 2.22 % and 2.47 % with the D102 dye). A preliminary ageing study has consisted in analyzing the degradation during thermolysis or photolysis of a carbazole based thin film. It was shown that Cz-P possesses stability similar to Spiro-OMeTAD in the absence of oxygen. Finally, two carbazole molecular glasses were studied in perovskite cells to achieve conversion efficiencies of 13.08 % and 12.41 % (for Cz-P and Cz-PF respectively) almost identical to the one based on Spiro-OMeTAD (13.45 %), confirming that these carbazole based structures are good candidates for the realization of efficient perovskite cells
Bottois, Clément. "Nanoparticules pour la réalisation de couches de transport de trous appliquées au photovoltaïque organique". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI025/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn organic solar cells, a doped polymer is the most used material for hole transport between the active layer and the electrode, but his stability can be an important issue. The goal of this PhD thesis was to develop inorganic materials, expected to be more stable, in order to replace polymer based hole transporting layers. Another requirement was to keep the compatibility with solution-based deposition methods. The target was to develop nanoparticle dispersions, deposited at low temperature and giving directly a functional layer, without the need of further treatments which are usually required via sol-gel processes. A first objective of the present work was thus the elaboration of nanoparticles of tungsten oxide, hydrated or non-hydrated, and copper thiocyanate. A microwave-assisted heating synthesis has been used for tungsten oxide, leading to mono-dispersed particles around 30 nm. Concerning copper thiocyanate, a ball milling technique has been chosen. The process parameters have been optimized to obtain nanoparticles to narrow the size distribution as much as possible. The deposition of the nanoparticles has allowed the formation of thin layers and the characterization of their optoelectronic properties, such as work function, which was shown to be a relevant parameter for a use in devices. Organic solar cells with standard or inverted structures have been fabricated using these materials as a hole transporting layer. Good photovoltaic performances have been obtained, especially in the inverted structure, in which the possibility to use copper thiocyanate has been demonstrated for the first time. Ageing experiments under light in a controlled atmosphere have also been carried out and have shown a rapid drop in performances for these cells compared to cells incorporating polymer based hole transport layers
Millet, Pierre. "Modélisation du transfert et du transport de composés organiques des matériaux dans l’eau potable : Applications aux réseaux d’eau intérieurs". Rennes, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENCR0039.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe French Public Health Code sets out the requirement on tap water quality and the materials used in the contact of drinking water are subject to the Attestation of Sanitary Conformity. However, organoleptic degradation can remain in tap water. A bibliographic study has shown that organoleptic degradation could be caused by the presence of chemicals migrating from materials and by complex hydrodynamic phenomenon. A compartmental model has been developed. It models the transfer and the transport of chemicals from materials to water. This approach allows to combine the study of transfer of chemical from the material and the study of hydrodynamics in private water installations. It provides the opportunity i)- to observe the impact of dynamic operating conditions on the concentration of chemicals in tap water ii)- to make diagnostics of the installation to avoid disagreements and iii)- to study the quantity of chemicals deliver in tap water in function of consumption habits of the users. The study of chemicals transfer phenomenon in dynamic conditions has shown the impact of water temperature, turbulent agitation and duration of the use of materials on migration kinetics of chemicals. However, the experiences made with compartmental model have indicated that the leaching of chemicals in dynamic conditions was negligible compared with the leaching of chemicals in static conditions. Indeed, the static contact time is far more important that the dynamic one. However, it has been shown that the hydrodynamics could have a significant impact on tap water quality, particularly due to exchanges between different parts of the networks. Finally, the complex scenario development based on consumption habits of the users have shown that the quantity of chemicals ingest by the consumers were strongly dependant of the consumption behaviour of the users. The approach could be a part of a process like the threshold of toxicological concern based on the prediction of the daily quantities of chemicals ingest
Sergent, Alessandra. "Métallopolymères des éléments f : nouveaux matériaux hybrides semi-conducteurs phosphorescents pour les diodes électroluminescentes organiques". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00840219.
