Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Marine ecosystems”
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Murawski, Steven A., John H. Steele, Phillip Taylor, Michael J. Fogarty, Michael P. Sissenwine, Michael Ford i Cynthia Suchman. "Why compare marine ecosystems?" ICES Journal of Marine Science 67, nr 1 (30.08.2009): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp221.
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Abstract Murawski, S. A., Steele, J. H., Taylor, P., Fogarty, M. J., Sissenwine, M. P., Ford, M., and Suchman, C. 2010. Why compare marine ecosystems? – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1–9. Effective marine ecosystem-based management (EBM) requires understanding the key processes and relationships controlling the aspects of biodiversity, productivity, and resilience to perturbations. Unfortunately, the scales, complexity, and non-linear dynamics that characterize marine ecosystems often confound managing for these properties. Nevertheless, scientifically derived decision-support tools (DSTs) are needed to account for impacts resulting from a variety of simultaneous human activities. Three possible methodologies for revealing mechanisms necessary to develop DSTs for EBM are: (i) controlled experimentation, (ii) iterative programmes of observation and modelling (“learning by doing”), and (iii) comparative ecosystem analysis. We have seen that controlled experiments are limited in capturing the complexity necessary to develop models of marine ecosystem dynamics with sufficient realism at appropriate scales. Iterative programmes of observation, model building, and assessment are useful for specific ecosystem issues but rarely lead to generally transferable products. Comparative ecosystem analyses may be the most effective, building on the first two by inferring ecosystem processes based on comparisons and contrasts of ecosystem response to human-induced factors. We propose a hierarchical system of ecosystem comparisons to include within-ecosystem comparisons (utilizing temporal and spatial changes in relation to human activities), within-ecosystem-type comparisons (e.g. coral reefs, temperate continental shelves, upwelling areas), and cross-ecosystem-type comparisons (e.g. coral reefs vs. boreal, terrestrial vs. marine ecosystems). Such a hierarchical comparative approach should lead to better understanding of the processes controlling biodiversity, productivity, and the resilience of marine ecosystems. In turn, better understanding of these processes will lead to the development of increasingly general laws, hypotheses, functional forms, governing equations, and broad interpretations of ecosystem responses to human activities, ultimately improving DSTs in support of EBM.
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EPSTEIN, P. "Marine ecosystems". Lancet 342, nr 8881 (listopad 1993): 1216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(93)92191-u.
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Patel, Hasanain Imtiaz Ismail, i Raja Oloan Saut Gurning. "INCREASING MARINE TOURISM WITH MARINE SPATIAL PLANNING METHOD AND GROWTH OF MARINE ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT OF UNUSED MARINE AREAS". Journal of Marine-Earth Science and Technology 4, nr 2 (1.02.2024): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j27745449.v4i2.1059.
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The current state of the art of ecosystem-based marine spatial management (EB-MSM), a new approach to ocean management that is being supported all over the world as the best means of ensuring the sustainability of marine ecosystems. It aims to sustain robust, fruitful, and resilient ecosystems that supply essential products and services while withstanding human influences. It concentrates on all interactions within a marine ecosystem, including human interactions. The most cutting-edge science and innovative methods are needed for successful implementation. Focusing on the role of marine spatial planning (MSP) in marine ecosystem management and discussing the use of MSP to manage the risks associated with geohazards and climate change. Including creation of networks of marine protected areas (MPAs), how maritime activities are distributed both spatially and temporally, flexibility in fisheries management, actions to promote coastal resilience, the restoration of vital coastal ecosystems, the establishment of buffer zones between permanent structures and the coastline, and the implementation of risk-mitigation tools like monitoring programs and warning systems. More responsive demands of coastal countries and more actively supporting the economic integration of foreign operators and tourism. Even during disputes or cancellations, innovative ideas and agreements can stimulate the economy. For instance, a third party can create jobs in sub-Saharan West Africa, while a recreation area could increase tourist in Indonesia.
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GJONI, VOJSAVA, STAMATIS GHINIS, MAURIZIO PINNA, LUCA MAZZOTTA, GABRIELE MARINI, MARIO CIOTTI, ILARIA ROSATI, FABIO VIGNES, SERENA ARIMA i ALBERTO BASSET. "Patterns of functional diversity of macroinvertebrates across three aquatic ecosystem types, NE Mediterranean". Mediterranean Marine Science 20, nr 4 (20.12.2019): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.19314.
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This study is focused on investigating the variation patterns of macroinvertebrate guilds functional structure, in relation to the taxonomic one, across aquatic ecosystem types along the salinity gradient from freshwater to marine and the resulting implications on guild organization and energy flows. Synoptic samplings have been carried out using the leaf-pack technique at 30 sites of the aquatic ecosystems of the Corfu Island (Greece), including freshwater, lagoon, and marine sites. Here, we analyzed the macroinvertebrate guilds of river, lagoon, and marine ecosystems, as: i. taxonomic composition and population abundance ii. trophic guilds composition and relative abundance; and iii. body size spectra and size patterns. The following variation patterns across the three ecosystem types were observed: a. trophic guild composition and body size spectra were more conservative than taxonomic composition within and among ecosystem types, where, trophic guild and size spectra composition were more similar between river and lagoon ecosystem types than with marine ones; b. a dominance on resource exploitation of large species over smaller ones was inferred at all sites; and, c. higher body size-specific density of individuals was consistently observed in lagoon than in freshwater and marine ecosystems. Results extend previous findings suggesting a common hierarchical organization of benthic macroinvertebrate guilds in aquatic ecosystems and showing that lagoon ecosystems have higher energy density transferred to benthic macroinvertebrates than both freshwater and marine ecosystem types.
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Samiullah, Mohammed, i Roufa Khanum. "Climate Change and Ocean Acidification: Unraveling the Complex Interactions and Implications for Marine Ecosystems". International Journal of Natural Sciences 4, nr 1 (8.03.2024): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijns.2397.
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Purpose: The study aims to investigate the intricate relationship between ocean acidification and climate change, providing insights into their impacts on marine ecosystems. It seeks to identify sources of greenhouse gases, assess reef vulnerability, and analyze temperature changes' effects on marine biodiversity.
Methodology: Quantitative research methods are employed, utilizing data from Bangladesh, the USA, India, and the UK. Dynamic patterns in coral reef health, ocean acidification, greenhouse gas emissions, and marine ecosystem health are assessed between 2019 and 2023. Qualitative analysis supplements the quantitative findings, enhancing understanding of climate change's impacts on marine ecosystems and mitigation strategies.
Findings: The study reveals clear patterns in the countries studied, emphasizing the urgency for continuous monitoring and protection of marine ecosystems. It provides insights into how climate change affects marine ecosystems, triggers ocean acidification, and identifies sources of greenhouse gas emissions. The research underscores the necessity for collaborative efforts to address climate change impacts and promote ecosystem resilience.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice, and Policy: The study contributes to a better understanding of the complex dynamics between ocean acidification, climate change, and marine ecosystems. It offers valuable insights to inform conservation initiatives, policy decisions, and strategies aimed at mitigating adverse impacts on marine species. By highlighting the importance of collective action, the research advocates for a comprehensive approach to address climate change's effects on ecosystems and oceans, fostering resilience and sustainability.
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Purbaya, Sharaswati, Ratna Komala i M. N. M. Seribulan. "A Correlation between Knowledge about Coral Reef Ecosystem and Marine Tourist Attitude toward Conservation at Pramuka Island, Kepulauan Seribu". BIOSFER: JURNAL PENDIDIKAN BIOLOGI 8, nr 1 (17.01.2018): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/biosferjpb.8-1.5.
