Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Marine sponges

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Marine sponges”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 4 maja 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Marine sponges"

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Wulff, Janie L. "Ecological interactions of marine sponges". Canadian Journal of Zoology 84, nr 2 (1.02.2006): 146–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z06-019.

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Sponges interact with most other organisms in marine systems as competitors, symbionts, hosts of symbionts, consumers, and prey. Considerable creative energy has been required to study and describe the amazing variety of sponge interactions, as sponges can hide symbionts deep inside, rapidly regenerate wounds from grazers, carry on important associations with unculturable microscopic organisms, and otherwise foil attempts to determine how they are interacting with other organisms. This review of sponge interactions covers (i) competition among sponge species, and between sponges and other sessile organisms; (ii) predation on sponges by sponge specialists and by opportunistic sponge feeders, and aspects of predation such as the importance of nutritional quality, trade-offs between growth and defense against predators, biogeographic patterns in predation, and the advantages of various techniques for studying predation; and (iii) symbiotic associations of sponges with a variety of organisms representing all types of life, and with results ranging from parasitism and disease to mutual benefit. A hint that some generalizations about ecological interactions of sponges may be possible is just becoming evident, as accumulating data appear to show taxonomic and geographic patterns; however, it is also clear that surprises will continue to emerge from every probing new study.
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Freeman, Christopher J., Cole G. Easson i David M. Baker. "Niche structure of marine sponges from temperate hard-bottom habitats within Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 96, nr 2 (10.04.2015): 559–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315415000363.

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Many species of marine sponges on tropical reefs host abundant and diverse symbiont communities capable of varied metabolic pathways. While such communities may confer a nutritional benefit to some hosts (termed High Microbial Abundance (HMA) sponges), other sympatric species host only sparse symbiont communities (termed Low Microbial Abundance (LMA) sponges) and obtain a majority of their C and N from local sources. Sponge communities are widespread across large latitudinal gradients, however, and recent evidence suggests that these symbioses may also extend beyond the tropics. We investigated the role that symbionts play in the ecology of sponges from the temperate, hard-bottom reefs of Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary by calculating the niche size (as standard ellipse area (SEAc)) and assessing the relative placement of five HMA and four LMA sponge species within bivariate (δ13C and δ15N) isotopic space. Although photosymbiont abundance was low across most of these species, sponges were widespread across isotopic niche space, implying that microbial metabolism confers an ecological benefit to temperate sponges by expanding host metabolic capability. To examine how these associations vary across a latitudinal gradient, we also compared the relative placement of temperate and tropical conspecifics within isotopic space. Surprisingly, shifts in sponge δ13C and δ15N values between these regions suggest a reduced reliance on symbiont-derived nutrients in temperate sponges compared with their tropical conspecifics. Despite this, symbiotic sponges in temperate systems likely have a competitive advantage, allowing them to grow and compete for space within these habitats.
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Proksch, P., R. Ebel, R. A. Edrada, P. Schupp, W. H. Lin, V. Wray i K. Steube. "Detection of pharmacologically active natural products using ecology. Selected examples from Indopacific marine invertebrates and sponge-derived fungi". Pure and Applied Chemistry 75, nr 2-3 (1.01.2003): 343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200375020343.

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This review article presents our group's recent research findings with regard to bioactive natural products from marine sponges and tunicates, as well as from sponge derived fungi. The organisms discussed originate in the Indopacific region, which has an exceptionally rich marine biodiversity. Major topics that are covered in our review include the chemical ecology of sponges, focusing on defense against fishes, as well as the isolation and identification of new bioactive constituents from sponges and tunicates. Sponge derived fungi are introduced as an emerging source for new bioactive metabolites, reflecting the currently growing interest in natural products from marine microorganisms.
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Lesser, Michael P. "Size Effects on Pumping Rates in High Microbial versus Low Microbial Abundance Marine Sponges". Oceans 4, nr 4 (30.11.2023): 394–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/oceans4040027.

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Sponges are increasingly recognized as ecologically important on coral reefs as scleractinian corals decline. Most sponge species can be divided into two symbiotic phenotypes which are characterized as high microbial abundance (HMA) or low microbial abundance (LMA) sponges. Sponge species of HMA or LMA symbiotic phenotypes differ not just in their microbiomes, but in other characteristics, including that LMA sponges actively pump at higher rates than HMA sponges based on a standard normalization to size. This dichotomy has recently been questioned because the size range of LMA sponges used to quantify pumping rates during studies on their trophic ecology were exceedingly small, often less than an order of magnitude. Here, both HMA and LMA sponges, across two to three orders of magnitude in sponge volume (mL) or mass (g) were assessed for allometric relationships between sponge size and pumping rates (Q = mL s−1). The scaling analysis of all data sets combined reveals that HMA sponges scale their pumping rates isometrically with size, while LMA sponges scale their pumping rate allometrically. When HMA species are examined separately, however, tropical HMA sponges scaled isometrically, while temperate HMA sponges scaled allometrically. From an ecological perspective, to quantify differences between HMA and LMA sponges for rate functions of interest (e.g., feeding) it is important to remove the effects of size as a covariate, and adjust the Q values of sponges to a standard volume or mass. For multiple species and geographic locations, this analysis shows that LMA sponges always maintain higher Q values. On tropical coral reefs, the differences between HMA and LMA sponges are intrinsic and constrained by strong evolutionary selection resulting in fixed differences in Q, regardless of sponge size.
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Gao, Zheng, Binglin Li, Chengchao Zheng i Guangyi Wang. "Molecular Detection of Fungal Communities in the Hawaiian Marine Sponges Suberites zeteki and Mycale armata". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, nr 19 (1.08.2008): 6091–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01315-08.

