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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Marine ecosystem management – Scotland”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 29 lipca 2024

Data aktualizacji: 30 lipca 2024

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1

Heymans, Johanna J., Kerry L. Howell, Morag Ayers, Michael T. Burrows, John D. M. Gordon, Emma G. Jones i Francis Neat. "Do we have enough information to apply the ecosystem approach to management of deep-sea fisheries? An example from the West of Scotland". ICES Journal of Marine Science 68, nr 2 (30.06.2010): 265–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsq065.

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Abstract Heymans, J. J., Howell, K. L., Ayers, M., Burrows, M. T., Gordon, J. D. M., Jones, E. G., and Neat, F. 2011. Do we have enough information to apply the ecosystem approach to management of deep-sea fisheries? An example from the West of Scotland. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 265–280. There is currently a global call for more use of an ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAFM), and ecosystem models such as Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) are being used to provide a holistic view of ecosystem–fisheries interactions. Although these can be useful for an EAFM, the relative paucity of data available for deep-sea ecosystems raises concerns whether we can effectively apply an EAFM to the deep sea. The deep-sea ecosystem off the west coast of Scotland has been studied for longer and in more detail than most. This study assimilates the significant published and unpublished information available on this ecosystem into an EwE model. The results suggest that there are sufficient data available to construct an ecosystem model, but the quality of the data varies and serious potential sources of error are present in biomass and discard estimates. The assumptions needed to produce a model are varied and must be considered when interpreting the outputs of the model. Ecosystem modelling provides a unique view of the deep-water ecosystem and facilitates hypothesis development concerning predator–prey and inter-fishery interactions. Sharks are used to illustrate the benefits of using an ecosystem model to describe changes in their biomass and their prey species. The results show that both fishing for sharks and fishing for their prey affect the biomass of sharks.

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Sangiuliano, Stephen J. "Analysing the prevalence of ecosystem services in the objectives and policies of Scotland's National Marine Plan". Marine Policy 104 (czerwiec 2019): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2019.02.048.

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Casal, Gema, Clara Cordeiro i Tim McCarthy. "Using Satellite-Based Data to Facilitate Consistent Monitoring of the Marine Environment around Ireland". Remote Sensing 14, nr 7 (6.04.2022): 1749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14071749.

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As an island nation, Ireland needs to ensure effective management measures to protect marine ecosystems and their services, such as the provision of fishery resources. The characterization of marine waters using satellite data can contribute to a better understanding of variations in the upper ocean and, consequently, the effect of their changes on species populations. In this study, nineteen years (1998–2016) of monthly data of essential climate variables (ECVs), chlorophyll (Chl-a), and the diffuse attenuation coefficient (K490) were used, together with previous analyses of sea surface temperature (SST), to investigate the temporal and spatial variability of surface waters around Ireland. The study area was restricted to specific geographically delineated divisions, as defined by the International Council of the Exploration of the Seas (ICES). The results showed that SST and Chl-a were positively and significantly correlated in ICES divisions corresponding to oceanic waters, while in coastal divisions, SST and Chl-a showed a significant negative correlation. Chl-a and K490 were positively correlated in all cases, suggesting an important role of phytoplankton in light attenuation. Chl-a and K490 had significant trends in most of the divisions, reaching maximum values of 1.45% and 0.08% per year, respectively. The strongest seasonal Chl-a trends were observed in divisions VIId and VIIe (the English Channel), primarily in the summer months, followed by northern divisions VIa (west of Scotland) and VIb (Rockall) in the winter months.

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Butterworth, Douglas S. "Antarctic marine ecosystem management". Polar Record 23, nr 142 (styczeń 1986): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400006781.

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ABSTRACTThis article describes a framework within which an initial strategy could be developed for managing commercial exploitation of marine living resources of the Southern Ocean, particularly of krill and fish, in accordance with Article II of the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). Quantitative predictions involving multi–species models are needed to assess any indirect impacts of fish or krill exploitation, and also for management to restore depleted populations. This article recommends research to provide the knowledge necessary for the models (identifying key species, estimating their demographic status, and experimental interference), and suggests interim management action to delimit management areas, agree target levels for stock–size, and monitor stocks. Early efforts to model the fishing operation are particularly recommended.

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Mooney, H. "« Ecosystem management for sustainable marine fisheries »". Nature Sciences Sociétés 6, nr 2 (6.04.1998): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1240-1307(98)80066-6.

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Mooney, Harold A. "ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE MARINE FISHERIES1". Ecological Applications 8, sp1 (luty 1998): S1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(1998)8[s1:emfsmf]2.0.co;2.

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Link, Jason S., Jon K. T. Brodziak, Steve F. Edwards, William J. Overholtz, David Mountain, Jack W. Jossi, Tim D. Smith i Michael J. Fogarty. "Marine ecosystem assessment in a fisheries management context". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 59, nr 9 (1.09.2002): 1429–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f02-115.

