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Kramski, Marit. "Infections of common marmosets with calpox virus". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15866.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe intentional re-introduction of Variola virus (VARV), the agents of smallpox, into the human population remains of concern today. Moreover, zoonotic infections with Cowpox (CPXV) and Monkeypox virus (MPXV) cause severe diseases in humans. Smallpox vaccines presently available can have severe adverse effects that are no longer acceptable. The efficacy and safety of new vaccines and antivirals have to be demonstrated by different animal models. The existing primate models, using VARV and MPXV, need very high viral doses that have to be applied intravenously to induce a lethal infection in macaque monkeys. To overcome these drawbacks, the main objective of this study was to develop a primate model in which a smallpox-like disease could be induced by a CPXV virus designated calpox virus which was isolated from a lethal orthopox virus (OPV) outbreak in New World monkeys (marmosets). The new non-human primate model has three major advantages: 1. Working with calpox virus is less challenging and can be done under bio-safety-level two. 2. Mimicking the natural route of VARV infection, intranasally infected marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) reproducibly developed clinical symptoms of an OPV infection and died within two to three days after onset of the first symptoms. High viral loads of calpox virus were detected in blood, saliva and all analyzed organs. 3. Intranasal titration of the virus resulted in a 50 % monkey infectious dose (MID50) of 8.3x102 pfu, a lethal infectious dose 10,000 lower than those used in any other primate model. Moreover, we showed the aptitude of the primate model for the testing of new vaccines since nine to ten weeks after immunization with Vaccinia virus Lister-Elstree marmosets were completely protected against intranasal challenge with 10 MID50 of calpox virus. As the calpox virus/marmoset model overcomes major limitations of current primate models it is suitable to evaluate new vaccines, new vaccination strategies and antiviral therapies.
Ashworth, Jonathan F. "Immunohistochemical study of marmoset periodontal ligament microvasculature : a confocal laser scanning microscopic study". Title page, contents and summary only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09DM/09dma831.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaLee, David. "A scanning electron microscopic study of the marmoset palate and periodontium microvasculature using corrosion casts /". Title page, contents and summary only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09DM/09dml477.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaBlackwood, Nicholas Simon. "Variation in response behaviours in captive common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)". Thesis, Durham University, 2006. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2744/.
Pełny tekst źródłaMork, Amy Lovejoy. "EVOLUTIONARY MORPHOLOGY OF THE MASTICATORY APPARATUS IN TREE GOUGING MARMOSETS". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1342796212.
Pełny tekst źródłaKühnel, Friederike. "Erhebung von Blutrichtwerten und deren Beeinflussung durch Haltung und Fütterung beim Weißbüschelaffen (Callithrix jacchus)". Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-129437.
Pełny tekst źródłaCommon marmosets are often used as animal models for human diseases. For their health maintenance, diagnostic blood values are absolutely essential. Previously obtained reference values are characterized by great value-specific differences. Moreover, the influence of routine measures on these blood parameters, e. g. changes in housing conditions, has not been examined yet. Therefore, the first aim of the present study was to update haematological and clinical chemical blood parameters of common marmosets. Further, the influence of stress, caused by relocation to a new housing, on these parameters and the cortisol level in feces was examined. In addition to that, common marmosets under human management are often affected by gastrointestinal diseases, which are difficult to diagnose with basic standard blood values. In this context, sensitivity to nutritional elements, e. g. gluten, plays an important role and is discussed as a potential cause of wasting marmoset syndrome (WMS). In the second part of this study, the recurrent gastrointestinal diseases of common marmosets under human management were aetiologically investigated, with special regard to possible gluten sensitivity. In the first part of this study, blood samples were obtained from 54 female and male common marmosets to evaluate standard values of haematology and clinical chemistry. The determined haematological parameters are similar to the already obtained data, the clinical chemistry values differ somewhat: The enzyme activities of lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase and lipase in addition to the ranges of alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin diverge from the data ascertained in this study. Moreover, female animals presented significantly higher mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin than males, whereas male common marmosets showed significantly higher total- and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, compared to females. Further, 16 animals were relocated to a new environment for a time period of four weeks, before they returned to their home cages. The change of housing caused a decreased leuko- and lymphocyte count in all examined animals that was still measurable four weeks after the relocation. At the same time, an increased fecal cortisol level was determined. The aim of the second study was to investigate the modification of plasma antibodies to gliadin (AGA), tissue transglutaminase (tTG), deamidated gliadin (ADGA) and glycoprotein 2 (AGP2A) during two successive diets in 24 animals: A gluten-containing diet (diet 1) and a gluten-free diet (diet 2). Further, clinical symptoms of WMS and the animals’ body weight were also examined. An analysis of the feces of antibody-positive animals regarding changes in quality and dry matter content was carried out with samples collected during diet 2 and a successive gluten challenge diet of two months duration. The serological diagnostics resulted in a significant decline of AGA, antibodies to tTG and AGP2A during diet 2 in animals that had shown increased antibody concentrations during diet 1. Diet 2 also caused an amelioration of clinical symptoms and an increased body weight in antibody-positive animals. The gluten challenge resulted in a decreased feces quality and a lower fecal dry matter, compared to fecal samples of diet 2. In the context of this dissertation, parameters of haematology and clinical chemistry of the common marmoset were updated. Stress caused by relocation to a new housing was still measurable for a period of four weeks. It is therefore essential to consider this time span in the design of scientific studies to secure animal welfare prior to the study and to reduce the influence of stress on experimental results. In combination with the clinical symptoms, the detection of antibodies that are part of the pathogenesis of coeliac disease in humans strongly suggests gluten sensitivity with an aetiological connection to WMS in common marmosets. Therefore, gluten-free nutrition of common marmosets under human management is highly recommendable
Ash, Hayley. "Assessing the welfare of laboratory-housed marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) : effects of breeding and infant rearing background". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21794.
Pełny tekst źródłaLloyd, S. A. C. "The neural control of masculine reproductive and social behaviours in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19056.
Pełny tekst źródłaFerrari, Stephen Francis. "The behaviour and ecology of the buffy-headed marmoset, Callithrix flaviceps (O. Thomas, 1903)". Thesis, Online version, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.284007.
Pełny tekst źródłaWatson, Claire F. I. "Social contagion in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) : implications for cognition, culture and welfare". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3446.
Pełny tekst źródłaBloomfield, Kelly Louise, i n/a. "Investigation of the Role of Thioredoxin in the Invasive Phenotype and its Interaction with the Transcription Factor Sp1". Griffith University. School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20031021.120018.
Pełny tekst źródłaBloomfield, Kelly Louise. "Investigation of the Role of Thioredoxin in the Invasive Phenotype and its Interaction with the Transcription Factor Sp1". Thesis, Griffith University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366170.
Pełny tekst źródłaThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences
Full Text
Schmitt, Anne Elisabeth [Verfasser]. "Untersuchungen zur experimentellen Infektion von Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) mit dem Calpoxvirus / Anne Elisabeth Schmitt". Hannover : Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080867910/34.
Pełny tekst źródłaWagner, Wencke M. "Diagnostic imaging of the normal common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06282005-111803/.
Pełny tekst źródłaShelton, Susan. "Morphological Differences in Mandible Form between Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) and Cotton-Top Tamarins (Saguinus oedipus)". Thesis, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10843892.
