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1
Young, Fiona Margaret. "Luteal regression in the marmoset monkey". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23277.
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Ovaries were studied on luteal days 10, 18 and 22 (corresponding to the mid luteal phase, functional luteal regression and structural luteal regression respectively), and also 12 and 24 hours after administration of either PGF2a or GnRH antagonist. Decreased progesterone concentrations indicative of functional luteal regression were apparent 12 hours later. Analysis of haematoxylin and eosin stained sections of corpora lutea indicated that the administration of PGF2a or GnRH antagonist resulted in apoptosis, and also in the formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles in steroidogenic cells. Apoptosis in corpora lutea was further investigated by 3' end labelling DNA extracted from corpora lutea, and by in situ 3' end labelling of sections of ovarian tissue. Apoptosis was found to occur after induced luteolysis and in naturally regressing corpora lutea but only after progesterone had decreased to follicular phase values. Therefore the decline in progesterone characteristic of functional luteal regression was not caused by the apoptotic cell death of steroidogenic cells. However, apoptosis played a role in structural luteal regression. Ubiquitin is expressed only by live cells undergoing a process of non-apoptotic cell death. Ubiquitin expression was only found in PGF2a, but not in GnRH antagonist treated luteal tissue, suggesting three possible explanations: that the cells in GnRH antagonist treated animals were dead prior to the collection point of 12 hours, or that the cells were not in a cell death pathway, or that cell death was occurring via different mechanisms in PGF2a and GnRH antagonist treated animals. The importance of the vasculature in luteal regression was investigated by labelling endothelial cells with an antibody against von Willebrand Factor VIII Antigen. Endothelial cell numbers remained constant after administration of luteolytic agents, indicating that induced luteal regression was not effected by vascular changes. Similarly, the vascualture did not change during functional regression in untreated animals. Vascular remodelling, however, occurred during structural luteal regression, when the vasculature changed from an extensive network of small capillaries to a system comprised of a lower number of larger blood vessels.
2
Kühnel, Friederike. "Erhebung von Blutrichtwerten und deren Beeinflussung durch Haltung und Fütterung beim Weißbüschelaffen (Callithrix jacchus)". Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-129437.
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Weißbüschelaffen (WBA) sind wissenschaftlich häufig genutzte Modelltiere für diverse Humanerkrankungen. Zur Gesunderhaltung dieser Primaten sind grundlegende diagnostische Blutparameter unverzichtbar. Bisher erhobene Daten zeichneten sich jedoch durch große Divergenz aus. Ob Veränderungen in Haltungsbedingungen einen Einfluss auf diese Blutparameter nehmen, ist bis heute unklar. Somit war ein Ziel dieser Arbeit die Erhebung aktueller hämatologischer und klinisch-chemischer Blutparameter von WBA. Zudem wurde der Einfluss der routinemäßigen Umsetzung in eine neue Behausung auf die erhobenen Parameter sowie den Kortisolspiegel im Kot untersucht. Des Weiteren leiden WBA in menschlicher Obhut rezidivierend an gastrointestinalen Erkrankungen, die mittels klinischer Standardparameter allein nicht diagnostizierbar sind. Dabei spielt vor allem die Sensitivität gegenüber Futtermittelinhaltsstoffen (z. B. Gluten) eine Rolle, welche ursächlich im Zusammenhang mit dem Wasting Marmoset Syndrome (WMS) diskutiert wird. Im zweiten Teil der vorliegenden Arbeit sollten deshalb die gastrointestinalen Erkrankungen von in menschlicher Obhut lebenden WBA ätiologisch beleuchtet werden, vor allem hinsichtlich einer möglichen Sensitivität gegenüber Gluten. Im ersten Teil dieser Studie wurden von 54 WBA hämatologische und klinischchemische Richtwerte erhoben. Die ermittelten hämatologischen Blutrichtwerte ähneln denen aus den achtziger Jahren, die Daten der klinischen Chemie nur bedingt: Die Richtwertbereiche von Laktatdehydrogenase, Alaninaminotransferase, Lipase sowie Alkalische Phosphatase und Gesamtbilirubin weichen von den ehemals erhobenen Daten ab. Zudem wurden in der vorliegenden Arbeit geschlechtsabhängige Unterschiede ermittelt: Weibliche Tiere wiesen signifikant höheres mittleres Erythrozytenvolumen und mittleren Hämoglobingehalt des Einzelerythrozyten auf als männliche Tiere, wohingegen bei diesen ein signifikant höheres Gesamt- und Low density lipoprotein- Cholesterol im Vergleich zu weiblichen Affen messbar war. Des Weiteren wurden 16 Tiere über einen vierwöchigen Zeitraum in eine neue Umgebung verbracht, bevor sie in ihre Heimatbehausung zurückkehrten. Durch diese Umsetzung war bei den untersuchten Tieren die Leuko- und Lymphozytenzahl auch vier Wochen nach der Umsetzung erniedrigt. Zeitgleich lag ein erhöhter Kortisolspiegel vor, der im Kot bestimmt wurde. Im zweiten Teil der Studie wurden anhand humandiagnostischer Standards IgAAntikörper (AK) gegen Gliadin (AGA), Gewebstransglutaminase (tTG), deamidiertes Gliadin (ADGA) sowie Glykoprotein 2 (AGP2A) im Plasma von 24 WBA mittels eines ELISAs während glutenhaltiger (Diät 1) und glutenfreier Ernährung (Diät 2) bestimmt. Dabei wurden die klinische Symptomatik von WMS und das Körpergewicht der Tiere ebenfalls untersucht. Zudem erfolgte die Analyse von Kotproben antikörperpositiver Tiere hinsichtlich Qualität und Trockenmassegehalt während Diät 2 und einer darauf folgenden glutenhaltigen Provokationsdiät. Die serologische Diagnostik ergab einen signifikanten Rückgang von AGA, AK gegen tTG und AGP2A während Diät 2 bei Tieren, die nach Diät 1 erhöhte Werte aufwiesen. Diät 2 führte zu einem Rückgang der klinischen Symptome und einer signifikanten Gewichtszunahme bei antikörperpositiven WBA. Die glutenhaltige Provokationsdiät ergab eine verminderte Kotqualität mit einem niedrigeren Trockenmassegehalt. Es wurden im Rahmen dieser Arbeit aktuelle, hämatologische und klinisch-chemische Blutrichtwerte des WBA erhoben. Der durch Umsetzung in eine neue Behausung bedingte Stress ist bei WBA bis vier Wochen lang nachweisbar. Es ist sinnvoll, dies in der zeitlichen Planung wissenschaftlicher Studien zu berücksichtigen, um das Wohlbefinden der Tiere vor Versuchsbeginn sicherzustellen und den Einfluss von Stress auf experimentelle Ergebnisse zu minimieren. Der Nachweis grundlegender, an der Pathogenese der Zöliakie beteiligter Antikörper, in Kombination mit den klinischen Symptomen, deutet auf Glutensensitivität mit ätiologischer Beteiligung an WMS bei WBA hin. Die glutenfreie Ernährung von WBA in menschlicher Obhut ist daher sinnvoll und empfehlenswertCommon marmosets are often used as animal models for human diseases. For their health maintenance, diagnostic blood values are absolutely essential. Previously obtained reference values are characterized by great value-specific differences. Moreover, the influence of routine measures on these blood parameters, e. g. changes in housing conditions, has not been examined yet. Therefore, the first aim of the present study was to update haematological and clinical chemical blood parameters of common marmosets. Further, the influence of stress, caused by relocation to a new housing, on these parameters and the cortisol level in feces was examined. In addition to that, common marmosets under human management are often affected by gastrointestinal diseases, which are difficult to diagnose with basic standard blood values. In this context, sensitivity to nutritional elements, e. g. gluten, plays an important role and is discussed as a potential cause of wasting marmoset syndrome (WMS). In the second part of this study, the recurrent gastrointestinal diseases of common marmosets under