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Wojcik, Christopher. "Marriage and family planning an Orthodox Christian perspective /". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1996. http://www.tren.com.
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Slighting, Sadie Andrews. "Post-birth Marriage, White-Hispanic Families, and Child Academic Achievement". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8483.
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Over the past decade, policymakers have promoted marriage as a pathway to improve child outcomes in single-parent households. However, previous research on single mothers who later married in the United States has failed to examine how the structural advantages and disadvantages of race influence post-birth marriages and the advantage they may confer. I investigate how white advantage—the human- and social-capital benefits that come from being a white individual—acts as a resource distributed differently across three couple configurations. I predict that having access to white advantage via a white parent will improve child academic achievement. Using the US Early Childhood Longitudinal Study 1998 (ECLS-K 1998) and the US Early Childhood Longitudinal Study 2011 (ECLS-K 2011), I compare children from white monoracial marriages, white-Hispanic interracial marriages, and Hispanic monoracial marriages. My results suggest that white advantage in the home increases access to critical resources that improve child academic achievement. Additionally, I find further evidence of Hispanic disadvantage as children from Hispanic monoracial marriages score lower on math and reading tests than children from white monoracial marriages, even after accounting for resource and demographic factors.
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Ma, Bing. "Essays in occupation, marriage and fertility choices". Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1481667681&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Dessing, Nathalia Maria. "Rituals of birth, circumcision, marriage, and death among muslims in the Netherlands /". Leuven : Peeters, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb388620744.
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Berrington, Ann. "Partnership formation and dissolution in Britain : evidence from the 1958 birth cohort". Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266523.
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Sprague, Alison. "Work, marriage and birth : an economic analysis of British women born 1920-1964". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329015.
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Jefferies, Julie Sarah. "The impact of marital dissolution and repartnering on childbearing in Britain". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364748.
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Ohinata, Asako. "Financial incentives and the timing of birth". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2011. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/49108/.
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This thesis studies how financial incentives affect women's fertility timing decisions. Each chapter investigates this question by looking at a policy that exogenously increased fertility related financial incentives. The timing impacts of these policies are estimated using a discrete-time proportional hazard model with unobserved heterogeneity. In the first chapter, the impact of the 1999 UK Working Families Tax Credit (WFTC) on the timing of birth is studied. This paper employs the 1991-2003 waves of the British Household Panel Survey and identifies the policy impact of WFTC by observing the change in the timing of birth using a difference in differences estimator. The main finding of this paper suggests little evidence of changes in the timing of all birth parity apart from first birth. Such a finding is likely to be explained by the policy design of WFTC that increased not only the fertility but also the labour supply incentives simultaneously. Moreover, a further analysis highlights the importance of other policies, which also in uenced women's labour supply during the period of study. The second chapter, on the other hand, studies the impact of the 1977-2001 US infertility health insurance mandates, which regulated the insurance companies to cover for infertility treatment cost. Although the majority of the past literature has studied impacts on older women who are likely to seek treatment, this paper proposes that the mandates may have had a wider impact on the US population. Specifically, it may have given an option for younger women to delay birth since these policies reduced the opportunity cost of having a child in the future. The chapter employs the 1980-2001 Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Results suggest a significant delay of 1-2 years in the time of first birth among highly educated white women.
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Nove, Andrea. "Home birth in the UK : a safe choice?" Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/192981/.
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The safety of home as a place of birth in developed countries, and the extent to which pregnant women should have the right to choose a home birth, are highly contentious and emotive subjects which have been hotly debated for many years. Since 1993, Government policy in England and Wales has been that pregnant women should have a free and informed choice about whether to give birth at home or in a hospital or birthing centre. However, fewer than 3% of maternities take place at home, indicating either that this option is not routinely available or that most women do not want to have a home birth. Previous research indicates that there is an element of both, and that most women believe that hospital birth is safer than home birth. Although research has demonstrated that, for low-risk pregnancies in most developed countries, perinatal death is no more common for planned home birth than for hospital birth, and that maternal outcomes tend to be better if there is a planned home birth, this research has been done at the population level. At the level of the individual women, there remain lingering doubts over whether home birth can be as safe as hospital birth if there are serious complications in labour. Using data from four UK datasets, this thesis contains detailed analysis of the characteristics of women who plan a home birth in the UK, and how these have varied over time and according to where the woman lives. Recognising that decisions about place of birth are subject to change over the course of a pregnancy, the analysis presented here identifies key factors which robustly predict whether women will express an intention to give birth at home, whether their intentions will change during the pregnancy, and whether those who intend a home birth will actually have a planned home birth. Understanding these predictors helps to understand the factors that may influence women’s choices at different stages of pregnancy. There is evidence from this analysis to suggest that women do not all have equal access to choice about where to give birth. Understanding of the factors that predict women’s choices also enables a fair comparison of the relative safety of planned home birth and planned hospital birth, while controlling for the fact that women who plan a home birth are not a random sub-set of the population of childbearing women. From the perspective of the mother, planning a home birth (whether or not she goes on to give birth at home) is associated with a much lower risk of the potentially life-threatening postpartum haemorrhage (defined as the loss of more than 1,000ml of blood) and several other distressing labour complications such as retained placenta. From the perspective of the baby, the risk of perinatal death is slightly, but not significantly higher, if a home birth is planned than if a hospital birth is planned, even if high-risk pregnancies are included in the analysis. However, there is weak evidence to suggest that, if pregnancy/labour is complicated by malpresentation, umbilical cord prolapse or the need for infant resuscitation via positive pressure/cardiac massage, the risk of perinatal death is higher if a home birth is planned than if a hospital birth is planned. Other pregnancy and labour complications are associated with a higher risk of negative outcomes, but this is true whether a home birth or a hospital birth is planned – hospital birth has not been shown to be safer in these situations. Malpresentation occurs in roughly 1 in 20 pregnancies and is detectable before labour commences, so this research provides some support for the current advice that women with a malpresented foetus should be advised to plan a hospital birth unless and until midwives attending home births can be fully confident in their ability to deliver a malpresented foetus vaginally. Cord prolapse and the need for positive pressure/cardiac massage, on the other hand, are both extremely rare and not predictable before labour. Given their rarity and the lack of strong evidence that home birth is less safe when they occur, rather than being encouraged to plan a hospital birth ‘just in case’, women should be provided with the available information and allowed to come to an informed decision without being put under pressure to choose any particular birth setting. Additionally, midwives attending home births should have a thorough grounding in dealing effectively with these situations when they occur in the home setting
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Gao, Chao Peng Raphael. "Contraception and the indissolubility of marriage in the teaching of Familiaris consortio an application to the contemporary rural areas of Shaanxi Province, China /". Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2004. http://www.tren.com.
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Masood, Rukhsana. "Social factors shaping fertility behaviour in Pakistan". Thesis, University of Essex, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307859.
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Abma, Joyce Camille. "Transitions to adulthood among young women: The sequencing of nest-leaving, marriage, and first birth /". The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1334159744.
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Mutgan, Selcan. "Trends in Early Marriage in Shashemene, Ethiopia". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-104612.