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ABSTRACT Symbiotic microbes play a variety of fundamental roles in the health and habitat ranges of their hosts. While prokaryotes in marine sponges have been broadly characterized, the diversity of sponge-inhabiting fungi has barely been explored using molecular approaches. Fungi are an important component of many marine and terrestrial ecosystems, and they may be an ecologically significant group in sponge-microbe interactions. This study tested the feasibility of using existing fungal primers for molecular analysis of sponge-associated fungal communities. None of the eight selected primer pairs yielded satisfactory results in fungal rRNA gene or internal transcribed spacer (ITS) clone library constructions. However, 3 of 10 denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) primer sets, which were designed to preferentially amplify fungal rRNA gene or ITS regions from terrestrial environmental samples, were successfully amplified from fungal targets in marine sponges. DGGE analysis indicated that fungal communities differ among different sponge species (Suberites zeteki and Mycale armata) and also vary between sponges and seawater. Sequence analysis of DGGE bands identified 23 and 21 fungal species from each of the two sponge species S. zeteki and M. armata, respectively. These species were representatives of 11 taxonomic orders and belonged to the phyla of Ascomycota (seven orders) and Basidiomycota (four orders). Five of these taxonomic orders (Malasseziales, Corticiales, Polyporales, Agaricales, and Dothideomycetes et Chaetothyriomcetes incertae sedis) have now been identified for the first time in marine sponges. Seven and six fungal species from S. zeteki and M. armata, respectively, are potentially new species because of their low sequence identity (≤98%) with their references in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis indicated sponge-derived sequences were clustered into “marine fungus clades” with those from other marine habitats. This is the first report of molecular analysis of fungal communities in marine sponges, adding depth and dimension to our understanding of sponge-associated microbial communities.
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Mohanty, Ipsita, Sheila Podell, Jason S. Biggs, Neha Garg, Eric E. Allen i Vinayak Agarwal. "Multi-Omic Profiling of Melophlus Sponges Reveals Diverse Metabolomic and Microbiome Architectures that Are Non-overlapping with Ecological Neighbors". Marine Drugs 18, nr 2 (19.02.2020): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18020124.

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Marine sponge holobionts, defined as filter-feeding sponge hosts together with their associated microbiomes, are prolific sources of natural products. The inventory of natural products that have been isolated from marine sponges is extensive. Here, using untargeted mass spectrometry, we demonstrate that sponges harbor a far greater diversity of low-abundance natural products that have evaded discovery. While these low-abundance natural products may not be feasible to isolate, insights into their chemical structures can be gleaned by careful curation of mass fragmentation spectra. Sponges are also some of the most complex, multi-organismal holobiont communities in the oceans. We overlay sponge metabolomes with their microbiome structures and detailed metagenomic characterization to discover candidate gene clusters that encode production of sponge-derived natural products. The multi-omic profiling strategy for sponges that we describe here enables quantitative comparison of sponge metabolomes and microbiomes to address, among other questions, the ecological relevance of sponge natural products and for the phylochemical assignment of previously undescribed sponge identities.
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HADI, TRI ARYONO, MUHAMMAD HAFIZT, HADIYANTO HADIYANTO, AGUS BUDIYANTO i RIKOH MANOGAR SIRINGORINGO. "Shallow water sponges along the south coast of Java, Indonesia". Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 19, nr 2 (1.03.2018): 485–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190223.

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Hadi TA, Hafizt M, Hadiyanto, Budiyanto A, Siringoringo RM. 2018. Shallow water sponges along the south coast of Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 485-493. Sponges are the most diverse benthic filter feeders, occupying many different types of marine habitat. The south coast of Java is one such marine habitat, very exposed to the open sea. This study investigated the sponge diversity as well as their morphological characters across the south coast of Java. The observations were carried out from 2011 to 2016 in four different locations, including Pamang Peuk, Gunungkidul, Prigi Bay and Bayuwangi. The study found 96 sponge species, from 15 orders, and described them in terms of nine morphological characters. The most common species included Spheciospongia inconstans, Stylissa massa, Callyspongia sp. and Cinachyrella australiensis, while the most common growth forms were massive and encrusting, accounting respectively for 34.4% and 28.1% of the total number of species. There was a significant difference in the number of species found between sub-tidal and intertidal habitats; subtidal sponges were approximately 50% more diverse than intertidal sponges. Apart from the habitat types, the number of sponges varied in relation to the longitude; east Java had more sponge species with more variations in morphology compared to central and west Java. Encrusting and globular growth forms were the most common characteristics of intertidal sponges in west and central Java, while other growth forms comprised the diverse characteristics of the subtidal sponges in the east Java. This baseline information is essential for management of marine biodiversity hotspots in taking decisions for marine life conservation, because the global trajectory of marine habitat degradation is predicted to rise.
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Paul, Valerie J., Christopher J. Freeman i Vinayak Agarwal. "Chemical Ecology of Marine Sponges: New Opportunities through “-Omics”". Integrative and Comparative Biology 59, nr 4 (27.04.2019): 765–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icz014.

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Abstract The chemical ecology and chemical defenses of sponges have been investigated for decades; consequently, sponges are among the best understood marine organisms in terms of their chemical ecology, from the level of molecules to ecosystems. Thousands of natural products have been isolated and characterized from sponges, and although relatively few of these compounds have been studied for their ecological functions, some are known to serve as chemical defenses against predators, microorganisms, fouling organisms, and other competitors. Sponges are hosts to an exceptional diversity of microorganisms, with almost 40 microbial phyla found in these associations to date. Microbial community composition and abundance are highly variable across host taxa, with a continuum from diverse assemblages of many microbial taxa to those that are dominated by a single microbial group. Microbial communities expand the nutritional repertoire of their hosts by providing access to inorganic and dissolved sources of nutrients. Not only does this continuum of microorganism–sponge associations lead to divergent nutritional characteristics in sponges, these associated microorganisms and symbionts have long been suspected, and are now known, to biosynthesize some of the natural products found in sponges. Modern “omics” tools provide ways to study these sponge–microbe associations that would have been difficult even a decade ago. Metabolomics facilitate comparisons of sponge compounds produced within and among taxa, and metagenomics and metatranscriptomics provide tools to understand the biology of host–microbe associations and the biosynthesis of ecologically relevant natural products. These combinations of ecological, microbiological, metabolomic and genomics tools, and techniques provide unprecedented opportunities to advance sponge biology and chemical ecology across many marine ecosystems.
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Uy, Mylene. "ID2017 Cytotoxic activities of Philippine marine sponges against colon cancer cells". Biomedical Research and Therapy 4, S (5.09.2017): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15419/bmrat.v4is.260.