human management were aetiologically investigated, with special regard to possible gluten sensitivity. In the first part of this study, blood samples were obtained from 54 female and male common marmosets to evaluate standard values of haematology and clinical chemistry. The determined haematological parameters are similar to the already obtained data, the clinical chemistry values differ somewhat: The enzyme activities of lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase and lipase in addition to the ranges of alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin diverge from the data ascertained in this study. Moreover, female animals presented significantly higher mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin than males, whereas male common marmosets showed significantly higher total- and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, compared to females. Further, 16 animals were relocated to a new environment for a time period of four weeks, before they returned to their home cages. The change of housing caused a decreased leuko- and lymphocyte count in all examined animals that was still measurable four weeks after the relocation. At the same time, an increased fecal cortisol level was determined. The aim of the second study was to investigate the modification of plasma antibodies to gliadin (AGA), tissue transglutaminase (tTG), deamidated gliadin (ADGA) and glycoprotein 2 (AGP2A) during two successive diets in 24 animals: A gluten-containing diet (diet 1) and a gluten-free diet (diet 2). Further, clinical symptoms of WMS and the animals’ body weight were also examined. An analysis of the feces of antibody-positive animals regarding changes in quality and dry matter content was carried out with samples collected during diet 2 and a successive gluten challenge diet of two months duration. The serological diagnostics resulted in a significant decline of AGA, antibodies to tTG and AGP2A during diet 2 in animals that had shown increased antibody concentrations during diet 1. Diet 2 also caused an amelioration of clinical symptoms and an increased body weight in antibody-positive animals. The gluten challenge resulted in a decreased feces quality and a lower fecal dry matter, compared to fecal samples of diet 2. In the context of this dissertation, parameters of haematology and clinical chemistry of the common marmoset were updated. Stress caused by relocation to a new housing was still measurable for a period of four weeks. It is therefore essential to consider this time span in the design of scientific studies to secure animal welfare prior to the study and to reduce the influence of stress on experimental results. In combination with the clinical symptoms, the detection of antibodies that are part of the pathogenesis of coeliac disease in humans strongly suggests gluten sensitivity with an aetiological connection to WMS in common marmosets. Therefore, gluten-free nutrition of common marmosets under human management is highly recommendable
3
Wagner, Wencke M. "Diagnostic imaging of the normal common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06282005-111803/.
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Zöller, Martina. "Pathogenetische Untersuchungen zum Wasting-Marmoset-Syndrom bei Weissbüschelaffen (Callithrix jacchus)". Giessen DVG-Service, 2005. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=978259653.
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Dias, R. "Functional organisation of the prefrontal cortex of the common marmoset". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.598525.
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In the past, two main theories of prefrontal function in animals have been proposed. The first implicates the prefrontal cortex in working memory, the second in the inhibitory control of behaviour. However, to date the organisation of the prefrontal cortex in the control of these functions is largely unknown. To address the issue of functional organisation within the prefrontal cortex of the marmoset, this thesis focused on the inhibitory control of behaviour. The initial study demonstrated that attentional set-shifting and visual discrimination reversal learning are sensitive to global prefrontal damage in the marmoset in a qualitatively similar manner to that observed previously in man and Old World monkeys respectively. The deficit was interpreted to be one of inhibitory control but, given the cognitive processing demands of these two tasks are different from one another, it is highly probable that the type of inhibitory control required is also different. Subsequently, the effects of discrete lesions specific to either the lateral or orbital regions of the prefrontal cortex on performance of attentional set-shifting and discrimination reversal learning were examined. Whereas the lateral, but not the orbital, prefrontal cortex was the critical locus in shifting an attentional set between perceptual dimensions; in contrast, the orbital, but not the lateral, prefrontal cortex was the critical locus in reversing a stimulus-reward association within a particular perceptual dimension. Both deficits were interpreted as constituting disinhibition or loss of inhibitory control, but a different levels. The inhibitory control required in attentional set-shifting appears to be at the level of attentional selection whereas the inhibitory control required in reversal learning is likely to be at the level of stimulus-reward associations or 'affective' processing.
6
Dalrymple, Annette. "Prolactin receptor expression and signalling in the marmoset monkey uterus". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23319.
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Immunohistochemical studies localised PRL expression to the stromal compartment of the marmoset endometrium. Expression was minimal during the proliferative phase and was up-regulated during the mid-late secretory phase of the ovulatory cycle. Similarly to PRL, PRL-R expression was minimal during the proliferative phase and was dramatically up-regulated during the mid-late secretory phase. However, expression of the PRL-r was localised to the glandular epithelium of the endometrium. The temporal pattern of PRL-R gene expression in the marmoset uterus across the ovulatory cycle was further confirmed by ribonuclease protection assay. The role of Jak2, Stat1 and Stat5 in the intracellular signalling pathway of PRL were also assessed in the mid-late secretory phase. Jak2/Stat1/Stat5 proteins were co-localised with the PRL-R to the glandular epithelial compartment. Moreover within the marmoset uterus, Jak2, Stat1 and Stat5 were temporarily phosphorylated in response to PRL. The pattern of expression of the IRF-1 gene, a PRL target gene, and the effect of PRL on transcription of IRF-1 were also investigated. IRF-1 expression in the marmoset uterus was encoded by a protein of 48 kDa and was localised to the glandular epithelial compartment, as was observed for the PRL-R and Jak2/Stat1/Stat5 proteins. Incubation of mid-late secretory uterine tissue with PRL for 3 hours resulted in 2.4 ± 0.5 (P<0.05) fold induction of IRF-1 gene expression. These studies confirm (a) high sequence and functional similarity between the marmoset and human PRL-R and (b) the expression of both PRL and its receptor in the uterus of the marmoset monkey. Expression of both genes is up-regulated during the mid-late secretory phase of the ovulatory cycle. PRL function in the marmoset uterus is linked to the Jak/Stat signalling pathway leading to the regulation of expression of PRL-responsive genes such as IRF-1. The site of expression of PRL, PRL-R and IRF-1 in the marmoset uterus suggest that PRL may influence glandular epithelial function and direct gene transcription in these cells in a paracrine fashion. In conclusion, the data strongly suggest that the marmoset monkey may provide a useful tool to investigate the role of PRL in human reproduction.