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Despite the Family Code of 2000 that raised the legal age at marriage to 18 for both sexes; early family formation is still a common practice which affect many children in Ethiopia. Previous research has shown that girls in rural areas are more disadvantaged and suffer the consequences of early marriage the most. The purpose of this thesis is to study the risk factors for early marriage for both girls and boys in an urban area, Shashemene. Also, using longitudinal data, trends in early family formation between 1973 and 2008 have been analyzed with an event history approach. The data were collected as part of the project “Changing Ethiopia: Urban livelihood, gender, and ethnicity in Shashemene after 35 years: A case study”. The discrete-time complementary log-log regression estimates have provided evidence of gender inequality in early marriage formations, showing that girls are more prone to experience early marriage than boys. While area of birth (rural-urban) has no direct impact on the risk of early marriage, it is found that living in an urban area offsets the effect of area of birth, suggesting a selection process into migration. It is also found that school attendance decreases the likelihood of early marriage, while literacy has little effect. Moreover, among people living in Shashemene, religious affiliation has more impact on early marriage risks than ethnic identity and the first language. Finally, there was little evidence on period and cohort effects for early family formation.
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Obolenskaya, Polina. "Attitudes towards family and marriage in time and context : using two British birth cohorts for comparison". Thesis, City University London, 2012. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/2252/.
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With dramatic changes in family-related behaviours in the past 50 years, there has been an increasing awareness and acceptance of different family arrangements. Subsequently, measuring and studying people’s attitudes towards issues such as commitment to marriage, acceptance of alternative family forms, parental separation and gender roles has gained a lot of attention among those working in the fields of sociology, social psychology and demography. The majority of studies examining the relationship between family-related attitudes and behaviour have focused on either the selection or adaptation effects of attitudes, with fewer (particularly of those using British data) specifically addressing the possibility of both processes taking place. This study’s main goal is to address the latter using the data of two British cohorts born 12 years apart: the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS) and the 1958 National Child Development Study (NCDS). The cohort’s attitudes are measured by a scale consisting of three items which relate to: marriage being a lifelong commitment, a divorce being easily obtainable these days and the acceptability of parental separation. This work adopts the perspective of value orientation and life course position which implies a recursive nature of attitudes and behaviour whereby behaviour is influenced by people’s values (the selection effect of attitudes) and these values, in turn, adjust following changes in people’s circumstances (the adaptation effect of attitudes). The availability of attitude statements at two time points for each cohort (at age 26 and 30 for BCS; at age 33 and 42 for NCDS) and rich partnership history data allows for such analyses to be carried out as the order of events can be established. Firstly, this research utilises bivariate and multivariate techniques to investigate the determinants of attitudes. Further, it implements regression analyses to explore the relationships between attitude scores and: a) transition to first marriage for non-cohabiting cohort members (BCS and NCDS); b) transition to first marriage of cohabiting cohort members (BCS) and c) dissolution of first marriage (NCDS). The main findings show some evidence of both the selection and adaptation effects of attitudes in relation to marital transitions for both cohorts, indicating the importance of attitudes in shaping people’s behaviour and at the same time showing the tendency of attitudes to change in line with an individual’s personal circumstances.
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Wiggins, Joshua C. "Occasional Liturgy in the Henrician Reformation". DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7063.
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King Henry VIII (1487-1547) famously severed ties with Roman Catholocism and nationalized the church in England in order to secure an annulment from his wife. His decision instigated the Henrician Reformation (1527-1547), a subset of the English Reformation. The king assumed the title 'Supreme Head of the English Church' and vested himself with the power to reform his country's church/ Occasional liturgies - the formal religious ceremonies surrounding birth, marriage, and death - were prime opportunities to publicly display new doctrines and procedures. Instead, these rituals changed surprisingly little and largely mirrored the pageantry performed by his parents.
Two conclusions are drawn from the results. First, the modern perception of Henry VIII as an all-powerful rebel is challenged due to his careful observance of the liturgy in order to achieve a desired outcome, whether it be a proper christening, wedding, or state funeral. Second, these royal rituals are shown to not only demonstrate religious beliefs, but also social and political realities as well. These two principles add complexity to understanding the course of the Henrician Reformation.
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LEMONTZOGLOU, TRYFONAS. "Three Essays on Literacy Development, Marital Instability, and Births Outside Marriage: Empirical Evidence from the Late Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth Century Greece". Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1071718.
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Secondo Marx, i cambiamenti sociali sono sempre stati caratterizzati non solo da nuove forze produttive materiali ma anche da nuove relazioni di produzione e da nuove forme di coscienza, religione, filosofia, etica. La transizione da una società basato su un modo di produzione prettamente agricolo ad una società in cui il modo di produzione prevalente è quello industriale, produce l’entrata nell’arena politica di nuove classi sociali e quindi di nuovi antagonismi. Questo evolversi della società e dell’economia contribuisce al cambiamento delle relazioni, delle norme e dei valori sociali preesistenti così da coinvolgere gran parte degli aspetti della vita sociale. Durante la transizione, la neonata classe capitalistica, da un lato, richiedeva l’attuazione di una radicale riforma agraria come prerequisito al processo che avrebbe consentito la trasformazione dell’agricoltura tradizionale in un moderno sistema agricolo. Di conseguenza, la riforma agraria avrebbe consentito la sopravvivenza del sistema agricolo in un sistema di economia di mercato. La rivoluzione industriale, d’altra parte, ridefiniva sensibilmente la visione tradizionale sui ruoli di genere all’interno della famiglia. Tale processo contribuì all’aumento della partecipazione delle donne al mondo del lavoro non domestico e diminuì gli stereotipi sessuali, rafforzando
l’autonomia e l’indipendenza femminile. In modo analogo, la diffusione della nuova ideologia borghese fece sì che il matrimonio tradizionale costituisse l’opzione meno attrattiva tra le giovani donne. Di conseguenza, si svilupparono forme famigliari più egalitarie, come la convivenza.L’interazione fra la transizione da una società contadina ad una società industriale moderna, da una parte, e l’evoluzione e la trasformazione delle relazioni sociali estranee alla sfera economica nella Grecia contemporanea, è stata scarsamente studiata da un punto di vista storico-quantitativo. Alla luce di ciò, la mia tesi di dottorato è un tentativo di riempire questo vuoto nella letteratura empirica mettendo in relazione il processo di industrializzazione con il processo di modernizzazione che attraversò la società greca a cavallo tra la fine del diciannovesimo secolo e l’inizio del ventesimo secolo. A tal fine, è stato necessario costruire un nuovo dataset sulla base dei dati forniti dal Censimento
su Popolazione, Movimento Naturale e Agricolo della Popolazione, e Cause di Morte in Grecia nel periodo 1860-1938. Il dataset, che comprende vari indicatori socioeconomici e demografici come distribuzione della proprietà fondiaria, livelli d’istruzione, divisione del lavoro per genere, stato civile, nascite, morti, indici di modernizzazione e di urbanizzazione,
diversità etniche e affiliazioni religiose, permette una copertura quasi totale del Paese a livello regionale, provinciale e municipale. Il Primo Capitolo della tesi, dal titolo "People’s Access to Land, Stuck in Agriculture
and Literacy Development: Empirical Evidence from the Late Nineteenth-Century Greece", esplora il rapporto tra alfabetizzazione e proprietà fondiaria, la cui composizione diventava sempre meno diseguale, nella Grecia del tardo diciannovesimo secolo. L’analisi a livello municipale del Censimento sulla Popolazione in Grecia tra il 1870