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Coral reef ecosystems are an ecosystem which important role both ecological and value. To conserve coral reef ecosystem requires knowledge form all the people especially marine tourist. Knowledge of coral reef ecosystems which is owned by marine tourist expected form conservation attitude of marine tourists to coral reef ecosystems. The aim of this research was to know the correlation knowledge of coral reef ecosystems with marine tourists conservation attitude around Pramuka Island, Kepulauan Seribu. This research was held on May 2015 at Pramuka Island. The research method used descriptive correlational. Population and sample were determined by simple random sampling of marine tourists on the Pramuka island with the criteria have experience of diving and diving activities in the Pramuka Island amounted to 80 divers. The instrument used was a questionnaire about their knowledge and attitudes of conservation by using a Likert scale. Hypothesis test using simple regression test and correlation test using the formula Pearson Product Moment. The result showed the equation Ŷ = 104,472+0,626X. The results showed there correlation between knowledge of coral reef ecosystems and conservation attitude marine tourists around Pramuka Island, Kepulauan Seribu with a correlation coefficient of 0,325.
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Longhurst, Alan R. "Large marine ecosystems". Marine Policy 15, nr 5 (wrzesień 1991): 377–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-597x(91)90097-u.
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Alexander, Lewis M. "Large marine ecosystems". Marine Policy 17, nr 3 (maj 1993): 186–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-597x(93)90076-f.
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Tittensor, Derek P., Camilla Novaglio, Cheryl S. Harrison, Ryan F. Heneghan, Nicolas Barrier, Daniele Bianchi, Laurent Bopp i in. "Next-generation ensemble projections reveal higher climate risks for marine ecosystems". Nature Climate Change 11, nr 11 (21.10.2021): 973–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01173-9.
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AbstractProjections of climate change impacts on marine ecosystems have revealed long-term declines in global marine animal biomass and unevenly distributed impacts on fisheries. Here we apply an enhanced suite of global marine ecosystem models from the Fisheries and Marine Ecosystem Model Intercomparison Project (Fish-MIP), forced by new-generation Earth system model outputs from Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), to provide insights into how projected climate change will affect future ocean ecosystems. Compared with the previous generation CMIP5-forced Fish-MIP ensemble, the new ensemble ecosystem simulations show a greater decline in mean global ocean animal biomass under both strong-mitigation and high-emissions scenarios due to elevated warming, despite greater uncertainty in net primary production in the high-emissions scenario. Regional shifts in the direction of biomass changes highlight the continued and urgent need to reduce uncertainty in the projected responses of marine ecosystems to climate change to help support adaptation planning.
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Ward, Delphi, Jessica Melbourne-Thomas, Gretta T. Pecl, Karen Evans, Madeline Green, Phillipa C. McCormack, Camilla Novaglio i in. "Safeguarding marine life: conservation of biodiversity and ecosystems". Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 32, nr 1 (marzec 2022): 65–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11160-022-09700-3.
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AbstractMarine ecosystems and their associated biodiversity sustain life on Earth and hold intrinsic value. Critical marine ecosystem services include maintenance of global oxygen and carbon cycles, production of food and energy, and sustenance of human wellbeing. However marine ecosystems are swiftly being degraded due to the unsustainable use of marine environments and a rapidly changing climate. The fundamental challenge for the future is therefore to safeguard marine ecosystem biodiversity, function, and adaptive capacity whilst continuing to provide vital resources for the global population. Here, we use foresighting/hindcasting to consider two plausible futures towards 2030: a business-as-usual trajectory (i.e. continuation of current trends), and a more sustainable but technically achievable future in line with the UN Sustainable Development Goals. We identify key drivers that differentiate these alternative futures and use these to develop an action pathway towards the desirable, more sustainable future. Key to achieving the more sustainable future will be establishing integrative (i.e. across jurisdictions and sectors), adaptive management that supports equitable and sustainable stewardship of marine environments. Conserving marine ecosystems will require recalibrating our social, financial, and industrial relationships with the marine environment. While a sustainable future requires long-term planning and commitment beyond 2030, immediate action is needed to avoid tipping points and avert trajectories of ecosystem decline. By acting now to optimise management and protection of marine ecosystems, building upon existing technologies, and conserving the remaining biodiversity, we can create the best opportunity for a sustainable future in 2030 and beyond.
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Shin, Yunne-Jai, Alida Bundy, Lynne J. Shannon, Monique Simier, Marta Coll, Elizabeth A. Fulton, Jason S. Link i in. "Can simple be useful and reliable? Using ecological indicators to represent and compare the states of marine ecosystems". ICES Journal of Marine Science 67, nr 4 (17.01.2010): 717–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp287.
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Abstract Shin, Y-J., Bundy, A., Shannon, L. J., Simier, M., Coll, M., Fulton, E. A., Link, J. S., Jouffre, D., Ojaveer, H., Mackinson, S., Heymans, J. J., and Raid, T. 2010. Can simple be useful and reliable? Using ecological indicators to represent and compare the states of marine ecosystems. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 717–731. Within the IndiSeas WG, the evaluation of exploited marine ecosystems has several steps, from simple binary categorization of ecosystems to a more-complex attempt to rank them and to evaluate their status using decision-tree analyses. With the intention of communicating scientific knowledge to the public and stakeholders, focus is on evaluating and comparing the status of exploited marine ecosystems using a set of six ecological indicators and a simple and transparent graphic representation of ecosystem state (pie charts). A question that arose was whether it was acceptable to compare different types of marine ecosystems using a generic set of indicators. To this end, an attempt is made to provide reference levels to which ecosystems can be objectively compared. Unacceptable thresholds for each indicator are determined based on ecological expertise derived from a questionnaire distributed to a group of scientific experts. Analysis of the questionnaires revealed no significant difference in the thresholds provided for different ecosystem types, suggesting that it was reasonable to compare states directly across different types of ecosystem using the set of indicators selected.
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VASILICA, Florentina-Aurelia, Mariana PANAITESCU i Fanel-Viorel PANAITESCU. "MARINE ECOSYSTEMS ASSESSMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE". Journal of Marine Technology and Environment 2 (1.10.2022): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.53464/jmte.02.2022.10.
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In this paper there are analyzed ecosystem status characteristics, pressures and impacts, risk matrix for a marine ecosystem . The methodology is a new tool for assessing the state of the environment [1], [2]. The results are descriptive indicators of the analyzed ecosystems, wich were calculated by classical methods and computer applications [3], [4], [5], [6], [7]. Using information about these descriptive indicators, the ecological status of the marine ecosystem was assessed, calculating the risk matrix [5], [6]. Finally, it can observed that in the marine environment, the reconfigurations will have a tailor-made impact. The most affected will be the Black Sea fauna.
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Fulton, Elizabeth A., Anthony D. M. Smith i Craig R. Johnson. "Biogeochemical marine ecosystem models I: IGBEM—a model of marine bay ecosystems". Ecological Modelling 174, nr 3 (maj 2004): 267–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2003.09.027.
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Platjouw, Froukje Maria. "Marine Spatial Planning in the North Sea—Are National Policies and Legal Structures Compatible Enough? The Case of Norway and the Netherlands". International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 33, nr 1 (12.03.2018): 34–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-12320075.
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Abstract Marine spatial planning is an important tool to achieve a more ecosystem-based governance approach to marine ecosystems. Marine ecosystems often transcend national jurisdictional boundaries, so the compatibility of national policies and legal structures are important prerequisites for transboundary marine spatial planning. This article explores marine spatial planning in the North Sea ecosystem and analyses whether national policies and legal structures in the Netherlands and Norway are compatible enough. Both countries have an extensive body of law regulating the different uses of the North Sea and have also developed integrated management approaches for ‘their’ respective parts of the North Sea. The article demonstrates that marine spatial planning in regional sea areas is complicated when national legal frameworks and governance structures and traditions are very different.