7
Bogner, Katja. "Untersuchungen zur Lokalisation und Funktion von ZP-Proteinen im Marmoset-Modell". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=976072076.
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Cooke, Brian Roger. "The marmoset as a potential surrogate for human in drug development". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521715.
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Seehase, Sophie [Verfasser]. "Marmoset monkeys as a preclinical model in respiratory research / Sophie Seehase". Hannover : Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1030452954/34.
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Davy, C. W. "Studies on some enzymes of diagnostic interest in the marmoset liver". Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382216.
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Barbier-Kuyas, Aysegül. "The lung of the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus): ultrastructure and morphometric data /". [S.l : s.n.], 1994. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Ashworth, Jonathan F. "Immunohistochemical study of marmoset periodontal ligament microvasculature : a confocal laser scanning microscopic study". Title page, contents and summary only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09DM/09dma831.pdf.
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Winkelmann, Julia Marie [Verfasser]. "Nierenveränderungen bei Weißbüschelaffen (Callithrix jacchus) mit Wasting Marmoset Syndrom / Julia Marie Winkelmann". Hannover : Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2010. http://d-nb.info/100966011X/34.
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Jones, Belinda Sumner. "Vocal behaviour of the common marmoset : structure and function of selected calls". Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297086.
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The vocal behaviour of the captive common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus jacchus, was investigated with particular reference to three call types; phee, twitter and trill calls. The aim of the study was to determine the functional significance of these vocalizations by relating the behavioural and social contexts of calling to the detailed acoustic structure of each call type. The study first examined the effects of housing environment and social status within family groups on vocal and related behaviours. Each call type was found to be given in distinctly different circumstances and at differing rates according to the status of the vocalizer and the social and physical environment in which the call was given. The role of vocal communication in the establishment and maintenance of male-female pairs was also examined. Newly formed pairs were monitored for the initiation of vocal contact and subsequent call exchange. Changes in levels of interaction were most evident in measures of vocal behaviour. Partners in both new and established pairs appeared to exchange trill calls when in close proximity and exchange phee calls when separated. Finally, the study examined vocalizations for individual, gender and contextual differences in acoustic structure. Quantitative analysis revealed individual differences in phee, twitter and trill call structure indicating that these calls carry information on the identity of the vocalizer. Phee and trill calls also showed considerable intra-individual variation under changing social conditions, suggesting that these vocalizations may also convey information on the caller's internal state. In addition, differential responses to playbacks of twitter calls demonstrated the recognition of structural differences present in this call type. These results indicate that the functions of vocal signals in the common marmoset are complex and confirm that vocal communication plays an important role in influencing social interactioris in this species.
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Ronacher, Katharina. "Internalisation of the type II gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor of marmoset monkey". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8599.
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Bibliography: leaves 102-124.The mammalian type II GnRH receptor has a C-terminal tail unlike the mammalian type I GnRH receptor, which uniquely lacks the cytoptasmic C- terminal domain. lnternalisation of a mammalian type ll GnRH receptor has never been investigated, therefore this thesis studies the internalisation pathway of the type ll GnRH receptor. As the C-terminal tail mediates rapid internalisation of many G protein-coupled receptors this research investigates the functional role of the C-terminal tail and intracellular loop in receptor internalisation. The internalisation pathway of the type ll GnRH receptor in COS-1 cells was investigated by co expressing dominant negative mutants and wild- type constructs of G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs), dynamin-1 and β-arrestin 1 and 2 with the type II GnRH receptor. The results show that internatisation of the receptor requires GRK 2 and dynamin but does not require β-arrestin 1 and 2. Furthermore, inhibitors to both the caveolae pathway as well as the clathrin coated vesicle endocytosis abolished receptor internalisation indicating that both structures are involved in internalisation of the receptor. Even though in COS-1 cells the type ll GnRH receptor internatises in a β-arrestin independent manner, internalisation of this receptor can be enhanced by over-expression of wild type β-arrestin. This indicates that the type ll GnRH receptor is able to utilise a β-arrestin mediated internaltsation pathway if high levels of β-arrestin are present in the cell. The mammalian type ll GnRH receptor internalises with enhanced rate and extent compared to the tail-less human type I GHRH receptor. The role of the C-terminal tail of the type ll GnRH receptor in internalisation was investigated by measuring internalisation of C-terminally truncated mutants. It was found that the region between Gly 343 and Ser 335 within the C-terminal domain is important for receptor internalisation. Substitution of putative phosphorylation sites within this region revealed that Ser 338 and Ser 339 are critical for rapid receptor internalisation. Furthermore a serine residue in intracellular loop three (Ser 251) was shown to play a role in signalling as well as in internalisation. Since dominant negative GRK 2 could not inhibit internalisation of a mutant lacking all three serine residues, but could reduce internalisation of the wild-type receptor, we suggest that Ser 251, 338 and 339 are target of phosphorylation by GRK. However these phosphorylation sites as well as the C-terminal tail are not necessary for β-arrestin dependent internalisation. Taken together this thesis elucidates the internalisation pathway of a mammalian type lI GnRH receptor and identified residues within the C-terminal tail and intracellular loop three that are critical for rapid internalisation.
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Gameau, Louise J. "The effect of cytokines on chorionic gonadotrophin expression in the marmoset monkey embryo /". Title page, contents and summary only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phg192.pdf.
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Jackson, Stacey Anne Winifred. "Modelling the neuropsychopharmacology of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/288835.
