Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Marine parks and reserves”
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ГУЛЬБИНА, А. А. "Marine protected waters of the Far East: pages of history". Вестник ДВО РАН, nr 210(2) (27.04.2020): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37102/08697698.2020.210.2.006.
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Показана история создания на Дальнем Востоке России морских охраняемых акваторий федерального и регионального статуса заповедников, национальных парков, заказников. The history of creation of marine protected areas of federal and regional status is shown: reserves, national parks, reserves of the Far Eastern seas.
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Morton, Brian. "Protecting Hong Kong's marine biodiversity: present proposals, future challenges". Environmental Conservation 23, nr 1 (marzec 1996): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689290003825x.
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SummaryPollution from many sources, over-fishing and the rapid development of Hong Kong have had powerful, adverse, impacts upon local marine life reducing it to but a shadow of what it once was. This paper describes Hong Kong's newly enacted Marine Parks Ordinance Chapter 37 1995, discusses the existing situation with regard to the designation of marine parks and reserves, and describes the special features of each one. It argues that a territory-wide strategy will have to be implemented if representative intertidal and coastal water communities are to survive. Coastal zone planning and management need to be among the Hong Kong Government's highest priorities because there are indications that the marine parks and reserves will not be successful. The threats to them are too great. Conservation legislation and coastal planning exercises should also be integrated with those of China as soon as possible, especially for areas of coastline surrounding Hong Kong. This is because development within southern China is proceeding at such a pace that Hong Kong's protected areas are now being threatened by external factors as well as internal ones.
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Dugan, Jenifer E., i Gary E. Davis. "Applications of Marine Refugia to Coastal Fisheries Management". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50, nr 9 (1.09.1993): 2029–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f93-227.
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Marine fisheries refugia, unaltered areas that serve as sources of replenishment, can potentially compensate for recruitment and ecosystem overfishing and enhance fishery yields for some coastal stocks. The efficacy of refugia in fisheries management is virtually untested, despite the existence of many marine parks and reserves. Evidence from existing marine reserves indicates that increased abundance, individual size, reproductive output, and species diversity occurred in a variety of marine species in refuges of various sizes, shapes, and histories in communities ranging from coral reefs to temperate kelp forests. Fishery yield enhancement in areas surrounding refuges occurred in the few studies where yields were examined. The export of propagules required to enhance fisheries in areas surrounding refugia adds a level of complexity to the design of fishery refugia beyond that of terrestrial reserves. Fishery refugia design should consider species life histories, oceanographic regimes, habitat quality, and socioeconomic factors. Further evaluation of existing marine refuges and the investigation of experimental refugia over appropriate time spans will help resolve questions of optimal sizes, shapes, and distribution of fishery refugia.
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Frisch, Ashley J., i Justin R. Rizzari. "Parks for sharks: human exclusion areas outperform no‐take marine reserves". Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 17, nr 3 (31.01.2019): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fee.2003.
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Guo, Ziliang, Weiwei Liu, Manyin Zhang, Yuguang Zhang i Xiaoyu Li. "Transforming the wetland conservation system in China". Marine and Freshwater Research 71, nr 11 (2020): 1469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf19383.
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Wetland conservation has gradually improved worldwide. In situ conservation is effective in protecting valuable wetlands. Here, we review the expansion, reformation and problems associated with wetland conservation in China. The wetland conservation system in China comprises a wetland protected area network (nature reserves, wetland parks, urban wetland parks, aquatic germplasm reserves and special marine reserves) and a wetland grading system. Following rapid expansion, national wetland protected areas cover 4.78% of the country. At the same time, a wetland grading system that categorises the importance of wetlands has expanded to 13 provinces. However, reforming wetlands, including improving the role of wetlands, adjusting departmental responsibility, reforming conservation systems and implementing comprehensive wetland conservation regimes, is somewhat arduous and complicated at present. Although these changes have contributed to wetland conservation in China, the wetland conservation system still faces considerable problems because of a lack of uniform and efficient regulations. Management functions and spatial scope overlap in different systems, and there is a disconnect between resource management and law enforcement. A unified legal system and wetland identity cards should be established, with stronger law enforcement. Synergy between wetland conservation systems should improve, innovative wetland conservation mechanisms should be used and better coordination among different protection systems is needed.
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Espenilla, Jacqueline Joyce F. "Area-Based Marine Protection in the Philippines". Asia-Pacific Journal of Ocean Law and Policy 5, nr 1 (19.06.2020): 99–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24519391-00501006.
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The Philippines has had a long history of using marine protected areas (mpas) to achieve fishery and biodiversity conservation goals. mpas are “clearly defined geographical spaces, recognized, dedicated and managed, through legal or other effective means, to achieve the long-term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values.” Within the scope of these definitions, Philippine mpas have taken the form of “no-take” marine sanctuaries, marine reserves where both extractive and non-extractive activities are allowed but regulated, and marine parks and protected seascapes, where various uses are relegated to defined zones. Interestingly, the country was able to develop a unique legal framework that took into consideration both national and local contexts for marine environmental governance. This article thus aims to shed some light on the Philippine experience, emphasizing the various issues and concerns caused by the unique regulatory and governance set up of the country’s mpas.
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Morton, Brian. "Hong Kong's first Marine Parks and Reserve". Marine Pollution Bulletin 34, nr 2 (luty 1997): 68–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-326x(96)00175-0.
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Navarro, Matthew, Atakelty Hailu, Tim Langlois, Karina L. Ryan, Michael Burton i Marit E. Kragt. "Combining spatial ecology and economics to incorporate recreational fishing into marine spatial planning". ICES Journal of Marine Science 79, nr 1 (20.12.2021): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsab249.
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Abstract Many researchers have pointed to coastal environments and their use for energy production, aquaculture, and conservation as key to solving profound challenges facing humanity. Navigating this transition in ocean space necessitates tools to quantify impacts on displaced marine users, including recreational fishers. In this study, we present a novel method combining spatial ecological models of recreational catch with fine-scale random utility models of site choice to predict the impacts of site closures on recreational fishing experiences (fisher welfare). We demonstrate our approach by modelling data from over 10 000 fishing trips to fine-scale sites across 1500 km of coastline in the south-west of Australia and simulating the effects of no-take marine reserves recently implemented in the Australian Marine Parks. The results show how the combination of random utility modelling with spatial ecological methods provides a powerful tool for investigating recreational fisheries as joint social-ecological systems and incorporating recreational fishing into marine spatial planning.
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Luts, Andrii. "Tourism and recreation within the coastal and marine national natural parks of Ukraine". Constructive geography and rational use of natural resources 3, nr 1 (2023): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2786-4561.2023.3.1-3/9.
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National natural parks are part of the nature reserve fund, the activities of which are limited and regulated, but certain types of tourism and recreation services are possible on their territory. National natural parks of Ukraine, located in the coastal area, can offer a wide range of tourist and recreational services, and taking into account access to the sea and the presence of beaches, they have some advantages compared to many other natural parks of Ukraine located on land. The purpose of the study was to analyze the tourist and recreational potential of coastal and marine national natural parks of Ukraine. National natural parks with access to the sea became the object of the study, and the subject - tourist and recreational activities within their borders. The study of the given problem highlights the factors of tourism development and the regulation of tourist and recreational activities within the national natural parks of Ukraine
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Miller, Marc L., Richard B. Pollnac i Patrick J. Christie. "MPAs AS PROTECTED DESTINATIONS: RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN OUTDOOR RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES, INCLUDING FISHING, AND PERCEPTIONS OF MARINE RESERVES IN PUGET SOUND, WASHINGTON, UNITED STATES". Human Organization 82, nr 4 (17.11.2023): 354–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-82.4.354.