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Samad, Shakila, Mahadi Mohammad, Sazlina Salleh i Aqilah Darif. "A CHECKLIST OF FREE-LIVING MARINE NEMATODES AT DIFFERENT ECOSYSTEM IN NORTHERN STRAITS OF MALACCA, MALAYSIA". Scripta Biologica 5, nr 1 (26.03.2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.sb.2018.5.1.667.
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Nematodes present in all substrates and sediment types with an enormous number of species. The studies on free-living marine nematodes are still limited in Malaysia. The present study provides general information on genus checklist of free-living marine nematodes in the northern part of Peninsular Malaysia in a different ecosystem which are intertidal zones of estuarine, sandy beach and mangrove ecosystems. Samples were randomly collected at three stations in each ecosystem. A total of 34 genera (22 families and ten suborders) were recorded in three ecosystems. Each ecosystem had common genera which also commonly found worldwide. Viscosia genus was observed in all three ecosystems. The nematode genera of Estuary and mangrove ecosystems had greater similarities than those in the sandy beach.
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Tittensor, Derek P., Tyler D. Eddy, Heike K. Lotze, Eric D. Galbraith, William Cheung, Manuel Barange, Julia L. Blanchard i in. "A protocol for the intercomparison of marine fishery and ecosystem models: Fish-MIP v1.0". Geoscientific Model Development 11, nr 4 (13.04.2018): 1421–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-1421-2018.
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Abstract. Model intercomparison studies in the climate and Earth sciences communities have been crucial to building credibility and coherence for future projections. They have quantified variability among models, spurred model development, contrasted within- and among-model uncertainty, assessed model fits to historical data, and provided ensemble projections of future change under specified scenarios. Given the speed and magnitude of anthropogenic change in the marine environment and the consequent effects on food security, biodiversity, marine industries, and society, the time is ripe for similar comparisons among models of fisheries and marine ecosystems. Here, we describe the Fisheries and Marine Ecosystem Model Intercomparison Project protocol version 1.0 (Fish-MIP v1.0), part of the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP), which is a cross-sectoral network of climate impact modellers. Given the complexity of the marine ecosystem, this class of models has substantial heterogeneity of purpose, scope, theoretical underpinning, processes considered, parameterizations, resolution (grain size), and spatial extent. This heterogeneity reflects the lack of a unified understanding of the marine ecosystem and implies that the assemblage of all models is more likely to include a greater number of relevant processes than any single model. The current Fish-MIP protocol is designed to allow these heterogeneous models to be forced with common Earth System Model (ESM) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) outputs under prescribed scenarios for historic (from the 1950s) and future (to 2100) time periods; it will be adapted to CMIP phase 6 (CMIP6) in future iterations. It also describes a standardized set of outputs for each participating Fish-MIP model to produce. This enables the broad characterization of differences between and uncertainties within models and projections when assessing climate and fisheries impacts on marine ecosystems and the services they provide. The systematic generation, collation, and comparison of results from Fish-MIP will inform an understanding of the range of plausible changes in marine ecosystems and improve our capacity to define and convey the strengths and weaknesses of model-based advice on future states of marine ecosystems and fisheries. Ultimately, Fish-MIP represents a step towards bringing together the marine ecosystem modelling community to produce consistent ensemble medium- and long-term projections of marine ecosystems.
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Link, Jason S., Bernard A. Megrey, Thomas J. Miller, Tim Essington, Jennifer Boldt, Alida Bundy, Erlend Moksness, Ken F. Drinkwater i R. Ian Perry. "Comparative analysis of marine ecosystems: international production modelling workshop". Biology Letters 6, nr 6 (7.07.2010): 723–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0526.
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Understanding the drivers that dictate the productivity of marine ecosystems continues to be a globally important issue. A vast literature identifies three main processes that regulate the production dynamics of such ecosystems: biophysical, exploitative and trophodynamic. Exploring the prominence among this ‘triad’ of drivers, through a synthetic analysis, is critical for understanding how marine ecosystems function and subsequently produce fisheries resources of interest to humans. To explore this topic further, an international workshop was held on 10–14 May 2010, at the National Academy of Science's Jonsson Center in Woods Hole, MA, USA. The workshop compiled the data required to develop production models at different hierarchical levels (e.g. species, guild, ecosystem) for many of the major Northern Hemisphere marine ecosystems that have supported notable fisheries. Analyses focused on comparable total system biomass production, functionally equivalent species production, or simulation studies for 11 different marine fishery ecosystems. Workshop activities also led to new analytical tools. Preliminary results suggested common patterns driving overall fisheries production in these ecosystems, but also highlighted variation in the relative importance of each among ecosystems.
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Qonaah, Siti Qonaah. "Implementasi Program Bina Lingkungan Corporat Social Responsibility PT Pertamina Dalam Upaya Pelestarian Ekosistem Laut". Jurnal Komunikasi 10, nr 2 (3.09.2019): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31294/jkom.v10i2.6194.
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Indonesia is a maritime country, The economic system of the people on the coast depends on the natural resources of the sea which produce various marine and fishery products. With a damaged marine environment due to illegal fishing, natural disasters, and damaged marine ecosystems activities that have the potential to protect the marine environment are needed. To preserve Indonesia's marine ecosystem, Pertamina is implementing an environmental development program which is one of its corporate social responsibility programs. Pertamina is committed to always prioritizing the balance and preservation of nature, the environment, society. Implementation of environmental development programs carried out includes providing support for Wasi, providing aid for environmental education props and Coral Reef Rehabilitation. This research is to find out the implementation of Pertamina's corporate social responsibility environmental development program in the preservation of marine ecosystems. In this study, researchers used a qualitative approach and case studies, as a research method that illustrates that the implementation of the corporate social environmental development program will benefit the community in the preservation of Indonesia's marine ecosystem. By improving human, natural and environmental welfare, Pertamina will be able to achieve sustainable business growth.Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Preservation of Marine Ecosystems
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Möllmann, Christian, Alessandra Conversi i Martin Edwards. "Comparative analysis of European wide marine ecosystem shifts: a large-scale approach for developing the basis for ecosystem-based management". Biology Letters 7, nr 4 (26.01.2011): 484–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.1213.
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Abrupt and rapid ecosystem shifts (where major reorganizations of food-web and community structures occur), commonly termed regime shifts, are changes between contrasting and persisting states of ecosystem structure and function. These shifts have been increasingly reported for exploited marine ecosystems around the world from the North Pacific to the North Atlantic. Understanding the drivers and mechanisms leading to marine ecosystem shifts is crucial in developing adaptive management strategies to achieve sustainable exploitation of marine ecosystems. An international workshop on a comparative approach to analysing these marine ecosystem shifts was held at Hamburg University, Institute for Hydrobiology and Fisheries Science, Germany on 1–3 November 2010. Twenty-seven scientists from 14 countries attended the meeting, representing specialists from seven marine regions, including the Baltic Sea, the North Sea, the Barents Sea, the Black Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, the Bay of Biscay and the Scotian Shelf off the Canadian East coast. The goal of the workshop was to conduct the first large-scale comparison of marine ecosystem regime shifts across multiple regional areas, in order to support the development of ecosystem-based management strategies.
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Kirby, Richard R., i Gregory Beaugrand. "Trophic amplification of climate warming". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276, nr 1676 (9.09.2009): 4095–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.1320.