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This thesis extends the understanding of the neural and neurochemical contributions to two forms of behavioural adaptation, reversal learning and contingency degradation, in which stimulus/action-reward contingencies are altered. The results are interpreted within the psychological framework of the compulsivity construct, and their implications for the pathological behaviour of obsessive-compulsive-disorder (OCD) are considered. The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and striatum are key brain structures involved in reversal learning, as are the neurotransmitters serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and dopamine (DA) within those respective regions. However, there has been little empirical evidence of how these two structures and neurochemical systems interact, especially in the functional context of reversal learning. In Chapter Three, the impact of experimentally-induced reductions of 5-HT in the anterior OFC on monoamine levels in subcortical structures such as the striatum and amygdala was determined, DA being found to be significantly up-regulated in the amygdala. Functionally, 5-HT depletion of the OFC has previously been shown to induce deficits in reversal learning. To determine the possible causal significance of amygdala dopamine up-regulation for said reversal learning deficit, the effects of blocking the upregulation with the infusion of intra amygdala DA receptor antagonists following bilateral OFC 5-HT depletion were investigated in a reversal learning paradigm. In Chapter Four, the differential roles of regions of striatum were examined in visual reversal learning. Two recent investigations in non-human primates highlighted the role of the striatum in reversal learning,but pinpointed the critical region to be either the ventromedial caudate or the putamen. Marmosets were trained on a serial reversal task that allowed multiple acute neural manipulations, and the ventromedial caudate and putamen were then reversibly inactivated using the GABAA agonist muscimol. Results indicated dose-related impairments specifically in reversal learning within the putamen, with sparing of discrimination retention. By contrast, similar reversible inactivation of the caudate nucleus produced marked deficits in visual discrimination performance (retention). In Chapter Five, the neural basis of action-outcome contingency knowledge was investigated by inactivating distinct regions of the PFC, the perigenual ACC (pgACC; area 32) and the anterior OFC, and determining response sensitivity to the degradation of action-outcome contingencies. In previous work, excitotoxic lesions of either the pgACC or the OFC had been found to induce insensitivity to contingency degradation in marmosets. However, the design of that experiment did not allow specification of whether stimulus- or action-outcome associations were disrupted, and a precise neural locus could not be determined for the behavioural effects as the OFC lesions included parts of the lateral and medial OFC. I therefore developed a novel contingency degradation paradigm that distinguished between stimulus- and action-outcome associations to enable the study of acute pharmacological manipulations in both brain regions. The pgACC and OFC were reversibly inactivated using GABAA-GABAB agonists (muscimol-baclofen). Whereas the pgACC inactivation produced selective deficits in sensitivity to action-outcome contingency degradation, OFC inactivation reduced the suppressive effect of noncontingent reward on responding more generally but left intact sensitivity to degradation of the contingencies. These results are discussed in terms of different theories of the functions of the pgACC and OFC. In the final discussion the findings on the neural substrates of reversal learning and contingency degradation are drawn together in terms of their significance for theories of PFC involvement in cognitive control, and for the understanding of OCD and other neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Graham, Bryan. "Optical factors affecting post-natal growth of the Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus jacchus) eye". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:efdf1daf-f853-4f35-bf55-7df9a32c6a50.
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Lee, David. "A scanning electron microscopic study of the marmoset palate and periodontium microvasculature using corrosion casts /". Title page, contents and summary only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09DM/09dml477.pdf.
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Bloomfield, Kelly Louise, i n/a. "Investigation of the Role of Thioredoxin in the Invasive Phenotype and its Interaction with the Transcription Factor Sp1". Griffith University. School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20031021.120018.
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Thioredoxin is a small ubiquitous oxido-reductase found in all species. The highly conserved active site, which facilitates thioredoxins redox activity, contains two redox active cysteine residues. Thioredoxin has numerous protein substrates to which it donates H+ ions and it can also function as a free radical scavenger. Through these activities thioredoxin is able to influence the redox state of not only its protein targets, but also the entire cellular environment. Thioredoxin has been implicated in many biological functions, and one mechanism by which it influences these functions is through interactions with a number of transcription factors including NF-kappa-B and p53. Thioredoxin also has numerous extracellular biological roles. It has been shown that thioredoxin is actively secreted from a number of normal and transformed cell lines including fibroblasts and activated B and T cells. This study investigates the role of thioredoxin in embryonic implantation and cancer cell metastasis, two physiological functions which rely on the same basic processes. Thioredoxin expression has previously been shown to be increased in many cancers. However it has not yet been established whether this increase is a causative or a side effect of the cancerous phenotype. Similarly thioredoxin expression has previously been shown to be increased during different phases of the oestrus cycle and pregnancy. This thesis describes the role of thioredoxin in embryonic implantation using a marmoset model. A thioredoxin cDNA was isolated and subsequently sequenced. Preliminary antibody experiments indicated that the anti human thioredoxin monoclonal antibodies available in our laboratory would recognise marmoset thioredoxin. Subsequently immunocytochemistry using anti human thioredoxin antibodies was carried out on sectioned marmoset uterus and embryonic tissue. The results indicated that thioredoxin is expressed by cells at the embryonic-maternal interface of early implantation sites. Further studies demonstrated that thioredoxin is also expressed and secreted by cultured blastocysts in vitro. This thesis also describes the role of thioredoxin in cancer cell metastasis. Results of this study indicate that thioredoxin is actively involved in facilitating the invasive phenotype of breast cancer cells. The two cell lines utilised were MCF-7, a well differentiated, relatively non-invasive breast cancer cell line; and MDA-MB-231, a poorly differentiated, highly invasive breast cancer cell line. The cell lines were transfected with thioredoxin sense, antisense and 1SS (encodes thioredoxin with both active cysteine residues mutated to serine residues and is thus redox inactive) constructs. The results demonstrate that when endogenous thioredoxin levels are increased, i.e. transfected with a sense thioredoxin construct, the invasive breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 becomes more invasive, conversely when endogenous levels are decreased, i.e. transfected with antisense or 1SS constructs, the invasive capacity of these cells decreases. However, when the endogenous level of thioredoxin was manipulated in the relatively non-invasive cell line MCF-7 very little effect was observed. Results also indicate that thioredoxin has the ability to act as a chemoattractant for actively invading breast cancer cells. Both of these functions appear to be dependent on thioredoxin's redox activity. Additional studies described in this thesis have shown that thioredoxin is involved in the regulation of Sp1 in vitro. Sp1 is a transcription factor known to regulate the transcription of a number of genes whose products are intimately involved in the invasive phenotype. The results in this study suggest that Sp1 DNA binding is regulated by thioredoxin such that when reduced by the enzyme its binding to DNA is facilitated. Results also indicate that Sp1 may regulate the transcription of thioredoxin by binding to Sp1 sites within the thioredoxin promoter.
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Bloomfield, Kelly Louise. "Investigation of the Role of Thioredoxin in the Invasive Phenotype and its Interaction with the Transcription Factor Sp1". Thesis, Griffith University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366170.