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Over the last several decades, marine protected areas (MPAs)—including reserves, parks, sanctuaries, natural monuments, natural resource management areas, heritage areas, and the like—have proliferated throughout the world. In this conceptual and empirical paper, we explore the diversity and nature of MPAs in Puget Sound, Washington, focusing on outdoor recreational uses. Puget Sound MPAs qualify as marine protected destinations (MPDs) and—when taken together with adjacent gateway regions—constitute protected destination systems (PDSs). Internal PDS dynamics are examined with a human-artifactual-natural system (HANS) framework. A face-to-face social survey (N=1532) of people who frequented Puget Sound marine reserves reveals, among other findings, that (1) a great diversity of recreational activities (and associated hard and soft artifacts) populate the MPAs, (2) type of recreational activity is related to perceptions of MPAs as conservation solutions and symbols, (3) level of education is positively correlated with perceptions of MPAs as conservation solutions, (4) respondents with higher levels of education are less likely to engage in recreational fishing and more likely to recreate on the beach than those with less education, and (5) respondents with higher levels of income are more likely than those with lower incomes to recreate on the water. Looking ahead, recommendations are offered regarding social science research addressing MPA recreation and tourism issues.
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Grip, Kjell, i Sven Blomqvist. "Marine nature conservation and conflicts with fisheries". Ambio 49, nr 7 (20.11.2019): 1328–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01279-7.
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AbstractGlobally, conflicts between marine nature conservation and fishery interests are common and increasing, and there is often a glaring lack of dialogue between stakeholders representing these two interests. There is a need for a stronger and enforced coordination between fishing and conservation authorities when establishing marine protected areas for conservation purposes. We propose that an appropriate instrument for such coordination is a broad ecosystem-based marine spatial planning procedure, representing neither nature conservation nor fishery. Strategic environmental assessment for plans and programmes and environmental impact assessment for projects are commonly used tools for assessing the environmental impacts of different human activities, but are seldom used for evaluating the environmental effects of capture fisheries. The diversity of fisheries and the drastic effects of some fisheries on the environment are strong arguments for introducing these procedures as valuable supplements to existing fisheries assessment and management tools and able to provide relevant environmental information for an overall marine spatial planning process. Marine protected areas for nature conservation and for protection of fisheries have different objectives. Therefore, the legal procedure when establishing marine protected areas should depend on whether they are established for nature conservation purposes or as a fisheries resource management tool. Fishing in a marine protected area for conservation purpose should be regulated according to conservation law. Also, we argue that marine protected areas for conservation purposes, in the highest protection category, should primarily be established as fully protected marine national parks and marine reserves.
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Majid Cooke, Fadzilah, i Sofia Johari. "Positioning of Murut and Bajau identities in state forest reserves and marine parks in Sabah, East Malaysia". Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 50, nr 1 (luty 2019): 129–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463419000171.
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This article, which looks at Indigenous communities in the multiethnic, multicultural region of Sabah, East Malaysia, on the island of Borneo, argues that indigeneity is not primordial, but exists in relation to dominant identities as well as other non-dominant, Indigenous groups. Moreover, Indigenous Peoples are not passive recipients of colonial or even postcolonial Othering: their identity is contextualised and contested within majority–minority relations. The article begins with a brief history of the dominant Kadazandusun nationalism in Sabah, in the context of the overarching Bumiputra policy of Malaysia, which privileges constructed Malayness, as background to the discourses and practices of smaller groups of land-based Murut and the sea-oriented ‘Bajau’, where identity switching is taking place in tandem with environmental justice claims. The land-based communities (Murut) have found leverage in making identity and livelihood claims attached to place (here, state-declared forest reserves that seek to exclude them) in line with the recent global environmental justice focus on participatory conservation rather than the older ‘fortress conservation’ model still dominant in state conservation thinking. However, the sea-oriented peoples (Bajau) require other social symbols than land for making their identity claims, in this instance, via claims to ‘modern’ livelihoods and as managers of marine resources with reference to the newly established Tun Mustapha Park. In Sabah, participatory conservation is being reappropriated by Indigenous Peoples to assert claims about place and /or livelihoods; if bureaucratised, however, this form of conservation might turn out to be less than participatory.
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Roberts, Callum M., Bethan C. O’Leary, Douglas J. McCauley, Philippe Maurice Cury, Carlos M. Duarte, Jane Lubchenco, Daniel Pauly i in. "Marine reserves can mitigate and promote adaptation to climate change". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, nr 24 (5.06.2017): 6167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1701262114.
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Strong decreases in greenhouse gas emissions are required to meet the reduction trajectory resolved within the 2015 Paris Agreement. However, even these decreases will not avert serious stress and damage to life on Earth, and additional steps are needed to boost the resilience of ecosystems, safeguard their wildlife, and protect their capacity to supply vital goods and services. We discuss how well-managed marine reserves may help marine ecosystems and people adapt to five prominent impacts of climate change: acidification, sea-level rise, intensification of storms, shifts in species distribution, and decreased productivity and oxygen availability, as well as their cumulative effects. We explore the role of managed ecosystems in mitigating climate change by promoting carbon sequestration and storage and by buffering against uncertainty in management, environmental fluctuations, directional change, and extreme events. We highlight both strengths and limitations and conclude that marine reserves are a viable low-tech, cost-effective adaptation strategy that would yield multiple cobenefits from local to global scales, improving the outlook for the environment and people into the future.
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Gilbert, Trevor, Tracey Baxter i Alex Spence. "The Australian Oil Spill Response Atlas Project". International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2003, nr 1 (1.04.2003): 851–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2003-1-851.
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ABSTRACT Australia is among the top five shipping nations of the world based upon cargo and kilometres travelled. Australia also has vast, remote and environmentally sensitive coastlines ranging from tropical to subantarctic. Unfortunately shipping accidents and illegal discharges of oil and chemical pollutants into our marine environment do occur. To support spill response management in Australia, over the past four years the Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA) has coordinated the development of a uniform and integrated national Oil Spill Response Atlas (OSRA) based upon an ArcView® geographic information system (GIS). The main aims of the OSRA project were to:Develop a mutually agreed national GIS specification for the development of the digital atlas to assure consistency and compatibility Australia wide;Fast track the collation, capture and conversion of all relevant geographical and textual data into a standard digital GIS format for the majority of Australia's marine and coastal environments (particularly for highly sensitive environments such as, world heritage areas, and marine parks and reserves); andCreate a user-friendly series of GIS system tools specially designed for the particular needs of spill response managers, operational staff and environmental agencies. This paper highlights some of the advantages of GIS based systems for spill response management, the OSRA system development and features, as well as the GIS automation tools that assist spill response managers and operational personnel.