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Ecosystems can alternate suddenly between contrasting persistent states due to internal processes or external drivers. It is important to understand the mechanisms by which these shifts occur, especially in exploited ecosystems. There have been several abrupt marine ecosystem shifts attributed either to fishing, recent climate change or a combination of these two drivers. We show that temperature has been an important driver of the trophodynamics of the North Sea, a heavily fished marine ecosystem, for nearly 50 years and that a recent pronounced change in temperature established a new ecosystem dynamic regime through a series of internal mechanisms. Using an end-to-end ecosystem approach that included primary producers, primary, secondary and tertiary consumers, and detritivores, we found that temperature modified the relationships among species through nonlinearities in the ecosystem involving ecological thresholds and trophic amplifications. Trophic amplification provides an alternative mechanism to positive feedback to drive an ecosystem towards a new dynamic regime, which in this case favours jellyfish in the plankton and decapods and detritivores in the benthos. Although overfishing is often held responsible for marine ecosystem degeneration, temperature can clearly bring about similar effects. Our results are relevant to ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM), seen as the way forward to manage exploited marine ecosystems.
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Aryanti, C. A., Muslim, H. Suseno i W. R. Prihatiningsih. "The effect of coal-fired power plant (CFPP) operations on food transfer Polonium-210 (210Po) in coastal ecosystem". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 890, nr 1 (1.10.2021): 012067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/890/1/012067.
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Abstract A coal-fired power plant (CFPP) is an option to cover a requirement of supply electrical energy, but in the process of operating, it can release several radionuclides. One of the radionuclides is 210Po which is one of the most radiotoxic natural radionuclides. 210Po radionuclides can move into the food web in marine ecosystems. The transfer of 210Po to marine ecosystems can be determined using a method of impact radiation doses on components of marine ecosystems such as plankton, coral, fish, molluscs, and crustacea. The results show that external and internal doses of 210Po were still below the screening level determined by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), thus does not have an impact on the marine organism ecosystem.
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Taufiqurrahman, Edwards, Hanif Budi Prayitno, Putri Sapira Ibrahim, Herlina Ika Ratnawati i Lilik Maslukah. "Marine Protected Area management under the impacts of climate change and increased human activities in marine ecosystems: A review for Anambas Islands MPA". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1163, nr 1 (1.05.2023): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1163/1/012022.
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Abstract The Anambas Islands is one of richest marine biodiversity area in western part of Indonesia, especially for species appeared in coral reef ecosystems. However, as in other parts of the world, climate change and increased human activities pose threats to the ecosystem’s sustainability. Efforts to maintain the balance of the ecosystem in Anambas Islands have been conducted by stating the Anambas Islands and its surrounding sea as a Marine Protected Area (MPA). Here, we review the studies featuring Anambas Island MPA in ecosystem resilience of the islands. From this review, we suggest that oceanographic parameters, especially marine biogeochemistry parameters, should be further utilized to provide environmental data to be used for policy development in the MPA management. Further research and development using marine biogeochemical parameter monitoring/assessment should be taken into consideration by relevant stakeholders in order to achieve MPA’s objectives.
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Shin, Yunne-Jai, i Lynne J. Shannon. "Using indicators for evaluating, comparing, and communicating the ecological status of exploited marine ecosystems. 1. The IndiSeas project". ICES Journal of Marine Science 67, nr 4 (16.12.2009): 686–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp273.
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Abstract Shin, Y-J., and Shannon, L. J. 2010. Using indicators for evaluating, comparing and communicating the ecological status of exploited marine ecosystems. 1. The IndiSeas project. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 686–691. One of the challenges faced by the scientific community grappling with the ecosystem approach to fisheries is to propose a generic set of synthetic ecological indicators, which would accurately reflect the effects of fisheries on marine ecosystems, and could support sound communication and management practices. The IndiSeas Working Group was established in 2005 under the auspices of the Eur-Oceans Network of Excellence to develop methods to provide indicators-based assessments of the status of exploited marine ecosystems in a comparative framework. Here, we present the two main outputs of the first phase of the project: a suite of papers documenting a combination of indicator-based methods and results comparing the ecological status of the world's exploited marine ecosystems, and a website aiming to communicate these results beyond scientific audiences.
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Komorin, V. M. "Theoretical and methodological aspects of sea ecosystem risks management". Ukrainian hydrometeorological journal, nr 31 (30.06.2023): 33–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31481/uhmj.31.2023.03.
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In the context of worsening anthropogenic impact, climate change and natural disasters, the problem of managing the sea areas' ecosystem risks is becoming quite important. This research aims at exploring the modern theoretical and methodological aspects of the aforesaid scientific orientation and focuses on the analysis and evaluation of existing concepts and strategies.
The article analyses main terms and principles and also presents a conceptual model for managing the sea ecosystem risks that plays a key role in reflecting the main theoretical components and their interrelationships. The model contributes to a better understanding of the structure and characteristics of this theory, emphasizing the complexity of interactions between socio-economic systems and marine ecosystems, as well as the risks arising from such interactions. The main elements of the model include natural and anthropogenic factors and consider their impact on the state of marine ecosystems and the risks associated therewith. The model also focuses on well-being, ecosystem stability and biodiversity, i.e. the parameters determining the status and functionality of marine ecosystems.
The research presents a comparative analysis of various methodologies and strategies of ecosystem risks management. The analysis allowed identification of the most effective of them at certain stages of creating an optimum strategy for managing the ecosystem risks. Risk management strategies can be implemented using a variety of tools, such as marine spatial planning, creation of marine protected areas, basic ecosystem management, resource management, and a marine environmental quality management system developed in accordance with the requirements of the EU Marine Strategy Directive. These strategies integrate different approaches to managing the ecosystem risks and contribute to conservation of ecosystems ensuring the marine environment stability.
The work made it possible to open up the prospects for further scientific research, namely development of hypotheses in order to increase theoretical knowledge and develop practical recommendations in the field of management of water areas' ecosystem risks.
The conclusions of the research are aimed at creating a theoretical and methodological base that will contribute to analyzing and developing effective strategies for managing the water areas' ecosystem risks.
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Coll, Marta, Lynne J. Shannon, Dawit Yemane, Jason S. Link, Henn Ojaveer, Sergio Neira, Didier Jouffre i in. "Ranking the ecological relative status of exploited marine ecosystems". ICES Journal of Marine Science 67, nr 4 (29.11.2009): 769–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp261.
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Abstract Coll, M., Shannon, L. J., Yemane, D., Link, J. S., Ojaveer, H., Neira, S., Jouffre, D., Labrosse, P., Heymans, J. J., Fulton, E. A., and Shin, Y-J. 2010. Ranking the ecological relative status of exploited marine ecosystems. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 769–786. A set of simple, data-based ecological indicators was used to rank exploited ecosystems regarding fishing impacts with respect to their status, trends, and ecosystem EAF attributes. Expected theoretical changes in indicators with respect to increasing fishing impacts were considered, and ecosystems were compared by examining the mean values of indicators in the most recent three years for which data were available and over time (1980–2005 and 1996–2005). Systems were classified into nine potential categories according to whether they were most, moderately, or least impacted, and whether they were becoming more or less impacted, or remaining stationary. The responses of ecological indicators to additional environmental and socio-economic explanatory factors were tested. Ecosystems ranked using short- and long-term trends and states differed because of differences in trends, underscoring the importance of analysing both states and trends in ecosystem analyses. The number of ecosystems classified as unclear or intermediately impacted has increased recently, the proportion of ecosystems classified as less strongly impacted has been maintained, but more now fall within the category more strongly impacted in terms of long-term trends and states. Ecosystem type, fisheries enforcement, primary production, sea temperature, and fishing type were important variables explaining the ecological indicators. The results reflect different changes and processes in the ecosystems, demonstrating that information on ecological, environmental, and fishery histories is crucial to interpreting indicators correctly, while disentangling the effects of fishing and of the environment.
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Parrish, Christopher C. "Lipids in Marine Ecosystems". ISRN Oceanography 2013 (22.04.2013): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2013/604045.