e il 1879 supporta e evidenzia empiricamente l’ipotesi c.d. della complementarietà tra capitale e talenti (capital-skill complementarity hypothesis). L’analisi empirica dimostra, da un lato, una relazione positiva e statisticamente significativa tra l’accesso alla terra e livelli di alfabetizzazione, mentre, dall’altro, evidenzia una relazione negativa tra preminenza dell’agricoltura tradizionale sull’industria moderna (stuck in agiculture) e livelli di alfabetizzazione. I risultati sono statisticamente robusti anche considerando altre variabili come lo stato civile, la dimensione famigliare, l’urbanizzazione, le diversità etniche, le confessioni, la disponibilità di insegnanti e i livelli di studio. Inoltre, i dati confermano il ruolo della la disparità di genere nei livelli di alfabetizzazione. Il Secondo Capitolo, intitolato "Women’s Labour Force Participation and Increasing Divorce Rates: Evidence from the Early-Twentieth-Century Greece", analizza l’impatto dell’occupazione femminile sull’instabilità coniugale, attraverso i dati forniti dal Censimento sulla Popolazione in Grecia nel periodo 1907-1920. I risultati sono eterogenei. Per esempio, nel 1907, si osserva che entrambe l’occupazione femminile totale e la partecipazione femminile tra gli impieghi moderni (settore manifatturiero, lavoro autonomo, commercio e impiego pubblico) hanno un effetto positivo e statisticamente significativo sui tassi di divorzio femminile. Tra il 1907 e il 1920, invece, la partecipazione
femminile tra le occupazioni nelle attività agricole (agricoltura, allevamento, caccia e pesca) non ha alcun effetto significativo sui tassi di divorzio femminile. Inoltre, si rivela una relazione negativa tra matrimoni precoci per le donne e disparità di genere nei tassi di alfabetizzazione, da una parte, e divorzi femminili, dall’altra. Mentre, la disponibilità di uomini single e l’indice di urbanizzazione hanno un effetto positivo ma non statisticamente significativo sui divorzi. Le diversità etniche e religiose (non-greci, cattolici e musulmani) infine, hanno un impatto positivo e statisticamente significativo sullo scioglimento dei
matrimoni. Infine, il Terzo Capitolo, dal titolo "Births Outside Marriage and Modernization in the Early Twentieth-Century Greece: Evidence from the Natural Movement of Population, Causes of Death, and Agricultural Censuses, 1921-1938" aiuta a gettare luce sui fattori che hanno contribuito all’incremento dei tassi di nascite fuori dal matrimonio nella Grecia di inizio ventesimo secolo. L’analisi dei dati forniti dal Censimento su Popolazione, Movimento Naturale e Agricolo della Popolazione, e Cause di Morte in Grecia nel periodo che va dal 1921 al 1938, dimostra che sia l’accesso delle donne all’istituto del divorzio sia la possibilità di sposarsi in secondo nozze, nonché l’adozione di tecniche agricole più moderne, sono positivamente associati alle nascite fuori dal matrimonio. I matrimoni precoci e l’occupazione agricola degli uomini sposati, invece,
hanno un impatto negativo sulle nascite fuori dal matrimonio. Infine, su scala geografica, si osserva che le nascite illegittime sono perlopiù osservate nelle aree urbane e alle isole greche.
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Girotti, Marilena. "Etude biodémographique de deux populations des Alpes Occidentales : chiomonte (Haute Vallée de Susa - Italie) et L'Argentière - La-Bessée (Hautes Alpes-France)". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX20703/document.
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La recherche en anthropologie biodémographique effectuée sur les communautés de Chiomonte(Haute Vallée de Suse), de 1670 à 1929, et de L’Argentière-la-Bessée (Hautes-Alpes), de 1690 à1889, a permis d’analyser les changements survenus tout au long de ces siècles pour ces deux pays.L’analyse des naissances a permis d’avoir un tableau général des deux populations, pouvant êtreinterprété tant au niveau biologique-démographique qu’au niveau économique-culturel.L’analyse des décès a mis en évidence l’importance des facteurs environnementaux sur l’évolutionde la mortalité, même si l’on peut reconnaître que, grâce à l’amélioration des conditions de vie, il ya eu une diminution du taux de mortalité infantile et infanto-juvénile ainsi qu’une augmentationprogressive des décès des personnes âgées.La culture, la société, l’économie et la religion sont les facteurs les plus importants qui influencentle comportement matrimonial; mais l’environnement aussi a joué un rôle important.La reconstruction des familles de Chiomonte nous a permis de constater que les changements auniveau économique et social qui se sont produits entre 1670 et 1830 ont eu des répercussions,quoique de manière différente, sur les aspects relatifs à la structure et à la descendance des familles.L’augmentation de la duré de la vie a produit une augmentation de la durée des mariages et ladécroissance de la mortalité infantile a déterminé un accroissement du nombre d’enfants quiatteignent l’âge reproductif. Restent, par contre, relativement constants l’âge des conjoints à leurpremier mariage, le nombre d’enfants l’intervalle protogénésique ainsi que l’intervalleintergénésiqueThe research on biodemographical anthropology worked out on the community of Chiomonte(Haute Vallée de Suse), from 1670 to 1929, and of L’Argentière-la-Bessée (Hautes-Alpes), from1690 to 1889, has allowed the analysis of the changes in the periods considered in these twocountries.The analysis of births has worked out an overall view of the two populations both from a biologicdemographicperspective and from and economic-cultural one.The analysis of deaths has highlighted the importance of environmental factors on death, although ithas been possible to define that through better conditions of life, infantile and juvenile mortality ratecould decreased as well as old aged people mortality increased.Culture, society, economy and religion are the main factors which influenced marriage behaviors ;also environment played an important role.Families’ reconstructions in Chiomonte enabled us to understand that economical changes whichoccurred from 1670 and 1830 had different consequences on the structure and the lineage of thefamily. The increase of life time led to an increase of marriages and at the same time the decrease ofinfantile mortality determined the rise of children who reached the reproductive age.On the other hand, the age of partners at their first marriage, the number of children, theprotogenesic and intergenesic intervals remain constant
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David, Mirela Violeta. "Free Love, Marriage, and Eugenics| Global and Local Debates on Sex, Birth Control, Venereal Disease and Population in 1920s-1930s China". Thesis, New York University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3635118.
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This dissertation traces how eugenics came to underpin discourses pertaining to free love, sex and reproduction in 1920s-1930s China. It shows the eugenic and evolutionist limits to radical or liberal intellectuals' understanding of the role of the individual in the pursuit of sex, free love and birth control. The study examines the scientific view of modernity embodied in eugenics, as well as the challenges to this vision based on humanism and sex aestheticism. Bertrand Russell's visit to China in 1920 with his lover Dora Black led to heated discussions surrounding free love and free divorce, where privacy, the eugenic idea of a "robust individual" and science were key. Meanwhile, translations and the reception of Ellen Key and Havelock Ellis's works on eugenics and love underpinned the reconciliation in Chinese liberal intellectuals' thought between individualism/evolutionary humanism and eugenics, particularly in their debates on sexual and emotional ethics in the 1920s. Margaret Sanger's visit to China in 1922 opened up a debate on the suitability of eugenic birth control to solve China's problems, such as overpopulation and venereal disease. By probing into her interactions with Chinese intellectuals in 1922, this study reveals how her eugenic ideas were received, as well as the political tensions regarding her birth control advocacy. The dissertation demonstrates that the sexual reproductive considerations that had been viewed in the 1920s as a problem of the relationship between the individual and nation/race/society, by the 1930s came to completely subordinate the role of the individual to national and racial regeneration concerns. Sanger's continued correspondence with Chinese medical professionals came to shape the birth control movement in the 1930s in more strictly eugenic terms. This research contends that eugenics was not only influential in discourse, but came to be implemented in practice in the fields of sex hygiene, birth control and VD regulation. The agency of pioneer female gynecologists in the 1930s is emphasized by examining how they brought eugenics in practice in their birth control clinics, how they localized global female experience and theories on birth control and hygiene, either through translation or through their attempts to reach working class women with contraceptive sex education. Lastly I argue that eugenics and social hygiene also functioned as a male oriented ideology in VD policies of various colonial powers: British, American, Japanese, and French as part of an economy of empire. By contrast Chinese Nationalist Hygiene Campaigns and female gynecologists' internalizing of eugenics focused on female health.