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Although the diversity of life in the terrestrial environment is exceptional, the greatest biodiversity is in the marine environment. Among the marine organisms, the sponges (Porifera) are the most prolific sources of bioactive secondary metabolites. The Philippines, with its long coastal lines, has drawn on its marine capital only to a small extent. Only a few marine organisms (ascidians, sponges, other marine invertebrates and their associated microorganisms) collected from various parts of the Philippines have been documented and investigated in terms of their potential as source of bioactive secondary metabolites, particularly anticancer compounds. Thirty-seven sponges from the coasts off Mindanao, Philippines were collected, identifies and extracted to give a total of seventy-four polar and nonpolar extracts. The corresponding sponge extracts were screened for the sponge extracts were investigated for cytotoxicity towards colon cell lines (HCT116) using the the tetrazolium dye (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide) [MTTmethod. The results indicated fifteen (15) sponge extracts to be active at 100- microgram/mL concentration among which seven (7) were still active at 10 microgram/mL while two (2) still exhibited activity at 1 microgram/mL. Further investigation of the active sponge extracts is currently in progress
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Cuc, Nguyen Thi Kim, Ton That Huu Dat, Tran Thi Hong i Pham Viet Cuong. "Phylogenetic diversity of microorganisms associated with three marine sponges from Mien Trung sea of Vietnam". Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 55, nr 2 (17.04.2017): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-708x/55/2/8577.

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Using culture - independent technique, hypervariable V4 region of 16S rDNA library sequencing by MiSEq, the baterial communities of three host sponges Rhabdastrella sp. DN, Spheciospongia sp. QT and Clathria sp. NT from Mien Trung sea were characterized. The phylogenetic analysis showed that bacterial community structures of the three investigated sponges similar to each other regarding 10 common phyla, although abundance of these phyla was different for each sponge. Phylum Thaumarchaeota was rich component for three sponges, especially in NT sponge (31.89%). In this sponge, 3 phyla Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia and Firmicutes were undetected in other 2 sponge samples. Phyla Cyanobacteria was observed only in DN sponge. The obtained amplicons were assigned in different taxonomic levels (class, order, family and genus) based on Silva database. At class level, Gammaproteobacteria was abundant in three sponges; and Caldilineae, Marine-group I were dominant in DN; mealwile, in QT other dominant classes were Marine-group I and Betaproteobacteria. For NT, they were Cytophaga and Deferribacteres. In general, all three sponges harbored abundant and genetically diverse microbial associated consortia and they shared several common bacterial operational taxonomic units, although with different abundance.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Marine sponges"

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Kalaitzis, John Alexander. "Chemical Investigations of Australian Marine Sponges". Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365493.

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This thesis describes the isolation and structure elucidation of a series of natural products from six different marine sponges collected from Australian waters. A total of nineteen sponge metabolites were isolated, four of which had not been reported previously. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. An investigation into two sponges from the Adocia genus revealed a series of novel compounds related to the proton pump inhibitor adociasulfate 1 (3.22). Adociasulfates 7 (3.24) and 8 (3.25), along with adociasulfate 1 were isolated from an Adocia aculeata collected from Lizard Island. Another sample of Adocia aculeata collected from Cormorant Pass, North Great Barrier Reef, yielded adociasulfates 5 (3.23) and 9 (3.26). In the course of the study it was found that the adociasulfates were present only in the extracts of Adocia aculeata samples and not other Adocia species, thus revealing a possible chemotaxonomical relationship. The investigation of three sponges, whose extracts showed inhibition of [3H]DPCPX binding to rat-brain adenosine A1 receptors, yielded ten compounds, one of which was novel. An investigation into a Pseudoceratina sp. collected from Swain Reefs, Queensland resulted in the isolation of the new bromotyrosine derived ianthesine E (4.24) and the known related compounds aerothionin (4.20), 11-hydroxyaerothionin (4.21), 19-deoxyfistularin 3 (4.22), and 11,19-dideoxyfistularin 3 (4.23). Aerothionin was found to be the most active of this series of compounds, inhibiting 67% binding of [3H]DPCPX at 100 ìM. Interpretation of HMBC NMR spectra of these compounds and comparison with data reported previously for related bromotyrosine compounds revealed that some data in the literature had been misassigned. Investigations into a Xestospongia pacifica and a Phakellia flabellata collected from Swain Reefs resulted in the isolation of a series of five known metabolites. Debromohymenialdsine (4.71) was isolated from Phakellia flabellata and was found to be the most effective inhibitor of [3H]DPCPX binding (79% at 100ìM) to the adenosine A1 receptor of all of the compounds tested as part of this research. Also isolated from this sponge were aldisine (4.69) and norzooanemonin (4.70). 1,3-dimethylguanine (4.48) was isolated from Xestospongia pacifica, and this compound showed 61% inhibition of [3H]DPCPX binding to the adenosine A1 receptor at 100ìM. N-methyltaurine (4.55) was also isolated from this sponge in a crystalline form. The XRD analysis of the crystal revealed extensive hydrogen bonding interactions between the amine H atoms and sulfonyl O atoms in the zwitterionic molecule. Chemical investigation of a Mycale sp. collected from Stephen's Rock, Darwin, Northern Territory resulted in the isolation of the nucleosides uridine (5.13), 2'- deoxyuridine (5.14), 2'-deoxyinosine (5.16) and the pyrimidine base thymine (5.15). Uridine and 2-deoxyinosine were tested for inhibition of [3H]DPCPX binding to adenosine A1 receptors. Uridine inhibited 45% of binding at 100ìM while 2- deoxyinosine inhibited 34% binding at the same concentration. Cytotoxicity screening of the sponge metabolites against the HeLa cell line revealed that 11,19-dideoxyfistularin-3 with an EC50 of 2.6 ìM was the most potent cytotoxin of all of the compounds isolated. Aerothionin was the next potent with an EC50 of 42 ìM while adociasulfate 8 was found to be the most cytotoxic of the four adociasulfates screened with an EC50 of 68 ìM.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies
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Mokhlesi, Amin [Verfasser]. "Natural Products from Marine Sponges / Amin Mokhlesi". Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1154306984/34.