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Lipids provide the densest form of energy in marine ecosystems. They are also a solvent and absorption carrier for organic contaminants and thus can be drivers of pollutant bioaccumulation. Among the lipids, certain essential fatty acids and sterols are considered to be important determinants of ecosystem health and stability. Fatty acids and sterols are also susceptible to oxidative damage leading to cytotoxicity and a decrease in membrane fluidity. The physical characteristics of biological membranes can be defended from the influence of changing temperature, pressure, or lipid peroxidation by altering the fatty acid and sterol composition of the lipid bilayer. Marine lipids are also a valuable tool to measure inputs, cycling, and loss of materials. Their heterogeneous nature makes them versatile biomarkers that are widely used in marine trophic studies, often with the help of multivariate statistics, to delineate carbon cycling and transfer of materials. Principal components analysis has a strong following as it permits data reduction and an objective interpretation of results, but several more sophisticated multivariate analyses which are more quantitative are emerging too. Integrating stable isotope and lipid data can facilitate the interpretation of both data sets and can provide a quantitative estimate of transfer across trophic levels.
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Guarnieri, Giuseppe, i Francesco De Leo. "THE BLUE RESTORATION CONTRIBUTION TO FACE THE CHALLENGING SCALING-UP ISSUE OF MARINE CONSERVATION STRATEGIES IN THE NEXT DECADE". Arquivos de Ciências do Mar 55, Especial (18.03.2022): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.32360/acmar.v55iespecial.78187.
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The continuing degradation of marine ecosystems is widely highlighted as having a significant impact on services they provide for human well-being. To this end, especially during the last decade, numerous national, regional and international aspirations, targets and commitments have been made in order to reverse the detrimental trend affecting the ocean health, which is expected to accelerate in the immediate future. Restoration actions are becoming a common strategy to speed-up the recovery pathway of degraded ecosystems. This recognition also depends on the fact that, in some cases, in addition to traditional conservation strategies (e.g. Marine Protected Areas and Maritime Spatial Planning), “active” restoration may be the only politically feasible approach able to increase the flow of marine ecosystem services to stakeholders, ensuring, at the same time, the mitigation of threats to coastal environments in a reasonable time lag. Given the time-bound target aimed to effectively protect/restore on third of global ecosystems in the upcoming decade, concrete considerations about the potential for scaling-up the restoration interventions across coastal ecosystems are required to prioritise and improve the strategies aimed to cope the urgent conservation issues faced by marine ecosystems at global scale. Here, capitalizing on the most upgraded information on restoration efforts worldwide carried out over nearly five decades, a synthetic (but not exhaustive) analysis of progresses is showed, which could helps to better address the upscaling issue of marine conservation strategies in the immediate future.
Keywords: marine ecosystem restoration, sustainable development, coastal habitats.
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Ma, Ming Fei. "Analysis on Assessment and Prediction of Marine Ecosystem". Applied Mechanics and Materials 507 (styczeń 2014): 821–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.507.821.
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When doing research on marine ecosystem, researchers has figured out a method of setting ecological model based on experimental observations. This paper establishes the marine environmental health assessment model; primarily covering Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), to analyze the evaluation index and weight of the marine ecosystem, then forms the marine ecosystems integrated evaluation model. The feasibility of the model is assessed and predicted by examples. This model also has engineering application vital significance on the evaluation and prediction of marine ecosystem.
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Tam, Jamie C., Jason S. Link, Axel G. Rossberg, Stuart I. Rogers, Philip S. Levin, Marie-Joëlle Rochet, Alida Bundy i in. "Towards ecosystem-based management: identifying operational food-web indicators for marine ecosystems". ICES Journal of Marine Science 74, nr 7 (4.02.2017): 2040–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsw230.
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Abstract Modern approaches to Ecosystem-Based Management and sustainable use of marine resources must account for the myriad of pressures (interspecies, human and environmental) affecting marine ecosystems. The network of feeding interactions between co-existing species and populations (food webs) are an important aspect of all marine ecosystems and biodiversity. Here we describe and discuss a process to evaluate the selection of operational food-web indicators for use in evaluating marine ecosystem status. This process brought together experts in food-web ecology, marine ecology, and resource management, to identify available indicators that can be used to inform marine management. Standard evaluation criteria (availability and quality of data, conceptual basis, communicability, relevancy to management) were implemented to identify practical food-web indicators ready for operational use and indicators that hold promise for future use in policy and management. The major attributes of the final suite of operational food-web indicators were structure and functioning. Indicators that represent resilience of the marine ecosystem were less developed. Over 60 potential food-web indicators were evaluated and the final selection of operational food-web indicators includes: the primary production required to sustain a fishery, the productivity of seabirds (or charismatic megafauna), zooplankton indicators, primary productivity, integrated trophic indicators, and the biomass of trophic guilds. More efforts should be made to develop thresholds-based reference points for achieving Good Environmental Status. There is also a need for international collaborations to develop indicators that will facilitate management in marine ecosystems used by multiple countries.
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Middelboe, Mathias, i Corina Brussaard. "Marine Viruses: Key Players in Marine Ecosystems". Viruses 9, nr 10 (18.10.2017): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v9100302.
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Buonocore, Elvira, Umberto Grande, Pier Paolo Franzese i Giovanni F. Russo. "Trends and Evolution in the Concept of Marine Ecosystem Services: An Overview". Water 13, nr 15 (29.07.2021): 2060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13152060.
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The biotic and abiotic assets of the marine environment form the “marine natural capital” embedded in the global ocean. Marine natural capital provides the flow of “marine ecosystem services” that are directly used or enjoyed by people providing benefits to human well-being. They include provisioning services (e.g., food), regulation and maintenance services (e.g., carbon sequestration and storage, and coastal protection), and cultural services (e.g., tourism and recreational benefits). In recent decades, human activities have increased the pressures on marine ecosystems, often leading to ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss and, in turn, affecting their ability to provide benefits to humans. Therefore, effective management strategies are crucial to the conservation of healthy and diverse marine ecosystems and to ensuring their long-term generation of goods and services. Biophysical, economic, and sociocultural assessments of marine ecosystem services are much needed to convey the importance of natural resources to managers and policy makers supporting the development and implementation of policies oriented for the sustainable management of marine resources. In addition, the accounting of marine ecosystem service values can be usefully complemented by their mapping to enable the identification of priority areas and management strategies and to facilitate science–policy dialogue. Given this premise, this study aims to review trends and evolution in the concept of marine ecosystem services. In particular, the global scientific literature on marine ecosystem services is explored by focusing on the following main aspects: the definition and classification of marine ecosystem services; their loss due to anthropogenic pressures, alternative assessment, and mapping approaches; and the inclusion of marine ecosystem services into policy and decision-making processes.
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Christensen, Villy. "Indicators for marine ecosystems affected by fisheries". Marine and Freshwater Research 51, nr 5 (2000): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf99085.
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The paper explores two types of indicators: Odum’s 24 attributes for describing the state of an ecosystem based on its maturity; and the fishing-in-balance (FIB) index for describing how ecosystem exploitation changes over time. Application of the FIB index to the Gulf of Thailand and the North Atlantic fisheries, describing the development in fisheries catches and their trophic levels over time, reveals that the index is straightforward to parameterize and adds an ecological dimension to fisheries catch series; it is a useful indicator for assessing the impact of fisheries on ecosystems.
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Zhao, Bo, Amin Dou, Zhiwei Zhang, Zhenyu Chen, Wenbo Sun, Yanli Feng, Xiaojuan Wang i Qiang Wang. "Ecosystem-specific patterns and drivers of global reactive iron mineral-associated organic carbon". Biogeosciences 20, nr 23 (1.12.2023): 4761–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4761-2023.