Pełny tekst źródłaMandible form in cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) and common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) provides insight into effects of dietary differences. Mandible shape is due to both genetic factors as well as environmental, with functional differences included in the environmental (Klingenberg and Leamy, 2001). Forces associated with differences in food acquisition can be expected to lead to morphological changes. Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus ) and cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) have different feeding styles, and therefore, have different mandible and other craniofacial adaptations. Whether these taxa are wild-born or lab-born could also affect their mandible form. There is a lack of agreement whether there is sexual dimorphism between these two species, but this study indicates there is sexual dimorphism even after adjusting for size. Standardized lateral and superior views of mandible photographs of both species were analyzed at different mandibular regions and individual dimensions. Not only did it reveal intraspecific and interspecific sexual dimorphism, there is also a difference in mandible form whether a species is wild-born or lab-born. S. oedipus males and females are larger if born in the wild and C. jacchus are larger if born in the lab. This could have implications in the future on how lab-born monkeys are being cared for and fed to better mimic their natural habitat.
Kureta, Yoichi. "Perception of species-specific vocalizations in common marmosets(Callithrix jacchus) : Experimental studies by operant-based discrimination paradigm". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/181451.
Pełny tekst źródłaMota, Maria Teresa da Silva. "Hormonal and behavioural studies of paternal and alloparental care, and reproductive success in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)". Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298752.
Pełny tekst źródłaYamaguchi, Chieko. "Experimental studies on vocal modulation in common marmosets: Acoustic properties of contact calls during different social contexts". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/120715.
Pełny tekst źródłaGraham, Bryan. "Optical factors affecting post-natal growth of the Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus jacchus) eye". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:efdf1daf-f853-4f35-bf55-7df9a32c6a50.
Pełny tekst źródłaBadihi, Inbal. "The effects of complexity, choice and control on the behaviour and the welfare of captive common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/120.
Pełny tekst źródłaKramski, Marit [Verfasser], Detlev H. [Gutachter] Krüger, Georg [Gutachter] Pauli i Michael F. G. [Gutachter] Schmidt. "Infections of common marmosets with calpox virus / Marit Kramski ; Gutachter: Detlev H. Krüger, Georg Pauli, Michael F. G. Schmidt". Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1208076493/34.
Pełny tekst źródłaTel, Banu Cahide. "Biochemical changes in basal ganglia output pathways following chronic administration of L-dopa and dopamine agonists to MPTP-treated marmosets". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429211.
Pełny tekst źródłaBassett, Lois. "Effects of predictability of feeding routines on the behaviour and welfare of captive primates". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3319.
Pełny tekst źródłaFerraz, Myrna Campos 1969. "Própolis na dieta de primatas (callithrix sp) submetidos ao estresse e mantidos em cativeiro /". Botucatu : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96659.
Pełny tekst źródłaBanca: Luis Carlos Marchini
Banca: Nabor Veiga
Resumo: Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram avaliar o efeito da própolis sobre o peso e parâmetros comportamentais de saguis Callithrix sp mantidos em cativeiro e submetidos ao estresse. Foram utilizados 26 animais da espécie Callithrix jacchus (sagüi-de-tufo-branco) e Callithrix penicillata (sagüi-de-tufo-preto), com idade entre 8 e 18 meses, de ambos os sexos, os quais foram divididos em três tratamentos: T1- dieta de rotina; T2- dieta de rotina acrescida de 2% de própolis bruta e T3- dieta de rotina acrescida de 5% de própolis bruta da alimentação em relação ao consumo diário estimado por indivíduo. Os animais foram alimentados durante sete dias com ou sem o acréscimo de própolis (momento 1). Após este período, os animais continuaram recebendo o mesmo esquema alimentar e foram submetidos ao estresse intruso x residente, durante sete dias (momento 2), totalizando 14 dias. Em ambos os momentos foram avaliados os parâmetros comportamentais (brincadeiras social e lúdica, vocalização, catação e deslocamento) e a manutenção do peso dos animais. De acordo com os resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que a adição da própolis na dieta de sagüis mantidos em cativeiro promoveu maior ganho de peso nos animais, embora não tenha apresentado efeito na redução do estresse, avaliado através de parâmetros comportamentais. Sugere-se, no entanto, a necessidade de novas pesquisas no sentido de estudar outras concentrações de própolis e maiores tempos de observação dos animais.
Abstract : The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effects of propolis on the weight and behavioral parameters of Callithrix sp marmosets kept in captivity and subjected to stress. Twenty-six Callithrix jacchus (white-tuffed-ear marmoset) and Callithrix penicillata (black-tuffed ear marmoset), aged between 8 and 18 months, males and females, were divided into three treatment groups: T1- routine diet; T2- routine diet added of 2% crude propolis and T3- routine diet added of 5% crude propolis from daily diet, in relation to estimated daily consumption per individual. Animals were fed during seven days with or without the addition of propolis (moment 1). After this period, they continued receiving the same diet scheme and were subjected to intrusive x resident stress for seven days (moment 2), in 14 days of experiment. In both moments, behavioral parameters (social and playful activities, vocalization, catching and moving) and weight were evaluated. According to the obtained results, the addition of propolis to the diet of marmosets kept in captivity leads to greater weight gain in the animals although it had no effect on stress reduction, which was evaluated through behavioral parameters. Thus, there is the need for additional studies using other propolis concentrations and longer observation times.
Mestre
Ferraz, Myrna Campos [UNESP]. "Própolis na dieta de primatas (callithrix sp) submetidos ao estresse e mantidos em cativeiro". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96659.
Pełny tekst źródłaUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram avaliar o efeito da própolis sobre o peso e parâmetros comportamentais de saguis Callithrix sp mantidos em cativeiro e submetidos ao estresse. Foram utilizados 26 animais da espécie Callithrix jacchus (sagüi-de-tufo-branco) e Callithrix penicillata (sagüi-de-tufo-preto), com idade entre 8 e 18 meses, de ambos os sexos, os quais foram divididos em três tratamentos: T1- dieta de rotina; T2- dieta de rotina acrescida de 2% de própolis bruta e T3- dieta de rotina acrescida de 5% de própolis bruta da alimentação em relação ao consumo diário estimado por indivíduo. Os animais foram alimentados durante sete dias com ou sem o acréscimo de própolis (momento 1). Após este período, os animais continuaram recebendo o mesmo esquema alimentar e foram submetidos ao estresse intruso x residente, durante sete dias (momento 2), totalizando 14 dias. Em ambos os momentos foram avaliados os parâmetros comportamentais (brincadeiras social e lúdica, vocalização, catação e deslocamento) e a manutenção do peso dos animais. De acordo com os resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que a adição da própolis na dieta de sagüis mantidos em cativeiro promoveu maior ganho de peso nos animais, embora não tenha apresentado efeito na redução do estresse, avaliado através de parâmetros comportamentais. Sugere-se, no entanto, a necessidade de novas pesquisas no sentido de estudar outras concentrações de própolis e maiores tempos de observação dos animais.
The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effects of propolis on the weight and behavioral parameters of Callithrix sp marmosets kept in captivity and subjected to stress. Twenty-six Callithrix jacchus (white-tuffed-ear marmoset) and Callithrix penicillata (black-tuffed ear marmoset), aged between 8 and 18 months, males and females, were divided into three treatment groups: T1- routine diet; T2- routine diet added of 2% crude propolis and T3- routine diet added of 5% crude propolis from daily diet, in relation to estimated daily consumption per individual. Animals were fed during seven days with or without the addition of propolis (moment 1). After this period, they continued receiving the same diet scheme and were subjected to intrusive x resident stress for seven days (moment 2), in 14 days of experiment. In both moments, behavioral parameters (social and playful activities, vocalization, catching and moving) and weight were evaluated. According to the obtained results, the addition of propolis to the diet of marmosets kept in captivity leads to greater weight gain in the animals although it had no effect on stress reduction, which was evaluated through behavioral parameters. Thus, there is the need for additional studies using other propolis concentrations and longer observation times.