Pełny tekst źródłaChilkuri, Vijay Gopal. "Etude du phénomène de double échange : de l'origine microscopique aux propriétés collectives". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30152/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe materials like nickelates and manganites, show extraordinary magneto-electric properties originating from the double exchange (DE) phenomenon. In this work we try to understand the origin of these properties, not only at the microscopic level, by studying systems with two magnetic centers, but also at the macroscopic level, by studying collective effects in systems with varying sizes. The first part consists of an {it ab initio} study of a series of five conjugated organic systems, with two magnetic centers each, which are susceptible to exhibit DE phenomenon. The low lying eigenstates are used to extract the parameters of the DE Hamiltonian and substantiate the model. Thus, we show that there exist conjugated organic systems which could, in principle, possess magneto-electric properties similar to those observed in materials formed of transition metal oxides. The second part consists of a detailed study of the collective properties of the double exchange Hamiltonian in one dimensional systems of variable size. One dimensional chains made up of sites with two orbitals each and one or two electrons per site are studied with exact diagonalization methods. Novel tools have been developed to quantify the size of the ferromagnetic polaron and the amount of electron delocalization in the resulting ground state. Finally, we show how a magnetic field could bring about a drastic change in the electron delocalization in the system for a given doping ratio
Fares, Berrada Asmaa. "Compétition entre les électrotransports d'ions organiques et minéraux à travers une membrane échangeuse d'ions". Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20076.
Pełny tekst źródłaGali, Sai Manoj. "Modélisation des relations structure / propriétés de transport de charge dans les matériaux pour l'électronique organique". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0693/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaWith the advancement of technology, miniaturized electronic devices are progressively integrated into our everyday lives, generating concerns about cost, efficiency and environmental impact of electronic waste. Organic electronics offers a tangible solution paving the way for low-cost, flexible, transparent and environment friendly devices. However, improving the functionalities of organic (opto) electronic devices such as light emitting diodes and photovoltaics still poses technological challenges due to factors like low efficiencies, performance stability, flexibility etc. Although more and more organic materials are being developed to meet these challenges, one of the fundamental concerns still arises from the lack of established protocols that correlate the inherent properties of organic materials like the chemical structure, molecular conformation, supra-molecular arrangement to their resulting charge-transport characteristics.In this context, this thesis addresses the prediction of charge transport properties of organic semiconductors through theoretical and computational studies at the atomistic scale, developed along three main axes :(I) Structure-charge transport relationships of crystalline organic materials and the role of energetic fluctuations in amorphous polymeric organic semiconductors. Kinetic Monte-Carlo (KMC) studies employing the Marcus-Levich-Jortner rate formalism are performed on ten crystalline Group IV phthalocyanine derivatives and trends linking the crystalline arrangement to the anisotropic mobility of electrons and holes are obtained. Subsequently, KMC simulations based on the simpler Marcus formalism are performed on an amorphous semiconducting fluorene-triphenylamine (TFB) copolymer, to highlight the impact of energetic fluctuations on charge transport characteristics. A methodology is proposed to include these fluctuations towards providing a semi-quantitative estimate of charge-carrier mobilities at reduced computational cost.(II) Impact of a mechanical strain on the electronic and charge transport properties of crystalline organic materials. Crystalline rubrene and its polymorphs, as well as BTBT derivatives (well studied high mobility organic materials) are subjected to mechanical strain and their electronic response is analyzed. Employing tools like Molecular Dynamic (MD) simulations and plane wave DFT (PW-DFT) calculations, unusual electro-mechanical coupling between different crystallographic axes is demonstrated, highlighting the role of inherent anisotropy that is present in the organic single crystals which translates in an anisotropy of their electro-mechanical coupling.(III) Protonation-dependent conformation of polyelectrolyte and its role in governing the conductivity of polymeric conducting complexes. Polymeric bis(sulfonyl)imide substituted polystyrenes are currently employed as counter-ions and dopants for conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), resulting in PEDOT-polyelectrolyte conducting complexes. Employing MD simulations and DFT calculations, inherent characteristics of the polyelectrolyte like its acid-base behavior, protonation state and conformation, are analyzed in conjunction with available experimental data and the role of these characteristics in modulating the conductivity of resulting PEDOT-polyelectrolyte conducting complexes is highlighted.The above studies, performed on different organic electronic systems, emphasize the importance of inherent characteristics of organic materials in governing the charge transport behavior in these materials. By considering the inherent characteristics of organic electronic materials and systematically incorporating them into simulation models, accuracy of simulation predictions can be greatly improved, thereby serving not only as a tool to design new, stable and high performance organic materials but also for optimizing device performances
Ben, Slimane Férid. "Méthodologie d'étude et modélisation du transport de polluants organiques en milieux poreux naturels : application à l'étude de deux cas de pollutions issues de l'industrie du bois". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL081N.
Pełny tekst źródłaLacan, Pascale. "Synthèses et caractérisations de matériaux hybrides élaborés par voie sol-gel : application à la préparation de membranes à transport facilité et de capteurs optiques de pH". Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20112.