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Ross, Claire L., Ben French, Emily K. Lester, Shaun K. Wilson, Paul B. Day, Michael D. Taylor i Neville Barrett. "Coral Communities on Marginal High-Latitude Reefs in West Australian Marine Parks". Diversity 13, nr 11 (30.10.2021): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13110554.
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Many temperate reefs are experiencing a shift towards a greater abundance of tropical species in response to marine heatwaves and long-term ocean warming worldwide. Baseline data for coral communities growing in high-latitude reefs is required to better understand ecosystem changes over time. In this study, we explore spatial and temporal trends in the distribution of coral communities from 1999 to 2019 at 118 reef sites within the five marine parks located in the south-west of Western Australia (WA) between 30° to 35° S. Our estimates of coral cover were generally low (<5%), except for a few sites in Jurien Bay Marine Park and Rottnest Island Marine Reserve where coral cover was 10% to 30%. Interannual changes in genera assemblages were detected but were not consistent over time, whereas significant temporal increases in coral cover estimates were found at the lowest latitude site in Jurien Bay. Coral assemblages were primarily distinguished by Turbinaria spp. at Marmion Marine Park and Ngari Capes Marine Park, and Pocillopora spp. and Dipsastraea spp. at Rottnest Island and Jurien Bay. Our findings suggest that conditions in south-west WA are favorable to the ongoing survival of existing genera and there were minimal signs of expansion in coral cover at most study sites. Coral cover and composition on these reefs may, however, change with ongoing ocean warming and increased occurrence of marine heatwaves. This study provides a valuable benchmark for assessing future changes in coral assemblages and highlights the need for targeted hard-coral surveys to quantify subtle changes in high-latitude coral community assemblages.
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Adams, William M. "Geographies of conservation III: Nature’s spaces". Progress in Human Geography 44, nr 4 (20.03.2019): 789–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309132519837779.
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There is a rich literature by geographers on the spatial imagination and ambition of conservation, and particularly the long-established strategy of creating protected areas such as national parks. This report highlights five ways in which the spatial ambitions, imaginations and practices of conservation are changing. First, appetite for the expansion of protected areas continues to grow, with proposals for marine reserves and up to half of the earth under protection. Second, substantial intensification of agriculture is proposed to free up land for such expansion, a policy of land sparing. Third, areas being protected are increasingly privately owned, and conservation is serving as a powerful form of legitimization of large-scale private landholding. Fourth, in many countries conservation management is being extended beyond formal protected areas in mosaics of public, private and community land. Fifth, the political and material technologies used to secure conservation territories, like the extension of these territories themselves, raise urgent political ecological questions. Conservation governance physically marks spaces for nature, but also constructs and polices ideas about both nature and society in profound ways, which often go unremarked by conservationists themselves.
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Braga, Elisabete de Santis, Vitor Gonsalez Chiozzini i Chiara Machado Vieira. "Seasonal variation of nutrients and hydrological conditions in the State Marine Park of Laje de Santos (SMPLS) and adjacent continental shelf areas (South Atlantic Ocean - Brazil)". Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 65, nr 4 (grudzień 2017): 628–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592017136806504.
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Abstract Marine parks constitute important areas for the conservation of marine life and the genetic heritage around the world. The creation of such marine parks must be accompanied by careful measures to guarantee the coexistence of natural biota and human activities in these systems. The State Marine Park of Laje de Santos (SMPLS) is so close to an industrial pole and urban area that its creation and maintenance is an example for humanity. However, no program has yet been installed for the monitoring of its biotic and abiotic water parameters. Thus, the objective of this study is to provide hydrological and hydrochemical parameters with emphasis on dissolved nutrients to establish a starting point for the monitoring of these waters. The presence of the South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) in the marine park during the spring and summer sampling periods was evidenced by the observation of low temperatures (< 17ºC) associated with salinity around 35 at the bottom of the water column, indicating a thermohaline feature. The dissolved oxygen presented high values, with few data below 4 mL L-1 occurring at the bottom of the water column. The pH was always in accordance with marine values (~8). Dissolved silicate and phosphate presented high values associated with inputs from the SACW intrusion, continental runoff and bottom resuspension processes, reaching maximum values of 15.86 and 1.23 µmol L-1, respectively. Nitrogen compounds were also associated with a natural fertilization process by the presence of the SACW at the bottom of the water column, as evidenced by the high nitrate concentrations (> 7.00 µmol L-1), while the concentration of N-ammonium (maximum 9.86 µmol L-1) demonstrated a rapid regeneration of the organic matter, mainly in the euphotic zone. Analysis of the data from summer periods revealed an annual difference, showing January 2014 to be drier than January 2015, which influenced the availability of some nutrients and the standard distribution of hydrochemical parameters in this region. The results of the distribution of hydrochemical parameters in the marine park confirms the preserved conditions of the seawater around the Laje de Santos, demonstrated by the excellent water quality, concluding the need to implant monitoring actions based on these reference data to preserve this important reserve of marine life.
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YOUNG, MATTHEW A. L., SIMON FOALE i DAVID R. BELLWOOD. "The last marine wilderness: spearfishing for trophy fishes in the Coral Sea". Environmental Conservation 43, nr 1 (26.08.2015): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892915000272.
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SUMMARYIsolation can provide marine ecosystems with a refuge from human impacts. However, information on the biodiversity, ecology and fisheries of remote regions is often sparse. The proposed Coral Sea Marine Reserve could create one of the world's largest and most remote marine parks, yet little information is available to inform discussions. Fish captures from the Coral Sea and adjacent Great Barrier Reef (GBR) were assessed from reports contained in a chronology of spearfishing publications from 1953 to 2009, and reveal for the first time the history of recreational spearfishing in the Coral Sea. Although the area is perceived as relatively untouched, the data indicate that spearfishers have frequented Coral Sea reefs for at least 43 years and reported captures have increased exponentially. Post-1993 trophy captures in the Coral Sea (mean 23 kg) were larger than the adjacent GBR (9 kg). Reef species characterize the GBR catch, while large pelagic species characterize the Coral Sea catch. Provided that functionally important fishes are not targeted, the relatively small scale of recreational spearfishing and the focus on pelagic species suggests that spearfishing currently exerts limited pressure on the ecology of Coral Sea reefs.
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Morton, Brian. "Hong Kong's biodiversity strategy and action plan, marine parks, reserve and SSSIs. A new era dawns". Marine Pollution Bulletin 116, nr 1-2 (marzec 2017): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02.025.
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Choo, Sandi L., i Tunku B. Halim. "Advancing Sustainable Tourism Development and Its Contribution to Poverty Reduction and Development: Perspective from Malaysia". Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Management 5, nr 1 (31.01.2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.53819/81018102t4032.
