Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Marmion Marine Park (W.A.)”

ABSTRACT The Aquificales are widespread in marine and terrestrial hydrothermal environments. Here, we report the complete and draft genome sequences of six new members of the Aquificales: two marine species, Persephonella marina strain EX-H1 and Hydrogenivirga strain 128-5-R1 (from the East Pacific Rise, 9°50.3′N, 104°17.5′W, and the Eastern Lau Spreading Center, 176°11.5′W, 20°45.8′S, respectively), and four terrestrial isolates, Sulfurihydrogenibium azorense strain Az-Fu1, Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense strain SS-5, and Sulfurihydrogenibium strain Y03AOP1 (from Furnas, Azores, Portugal, and Calcite Springs and Obsidian Pool in Yellowstone National Park, United States, respectively), and the only thermoacidophilic isolate, Hydrogenobaculum strain Y04AAS1 (from a stream adjacent to Obsidian Pool). Significant differences among the different species exist that include nitrogen metabolism, hydrogen utilization, chemotaxis, and signal transduction, providing insights into their ecological niche adaptations.

Southeast Pacific (SEP) oceanic islands are characterized by their extreme isolation and high degree of endemism. To date, most research has focused on species composition and distributions, with little information available on early life stages. In this study, we provide new records of early life stages of cephalopods based on planktonic collections carried out during October and November 2016 around three oceanic islands: San Félix, San Ambrosio (Desventuradas Islands; 26.3°S, 79.8°W), and Alejandro Selkirk (Juan Fernández Archipelago; 33.7°S, 80.7°W), which are part of the Nazca-Desventuradas Marine Park, the largest marine park in the Americas. Twenty-four paralarvae and juveniles were obtained and identified based on morphological characteristics [i.e., mantle length (ML), chromatophore patterns, number and shape of suckers on arms and tentacles] and DNA barcoding [i.e., mitochondrial Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences]. Six families were recorded, including Brachioteuthidae, Onychoteuthidae, Tremoctopodidae, Octopodidae, Octopoteuthidae, and Lycoteuthidae. Most individuals (92%) corresponded to larger stages of 4–12 mm ML (Brachioteuthidae, Onychoteuthidae, Tremoctopodidae, and Lycoteuthidae), and 8% were newly hatched paralarvae of around 1 mm ML (Octopodidae and Octopoteuthidae). The DNA barcoding approach validated the identity of Brachioteuthis sp., Onykia aff. robsoni , Octopus mimus, and Tremoctopus sp., with two specific identities (Octopoteuthidae and Lycoteuthis sp.) remaining to be evaluated. ese records provide new information on cephalopod diversity and distribution around SEP islands, adding to the current knowledge about zoogeographic patterns of this group and evidencing their potential relationships with continental or nearby habitats.

We provide the first list of the ichthyofauna from the Ajó river, a water course situated at the southward border of the Samborombón bay (36°20'12"’ S, 56°54'17" W), a RAMSAR site in Argentina. These results were obtained bi-monthly along two years. Forty-five species belonging to 26 families and 11 orders were identified. This fish fauna is composed by freshwater, euryhaline and marine species. Richest groups were Perciformes and Characiformes, with 10 species each. A single species, Micropogonias furnieri (whitemouth croaker), represented morethan 70 % of the captured specimens, being juvenile individuals only. Remaining species were also represented by juvenile specimens, confirming the importance of this environment as nursery area, particularly for the whitemouth croaker.

Lionfish (Pterois volitans) invaded the Caribbean region with the potential to alter the composition and structure of native coral reef fish communities. The objective of this study was to analyze the diversity indices of these fish communities potentially affected by lionfish predation and to compare with pre-invasion data. The study was undertaken in two Caribbean marine protected areas (MPAs): Guanahacabibes National Park (PNG) in W Cuba and Xcalak Reefs National Park (PNAX) in S Quintana Roo. We carried out visual censuses of fish species in reef habitats during the dry and rainy seasons of the period 2013-2015. For this, nine sites were defined and evaluated using stationary counts. Our results showed higher species richness (43.47 ± 5.14) and mean abundance (0.76 ± 1.25) in PNG than in PNAX (40.22 ± 4.96, 0.19 ± 0.46, respectively). Diversity decreased after the arrival of lionfish in a single site of PNG and in two sites of the PNAX, but apparently, these results are more related to the fishing activity effect than to the lionfish presence. Based on the results and assuming that changes in the native fish communities by lionfish may not yet be detected, we recommend to continue the monitoring community descriptions in order to detect future changes in native fish communities.

