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Guiyot-Harrold, Catherine. "Quatre générations de marchands forains à Paris : les étapes de la vie d'un groupe socio-professionnel". Paris 10, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA100013.
Pełny tekst źródłaRoy, Jean-Michel. "Les marchés alimentaires parisiens et l'espace urbain du XVIIe au XIXe siècle". Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010629.
Pełny tekst źródłaNeighbourhood markets are an essential element of the Parisian food distribution network. They are a priviledged observation point for all types of societal phenomena. The economic police supervises, studies and tries out reforms. The rules regulating the food markets divide the roles and the functions of the different types of businesses and their proprietors. The progressive introduction of new market places within the city transforms the inhabitants' relationship to each other and to time, space and money. Coherent social groups, actively contributing to the fabrication of the urban tissue, emerge from these market places. It is possible to percieve and treat these questions using the parisian archival system. Market places succeed in the competition with other forms of commercialization by constantly changing as well as by installing a functional complementarity with these other forms of commercialization: different types of sales, of clients and of products. The multiplication of market places allows, on the one hand, the population to save time and effort, and on the other, to then invest in accumulation and pleasure spending. A heterogeneous social group, principally composed of women, organizes the food commerce. Despite the precarity that one could suppose would result from their regular practice of deceit, they maintain their role and presence for several generations. The storefronts, storage spaces, basements and parking places for the horse drawn carts, result of the market places and the communities using them, create a city greatly influenced by market place habits
Trouillard, Emmanuel. "La production de logements neufs par la promotion privée en Île-de-France (1984-2012) : marchés immobiliers et stratégies de localisation". Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070071.
Pełny tekst źródłaReal-estate developers are major actors of property production. They have accounted for more than 50 % of the total housing production in the Paris region since the mid-1990s. Given their financial means, they are leaders in the changes of urban land use. The aim of this PhD work is through the analysis of their housing production (collective and individual dwellings, serviced residences) at municipal scale and over three decades. The statistical and cartographie monitoring of their activities is mainly based on the operation of a private database called GRECAM, which lists about 12 000 operations representing 500 000 dwellings produced by almost 2 000 developers. Other databases have also been used : census data, SIT@DEL2 and ECLN databases. The role of property developers in the housing production processes is closely studied, as well as the main mechanisms driving their locational choices. The geographic patterns of their operations and their evolutions in the Paris region are highlighted. Then, the system of actors of the private property development sector is analyzed, through a typology of property developers according to their locational strategies. Besides, the trajectories of the main property developers are presented. Lastly, focus is put on the role of property developers in the territorial anchorage of financialized rental investment products such as serviced residences
Fallous, Ali. "Interactions verbales et messages écrits au sein de la communauté maghrébine vivant en France (les marchés parisiens de Montreuil et de Belleville comme lieu d'enquête)". Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05H050.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe intention of this study is to prove if the foreign-talk is distinguisted by phenomenons of borrowing, interaction, switching code, etc; it's doesn't form definitely an obstacle for the communication neither by the foreign community, in this case maghrebin, nor by the reception population: this of France
Vandelanoite, Séverine. "Les modalités de transmission et d'incorporation de l'information sur les marchés financiers : une application à la Bourse de Paris". Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010062.
Pełny tekst źródłaOmnès, Catherine. "Marchés du travail et trajectoires professionnelles : les ouvrières parisiennes de l'Entre-deux-guerres". Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100123.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe thesis is focused on the process of social, geographical and professional mobility of the female factory workers, living in the region of Paris during the interwar period. The exploitation of original sources allowed a longitudinal survey of the life course process of several generations of women. Three conclusions may be drawn from this thesis: - By contrast with a general assumption, the women labor market cannot be considered only as a secondary market containing poor paying, insecure and unattractive jobs. The women labor market is a segmented market (internal markets professional markets. . . ). - The longitudinal survey leads to emphasize the differences between the women born in Paris and those born in the rural or urban countries. - Even though the social and professional mobility of the female workers was very limited, the evidence is that the women born in 1911 were more likely to experience a higher degree of mobility that those born between 1882 and 1901, this in relation with the economic and social conditions of the labor market
Balan, Hélène. "Redéfinir la place de l’informel à Paris : la controverse sur les biffins et les « marchés de la misère »". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN20038.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn Paris, there are, on the margins of the flea markets, some areas of informal street trade gathering people in precarious situations selling second-hand items and, to a lesser extent, new items. In face of the harsher repression they endure, a collective movement got formed to defend the right of the informal vendors selling second-hand items, the biffins, to occupypublic space. At the same time, the phenomenon, often qualified as « misery markets », has extended, spreading to less outlying areas. The approach focuses on the link between collective action and public action. The thesis relates the evolution of the « misery markets » and of the biffins' movement. It aims at showing how the political treatment ofinformality causes a partial hybridization of public action through the controversy about the biffins and the « misery markets ». In this context, the biffin's movement is marked by a division hindering its generalization. It is crossed by internal conflicts deriving from the partial and biased nature of the institutionnalization of the biffins' activities, but which, in turn, fuels this. The minor redefinition of the place of this informal street vendors and wastepickers is thus more a matter of regulation than of alternative, in a context where the reduction of police tolerances toward informal activities leads to an incremental and semiinstitutionnalized type of management, at the local level
Bessy, Olivier. "De nouveaux espaces pour le corps : approche sociologique des salles de "mise en forme" et de leur public : le marché parisien". Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05H072.