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Park, Young Chul. "Chemical Investigation of Three Antarctic Marine Sponges". Scholar Commons, 2004. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1190.

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This thesis describes the chemical investigation of three marine sponges from Antarctica and the total syntheses of natural products erebusinone (12) and its derivative, erebusinonamine (52). Investigation of the yellow Antarctic marine sponge Isodictya setifera resulted in the isolation of two secondary metabolites, purine analog (32) and 3-hydroxykynurenine (24). Chemical investigation of Isodictya setifera led to the isolation of six secondary metabolites which included 5-methyl-2-deoxycytidine (25), uridine (28), 2-deoxycytidine (31), homarine (37), hydroxyquinoline (33), 3-hydroxykynurenine (24). The latter two compounds were found to be intermediates of tryptophan catabolism in crustaceans. From the Antarctic marine sponge Isodictya antractica ceramide analog (39) was isolated and its chemical structure was assigned by a combination of spectroscopic and chemical analyses. Stereochemistry was determined by modified Mosher's method. Erebusinone (12), a yellow pigment isolated from the Antarctic marine sponge Isodictya erinacea has been implicated in molt inhibition and mortality against the Antarctic crustacean amphipod, Orchomene plebs, possibly serving as a precursor of a xanthurenic acid analog. Thought to act as a 3-hydroxykynurenine 24 mimic, erebusinone (12) may be involved chemical defense. This appears to be the first example in the marine realm of an organism utilizing tryptophan catabolism to modulate molting as a defensive mechanism. To further investigate the bioactivity and ecological role of erebusinone (12), the synthesis of this pigment was carried out in an overall yield of 44% involving seven steps which were economical and convenient. Erebusinonamine (52) was also similarly synthesized in eight steps with an overall yield of 45%.
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Gautschi, Jeffrey T. "Marine natural products from sponges and deep water, marine-derived fungi /". Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Roper, Kathrein Elizabeth. "Cellular and molecular targets of allelochemicals from marine sponges /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19101.pdf.

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Tabudravu, Jioji N. "Investigations of secondary metabolites from Fijian marine sponges". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2001. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU602042.

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The following thesis presents results from investigations of marine natural products. It is divided into 7 chapters consisting of an introduction, five chapters examining the metabolites from Fijian marine sponges and one chapter examining the secondary metabolites from the medicinal plant, kava {Piper methysticum). Two new psammaplins (psammaplin K and L), a new isomalabaricane triterpene monosaccharide, two new bromotyrosine alkaloids (purealidin S and purpureamine J) and two new cyclic peptides (axinellin C and wainunuamide), a new conformer of phakellistatin 2 together with other known secondary metabolites were isolated from marine sponges. The new conformer of phakellistatin 2 was observed to adopt another conformation in CDCI3. Psammaplin A was found to inhibit chitinase from a Bacillus sp. and Serratia marcescens. The mode of activity was investigated by enzyme reaction kinetics and supported by X-ray crystallography. A new isomer of flavokavain A, woflavokavain A was isolated from kava, together with 7 known compounds. Solution conformations of axinellin C, jasplakinolide, phakellistatin 2 and its two conformers were generated using nOe restrained molecular modelling techniques.
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Schmidt, Eric Whitney. "Marine sponges and symbionts : chemical and biological studies /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3035433.

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BASSOTTI, ELISA. "Heavy metals in marine organisms. Mediterranean and Antarctic marine sponges and bivalves". Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242161.

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Kim, Tae Kyung. "Bioactive compound-producing symbiotic bacteria from marine sponge species : cultural, gene retrieval, and metagenomic studies /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19506.pdf.

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Antunes, Edith Martins. "Pyrroloiminoquinone metabolites from South African Latrunculid sponges". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2003. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/215/.

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Książki na temat "Marine sponges"

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Rake, Jody Sullivan. Sponges. Mankato, Minn: Pebble Books, 2006.

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Sponges. New York: PowerKids Press, 2015.

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Esbensen, Barbara Juster. Sponges are skeletons. New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers, 1993.

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Sarma, Aluru S. Secondary metabolites from marine sponges. Berlin: Ullstein Mosby, 1993.

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Pallela, Ramjee, i Hermann Ehrlich, red. Marine Sponges: Chemicobiological and Biomedical Applications. New Delhi: Springer India, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2794-6.

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Pattanayak, J. G. Marine sponges of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Kolkata: Zoological Survey of India, 2006.

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Santhanam, Ramasamy, Santhanam Ramesh i Anbu Jeba Sunilson. Biology and Ecology of Pharmaceutical Marine Sponges. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2018.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351132473.

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Lambe, Lawrence M. Catalogue of the recent marine sponges of Canada and Alaska. [S.l: s.n., 1987.

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Lambe, Lawrence M. Catalogue of the recent marine sponges of Canada and Alaska. [S.l: s.n., 1987.

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service), SpringerLink (Online, red. The Comparative Embryology of Sponges. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2010.