LiDAR (light detection and ranging) data acquired near Summerville, South Carolina, reveal numerous lineaments trending in various directions across the Middleton Place-Summerville seismic zone (MPSSZ) and surrounding area. These lineaments are defined by linear depressions and stream valleys that are developed within late Eocene to Holocene marine, marginal marine, and fluvial sediments of the Atlantic Coastal Plain. The 40-kmlong, ENE-WSW-oriented Deer Park lineament coincides with the Woodstock epicenter of the 1886 Charleston earthquake, suggesting that the main shock may have occurred along a fault associated with this lineament. The proximity of the 17-km-long, ENE-WSW-oriented Middleton Place lineament to the Middleton Place epicenter suggests that it too may have ruptured in 1886. Several E-W-oriented topographic scarps are also located near the area of modern seismicity, including the 3- to 5-km-long, south-facing McChune and Summerwood scarps. The McChune scarp is aligned with the E-W-trending portion of the Summerville scarp to the west, suggesting that both scarps may be from uplift to the north along the same fault. The McChune scarp and the Otranto and Middleton Place lineaments coincide with faults interpreted from previously acquired seismic-reflection profiles, suggesting that these features are surface expressions of Quaternary faults. Other lineaments east of the MPSSZ are associated with Neogene structural domes, indicating that the interpreted faults along these lineaments have been active during the late Cenozoic. The LiDAR data also revealed a ~350-m dextral offset of a middle Pleistocene beach ridge along the Woodstock fault and a ~20-km-long, NW-SE-oriented lineament to the east (Canterhilllineament) that appears to be the surface expression of the Charleston fault.

<p>This is Part II of a two-part review about climate and climate variability focused on the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP) and the Caribbean Sea (CS). Both parts are aimed at providing oceanographers, marine biologists, and other ocean scientists, a guiding base for ocean-atmosphere interaction processes affecting the CS, the ETP, and the waters of Isla del Coco. Isla del Coco National Park is a Costa Rican World Heritage site. Part I analyzed the mean fields for both basins and a larger region covering 25º S - 35º N, 20º W - 130º W. Here we focus on a smaller area (65º W - 95º W, 0º - 20º N), as a complement to Part 1. Incoming solar radiation and surface energy fluxes reveal the complex nature of the ETP and CS for convective activity and precipitation on seasonal and intraseasonal time scales. Both regions are relevant as sources of evaporation and the associated moisture transport processes. The American Monsoon System influences the climate and climate variability of the ETP and CS, however, the precise way systems affect regional precipitation and transport of moisture, within the Intra Americas Sea (IAS) are not clear. Although the Caribbean Low-Level Jet (CLLJ) is known to act as a conveyor belt for moisture transport, intraseasonal and seasonal modes of the CLLJ and their interactions with other IAS systems, have to be further investigated. Trans-isthmic jets, exert a variable seasonal wind stress force over the ocean surface co-generating regions of great marine productivity. Isolated convection, the seasonal migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, the hurricane season, the Mid-Summer Drought, the seasonal and intraseasonal behavior of low-level jets and their interactions with transients, and the southward incursion of cold fronts contribute to regional seasonal precipitation. Many large-scale systems, such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation, the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO, also influence the variability of precipitation by modulating regional features associated with convection and precipitation. Monthly tropical storm (TS) activity in the CS and ETP basins is restricted to the period May-November, with very few cases in December. The CS presents TS peak activity during August, as well as for the number of hurricanes and major hurricanes, in contrast to the ETP that shows the same features during September.</p><div> </div>