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We examined a suite of abiotic, biotic, and human metrics for the northeast U.S. continental shelf ecosystem at the aggregate, community, and system level (>30 different metrics) over three decades. Our primary goals were to describe ecosystem status, to improve understanding of the relationships between key ecosystem processes, and to evaluate potential reference points for ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM). To this end, empirical indicators of ecosystem status were examined and standard multivariate statistical methods were applied to describe changes in the system. We found that (i) a suite of metrics is required to accurately characterize ecosystem status and, conversely, that focusing on a few metrics may be misleading; (ii) assessment of ecosystem status is feasible for marine ecosystems; (iii) multivariate points of reference can be determined for EBFM; and (iv) the concept of reference directions could provide an ecosystem level analog to single-species reference points.

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Levin, Simon A., i Jane Lubchenco. "Resilience, Robustness, and Marine Ecosystem-based Management". BioScience 58, nr 1 (1.01.2008): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1641/b580107.

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Sanchirico, James N., Daniel K. Lew, Alan C. Haynie, David M. Kling i David F. Layton. "Conservation values in marine ecosystem-based management". Marine Policy 38 (marzec 2013): 523–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2012.08.008.

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Long, Rachel D., Anthony Charles i Robert L. Stephenson. "Key principles of marine ecosystem-based management". Marine Policy 57 (lipiec 2015): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2015.01.013.

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Quérou, N., i A. Tomini. "Marine Ecosystem Considerations and Second-Best Management". Environmental and Resource Economics 70, nr 2 (2.05.2017): 381–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10640-017-0125-8.

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Link, Jason S., Mark Dickey-Collas, Murray Rudd, Richard McLaughlin, Nicol M. Macdonald, Torsten Thiele, Johanna Ferretti, Ellen Johannesen i Margaret Rae. "Clarifying mandates for marine ecosystem-based management". ICES Journal of Marine Science 76, nr 1 (16.11.2018): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsy169.

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Muir, D. C. G., R. Wagemann, B. T. Hargrave, D. J. Thomas, D. B. Peakall i R. J. Norstrom. "Arctic marine ecosystem contamination". Science of The Total Environment 122, nr 1-2 (lipiec 1992): 75–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(92)90246-o.

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Levin, Phillip S., i Christian Möllmann. "Marine ecosystem regime shifts: challenges and opportunities for ecosystem-based management". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, nr 1659 (5.01.2015): 20130275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0275.

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Regime shifts have been observed in marine ecosystems around the globe. These phenomena can result in dramatic changes in the provision of ecosystem services to coastal communities. Accounting for regime shifts in management clearly requires integrative, ecosystem-based management (EBM) approaches. EBM has emerged as an accepted paradigm for ocean management worldwide, yet, despite the rapid and intense development of EBM theory, implementation has languished, and many implemented or proposed EBM schemes largely ignore the special characteristics of regime shifts. Here, we first explore key aspects of regime shifts that are of critical importance to EBM, and then suggest how regime shifts can be better incorporated into EBM using the concept of integrated ecosystem assessment (IEA). An IEA uses approaches that determine the likelihood that ecological or socio-economic properties of systems will move beyond or return to acceptable bounds as defined by resource managers and policy makers. We suggest an approach for implementing IEAs for cases of regime shifts where the objectives are either avoiding an undesired state or returning to a desired condition. We discuss the suitability and short-comings of methods summarizing the status of ecosystem components, screening and prioritizing potential risks, and evaluating alternative management strategies. IEAs are evolving as an EBM approach that can address regime shifts; however, advances in statistical, analytical and simulation modelling are needed before IEAs can robustly inform tactical management in systems characterized by regime shifts.

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Patel, Hasanain Imtiaz Ismail, i Raja Oloan Saut Gurning. "INCREASING MARINE TOURISM WITH MARINE SPATIAL PLANNING METHOD AND GROWTH OF MARINE ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT OF UNUSED MARINE AREAS". Journal of Marine-Earth Science and Technology 4, nr 2 (1.02.2024): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j27745449.v4i2.1059.

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The current state of the art of ecosystem-based marine spatial management (EB-MSM), a new approach to ocean management that is being supported all over the world as the best means of ensuring the sustainability of marine ecosystems. It aims to sustain robust, fruitful, and resilient ecosystems that supply essential products and services while withstanding human influences. It concentrates on all interactions within a marine ecosystem, including human interactions. The most cutting-edge science and innovative methods are needed for successful implementation. Focusing on the role of marine spatial planning (MSP) in marine ecosystem management and discussing the use of MSP to manage the risks associated with geohazards and climate change. Including creation of networks of marine protected areas (MPAs), how maritime activities are distributed both spatially and temporally, flexibility in fisheries management, actions to promote coastal resilience, the restoration of vital coastal ecosystems, the establishment of buffer zones between permanent structures and the coastline, and the implementation of risk-mitigation tools like monitoring programs and warning systems. More responsive demands of coastal countries and more actively supporting the economic integration of foreign operators and tourism. Even during disputes or cancellations, innovative ideas and agreements can stimulate the economy. For instance, a third party can create jobs in sub-Saharan West Africa, while a recreation area could increase tourist in Indonesia.

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Trenkel, Verena M., Nils Olav Handegard i Thomas C. Weber. "Observing the ocean interior in support of integrated management". ICES Journal of Marine Science 73, nr 8 (31.07.2016): 1947–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsw132.