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Suchman, Lauren Bencha Yoddumnern-Attig. "The relationship between racial differences in American men's views of marriage and childbearing and their informal marital status at first birth /". Abstract, 2007. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2550/cd404/4938542.pdf.
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Russ, Jana R. "Dangerous Women". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1208185207.
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Dobrá, Simona. "Rodina ve 21. století v krajích a okresech ČR". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-165563.
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The thesis is focused on family in the early 21st century in the Czech Republic. The basic objective is to analyze important differences in for-family behaviour (in terms of traditional families) based on selected demographic indicators in regions and districts of the Czech Republic. The theoretical part describes basic concepts related to family, its functions and changes of the family. Czech families are studied mainly on evidence of selected statistical data published by the Czech Statistical Office. To determine the regional disparities, in approach to the concept of family at the district level, the synthetic indicator T has been designed. In the final part, the economic and social conditions (unemployment, education, etc.) affecting the people's approaches to the concept of family are examined within districts.
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Rousová, Ilona. "Rodina v České republice a jejích regionech". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-9328.
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This master thesis is focused on the present state of the family issues in the Czech Republic. Except the explanation of the basic terminology, it also indicates some of the areas with the family in the first place and its legal regulations and sociology investigation. It observes the actual trends in the behaviour of couples in the connection with the common life and starting family. The acquired demographic and sociological findings, valid generally for the Czech Republic, are analysed and compared with the statistical dates of the lower territory self-governing units. It also checks the rate of the regional differences above these regions (mainly at the level of districts), especially in the area of the marriage behaviour, parenthood and amount of the separating marriages. It confronts these data with the age structure of the founding family members. At the end of the graduation thesis is established whether the results of the sociological investigation and studies are consistent with the realized conclusions from the statistic data and if there exist the significant regional dissimilarities in the Czech Republic in statistic indicators which characterize the "family" behaviour of population.
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Gilliland, Tamara. "Marriage Moments: A New Approach to Strengthening Couples' Relationship Through the Transition to Parenthood". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2003. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1131.
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Strengthening marriages is important to the well-being of individuals, families and communities. The transition to parenthood brings with it particular risks and opportunities for marriage relationships, yet no interventions have been successful in accessing a large number of couples during this critical time prepare and strengthen them for the challenges of becoming parents. The healthcare system has an established education infrastructure (childbirth education) that interacts with a significant number of couples during the transition to parenthood and has become increasingly open to incorporating relationship strengthening efforts into existing programs. The Marriage Moments program was designed to access couples through this system. This new approach to marriage education employs a program design unique in three ways: the context of childbirth education, a low-intensity content based on a model of marital virtues, and a simple, self-administered format of materials that gives the program great flexibility and transportability that can be implemented in a variety of existing systems. Initial formative program evaluation data show that the program is well received by participating couples. Marriage Moments is currently being pilot tested to evaluate its effectiveness in strengthening marriage through the transition, but it is expected the program will be disseminated widely and reach numerous couples as they transition to parenthood.
24
Havlíčková, Jana. "Současný stav rodiny v ČR a jejích krajích". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76199.
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The thesis is focused on the current state of families in the Czech Republic and its individual regions. In addition to the basic characteristics of the family, this work captures the changes undergone by the family, especially in the areas of marriage and parenthood. The diploma thesis also analyzes the behavior of the Czech population through relevant statistical indicators, such as marriage, divorce, birth and fertility in the period of 1991-2008, both at the national level and at the district levels. Based on the analysed results of the statistical indicators, the author assesses whether there exist differences between individual regions of the Czech Republic, which relate to the family behavior of the population.
25
Kuo, Chia Hua. "The phoenix eyes". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2002.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
'The Phoenix Eyes' is a novel set in Brisbane. It is the story of a wedding, the story of one night and the months
which follow. It is the story of Taiwan and the struggles lived there and from there. It is the story of four generations of women and women-to-be, women changing, growing and maturing together and on their own. Each of these women has ties to the other and ties to the past. Ties which are still ripening and enriching their lives. Ties to and from Taiwan which will affect the present and the future.
But most of all, 'The Phoenix Eyes' is a story of love. Of many
kinds of love and how love touches us, at any age.
26
Baltas, Pavlos. "L'évolution de la fécondité en Grèce depuis 1960 : spécificités et inflexions récentes". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0090/document.
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L'analyse longitudinale de la fécondité montre que les valeurs élevées de l’ICF pendant unepremière période (1960-1980) résultent de l'adoption d'un calendrier plus précoce des femmes néesen 1940 et au-delà. Aussi, son effondrement au cours d’une seconde période (1980-2000) est dû à uncalendrier fécond plus mature des femmes nées à partir de 1960. L’augmentation de l’ICF despremières années de 2000 est due au phénomène de récupération des naissances à traversl’augmentation des taux de fécondité à des âges supérieurs à 30 ans. Cette récupération estcependant incomplète car la descendance finale des générations s’est nettement réduite au fil dutemps. En tenant compte de la mortalité, aucune de générations examinées ne s’est complètementreproduite. L'analyse de la fécondité longitudinale selon le rang biologique de naissance de l’enfantmontre un âge moyen à la maternité de plus en plus élevé au premier enfant et l'augmentationsignificative de l’infécondité définitive pour les femmes nées depuis la fin des années 1960. Plus de lamoitié des femmes nées entre 1940 et le début des années 1960 ont obtenu 2 enfants. Le modèlestandard de la famille de deux enfants semble donc apparaître un plus tôt en Grèce que dans d’autrespays européens. Le découplage de la fécondité de la nuptialité, observée dans les pays occidentauxn’a pas encore été confirmée pour la Grèce. Le début de la crise économique a coïncidé avec ladiminution de la fécondité transversale. Le faible recul temporel ne nous permet pas de savoir si cetteréduction aura un impact sur la descendance finale des générationsThe longitudinal analysis of fertility shows that the low values of the period TF from 1980 to 2000was the result of the postponement of births, as women who born after 1960 were putting offparenthood to later ages which depressed period fertility rates. The increase of period TF in the firstdecade of 2000 is due to fertility “recuperation”, through the increase in fertility rates at ages over 30years old. The recuperation is incomplete and the cohort fertility has significantly reduced over timeAnalysis of cohort fertility by biological birth order shows a mean age of childbearing in first childincreasingly high and a significant increase of childlessness. The 20-25% of woman born from1970 to1975 in Greece will remain childlessness. The reduction of complete fertility in generations is largelydue to the fact that more and more women reaching the age of 49 years old without having achildren. Also the family size is reduced over the generations, two child family becoming the norm.The parity progression ratios reduced at all birth orders and especially a2 and a3. The low percentageof births outside marriage in Greece (6,7% 2013) revealed the important role of marriage inchildbearing. Data from the censuses (1991,2001,2011) show that unmarried women over 49 yearsold, had on average a total fertility between 0,05 to 0,15 children/women and a childlessness ratebetween 85 and 95%. The examination of a series of economic indicators like GDP andunemployment rate alongside with period TF reveals the strong correlation between the twophenomena. The short time series (2009-2012) does not allow us to know whether this reduction ofperiod fertility will have an impact on the cohort fertility
27
Wyndham, Diana Hardwick. "Striving for National Fitness: Eugenics in Australia 1910s to 1930s". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/402.