Abstract The marine area of Northeast Greenland belongs to the largest national park in the world. Biodiversity assessments and tailored conservation measures often target specific physiographic or oceanographic features of an area for which detailed knowledge on their biological communities is incomplete. This study, therefore, characterizes epibenthic megafauna communities in a priori defined seabed habitats (fjord, shelf, shelf break and slope) and their relationship to environmental conditions in Northeast Greenland waters as a basis for conservation and management planning. Megabenthos was sampled from the Bessel Fjord across the shelf to the upper continental slope between latitudes 74.55°N–79.27°N and longitudes 5.22°W–21.72°W by Campelen and Agassiz trawls at 18 locations (total of 33 samples) at depths between 65 and 1011 m in August 2015 and September 2017. A total of 276 taxa were identified. Gross estimates of abundance ranged from 4 to 854 individuals 1000 m−2 and biomass ranged from 65 to 528 g wet weight 1000 m−2 (2017 only). The phyla Arthropoda and Porifera contributed the most to taxon richness, while Mollusca and Echinodermata were the most abundant, and Echinodermata had the highest biomass of all phyla. Fjord, shelf, shelf break and slope seabed habitats revealed different megafaunal communities that were partly explained by gradients in depth, bottom oxygen concentration, temperature, salinity, and turbidity. The present study provides a current baseline of megabenthos across seabed habitats in Northeast Greenlandic waters and reveals putative connections between Arctic and Atlantic biota.

Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) are one of the major biological components in all kinds of aquatic ecosystems both in freshwater and marine ones. The nature reserve fund of Ukraine includes 52 national parks, in the vast majority of which Bacillariophyta have not been studied. This investigation presents first data on the diatoms in Yavorivsky National Park located in Lviv region. The material consists of the epiphytic samples of microalgae that were collected from different substrates in aquatic ecosystems of the Yavorivsky National Park in 2014. In the hydrotopes of the park 180 diatom species from 56 genera were found, among them Achnanthidium catenatum (Bily & Marvan) Lange-Bertalot, Cymbopleura apiculata Krammer, Fallacia sublucidula (Hustedt) D. G. Mann in Round, Crawford & Mann, Gomphonema lagenula Kützing, G. supersedens Reichardt, G. pseudopusillum Reichardt, Paraplaconeis minor (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot, Placoneis constans (Hustedt) E. J. Cox, Psammothidium bioretii (Germain) Bukhtiyarova & Round, P. vernadskyi Bukhtiyarova et Stanislavskaya, Sellaphora gracillima Zidarova, Kopalová & Van de Vijver, S. insolita (Manguin) Hamilton et Antoniades, Stauroneis fluminopsis Van de Vijver et Lange-Bertalot were recorded for the first time in Ukraine. Besides that, Amphora hemicycla Stoermer & J. J. Yang and Sellaphora bacilloides (Hustedt) Levkov, Krstic & Nakov also were new findings in the country from the Broadleaf Forest Zone of Ukraine. Many species rare in the world flora and in Ukraine were found. A new diatom species Сaloneis albus-columba Bukhtiyarova, sp. nov., was described from the pond in stationary recreation area Kozulka. This new species possesses strongly three-undulate valves with three rhombic segments, which in morphology is most similar to Caloneis lamella Zakrzewski, however it differs from it by having rhombic distal valve segments instead of oval ones as well as noticeably smaller width of the central valve segment. The morphology of other similar species is discussed. For proper description of the new species new definitions for the raphe system morphology were grounded on functional morphology of the diatom frustule. New combinations Iconella alaskaensis (Foged) Bukhtiyarova, comb. et stat. nov., Iconella baltica (Schumann) Bukhtiyarova, comb. nov., Iconella brebissonii (Krammer & Lange-Bertalot) Bukhtiyarova, comb. nov., Iconella brightwellii (W. Smith) Bukhtiyarova, comb. nov., Iconella constricta (Grunow) Bukhtiyarova, comb. et stat. nov., Iconella didyma (Kützing) Bukhtiyarova, comb. nov. and Iconella elegans (Ehrenberg) Bukhtiyarova, comb. nov. were formally proposed. The lectotype for Eunotia glacialis F. Meister was designated here. Illustrations with light and scanning electron microscopy are presented. A primary inventory of Bacillariophyta and their subsequent study on protected territories in Ukraine is still an important task in the context of preservation of biodiversity of the country.