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Abstract Active- and passive-acoustic methods are widely used tools for observing, monitoring, and understanding marine ecosystems. From 25 to 28 May 2015, 214 scientists from 31 nations gathered for an ICES symposium on Marine Ecosystem Acoustics (SoME Acoustics) to discuss three major themes related to acoustic observations of marine ecosystems: (i) recent developments in acoustic and platform technologies; (ii) acoustic characterisation of aquatic organisms, ecosystem structure, and ecosystem processes; and (iii) contribution of acoustics to integrated ecosystem assessments and management. The development of, and access to new instruments, such as broad bandwidth systems, enables insightful ecological studies and innovative management approaches. Unresolved ecological questions and the increasing move towards ecosystem based management pose further challenges to scientists and instrument developers. Considering the SoME Acoustics presentations in the context of three previous ICES symposia on fisheries acoustics, topics increasingly emphasize ecosystem studies and management. The continued expansion of work and progress in marine ecosystem acoustics is due to the cross-disciplinary work of fisheries acousticians, engineers, ecologists, modellers, and others. An analysis of the symposium co-authorship network reveals a highly connected acoustic science community collaborating around the globe.

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Komorin, V. M. "Theoretical and methodological aspects of sea ecosystem risks management". Ukrainian hydrometeorological journal, nr 31 (30.06.2023): 33–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31481/uhmj.31.2023.03.

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In the context of worsening anthropogenic impact, climate change and natural disasters, the problem of managing the sea areas' ecosystem risks is becoming quite important. This research aims at exploring the modern theoretical and methodological aspects of the aforesaid scientific orientation and focuses on the analysis and evaluation of existing concepts and strategies. The article analyses main terms and principles and also presents a conceptual model for managing the sea ecosystem risks that plays a key role in reflecting the main theoretical components and their interrelationships. The model contributes to a better understanding of the structure and characteristics of this theory, emphasizing the complexity of interactions between socio-economic systems and marine ecosystems, as well as the risks arising from such interactions. The main elements of the model include natural and anthropogenic factors and consider their impact on the state of marine ecosystems and the risks associated therewith. The model also focuses on well-being, ecosystem stability and biodiversity, i.e. the parameters determining the status and functionality of marine ecosystems. The research presents a comparative analysis of various methodologies and strategies of ecosystem risks management. The analysis allowed identification of the most effective of them at certain stages of creating an optimum strategy for managing the ecosystem risks. Risk management strategies can be implemented using a variety of tools, such as marine spatial planning, creation of marine protected areas, basic ecosystem management, resource management, and a marine environmental quality management system developed in accordance with the requirements of the EU Marine Strategy Directive. These strategies integrate different approaches to managing the ecosystem risks and contribute to conservation of ecosystems ensuring the marine environment stability. The work made it possible to open up the prospects for further scientific research, namely development of hypotheses in order to increase theoretical knowledge and develop practical recommendations in the field of management of water areas' ecosystem risks. The conclusions of the research are aimed at creating a theoretical and methodological base that will contribute to analyzing and developing effective strategies for managing the water areas' ecosystem risks.

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Arkema, Katie K., Sarah C. Abramson i Bryan M. Dewsbury. "Marine ecosystem-based management: from characterization to implementation". Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 4, nr 10 (grudzień 2006): 525–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/1540-9295(2006)4[525:memfct]2.0.co;2.

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Bermas-Atrigenio, Nancy A., i Thia-Eng Chua. "Utilizing science in advancing marine ecosystem-based management". Ocean & Coastal Management 81 (wrzesień 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2012.12.003.

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Xuefen, Yao, i Zhang Luoping. "Review on the Progress of Marine Ecosystem Management". Chinese Journal of Population Resources and Environment 5, nr 1 (styczeń 2007): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10042857.2007.10677493.

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Curtin, Richard, i Raúl Prellezo. "Understanding marine ecosystem based management: A literature review". Marine Policy 34, nr 5 (wrzesień 2010): 821–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2010.01.003.

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Trenkel, Verena M., Niels T. Hintzen, Keith D. Farnsworth, Christian Olesen, David Reid, Anna Rindorf, Samuel Shephard i Mark Dickey-Collas. "Identifying marine pelagic ecosystem management objectives and indicators". Marine Policy 55 (maj 2015): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2015.01.002.

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Gregr, Edward J., i Kai M. A. Chan. "Making science relevant to marine ecosystem-based management". Biological Conservation 144, nr 2 (luty 2011): 670–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.11.012.

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Smith, David C., Elizabeth A. Fulton, Petrina Apfel, Ian D. Cresswell, Bronwyn M. Gillanders, Marcus Haward, Keith J. Sainsbury, Anthony D. M. Smith, Joanna Vince i Tim M. Ward. "Implementing marine ecosystem-based management: lessons from Australia". ICES Journal of Marine Science 74, nr 7 (12.07.2017): 1990–2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsx113.