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Eugenics movements developed early this century in more than 20 countries, including Australia. However, for many years the vast literature on eugenics focused almost exclusively on the history of eugenics in Britain and America. While some aspects of eugenics in Australia are now being documented, the history of this movement largely remained to be written. Australians experienced both fears and hopes at the time of Federation in 1901. Some feared that the white population was declining and degenerating but they also hoped to create a new utopian society which would outstrip the achievements, and avoid the poverty and industrial unrest, of Britain and America. Some responded to these mixed emotions by combining notions of efficiency and progress with eugenic ideas about maximising the growth of a white population and filling the "empty spaces". It was hoped that by taking these actions Australia would avoid "racial suicide" or Asian invasion and would improve national fitness, thus avoiding "racial decay" and starting to create a "paradise of physical perfection". This thesis considers the impact of eugenics in Australia by examining three related propositions: 1. that from the 1910s to the 1930s, eugenic ideas in Australia were readily accepted because of concerns about declining birth rate; 2. that, while mainly derivative, Australian eugenics had several distinctive Australian qualities; 3. that eugenics has a legacy in many disciplines, particularly family planning and public health. This examination of Australian eugenics is primarily from the perspective of the people, publications and organisations which contributed to this movement in the first half of this century. In addition to a consideration of their achievements, reference is also made to the influence which eugenic ideas had in such diverse fields as education, immigration, law, literature, politics, psychology and science.
28
Wyndham, Diana Hardwick. "Striving for National Fitness: Eugenics in Australia 1910s to 1930s". University of Sydney, History, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/402.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Eugenics movements developed early this century in more than 20 countries, including Australia. However, for many years the vast literature on eugenics focused almost exclusively on the history of eugenics in Britain and America. While some aspects of eugenics in Australia are now being documented, the history of this movement largely remained to be written. Australians experienced both fears and hopes at the time of Federation in 1901. Some feared that the white population was declining and degenerating but they also hoped to create a new utopian society which would outstrip the achievements, and avoid the poverty and industrial unrest, of Britain and America. Some responded to these mixed emotions by combining notions of efficiency and progress with eugenic ideas about maximising the growth of a white population and filling the "empty spaces". It was hoped that by taking these actions Australia would avoid "racial suicide" or Asian invasion and would improve national fitness, thus avoiding "racial decay" and starting to create a "paradise of physical perfection". This thesis considers the impact of eugenics in Australia by examining three related propositions: 1. that from the 1910s to the 1930s, eugenic ideas in Australia were readily accepted because of concerns about declining birth rate; 2. that, while mainly derivative, Australian eugenics had several distinctive Australian qualities; 3. that eugenics has a legacy in many disciplines, particularly family planning and public health. This examination of Australian eugenics is primarily from the perspective of the people, publications and organisations which contributed to this movement in the first half of this century. In addition to a consideration of their achievements, reference is also made to the influence which eugenic ideas had in such diverse fields as education, immigration, law, literature, politics, psychology and science.
29
Kiger, Joshua A. "THE DIARY OF MARGARET GRAVES CARY:FAMILY & GENDER IN THE MERCHANT CLASS OF 18th CENTURY CHARLESTOWN". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1406980949.
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30
Friedman, Merle. "Developmental changepoints: the birth of a first child". Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/16767.
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A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Arts,
University of the Witwatersrand, infulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
NOVEMBER, 1987The present study is set within the broad area of adult development and functioning. It is primarily located within the developmental theory of Erik Brikson, who described development, not only frem the perspective of the growing child, hut with the understanding ox the continuity of development over the entire life cycle (1878). As this represents m area of relatively recent concern, there are many gaps in the literature. A cognitive map in the fom of a hypothetical construct ten&ad the- Transitional Space was described and developed in this woi-k, to facilitate tha undetstartiing of both, individual and cduyle development and functioning. This hypothetical construct was based on Winnicott's (1971) original notion of transitional phenomena, which he located as being between inner and outer reality. The Transitional space may be briefly described as that part of the inner world that is projected outwards, and both reflects the internal frame of reference through which the perception of the world is filtered, as well as those aspects of hidden inner reality that are perceived by others as being "me". The Transitional Space comprises three aspects, namely: boundary quality, content, and size. Boundary quality of the Transitional Space reflects the ability of the individual for intimate contact, and id described in terms of the parameters of flexibility and permeability. The content of the Transitional -pace is described as that aspect that is concerned with ego identity (Erikson 1968). Finally, the aspect of the size of the Transitional space isNa reflection of progression along the continuum of ego development as operationalizud by Loevinyer et al (1970):. ” " ' As it has been found that systems are most accessible to observation and study during periods of change, it was decided to locate the study at a point of developmental change or crisis. The period selected for investigation was the tisite around the birth of the first child, and thus the transition to parenthood. In response to evidence of a need in the literature, a model was derived to both describe and explain the changes over this period. The model of change was based on the findings of. Janis (1958), in terms of preparation for change, and regression in the face of stress, as well as the theory of "romantic solutions" to transitional periods (Becker, 1973) and the cyclicity of the romantic experience (Livingston, 1980). The model was integrated with tije sociological model of LaRossa and laRossa (1981), to form a more canprehensive description and explanation of the process of the ■ transition to parenthood. ; The first aim in the study was to describe and predict adult and couple functioning on the basis of the model of thi Transitional Space, with special reference to the changepoint of the transition to
31
Hodges, Sarah Elizabeth. "Conjugality, progeny and progress : family and modernity in twentieth-century India /". 1999. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:9951797.
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32
Smítková, Alena. "Zbraslavsko v pramenech hromadné povahy 17.-19. století. Demografická sonda se zvláštním zřetelem k obci Lahovice". Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-298709.
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The thesis "Zbraslavsko in sources of collective character 17.-19. century" treats informations from the register of births, marriages and deaths of the church St. James the Greater in Zbraslav in 1652-1800 years. The purpose of this thesis next to basic demographical data is the first name question - what (or who) had a bearing on this selection. Here are writing out all first names of this time together with the main factors, which have been able to decide on bearing the first name.
33
Kang, Chin Wen, i 康金玟. "The Birth control Experience for the Southeast Asian Postpartum Women in Transitional Marriages in Taiwan". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15691192665933277913.
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碩士長庚大學
護理學研究所
97
The main purpose of this study was to explore life experience of birth regulation of Southeast-Asian female spouses in Taiwan. The study adopted the qualitative research and purposive sampling design. 11 Southeast-Asian female spouses in teaching hospitals in Northern Taiwan were visited. A phenomenology study were conducted and guided with semi-structured interview. Interviewers collected information with observation and face-to face in-depth interview so that participants were allowed to describe their experience of birth regulation. The phenomenologic analysis of transcripts yielded three essential themes : First, reappearing of patriarch：carry on the family name as the marriage mission; to build hope on the child. Second, helplessness in that of the downgraded sexual and reproduction rights : birth control autonomy was controlled by husband; sexual life under the hegemonic thinking controls. Third, confusion of medical and nursing culture shock far away from home: limitation and doubt to about knowledge of birth regulation; adjusting of the strange medical environment. Results of this study were expected to help health-care providers to meet demands of female Southeast-Asian spouses for family plan and develop postpartum family plan and care model of health education.