Abstract Kim, D., Yang, E. J., Kim, K. H., Shin, C-W., Park, J., Yoo, S., and Hyun, J-H. 2012. Impact of an anticyclonic eddy on the summer nutrient and chlorophyll a distributions in the Ulleung Basin, East Sea (Japan Sea). – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 23–29. The impact of the anticyclonic Ulleung Warm Eddy (UWE) on the vertical distributions of nutrient and chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations in the Ulleung Basin (UB) was investigated during the contrasting summers of 2005 and 2007. The physical structure of the water column was characterized by an intrathermocline eddy (ITE) in 2005, whereas the UWE remained distant from the sampling transect in 2007. Water column structures appeared to be highly stratified, and nutrients in the surface waters were totally depleted at all stations. In 2005, an exceptionally high concentration of Chl a (5.5 mg m−3) was measured below the surface mixed layer in the eddy core (station D3), and values of ∼2.5 mg m–3 were observed at the eddy edge (stations D2 and D4). Formation of an ITE efficiently mixed surface and deep-ocean waters, the latter supplying sufficient nutrients to generate an extremely high concentration of Chl a at the base of the subsurface layer. Overall, the results indicated that the anticyclonic UWE plays a key ecological role in supporting substantial phytoplankton biomass in the nutrient-depleted surface waters in summer and maintaining high benthic mineralization in the deep-sea sediments of the UB.

Abstract. Measurements of the ambient aerosol were performed at the Southern coast of Spain, within the framework of the DOMINO (Diel Oxidant Mechanisms In relation to Nitrogen Oxides) project. The field campaign took place from 20 November until 9 December 2008 at the atmospheric research station "El Arenosillo" (37°5'47.76" N, 6&amp;deg44'6.94" W). As the monitoring station is located at the interface between a natural park, industrial cities (Huelva, Seville) and the Atlantic Ocean a variety of physical and chemical parameters of aerosols and gas phase could be characterized in dependency on the origin of air masses. Backwards trajectories were examined and compared with local meteorology to classify characteristic air mass types for several source regions. Aerosol number and mass as well as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and black carbon concentrations were measured in PM1 and size distributions were registered covering a size range from 7 nm up to 32 μm. The chemical composition of the non-refractory submicron aerosol was measured by means of an Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (Aerodyne HR-ToF-AMS). Gas phase analyzers monitored various trace gases (O3, SO2, NO, NO2, CO2) and a weather station provided meteorological parameters. Lowest average submicron particle mass and number concentrations were found in air masses arriving from the Atlantic Ocean with values around 2 μg m−3 and 1000 cm−3. These mass concentrations were about two to four times lower than the values recorded in air masses of continental and urban origins. For some species PM1-fractions in marine air were significantly larger than in air masses originating from Huelva, a closely located city with extensive industrial activities. The largest fraction of sulfate (54%) was detected in marine air masses and was to a high degree not neutralized. In addition small concentrations of methanesulfonic acid (MSA), a product of biogenic dimethyl sulfate (DMS) emissions could be identified in the particle phase. In all air masses passing the continent the organic aerosol fraction dominated the total NR-PM1. For this reason, using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) four organic aerosol (OA) classes that can be associated with various aerosol sources and components were identified: a highly-oxygenated OA is the major component contributing an average of 43% of the particulate organic mass while the semi-volatile OA accounts for 23%. A hydrocarbon-like OA mainly resulting from industries, traffic and shipping emissions as well as particles from wood burning emissions also contribute to total OA dependent on the air mass origin. The variability of ozone is not only affected by different types of air masses but also significantly by the diurnal variation as a consequence of the solar radiation as well as local meteorological parameters.