Lamp, Julika. "Etablierung nicht invasiver Testsysteme zur Darstellung von Beeinträchtigungen und Schmerzen in einem Primatenmodell für Endometriose". Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-61348.
Pełny tekst źródłaEndometriosis (EM) is a common gynecological disease, which is known to cause chronic pelvic pain and infertility in women (VALLE 2002). Up to now, it was not possible to assess, whether the animal models for research (e.g. rhesus macaque, ZONDERVAN et al. 2004; common marmoset, EINSPANIER et al. 2006) suffer from pain or impairments due to the disease. Therefore, new test systems are needed to obtain pain and discomfort in animal models for EM to enable the validation of new therapeutic agents with a view to the patients well being. It was the aim of this study, to establish new non invasive test systems to investigate signs of discomfort in an animal model for EM, the marmoset monkey. Assuming that painful diseases can influence the behaviour (WALLACE et al. 1990), the mobility (FLECKNELL 1986) and the cognitive abilities (SMITH et al. 2006) of animals, three non invasive test systems were reviewed for their ability to detect EM associated pain in common marmosets. They were based on behaviour (videotaping), mobility and exploratory behaviour (food tree, modified after ROBERTS et al. 1993) and cognitive abilities (Wisconsin General Test Apparatus (HARLOW 1949) and food tree). In the first part of this study, the daily activity patterns, allo- and autogrooming as well as water and food intake of nine common marmoset couples were monitored over a 12-hour light phase by video recording. The animals showed a trimodal course of activity per day with maxima from 7:00-8:00h, 11:00-12:00h and 15:00-16:00h. These activity maxima represented foraging behaviour, as they were followed by frequent food intake phases. The knowledge of the daily activity patterns allowed to optimize the experimental conditions for the tasks with the food tree and the Wisconsin General Test Apparatus (WGTA; HARLOW 1949) in the second part of this study. As every animal solved the tasks at the same time of day, the comparability and homogeneity of the results were optimized. By analysing the video documentation in the second part of this study, the females with EM, in contrast to the control females, did not show any social grooming behaviour (p=0.029). Furthermore, their activity level was almost significantly decreased (p=0.057). This reduced activity could indicate towards pain in the diseased females, while the lack of social grooming is similar to partnership problems in diseased women. The WGTA tasks revealed, that the females with EM performed significantly less trials per day in the first two settings (p=0.006/ p=0.008) and needed more trials to solve the first setting than the control animals (p=0.008). Those differences between diseased females and control animals were not detectable in the following three settings of the WGTA tasks. These results demonstrate, that EM affected marmosets have difficulties to concentrate on cognitive tasks and to cope with new situations. According to the International Primatological Society (MC CANN et al. 2007), these difficulties to cope with new situations can be interpreted as signs of distress. The food tree, a kind of jungle gym, was used to assess the animals` cognitive abilities as well as their mobility, but there were no significant differences between the EM diseased females and the control animals. In conclusion, the videotaping and the WGTA are suitable methods to demonstrate signs for impairments due to EM in marmoset monkeys. In following pharmacological studies, both test systems will allow to evaluate the benefit of new therapeutic agents on the animal model`s well being. In addition, the results of this study can help to refine procedures by replacing invasive methods like laparotomy according to the Refinement of RUSSELL and BURCH (1959)
McKinley, Jean. "Training in a laboratory environment : methods, effectiveness and welfare implications for two species of primate". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/23412.
Pełny tekst źródłaDias, Derlan Angelim. "Hierarquia social e sucesso alimentar em callithrix jacchus (Primates, Callithrichidae), sob condi??es naturais". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2007. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17257.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The competition for resources is one of the costs of group living. The scramble competition is considered an indirect type of competition, mainly associated with factors like group size and distribution of resources. Contest competition occurs when individuals compete directly for resources. In species that exibit this type of competition the establishment of dominance hierarchy can occur, resulting in differences on feeding and reproductive benefits for each member of the group. In these cases, aggressive and submissive behaviors are expected as a way to signal social status. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of social hierarchy over food ingestion in Callithrix jacchus. Data recording was from September/2006 to March/2007, eight days by month, at Floresta Nacional de A?u do Instituto Chico Mendes de Biodiversidade. The observation time started at 05:00 AM and finished after the last animal was on the sleeptree. Analyses of aggressive interactions, behavioral profile and diet, reveals a lot of advantages for dominat animals in the study group. Dominant individuals had higher intake of animal matter that subordinates. The last ones, consumed fruits, exsudate and, eventually, explored itens that were not common to the diet. We suggest that dominance hiearchy enable the reproductive female to assure priority on access to food resources, a important caracteristc to supply tha costs to maintain tha high reproductive taxa of the specie. We also suggest that reproductive male, due to the participation on food transfer, had the forage efficience reduced
A vida em grupo implica em competi??o por recursos entre os indiv?duos. Competi??o do tipo Scramble ? considerada um modo indireto de competi??o, associado principalmente a fatores como tamanho do grupo e distribui??o dos recursos no ambiente. Competi??o do tipo Contest ocorre quando indiv?duos competem diretamente por recursos. Em esp?cies sujeitas a esse modo de competi??o pode ocorrer estabelecimento de hierarquia de domin?ncia, resultando em diferen?as nos benef?cios obtidos pelos indiv?duos no ?mbito alimentar e reprodutivo. Intera??es agressivas, bem como exibi??es de submiss?o, s?o esperadas como forma de sinalizar status social. Neste estudo investigamos o modo como a hierarquia social atua sobre o sucesso alimentar em Callithrix jacchus. De setembro de 2006 a mar?o de 2007 observamos um grupo selvagem de sag?is na Floresta Nacional de A?u do Instituto Chico Mendes de Biodiversidade, 8 dias por m?s. As observa??es tinham inicio ?s 05:00 e t?rmino ap?s todos os indiv?duos se recolherem ? ?rvore de dormir. A coleta de dados foi realizada atrav?s da t?cnica animal focal com registro instant?neo a cada minuto, durante 15 minutos consecutivos. Analisando as intera??es agon?sticas, perfil comportamental e perfil alimentar do grupo, verificamos que a hierarquia social em C. jacchus, al?m dos benef?cios reprodutivos, tamb?m confere uma s?rie de vantagens no ?mbito alimentar ao casal reprodutor. Em nosso estudo, intera??es agressivas, incluindo persegui??es, arranh?es e mordidas, foram pouco freq?entes de modo intragrupo. As rela??es de domin?ncia, portanto, foram mais evidentes atrav?s de comportamentos de submiss?o. N?o constatamos diferen?as significativas entre os animais em rela??o ? taxa de ingest?o total. Todavia, a an?lise do perfil alimentar (propor??o de mat?ria animal e vegetal na dieta) revelou que dominantes asseguraram maior ingest?o de mat?ria animal, enquanto subordinados utilizaram frutos, exsudado e, eventualmente, exploraram itens que n?o eram comuns ? dieta. Sugerimos que atrav?s da hierarquia social, a f?mea reprodutora assegura acesso preferencial a recursos alimentares, sendo esta uma importante caracter?stica para suprir os custos envolvidos com a manuten??o da alta taxa reprodutiva verificada para a esp?cie. O macho reprodutor, apesar de tamb?m assegurar acesso a recursos, tem sua efici?ncia de forrageio reduzida devido ? participa??o na partilha de alimentos direcionada aos filhotes
Martins, Ism?nia Gurgel. "Padr?o de atividades do sag?i callithrix jacchus numa ?rea de caatinga". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2006. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17357.