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Abstract Ecosystem-based management (EBM) is now widely accepted as the best means of managing the complex interactions in marine systems. However, progress towards implementing and operationalizing it has been slow. We take a pragmatic approach to EBM. Our simple definition is balancing human activities and environmental stewardship in a multiple-use context. In this paper, we present case studies on the development and implementation of EBM in Australia. The case studies (Australia’s Ocean Policy, the Great Barrier Reef, New South Wales (NSW) marine estate, Gladstone Harbour, and South Australia and Spencer Gulf) span different spatial scales, from national to regional to local. They also cover different levels of governance or legislated mandate. We identify the key learnings, necessary components and future needs to support better implementation. These include requirements for clearly identified needs and objectives, stakeholder ownership, well defined governance frameworks, and scientific tools to deal with conflicts and trade-offs. Without all these components, multi-sector management will be difficult and there will be a tendency to maintain a focus on single sectors. While the need to manage individual sectors remains important and is often challenging, this alone will not necessarily ensure sustainable management of marine systems confronted by increasing cumulative impacts.

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Goñi, R. "Ecosystem effects of marine fisheries". Ocean & Coastal Management 40, nr 1 (lipiec 1998): 37–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0964-5691(98)00037-4.

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Menzel, Susanne, Carrie V. Kappel, Bernardo R. Broitman, Fiorenza Micheli i Andrew A. Rosenberg. "Linking human activity and ecosystem condition to inform marine ecosystem based management". Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 23, nr 4 (5.05.2013): 506–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aqc.2365.

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REITER, MICHAEL A., GARY C. MATLOCK, JOHN H. GENTILE, MARK A. HARWELL, RUTH KELTY, JOHN W. BARKO, SUSAN BAKER i GEOFF SCOTT. "AN INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK FOR INFORMING COASTAL AND MARINE ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT DECISIONS". Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 15, nr 01 (marzec 2013): 1350003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333213500038.

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Ecosystem management requires understanding society's goals for an ecosystem and managing for some optimal solution. Unlike terrestrial ecosystem managers, coastal and marine ecosystem management seldom integrates across sectors or scientific disciplines to achieve desired social benefits. An Integrated Ecosystem Assessment (IEA) considers the ecosystem (including humans) as a unit and can assist in setting goals, determining an ecosystem's ability to support ecological processes and society's desires, and predicting the outcome of alternatives. The use of Coupled Ecological-Societal Systems Models utilised within the Integrated Assessment and Ecosystem Management Protocol (IAEMP) allows managers to extend a graphical picture of risk hypotheses to forecast scenarios that can be analysed relative to management goals. Scenarios predicted to meet management goals are evaluated against management constraints to select the "optimal" option for a management action in an adaptive management process. The IAEMP thus helps characterise potential causes of environmental problems, select appropriate response options, and implement and evaluate the selected option, thereby either addressing the concern or improving the ecosystem model for future decisions.

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Che Din, Mohd Safuan, Nazli Aziz, Izarenah Md Repin, Xiong-Zhi Xue, Muhammad Ashraf Abdul Rahman, Zainudin Bachok, Nik Nurhazirah Nik Omar, Nor Hafzan Abd Rasid i Wan Izatul Asma Wan Talaat. "Assessment of Governance and Ecological Status of Terengganu Marine Park, Malaysia: Toward Marine Spatial Planning". Sains Malaysiana 51, nr 12 (31.12.2022): 3909–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5112-04.

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Terengganu Marine Parks (TMP) is a 591.37 km2 marine protected area. TMP are popular tourist destinations that significantly generate revenue to the government and local businesses through tourism sector. However, the anthropogenic activities have contributed to TMP’s declining ecosystem health, particularly the coral reefs. Therefore, a sustainable ecosystem-based management is required to maintain the ecosystem. In this study, we identify issues related to the marine park’s governance, development on islands, tourist activities and coral health status in the TMP for assessing potential management strategy for conserving the ecosystem. The findings on management in TMP found that there is an overlapping in managing the marine park between the federal and state government. Unintegrated development to accommodate rising number of tourist and their activities in the marine parks are identified as the factors contributing towards degradation of the ecosystems. Relatively, reef areas close to these local pressures are in ‘poor’ condition, indicating that threats arising from the activities affecting the marine ecosystem. Hence, this study analyses the potentials in adopting Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) in the TMP for managing the conflict between user and the ecosystem. The Australian Great Barrier Reef Marine Park which applied the zoning of marine area is used as a benchmark to examine the best practices of MSP to govern the TMP. At present, we suggest using coral reef health status as an early alternative and best practice to provide different zoning criteria for strategic marine protected area (MPA) management for TMP.

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Buonocore, Elvira, Umberto Grande, Pier Paolo Franzese i Giovanni F. Russo. "Trends and Evolution in the Concept of Marine Ecosystem Services: An Overview". Water 13, nr 15 (29.07.2021): 2060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13152060.