Abstract. Measurements of the ambient aerosol were performed at the Southern coast of Spain, within the framework of the DOMINO (Diel Oxidant Mechanisms In relation to Nitrogen Oxides) project. The field campaign took place from 20 November until 9 December 2008 at the atmospheric research station "El Arenosillo" (37°5'47.76" N, 6°44'6.94" W). As the monitoring station is located at the interface between a natural park, industrial cities (Huelva, Seville) and the Atlantic Ocean, a variety of physical and chemical parameters of aerosols and gas phase could be characterized in dependency on the origin of air masses. Backwards trajectories were examined and compared with local meteorology to classify characteristic air mass types for several source regions. Aerosol number and mass as well as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and black carbon concentrations were measured in PM1 and size distributions were registered covering a size range from 7 nm up to 32 μm. The chemical composition of the non-refractory submicron aerosol (NR-PM1) was measured by means of an Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (Aerodyne HR-ToF-AMS). Gas phase analyzers monitored various trace gases (O3, SO2, NO, NO2, CO2) and a weather station provided meteorological parameters. Lowest average submicron particle mass and number concentrations were found in air masses arriving from the Atlantic Ocean with values around 2 μg m−3 and 1000 cm−3. These mass concentrations were about two to four times lower than the values recorded in air masses of continental and urban origins. For some species PM1-fractions in marine air were significantly larger than in air masses originating from Huelva, a closely located city with extensive industrial activities. The largest fraction of sulfate (54%) was detected in marine air masses and was to a high degree not neutralized. In addition, small concentrations of methanesulfonic acid (MSA), a product of biogenic dimethyl sulfate (DMS) emissions, could be identified in the particle phase. In all air masses passing the continent the organic aerosol fraction dominated the total NR-PM1. For this reason, using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) four organic aerosol (OA) classes that can be associated with various aerosol sources and components were identified: a highly-oxygenated OA is the major component (43% OA) while semi-volatile OA accounts for 23%. A hydrocarbon-like OA mainly resulting from industries, traffic and shipping emissions as well as particles from wood burning emissions also contribute to total OA and depend on the air mass origin. A significant variability of ozone was observed that depends on the impact of different air mass types and solar radiation.

Keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan ikan karang adalah indikator yang baik untuk menilai secara dini adanya dampak pada ekosistem terumbu karang dari sebab kegiatan manusia yang tinggal di sekitar Taman Wisata Alam Laut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengindentifikasi sumber daya ikan karang yang ditinjau dari sisi keanekaragaman jenis, kepadatan individu, komposisi dan biomassa ikan karang dari kelompok fungsional ikan karang. Penelitian dilakukan pada September 2014 dengan metode sensus visual bawah air. Berat ikan didapat dengan cara mensubsitusikan panjang ikan ke rumus panjang berat (W= aXb). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat sedikitnya 27 spesies ikan indikator dan 84 spesies ikan target dari 16 famili. Kelompok ikan herbivora dijumpai 36 spesies dari 3 famili, ikan karnivora dijumpai 43 spesies dari 10 famili dan ikan planktivora 5 spesies dari 3 famili. Urutan dari 10 terbesar ikan karang yang dijumpai terdiri dari Ctenochaetus striatus (13 ekor/350m2), Mulloidichthys flavolineatus (10,25 ekor/350m2), Acanthurus olivaceus (8,4 ekor/350m2), Parupeneus multifasciatus (6,5 ekor/350m2), Myripristis kuntee (5,5 ekor/350m2), Kyphosus cinerascens (5,25 ekor/350m2), Lutjanus kasmira (5,13 ekor/350m2), Acanthurus leucocheilus (4,9 ekor/350m2), Scarus ghobban (4,6 ekor/350m2), Parupeneus bifasciatus (4,6 ekor/350m2). Rata-rata kelimpahan ikan karang tertinggi 0,46 individu/m2 dan terendah 0,06 individu/m2. Rata-rata biomassa ikan karang 81,2 kg/350m2 dan terendah 4,69 kg/350m2. Ikan karang target tersedia 1.126 kg per hektar. Reef fish diversity and abundance are good indicators to assess early for impacts on coral reefs ecosystem resulted from human activities living in the adjacent waters of the Gili Matra Tourism Marine Park. The study objective is to identify reef fish resources with regards to species deversity, density, composition and biomass of reef fish functional groups. The work was carried out in September 2014 with a census visual method. Body weight is derived from putting in fish length to weight-length formula (W=aLb). The results show that there were at least 27 species of coralivorous fishes and 84 species of target fish belong to 16 families. There were 36 herbivorous fishes of three families, 43 carnivorous fishes of ten families, and 5 planktivorous fishes of three families. The ten greatest of reef fish biomass were consisted of Ctenochaetus striatus (13 individual/350m2), Mulloidichthys flavolineatus (10.25 individual/350m2), Acanthurus olivaceus (8.4 individual/350m2), Parupeneus multifasciatus (6.5 individual/350m2), Myripristis kuntee (5.5 individual/350m2), Kyphosus cinerascens (5,25 individual/350m2), Lutjanus kasmira (5.13 individual/350m2), Acanthurus leucocheilus (4.9 individual/350m2), Scarus ghobban (4.6 individual/350m2), Parupeneus bifasciatus (4.6 individual/350m2). The abundance of individual reef fish was ranged from the highest of 0.46 individu/m2 to the lowest of 0.06 individual/m2. The biomass of reef fish was ranged from the highest of 81.2 kg/350m2 to the lowest of 4.69 kg/350m2. The target fish was available for 1.126 kg per hectar.