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Thioredoxin is a small ubiquitous oxido-reductase found in all species. The highly conserved active site, which facilitates thioredoxins redox activity, contains two redox active cysteine residues. Thioredoxin has numerous protein substrates to which it donates H+ ions and it can also function as a free radical scavenger. Through these activities thioredoxin is able to influence the redox state of not only its protein targets, but also the entire cellular environment. Thioredoxin has been implicated in many biological functions, and one mechanism by which it influences these functions is through interactions with a number of transcription factors including NF-_B and p53. Thioredoxin also has numerous extracellular biological roles. It has been shown that thioredoxin is actively secreted from a number of normal and transformed cell lines including fibroblasts and activated B and T cells. This study investigates the role of thioredoxin in embryonic implantation and cancer cell metastasis, two physiological functions which rely on the same basic processes. Thioredoxin expression has previously been shown to be increased in many cancers. However it has not yet been established whether this increase is a causative or a side effect of the cancerous phenotype. Similarly thioredoxin expression has previously been shown to be increased during different phases of the oestrus cycle and pregnancy. This thesis describes the role of thioredoxin in embryonic implantation using a marmoset model. A thioredoxin cDNA was isolated and subsequently sequenced. Preliminary antibody experiments indicated that the anti human thioredoxin monoclonal antibodies available in our laboratory would recognise marmoset thioredoxin. Subsequently immunocytochemistry using anti human thioredoxin antibodies was carried out on sectioned marmoset uterus and embryonic tissue. The results indicated that thioredoxin is expressed by cells at the embryonic-maternal interface of early implantation sites. Further studies demonstrated that thioredoxin is also expressed and secreted by cultured blastocysts in vitro. This thesis also describes the role of thioredoxin in cancer cell metastasis. Results of this study indicate that thioredoxin is actively involved in facilitating the invasive phenotype of breast cancer cells. The two cell lines utilised were MCF-7, a well differentiated, relatively non-invasive breast cancer cell line; and MDA-MB-231, a poorly differentiated, highly invasive breast cancer cell line. The cell lines were transfected with thioredoxin sense, antisense and 1SS (encodes thioredoxin with both active cysteine residues mutated to serine residues and is thus redox inactive) constructs. The results demonstrate that when endogenous thioredoxin levels are increased, i.e. transfected with a sense thioredoxin construct, the invasive breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 becomes more invasive, conversely when endogenous levels are decreased, i.e. transfected with antisense or 1SS constructs, the invasive capacity of these cells decreases. However, when the endogenous level of thioredoxin was manipulated in the relatively non-invasive cell line MCF-7 very little effect was observed. Results also indicate that thioredoxin has the ability to act as a chemoattractant for actively invading breast cancer cells. Both of these functions appear to be dependent on thioredoxin's redox activity. Additional studies described in this thesis have shown that thioredoxin is involved in the regulation of Sp1 in vitro. Sp1 is a transcription factor known to regulate the transcription of a number of genes whose products are intimately involved in the invasive phenotype. The results in this study suggest that Sp1 DNA binding is regulated by thioredoxin such that when reduced by the enzyme its binding to DNA is facilitated. Results also indicate that Sp1 may regulate the transcription of thioredoxin by binding to Sp1 sites within the thioredoxin promoter.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences
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Zöller, Martina [Verfasser]. "Pathogenetische Untersuchungen zum Wasting-Marmoset-Syndrom bei Weißbüschelaffen (Callithrix jacchus) / vorgelegt von Martina Zöller". Gießen : DVG-Service, 2005. http://d-nb.info/978259653/34.
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Clarke, Hannah Frances. "The role of serotonin in the prefrontal cortex of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597738.
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The aim of this thesis was to compare the behavioural effects of selective serotonergic lesions of the PFC using 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine, in a New World primate, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), on two tests of prefrontal cortical function designed to measure the flexible control of inhibitory responding. First, the role of 5-HT in orbitofrontal cortex function was assessed using a serial discrimination reversal task in which monkeys have to repeatedly shift their responding between one of two visual stimuli. In contrast to controls, 5-HT-lesioned monkeys were impaired in their ability to reverse stimulus-reward associations, due to perseveration at the previously-correct stimulus. Second, the role of 5-HT in lateral PFC function was assessed using an attentional set-shifting task in which monkeys have to shift their attention between two perceptual dimensions of a compound visual stimulus. Despite lesioned monkeys showing perseverative responding when reversing a stimulus-reward association, the same monkeys were unimpaired in their ability to shift between higher-order dimensions or rules. Finally, two studies were undertaken to characterize the perseverative deficit both neurochemically and psychologically. Although selective orbitofrontal cortex dopamine lesions were without effect, selective 5-HT lesions of the orbitofrontal and lateral PFC induced perseveration, which was not due to learned avoidance or proactive interference. These findings suggest that PFC 5-HT (but not dopamine) is critical for flexible responding at the level of changing stimulus-reward contingencies, but is not essential for the higher-order shifting of attentional sets, thus highlighting the differential sensitivity of distinct prefrontally-mediated psychological functions to serotonergic modulation. Further characterization of the 5-HT systems involved in this deficit may reveal drug targets for the treatment of psychiatric disorders in which these abilities are impaired.
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Wallis, Jonathan David. "Functions of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621700.
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Pears, Andrew. "Functions of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620719.
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Ferrari, Stephen Francis. "The behaviour and ecology of the buffy-headed marmoset, Callithrix flaviceps (O. Thomas, 1903)". Thesis, Online version, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.284007.
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Lloyd, S. A. C. "The neural control of masculine reproductive and social behaviours in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19056.
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Tkachenko, Olena [Verfasser]. "In vitro oocyte maturation and embryo production in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) / Olena Tkachenko". Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1027151639/34.
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Lefeuvre, Jennifer. "Characterization of spinal cord lesions in the marmoset EAE model using MRI and histopathology techniques". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS208.