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The role of the Malaysian government in promoting sustainable tourism is evident in the existing legal and institutional framework. There is evidence that indicate that Agenda 21 have been adopted in the national master plan. Sustainable Tourism aids in making a minimum impact on the local environment and culture as its essential tourism vision is narrower. Not only that, it helps in generating incomes and bring employment in the local communities while conserving the local ecosystems. The national ecotourism plan in Malaysia was intended to provide a general framework to assist the government in developing the country’s ecotourism potential. Under the plan, the definition of ecotourism follows that of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Ecotourism is defined as responsible travel and visitation to relatively undisturbed natural areas in order to enjoy and appreciate nature that conserves the environment and sustains the well-being of local people. As a result, quite a number of the tourism destinations in Malaysia have been gazetted as terrestrial or marine protected areas in various categories such as forest reserves, wildlife reserves, sanctuaries, wetlands and marine parks. In order to ensure the success of the eco-tourism plans, joint efforts between the various levels of government, the private sector and the local communities were planned and carried out to maximize the economic, socio-cultural and environmental benefits it has to bring. Although Ministry of Culture, Arts and Tourism of Malaysia acts as a single coordinating body to spearhead the overall implementation of the National Eco tourism plan, the Ministry recognizes the imperative role of the private sector and specifies roles for all sectors of Federal, State and Local Authority, private business, NGOs and other players. The tourism industry contributed to economic development through among others, providing employment and business opportunities, infrastructure improvement and increased in foreign exchange and tax revenues. Even though Malaysia is a relatively new entrant into tourism activities as compared to its ASEAN neighbors, the industry has grown tremendously over the years. By 2020, tourism industry is a key foreign exchange earner for Malaysia, contributing to over 42% of the country’s balance of payment. The industry has provides an important source of income, employment and wealth to the country. Keywords: Sustainable tourism, Tourism development, Contribution to poverty reduction, Malaysia.
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Harriott, Vicki J., Simon A. Banks, Roland L. Mau, Darren Richardson i Lisa G. Roberts. "Ecological and conservation significance of the subtidal rocky reef communities of northern New South Wales, Australia". Marine and Freshwater Research 50, nr 4 (1999): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf98042.
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The subtropical rocky reefs of Cook Island, Julian Rocks and the South West Rocks area form part of a chain of islands and reefs with significant coral cover from the Queensland border (28˚S) to the southern extent of extensive coral communities in coastal Australia (31˚S). Benthic communities at 18 subtidal sites at the three localities were surveyed quantitatively by video-transects, and coral species lists were compiled. Twenty-eight coral species previously unrecorded for these localities were identified, increasing the species richness of hermatypic corals reported for the northern NSW region (excluding the Solitary Islands) from 14 to 43. Coral species richness declined with latitude. Benthic communities were generally dominated by turfing and macroalgal species, with Pyura, sponges, and barnacles locally abundant. Scleractinian coral cover ranged from 0% to 42.6% per site, with highest coral cover at the most southern site. Julian Rocks is a designated Aquatic Reserve, and Marine Parks have been suggested for all three localities. Selection of Marine Protected Areas requires information on their ecological significance. These surveys report the first quantitative information on the shallow- water, rocky-reef communities in the region, which is a vital step in assessing their ecological significance.
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Albano, Patricia S., Chris Fallows, Monique Fallows, Olivia Schuitema, Anthony T. F. Bernard, Oliver Sedgwick i Neil Hammerschlag. "Successful parks for sharks: No-take marine reserve provides conservation benefits to endemic and threatened sharks off South Africa". Biological Conservation 261 (wrzesień 2021): 109302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109302.
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Jumin, Robecca, Augustine Binson, Jennifer McGowan, Sikula Magupin, Maria Beger, Christopher J. Brown, Hugh P. Possingham i Carissa Klein. "From Marxan to management: ocean zoning with stakeholders for Tun Mustapha Park in Sabah, Malaysia". Oryx 52, nr 4 (8.05.2017): 775–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605316001514.
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AbstractTun Mustapha Park, in Sabah, Malaysia, was gazetted in May 2016 and is the first multiple-use park in Malaysia where conservation, sustainable resource use and development co-occur within one management framework. We applied a systematic conservation planning tool, Marxan with Zones, and stakeholder consultation to design and revise the draft zoning plan. This process was facilitated by Sabah Parks, a government agency, and WWF-Malaysia, under the guidance of the Tun Mustapha Park steering committee and with support from the University of Queensland. Four conservation and fishing zones, including no-take areas, were developed, each with representation and replication targets for key marine habitats, and a range of socio-economic and community objectives. Here we report on how decision-support tools informed the reserve design process in three planning stages: prioritization, government review, and community consultation. Using marine habitat and species representation as a reporting metric, we describe how the zoning plan changed at each stage of the design process. We found that the changes made to the zoning plan by the government and stakeholders resulted in plans that compromised the achievement of conservation targets because no-take areas were moved away from villages and the coastline, where unique habitats are located. The design process highlights a number of lessons learned for future conservation zoning, which we believe will be useful as many other places embark on similar zoning processes on land and in the sea.
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Aleksandrov, V. M., N. N. Zakirov i A. A. Ponomarev. "PALEOFACIES — BASIS OF RESERVOIR DEVELOPMENT DESIGN". Petroleum Engineering 21, nr 6 (29.12.2023): 116–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/ngdelo-2023-6-116-130.
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Apt-Alb-Cenomanian age rocks (K1a-al + K2s) within the northern part of the West Siberian oil and gas province (OGP) are the main commercial gas production target in the Russian Federation. However, at present there are certain prerequisites and significant reserves to increase the raw hydrocarbon base and gas production in the central regions of Western Siberia. For further study of the geological structure of these sediments in order to assess their oil and gas potential, it is necessary to set up and carry out complex geological, geophysical and special studies (including sedimentological identification of sediments, detailed reconstruction of paleogeographic sedimentation settings, paleofacial analysis of rocks, petrophysical support of the works). This will make it possible to increase the accuracy and reliability of the planned works on oil and gas prospecting and exploration, as well as to carry out a qualitative forecast of the area development of promising complex reservoir rocks, to perform a full calculation of the initial geological reserves of hydrocarbons for a number of new objects (including PK5, PK7, PK8) and to build highquality geological and hydrodynamic models of hydrocarbon deposits necessary for the design of their further development.A detailed analysis of the primary geological and geophysical materials at our disposal has shown that during the formation of the Pokur Formation in the Middle Ob oil and gas bearing area (OGO) there were heterogeneous conditions of sedimentation — from purely continental to coastal-marine. High lithologic and facies heterogeneity of the studied sediments is observed everywhere. These circumstances complicate the processes of detailed correlation in these sediments, and in some cases — unrealized in practice even within one exploration area. Stratification of productive strata is the most important part of oil and gas prospecting and exploration. According to the results of our studies, the upper strata are most well traced (in some cases up to the hypsometric level of PK3-4 strata occurrence). Their confident area correlation makes it possible to identify smaller stratigraphic subdivisions (packs) in these strata and to determine the paleofacial genesis of these sediments.
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Kostoski, G., C. Albrecht, S. Trajanovski i T. Wilke. "A freshwater biodiversity hotspot under pressure – assessing threats and identifying conservation needs for ancient Lake Ohrid". Biogeosciences Discussions 7, nr 4 (13.07.2010): 5347–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-7-5347-2010.