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Części książek na temat "Marine sponges"

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Cortés, Jorge, Noam Van Der Hal i R. W. M. Van Soest. "Sponges". W Marine Biodiversity of Costa Rica, Central America, 137–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8278-8_9.

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Hentschel, U., L. Fieseler, M. Wehrl, C. Gernert, M. Steinert, J. Hacker i M. Horn. "Microbial Diversity of Marine Sponges". W Sponges (Porifera), 59–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55519-0_3.

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Borchiellini, C., C. Chombard, B. Lafay i N. Boury-Esnault. "Molecular systematics of sponges (Porifera)". W Marine Genetics, 15–27. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2184-4_2.

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Lavrov, Andrey I., i Alexander V. Ereskovsky. "Studying Porifera WBR Using the Calcerous Sponges Leucosolenia". W Methods in Molecular Biology, 69–93. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2172-1_4.

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AbstractSponges (Porifera), basal nonbilaterian metazoans, are well known for their high regenerative capacities ranging from reparation of a lost body wall to whole-body regeneration from a small piece of tissues or even from dissociated cells. Sponges from different clades utilize different cell sources and various morphological processes to complete the regeneration. This variety makes these animals promising models for studying the evolution of regeneration in Metazoa. However, there are few publications concerning the regenerative mechanisms in sponges. This could be partially explained by the delicacy of sponge tissues, which requires modifying and fine adjusting of common research protocols. The current chapter describes various methods for studying regeneration processes in the marine calcareous sponge, Leucosolenia. Provided protocols span all significant research steps: from sponge collection and surgical operations to various types of microscopy and immunohistochemical studies.
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Brümmer, F., i M. Nickel. "Sustainable Use of Marine Resources: Cultivation of Sponges". W Sponges (Porifera), 143–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55519-0_6.

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Proksch, P., R. Ebel, R. A. Edrada, V. Wray i K. Steube. "Bioactive Natural Products from Marine Invertebrates and Associated Fungi". W Sponges (Porifera), 117–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55519-0_5.

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Manjari Mishra, Pravat, Ayinampudi Sree i Prasanna K. Panda. "Fatty Acids of Marine Sponges". W Hb25_Springer Handbook of Marine Biotechnology, 851–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53971-8_36.

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Ebada, Sherif S., i Peter Proksch. "The Chemistry of Marine Sponges∗". W Handbook of Marine Natural Products, 191–293. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3834-0_4.

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Singh, Keisham S., i Mahesh S. Majik. "Bioactive Alkaloids from Marine Sponges". W Marine Sponges: Chemicobiological and Biomedical Applications, 257–86. New Delhi: Springer India, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2794-6_12.

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Sharma, Sushrut, Renesha Srivastava, Ananya Srivastava, Pawan Kumar Maurya i Pranjal Chandra. "Biomedical Potential of Marine Sponges". W Marine Sponges: Chemicobiological and Biomedical Applications, 329–40. New Delhi: Springer India, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2794-6_16.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Marine sponges"

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Sairi, Fareed, Hamidah Idris, Nur Syuhana Zakaria, Gires Usup i Asmat Ahmad. "Preliminary study on swarming marine bacteria isolated from Pulau Tinggi’s sponges". W THE 2015 UKM FST POSTGRADUATE COLLOQUIUM: Proceedings of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Science and Technology 2015 Postgraduate Colloquium. AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4931256.

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Henriques, Bruno, Maria Lapo, Joana Sousa, Daniela Tavares, Thainara Viana, Nicole Ferreira, João Pinto i Eduarda Pereira. "Removal of Rare Earths from Contaminated Water by Natural Marine Sponges: Optimization by Response Surface Methodology". W The 8th World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering. Avestia Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/iceptp23.188.

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Mayefis, Delladari, Nur Kamilah Idzan i Yunisa Friscia Yusri. "Anti-inflammatory Activities of Gel Extract Marine Sponges (Axinella Carteri) to White Mice Male". W 2nd International Conference on Contemporary Science and Clinical Pharmacy 2021 (ICCSCP 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.211105.012.

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Artanti, Nina, Nurna Ningsih, Abd Rahman Razak, Hani Mulyani, Anastasia Fitria Devi i Euis Filaila. "Effect of salt concentration on the bioactivities of the ethyl acetate extract of Bacillus thuringiensis isolated from marine sponges". W PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INNOVATIVE BIOPRODUCTION INDONESIA ON BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING 2022: Strengthening Bioeconomy through Applied Biotechnology, Bioengineering, and Biodiversity. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0183246.

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Hood, Seana C., i Kathleen A. Ritterbush. "PALEOECOLOGY OF SILICEOUS SPONGES IN COASTAL MARINE SETTINGS ALONG WESTERN PANGEA USING DEPOSITIONAL MODELS FROM PERMIAN CHERTS OF NORTHWESTERN UTAH". W Rocky Mountain Section - 69th Annual Meeting - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017rm-293157.

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Marolt, Samuel D., i Lydia S. Tackett. "STRONTIUM ISOTOPE EXCURSIONS, SILICEOUS SPONGES, AND SILICIFIED CARBONATE MICROFOSSILS ACROSS THE NORIAN-RHAETIAN BOUNDARY IN SHALLOW MARINE DEPOSITS OF PANTHALASSA (LATE TRIASSIC, NEW YORK CANYON, NV)". W GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-298459.

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Bakhtra, Dwi Dinni Aulia, Yanwirasti, Fatma Sri Wahyuni i Dian Handayani. "Cytotoxic activity of marine sponge-derived fungus penicillium citrinum Xt6". W 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF BIO-BASED ECONOMY FOR APPLICATION AND UTILITY. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0127872.

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O’Hagan, Joshua, Andrew Chalmers i Taehyun Rhee. "Simulating the Geometric Growth of the Marine Sponge Crella Incrustans". W 2023 IEEE Visualization and Visual Analytics (VIS). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vis54172.2023.00032.