Pełny tekst źródłaCallithrix jacchus, as the other species in the family Callitrichidae, lives in social groups. The groups cam be found in different habitats, whose distinct floristic physiognomies and communities are intrinsically related to their behavioral ecology and social relations. Our objective was to describe the social relations and feeding behavior of Callithrix jacchus in the Bioma Caatinga. We observed a group at the FLONA (National Forest IBAMA), in A?u-RN, in northeastern Brazil, compose of five adults (2 females and 3 males) at the beginning of the study. The birth of five animals was registered along the study. The following behavioral categories were registered along eleven months, once a week, through instantaneous focal animal sampling: social grooming, contact, proximity, foraging, feeding, locomotion and rest. Foraging presented the highest levels comparing to other activities, and was more frequent in the dry season. Social grooming was the second more frequent activity, with higher levels in the rainy season, and between the reproductive couple. We found similar results for proximity. The most explored feeding item was the gum, specially in the rainy season. The most explored species for exudates feeding were Cirus limon (lim?o) and Pitecolobiun foliolosum (jurema branca). The comparision of fruit and insect ingestion between the seasons showed higher percentage for both in the dry season. The general activity pattern was similar to what is registeded in groups the inhabit the Atlantic Forest. These results indicate the flexibility of the species which survives and reproduces in such physically and biologically different environments
Callithrix jacchus ? um primata da fam?lia Callitrichidae que vive em grupos sociais. Pode ser encontrado em v?rios tipos de habitat, cujas fisionomias e comunidades flor?sticas distintas est?o intrinsecamente relacionadas com a ecologia comportamental e rela??es sociais. Nosso objetivo foi descrever as rela??es sociais e h?bitos alimentares do sag?i Callithrix jacchus no Bioma Caatinga. Observamos um grupo de sag?i na Floresta Nacional de A?u-IBAMA/RN, composto no in?cio do estudo por cinco animais adultos, 2 f?meas e 3 machos. Foi registrado o nascimento de 5 filhotes ao longo do estudo. A t?cnica de amostragem foi o animal focal, ao longo de 11 meses, uma vez/semana, com registro das seguintes categorias comportamentais: cata??o social, contato, proximidade, forrageio, ingest?o, locomo??o e descanso. O forrageio foi a atividade mais realizada pelos animais, sendo significativamente mais freq?ente na seca. J? a cata??o social, foi significativamente mais elevada no per?odo chuvoso, e com os maiores ?ndices entre os reprodutores. Esse mesmo padr?o foi observado com rela??o a proximidade. O alimento mais ingerido pelo grupo foi o exsudado, sendo mais expressivo no per?odo chuvoso. A esp?cie vegetal mais procurada foi o lim?o Cirus limon e a jurema branca Pitecolobium foliolosum. Quando comparada a ingest?o de frutos e insetos ao longo das esta??es, foram observados n?veis mais elevados no per?odo seco. O padr?o de atividades do grupo foi de um modo geral, semelhante ao registrado em grupos estudados em ambiente de Mata Atl?ntica, o que indica a flexibilidade da esp?cie, que sobrevive e se reproduz em ambientes t?o diferentes f?sica e biologicamente
Santana, Kathiane dos Santos. "Efeitos da cafe?na sobre a mem?ria de saguis (Callithrix jacchus)". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17286.
Pełny tekst źródłaCaffeine is considered the most consumed psychostimulant in the world, presenting several central and peripheral effects. In the Central Nervous System the major effect occur by its antagonistic activity at the A1 and A2a subtypes of the adenosine receptors. These receptors are responsible for the slow-wave sleep induction, and their binding, caused by the consumption of foods and beverages that contain caffeine, cause behaviors like increase of alertness, mood and locomotion. The effects of caffeine on memory are still discussed because of the diversity of experimental protocols. Also, it does not have the same effects on all stages of the processing of memory - acquisition, consolidation and recall. Thus, using the marmoset (Callitrhix jacchus) as subject, we aim to evaluate the effects of caffeine on the memory of this primate through the conditioned place preference paradigm, where the animal selects a context by presence of food. This cognitive task consists of five phases. The first phase was two sessions of pre-exposure, in which they were evaluated for preference for any compartment of the apparatus. Then, we proceeded the training, conditioning the animals to the food-present context for 8 days. Then, there was administration of caffeine or placebo (10mg/kg) for 8 consecutive days, during the pre-sleep phase, where the 20 animals were distributed in two groups: placebo and repeated. The forth phase was one day of retraining, a re-exposure of the apparatus to the marmosets followed by the administration of caffeine (for the repeated group and a new group called abstinence) or placebo (for placebo and abstinence groups). Finally, was the test where we evaluated if the subjects learned where the food was present. Moreover, in this work we evaluate the existence of differences between females and males on the task, and the locomotor activity for the experimental groups. The results showed that in the pre-exposure phase the animals were habituated on the apparatus and did not present differences for any contexts. In training, they were able to learn the conditioning task, independent of gender. For the retraining, the two groups exhibited more interactions in rewarded context than that in non-rewarded context. Nevertheless, in the locomotor activity, the repeated group moved similarly in contact with the apparatus and outside of it. In the other hand, the animals of the placebo group moved more when in contact with the apparatus. In the test phase, the marmosets under influence of caffeine presented an increase in the locomotor activity when compared with the placebo group, corroborating works that show this increase in locomotion. In the learning evaluation, the continuous and abstinence groups had a bad performance in the task in relation to the placebo and acute groups. This suggests that the prolonged administration of caffeine disrupts the memories because it affected sleep, which is largely responsible offline processing of memories
A cafe?na ? considerada a droga psicoativa mais utilizada no mundo, apresentando diversos efeitos centrais e perif?ricos. No Sistema Nervoso Central, o principal efeito ocorre via bloqueio de receptores para adenosina A1 e A2a, que mediam a indu??o do sono de ondas lentas. O bloqueio destes receptores por alimentos ou bebidas que contenha cafe?na acarreta em comportamentos como aumento do estado de alerta, ?nimo e atividade locomotora. Na mem?ria, os efeitos da cafe?na s?o muito controversos, visto a diversidade de protocolos experimentais e o fato dela n?o ter o mesmo efeito para todas as fases do processamento da mem?ria aquisi??o, consolida??o e evoca??o. Assim, tendo como sujeito o sagui (Callitrhix jacchus), nosso objetivo foi avaliar os efeitos da cafe?na na mem?ria deste primata atrav?s do paradigma de prefer?ncia condicionada pelo lugar, onde o animal escolhe um contexto devido ? presen?a de comida. Avaliamos tamb?m a atividade locomotora. Para o experimento foram utilizados 20 animais (10 machos e 10 f?meas) com idade entre 3 e 9 anos, oriundos do N?cleo de Primatologia da UFRN (IBAMA, N?1/24/92/0039-0). O experimento contou com cinco fases: dois dias de pr?-exposi??o ao aparato. Treinos, onde os saguis foram condicionados a discriminar um contexto refor?ado (CR) de um n?o-refor?ado (CNR) durante 8 dias. Em seguida houve administra??o oral da cafe?na ou placebo, ambos a 10mg/kg, por oito dias consecutivos (? 