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Abstract. Freshwater habitats and species living in freshwater are generally more prone to extinction than terrestrial or marine ones. Immediate conservation measures for world-wide freshwater resources are thus of eminent importance. This is particularly true for so called ancient lakes. While these lakes are famous for being evolutionary theatres, often displaying an extraordinarily high degree of biodiversity and endemism, in many cases these biota are also experiencing extreme anthropogenic impact. Lake Ohrid, the European biodiversity hotspot, is a prime example for a lake with a magnitude of narrow range endemic taxa that are under increasing anthropogenic pressure. Unfortunately, evidence for a "creeping biodiversity crisis" has accumulated over the last decades, and major socio-political changes have gone along with human-mediated environmental changes. Based on field surveys, monitoring data, published records, and expert interviews, we aimed to (1) assess threats to Lake Ohrids' (endemic) biodiversity, (2) summarize existing conservation activities and strategies, and (3) outline future conservation needs for Lake Ohrid. We compiled threats to both specific taxa (and in cases to particular species) as well as to the lake ecosystems itself. Major conservation concerns identified for Lake Ohrid are: (1) watershed impacts, (2) agriculture and forestry, (3) tourism and population growth, (4) non-indigenous species, (5) habitat alteration or loss, (6) unsustainable exploitation of fisheries, and (7) global climate change. Of the 11 IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) threat classes scored, seven have moderate and three severe impacts. These latter threat classes are energy production and mining, biological resource use, and pollution. We review and discuss institutional responsibilities, environmental monitoring and ecosystem management, existing parks and reserves, biodiversity and species measures, international conservation activities, and ongoing research on conservation and raising of public awareness. Following this summary, we evaluate the status quo and future of Lake Ohrid and its biota. Given the number of identified threats, it is clear that only concerted international action can stop or at least slow down further degradation of Lake Ohrid and the creeping biodiversity crisis already evident. A comprehensive conservation strategy should include measures that result in an immediate reduction of pollution, particularly with phosphorous, in order to slow down the ongoing eutrophication process. The existing watershed management should become more effective. Implementation and particularly with a view to the enforcement of national laws should be enhanced. Increased research on the lakes' limnology, biodiversity, and conservation management practices are necessary. The latter research should identify conservation priorities. Public awareness should be enhanced. Facing these parallel needs to protect the unique biodiversity of Lake Ohrid, we suggest urging (a) implementation and enforcement of the General Management Plan that would ensure long-term integrated and sustainable use of the lake and its watershed, (b) scientific studies on ecology, biodiversity and effects of human impact, (c) the establishment of Core Conservation areas (CCA), including underwater reserves, and (d) Coastal Zone Management (CZM) areas that would constitute buffer zones for the CCA around the lake. These activities should, among others, ultimately lead to a trans-boundary major conservation area of the Ohrid-Prespa region that would allow long-term integration of both humans and nature.
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Kimeto, Janet C., i Kezia Herman Mkwizu. "Sustainability of national parks and game reserves during the Covid-19 pandemic in Kenya". JOURNAL OF TOURISM, CULINARY AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP (JTCE) 3, nr 1 (27.04.2023): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.37715/jtce.v3i1.3677.
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This paper is to explore sustainability of national parks and game reserves in Kenya. Objectives are to examine the responsibility of tourism stakeholders in sustainability of national parks and game reserves during the Covid-19; explore the benefit and cost of tourism of parks and game reserves during the Covid-19; and explore the mitigating measures by tourism stakeholders on issues affecting wildlife in parks and game reserves during the Covid-19 pandemic. The methodology is based on a literature review method by deploying a systematic literature review. The findings indicated that as much as tourism is globally seen as an income generator and foreign exchange earner but was worst hit by the pandemic. If the effects of the pandemic are not mitigated early, then the effects are harmful to the resources and environment. Tourism stakeholders should ensure posterity and fame of parks and game reserves are sustained. This paper provides information on the responsibilities of tourism stakeholders in the sustainability of parks and game reserves in Kenya as a tourism destination. The outcome of this paper implies that the tourism stakeholders may look into ways of mitigating the negative effects of tourism in the Covid-19 to ensure sustainability in the post- Covid -19 pandemic.
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Lama, Sony, Jingjing Zhang i Xiaofeng Luan. "Evaluating the Conservation Status and Effectiveness of Multi-Type Protected Areas for Carbon Sequestration in the Loess Plateau, China". Atmosphere 15, nr 7 (27.06.2024): 764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos15070764.
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Evaluating the conservation effectiveness of multiple types of protected areas (PAs) on carbon sequestration services can enhance the role of PAs in mitigating global warming. Here, we evaluated the conservation status and effectiveness of national parks, nature reserves, forest parks, geo-parks, and scenic spots on carbon sequestration within the Loess Plateau throughout 2000–2020. The results show that all existing PA types have good representation and conservation effectiveness on carbon sequestration. Nature reserves are the most representative of carbon sequestration but are the least effective in protecting carbon sequestration and are the only ones that are weekly effective in protecting critical carbon sequestration. The main factors influencing these results are PA size, 2000 precipitation, slope, change rate of evapotranspiration, PA rank, and 2000 evapotranspiration. We suggest upgrading the critical carbon sequestration distribution areas in scenic spots, forest parks and geo-parks to national parks or nature reserves in the future and implementing appropriate protection and restoration measures in low carbon sequestration areas within grassland and wild plant nature reserves to help achieve the goal of carbon neutrality early.
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Wescott, Geoffrey Charles. "Australia's Distinctive National Parks System". Environmental Conservation 18, nr 4 (1991): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689290002258x.
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Australia possesses a distinctive national parks and conservation reserves system, in which it is the State Governments rather than the Federal Government which owns, plans, and manages, national parks and other conservation reserves.Most Australian States declared their first national parks in the latter quarter of last century, Australia's first national park being declared in New South Wales in March 1879. These critical declarations were followed by a slow accumulation of parks and reserves through to 1968. The pace of acquisition then quickened dramatically with an eight-fold expansion in the total area of national parks between 1968 and 1990, at an average rate of over 750,000 ha per annum. The present Australian system contains 530 national parks covering 20.18 million hectares or 2.6% of the land-mass. A further 28.3 million hectares is protected in other parks and conservation reserves. In terms of the percentage of their land-mass now in national parks, the leading States are Tasmania (12.8%) and Victoria (10.0%), with Western Australia (1.9%) and Queensland (2.1%) trailing far behind, and New South Wales (3.92%) and South Australia (3.1%) lying between.The Australian system is also compared with the Canadian and USA systems. All three are countries of widely comparable cultures that have national parks covering similar percentage areas, but Canada and the USA have far fewer national parks than Australia and they are in general of much greater size. In addition, Canada and the USA ‘resource’ these parks far better than the Australians do theirs. The paper concludes that Australia needs to rationalize its current system by introducing direct funding, by the Federal Government, of national park management, and duly examining the whole system of reserves from a national rather than States' viewpoint.
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Khudoba, V. "Representation analysis of large reserves units network in Western Volyn-Podillia region". Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, nr 39 (15.12.2011): 364–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2011.39.2197.
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The article is dedicated to the analysis of the network of reserves, national parks and regional landscape parks in Western Volyn-Podillia region. The research has determined their level of representation of nature-territorial complexes of the region itself. It has been suggested in the article to optimize these objects in order to increase their representation by means of creating more regional landscape parks. Key words: nature reserves stock, natural reserve, national park, regional landscape park, natureterritorial complexes.