Pełny tekst źródłaLi, Qian. "Organic Semiconductors Based on Triazastarphene Towards 3D : Charge Transport in Crystalline Phase". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0144.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe research in organic electronics has attracted worldwide attention due to the specific properties of organic materials such as lightness, flexibility, large scale processing ability and low production cost. Compared with inorganic materials, the strong anisotropy and low charge carrier transport mobility limit their integrations in commercial devices. This research aims at developing molecule systems leading to three-dimensional charge transport.To reach this goal, our design strategy is to expand the generally linear-shaped molecular structure into star-shaped structure with C3h symmetry. The designed molecules consist of a planar core of fused aromatic cycles to form efficient - stacking with neighboring molecules and of bulky groups located close to the center to increase the solubility of the materials and prevent 1D columnar packing. Thus, two supramolecular arrangements are speculated (arm and column packing) where charge hopping follows pathways in 3D.Based on this design, 13 triazastarphenes substituted directly by amine or phenyl groups were synthesized and thoroughly characterized. Their electronic properties were carefully determined by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and DFT calculations. Results from single crystal XRD showed that the experimental packing is similar to model for few molecules. In detail, one amino-triazastarphene has shown a new 2D layer by layer packing motif, while benzo-triazastarphenes have led to column packing in one case and half arm packing for another as expected. In addition, theoretical approach highlighted 2D and 3D dimensionality for charge carrier transport for the two later examples in the crystal phase.Finally, this work is the first report about straightforward synthesis of extended C3h acridine derivatives. Even though the performances obtained from the devices (OFETs and perovskite solar cells) based on these materials did not reach state of the art performances, the novel synthetic method and the achievement of interesting molecular arrangement motifs in single crystal can contribute to the development of high-performance OSCs
Ouoba, Samuel. "Adsorption et transport d'un composé organique volatil (COV) dans un sol hygroscopique : application aux pesticides dans un sol aride". Phd thesis, Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20256.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe objective of this work is to analyze and model the transport of a pollutant in the surface layer of unsaturated soil. We are particularly interested to hygroscopic soils where components of the liquid phase are strongly linked to the solid phase. Mass transfer occurring in the liquid phase and gas, taking into account the change of phase liquid-gas. Using an original apparatus, we analyze first the isothermal desorption of water, heptane, trichlorethylene (TCE) and the mixture water + TCE in two soils; one containing clay and organic matter, the other, from Burkina Faso (BF), has lower proportions of these constituents. The phase change liquid-gas of TEC has been experimentally studied in the soil of Burkina with different experimental conditions in temperature and pressure. All the bibliographic and experimental works led us to propose a mathematical model. The validation of the model has focused on the transfer of water only by comparison with transfer experiments on soil columns. This model reflects particularly well the flow of water to the surface and changing profiles of water content in columns. This model is also well suited to describe the water transfer at the interface soil-atmosphere in arid zone. In a second part, we examine the transfer of TCE in the surface layer. Sensitivity studies were conducted on thick layer of soil, water content, the initial concentration of TCE, the Henry constant and the coefficient of phase change. This study highlights the importance of different parameters on the transfer of a volatile organic compound showing that it is necessary to conduct parallel investigations in the laboratory and in situ
Ouoba, Samuel. "Adsorption et transport d'un Composé Organique Volatil (COV) dans un sol hygroscopique. Application aux pesticides dans un sol aride". Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00731315.