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The biotic and abiotic assets of the marine environment form the “marine natural capital” embedded in the global ocean. Marine natural capital provides the flow of “marine ecosystem services” that are directly used or enjoyed by people providing benefits to human well-being. They include provisioning services (e.g., food), regulation and maintenance services (e.g., carbon sequestration and storage, and coastal protection), and cultural services (e.g., tourism and recreational benefits). In recent decades, human activities have increased the pressures on marine ecosystems, often leading to ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss and, in turn, affecting their ability to provide benefits to humans. Therefore, effective management strategies are crucial to the conservation of healthy and diverse marine ecosystems and to ensuring their long-term generation of goods and services. Biophysical, economic, and sociocultural assessments of marine ecosystem services are much needed to convey the importance of natural resources to managers and policy makers supporting the development and implementation of policies oriented for the sustainable management of marine resources. In addition, the accounting of marine ecosystem service values can be usefully complemented by their mapping to enable the identification of priority areas and management strategies and to facilitate science–policy dialogue. Given this premise, this study aims to review trends and evolution in the concept of marine ecosystem services. In particular, the global scientific literature on marine ecosystem services is explored by focusing on the following main aspects: the definition and classification of marine ecosystem services; their loss due to anthropogenic pressures, alternative assessment, and mapping approaches; and the inclusion of marine ecosystem services into policy and decision-making processes.

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Guo, Chuanbo, Caihong Fu, Norm Olsen, Yi Xu, Arnaud Grüss, Huizhu Liu, Philippe Verley i Yunne-Jai Shin. "Incorporating environmental forcing in developing ecosystem-based fisheries management strategies". ICES Journal of Marine Science 77, nr 2 (20.12.2019): 500–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsz246.

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Abstract This study incorporated two pathways of environmental forcing (i.e. “larval mortality forcing” and “somatic growth forcing”) into an end-to-end ecosystem model (Object-oriented Simulator of Marine ecOSystEms, OSMOSE) developed for the Pacific North Coast Integrated Management Area (PNCIMA) off western Canada, in order to evaluate alternative fisheries management strategies under environmental changes. With a suite of ecosystem-level indicators, the present study first compared the ecosystem effects of different pathways of environmental forcing scenarios; and then evaluated the alternative fisheries management strategies which encompassed a series of fishing mortality rates relative to FMSY (the fishing mortality rate that produces maximum sustainable yield) and a set of precautionary harvest control rules (HCRs). The main objectives of this study were to (i) explore the ecosystem effects of different environmental forcing scenarios; (ii) identify the impacts of different fishing mortality rates on marine ecosystem structure and function; and (iii) evaluate the ecosystem-level performance of various levels of precautionary HCRs. Results indicated that different pathways of environmental forcing had different ecosystem effects and incorporating appropriate HCRs in the fisheries management process could help maintain ecosystem health and sustainable fisheries. This study provides important information on future fisheries management options within similar marine ecosystems that are facing global changes.

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Wiener, Carlie S., Malia A. J. Rivera, Robert J. Toonen, Jo-Ann C. Leong, Randall K. Kosaki, Stephen Karl, Kaylene Keller i Hoku Johnson. "Creating Effective Partnerships in Ecosystem-Based Management: A Culture of Science and Management". Journal of Marine Biology 2011 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/241610.

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An ecosystem-based management research partnership between the Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology and Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, specifically with the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve and, later, the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, provides a case study to analyze integration of scientific research into management plans through collaborative communications. Ecosystem-based management seeks input from disparate stakeholders and requires effective communication systems for the public, science, and management partners that bypass differences in organizational culture and communication styles. Here, we examine a successful partnership within the framework of ecosystem-based management to survey and evaluate cultural differences, understand what facilitates collaborative communication, highlight factors that impede a successful partnership, and identify areas for improvement. Effective communication has been achieved through an analysis of the organizations cultures and structures to better define communication links. Although specific differences were noted in organization and style, successful integration was accomplished through techniques such as the development of symposia and semiannual reports. This paper will explore the organizational culture analysis and structure evaluation, which are components of a larger study. This science management integration project is an example of how organizational analysis can lead to recommendations for improved communication and integration of science and management.

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Scholz, Sabine, Manuel Serif, David Schleheck, Martin D. J. Sayer, Alasdair M. Cook i Frithjof Christian Küpper. "Sulfoquinovose metabolism in marine algae". Botanica Marina 64, nr 4 (19.07.2021): 301–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bot-2020-0023.

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Abstract This study aimed to survey algal model organisms, covering phylogenetically representative and ecologically relevant taxa. Reports about the occurrence of sulfonates (particularly sulfoquinovose, taurine, and isethionate) in marine algae are scarce, and their likely relevance in global biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem functioning is poorly known. Using both field-collected seaweeds from NW Scotland and cultured strains, a combination of enzyme assays, high-performance liquid chromatography and matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to detect key sulfonates in algal extracts. This was complemented by bioinformatics, mining the publicly available genome sequences of algal models. The results confirm the widespread presence of sulfonates and their biosynthetic pathways in macro- and microalgae. However, it is also clear that catabolic pathways, if present, must be different from those documented from the bacterial systems since no complete cluster of gene homologues of key genes could be detected in algal genomes.

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Möllmann, Christian, Alessandra Conversi i Martin Edwards. "Comparative analysis of European wide marine ecosystem shifts: a large-scale approach for developing the basis for ecosystem-based management". Biology Letters 7, nr 4 (26.01.2011): 484–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.1213.