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Abstract. Reactive iron (Fe) oxides are vital for long-term soil or sediment organic carbon (SOC) storage. However, the patterns and drivers of Fe-associated organic carbon (Fe-OC) over global geographic scales under various ecosystem types remain controversial. Here, we provided a systematic assessment of the distribution patterns and determinants of Fe-OC content and its contribution to SOC (fFe-OC) by assembling a global dataset comprising 862 observations from 325 sites in distinct ecosystems. We found that Fe-OC content across global ecosystems ranged from 0 to 83.3 g kg−1 (fFe-OC ranged from 0 % to 82.4 %), reflecting the high variability of the Fe-OC pool. Fe-OC contents varied with ecosystem type being greater in wetlands with a high molar ratio of Fe-OC / dithionite-extractable Fe (Fed) compared with marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Furthermore, fFe-OC in wetlands was significantly lower than that in other ecosystems due to rich organic carbon (OC). In contrast with climate variables and soil pH, the random forest modeling and multivariate analysis showed that the Fe-OC : Fed and SOC were the predominant predictors of Fe-OC content and fFe-OC in wetlands and terrestrial ecosystems, whereas Fed content was a primary driver in marine ecosystems. Based on upper estimates of global SOC storage in various ecosystem types, we further estimated that 83.84 ± 3.8, 172.45 ± 8.74, and 24.48 ± 0.87 Pg of SOC were preserved by association with Fe oxides in wetland, terrestrial, and marine ecosystems, respectively. Taken together, our findings highlighted the importance of reactive Fe oxides in global SOC preservation, and their controlling factors were ecosystem specific.
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Kenchington, Richard A., i Mary T. Agardy. "Achieving Marine Conservation Through Biosphere Reserve Planning and Management". Environmental Conservation 17, nr 1 (1990): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900017276.
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Most marine ecosystems present priorities for conservation which are different from, but no less urgent than, those of terrestrial systems. These priorities relate to understanding and regulating human use and impact within the large scale, and the high but variable degree of connectivity of marine systems. The identification and preservation of remnant examples of marine ecosystems, otherwise destroyed by human activity, is generally less of an issue than it is for terrestrial conservation. As a consequence, the needs of marine conservation are not readily addressed by models developed for terrestrial ecosystems, which are based on excluding or severely limiting human access in managed areas. An exception is the philosophy of the Biosphere Reserve, developed as part of the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Programme. This appears particularly appropriate to marine environments, as it focuses on managing human activities and impacts within the sustainable capacity of the ecosystem.
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Fauzi, Adam Irwansyah, Nur Azizah, Emi Yati, Aulia Try Atmojo, Arif Rohman, Raden Putra, Muhammad Ario Eko Rahadianto i in. "Potential Loss of Ecosystem Service Value Due to Vessel Activity Expansion in Indonesian Marine Protected Areas". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 12, nr 2 (18.02.2023): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12020075.
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Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) number 14 pertains to the preservation of sustainable marine ecosystems by establishing marine protected areas (MPAs). However, studies have reported massive damage to Indonesian marine ecosystems due to shipping pollution, anchors, and fishing nets. Thus, this study estimated the potential loss of ecosystem service value due to vessel activity expansion in the MPAs of Indonesia. This study was divided into three stages. The first stage is vessel activity expansion zone modeling based on kernel density. The second stage is marine ecosystem service value modeling through semantic harmonization, reclassification, and spatial harmonization. The last stage is the overlay of the vessel expansion zone model, marine ecosystem service value model, and the MPA of Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that the marine neritic zone of Indonesia has an ecosystem service value of USD 814.23 billion, of which USD 159.87 billion (19.63%) are in the MPA. However, the increase in vessel activity that occurred in 2013–2018 could potentially lead to the loss of the ecosystem service value of USD 27.63 billion in 14 protected areas. These results can assist policymakers in determining priority conservation areas based on the threat of vessel activity and value of ecosystem services.
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Peck, Myron A., Stefan Neuenfeldt, Timothy E. Essington, Verena M. Trenkel, Akinori Takasuka, Henrik Gislason, Mark Dickey-Collas i in. "Forage Fish Interactions: a symposium on “Creating the tools for ecosystem-based management of marine resources”". ICES Journal of Marine Science 71, nr 1 (1.01.2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fst174.
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Abstract Peck, M. A., Neuenfeldt, S., Essington, T. E., Trenkel, V. M., Takasuka, A., Gislason, H., Dickey-Collas, M., Andersen, K. H., Ravn-Jonsen, L., Vestergaard, N., Kvamsdal, S., Gårdmark, A., Link, J., and Rice, J. Forage Fish Interactions: a symposium on “Creating the tools for ecosystem-based management of marine resources”. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 71: . Forage fish (FF) have a unique position within marine foodwebs and the development of sustainable harvest strategies for FF will be a critical step in advancing and implementing the broader, ecosystem-based management of marine systems. In all, 70 scientists from 16 nations gathered for a symposium on 12–14 November 2012 that was designed to address three key questions regarding the effective management of FF and their ecosystems: (i) how do environmental factors and predator–prey interactions drive the productivity and distribution of FF stocks across ecosystems worldwide, (ii) what are the economic and ecological costs and benefits of different FF management strategies, and (iii) do commonalities exist across ecosystems in terms of the effective management of FF exploitation?
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Park, Jong-Yeon, Charles A. Stock, John P. Dunne, Xiaosong Yang i Anthony Rosati. "Seasonal to multiannual marine ecosystem prediction with a global Earth system model". Science 365, nr 6450 (18.07.2019): 284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aav6634.
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Climate variations have a profound impact on marine ecosystems and the communities that depend upon them. Anticipating ecosystem shifts using global Earth system models (ESMs) could enable communities to adapt to climate fluctuations and contribute to long-term ecosystem resilience. We show that newly developed ESM-based marine biogeochemical predictions can skillfully predict satellite-derived seasonal to multiannual chlorophyll fluctuations in many regions. Prediction skill arises primarily from successfully simulating the chlorophyll response to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and capturing the winter reemergence of subsurface nutrient anomalies in the extratropics, which subsequently affect spring and summer chlorophyll concentrations. Further investigations suggest that interannual fish-catch variations in selected large marine ecosystems can be anticipated from predicted chlorophyll and sea surface temperature anomalies. This result, together with high predictability for other marine-resource–relevant biogeochemical properties (e.g., oxygen, primary production), suggests a role for ESM-based marine biogeochemical predictions in dynamic marine resource management efforts.
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Minicheva, Galyna, Viktor Demchenko i Yevhen Sokolov. "Integrative ecological management of coastal marine and limans ecosystems of Ukraine". E3S Web of Conferences 255 (2021): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125501008.
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Based on the experience of managing coastal marine, and limans ecosystems of Ukraine, the theoretical scheme of Integrative Ecological Management is considered. The scheme includes the “Basic Diagnostic” block for which the key tools are: Basin Assessment, Ecosystem Approach and Ecosystem Services. Geo-information Technologies are demonstrated in order to assess the catchment areas of some limans and coastal marine ecosystems of Ukraine. With the ecosystem approach, it is necessary to use functional indicators for assessing autotrophic, heterotrophic and decomposer communities of the ecosystem, the bind of which is associated with Ecological Status of the water body. It is indicated that an important goal of environmental management is reducing the intensity of anthropogenic flows of substance and energy, which cause destruction of the ecological balance and devaluation of ecosystem services. For the second block of the scheme - “Decision Making” it is proposed to use Priority Management Algorithm principle as an effective tool which allows to achieve the target maximum at minimal cost. At the final stage of the “Target Result”, recommendations that are offered to stakeholders at the local, regional and national level must achievement the main objectives of the Integrative Ecological Management of coastal marine ecosystems and limans.