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ISMAIL, ZALINA, ASILAH ABDUL MUTALIB, FAZHANA ISMAIL, SHAIBATUL’ ISLAMIAH CHE MAN, ZAHIDAH AB LATIFF i ZUNURA’IN ZAHALI. "EFFECTS OF COPPER SULPHATE ON THE SURVIVAL OF FREE-LIVING STAGE OF SCHISTOCEPHALUS CORACIDIA". Journal of Sustainability Science and Management 15, nr 6 (30.08.2020): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.46754/jbsd.2020.09.001.
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Marine parks have existed in Malaysia for a long time, but some have neglected the economic roles these marine parks play. This research aims to find out the benefits and costs generated by the marine parks in Terengganu by using cost-benefit analysis (CBA). Through data collected from literature review, various websites and the Department of Marine Park’s annual statement, it is found that the marine parks generate benefits to all constituents, but in protecting environment these marine parks faced some problems. In order to achieve these marine parks goals, based on our findings, we suggest that these marine parks increase its entry charge to keep the sustainability of these marine parks which will be benefited to all constituents.
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CHETVERIKOV, B., i A. KOSTYANCHUK. "Method of mapping of the national parks and protected areas of Ukraine using GIS technology". Modern achievements of geodesic science and industry 42, nr II (1.09.2021): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33841/1819-1339-2-42-84-91.
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Aim. The aim of the work is to create a thematic map of National Parks and protected areas of Ukraine using GIS technologies. The objectives of the work are to propose a technological scheme of mapping of National parks and protected areas of Ukraine using GIS technologies and to describe the methodology of this mapping. Method. The first step was to search for input data and analyze them. Since the data was obtained from free online services, their geometric correction did not make sense, as they were already bound in the coordinate system WGS_1984. The following 11 layers were then vectorized: nature reserves, biosphere reserves, nature parks, regional landscape parks, reserves, natural monuments, protected tracts, botanical gardens, dendrological parks, zoological parks, parks-monuments of landscape art. An attribute database with the following structure is created for each vector layer: Name – name of the protected area, Oblast – location (region of Ukraine), Area – area of the territory (ha), Type – type of protected area according to the classification. Different symbols of protected objects are designed for each vector layer. In the future, it is planned to compile an atlas of National Parks and Protected Areas of Ukraine based on the created GIS. Results. As a result of this goal, we obtained a thematic map of National Parks and protected areas of Ukraine, which consists of 11 vector layers according to the classification of nature reserves of Ukraine and contains 1204 objects for which the corresponding attribute tables have been created. Practical significance. The practical significance of this work is quite high, because orderly, systematized spatial and attributive information will: help in resolving issues of land management and recreation; improving management efficiency; to promote the provision and development of scientific activity; to improve the information and educational functioning of the objects of the nature reserve fund, etc.
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Shipp, Robert L. "Marine Reserves Revisited". Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 2, nr 2 (marzec 2004): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3868210.
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Cognetti, G. "Marine nature reserves". Marine Pollution Bulletin 17, nr 9 (wrzesień 1986): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326x(86)90325-5.
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Godoy, Ianina N., Fabricio C. Gorleri, Maximiliano A. Cristaldi i Lucas M. Leveau. "Species Richness and Composition of Forest Birds in Urban Parks and Reserves of Buenos Aires City, Argentina". Animals 14, nr 4 (12.02.2024): 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14040602.
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Urbanization is among the main factors of ecosystem transformation and threats to global biodiversity. Urban green spaces provide multiple services, being important for biodiversity and human well-being. However, the relationship between green spaces and forest birds has been scarcely studied in the Global South. In this work, we used citizen science data (eBird) to assess the variation in the species richness and composition of forest birds in two types of public urban green spaces characterized by different vegetation composition and management: parks and reserves. In general, reserves had more native and unmanaged vegetation than parks. We selected parks and reserves located in the coastal area of the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Sampling effort was considered as the number of checklists for each site. The database allowed information to be extracted from 12 sites and 33 species. The most common species were the Green-barred Woodpecker (Colaptes melanochloros), the Narrow-billed Woodcreeper (Lepidocolaptes angustirostris), and the White-crested Tyrannulet (Serpophaga subcristata). Bird species richness was higher in reserves than in parks and was positively related to sampling effort. The forest bird species composition varied according to the type of green area and sampling effort. Species composition showed a significant nestedness, with the least rich sites being a subset of species from the richest sites. Reserves and sites with the highest sampling effort concentrated all species. The results obtained show the importance of urban reserves in the conservation of forest birds.
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Chapman, D. D. F. "Marine Parks Need Sharks?" Science 312, nr 5773 (28.04.2006): 526d—528d. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.312.5773.526d.
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TSARYK, Lyubomyr, i Ihor KUZYK. "RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR: ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT". SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY 53, nr 2 (17.11.2022): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.22.2.13.
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According to the results of the study of the nature protection aspect of the russian-Ukrainian war, it was established that since 2014, the russian federation illegally captured and destroyed about 500 objects of the nature reserve fund of Ukraine, with a total area of over 1.2 million hectares. Came under occupation 3 Biosphere Reserves, 14 Nature Reserves, 19 National Natural Parks, dozens Regional Landscape Parks, hundreds Reserves, Sights Nature, Reserve Tracts, Botanical gardens, Dendrological parks, Zoological parks and Parks-sights of garden and park art. Famous protected objects suffered from russian military aggression: Biosphere Reserve «Askania-Nova», Chornomorskyi Biosphere Reserve, National Natural Parks «Slobozhanskyi», «Gomilshan Lisy», «Svyati Hory», «Meotida», «Oleshkivsʹki Pisky», Nature Reserve «Khomutovsky Step». Practically all types of biodiversity in the protected areas have been destroyed, unique landscapes are disturbed, the scientific achievements of specialists of nature-reserved objects were liquidated or exported. Cases of mining of protected areas have been recorded, uncontrolled deforestation, destruction of rare species of flora and fauna, etc.
At the first stage of military aggression, in 2014, russia illegally occupied 100% of the natural reserve fund of the Crimean peninsula, 25.2% of the nature reserve fund of Donetsk region and 23.8% of the nature reserve fund of Luhansk region. In the second stage of aggression and full-scale war against Ukraine, from February 24, 2022, the russian federation completely seized all territories and objects of the nature reserve fund of Donetsk and Luhansk regions, as well as a significant part of valuable nature conservation of Kyiv, Sumy, Chernihiv, Kharkiv, Zaporizhzhia, and Kherson regions. As of September 1, 2022, a large part of the territory of Ukraine, including nature conservation areas, is freed from occupation. But it is still quite difficult to assess the damage caused to the national nature reserve fund. Therefore, the prospect of further scientific-practical research remains the assessment of damage caused to protected objects and territories in the east and south of Ukraine.
Key words: war, russian aggression, national natural parks, nature reserves, biosphere reserves, flora, fauna.
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Licht, Daniel S., Brian C. Kenner i Daniel E. Roddy. "A Comparison of the South African and United States Models of Natural Areas Management". ISRN Biodiversity 2014 (28.01.2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/737832.