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Abrupt and rapid ecosystem shifts (where major reorganizations of food-web and community structures occur), commonly termed regime shifts, are changes between contrasting and persisting states of ecosystem structure and function. These shifts have been increasingly reported for exploited marine ecosystems around the world from the North Pacific to the North Atlantic. Understanding the drivers and mechanisms leading to marine ecosystem shifts is crucial in developing adaptive management strategies to achieve sustainable exploitation of marine ecosystems. An international workshop on a comparative approach to analysing these marine ecosystem shifts was held at Hamburg University, Institute for Hydrobiology and Fisheries Science, Germany on 1–3 November 2010. Twenty-seven scientists from 14 countries attended the meeting, representing specialists from seven marine regions, including the Baltic Sea, the North Sea, the Barents Sea, the Black Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, the Bay of Biscay and the Scotian Shelf off the Canadian East coast. The goal of the workshop was to conduct the first large-scale comparison of marine ecosystem regime shifts across multiple regional areas, in order to support the development of ecosystem-based management strategies.

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Crowder, Larry, i Elliott Norse. "Essential ecological insights for marine ecosystem-based management and marine spatial planning". Marine Policy 32, nr 5 (wrzesień 2008): 772–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2008.03.012.

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Lassen, Hans, Søren Anker Pedersen, Hans Frost i Ayoe Hoff. "Fishery management advice with ecosystem considerations". ICES Journal of Marine Science 70, nr 2 (22.01.2013): 471–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fss208.

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Abstract Lassen, H., Pedersen, S. A., Frost, H., and Hoff. A. 2013. Fishery management advice with ecosystem considerations. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 471–479. The European Union Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) includes four descriptors of Good Environmental Status (GES) which are affected by fishing activity. These descriptors are: biodiversity, fish stocks, foodweb, and seabed integrity. This paper shows how these descriptors can be related to variables within an ecological model and how an ecological model can be used to analyse whether the fishing pressure that is estimated based on bioeconomic criteria is within general sustainable limits. The paper presents an example of such an analysis of the Eastern Baltic cod fishery using two models: a bioeconomic model and an ecological model. The models are calibrated based on historic data. The mapping between the descriptors specified by MSFD and variables available for analysis in the models is incomplete, e.g. genetics and spatial structures are not included in the models. The models can be used strategically, providing a qualitative understanding of the anticipated relative changes.

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Murawski, Steven A., John H. Steele, Phillip Taylor, Michael J. Fogarty, Michael P. Sissenwine, Michael Ford i Cynthia Suchman. "Why compare marine ecosystems?" ICES Journal of Marine Science 67, nr 1 (30.08.2009): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp221.

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Abstract Murawski, S. A., Steele, J. H., Taylor, P., Fogarty, M. J., Sissenwine, M. P., Ford, M., and Suchman, C. 2010. Why compare marine ecosystems? – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1–9. Effective marine ecosystem-based management (EBM) requires understanding the key processes and relationships controlling the aspects of biodiversity, productivity, and resilience to perturbations. Unfortunately, the scales, complexity, and non-linear dynamics that characterize marine ecosystems often confound managing for these properties. Nevertheless, scientifically derived decision-support tools (DSTs) are needed to account for impacts resulting from a variety of simultaneous human activities. Three possible methodologies for revealing mechanisms necessary to develop DSTs for EBM are: (i) controlled experimentation, (ii) iterative programmes of observation and modelling (“learning by doing”), and (iii) comparative ecosystem analysis. We have seen that controlled experiments are limited in capturing the complexity necessary to develop models of marine ecosystem dynamics with sufficient realism at appropriate scales. Iterative programmes of observation, model building, and assessment are useful for specific ecosystem issues but rarely lead to generally transferable products. Comparative ecosystem analyses may be the most effective, building on the first two by inferring ecosystem processes based on comparisons and contrasts of ecosystem response to human-induced factors. We propose a hierarchical system of ecosystem comparisons to include within-ecosystem comparisons (utilizing temporal and spatial changes in relation to human activities), within-ecosystem-type comparisons (e.g. coral reefs, temperate continental shelves, upwelling areas), and cross-ecosystem-type comparisons (e.g. coral reefs vs. boreal, terrestrial vs. marine ecosystems). Such a hierarchical comparative approach should lead to better understanding of the processes controlling biodiversity, productivity, and the resilience of marine ecosystems. In turn, better understanding of these processes will lead to the development of increasingly general laws, hypotheses, functional forms, governing equations, and broad interpretations of ecosystem responses to human activities, ultimately improving DSTs in support of EBM.

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Wahyudin, Yudi, Yunus P. Paulangan, M. Arsyad Al Amin, Taryono Kodiran i Mahipal Mahipal. "Analisis Ekonomi Kelembagaan Pengelolaan Kawasan Konservasi Perairan Teluk Depapre Di Kabupaten Jayapura". JURNAL MINA SAINS 4, nr 2 (11.01.2019): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jms.v4i2.1519.