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Maarisit, Wilmar, Sonny D. Untu, Yessie K. Lengkey, Jeane Mongi, Jabes W. Kanter, Douglas N. Pareta, Christel N. Sambou i in. "The characterization of anti-tuberculosis substances from Indonesian marine sponge Haliclona sp." W THE 7TH BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING’S RECENT PROGRESS IN BIOMATERIALS, DRUGS DEVELOPMENT, AND MEDICAL DEVICES: The 15th Asian Congress on Biotechnology in conjunction with the 7th International Symposium on Biomedical Engineering (ACB-ISBE 2022). AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0200240.

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Marzuki, Ismail, Selfina Gala, Irham Pratama, Erniati, Natsar Desi, Andi Emelda i Rakhmad Armus. "Biodegradation performance of marine sponge symbiont isolate consortium against polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon components". W THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BASIC SCIENCES 2021 (ICBS 2021). AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0111686.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Marine sponges"

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Tweet, Justin, Holley Flora, Summer Weeks, Eathan McIntyre i Vincent Santucci. Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument: Paleontological resource inventory (public version). National Park Service, grudzień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2289972.

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Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument (PARA) in northwestern Arizona has significant paleontological resources, which are recognized in the establishing presidential proclamation. Because of the challenges of working in this remote area, there has been little documentation of these resources over the years. PARA also has an unusual management situation which complicates resource management. The majority of PARA is administered by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM; this land is described here as PARA-BLM), while about 20% of the monument is administered by the National Park Service (NPS; this land is described here as PARA-NPS) in conjunction with Lake Mead National Recreation Area (LAKE). Parcels of state and private land are scattered throughout the monument. Reports of fossils within what is now PARA go back to at least 1914. Geologic and paleontologic reports have been sporadic over the past century. Much of what was known of the paleontology before the 2020 field inventory was documented by geologists focused on nearby Grand Canyon National Park (GRCA) and LAKE, or by students working on graduate projects; in either case, paleontology was a secondary topic of interest. The historical record of fossil discoveries in PARA is dominated by Edwin McKee, who reported fossils from localities in PARA-NPS and PARA-BLM as part of larger regional projects published from the 1930s to the 1980s. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has mapped the geology of PARA in a series of publications since the early 1980s. Unpublished reports by researchers from regional institutions have documented paleontological resources in Quaternary caves and rock shelters. From September to December 2020, a field inventory was conducted to better understand the scope and distribution of paleontological resources at PARA. Thirty-eight localities distributed across the monument and throughout its numerous geologic units were documented extensively, including more than 420 GPS points and 1,300 photos, and a small number of fossil specimens were collected and catalogued under 38 numbers. In addition, interviews were conducted with staff to document the status of paleontology at PARA, and potential directions for future management, research, protection, and interpretation. In geologic terms, PARA is located on the boundary of the Colorado Plateau and the Basin and Range provinces. Before the uplift of the Colorado Plateau near the end of the Cretaceous 66 million years ago, this area was much lower in elevation and subject to flooding by shallow continental seas. This led to prolonged episodes of marine deposition as well as complex stratigraphic intervals of alternating terrestrial and marine strata. Most of the rock formations that are exposed in the monument belong to the Paleozoic part of the Grand Canyon section, deposited between approximately 510 and 270 million years ago in mostly shallow marine settings. These rocks have abundant fossils of marine invertebrates such as sponges, corals, bryozoans, brachiopods, bivalves, gastropods, crinoids, and echinoids. The Cambrian–Devonian portion of the Grand Canyon Paleozoic section is represented in only a few areas of PARA. The bulk of the Paleozoic rocks at PARA are Mississippian to Permian in age, approximately 360 to 270 million years old, and belong to the Redwall Limestone through the Kaibab Formation. While the Grand Canyon section has only small remnants of younger Mesozoic rocks, several Mesozoic formations are exposed within PARA, mostly ranging in age from the Early Triassic to the Early Jurassic (approximately 252 to 175 million years ago), as well as some middle Cretaceous rocks deposited approximately 100 million years ago. Mesozoic fossils in PARA include marine fossils in the Moenkopi Formation and petrified wood and invertebrate trace fossils in the Chinle Formation and undivided Moenave and Kayenta Formations.
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Shaw, J., i D. G. Lintern. Marine geology, geomorphology of Chatham Sound, British Columbia, parts of NTS 103-G, H, I, and J. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329405.

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This map depicts the geomorphology of the Chatham Sound area, British Columbia, and is based on bathymetry and backscatter data from multibeam sonar surveys, complemented by 3.5 kHz subbottom profiler data, grab samples, cores, and bottom photographs. The map encompasses three physiographic areas: 1) the easternmost portion of Dogfish Banks; 2) the north-south oriented Hecate trough; and 3) the maze of channels and inlets east of Hecate trough. The morphological and textural complexity reflects the underlying bedrock, glacial history, a complex pattern of postglacial relative sea-level change, and modern oceanographic processes. Hexactinellid sponge reefs are a significant component of the seafloor mosaic. The criteria for reef identification were positive relief, low backscatter strength, and acoustic transparency.
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Barrie, J. V. Mineral resource assessment of the Pacific Margin sponge reef areas of interest. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/291498.

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Hannigan, P. K., i J. R. Dietrich. Petroleum resource potential of the Hecate Strait / Queen Charlotte Sound Glass Sponge Reef areas of interest, Pacific Margin of Canada. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/291497.

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King, E. L., A. Normandeau, T. Carson, P. Fraser, C. Staniforth, A. Limoges, B. MacDonald, F. J. Murrillo-Perez i N. Van Nieuwenhove. Pockmarks, a paleo fluid efflux event, glacial meltwater channels, sponge colonies, and trawling impacts in Emerald Basin, Scotian Shelf: autonomous underwater vehicle surveys, William Kennedy 2022011 cruise report. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331174.