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In May-June of 2013 we visited several South African parks and reserves to learn about wildlife and natural areas management in that country. We focused our visit on parks and reserves that are of moderate size (5,000–100,00 ha), comprised of grassland/savanna habitats, located within agrarian landscapes, and enclosed with boundary fences, characteristics similar to several parks and reserves in the Northern Great Plains region of the United States. In this paper we compare the South African model of natural areas management to the United States model. We observed that South African parks and reserves with the aforementioned characteristics are more likely to (1) reintroduce and conserve small, nonviable wildlife populations, (2) reintroduce and conserve top-level predators, (3) have more intensive management of wildlife, (4) manage in partnership across multiple landowners, (5) engage local communities, (6) be self-funding, and (7) restrict visitor movement. The South African model is arguably more effective in conserving biodiversity as measured by conservation of apex predators and natural processes. The differences between the countries appear to be driven in large part by socioeconomic factors. Knowledge of natural areas management in other countries may lead to more innovative and creative models that could benefit biodiversity conservation.
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Aschenbrand, Erik, i Thomas Michler. "Why Do UNESCO Biosphere Reserves Get Less Recognition than National Parks? A Landscape Research Perspective on Protected Area Narratives in Germany". Sustainability 13, nr 24 (10.12.2021): 13647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413647.
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This paper explores how landscape research can contribute to our understanding of why integrated protected area concepts like biosphere reserves get less recognition than national parks. In this regard, we analysed policy documents and online communication of biosphere reserves and national parks, conducted qualitative interviews with conservation professionals and volunteers as well as participant observation in order to identify and compare narratives that guide the communication and perception of both protected area categories. The results show how national parks offer a clear interpretation of space by building on landscape stereotypes and creating landscape legibility and experience-ability through touristification. National Parks also experience conflicts about proper management and combine a variety of goals, often including regional development. Nevertheless, their narrative is unambiguous and powerful. Biosphere reserves, on the other hand, have an image problem that is essentially due to the difficulty of communicating their objectives. They confront the difficult task of creating a vision that combines development and conservation while integrating contrarious landscape stereotypes. We argue for a fundamental engagement with protected area narratives, as this improves understanding of protected areas’ transformative potential.
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Zhai, Boqiang, i Xitun Yuan. "Discussion on the Integration and Optimization Plan of Natural Reserve-Take Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture as an example". E3S Web of Conferences 257 (2021): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125703003.
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The integration and optimization of nature reserves is an important part of the new round of land and space planning, and it is also an important part of building a system of nature reserves with national parks as the main body. This article takes Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, which has many nature reserves and relatively complex conditions as an example, to summarize and study the technical and operational issues involved in the integration and optimization of 30 different types of nature reserves, natural parks and scenic spots in the region. We propose an integration and optimization plan that fits the region, focusing on the treatment of the overlapping and distributed residential land, basic farmland, and major construction projects of each protected area, and provide reasonable suggestions for the integration and optimization of the construction of natural reserves with Chinese characteristics.
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Mordi, A. Richard. "The Future of Animal Wildlife and Its Habitat in Botswana". Environmental Conservation 16, nr 2 (1989): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900008924.
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To conserve its wildlife, Botswana has set aside more than 17% of its total land area as game reserves, national parks, and wildlife management areas. Despite this generous allocation to wildlife, the fauna of the country is declining in both absolute numbers and species diversity. Lack of permanent water-sources in some game reserves, obstruction of fauna migration routes by cattle fences, and a poorly-developed tourist industry, are partly responsible for this decline.In a developing country such as Botswana, tourism should yield sufficient funds for the maintenance of game reserves and national parks. But currently the tourist industry accounts for less than 2% of the gross national product. Unless the industry is encouraged to flourish and expand into dormant reserves such as the Gemsbok National Park and Mabuasehube Game Reserve, animals in those sanctuaries are likely to be driven by drought into South Africa.
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Dubуna, D. V., P. M. Ustymenko, L. P. Vakarenko, B. O. Baranovski, L. O. Karmyzova i I. A. Ivanko. "Rare plant gene pool of the Steppe of Ukraine in the war zone". Ecology and Noospherology 34, nr 1 (14.04.2023): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/032302.
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The results of field and camera studies on the collection and compilation of information on the presence of rare, endangered, and typical natural plant groups that are subject to protection in the territories of nature reserves in the war zone and occupied territories are presented. It was established that two biosphere reserves (BZ) (40% of the total number), 9 nature reserves (PZ) (45%) 10 national natural parks (NPP) (17%) and 23 regional landscape parks (RLP) (30%), 48 protected tracts (6%), 48 reserves of national importance (15%). In addition, a number of protected areas were in the war zone and have now been liberated from occupation, namely one radiation-ecological biosphere reserve, one nature reserve, 8 national natural parks, 8 regional landscape parks, 65 protected tracts, 20 nature reserves of national importance. The conducted analysis of the rare phytocenofund of Ukraine showed that in the pre-war period in the current zone of military operations and in the occupied territories there were plant groups of 58 formations and 513 associations of almost all the main types of vegetation of Ukraine (except meadow), which is 36% of formations and 52% of rare associations from of the entire rare phytocenofund of Ukraine. According to their sociological status, they are divided into 149 associations of 25 formations of rare natural plant communities that are subject to protection; 248 associations of 23 formations of natural plant groups that are under threat of extinction and subject to protection; 116 associations of 10 formations of typical natural plant communities that are subject to protection. Negative impact on natural ecosystems in the territories of the PZF. The work also provides an assessment of the negative impact on rare groups in the territories of the PZF, located in the combat zone and occupied territories.
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Hart, John A., i Jefferson S. Hall. "Status of Eastern Zaire's Forest Parks and Reserves". Conservation Biology 10, nr 2 (kwiecień 1996): 316–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10020316.x.
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Palacios-Abrantes, Juliano, Sarah M. Roberts, Talya ten Brink, Tim Cashion, William W. L. Cheung, Anne Mook i Tu Nguyen. "Incorporating protected areas into global fish biomass projections under climate change". FACETS 8 (1.01.2023): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2022-0101.
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The world has set ambitious goals to protect marine biodiversity and improve ocean health in the face of anthropogenic threats. Yet, the efficiency of spatial tools such as marine reserves to protect biodiversity is threatened as climate change shifts species distributions globally. Here, we investigate the ability of global marine reserves to protect fish biomass under future climate change scenarios. Moreover, we explore regional patterns and compare worlds with and without marine reserves. We rely on computer modeling to simulate an utopian world where all marine reserves thrive and ocean governance is effective. Results suggest that climate change will affect fish biomass in most marine reserves and their surrounding waters throughout the 21st century. The biomass change varies among regions, with tropical reserves losing biomass, temperate ones gaining, and polar reserves having mixed effects. Overall, a world with marine reserves will still be better off in terms of fish biomass than a world without marine reserves. Our study highlights the need to promote climate resilient conservation methods if we are to maintain and recover biodiversity in the ocean under a changing world.
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Wang, Li, Guodong Wang, Xiaohong Hou, Zhiwei Chen i Kai Lu. "Attractiveness index of national marine parks: A study on national marine parks in coastal areas of East China Sea". Open Geosciences 14, nr 1 (1.01.2022): 393–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2022-0364.