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The objective goal of this research is to measure the institutional economic value of marine protected area management of Depapre Bay in Jayapura Regency. This institutional economic value can be measured by transaction cost analysis and ecosystem services valuation within techniques of project based cost approach (PBCA), benefit transfer (BTM) and basic payment ecosystem serives (BPES). The result shows that the transaction cost of marine protected area management amounted IDR 6.04-12.07 billion per year, meanwhile the potential benefit of ecosystem services of marine protected area management of Depapre Bay amounted IDR 1.62 trillion per year and the basic payment ecosystem services as an entrance fee to the marine conservation area amounted IDR 51,587.52 per people per trip. Key words: transaction cost, institutional economic, ecosystem services, entrance fee, PES

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Cogan, Christopher B., Brian J. Todd, Peter Lawton i Thomas T. Noji. "The role of marine habitat mapping in ecosystem-based management". ICES Journal of Marine Science 66, nr 9 (6.08.2009): 2033–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp214.

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Abstract Cogan, C. B., Todd, B. J., Lawton, P., and Noji, T. T. 2009. The role of marine habitat mapping in ecosystem-based management. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 2033–2042. Ecosystem-based management (EBM) and the related concept of large marine ecosystems (LMEs) are sometimes criticized as being too broad for many management and research applications. At the same time, there is a great need to develop more effectively some substantive scientific methods to empower EBM. Marine habitat mapping (MHM) is an example of an applied set of field methods that support EBM directly and contribute essential elements for conducting integrated ecosystem assessments. This manuscript places MHM practices in context with biodiversity models and EBM. We build the case for MHM being incorporated as an explicit and early process following initial goal-setting within larger EBM programmes. Advances in MHM and EBM are dependent on evolving technological and modelling capabilities, conservation targets, and policy priorities within a spatial planning framework. In both cases, the evolving and adaptive nature of these sciences requires explicit spatial parameters, clear objectives, combinations of social and scientific considerations, and multiple parameters to assess overlapping viewpoints and ecosystem functions. To examine the commonalities between MHM and EBM, we also address issues of implicit and explicit linkages between classification, mapping, and elements of biodiversity with management goals. Policy objectives such as sustainability, ecosystem health, or the design of marine protected areas are also placed in the combined MHM–EBM context.

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Gu, Ji-Dong, i You-Shao Wang. "Marine coastal ecosystem and ecotoxicology". Ecotoxicology 29, nr 6 (28.04.2020): 639–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-020-02217-0.

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Zhou, Xijie, Xu Zhao, Shouyu Zhang i Jun Lin. "Marine Ranching Construction and Management in East China Sea: Programs for Sustainable Fishery and Aquaculture". Water 11, nr 6 (13.06.2019): 1237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11061237.

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Marine ranching, which is considered a sustainable fishery mode that has advantages for the ecosystem approach to fishery, the ecosystem approach to aquaculture, and capture-based aquaculture, is rapidly growing in China. The development of marine ranching requires integrating different theoretical frameworks, methodological approaches for conceptual exploring, and models and management of ecosystem frameworks. We reviewed the definition of marine ranching, the history of marine ranching construction in China, and the techniques, principles, and cases of marine ranching construction and management in the East China Sea (ECS). We highlight four major developments in marine ranching in the ECS: (1) marine ranching site selection and design, (2) habitat restoration and construction technologies, (3) stock enhancement and the behavioral control of fishery resources, and (4) marine ranching management. We conclude that this step-wise procedure for marine ranching construction and management could have comprehensive benefits in terms of ecology, the economy, and society. Finally, a synthesis of the existing problems in ECS marine ranching construction, along with future challenges and directions, are outlined.

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Arunprasath, A., i M. Gomathinayagam. "Mangroves in India: A Unique Marine Ecosystem". International Letters of Natural Sciences 42 (lipiec 2015): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.42.47.

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India has a long tradition of mangrove forest management. The Sundarbans mangroves, located in the Bay of Bengal (partly in India and partly in Bangladesh), were the first mangroves in the world to be put under scientific management. The area's first management plan was implemented in 1892. Recognizing the importance of mangroves, the Government of India set up the National Mangrove Committee in the Ministry of Environment and Forests in 1976 to advise the government about mangrove conservation and development. In its first meeting, the panel, which consists of scientists, research scholars and experts on the mangrove ecosystem, emphasized the need to conduct a survey of the extent of existing mangrove areas within the country.

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Arunprasath, A., i M. Gomathinayagam. "Mangroves in India: A Unique Marine Ecosystem". International Letters of Natural Sciences 42 (7.07.2015): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-1628ep.

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India has a long tradition of mangrove forest management. The Sundarbans mangroves, located in the Bay of Bengal (partly in India and partly in Bangladesh), were the first mangroves in the world to be put under scientific management. The area's first management plan was implemented in 1892. Recognizing the importance of mangroves, the Government of India set up the National Mangrove Committee in the Ministry of Environment and Forests in 1976 to advise the government about mangrove conservation and development. In its first meeting, the panel, which consists of scientists, research scholars and experts on the mangrove ecosystem, emphasized the need to conduct a survey of the extent of existing mangrove areas within the country.

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Reiss, Henning, Silvana Birchenough, Angel Borja, Lene Buhl-Mortensen, Johan Craeymeersch, Jennifer Dannheim, Alexander Darr i in. "Benthos distribution modelling and its relevance for marine ecosystem management". ICES Journal of Marine Science 72, nr 2 (19.06.2014): 297–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu107.