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Yang, Jian Li, Wan Qing Wu, Xiao Na Jiang i Xing Feng. "Damage Assessment of Marine Ecosystem Service Function Loss Caused by Oil Spill". Advanced Materials Research 573-574 (październik 2012): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.573-574.319.
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For the quantitative calculation of the marine ecosystem service value loss caused by the oil spill, the damage assessment standards of marine ecosystem were established here based on the related knowledge of environmentology, ecology, chemistry, ecotoxicology and so on. First, the types of marine ecosystem and their service functions were classified, then the health assessment on the marine ecosystem was conducted by using Index System Method, and the marine ecosystem service function loss rate was calculated by using the sensitivity analysis method. Finally, the marine ecosystem service value loss of polluted sea area was assessed according to the average public value of different marine ecosystems, and the loss caused by the “Tasman Sea” case was calculated by applying the methods above.
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Xu, Shaochun, Xu Wang, Shidong Yue, Xiaomei Zhang, Yunling Zhang, Chenggang Lin i Yi Zhou. "Coastal Ecological Connectivity between Seagrass Bed and Marine Ranching 30 km Apart: A Case STUDY of Apostichopus japonicus Feeding on Seagrass Debris in the Bohai Sea, China". Sustainability 16, nr 7 (2.04.2024): 2944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16072944.
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Coastal ecosystems form interconnected networks that are essential for the maintenance of marine biodiversity. This study investigates the dietary patterns of Apostichopus japonicus (sea cucumber) within a marine ranching ecosystem and reveals the influence of Zostera marina (seagrass) leaves from a distant bed on nutrient availability and trophic connectivity. Samples collected between September 2020 and March 2021 from Xiangyun Bay included A. japonicus, macroalgae, phytoplankton, and seagrass leaves. Stable isotope analysis (δ13C and δ15N), in conjunction with Bayesian mixing models, elucidated the contributions of different food sources to A. japonicus’ diet. Macroalgae constituted more than 50% of A. japonicus’ diet, while seagrass contributions ranged between 5.7% and 11.3%. The isotopic analysis confirmed the presence of seagrass debris in the marine ranching environment, indicating significant nutrient transport from a remote seagrass bed. This study underscores the crucial role played by macroalgae as the primary source of nutrients for A. japonicus within a marine ranching setting. Furthermore, detecting seagrass debris from a distant habitat highlights previously unrecognized ecological connectivity between seagrass ecosystems and artificial reef environments along coastal areas. This understanding of long-range nutrient transfers is vital for effective management and conservation strategies in coastal marine systems, emphasizing intricate yet significant ecological interdependencies across coastal environments.
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Sala, Enric, i Sylvaine Giakoumi. "No-take marine reserves are the most effective protected areas in the ocean". ICES Journal of Marine Science 75, nr 3 (31.08.2017): 1166–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsx059.
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Abstract Marine protected areas (MPAs) are an essential tool for reversing the global degradation of ocean life. Hence, it is important to know which types of MPAs are more effective, and under which conditions. No-take marine reserves – the MPAs with stronger protection – are very effective in restoring and preserving biodiversity, and in enhancing ecosystem resilience. A new meta-analysis of previous studies shows that biomass of whole fish assemblages in marine reserves is, on average, 670% greater than in adjacent unprotected areas, and 343% greater than in partially-protected MPAs. Marine reserves also help restore the complexity of ecosystems through a chain of ecological effects (trophic cascades) once the abundance of large animals recovers sufficiently. Marine reserves may not be immune to the effects of climate change, but to date, reserves with complex ecosystems are more resilient than unprotected areas. Although marine reserves were conceived to protect ecosystems within their boundaries, they have also been shown to enhance local fisheries and create jobs and new incomes through ecotourism.
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Trenkel, Verena M., Nils Olav Handegard i Thomas C. Weber. "Observing the ocean interior in support of integrated management". ICES Journal of Marine Science 73, nr 8 (31.07.2016): 1947–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsw132.
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Abstract Active- and passive-acoustic methods are widely used tools for observing, monitoring, and understanding marine ecosystems. From 25 to 28 May 2015, 214 scientists from 31 nations gathered for an ICES symposium on Marine Ecosystem Acoustics (SoME Acoustics) to discuss three major themes related to acoustic observations of marine ecosystems: (i) recent developments in acoustic and platform technologies; (ii) acoustic characterisation of aquatic organisms, ecosystem structure, and ecosystem processes; and (iii) contribution of acoustics to integrated ecosystem assessments and management. The development of, and access to new instruments, such as broad bandwidth systems, enables insightful ecological studies and innovative management approaches. Unresolved ecological questions and the increasing move towards ecosystem based management pose further challenges to scientists and instrument developers. Considering the SoME Acoustics presentations in the context of three previous ICES symposia on fisheries acoustics, topics increasingly emphasize ecosystem studies and management. The continued expansion of work and progress in marine ecosystem acoustics is due to the cross-disciplinary work of fisheries acousticians, engineers, ecologists, modellers, and others. An analysis of the symposium co-authorship network reveals a highly connected acoustic science community collaborating around the globe.
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Bisinicu, Elena, Valeria Abaza, Laura Boicenco, Filimon Adrian, George-Emanuel Harcota, Oana Marin, Andra Oros i in. "Spatial Cumulative Assessment of Impact Risk-Implementing Ecosystem-Based Management for Enhanced Sustainability and Biodiversity in the Black Sea". Sustainability 16, nr 11 (24.05.2024): 4449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16114449.
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Marine ecosystems are becoming increasingly vulnerable to cumulative anthropogenic effects and pressures. Therefore, various methodological approaches and tools have been designed to apply cumulative impact appraisal schemes and better assess the dynamics and interactions among pressures affecting marine ecosystems. This study aims to apply the Spatial Cumulative Assessment of Impact Risk for Management (SCAIRM) tool for the Black Sea coastal waters considering human activities, pressures, and effects on different ecosystem components coupled with one management scenario development for actual and new emerging sectors. According to the SCAIRM, the primary pressure on the marine ecosystem was identified as introducing or spreading non-indigenous species from shipping. Additionally, when considering cumulative impact, activities related to coastal defense and flood protection, particularly beach nourishment works, were found to have the highest impact. This is due to the cumulative scores associated with the physical loss from permanent alteration or removal of seabed substrates, and temporary or reversible physical disturbances to the seabed. The scenario development indicated that after shipping, oil and gas exploitation is anticipated to become the second-highest risk sector for additional impact in the Romanian Black Sea. Additionally, the increased military activities related to the war in Ukraine present escalating risks that must be considered in EBM strategies. The results assess the possible effects of human activities and the associated pressures to direct management toward achieving sustainability, biodiversity protection, and the marine ecosystem’s integrity.
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Govers, Laura L., Willem A. Man in ‘t Veld, Johan P. Meffert, Tjeerd J. Bouma, Patricia C. J. van Rijswick, Jannes H. T. Heusinkveld, Robert J. Orth, Marieke M. van Katwijk i Tjisse van der Heide. "Marine Phytophthora species can hamper conservation and restoration of vegetated coastal ecosystems". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, nr 1837 (31.08.2016): 20160812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.0812.