Pełny tekst źródłaWith the eighties a new style of health facility has been springing up all over the communities: the "fitness center". Their success can be attributed to the fact they have passed from a cottage industry to an entrepreneurial model, a shift which differentiates them from the standart gymnasiums. Today's patrons are offered a wide array of new services, round-the-clock workouts of all kinds, adapted to their wishes or needs, they are introduced to a variety of exercice-condit ionning equipment-technology is keeping pace with the trend and different opportunities for socializing. This phenomenon has been fueled by a change in values and new concepts about the body which have turned the urge for self-bettement into a social must. It is thus not surprising that the results of a survey involving 800 persons should show that there are numerous females, males and youngsters of all ages and in all the walks of life among the clients of a Parisian "fitness center". Many centers promote themselves by offering different strategies by sex and age groups in the parisian fitness field. The quest for self-fulfilment through the means of the body and by the body lures more and more participants. While it was form ely the concern of a minority, the fitness theme is now a message with undeniable social appeal for the masses
Capelle-Blancard, Gunther. "Les marchés à terme optionnels : organisation, efficience, évaluation des contrats et comportements des agents". Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010069.
Pełny tekst źródłaSbei, Nadia. "Marchés financiers internationaux et informations comptables : cas des entreprises à la cote de Paris". Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE0034.
Pełny tekst źródłaBefore the adoption of the IAS/IFRS by European listed firms on January 2005, listed firms at the Paris stock exchange had the possibility to publish consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance of different accounting standards. This presents the opportunity to examine information's quality measured with different accounting systems. Our objective is to examine the evolution of the accounting information's quality: pertinence and reliability in two sub-periods (1994-1998 and 1999-2003). Obtained results confirm the impact of accounting standards on financial information's pertinence and reliability. In particular, earnings pertinence degree converged. Rapprochements were noted between accounting systems tested. Earnings reliability, appreciated by manipulation, converged moderately. These results are confirmed by accounting standards evolution during this period
Rojas, Silva Belén. "La marche de l'inquiétude : de jeunes Chiliens à Paris". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB175/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe main objective of this research is to understand the potential of mobility to empower transformation process within the individuals. In other words, this PhD thesis is a research on the possibilities of migrants to become subjects in motion or "nomads" (Maffesoli, 1997, 2001; Braidotti, 2004, 2011). On a theoretical level, firstly it integrates perspectives about the subjectivity of migrants that "denature" displacements like processes exclusively given by economic reasons and, consequently, the individualism of migrants and the assessment of the travel by itself. Secondly, it integrates insights about a subjectivity that also migrates, which, without working directly the phenomenon of migration, accompany us at the moment of thinking about the plurality of migratory motivations and ways of exercising mobility, but beyond that, they show themselves attentive to the possibilities of subjects mutations from contact with otherness and how its changes are imbricated with new forms of social ties. On a methodological level, the investigation focuses on the stories of young Chileans (men and women between 18 and 35 years, residents in the Paris area), obtained with semi-structured/in-depth interview technique. Thus, 54 interviews were conducted: 45 corresponding to our theoretical sample and 9 interviews which do not match our criteria, and we have estimated as complementary. The theoretical sample was defined according to the Chilean nationality criteria (single or as part of multiple national memberships), age (18-35 years), independence (migration apart from the family of origin) and stay in migratory destination (3 years minimum). To illustrate, and outside the framework of the criteria of the sample, we can say that this resulted in a diverse group of students, students / workers and workers; 28 women and 26 men. Data processing was carried out in agreement with the proposal of "stories construction" of Barbara Biglia and Jordi Bonet-Martí (2009), which, by enhancing the knowledge located and dialogical, has enabled us to develop an exercise of multi-positioning of subjects during migration, from the consideration of the senses involved by the protagonists of the experience. Hence this research, located on the scale of daily life, focuses on immigration understandings that emerge from the encounter with the outside otherness, then on the stories of the encounter with an inner otherness through the migratory experience, and finally, the consequences of these processes in relation to the definition of belonging. Our purpose is to confront the notions about immigration of migrants themselves to traditional distinctions used to classify Migration (occupation, extension, etc.), to arrive to new understandings, sensitive to the complexity and dynamism of particulars experiences between strangers. So by taking the limits set by traditional interpretations and meanings expressed by migrants, we want to approach to migration's potentiality to enable process of transformations in the perspective of what it is possible to "becoming" individually and collectively
Favardin, Patrick. "Les habitations collectives à bon marché édifiées à Paris entre 1894 et 1914 : (catalogue raisonné)". Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100014.