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A short but productive cruise aboard RV William Kennedy tested various new field equipment near Halifax (port of departure and return) but also in areas that could also benefit science understanding. The GSC-A Gavia Autonomous Underwater Vehicle equipped with bathymetric, sidescan and sub-bottom profiler was successfully deployed for the first time on Scotian Shelf science targets. It surveyed three small areas: two across known benthic sponge, Vazella (Russian Hat) within a DFO-directed trawling closure area on the SE flank of Sambro Bank, bordering Emerald Basin, and one across known pockmarks, eroded cone-shaped depression in soft mud due to fluid efflux. The sponge study sites (~ 150 170 m water depth) were known to lie in an area of till (subglacial diamict) exposure at the seabed. The AUV data identified gravel and cobble-rich seabed, registering individual clasts at 35 cm gridded resolution. A subtle variation in seabed texture is recognized in sidescan images, from cobble-rich on ridge crests and flanks, to limited mud-rich sediment in intervening troughs. Correlation between seabed topography and texture with the (previously collected) Vazella distribution along two transects is not straightforward. However there may be a preference for the sponge in the depressions, some of which have a thin but possibly ephemeral sediment cover. Both sponge study sites depict a hereto unknown morphology, carved in glacial deposits, consisting of a series of discontinuous ridges interpreted to be generated by erosion in multiple, continuous, meandering and cross-cutting channels. The morphology is identical to glacial Nye, or mp;lt;"N-mp;lt;"channels, cut by sub-glacial meltwater. However their scale (10 to 100 times mp;lt;"typicalmp;gt;" N-channels) and the unique eroded medium, (till rather than bedrock), presents a rare or unknown size and medium and suggests a continuum in sub-glacial meltwater channels between much larger tunnel valleys, common to the eastward, and the bedrock forms. A comparison is made with coastal Nova Scotia forms in bedrock. The Emerald Basin AUV site, targeting pockmarks was in ~260 to 270 m water depth and imaged eight large and one small pockmark. The main aim was to investigate possible recent or continuous fluid flux activity in light of ocean acidification or greenhouse gas contribution; most accounts to date suggested inactivity. While a lack of common attributes marking activity is confirmed, creep or rotational flank failure is recognized, as is a depletion of buried diffuse methane immediately below the seabed features. Discovery of a second, buried, pockmark horizon, with smaller but more numerous erosive cones and no spatial correlation to the buried diffuse gas or the seabed pockmarks, indicates a paleo-event of fluid or gas efflux; general timing and possible mechanisms are suggested. The basinal survey also registered numerous otter board trawl marks cutting the surficial mud from past fishing activity. The AUV data present a unique dataset for follow-up quantification of the disturbance. Recent realization that this may play a significant role in ocean acidification on a global scale can benefit from such disturbance quantification. The new pole-mounted sub-bottom profiler collected high quality data, enabling correlation of recently recognized till ridges exposed at the seabed as they become buried across the flank and base of the basin. These, along with the Nye channels, will help reconstruct glacial behavior and flow patterns which to date are only vaguely documented. Several cores provide the potential for stratigraphic dating of key horizons and will augment Holocene environmental history investigations by a Dalhousie University student. In summary, several unique features have been identified, providing sufficient field data for further compilation, analysis and follow-up publications.
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O'Connell, Kelly, David Burdick, Melissa Vaccarino, Colin Lock, Greg Zimmerman i Yakuta Bhagat. Coral species inventory at War in the Pacific National Historical Park: Final report. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302040.