1,5 horas antes do in?cio do sono), com distribui??o dos animais em grupos: placebo (recebendo a subst?ncia placebo) e repetido (ingerindo cafe?na). Ap?s isso, foi realizado o retreino ao aparato, seguido da administra??o do placebo (surgindo os grupos abstin?ncia e placebo) ou cafe?na aos novos grupos repetido e agudo. Por ?ltimo, o dia do teste, sem o refor?o, afim de avaliar o sujeito quanto ? aprendizagem ao CR. As sess?es no aparato duravam 8 min, e iniciavam ?s 6:15h para a pr?-exposi??o, treinos e teste. O retreino come?ou ?s 15:15h para que a consolida??o da tarefa fosse dependente de sono. Os dados comportamentais foram constitu?dos pelo tempo gasto (em %), frequ?ncia de contatos e lat?ncia (em segundos) para o primeiro contato no CR e CNR. Na locomo??o foram registrados a atividade geral e locomo??o em contato com o aparato e fora dele (em quadrantes). Adicionalmente avaliamos poss?veis diferen?as entre machos e f?meas na tarefa. Os resultados mostraram que na fase de pr?-exposi??o os animais se habituaram ao aparato e n?o apresentaram diferen?a a quaisquer contextos. Nos treinos eles foram capazes de aprenderem a tarefa de condicionamento, independente do sexo. Para o retreino, os 2 grupos exibiram maior intera??o no contexto refor?ado em rela??o ao n?o-refor?ado. Todavia, na atividade locomotora, animais do grupo repetido se locomoveram de forma semelhante tanto em contato com o aparato e fora dele, enquanto que animais do grupo placebo se locomoveram mais em contato com o aparato. Na fase de teste os saguis que ingeriram cafe?na apresentaram maior atividade locomotora em rela??o ao placebo, corroborando com trabalhos que demonstram aumento na locomo??o. Quanto ? aprendizagem, os grupos repetido e abstin?ncia tiveram pior desempenho desta tarefa espec?fica se comparado aos animais placebo e agudo. Isso sugere que a administra??o prolongada da cafe?na prejudicou a mem?ria por afetar o sono, que ?, em grande parte, respons?vel pelos processos consolidativos
Silva, Crhistiane Andressa da. "Saguis (Callithrix jacchus) sob ciclo claro-escuro de 21 h: um modelo de dessincroniza??o for?ada em primata diurno". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17224.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The circadian system consists of multiple oscillators organized hierarchically, with the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) as the master oscillator to mammalians. There are lots of evidences that each SCN cell is an oscillator and that entrainment depends upon coupling degree between them. Knowledge of the mechanism of coupling between the SCN cells is essential for understanding entrainment and expression of circadian rhythms, and thus promote the development of new treatments for circadian rhythmicity disorders, which may cause various diseases. Some authors suggest that the dissociation model of circadian rhythm activity of rats under T22, period near the limit of synchronization, is a good model to induce internal desynchronization, and in this way, enhance knowledge about the coupling mechanism. So, in order to evaluate the pattern of the motor activity circadian rhythm of marmosets, Callithrix jacchus, in light-dark cycles at the lower limit of entrainment, two experiments were conducted: 1) 6 adult females were submitted to the LD symmetric cycles T21, T22 and T21.5 for 60, 35 and 48 days, respectively; 2) 4 male and 4 female adults were subjected to T21 for 24 days followed by 18 days of LL, and then back to T21 for 24 days followed by 14 days of LL. Vocalizations of all animals and motor activity of each one of them were continuously recorded throughout the experiments, but the vocalizations were recorded only in Experiment 1. Under the Ts shorter than 24 h, two simultaneous circadian components appeared in motor activity, one with the same period of LD cycle, named light-entrained component, and the other in free-running, named non-light-entrained component. Both components were displayed for all the animals in T21, five animals (83.3%) in T21.5 and two animals (33.3%) in T22. For vocalizations both components were observed under the three Ts. Due to the different characteristics of these components we suggest that dissociation is result of partial synchronization to the LD cycle, wherein at least one group oscillator is synchronized to the LD by relative coordination and masking processes, while at least another group of oscillators is in free-running, but also under the influence of masking by the LD. As the T21 h was the only cycle able to promote the emergence of both circadian components in circadian rhythms of all Callithrix jacchus, this was then considered the lower entrainment limit of LD cycle promoter of dissociation in circadian rhythmicity of this species, and then suggested as a non-human primate model for forced desynchronization
O sistema circadiano ? formado por m?ltiplos osciladores organizados hierarquicamente, sendo o n?cleo supraquiasm?tico (NSQ) o oscilador principal nos mam?feros. H? v?rias evid?ncias de que cada c?lula do NSQ seja um oscilador e que a sincroniza??o resulte do grau de acoplamento entre elas. O conhecimento do mecanismo de acoplamento entre as c?lulas do NSQ ? essencial para se entender a sincroniza??o e a express?o dos ritmos circadianos e, dessa forma, propiciar o desenvolvimento de novos tratamentos para os dist?rbios da ritmicidade circadiana que podem gerar v?rias doen?as. V?rios autores sugerem o modelo de dissocia??o do ritmo circadiano da atividade motora de ratos sob T22, per?odo pr?ximo ao limite de sincroniza??o, como um bom modelo animal para promover dessincroniza??o interna, propiciando um maior conhecimento sobre o mecanismo de acoplamento. Ent?o, com o objetivo de avaliar o padr?o do ritmo circadiano de atividade motora de saguis, Callithrix jacchus, em ciclos claro-escuro no limite inferior de sincroniza??o, foram realizados dois experimentos: 1) 6 f?meas adultas foram submetidas aos ciclo CE sim?tricos T21, T21.5 e T22 durante 60, 35 e 48 dias, respectivamente; 2) 4 machos e 4 f?meas adultos foram submetidos a T21 por 24 dias, seguido de CC por 18 dias, depois voltaram ao T21 por mais 24 dias seguido de CC durante 14 dias. As vocaliza??es de todos os animais e a atividade motora de cada um foram registradas continuamente ao longo dos experimentos, sendo que as vocaliza??es foram registradas apenas no Experimento 1. Sob os Ts menores que 24 h foram observados dois componentes circadianos simult?neos na atividade motora, sendo um com o mesmo per?odo do ciclo CE, nomeado como componente sincronizado pela luz, e outro em livre-curso, nomeado como componente n?o sincronizado pela luz. Os dois componentes foram exibidos por todos os animais sob T21, cinco animais (83,3%) sob T21.5 e dois animais (33,3%) sob T22. Para as vocaliza??es foram observados os dois componentes sob os tr?s Ts. Devido ?s diferentes caracter?sticas desses componentes, sugerimos que a dissocia??o ? resultado de sincroniza??o parcial ao ciclo CE, onde pelo menos um grupo de osciladores est? sincronizado ao ciclo CE por processos de coordena??o relativa e mascaramento, enquanto pelo menos outro grupo de osciladores est? em livre-curso, mas tamb?m sob influ?ncia de mascaramento do CE. Como o T21 foi o ?nico a promover o surgimento dos dois componentes circadianos nos ritmos circadianos de todos Callithrix jacchus, este foi ent?o considerado o per?odo de ciclo CE promotor de dissocia??o na ritmicidade circadiana dessa esp?cie, sendo ent?o sugerido como modelo de dessincroniza??o for?ada em primatas n?o humanos diurnos