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Abstract Balancing the development and protection of national marine parks in a suitable way is of great SIGNIFICANCE for environmental sustainability. Tourism attractiveness is an important indicator for measuring this development. In this study, by searching through online reviews of the national marine parks in the coastal areas of the East China Sea, and by analyzing tourists’ perceptions of them, an indicator system for tourism attraction was established. Natural attributes, supporting facilities, service experience, and tours were taken as secondary indicators. This study combines the analytic hierarchy process with questionnaires to calculate the attractiveness index of national marine parks. The study finds that national marine parks in the coastal areas of the East China Sea have a higher level of tourist satisfaction and attractiveness, but that more attention needs to be paid to supporting facilities, as tourists currently find them insufficient. Among these, natural attributes are an important factor affecting the attractiveness of the marine parks, while special cuisine, customer experience, public transportation, and attitudes are all indicators with higher weight within the attractiveness index. The tourism attractiveness of national marine parks was investigated quantitatively and the indicators affecting the tourism attractiveness index were illustrated clearly.
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AHMAD, SITI AZNOR, i NICK HANLEY. "WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR REDUCING CROWDING EFFECT DAMAGES IN MARINE PARKS IN MALAYSIA". Singapore Economic Review 54, nr 01 (kwiecień 2009): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590809003124.
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Marine Parks are established to protect an area of the sea zoned as a sanctuary for the protection of its marine eco-systems, especially coral reef and its associated fauna and flora, like sea grass bed, mangrove and the sea shore. In Malaysia, there are 6 marine parks to-date. The establishment of marine parks also attracts more tourists to the areas. For example, the number of visitors to Payar Marine Park increased tremendously from 3,668 visitors in 1990 to 133,775 visitors in 2002. However, too many tourists are thought by scientists to have damaged the coral reefs. This paper will estimate how much visitors are willing to pay to reduce damages to three marine parks in Malaysia; Payar, Redang and Tioman Marine Park. Willingness to pay estimates were obtained from the visitors using a double-bounded dichotomous choice version of the Contingent Valuation method.
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Taber, Andrew B. "The status and conservation of the Chacoan peccary in Paraguay". Oryx 25, nr 3 (lipiec 1991): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300034177.
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The Chacoan peccary Catagonus wagneri is endemic to the dry thorn forest of the Gran Chaco of Paraguay, Argentina and Bolivia. Since its discovery by scientists in the 1970s its population has declined due to overhunting, habitat destruction, and possibly disease. As of 1989 about 5000 individuals are estimated to survive in the Paraguayan Chaco. Small dispersed populations still exist in Argentina and Bolivia, but more information is needed on the status of this species in those two countries. In Paraguay, Chacoan peccaries have almost disappeared from the two national parks within their range and the only significant population exists in an area where there are no reserves. The survival of this species depends on enforcing regulations against hunting both within and outside the national parks, translocating animals to the parks, establishing a system of reserves on private land in critical areas, training of Paraguayan wildlife professionals, and environmental education.
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Brusak, Vitaliy P., Yaroroslav S. Kravchuk, Ivan V. Brusak i Diana A. Krychevska. "State and prospects of relief protection in nature reserves and national nature parks of the Ukrainian Carpathians". Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 31, nr 1 (3.04.2022): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112202.
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The aim of the research is to analyze the current state of the protection of relief types within nature reserves and national nature parks of the Ukrainian Carpathians. The study analyzes coverage of usual and unique types of mountain and premountain relief of the Ukrainian Carpathians within nature protection institutions. The method contains a general geomorphological analysis of the relief of nature conservation institutions of the Ukrainian Carpathians. geomorphological structure and zoning of the research region based on the systematization and comparison of the up to date cartographic and descriptive materials. Comparing the map Geomorphological structure (morphostructure and morphosculpture) of the Ukrainian Carpathians (Hnatiuk et al., 2007) and borrowed cartographic materials from the Projects of organization of nature reserves and national nature parks within the region, special representativeness of relief types in the QGIS software is obtained. Authors set a degree of representativeness of relief types within the territories of nature conservation institutions as well as present it in special tables and maps. Additionally, the map ofthe location of nature reserves and national nature parks within the geomorphological zoning of the Ukrainian Carpathians (Rudko & Kravchuk, 2002) is made as well as the character of protection of various geomorphological areas of mountain and premountain parts of the region is clarified. For the first time, authors establish the degree of regional and typological geomorphological representativeness of natural reserves and national nature parks as well as clarify the current state of protection of relief types of the Ukrainian Carpathians in general. Based on the results of the analysis, authors develop proposals for the creation of new nature conservation institutions in the Ukrainian Carpathians for optimization of the relief as well as proposals for the protection of the region and its use in nature conservation, scientific, natural-cognitive, and recreational purposes.
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Vasileva, Vanya, i Sevdzhan Sabrieva. "Protected areas in the Stara planina tourist region – current state and prospects for tourism development". Acta Scientifica Naturalis 10, nr 1 (1.03.2023): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/asn-2023-0007.
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Abstract Bulgaria is a country with an extremely diverse nature. Unlike a number of European countries, Bulgarian nature is relatively well preserved. For the purposes of its protection, a network of protected areas was created, which occupy 5.3% of the country’s territory. Bulgaria also participates in a number of international initiatives, which put about 1/3 of the territory of Bulgaria under protection of the natural environment. According to the Protected areas Act in Bulgaria, 6 categories are distinguished - national parks, natural parks, reserves, maintained reserves, protected localities, natural attractions. Among them, important resources for the development of tourism are national parks, natural parks, protected localities and natural attractions. They represent unique sites for the development of alternative forms of tourism such as ecological, cultural-cognitive, route-cognitive tourism, etc. On the other hand, reserves and maintained reserves prohibit tourism activities. The network of protected areas is unevenly developed throughout the country. It is better represented in the mountainous areas, and in the plain parts of the country it is more limited due to the strong anthropogenic changes and the pressure from various human activities. In connection with the preserved nature, the mountains are preferred sites for tourism. The contribution of the protected areas in this regard is significant. Stara planina tourist region is among the country’s tourist areas with well-defined mountainous characteristics. This is an important prerequisite both for the preservation of nature and for the formation of a suitable environment for recreation and tourism, and the mentioned directions are mutually bound. The purpose of this article is to valorize the protected areas in Stara Planina tourist region and to highlight the possibilities for their current and future use for the development of tourism.
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Li, Jing. "Designating Marine Reserves Is not Just an Ecological Process". Environment and Pollution 5, nr 2 (29.09.2016): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ep.v5n2p72.
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Marine natural resource and ocean species are endangered because of human activities. In order to avoid marine natural resource depletion and recover marine ecosystem, marine reserves are created. The report will introduce the marine reserve definition and its functions. In addition, the report will describe three main marine reserves in Australia. Moreover, it will explain why designating marine reserves is not an ecological process.
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HOLLAND, DANIEL S., i RICHARD J. BRAZEE. "Marine Reserves for Fisheries Management". Marine Resource Economics 11, nr 3 (październik 1996): 157–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/mre.11.3.42629158.
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