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Jusqu’à 90% des patients atteints de sclérose en plaque (SEP) présentent des lésions dans la moëlle épinière. L’imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM) des lésions médullaires demeure un challenge difficile et par conséquent, leur développement et le lien avec la progression clinique du patient restent à ce jour fortement méconnus. Encéphalomyélite auto-immune expérimentale (EAE) chez le marmoset présente des caractéristiques lésionnelles cérébrales ainsi que des déficits sensori-moteurs se rapprochant fortement de la SEP. L’objectif de cette thèse a été de développer de nouveaux protocoles IRM à 7T en association avec des analyses histopathologiques afin de caractériser le type de lésions médullaires et de suivre leur évolution spatio-temporelles chez le marmoset EAE. Notre première étude postmortem nous a permis de démontrer une forte ressemblance des lésions focales avec celles retrouvées chez les patients SEP, ainsi que une grande hétérogénéité des lésions subpiales entre animaux le long de la moelle épinière. Dans un second temps, nous avons mis en place une routine expérimentale robuste adapter à la morphologie de l’animal, ainsi que la création d’une antenne 12-canaux en réseau phasé. Pour la toute première fois, nous avons imager in vivo la totalité de la moëlle épinière de nos primates au cours de la maladie. Nous avons trouvé une forte corrélation entre la charge lésionnelle médullaire et les scores cliniques. Ces nouveaux éléments soulignent la pertinence des lésions médullaires chez le marmoset EAE pour étudier les mécanismes de développement des lésions chez les patients SEPUp to 90% of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients present spinal cord lesions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of spinal cord lesions is still a difficult challenge. Consequently, the evolution of spinal cord lesions in MS and their contribution to disease progression remain poorly understood. The brain of common marmoset with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) displays closer radiological and pathological features as well sensori-motor deficits with MS. The objective of this thesis was to develop new MRI protocols at 7 Tesla in association with histopathological analysis to better characterize the type of spinal cord lesions in the marmoset EAE, and to understand their spatiotemporal evolution. A first postmortem study demonstrated a strong resemblance to MS focal lesions in terms of shape and distribution, as well a heterogeneous subpial pathology between animals and along the spinal cord length. Secondly, we implemented a robust in vivo experimental setup in order to adapt to the morphology of the animals and created a 12-element phase-array coil. This new setup enabled us to image for the first time the entire spinal cord of nonhuman primates with EAE during the disease. We also found a strong association between the lesion load and the disability scores. These new findings highlight the relevance of the spinal cord lesions in the marmoset EAE model for studying the disease mechanisms of spinal cord lesions in MS
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Uhl, Dorothee. "Untersuchung zur funktionellen Bedeutung von VDAC in weiblichen Gameten des Rindes und des Marmoset-Affen". Giessen : VVB Laufersweiler, 2008. http://d-nb.info/989910423/34.
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Hauser, Jonas. "Long-term neuro-behavioural effects of prenatal dexamethasone treatment in Wistar rats and marmoset monkeys". kostenfrei, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/view/eth:30028.
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Shiba, Yoshiro. "Characterising trait anxiety in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) : investigations into behavioural, psychophysiological and cognitive phenotypes". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/256092.
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The major aim of my thesis project has been to develop a non-human primate model of trait anxiety, using a new world monkey, the common marmoset. The first step was to identify animals high or low in trait anxiety. Based on the findings that high trait-anxious individuals display over-generalization of fear responses, a pathogenic marker of elevated trait anxiety in humans, a new aversive discriminative conditioning paradigm was designed. Testing a normal cohort of marmosets revealed that 26% of the animals displayed both behavioural and physiological signs of fear generalization, i.e. failure to discriminate safety from danger cues (‘failed’ group). The remaining 74% showed successful discrimination (‘passed’ group). Additional regression analysis on several behavioural and physiological responses early in training revealed two potential biomarkers of high trait anxiety in marmosets: suppressed baseline blood pressure, indicative of contextual effects, and hyper cue-specific vigilance. These measures predicted the animal’s likelihood of passing or failing the discrimination. The finding that the ‘failed’ group showed intact discriminative performance in the appetitive domain rules out an interpretation of the results in terms of a general impairment in learning, per se. To further determine whether these hypothetically high trait-anxious animals would display enhanced anxiety-related responses in more classical primate models of anxiety, human intruder and rubber snake tests were performed on a large sample of marmosets. Principal component analysis on multiple behavioural measures revealed two components underlying performance: ‘emotionality’ and ‘coping strategy’. Although no difference was found in the human intruder test, the ’failed’ group displayed significantly elevated levels of ‘emotionality’ in comparison to the ‘passed’ group in the rubber snake test. Moreover, the two biomarkers of fear over-generalisation also reliably predicted the ‘emotionality’ scores. Finally, having developed a marmoset model of trait anxiety, investigations into the neural underpinnings, especially prefrontal involvement in trait anxiety mechanisms, were carried out by testing the animals on two cognitive flexibility tests: an orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)-dependent incongruent object discrimination test and a lateral prefrontal cortex (lPFC)-dependent detour reaching rule transfer test. Whilst group differences did not reach significance, the two biomarkers of fear over-generalisation, the suppressed baseline blood pressure and hyper cue-specific vigilance, were inversely and differentially correlated with perseverative performance on the two tests, the lPFC- and OFC-dependent tests, respectively. This not only indicates that high trait anxiety can lead to improvements in certain aspects of prefrontal cognitive function but also suggests that changes in the activity of at least two distinct prefronto-subcortical neural circuits, a cue-sensitive amygdala-OFC and a context-sensitive hippocampus-lPFC circuit, may contribute to trait anxiety.
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Berry, Louise. "Vocalizations and communication with a common marmoset (Callithrixjacchus jacchus) family group to food and novel objects". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq39173.pdf.
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Spacco, Jaime W. "Marmoset a programming project assignment framework to improve the feedback cycle for students, faculty and researchers /". College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/4095.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.Thesis research directed by: Computer Science. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Reekie, Yvonna Louise. "Sweet expectations : a neural and psychophysiological analysis of positive 'emotion' in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613180.
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Barnes, N. J. G. "Behavioural and biochemical consequences of persistently disturbing cerebral dopamine function in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)". Thesis, University of Bradford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374912.
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Parlange, Louise Maureen. "A T.E.M. stereological analysis of blood vessels and nerves in marmoset periodontal ligament following orthodontic extrusion /". Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09DM/09dmp252.pdf.
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Le, Friec Alice. "Evolution of corticospinal tract integrity in stroked marmoset monkeys : Towards a bioimplant and stem cell therapeutic strategy". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30031.