34
莊廣婷. "Traditions, Gossips, and Constraints: Women's Interpretations of Marriage and Birth at the Jufu Village, Kinmen". Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24633789723258728851.
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碩士國立清華大學
人類學研究所
94
Abstract This thesis is concerned with women’s interpretation of marriage and birth in a traditional village, Jufu, in Kinmen (Quemoy). The value of patrilineal culture is interiorized by local people and expressed in daily life as public opinion through informal conversations, rumors, and gossips. As a result, women at Jufu village continue to subscribe to the traditional concepts of marriage and birth. The significance of these findings lies in the linkage between the period of military control (1956-1992) and the recent period of social change (2000-2004) by delineating the perspectives of local women of different cohorts. Jufu is a lineage village with strict kinship and marriage organization. The villagers utilize public opinion as the mechanism of communication as well as social control. Under the cultural context of ancestor worship, this mechanism reinforces the traditional values of marriage institution and the preference of son to daughter. Even in the present period of transition when the Jufu villagers have long adopted modern communication media and a lifestyle of modern industrial and commercial society, the traditional values of marriage and patrilineality remain salient and show no signs of being prone to social change. The women of Jufu village did not respond to the recent social change by abandoning the traditional values of marriage and birth. Rather, they took social change as an opportunity for agency and actively chose the traditional values of marriage and birth as their female gender ideology. This study based on five months (July-December, 2004) ethnographic fieldwork at Jufu village, Kinmen. Research methods adopted in this research are: in-depth interview (102 women and 59 men), conversation with local elites (senior members, religious ritual experts, and intellectuals), literature search, and participant-observation.
35
Liu, Shu-Ting, i 劉淑婷. "The impact of the first birth on family and marital life:a comparative study between transnational and domestic marriages". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70127875122049197847.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
碩士國立陽明大學
公共衛生研究所
96
The target population of this study is couples of transnational marriages, with couples of domestic marriages as a reference group. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of the first birth on family and marital life of couples of transnational marriages by combining quantitative and qualitative methods. Firstly mailed survey is used to investigate the sense of coherence, family sense of coherence, changes of life and marital satisfaction of the couples, and then try to find out what factors would affect the results. Secondly semi-structured interview is conducted to explore the experience of nurturing the infant, attitude towards motherhood and fatherhood, and conjugal relation of the couples. The study was conducted between September 2006 and November 2007. Questionnaires from 46 transnational couples (effective return rate 69.7%) and 72 domestic couples (return rate 80%) were collected. Eleven out of the 46 transnational couples agreed to participate in the semi-structured interview. Questionnaire showed that the females in the transnational marriages have higher sense of coherence and better changes of life after the first birth than the males, and also better than their native counterparts. Regarding family sense of coherence and marital satisfaction, there is no significant difference among these four groups. There is significant difference in changes of life after the first birth between the couples of transnational marriages, and the females have better changes of life than males. Among the couples of domestic marriages, the females have lower sense of coherence and worse changes of life after the first birth compared to their spouses. However there are no significant differences in sense of coherence, family sense of coherence, changes of life and marital satisfaction between the males of transnational marriages compared to males of domestic marriages. In addition, for both males and females in transnational as well as domestic marriages the family sense of coherence, changes of life after the birth of the baby, and marital satisfaction are positively correlated with their spouses. The family and marital life of the couples of transnational marriages are associated with four factors -- “pregnancy planned by the couple”, “level of education of the male spouse”, “the monthly income of the male spouse”, and “the monthly income of the couple”. The family and marital life of the couples of domestic marriages are associated with three factors -- “pregnancy planned by the couple”, “monthly income of the male spouse”, and “the difference between the couple in the attitude towards parenthood”. The interview revealed that the couples think the first birth can not only make conjugal and family relation more coherent, which more than enough to compensate for the great load of parenthood by bringing more happiness and achievement. The transnational couples have consensus on parenthood, with fathers responsible for the earning and mothers responsible for nurturing the child and housework. Although most interviewees express their intention to build happy families and marriages, some women suffer from domestic violence. The study finds that transnational marriages with greater age disparity, lower social support, lower family economic or lower level of education of the male spouses had greater distress. The author suggests that to these families more assistance should be provided, including health education, marriage counseling, vocational training and welfare allowance, to improve their family and marital life.
36
Cing, Hwang Su, i 黃素卿. "An inquiry on the customs of marriage and giving birth in Liouciou Township Office, Pingtung county". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/v5bhxd.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
碩士國立臺東大學
華語文學系
95
Liouciou Township Office is the only insuler in Pingtung county. It owns abundent marine resources and human landscape. Combined with the time and the space, the lifestyle of the island’s residents becoms a kind of the unique culture which is apart from the Taiwan’s main island. Among these cultures, marriage and rear are the specialist. Currently, the Liouciou island still sustain the custom of going to meet one's bride at her home before escorting her back to one's own home for the wedding with a bridal sedan chair, and it recruits female carman overall. Expect for this, the other relevant customs are also unique. Due to these reasons, it deserves to be inquired deeply. The approaches of questionnaire, deeply interview and on-site investigation are used to record the island’s unique marriage and giving birth in this dissertation, and further understand how these two customs are deeply rooted in the residents’ lifestyle. Expect for building a whole part of the culture in the marriage and giving birth, the karma and context which are formed in the unique space are also going to be inquired. After the research, this dissertation induct the indigenous customs of marriage and giving birth. These characteristics are written below: 1. The customs of marriage and giving birth are deeply influenzied by religious belief. Procedures from the premarriage’s chossing day, named after the birth, and especially marry a bride ceremony are proceeded by the deity’s leadership. It is convinced that many taboos are formed deeply by the influence on religious belief. 2. the customs of marriage and giving birth exist the strong sexual perspective. The perspective of valuing men and belittling women is deeply rooted, and in order to pass down the posterity’s business, the son’s marriage is especially the most important matter. Women are proud of getting a boy, and it also a way to cultivate her status in her husband’s family. 3. The customs of marriage and giving birth retain the special conventions. Procedures from marriage’s going to meet one's bride at her home before escorting her back to one's own home for the wedding with a bridal sedan chair, bride’s entering a door, and circumventing of husband’s family, to cooking oil rice on the complete month, and the custom of dumpling, are teemed with characteristics. 4. The customs of marriage and giving birth keep an eye on reciprocity with Courtesy between relatives by marriage. Procedures from two family’s alliance on the marriage, to giving the gift of complete month, four months, and year old on the custom of rear, increase the contact and interact between relatives by marriage. 5. The customs of marriage and giving birth show the dense humanness. Procedures from distributing bride cakes and remains of foods on the marriage, giving the gift of a month of time starting from delivery of a baby or the period of the mother's rest, giving red dumpling on the complete month, and especially providing relatives to pack foods on the marriage banquet, pervade the dense humanness everywhere.
37
"Three empirical essays on family economics". Thesis, 2010. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6075001.