Castro, Dijenaide Chaves de. "Caracteriza??o comportamental end?crina das fases ontogen?ticas de sag?i comum (Callithrix jacchus)". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2011. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17222.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe use of animal models in biomedical research is ever increasing. Models that use primates might also have advantages in terms of low maintenance costs and availability of biological knowledge, thereby favoring their use in different experimental protocols. Many current stress studies use animal models at different developmental stages since biological response differs during ontogeny. The aims of this study were to perform a detailed characterization of the developmental stages of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), a very important animal model used in biomedical research. Ten subjects, 6 females and 4 males, were followed from birth to initial adult age (16 months). Behavioral and fecal collection for measurement of adrenal (cortisol) and sex (progesterone, estradiol and androgens) hormones took place twice a week during the first month of life and once a week for the remainder of the study. Behavior was observed for 30 minutes in the morning (0700-09:00h) and afternoon (12:00-14:00h). Behavioral profile showed changes during ontogeny, characterizing the 4 developmental stages and the respective phases proposed by Le?o et al (2009).. Differentiation of developmental stages was considered using the onset, end, change and stabilization of the behavioral profile parental care (weaning and carrying), ingestion (solid food), affiliation (social grooming) and autogrooming, agonism (scent marking and piloerection) and play behavior and endocrine profile. Infant weaning and carrying terminated within the infantile stage and the peak of solid food ingestion was recorded in the infantile III phase. Receiving grooming was recorded earlier than grooming performed by the infant and autogrooming. The first episode of scent marking was recorded in the 4th week and it was the least variable behavior, in terms of its onset, which, in almost all animals, was between the 5th and 7th week of life. Solitary play and play with the twin started around the 7th week and play with other members of the group started 8 weeks later. Sex hormone secretion started to differ from basal levels between the 21st and 23rd week of life, in males and females, suggesting that puberty occurs simultaneously in both sexes. Basal cortisol, even at an early age, was higher in females than in males. However, cortisol was not correlated with the juvenile stage, as expected, since this stage corresponds to the transition between infancy and adult age and most behaviors are intensified by this time. The behavioral and endocrine profile of subadult animals did not differ from that of the adults. These results provide more detailed parameters for the developmental process of C. jacchus and open new perspectives for the use of experimental approaches focused on the intermediate ontogenetic phases of this species
O uso de modelos animais em pesquisa biom?dica ? cada vez mais crescente e os modelos utilizando primatas devem apresentar vantagens em termos de custos de manuten??o e caracter?sticas relacionadas ao maior conhecimento da sua biologia para uso em diferentes protocolos experimentais. Diferentes modelos atuais de pesquisa em estresse utilizam animais em diferentes est?gios do desenvolvimento e in?meros estudos demonstram a diferen?a na resposta biol?gica diante de agentes estressores ao longo da ontog?nese. Com o objetivo de caracterizar de maneira mais detalhada as fases do desenvolvimento do sagui comum, Callithrix jacchus, importante modelo utilizado em pesquisa biom?dica, utilizou-se 10 animais, 6 f?meas e 4 machos, que foram acompanhados desde o nascimento at? o in?cio da idade adulta (16 meses). A coleta de dados comportamentais e de fezes para a mensura??o dos horm?nios esteroides de origem adrenal (cortisol) e gonadais (progesterona, estradiol e andr?genos) foram realizadas duas vezes por semana no primeiro m?s de vida dos filhotes e semanalmente no restante do estudo. As observa??es comportamentais tiveram dura??o de 30 minutos e foram realizadas nos turnos matutino (07:00-09:00h) e vespertino (12:00-14:00h).O perfil comportamental de C. jacchus apresentou modifica??es ao longo da ontog?nese caracterizando cada um dos 4 est?gios ontogen?ticos e suas respectivas fases propostas na classifica??o de Le?o (2009). A diferencia??o das etapas do desenvolvimento foi feita a partir do surgimento, t?rmino, varia??o e estabiliza??o no perfil comportamental - cuidado parental (amamenta??o, transporte) ingest?o de alimentos (alimenta??o s?lida), afilia??o (cata??o social recebida e feita e autocata??o) agonismo (marca??o de cheiro e piloere??o) e brincadeira - e no perfil end?crino. O comportamento de amamenta??o e transporte terminou na fase infantil II e a ingest?o alimentar apresentou seu pico na fase infantil III. A cata??o social recebida antecedeu a cata??o feita e a autocata??o, e o comportamento de marca??o de cheiro foi o que apresentou menor variabilidade em rela??o ao seu in?cio, que se concentrou, em quase todos os animais, entre a 5? e 7? semanas de vida. A brincadeira solit?ria e com o g?meo principiaram ao redor da 7? semana e a brincadeira com outros membros do grupo se iniciou 8 semanas depois. A secre??o dos horm?nios sexuais passou a se diferenciar dos valores basais entre a 21? e 23? semanas em machos e f?meas, sugerindo que a puberdade acontece simultaneamente para os dois sexos. O cortisol basal de f?meas mesmo em idade imatura foi mais elevado do que nos machos. Contudo, as varia??es do cortisol n?o se correlacionaram com o est?gio juvenil como esperado uma vez que esse est?gio corresponde ? transi??o entre a idade infantil e a idade adulta, e que se expressou com a intensifica??o da maioria dos comportamentos. Os padr?es comportamentais e end?crinos dos adultos n?o diferiram entre as idades subadulta e adulta. Estes resultados disponibilizam par?metros de desenvolvimento mais detalhados para C. jacchus e abrem perspectivas para a utiliza??o de abordagens experimentais focadas em determinadas etapas da ontog?nese dessa esp?cie
Silva, Crhistiane Andressa da. "Efeitos de vocaliza??es de co-espec?ficos e do escuro sobre o ritmo circadiano da atividade motora em sag?is (Callithrix jacchus)". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2007. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17254.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The principal zeitgeber for most of species is the light-dark photocycle (LD), though other environment factors as food availability, temperature and social cues may act. Daily adjustment of the circadian pacemaker may result from integration of environmental photic and non-photic cues with homeostatic cues. Characterization of non-photic effects on circadian timing system in diurnal mammals is scarce in relation to nocturnal, especially for ecologically significant cues. Thus, we analyzed the effect of conspecific vocalizations and darkness on circadian activity rhythm (CAR) in the diurnal primate Callithirx jacchus. With this objective 7 male adults were isolated in a room with controlled illumination, temperature (26,8 ? 0,2?C) and humidity (81,6 ? 3,6%), and partial acoustic isolation. Initially they were under LD 12:12 (~300:2 lux), and subsequently under constant illumination (~2 lux). Two pulses of conspecific vocalizations were applied in total darkness, separated by 22 days, at 7:30 h (external time) during 1 h. They induced phase delays at circadian times (CTs) 1 and 10 and predominantly phase advances at CTs 9 and 15. After that, two dark pulses were applied, separated by 14 days, during 1 h at 7:30 h (external time). These pulses induced phase delays at CTs 2, 3 and 18, predominantly phase advances at CTs 8, 10 and 19, and no change at CT 14. However, marmosets CAR showed oscillations in endogenous period and active phase duration influenced by vocalizations from animals outside the experimental room, which interfered on the phase responses to pulses. Furthermore, social masking and relative coordination with colony were observed. Therefore, phase responses obtained in this work cannot be attributed only to pulses. Afterwards, pulses of conspecific vocalizations were applied in total darkness at 19:00 h (external time), during 1 h for 5 consecutive days, and after 21 days, for 30 consecutive days, on attempt to synchronize the CAR. No animal was synchronized by these daily pulses, although oscillations in endogenous period were observed for all. This result may be due to habituation. Other possibility is the absence of social significance of the vocalizations for the animals due to random reproduction, since each vocalization has a function that could be lost by a mixture of sounds. In conclusion, conspecific vocalizations induce social masking and relative coordination in marmosets CAR, acting as weak zeitgeber