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Phytophthora species are potent pathogens that can devastate terrestrial plants, causing billions of dollars of damage yearly to agricultural crops and harming fragile ecosystems worldwide. Yet, virtually nothing is known about the distribution and pathogenicity of their marine relatives. This is surprising, as marine plants form vital habitats in coastal zones worldwide (i.e. mangrove forests, salt marshes, seagrass beds), and disease may be an important bottleneck for the conservation and restoration of these rapidly declining ecosystems. We are the first to report on widespread infection of Phytophthora and Halophytophthora species on a common seagrass species, Zostera marina (eelgrass), across the northern Atlantic and Mediterranean. In addition, we tested the effects of Halophytophthora sp. Zostera and Phytophthora gemini on Z. marina seed germination in a full-factorial laboratory experiment under various environmental conditions. Results suggest that Phytophthora species are widespread as we found these oomycetes in eelgrass beds in six countries across the North Atlantic and Mediterranean. Infection by Halophytophthora sp . Zostera, P. gemini , or both, strongly affected sexual reproduction by reducing seed germination sixfold. Our findings have important implications for seagrass ecology, because these putative pathogens probably negatively affect ecosystem functioning, as well as current restoration and conservation efforts.
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Higgins, Jonathan, John Zablocki, Amy Newsock, Andras Krolopp, Phillip Tabas i Michael Salama. "Durable Freshwater Protection: A Framework for Establishing and Maintaining Long-Term Protection for Freshwater Ecosystems and the Values They Sustain". Sustainability 13, nr 4 (11.02.2021): 1950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041950.
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Long-term protection is needed to secure threatened freshwater ecosystems and the social and biodiversity values they provide. In the face of existing and future pressures, current approaches to freshwater protection are often inadequate for maintaining ecosystem values into the future. While terrestrial and marine ecosystem protection are well recognized and have area-based protection goals in global conventions, freshwater ecosystem characteristics have remained poorly represented in these goals. Freshwater ecosystems are commonly secondary or unaddressed components of area-based terrestrial protection. The design and management for terrestrial-based protection are generally inadequate for addressing freshwater ecosystem processes and attributes critical for maintaining their natural patterns and the values they provide to people and nature. Given that freshwater-dependent species are declining at a faster rate than marine and terrestrial species, and the reliance and use of freshwater ecosystems by people living around such areas, approaches to protect them must balance the needs of people and nature and accommodate these complexities.
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Sidauruk, Tumiar, M. Taufik Rahmadi, Sugiharto Sugiharto, Ayu Suciani, Rima Meilita Sari i Eni Yuniastuti. "Distribution analysis of coral reefs for development of marine tourism in Weh Island, Aceh, Indonesia". Depik 11, nr 2 (19.08.2022): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.13170/depik.11.2.25919.
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One of the most attractive ecosystems to be used as tourist destinations is coral reefs. The coral reef ecosystem on Weh Island, Aceh, Indonesia is one of the coastal ecosystems that have a strategic role in ecological and economic development. One of the ecological and economic development efforts can be done through marine tourism. This study aims to analyze the distribution of coral reefs to develop marine tourism in Weh Island. This study uses Landsat 8 OLI image data and field observations. The technique used in this research is the image data analysis technique using multispectral classification. The results showed that the coral reefs on Weh Island in 2020 amounted to 13,136,000 Ha. Therefore, the development of marine tourism must create tourism zones to maintain the sustainability of coral reef ecosystems.
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Oktaviani, Dewi, Sunardi i Dadan Sumiarsa. "Carbon stock of mangrove ecosystem and role blue economy in Pangandaran West Java". E3S Web of Conferences 495 (2024): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202449502002.
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The mangrove ecosystem is a forest area that grows in coastal areas and is located at a distance of 200 meters from the shoreline. Mangroves are one of the blue-carbon ecosystems that can absorb CO2 through the process of photosynthesis and store carbon in the form of biomass in the soil. Mangroves are the second largest store of carbon stocks in waters after coral reefs. The availability of mangrove ecosystem carbon stock data is very important as a baseline in the greenhouse data inventory from blue carbon ecosystems. Blue carbon can be used as a reference for the welfare of coastal communities commonly called the blue economy, the blue economy focuses on generating economic growth from the fisheries and marine sector in Indonesia. Marine ecosystems are also impacted by climate change. Based on data from WWF's Living Blue Planet Report 2015, the number of marine populations decreased by 49% in the period 1970- 2012. The data is closely related to the sustainable economic growth of the marine fisheries sector, in this case, the mangrove ecosystem. Analysis of mangrove ecosystems using circle plots carried out measurements of tree diameter and length and identification of tree species according to predetermined subplots then analyzed the amount of carbon stock using the Allometric Equation Model. The result obtained is that 80% of mangrove habitat conditions are still very good so they can contribute to producing a total stored carbon stock (blue carbon) of 55.98 tons/ha this can be an ecosystem service for the surrounding community that can increase the blue economy in the Pangandaran area of West Java.
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Fenchel, Tom, i Franz Uiblein. "Marine Biology Research– Ocean Exploration and Marine Ecosystems". Marine Biology Research 3, nr 4 (sierpień 2007): 189–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17451000701496422.
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Lovelock, Catherine E., i Carlos M. Duarte. "Dimensions of Blue Carbon and emerging perspectives". Biology Letters 15, nr 3 (marzec 2019): 20180781. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2018.0781.
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Blue Carbon is a term coined in 2009 to draw attention to the degradation of marine and coastal ecosystems and the need to conserve and restore them to mitigate climate change and for the other ecosystem services they provide. Blue Carbon has multiple meanings, which we aim to clarify here, which reflect the original descriptions of the concept including (1) all organic matter captured by marine organisms, and (2) how marine ecosystems could be managed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and thereby contribute to climate change mitigation and conservation. The multifaceted nature of the Blue Carbon concept has led to unprecedented collaboration across disciplines, where scientists, conservationists and policy makers have interacted intensely to advance shared goals. Some coastal ecosystems (mangroves, tidal marshes and seagrass) are established Blue Carbon ecosystems as they often have high carbon stocks, support long-term carbon storage, offer the potential to manage greenhouse gas emissions and support other adaptation policies. Some marine ecosystems do not meet key criteria for inclusion within the Blue Carbon framework (e.g. fish, bivalves and coral reefs). Others have gaps in scientific understanding of carbon stocks or greenhouse gas fluxes, or currently there is limited potential for management or accounting for carbon sequestration (macroalgae and phytoplankton), but may be considered Blue Carbon ecosystems in the future, once these gaps are addressed.
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Nababan, Yoel Nopriadi. "Scuba Diving As Sustainability Economic Marine Ecotourism". JOURNAL OF OCEANOGRAPHY AND AQUATIC SCIENCE 1, nr 2 (30.05.2023): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.56855/joane.v1i2.338.
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Diving ecotourism is a form of adventure tourism that has high economic value in marine ecosystems, especially coral reef ecosystems, contributing at least 4 billion USD annually in the Southeast Asian region. In particular, diving tourism worth more than 150 million USD has contributed significant income and employment to many islands and coastal communities in Southeast Asian countries. Another research have a plan that blue economy become base of scuba diving eco-tourism as economic concern and use community-based ecotourism (CBET) within the developing market dynamics of the blue economy. Many coastal communities around the world are strongly dependent on the need to find a balance between protecting marine biodiversity and maintaining a sustainable and direct access to ecosystem services. Healthy coastal ecosystems support livelihoods and provide protection from natural hazards, coastal erosion and rising sea levels, particularly in small island developing states. The blue economy discourse has made considerable inroads towards bridging the gap between livelihoods and ocean health. Although different actors involved in marine and ocean governance are using the blue economy term in competing and often conflicting ways, the wider consensus is that economies and human wellbeing rely on healthy eco-systems. Scuba diving tourists can help fund marine conservation initiatives and research. Some dive operators, for example, contribute a percentage of their income to marine conservation groups or engage in citizen science pro-grams that collect data on marine ecosystems. Scuba diving tourism can help safeguard marine habitats and encourage sustainable practices by funding research and conservation activities. Overall, scuba diving tourism provides a one-of-a-kind opportunity to enjoy the beauty and diversity of marine ecosystems while also offering considerable economic benefits and aiding marine conservation.