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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Marges (géographie) – Effets des innovations technologiques"
Begon, Camille. "L'innovation au-delà des agglomérations : exploration des bases de connaissances dans les espaces périphériques français". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ0006.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the last decades, there has been a growing interest among researchers in studying the geography of innovation, leading to significant theoretical and empirical developments. One key perspective argues that the concentration of actors and activities within regions promotes interactions, knowledge exchange, and innovation. Agglomeration economies and geographical proximity are seen as crucial for innovation. While this perspective does not exclusively focus on urban areas, it underscores the importance of dense and clustered environments in fostering innovation. Consequently, the study of innovation in peripheral areas has been overlooked, resulting in an urban bias within economic geography research.This work aims to deepen our understanding of the role of space in innovation beyond agglomeration. Across four chapters, it concentrates on peripheral areas, and examines their relationships with innovation and regional development.Theoretically, this work proposes an original framework by combining two fields of literature that have rarely been connected before: innovative peripheries and differentiated knowledge bases. It broadens the analysis of innovation and periphery concepts. The literature on innovative peripheries advocates moving beyond the center-periphery dichotomy to grasp the concept of periphery. It highlights various geographical, economic, demographic, and knowledge factors in defining these areas. Meanwhile, by identifying three innovation-related knowledge bases - synthetic, analytical, and symbolic - the differentiated knowledge bases approach helps us better understand how the local context shapes knowledge creation. We consider these knowledge bases as preconditions for different types of innovation.Empirically, this work relies on a quantitative approach. We built a unique dataset containing detailed information on knowledge and socio-economic characteristics of peripheral and urban areas in France. In addition to traditional approaches based on patent data or R&D expenditures, we propose measuring knowledge using occupational data. This dataset, at a fine geographical scale, at the EPCI level, consists of 1,231 observations over the period 2015-2019. We exploit it through econometric studies that considers the influence of specific contexts.Chapter 1 of this thesis delves into the main theories, concepts, and studies regarding the role of space in innovation, laying the theoretical and empirical background for this work. Chapter 2 aims to enhance our understanding of the geography of innovation by studying knowledge concentration within French EPCIs. Then, we investigate the relationship between agglomeration economies and innovation activities in various regions. In chapter 3, we seek to better understand how this knowledge endowment affect the productivity of diverse types of territories. In chapter 4, we focus on universities, one of the main drivers of knowledge creation in regions, studying their differentiated relationship with economic development across regions and types of territories.Overall, this work aims to provide policymakers with diagnostic tools and recommendations for place-based innovation policies targeting the complexity of both urban and peripheral areas
Favaro, Jean-Marc. "Croissance urbaine et cycles d'innovation dans les systèmes de villes : une modélisation par les interactions spatiales". Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010685.
Pełny tekst źródłaAutant-Bernard, Corinne. "Géographie de l'innovation et externalités locales de connaissance : une étude sur données françaises". Saint-Etienne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STETT059.
Pełny tekst źródłaFerru, Marie. "La géographie des collaborations pour l'innovation : le rôle des contraintes de ressources et de mise en relation". Poitiers, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00461260.
Pełny tekst źródłaRegarding the well known spatial concentration of innovation activities, the issue of partnerships dedicated to innovation has been widely studied for twenty years or so. But this research mainly focused on tacit knowledge exchanges as a determinant of these collaborations. The purpose of our work is to propose new explanations through testing scarcely studied determinants linked to the process of partnerships build up. Within that scope, we develop a theoretical framework which stresses constraints related to the search of complementary resources, on the one hand, and constraints linked to the possibilities to be in contact with partners (through social networks, institutions or past collaborations), on the other. We reveal how these two constraints, behind the problem of knowledge exchange, impact the geography of knowledge collaborations and its dynamic. Based on a qualitative analysis and an econometric treatment of relational data about knowledge collaborations, our work checks the multiscale dimension of innovation and exposes its inertia. We then measure the respective weights of the different determinants of these partnerships geography. We highlight both the structuring role of resources constraints and the spatial proximity effects. These latter effects are less due to constraints of knowledge exchange than to possibilities to connect with partners. More generally, the logics of contact, used in order to find a partner, play a structuring role in the geography of knowledge collaborations. This role happens to be different according to the very nature of these logics and the structural characteristics of the territories
Kim, Cheol-Joo. "Le développement des villes nouvelles en République de Corée : les exemples de Kwachun, d'Ansan et de Changwon". Nancy 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN21010.
Pełny tekst źródłaStachowski, Karine. "Entreprise-territoire : géographie de l'innovation technologique dans la région Nord-Pas-De-Calais". Lille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIL10160.