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L'Accident Vasculaire Cérébral (AVC) ischémique endommage fréquemment des régions cérébrales impliquées dans le contrôle du mouvement volontaire. De fait, cette pathologie est l'une des premières causes de handicap acquis à l'âge adulte. Bien que des centaines de stratégies thérapeutiques aient montré de potentiels effets bénéfiques dans des modèles animaux d'AVC, seule la rééducation motrice est validée comme traitement des déficits moteurs après la phase aiguë chez l'Homme. Ce constat souligne l'importance de développer et de caractériser des modèles pré cliniques reproductibles chez une espèce proche de l'homme, qui permettront de mieux évaluer l'efficacité de thérapies innovantes. Le premier objectif de ma thèse était donc de caractériser les conséquences anatomiques et fonctionnelles d'une lésion cérébrale induite par une toxine mitochondriale, le malonate, chez le rongeur et le primate non humain. Sur le plan anatomique, l'Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique multimodale a permis un suivi longitudinal non-invasif des altérations tissulaires. Celles-ci ont été explorées plus spécifiquement par des analyses histologiques. Les déficits moteurs ont été évalués par une batterie de tests sensorimoteurs. Nous montrons premièrement que l'injection stéréotaxique de malonate dans la capsule interne du rat permet une lésion ciblée des fibres du faisceau corticospinal (FCS). Cette lésion est associée à des déficits moteurs de longue durée, similaires à ceux observés suite à un AVC lacunaire chez l'Homme. Dans un deuxième temps, j'ai caractérisé les conséquences de l'injection stéréotaxique de malonate au niveau du cortex moteur primaire chez le marmouset. Ce modèle a été conçu afin de reproduire les effets d'une lésion corticale du FCS qui est fréquente dans l'AVC ischémique. Cette approche produit une lésion focale de volume et de localisation reproductible. Des lésions secondaires hypointenses en IRM pondérée T2 et hyperintenses en IRM pondérée T1 et associées à une infiltration d'astrocytes et de microglie sont observées dans la substance blanche à distance du site de la lésion, vraisemblablement suite à la perte de neurones qui font partie des boucles motrices cortico-sous-corticales. Fait important à noter, ces dommages sont associés à une perte durable de force et de dextérité du membre supérieur des animaux. L'injection stéréotaxique de malonate reproduit donc les conséquences de l'AVC ischémique, conduit à des déficits chroniques et permettra donc l'évaluation de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques. Parmi celles-ci, la thérapie cellulaire semble un moyen prometteur de favoriser la réparation tissulaire.[...]Ischemic stroke frequently damages brain regions involved in the control of voluntary movement and remains a leading cause of adult-acquired disability. Although hundreds of therapeutic strategies have shown potential benefits in animal models of stroke, motor rehabilitation and physiotherapy remain the only validated treatments in Humans after the acute phase. This observation highlights the need to develop and characterize reproducible pre-clinical models, which will allow the assessment of experimental therapies. The first objective of this work was therefore to characterize the anatomical and functional consequences of a brain lesion induced by stereotaxic injection of malonate, a mitochondrial toxin, in rodents and primates. Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging allowed longitudinal non-invasive assessment of tissue alterations. We then performed histological analyses to further describe tissue damage. Motor deficits and their recovery were evaluated using a battery of sensorimotor tests. We first show that stereotaxic injection of malonate into the internal capsule of rats creates targeted destruction of corticospinal tract fibers. This lesion is associated with long term motor impairments similar to those observed after lacunar stroke in humans. Secondly, I characterized the consequences of stereotaxic injection of malonate into the primary motor cortex of marmoset monkeys. This model was developed in order to reproduce the effects of middle cerebral artery stroke in Humans. Indeed, the blood supply of motor territories strongly depends on this vessel, which is often occluded in ischemic stroke. We show that this approach causes a focal lesion of predictable size and location. Secondary lesions together with astrocyte and microglial infiltration were observed in white matter tracts distant to the lesion site, and likely occur after degeneration of cortico-sub-cortical motor loop axons. Importantly, the lesion was associated with long-lasting loss of dexterity and grip strength of the contralateral forelimb. Stereotaxic injection of malonate therefore reproduces the consequences of ischemic stroke and should allow the investigation of innovative therapies. Stem cell therapy may hold promise for tissue regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS). Co-transplantation of stem cells with biomaterials is currently investigated to enhance the survival and maturation of transplanted cells within the lesion site. Biomaterials can help to create a microenvironment permissive to cell integration within host tissue. An approach combining intracerebral engraftment of semi-rigid micro patterned biomaterials with human neural stem cells (to form a "neuro-implant") improved the recovery of grip strength in stroked rats. [...]
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Scheiner, Mark A. "A T.E.M. investigation of endothelial cell junctions in marmoset incisor periodontal ligament following orthodontic extrusion and retention /". Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09DM/09dms359.pdf.
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Tovee, Martin James. "The polymorphism of the middle- to long-wave cone pigments in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus jacchus)". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335819.
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Cox, Charles John. "Persistent EBV infection in the common marmoset : the effect of immunization with envelope glyco protein gp 340". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266318.
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Almond, Rosamunde Elinor Anne. "An investigation into the hormonal and behavioural mechanisms of parental care in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.595482.
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The first half of this thesis concentrates on investigating the hormonal mechanisms of paternal care in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Chapter 3 examines the way in which a number of hormones correlate with the expression of paternal care. In Chapters 4 and 5, I discuss the affect of transiently manipulating the circulating level/effectiveness of prolactin and endogenous opioid peptides while fathers were caring for infants, to evaluate whether either of these hormones is involved in stimulating the behaviour. In the second half of the thesis, I look in detail at paternal food sharing behaviour and the energetic cost of infant care. Chapter 6 examines how food novelty, food accessibility and infant age determine the willingness with which fathers and mothers share food with infants. Chapter 7 concentrates on the benefit infants may get from sharing food, and looks at whether sharing food or watching parents eat are important in the development of long term infant feeding preferences. Both infant carrying and food sharing are energetically costly to both parents. Chapter 8 uses weekly body weight measurements to assess whether body size and infant carrying affects the body weight of fathers and mothers during the first 3 months after the infants are born. Finally, in Chapter 9 I discuss the results of my experiments within the context of current hypotheses and published data.
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Banerji, Tara. "The pharmacological manipulation of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in the MPTP-treated marmoset model of Parkinson's disease". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271728.
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Maratos, Eleni Chryssa. "Behavioural and biochemical investigations into dyskinesia by levodopa or dopamine agonists in the MPTP-treated common marmoset". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271323.
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Rahman, Sufia Saburan. "Differential contributions of subregions of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex to negative emotion in the common marmoset". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/277913.
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The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) has been implicated in a broad range of cognitive and emotional functions, including the processing of negative emotion. Furthermore, abnormalities in dACC activity have been associated with anxiety and depression, disorders in which negative emotion is dysregulated. Thus, a better understanding of the precise contributions of the dACC to negative emotion could give us important insights into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these debilitating neuropsychiatric disorders. However, despite extensive study of the dACC, its precise role in negative emotion is unclear. Instead there is mounting evidence that rather than being one functionally homogeneous region, subregions of the dACC may have distinct functional roles. This evidence is largely correlational, and interventional studies in experimental animals are required to address this. Accordingly, the work in this thesis causally assessed the contributions of two spatially distinct subregions of the dACC (rostral and caudal) to the regulation of the behavioural and cardiovascular correlates of negative emotion in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). These dACC subregions were targeted with indwelling cannulae to enable pharmacological manipulations to be carried out in a range of tasks, used to assess distinct components of negative emotion, such as conditioned fear and anxiety. The findings suggest that the rostral dACC and the caudal dACC do indeed have distinct contributions to the expression of negative emotion and the regulation of anxiety, respectively. Furthermore, an assessment of the anterograde projections of these subregions provides anatomical support for the observed functional differences.