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The War in the Pacific National Historical Park (WAPA), a protected area managed by the National Park Service (NPS), was established "to commemorate the bravery and sacrifice of those participating in the campaigns of the Pacific Theater of World War II and to conserve and interpret outstanding natural, scenic, and historic values on the island of Guam." Coral reef systems present in the park represent a vital element of Guam?s cultural, traditional, and economical heritage, and as such, are precious and in need of conservation. To facilitate the management of these resources, NPS determined that a scleractinian (stony coral) species survey was necessary to establish a baseline for existing coral communities and other important factors for conservation. EnviroScience, Inc. performed a survey of stony coral species, coral habitat, and current evidence of stressors at WAPA?s H?gat and Asan Units in 2022. This report summarizes these findings from a management perspective and compares its findings to previous survey data from 1977 and 1999 (Eldridge et al. 1977; Amesbury et al. 1999). WAPA is located on the tropical island of Guam, located on the west-central coast of the island, and encompasses 2,037 acres. Underwater resources are a significant component of the park, as 1,002 acres consists of water acres. The park is comprised of seven units, of which two of these, the H?gat and Asan Beach Units, include all the oceanic water acres for the park. The H?gat Beach Unit (local spelling, formerly known as ?Agat?) is located at the south-west portion of the park and consists of 38 land acres and 557 water acres (NPS 2003). The Asan Beach Unit consists of 109 acres of land and 445 water acres (NPS 2003). A current baseline for existing coral communities and other important factors for conservation necessitates the need for up-to-date data on the location, presence, relative abundance, and present health of corals. Park managers need this updated data to determine where and how to best focus conservation priorities and identify restoration opportunities. Management actions in park reef areas informed by this inventory included identifying locations where there were: high rates of sedimentation; high coral biomass; rare or threatened species, with a priority given to species endemic to Guam and listed as ?threatened? under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA; Acropora globiceps, A. retusa, A. speciosa, and Seriatopora aculeata); coral persistence and decline, disease and/or nuisance species, including the crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster cf. solaris, ?COTS?) and the sponge Terpios hoshinota; and bleached areas. All work carried out was in accordance with the NPS statement of work (SOW) requirements, which involved a quantitative inventory using both new and pre-existing transects. The resulting transects totaled 61 (including the four from the 1999 study), each measuring 50 meters in length and distributed across depths of up to 50 feet. Divers took photo-quadrat samples covering an area of approximately 9 m?, encompassing 50 photo-quadrats of dimensions 0.50 m x 0.36 m (n=50). The collective area surveyed across all 61 transects amounted to ~549 m?. Additionally, a qualitative search was conducted to enhance documentation of coral species that have limited distribution and might not be captured by transects, along with identifying harmful species and stressors. Timed roving diver coral diversity surveys were carried out at a total of 20 sites occurring within the waters of WAPA, including eight sites at the H?gat unit and 12 sites at the Asan unit. The findings from this report reveal significant disparities in benthic cover compositions between H?gat and Asan units. The H?gat unit exhibits high abundances of turf algae and unconsolidated sediment while the Asan beach unit presents a different scenario, with hard coral as the dominant benthic cover, followed closely by crustose coralline algae (CCA). The Asan unit is also more difficult to access from shore or boat relative to H?gat which provides that unit some protection from human influences. The Asan beach unit's prevalence of hard coral, CCA, and colonizable substrate suggests a more favorable environment for reef growth and the potential benefits of maintaining robust coral cover in the area. These distinct differences in benthic communities highlight the contrasting ecological dynamics and habitats of the two study areas. Across both H?gat and Asan beach unit transects, a total of 56 hard coral species were recorded from 27 genera, with 44 species recorded from the H?gat unit and 48 species recorded from the Asan unit. Of the four historical transects surveyed in the Asan unit from 1999, three experienced declines in percent coral cover (17.38-78.72%), while the fourth had an increase (10.98%). During the timed roving diver coral diversity surveys, a total of 245 hard coral species, including 241 scleractinian coral species representing 49 genera and 4 non-scleractinian coral species representing 4 genera were recorded. Uncertainties related to coral identification, unresolved boundaries between morphospecies, differences in taxonomists' perspectives, and the rapidly evolving state of coral taxonomy have significant implications for species determinations during coral diversity surveys. While the recent surveys have provided valuable insights into coral diversity in WAPA waters, ongoing taxonomic research and collaboration among experts will be essential to obtain a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of coral biodiversity in the region. Of the several ESA coral species that were searched for among the H?gat and Asan beach units, Acropora retusa was the only coral species found among quantitative transects (n=2) and A. globiceps was observed during coral diversity surveys. Acropora speciosa, which was dominant in the upper seaward slopes in 1977, is now conspicuously absent from all the surveys conducted in 2022 (Eldredge et al., 1977). The disappearance and reduction of these once-dominant species underscores the urgency of implementing conservation measures to safeguard the delicate balance of Guam's coral reefs and preserve the diversity and ecological integrity of these invaluable marine ecosystems. Other formerly common or locally abundant species were infrequently encountered during the diversity surveys, including Acropora monticulosa, A. sp. ?obtusicaulis?, A. palmerae, Stylophora sp. ?mordax?, Montipora sp. ?pagoensis?, and Millepora dichotoma. Significant bleaching-associated mortality was recorded for these species, most of which are restricted to reef front/margin zones exposed to moderate-to-high levels of wave energy. Sedimentation was present in both H?gat and the Asan units, though it was more commonly encountered in H?gat transects. While significant portions of the reef area within the WAPA H?gat unit are in poor condition due to a variety of stressors, some areas still hosted notable coral communities, which should be a potential focus for park management to prevent further degradation. There is a need for more effective management of point source pollution concerns, particularly when subpar wastewater treatment or runoff from areas with potential pollution or sediment-laden water is flowing from nearby terrestrial environments. Future monitoring efforts should aim to establish a framework that facilitates a deeper understanding of potential point source pollution incidents. This would empower park managers to collaborate with adjacent communities, both within and outside of park boundaries, to mitigate the localized impacts of pollution (McCutcheon and McKenna, 2021). COTS were encountered during transect surveys as well as in coral diversity surveys. including along the upper reef front/reef margin at site Agat-CS-2. The frequency of these observations, particularly in the WAPA H?gat unit and where stress-susceptible corals are already uncommonly encountered, raise concern about the ability of the populations of these coral species to recover following acute disturbance events, and calls in to question the ability of some of these species to persist in WAPA waters, and in Guam?s waters more broadly. More frequent crown-of-thorns control efforts, even if only a handful of sea stars are removed during a single effort, may be required to prevent further loss to vulnerable species. There were several documented incidents of Terpios hoshinota covering large sections of branching coral in the reef flat along transects, but it is still unclear how detrimental this sponge is to the overall reef system. There is a concern that elevated levels of organic matter and nutrients in the water, such as those resulting from sewage discharge or stormwater runoff, could lead to increased Terpios populations (De Voogd et al. 2013). Consequently, it is important to track populations in known areas of sedimentation and poor water quality. The presence of unique species at single survey sites within the study areas underscores the ecological importance of certain locations. Some species are known to occur in other locations in Guam, while a few may be limited to specific sites within WAPA waters. These differences are likely influenced by environmental and biological factors such as poor water quality, severe heat stress events, chronic predation by crown-of-thorns sea stars, disease, and reduced herbivore populations. These factors collectively shape the condition of the benthic community, leading to variations in species distribution and abundance across the study sites. Documenting coral stress and identifying potentially harmful species allows for proactive management strategies to prevent the establishment of nuisance or detrimental species while populations are still manageable. Updated data on the location, presence, relative abundance, and health of corals is essential for park managers to prioritize conservation efforts and identify restoration opportunities effectively. Observations from this report raise concerns about the health and resilience of coral ecosystems in the H?gat unit and emphasize the need for knowledge of local factors that shape benthic community structure. Understanding the drivers responsible for these variations is crucial for effective conservation and management strategies to preserve the ecological balance and overall health of coral reefs in both units. Continued monitoring efforts will be critical in assessing long-term trends and changes in benthic cover and enabling adaptive management approaches to safeguard these valuable marine ecosystems in the face of ongoing environmental challenges.
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