O principal zeitgeber para a maioria das esp?cies ? o ciclo claro-escuro (CE), por?m outros fatores ambientais como disponibilidade de alimento, temperatura e pistas sociais podem atuar. O ajuste di?rio do marcapasso circadiano deve resultar da integra??o de pistas ambientais, f?ticas e n?o-f?ticas, com pistas homeost?ticas. Como a caracteriza??o do efeito de est?mulos n?o-f?ticos sobre o sistema de temporiza??o circadiano em mam?feros diurnos ? escassa em rela??o aos noturnos, principalmente em rela??o a pistas com significado ecol?gico, analisamos o efeito de vocaliza??es de co-espec?ficos e do escuro sobre o ritmo circadiano de atividade motora (RCA) do primata diurno Callithrix jacchus. Com esse objetivo, foram isolados 7 machos adultos em uma sala com ilumina??o, temperatura (26,8 ? 0,2?C) e umidade (81,6 ? 3,6%) controladas e isolamento ac?stico parcial. Inicialmente os animais ficaram sob CE 12:12 (~300:2 lux) e posteriormente sob claro constante (~2 lux). Foram aplicados dois pulsos de vocaliza??es de co-espec?ficos em escuro total, com um intervalo de 22 dias, ?s 7:30 h (hor?rio local) durante 1 h. Esses pulsos desencadearam atrasos de fase nas horas circadianas (HCs) 1 e 10 e predominantemente avan?os de fase nas HCs 9 e 15. Depois foram aplicados dois pulsos de escuro, com um intervalo de 14 dias, ?s 7:30 h (hor?rio local) durante 1 h. Esses pulsos desencadearam atrasos de fase nas HCs 2, 3 e 18, predominantemente avan?os de fase nas HCs 8, 10 e 19, e nenhuma resposta na HC 14. Contudo, o RCA dos sag?is apresentou modula??es no per?odo end?geno e na dura??o da fase ativa por influ?ncia de vocaliza??es emitidas pelos animais de fora da sala, que interferiram nas respostas aos pulsos. Inclusive, foram observados mascaramento social positivo e coordena??o relativa com a col?nia. Portanto, as respostas de fase obtidas nesse trabalho n?o podem ser atribu?das apenas aos pulsos. Posteriormente foram aplicados pulsos de vocaliza??es de co-espec?ficos em escuro total ?s 19 h (hor?rio local), durante 1 h por 5 dias consecutivos, e ap?s 21 dias, por 30 dias consecutivos, para sincronizar o RCA. Nenhum animal sincronizou o RCA aos pulsos di?rios, embora tenham ocorrido modula??es no per?odo end?geno de todos. Esse resultado pode ter sido decorrente de habitua??o ao est?mulo. Outra possibilidade ? a falta de significado social para os animais devido ? reprodu??o aleat?ria das vocaliza??es, visto que cada vocaliza??o tem uma fun??o que pode ter sido perdida com a mistura dos sons. Concluindo, vocaliza??es de co-espec?ficos induzem mascaramento social e coordena??o relativa no RCA de sag?is, atuando como zeitgebers fracos
Young, Fiona Margaret. "Luteal regression in the marmoset monkey". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23277.
Pełny tekst źródłaJobim, Camila Mendonça Netto. "Efeito do enriquecimento ambiental no comportamento e no cortisol fecal de Callithrix penicillata (É. Geoffroy, 1812) de cativeiro". Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2011. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/2083.
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Pela proximidade filogenética com os seres humanos os primatas não humanos são utilizados freqüentemente em estudos comparativos sobre o comportamento e como modelos experimentais na pesquisa biomédica. Contudo, o uso destes primatas implica numa série de questões éticas, incluindo as condições de seu cativeiro e os potenciais fatores da experimentação que podem acarretar dor, injúrias e estresse, interferindo diretamente no bem-estar do animal. O presente trabalho buscou avaliar as respostas comportamentais e endócrinas de sagüis-de-tufos-pretos (Callithrix penicillata) cativos, machos e fêmeas, frente à técnica de enriquecimento ambiental do tipo alimentar (tubo) e isolamento visual (barreira). As observações foram realizadas em uma amostra de seis fêmeas e seis machos adultos de C. penicillata mantidos no Centro de Biologia da Reprodução da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil. As observações comportamentais foram realizadas antes, durante e depois da aplicação da técnica de enriquecimento, no período da manhã, iniciando entre 10 e 11 horas. A avaliação endócrina foi realizada através da mensuração dos níveis de cortisol presente nas amostras fecais dos animais. Tais análises foram realizadas no Laboratório de Dosagens Hormonais da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Para o enriquecimento alimentar foram encontradas alterações significativas que indicam que este foi eficaz reduzindo comportamentos de alimentação durante a exposição ao enriquecimento e reduzindo a agitação. Para este tipo de enriquecimento os machos se mostraram comportamentalmente mais reativos que as fêmeas e não houve diferença significativa para os níveis de cortisol. Com a utilização do enriquecimento social, foi verificado o conflito gerado com a proximidade entre indivíduos do mesmo sexo, sendo a fase com a barreira a que menos apresentou comportamentos indicativos de estresse, e as fêmeas apresentaram os menores valores para o cortisol. No confronto dos dados de machos e fêmeas, estas se mostraram mais reativas à presença de outras fêmeas, possivelmente pelo fato que sua estratégia reprodutiva ser reflexo do status social. Para os machos o isolamento foi um fator de estresse, uma vez que tiveram maior concentração de cortisol.
Non-human primates are often used in behavioral studies and in biomedical research as a model mainly because their phylogenic proximity to human beings. However, the use of non-human primates in researches implies in many ethical issues, including the captivity conditions and the potential aspects of the procedures that may cause pain, injuries and stress which can interfere with their welfare. The present research intended to analyze the behavioral and endocrine responses of six males and six females of captive black-tuffed marmosets (Callithrix penicillata) to a feeding (tube) and a visual isolation (barrier) environmental enrichment techniques. The animals belong to the colony maintained by Centro de Biologia da Reprodução of Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais state, in Brazil. The behavior and hormonal data were collected before, during and after the exposure to environmental enrichment. The hormonal analysis of fecal cortisol was performed in the Laboratorio de Dosagens Hormonais of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. During the exposure to the feeding enrichment technique – FASE II, it was observed a decrease in movement and in ingestion of the regular diet by the animals. Besides, in this experiment, the male marmosets were more reactive than the females and no significant differences on cortisol levels were detected. Using the social enrichment (a visual barrier between the cages), it was verified the existence of conflicts between close same-sex animals, which decreased cortisol when the barrier was used. In this case, the marmoset females were more reactive to the enrichment probably because they compete to reproductive as a consequence of social dominance. For males the isolation seems to be a stressful situation since they increase cortisol on this situation.
Zöller, Martina. "Pathogenetische Untersuchungen zum Wasting-Marmoset-Syndrom bei Weissbüschelaffen (Callithrix jacchus)". Giessen DVG-Service, 2005. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=978259653.
Pełny tekst źródłaDias, R. "Functional organisation of the prefrontal cortex of the common marmoset". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.598525.
Pełny tekst źródłaDalrymple, Annette. "Prolactin receptor expression and signalling in the marmoset monkey uterus". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23319.
Pełny tekst źródłaZaluar, Marina Trancoso. "Comportamento e utilização do habitat em grupos de Callithrix sp. (Primates, Callithrichidae) no Instituto de Pesquisas do Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7053.