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AbstractProtected Areas (PAs) are spatially representative management tools that impose various levels of protection for conservation purposes. As spatially regulated places, ensuring compliance with the rules represents a key element of effective management and positive conservation outcomes. Wildlife crime, and in particular poaching, is a serious global problem that undermines the success of PAs. This study applies a socio-ecological approach to understanding the opportunity structure of illegal recreational fishing (poaching) in no-take zones in Australia’s Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. We use Boosted Regression Trees to predict the spatio-temporal distribution of poaching risk within no-take Marine National Park zones. The results show that five risk factors account for nearly three quarters (73.6%) of the relative importance for poaching in no-take zones and that temporally varying conditions influence risk across space. We discuss these findings through the theoretical lens of Environmental Criminology and suggest that law enforcement strategies focus on reducing the negative outcomes associated with poaching by limiting the opportunity of would-be offenders to undertake illegal activity.

Abstract. Herwati VE, Elfitasari T, Rismaningsih N, Riyadi PH, Tarangkoon W, Radjasa OK, Windarto S. 2021. Analysis of growth and nutritional quality of sea worms (Nereis virens) as a mass cultured natural feed on different substrate media thicknesses. Biodiversitas 22: 3299-3305. Sea worms (Nereis virens) grow slowly. The thickness of the substrate used in mass culture affects their growth, because N. virens is a deposit feeder that feeds on organic matter provided by other organisms; therefore, the growth rate slows down if the substrate thickness is not suitable. This study aimed to determine and analyze the growth and nutritional quality of N. virens as a natural feed in mass culture at different substrate media thicknesses. This study was conducted at the Marine Science Techno Park (MSTP) UNDIP, Jepara, Central Java. The test animals were two-month-old sea worms, weighing 0.15 to 0.5 g/individual. The maintenance media was the mangrove mud substrate. Feeding was carried out at a fixed feeding rate, twice a day at 07.00 and 19.00 hrs, and the animals were maintained at a density of 45 individuals/L for 35 days. The experimental research method was a completely randomized design with four treatments and three replications: treatment A (media thickness of 4 cm), B (media thickness of 6 cm), C (media thickness of 8 cm), and D (media thickness of 10 cm). The parameters studied were absolute growth, specific growth rate (SGR), efficiency of feed utilization (EFU), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), survival rate (SR), proximate analysis, profile of amino acid and fatty acids. The results showed that the highest absolute weight (6.76 g); SGR (6.34%); EFU (69.73%); FCR (1.36%); PER (1.74%); SR (97.04%); and nutritional quality (55.75% protein, 22.62% fat, 45.66 ppm methionine, and 7.7% eicosapentaenoic acid values were obtained when N. virens was mass-cultured in a medium with a thickness of 8 cm (Treatment C). Thus, the thickness of the media substrate had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the absolute weight, SGR, EFU, FCR, PER, and SR in N. virens.