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Forster, Felicity. "Exploration in the rat and the marmoset : relationships between learning and object novelty in an open field /". Title page, contents and summary only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phf732.pdf.
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Irrgang, Jana. "Vergleichende immunhistochemische Untersuchung des Thymusgewebes von Mensch und Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) unter Verwendung Thymusepithel-spezifischer Antikörper aus Hybridomzelllinien". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2005/104/index.html.
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Crowe, Paul Richard. "The marmoset periodontal ligament : a T.E.M. morphometric analysis following incisor crown fracture, root canal therapy and orthodontic extrusion /". Title page, contents and summary only, 1989. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09DM/09dmc953.pdf.
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Thesis (M.D.S.)--Dept. of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, 1990.Spine title: A T.E.M. investigation of extrusion and R.C.T. on the marmoset periodontal ligament. Typescript (Photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 163-191).
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Mitchell, Roderick T. "Germ cell development in the human and marmoset fetal testis and the origins of testicular germ cell tumours". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4818.
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Normal germ cell development in the human testis is crucial for subsequent fertility and reproductive health. Disruption of testis development in fetal life can result in deleterious health consequences such as testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS), which includes disorders, such as cryptorchidism, hypospadias, infertility and testicular germ cell tumours (TGCT). A rat model of TDS in which rats are exposed to phthalates in utero has been validated, but does result in the development of TGCT. In humans, TGCTs result from transformation of pre-neoplastic carcinoma in-situ (CIS) cells and these CIS cells are believed to arise from human fetal germ cells during their transition from gonocyte to spermatogonia, based on their morphology and protein expression profile. It has been proposed asynchronous differentiation of germ cells in the human fetal testis may predispose fetal germ cells to become CIS cells. Studying the development of these tumours in humans is difficult because of their fetal origins and prolonged duration from initiation of impaired development to invasive disease. For this reason the use of relevant animal models that can mimic normal and abnormal germ cell development may provide new insight into how TGCT develop. The Common Marmoset monkey, a New World primate exhibits many similarities to the human in terms of reproductive biology and could represent such a model. This thesis aimed to further characterise the origins of CIS cells in the human testis by investigating the protein expression profile of CIS cells in patients with TGCT and comparing them to established markers of human fetal germ cell types using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Quantification of the various subpopulations of CIS and proliferation within these populations was performed. The thesis also investigated the Common Marmoset monkey as a potential model of normal testis and germ cell development by comparing the differentiation and proliferation profile of germ cells with those of the human during fetal and early postnatal life. During the present studies methods were successfully developed that enabled us to use testicular xenografts to recapitulate normal development of immature testes from marmoset and human. This involved grafting pieces of testis tissue subcutaneously under the dorsal skin of immunodeficient mice and retrieving them several weeks later to investigate their development during the grafting period. Xenografts using tissue from fetal, neonatal and juvenile marmosets were performed in addition to testes from first and second trimester human fetuses. Finally the present studies aimed to use the marmoset and the xenografting approach as systems in which to examine the effects of gonadotrophin suppression and phthalate treatment on germ cell differentiation and proliferation, with particular attention to the potential for development of CIS and TGCT. Heterogeneous phenotypes of CIS cells were identified, mostly consistent with those seen in the normal human fetal testis, however some of these CIS cells did not exhibit the same phenotype as germ cells identified in normal fetal testes. In addition it was shown that some of the proteins considered to be ‘classical’ markers of CIS cells, such as the pluripotent transcription factor OCT4, were not expressed in a proportion of the CIS cells. The proliferation index of CIS cells is also significantly higher in those subpopulations with the most ‘undifferentiated’ phenotype (i.e. OCT4+/VASA-). The present studies have generated novel data showing that the marmoset is a good model of fetal and neonatal germ cell development, with similarities to the human in terms of an asynchronous and prolonged period of differentiation and proliferation of germ cells from gonocyte to spermatogonia. This feature is also common to the human, but not a characteristic of the rodent. Fetal, neonatal and pre-pubertal germ cell development can be re-capitulated by xenografting tissue from marmoset and human testes into nude mouse hosts. Human fetal testis grafts produced testosterone and were responsive to hCG stimulation. First trimester human testis xenografts that have not developed fully formed seminiferous cords prior to grafting can complete the process of cord formation whilst grafted in host mice. In addition, germ cells in fetal human and marmoset xenografts can differentiate and proliferate in a similar manner to that seen in the intact non-grafted testis. In the intact neonatal marmoset, suppression of gonadotrophins resulted in a 30% decrease in proliferation, however differentiation of gonocytes is not affected. In-utero treatment of neonatal marmosets with mono-n-butyl phthalate was associated with unusual ‘gonocyte’ clusters, however, di-n-butyl phthalate treatment of mice carrying fetal marmoset xenografts resulted in no visible effects on germ cell differentiation or proliferation and did not result in the development of CIS or TGCT. In conclusion, this thesis has shown that there are many subpopulations of CIS cells of which many have not been previously described. These subpopulations have different characteristics, such as variable proliferation rates and this may indicate the potential for progression or invasiveness. These subpopulations have similar protein expression phenotypes to normal human fetal germ cells although the present studies have identified some CIS cells with phenotypes that are not found in the normal human testis. This thesis has demonstrated that the marmoset is a comparable model to the human in terms of asynchronous fetal germ cell development, which may predispose this species to the development of CIS/TGCT. In addition to the use of intact marmosets, these studies have also demonstrated for the first time that testis xenografting provides a comparable system for testis cord formation, germ cell differentiation and proliferation in fetal/postnatal marmosets and fetal human testis. In addition the marmoset and xenografting models have indicated that phthalates may have minor effects on testis development in the human and marmoset but do not result in CIS or TGCT. These model systems are suitable for further investigation of normal and disrupted testis development.
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König, Jessica [Verfasser]. "Das endokrine Pankreas des Weißbüschelaffen (Callithrix jacchus) : morphologische und flowzytometrische Untersuchungen unter Berücksichtigung des Wasting-Marmoset-Syndroms / Jessica König". Hannover : Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1018968482/34.
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