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Abstract Marine benthic ecosystems are difficult to monitor and assess, which is in contrast to modern ecosystem-based management requiring detailed information at all important ecological and anthropogenic impact levels. Ecosystem management needs to ensure a sustainable exploitation of marine resources as well as the protection of sensitive habitats, taking account of potential multiple-use conﬂicts and impacts over large spatial scales. The urgent need for large-scale spatial data on benthic species and communities resulted in an increasing application of distribution modelling (DM). The use of DM techniques enables to employ full spatial coverage data of environmental variables to predict benthic spatial distribution patterns. Especially, statistical DMs have opened new possibilities for ecosystem management applications, since they are straightforward and the outputs are easy to interpret and communicate. Mechanistic modelling techniques, targeting the fundamental niche of species, and Bayesian belief networks are the most promising to further improve DM performance in the marine realm. There are many actual and potential management applications of DMs in the marine benthic environment, these are (i) early warning systems for species invasion and pest control, (ii) to assess distribution probabilities of species to be protected, (iii) uses in monitoring design and spatial management frameworks (e.g. MPA designations), and (iv) establishing long-term ecosystem management measures (accounting for future climate-driven changes in the ecosystem). It is important to acknowledge also the limitations associated with DM applications in a marine management context as well as considering new areas for future DM developments. The knowledge of explanatory variables, for example, setting the basis for DM, will continue to be further developed: this includes both the abiotic (natural and anthropogenic) and the more pressing biotic (e.g. species interactions) aspects of the ecosystem. While the response variables on the other hand are often focused on species presence and some work undertaken on species abundances, it is equally important to consider, e.g. biological traits or benthic ecosystem functions in DM applications. Tools such as DMs are suitable to forecast the possible effects of climate change on benthic species distribution patterns and hence could help to steer present-day ecosystem management.

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Tissot, Brian N., William J. Walsh i Mark A. Hixon. "Hawaiian Islands Marine Ecosystem Case Study: Ecosystem- and Community-Based Management in Hawaii". Coastal Management 37, nr 3-4 (5.05.2009): 255–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08920750902851096.

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Milon, J., i Sergio Alvarez. "Coastal Resources Economics and Ecosystem Valuation". Water 11, nr 11 (23.10.2019): 2206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11112206.

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The papers in this special issue provide new insights into ongoing research to value coastal and marine ecosystem services, and offer meaningful information for policymakers and resource managers about the economic significance of coastal resources for planning, restoration, and damage assessment. Study areas encompass a broad geographic scope from the Gulf of Mexico in the United States, to the Caribbean, the European Union, Australia, and Southeast Asia. The focus of these papers ranges from theoretical perspectives on linkages between ecosystem services and resource management, to the actual integration of valuation information in coastal and marine resource policy decisions, and to the application of economic valuation methods to specific coastal and marine resource management problems. We hope readers will appreciate these new contributions to the growing literature on coastal and marine resource ecosystem services valuation.

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Parsons, Scott. "Ecosystem Considerations in Fisheries Management: Theory and Practice". International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 20, nr 3 (2005): 381–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180805775098568.

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AbstractThis article examines recent developments with respect to the development and application of an ecosystem approach in marine fisheries management. A number of international fisheries legal instruments now include explicit references to ecosystem considerations. While there has been general agreement on the need to take ecosystem considerations into account, there is no clarity or consensus on how this can best be done. Various definitions of an ecosystem approach emphasise that the focus must be on managing the human activities, which are part of, and impact on, marine ecosystems. An ecosystem approach is neither inconsistent with, nor a replacement for, existing fisheries management approaches—it is not a panacea for the problems confronting world fisheries. Realistically, we can only move to an ecosystem approach incrementally, starting with more rigorous/cautious application and extension of single species methods. A key element of any ecosystem approach will likely be to set harvest rates for target species at even lower conservative levels than might be suggested by single species analysis. Fisheries management measures should also ensure the protection not only of target species, but also of non-target, associated or dependent species. Reducing the killing power of the world's fishing fleets is an essential component of ecosystem-based fisheries management.

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Macpherson, Elizabeth, Stephen C. Urlich, Hamish G. Rennie, Adrienne Paul, Karen Fisher, Laura Braid, Jill Banwell, Julia Torres Ventura i Eric Jorgensen. "‘Hooks’ and ‘Anchors’ for relational ecosystem-based marine management". Marine Policy 130 (sierpień 2021): 104561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104561.

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Custodio, Marco, Ine Moulaert, Jana Asselman, Katrien van der Biest, Lennert van de Pol, Magriet Drouillon, Simon Hernandez Lucas, Sue Ellen Taelman i Gert Everaert. "Prioritizing ecosystem services for marine management through stakeholder engagement". Ocean & Coastal Management 225 (czerwiec 2022): 106228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2022.106228.

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Leslie, Heather M., i Karen L. McLeod. "Confronting the challenges of implementing marine ecosystem-based management". Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 5, nr 10 (grudzień 2007): 540–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/060093.

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Lindegren, Martin, Christian Möllmann i Lars-Anders Hansson. "Biomanipulation: a tool in marine ecosystem management and restoration?" Ecological Applications 20, nr 8 (grudzień 2010): 2237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/09-0754.1.

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