Pełny tekst źródłaTeng, Teng. "Semiconducting Materials Based on Donor/Acceptor Units for Optoelectronic Applications". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2018SORUS452.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaLiquid crystalline semiconductors and narrow bandgap materials are two kinds of interesting materials for optoelectronic applications. They can be used in several type of organic electronic devices such as organic solar cells (OPV), Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLED) and Organic Field Effect transistors (OFET). In this work, we focused on designing and synthesizing novel semiconducting materials based on donor/acceptor architectures which present either high photoluminescence and charge transport properties, or a narow bandgap for ambipolar charge transport. These materials are liquid crystalline molecules based on a benzothiadiazole acceptor core and alkoxyphenyl donor groups. The narrow bandgap molecules are based on a naphthalene diimide core and in this case flanked by benzothiadiazole units. The objective was to study their photophysical properties, charge transport properties, and to correlate this to the structural properties of the materials developed. Based on our results, we demostrated that these luminescent molecules possess liquid crystal properties with lamellar or multi-lamellar structures consisting of alternating layers of fluorescent units and high charge transport moieties. The charge transport properties measured of these compounds indicate that they have a potential for optoelectronic applications such as OFET devices. In addition, the two narrow bandgap molecules developed were found to exhibt n-type, and ambipolar charge transport properties
Delices, Annette. "Organized Organic Dye / Hole Transporting Materials for TiO2- and ZnO- based Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (s-DSSCs)". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC066/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaDue to instability problems of dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) in longtime uses, the iodine based liquidelectrolyte has been replaced by several types of solid hole transporting materials (HTM) to perform solidstate DSSCs (s-DSSCs). Among them, the substitution by conducting polymers (CP) has attractedconsiderable attention because of their good stability, high hole-conductivity and simple deposition withinthe mesoporous TiO2 semiconductor. In this thesis work, several s-DSSCs based on CPs used as HTM havebeen developed in order to improve their photovoltaic performances taking into account the following twoobjectives: (i) the optimization of the interfacial charge transfer processes within the solar cell, and (ii) theoptimization of the charge transport within the n-type oxide semiconductor. To reach these goals, eachcomponent that constitutes the device was varied in order to investigate its effect on the device’sperformances. As first attempt, an analytical study is carried out by varying the sensitizer in order todetermine the fragments of the dyes structures, that have an important effect on the in-situ photoelectrochemical polymerization process (PEP) both in organic and in aqueous media and hence on theperformances of the s-DSSCs. Based on these results, a new concept of removing completely the interfacebetween the dye and the HTM is developed. This is achieved by the synthesis of new dyes covalently linkedto an electroactive monomer which is co-polymerized by in-situ PEP. The resulting co-polymer, used asHTM, is covalently linked to the dye. In addition, the nature of the chemical bond linking the triphenylamineresidue TPA to the monomer is also investigated as a key factor in the s-DSSCs performances. Besides, andto optimize the charge transport processes within this type of s-DSSC, the elaboration of novel ZnO baseds-DSSCs has been achieved and investigated
Delices, Annette. "Organized Organic Dye / Hole Transporting Materials for TiO2- and ZnO- based Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (s-DSSCs)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/DELICES_Annette_2_va_20170929.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaDue to instability problems of dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) in longtime uses, the iodine based liquidelectrolyte has been replaced by several types of solid hole transporting materials (HTM) to perform solidstate DSSCs (s-DSSCs). Among them, the substitution by conducting polymers (CP) has attractedconsiderable attention because of their good stability, high hole-conductivity and simple deposition withinthe mesoporous TiO2 semiconductor. In this thesis work, several s-DSSCs based on CPs used as HTM havebeen developed in order to improve their photovoltaic performances taking into account the following twoobjectives: (i) the optimization of the interfacial charge transfer processes within the solar cell, and (ii) theoptimization of the charge transport within the n-type oxide semiconductor. To reach these goals, eachcomponent that constitutes the device was varied in order to investigate its effect on the device’sperformances. As first attempt, an analytical study is carried out by varying the sensitizer in order todetermine the fragments of the dyes structures, that have an important effect on the in-situ photoelectrochemical polymerization process (PEP) both in organic and in aqueous media and hence on theperformances of the s-DSSCs. Based on these results, a new concept of removing completely the interfacebetween the dye and the HTM is developed. This is achieved by the synthesis of new dyes covalently linkedto an electroactive monomer which is co-polymerized by in-situ PEP. The resulting co-polymer, used asHTM, is covalently linked to the dye. In addition, the nature of the chemical bond linking the triphenylamineresidue TPA to the monomer is also investigated as a key factor in the s-DSSCs performances. Besides, andto optimize the charge transport processes within this type of s-DSSC, the elaboration of novel ZnO baseds-DSSCs has been achieved and investigated
Stoeckel, Marc-Antoine. "Propriétés physico-chimiques et électroniques des interfaces supramoléculaires hybrides". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAF002/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe work realized during this thesis was oriented toward the comprehension of the charge transport mechanism involved in organic electronics, and on the engineering of the semiconducting properties of hybrid supramolecular interfaces. Firstly, the intrinsic origin of the charge transport properties was studied for two semiconducting small molecules which are similar in terms of chemical structure but exhibit different electrical properties. Secondly, the electronic properties of 2D material were modulated with the help of self-assembled monolayers inducing antagonist doping properties. Finally, hybrid perovskites and semiconducting small molecules were used as active materials in oxygen and humidity sensing respectively, forming high-performance sensors. All the project employed the principles of the supramolecular chemistry in their realisation