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Essay 2 uses Chinese adult twin data to investigate birth weight effect, the outcomes of which have been changed to long-term achievements. The OLS results suggest that birth weight has significant positive relationship with earnings, adult height, and health conditions. However, within-twin-pair results indicate that birth weight has significant positive influence only on adult height. Essay 2 also systematically interprets the pattern of bias directions of OLS relative to within-twins estimates across empirical studies on long-term outcomes. For health measures, OLS estimates are consistently biased upward relative to within-twins estimates across empirical studies, suggesting an overall positive correlation between omitted factors and birth weight. On the contrary, the bias direction of OLS relative to within-twins estimates fluctuates across empirical studies on ability-related outcomes, including educational attainment and earnings. This suggests that there are two main types of omitted variable (e.g., endowments and post-birth parental inputs) with each type having different correlation with birth weight.Essay 3 uses data from the 2000 and 2005 censuses of China. It analyzes trends on the marital behavior of Chinese people during 1970-2004, and the impact of the one-child policy in terms of marriage age, marriage rate, and assortative mating on age. First, this essay finds that from 1990 onwards, more people have preferred to marry at and after their mid-twenties. Interestingly, up to the early 2000s, the prevailing marriage rates of men and women over 35 years old maintained at very high levels (over 90%) despite China becoming more prosperous. Moreover, the positive assortative mating on age was more or less the same from 1970 to 2004. In addition, this essay is the first to compare the marriages of Zhuang people relative to other non-Han people (excluding Man people) around 1989 to implement the difference-indifferences (DiD) estimation. Results from DiD estimations indicate that the one-child policy encourages more people to delay marriages. On the one hand, the policy favors more men at 30 years old or above to marry young women in their twenties. On the other hand, interestingly, it also induces more young men to marry older women.
The dissertation consists of three empirical studies on Chinese household behavior. Essay 1 uses Chinese child twin data to examine the effect of birth weight on performances during childhood and adolescent periods. Essay 1 has three main contributions to literature. First, this essay is the first to use twin data of an Asian developing country to study the birth weight impact. Within-twins results suggest that birth weight has significant effect on physical growth, but no significant effect on school performance, health conditions, and personality. Second, this study is the first to apply threshold regression on twin data to examine the non-linearity effect of birth weight. Overall, there is no evidence to support the argument that the effect is nonlinear on medium-term outcomes. Third, this study is the first to test directly whether birth weight effect operates through interaction with post-birth parental inputs. There is no evidence to support that this mechanism works in within-twins results.
Wong, Man Kit.
Adviser: Junsen Zhang.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-01, Section: A, page: .
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010.
Includes bibliographical references.
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest dissertations and theses, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstract also in Chinese.
38
Wu, Chih-Chieh, i 吳至潔. "Health and Health Care of Low Birth Weight Newborns by Foreign-born Mothers：With special emphasis on policies for transcultural marriages and global health". Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13966003785169465630.
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碩士國立陽明大學
公共衛生研究所
93
ABSTRACT Background �� Currently in Taiwan, a marriage between a foreign born citizen and a Taiwan citizen is in fact a social phenomenon. According to the Ministry of the Interior (2003), approximately one out of nine marriages in Taiwan is considered a transnational marriage. According to the past researches, immigrant women tend to have a greater number of low birth weight babies than non-immigrant women. Low birth weight (LBW) is the most significant determinant of neonatal mortality and morbidity and may continue throughout life; hence, LBW should be considered as is a global public health. However, there are still some controversies on whether young or old age parents attribute to low birth weight infants and little literature had studied the population groups in Taiwan. Furthermore, few had discussed the association between the factor of paternal age difference and low birth weight. Objectives �� The purpose is primarily to examine the relationship between paternal and maternal age differences of Taiwan born males married to foreign-born women in relationship to the risk of low birth weight (LBW) infants. Furthermore, we examined literary research and compared the differences of various countries’ immigration policies in order to provide a more effective and efficient migration health policy intervention. Materials and Methods �� The present thesis is a population-based cross sectional study. Data collection was achieved from the Taiwan birth registry in 2003. The associations between factors and the occurrence LBW’s were subjected to analysis. Besides, the effect of parental age and their difference on the risk of LBW newborns was evaluated separately for foreign-born mothers as compared to Taiwan born mothers. Results �� Maternal age, paternal age, parental age difference and maternal nativity did significantly influence the incidence of LBW infants in univariate analysis. A considerable increase in the risk of LBW infants was noted among foreign-born mothers whose male partners were more than 10 years older. We also found that parental age differences factor positively influence the risk of delivering an LBW baby. Conclusion �� We found that immigrant women might be a significant factor in association with the incidence of low birth weight newborns. Moreover, the parental age difference plays as an important predictor of LBW delivery. The study indicated that foreign-born mother who married to Taiwanese men, whose age were 10 years or older, was a risk factor of low birth weight delivery. Base on the finding of this study, suggestions and recommendations are proposed for health care and health policy. It is also important to development and to establish culturally sensitive health interventions and appropriate health policy to newly immigrant women that are on the risks of having LBW delivery. However, the current national and international immigration policies are still insufficient. Further studies and researches are needed to help establish preventative measures that will allow immigrant women and their family to have healthy life and integrate into Taiwan society.
39
Hawash, Ronia Ahmed. "Three essays on the impact of political and economic shocks during childhood on health outcomes : evidence from developing countries". Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/12085.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)The dissertation consists of three essays which attempt to capture causal relationships between shocks during childhood and before birth, and later health outcomes. Exogenous shocks such as the experiences of war and political upheaval are treated as natural experiments which minimize problems of endogeneity and selection that are present in most association studies. The first essay examines how exposure to civil war during childhood affects females’ outcomes including age at first marriage, fertility, and second generation infant mortality using the Biafra war which took place in Nigeria between years 1967 and 1970. The study uses difference-in-difference analysis to show that females that witnessed war during early adolescence got married younger than their peers not exposed to the war, and were more likely to have higher fertility and second-generation infant mortality. The second essay uses the same shock, the Biafra war, to test if males’ and females’ exposure to community-level violence results in higher risk of experiencing domestic violence in their marital relationships in the long-run. The study conducts difference-in-difference analysis on females and males separately to show that the males’ exposure to the war at ages 13 and older is the main mechanism behind females being victims of domestic violence in the long-run. The third essay examines the impact of acute prenatal stress on birth weight using the 2011 Egyptian revolution fatalities as an indicator for exposure to violence and stressful events. Results show that higher prenatal stress resulting from political conflict during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy has a significant negative impact on birth weight. This finding is robust to restricting the sample to siblings’ data and using mother fixed effects, suggesting that neither observable nor unobservable characteristics of mothers are driving the results.
40
Wang, Wan-Yi, i 汪婉宜. "Use of the Survey Data for Marriage, Fertility and Employment of Women in Taiwan to Investigate the Correlated Demographic Factors to Birth Behavior". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11409006335972739185.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
流行病學與預防醫學研究所
99
In recent years, the fertility rate continues to decline in Taiwan and the population of Taiwan is aging faster, which causes various problems in many aspects. How to raise fertility rate and improve the aging population is the main concerned issue of the government. This study uses the data from Survey of Marriage、Fertility and Employment of Women in Taiwan and chooses women who had married for least three years to probe correlated demographic factors for birth behaviors, such as women’s age, first married age, education level and their spouse’s education level, urbanization level of the areas they live. Analysis method is logistic regression. The probabilities of women giving birth in three years after marriage are studies through the association analysis with different demographic factors in different years. Our result shows that the woman’s first marriage age has a significant effect on birth behavior for different year’s survey data. There are significant differences in 2000, 2003 and 2006-survey data for cohort effect. Cohort effect represents change of birth behavior pattern In 2000, 2003-survey data, spouse’s education level effect and region of residence are significant factors. Higher the education level is lower the probability of birth is in three years and regional difference represents living cost that may affect the delay of birth behavior. In 2003 and 2006-survey data, the birth behavior has the same pattern for education level of women.