Pełny tekst źródłaAs populações introduzidas de saguis preocupam biólogos e conservacionistas, por causa do seu potencial de ocupação de hábitat, hibridação com congêneres nativos, predação de representantes da fauna local, transmissão de doenças e competição com outras espécies. É necessário entendermos o que favorece essa flexibilidade na utilização do suporte e no padrão comportamental que possibilita que os saguis sobrevivam em ambientes florestais tão diversos e até mesmo em regiões muito alteradas e antropizadas, como as grandes metrópoles. Foram acompanhados indivíduos de Callithrix sp. no arboreto do JBRJ. O trabalho de campo foi feito entre agosto de 2012 e agosto de 2013 e acumulou 205 horas de observações e 400 horas de esforço amostral. O método de amostragem utilizado foi o Animal Focal, no qual apenas um indivíduo do grupo foi analisado por sessão amostral, de 3 minutos com 7 minutos de intervalo. A cada dez minutos, em uma nova sessão amostral, o foco era mudado para outro indivíduo do grupo. Adultos, subadultos e jovens foram observados. Os indivíduos de Callithrix sp. no JBRJ utilizam de forma diferenciada as categorias de utilização de habitat, com maior frequência a estratificação vertical inferior (entre 0 e 4,9m), suportes de diâmetro fino (até aproximadamente 14 cm de diâmetro), superfície média e inclinação horizontal (0 a 30), corroborando a outros estudos realizados que também verificaram estes padrões. Houve diferenças comportamentais dos indivíduos de Callithrix sp. no JBRJ entre as classes de machos e fêmeas adultos, subadultos e jovens. Os indivíduos machos realizaram com maior frequência todos os comportamentos. Resultados que contribuem para o conhecimento aprofundado sobre o comportamento desses primatas, no qual até então não tinham sido feitas comparações diretas entre as classes consideradas. Principalmente o resultado encontrado de que os machos são mais ativos que as demais classes, o que não é mencionado na literatura até o presente e favorece para compreendermos mais sobre essas espécies
Introduced populations of marmosets concern biologists and conservationists because of its potential occupancy of habitat, hybridization with native congeners, predation on representatives of the local fauna, disease transmission and competition with other species. It is necessary to understand which favors this flexible use of habitat and behavioral pattern which enables marmosets to survive in such diverse forest environments and even much altered and disturbed areas, such as large cities. Individuals of Callithrix sp.were followed at the Arboretum JBRJ. The fieldwork was done between August 2012 and August 2013 and accumulated a total of 205 hours of observations and 400 hours of sampling effort. The sampling method used was the " Focal Animal ", in which only one individual in the group was analyzed at a three minutes sampling session with 7 minutes apart. Every ten minutes, in a new sampling session, the animal focus was shifted to another individual in the group. Adults, sub-adults and young were observed. Individuals of Callithrix sp. in JBRJ use the categories of habitat differently, most often the lower vertical stratification (between 0 and 4.9 m), thinner supports (to about 14 cm diameter), with an average surface and a horizontal tilt (0 to 30 ), corroborating other studies that also found these patterns. There were also behavioral differences of individuals of Callithrix sp. in JBRJ between classes of male and female adults, sub-adults and youth. Male individuals used more frequently all behaviors. Results that contribute to the knowledge about the behavior of these primates, which had not been direct comparisons made between the classes considered. Mainly the result found that males are more active than the other classes, which is not mentioned in the literature to date and helps to understand more about these species.
Bogner, Katja. "Untersuchungen zur Lokalisation und Funktion von ZP-Proteinen im Marmoset-Modell". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=976072076.
Pełny tekst źródłaCooke, Brian Roger. "The marmoset as a potential surrogate for human in drug development". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521715.
Pełny tekst źródłaSeehase, Sophie [Verfasser]. "Marmoset monkeys as a preclinical model in respiratory research / Sophie Seehase". Hannover : Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1030452954/34.
Pełny tekst źródłaDavy, C. W. "Studies on some enzymes of diagnostic interest in the marmoset liver". Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382216.
Pełny tekst źródłaBarbier-Kuyas, Aysegül. "The lung of the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus): ultrastructure and morphometric data /". [S.l : s.n.], 1994. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
Pełny tekst źródłaWinkelmann, Julia Marie [Verfasser]. "Nierenveränderungen bei Weißbüschelaffen (Callithrix jacchus) mit Wasting Marmoset Syndrom / Julia Marie Winkelmann". Hannover : Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2010. http://d-nb.info/100966011X/34.
Pełny tekst źródłaJones, Belinda Sumner. "Vocal behaviour of the common marmoset : structure and function of selected calls". Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297086.
Pełny tekst źródłaRonacher, Katharina. "Internalisation of the type II gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor of marmoset monkey". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8599.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe mammalian type II GnRH receptor has a C-terminal tail unlike the mammalian type I GnRH receptor, which uniquely lacks the cytoptasmic C- terminal domain. lnternalisation of a mammalian type ll GnRH receptor has never been investigated, therefore this thesis studies the internalisation pathway of the type ll GnRH receptor. As the C-terminal tail mediates rapid internalisation of many G protein-coupled receptors this research investigates the functional role of the C-terminal tail and intracellular loop in receptor internalisation. The internalisation pathway of the type ll GnRH receptor in COS-1 cells was investigated by co expressing dominant negative mutants and wild- type constructs of G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs), dynamin-1 and β-arrestin 1 and 2 with the type II GnRH receptor. The results show that internatisation of the receptor requires GRK 2 and dynamin but does not require β-arrestin 1 and 2. Furthermore, inhibitors to both the caveolae pathway as well as the clathrin coated vesicle endocytosis abolished receptor internalisation indicating that both structures are involved in internalisation of the receptor. Even though in COS-1 cells the type ll GnRH receptor internatises in a β-arrestin independent manner, internalisation of this receptor can be enhanced by over-expression of wild type β-arrestin. This indicates that the type ll GnRH receptor is able to utilise a β-arrestin mediated internaltsation pathway if high levels of β-arrestin are present in the cell. The mammalian type ll GnRH receptor internalises with enhanced rate and extent compared to the tail-less human type I GHRH receptor. The role of the C-terminal tail of the type ll GnRH receptor in internalisation was investigated by measuring internalisation of C-terminally truncated mutants. It was found that the region between Gly 343 and Ser 335 within the C-terminal domain is important for receptor internalisation. Substitution of putative phosphorylation sites within this region revealed that Ser 338 and Ser 339 are critical for rapid receptor internalisation. Furthermore a serine residue in intracellular loop three (Ser 251) was shown to play a role in signalling as well as in internalisation. Since dominant negative GRK 2 could not inhibit internalisation of a mutant lacking all three serine residues, but could reduce internalisation of the wild-type receptor, we suggest that Ser 251, 338 and 339 are target of phosphorylation by GRK. However these phosphorylation sites as well as the C-terminal tail are not necessary for β-arrestin dependent internalisation. Taken together this thesis elucidates the internalisation pathway of a mammalian type lI GnRH receptor and identified residues within the C-terminal tail and intracellular loop three that are critical for rapid internalisation.
Solomon, Selina Sharmalar. "Population signals in the middle temporal (MT) area of marmoset visual cortex". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12685.
Pełny tekst źródłaGameau, Louise J. "The effect of cytokines on chorionic gonadotrophin expression in the marmoset monkey embryo /". Title page, contents and summary only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phg192.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaJackson, Stacey Anne Winifred. "Modelling the neuropsychopharmacology of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/288835.
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