Pełny tekst źródłaKhattabi, Mohamed Aissam. "Les clusters, innovation et développement territorial". Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL12007.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe purpose of this work is to clarify firstly the theoretical evolution of clusters since the nineteenth (Marshallian District) to today's clusters, French competitiveness clusters, and secondly, to study the characteristics, determinants and clusters effects in general without neglecting or forgetting to treat the practical side of clusters in the world (France, USA, Japan, South Korea and India).Thus, practice shows that there are links and reciprocal interdependencies between clusters and innovation. To this end, we infer that clusters constitute the ecosystem, the environment and the most conducive organization for innovation, due to effects of cross proximities that clusters gather and social capital created and developed within, between clusters stakeholders.From there, we understand that the clusters act or have an effect on their implantation territory due to all of the elements (proximities, innovations, social capital ...), stakeholders and local actors they assemble. Thus, they impact the territorial development in a global way, and the competitiveness and territorial attractiveness in particular ; all this in an endogenous or exogenous way. In other words, territorial development by the clusters is based on "glocal" resources, i.e. they have endogenous and exogenous origin at the same time
Aïdi, Naïma. "Vers un dispositif d'intelligence territoriale pour élucider la signification de la smart destination dans des territoires touristiques en mutation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Gustave Eiffel, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UEFL2008.
Pełny tekst źródłaContemporary tourism is at the heart of a period of transitions and changes which is mainly supported by two elements: technology and sustainable development. The growth of tourist mobility, the incorporation of information and communication technologies in all interstices of the tourist chain and ecological imperatives force actors to rethink the relationship between tourist territories, practices, technology and preservation of the environment. In less than a decade, the concept of the smart destination has been the subject of a prolific production of work, particularly in international literature, and intends to use technology to develop innovative and sustainable tourist territories, benefiting both tourists and residents. This doctoral thesis aims to better understand the meaning of a smart destination by questioning its ability to respond to the problems of a tourist territory which is crossed by technological, environmental and societal changes. To achieve this, we choose to approach the concept of the smart destination through territorial intelligence, by proposing an analysis framework structured from the notions of ecosystem, resilience and dispositive. This analysis framework results in a territorial intelligence dispositive which makes it possible to carry out a multi-scale analysis of the smart destination, to highlight its complexity and its development process. Our disciplinary anchoring in information and communication sciences allows us to be part of a multidisciplinary framework by mobilizing stakeholder theory, actor-network theory and systemic communications theory in order to describe, understand and explain in more detail the development of a smart destination project, with the aim of assessing its innovative and sustainable scope within a tourist territory. With regard to the international development of the smart destination, our three case studies carried out in Florianópolis (Brazil), Málaga (Spain) and Nice (France) give us material to demonstrate that the smart destination constitutes a socio-techno-tourist dispositive that serves more to stimulate technological innovation than social innovation
Park, Sun-Uk. "Centralité périphérique et centre commercial : Paris-Séoul, étude comparée". Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100041/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this work, we analyzed the role, type and character of the large commercial establishment in the formation of the centrality in urban fringe through a relationship with the evolution of the city. We conducted the same analysis on the new town in the outskirts of Seoul. Also, we looked for a comparison between two cities, Paris and Seoul. This work is carried out around three points of view presented below : the evolution of commercial space in the urban mutation of Paris and Seoul; the role of commercial space and peripheral centrality : the case of the new town; the characteristic and evolution of shopping center : the case of Korea. Here are the contents of each part : the first part deals with contents related to the evolution of the commercial space in the urban mutation. Chapter I presents the evolution of commercial space in Paris and Seoul by distinguishing the historical evolution, the evolution of commercial space in the process of modernization, changes in lifestyle and adaptation of urban space in these developments. Chapter II provides the theoretical analysis and the definition relating to the urban center in the process of modernization that leads the development of the center and its periphery and considers the dispersion of the center, the regional distribution of large commercial establishment on the outskirts of the city and the spatial evolution of the peripheral area of Seoul. Then, Chapter III examines the type of shopping center and the nature of urban space, the composition of the commercial space, the changing patterns of consumption and the expansion of commercial equipment. In the second part, we consider the role of commercial space and the peripheral centrality about the new town. Chapter IV discusses the role of commercial space as a key element in the composition of central place in which it distinguished the policy, the spatial character of the central place and the role of the commercial establishment in the composition of the new town. Chapter V deals with content related to the current state of the large commercial establishment, the form of the central place, the state of consumer space, the principles of the urban design and the identity of Ilsan and Bundang new town, located on the outskirts of Seoul. Chapter VI analyzes the architectural characteristics, type, role of large commercial establishment located in the new town and the image of the commercial space as a place of urban activity. In the third part, we consider the characteristics and evolution of the shopping center in Korea. Chapter VII analyzes the evolution of regulations related to commercial urban planning, the evolution and the development of commercial space by giving the definition of various types of sales. Finally, Chapter VIII analyzes the shopping center as a new urban fabric considering their type and character, the nature of the spatial composition and the tendency of the complexity of these Korean institutions