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Opong, Andrew Kwasi. "The religious significance of ritual practices conducted at births, weddings and funerals in Lesotho". Diss., 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/15719.
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This dissertation aims at finding out the religious significance of Basotho ritual practices at births, weddings and funerals in Lesotho. The researcher combines literature review of scholars who have studied the Basotho socio-cultural life, with personal field study through dissemination
of questionnaires, interviews and personal observations. Through this approach he finds out the various ritual practices that dot the Basotho life through the rites of passage, and then studies their religiousness in terms of traditional beliefs. He also finds out how these ritual practices
have persisted in the face of Christian influence and western education, and how far they have been influenced. There is also an attempt to look into the importance of ancestor veneration in connection with
Basotho beliefs and practices. The study reveals that the religious connotation of the ritual practices lies in how people seek transcendental meaning to life through the ritual practices.Religious Studies & Arabic
M.A. (Religious Studies)
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Maurer, Anna C. ""Churches in the Vanguard:" Margaret Sanger and the Morality of Birth Control in the 1920s". Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/7908.
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Many religious leaders in the early 1900s were afraid of the immoral associations and repercussions of birth control. The Catholic Church and some Protestants never accepted contraception, or accepted it much later, but many mainline Protestants leaders did change their tune dramatically between the years of 1920 and 1931. This investigation seeks to understand how Margaret Sanger was able to use her rhetoric to move her reform from the leftist outskirts and decadent, sexual connotations into the mainstream of family-friendly, morally virtuous, and even conservative religious approval. Securing the approval of religious leaders subsequently provided the impetus for legal and medical acceptance by the late-1930s.
Margaret Sanger used conferences, speeches, articles, her magazine (Birth Control Review), and several books to reinforce her message as she pragmatically shifted from the radical left closer to the center and conservatives. She knew the power of the churches to influence their members, and since the United States population had undeniably a Judeo-Christian base, this power could be harnessed in order to achieve success for the birth control movement, among the conservative medical and political communities and the public at large. Despite the clear consensus against birth control by all mainline Christian churches in 1920, including Roman Catholics and Protestants alike, the decade that followed would bring about a great divide that would continue to widen in successive decades.
Sanger put forward many arguments in her works, but the ones which ultimately brought along the relatively conservative religious leaders were those that presented birth control not as a gender equity issue, but rather as a morally constructive reform that had the power to save and strengthen marriages; lessen prostitution and promiscuity; protect the health of women; reduce abortions, infanticide, and infant mortality; and improve the quality of life for children and families. Initially, many conservatives and religious leaders associated the birth control movement with radicals, feminists, prostitutes, and promiscuous youth, and feared contraception would lead to immorality and the deterioration of the family. Without the threat of pregnancy, conservatives feared that youth and even married adults would seize the opportunity to have sex outside of marriage. Others worried the decreasing size of families was a sign of growing selfishness and materialism. In response, Sanger promoted the movement as a way for conservatives to stop the rising divorce rates by strengthening and increasing marriages, and to improve the lives of families by humanely increasing the health and standard of living, for women and children especially. In short, she argued that birth control would not lead to deleterious consequences, but would actually improve family moral values and become an effective humanitarian reform. She recognized that both liberals and conservatives were united in hoping to strengthen the family, and so she emphasized those virtues and actively courted those same conservative religious leaders that had previously shunned birth control and the movement. Throughout the 1920s, she emphasized the ways in which birth control could strengthen marriages and improve the quality of life of women and children, and she effectively won over the relatively conservative religious leaders that she needed to bring about the movement’s public, medical, and political progress.
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SMRČKOVÁ, Leona. "Etické aspekty odpovědného rodičovství". Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-170658.
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The diploma thesis deals with the change of the family in today's society, its roles, and the ways of cohabitation which replace the family. It evaluates the significance of marriage and parenthood for children and for their future lives. It describes the difficulties related to responsible parenthood and the role of parents during their children's adolescence. It evaluates the mentioned issues from the point of view of Christian ethics. It also touches on the problems of the current society in terms of infertility and assisted reproduction as well as ethical issued connected with them.
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Nováková, Iveta. "Populační vývoj ve Švédsku od roku 1960". Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-437803.
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Population development in Sweden since 1960 Abstract This diploma thesis deals with the population development in Sweden between 1960 and 2018. The main goal of this work is to evaluate in the context of selected demographic characteristics the course of demographic changes that appeared in the country after 1960. The result is changes in the level of demographic reproduction, which are referred to as the second demographic transition. From the 1960s to the present, Sweden has seen an increase in the average age at first marriage, an increase in the average age of the mother giving birth and an increase in the number of divorces. During the observed period, the Swedish population aged, the share of the pre-productive component of the population decreased, while the share of the post-productive component in the population increased. The development of total fertility in Sweden is often compared to a roller coaster due to its specific fluctuation. From 1960 to 2018, Sweden saw a decline in mortality rates, especially in the older age groups and up to one year of age, which was reflected in the values of life expectancy at birth that grew for both men and women. Sweden is inspiring for other European countries with its gender-neutral family and social policy. Keywords: population development, Sweden, second...
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Nel, Michael John. "The ancestors and Zulu family transitions: a Bowen theory and practical theological interpretation". Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1629.
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The commandment to honour one's father and mother is not limited to honouring parents while they are living. In Zulu culture, for both the traditionalist and Christian Zulu, honouring parents, whether alive or dead, is to relate to them with great respect. Unfortunately, this respect for the ancestors has been misunderstood by many and labeled as "worship" or, more recently, as "veneration".
Affixing a religious connotation ("worship", etc.) to the relationship led to the expectation that Zulu Christians would reject their ancestors and all the rites and practices associated with them. In spite of injunctions from the Church, a marked shift is occurring among Zulu Christians as many reincorporate their ancestors into their family process. This dissertation, an exploratory study, addresses this process of reincorporation by offering a new, non-religious interpretation of the relationship.
Historically, the Zulu have sought and welcomed the presence of the ancestors during stressful family transitions such as marriage, birth, puberty and death. If the Church focused on the increased anxiety and destabilization associated with these family transitions, new insights could be gained into the functional importance of the ancestors (as anxiety binders) in the family process.
The application of Bowen theory, a new paradigm for practical theology, to the research data provides new perspectives and understanding into the functional importance of the ancestors for Zulu families. Central to Bowen theory is the concept of the family as an emotional unit that includes all generations, including the ancestors. This concept correlates closely with the Zulu understanding of kinship. The concepts of multigenerational transmission process and triangulation in Bowen theory offer effective theoretical bases for interpreting the ongoing relationship Zulu families have with their ancestors.
This dissertation critiques certain Church practices and offers a practical theological response that can inform and enrich the Church's pastoral care. By developing a practical theology of relationships'one informed by Bowen theory, Scripture and the traditions of the Church'the Church can assist Zulu Christians pastorally as they reincorporate their ancestors into their family process.Practical Theology
D. Th. (Practical Theology)