Pełny tekst źródłaLallement, Emmanuelle. "Au marche des differences. . . Barbes ou la mise en scene d'une societe multiculturelle : ethnologie d'un espace marchand parisien". Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0004.
Pełny tekst źródłaBarbes is a shopping area in the 18th district of paris. It is situated in the neighbourhoods of montmartre, pigalle and goutte d'or. It is characterized by a very high number of shops and a striking mixture of different types of people. Shops such as tati and the dejean market, bazaar style general stores and other discount stores all rub shoulders on the barbes and rochechouart boulevards next to the material market in the saint-pierre area. All these different kinds of shops make up a very specific shopping area which everyone calls "barbes". Through field research, the purpose of this study is to give an anthropoligical definition of the specificities of this part of paris, which is neither a neighbourhood strictly speaking, nor just a simple market, to explain the dynamic of the social relationships. By describing the places and the social relations that occur there, it appears that the exchanges which take place in this particular environment lead to a specific type of behaviour, defined on the one hand by the fact that each participant is on an equal footing with the other, and on the other hand, by the caricature of all the possible differences. There are therefore multicultural exchanges. At barbes, a multicultural and shopping environment, the otherness of individuals becomes a kind of show for everyone. Salespersons as well as customers play a game of a multiculturalism. In this staging of a "multicultural society", since we all, at the end of the day, come from elsewhere, when we go shopping we can be different according to our moods, and so everyone can find his place at barbes. Everyone has a justified reason for being there. Nevertheless it is only at barbes that this sociability is possible, linked to exchanges, in a part of the city which is rather imaginary and completely dedicated to showmanship in the consumer society
Hamdi, Safia. "Les officiers de la police économique à Paris sous le règne de Louis XIV". Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0049.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe officers of the economic police were subordinate agents of the provost ship of the traders who took charge of the surveillance and the control of the commercial transactions over ports and in the Parisian markets. In the hierarchy of proper authorities in supply, the municipality held a role of police mattering as regards the goods forwarded in the capital by waterway. Indeed, the Seine was considered like Space out founder of the municipal power. The control of the commercial transactions over the river was the reserved domain of the municipal administration: it exercised this mission through these officers. These last ones were appointed to the various operations of measurement, check of quality and quantity, porterage, credit and publicity. The fates of these officers were closely connected, on one hand, to the history of the Parisian municipality and to the big changes in its reports with the royal power; and, on the other hand, in the history of the venality of offices and credit of the State in the Century of Louis XIV
Viaene, Alex. "L'efficience de la Bourse de Paris au 19ème siècle : une confrontation théorique face aux données empiriques des marchés à terme et à prime". Orléans, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ORLE0504.
Pełny tekst źródłaNjiki, Roger Léopold. "Les marchés au comptant et à terme des cacaos en fèves sur la place de Paris : une analyse économique et financière". Orléans, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ORLE0501.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe objective of this thesis is to study the physical market regarding cocoa and and to appreciate the usefulness relative to the future market of cocoa beans paris. The first part of thesis relative to the physical market describes the great tendencies on the spot market of cocoa and show the instability of the product's prices as well as the failures of the tentatives regarding this subject. The second part of this study whcih shows the usefulness of the future cocoa market in paris relays that the returns of the speculations on the market are on the average close to zero. The effectiveness of the hedging on this market is of poor quality in comparison to results obtained in the rest of the world. However the study of the efficiency of the market shows that it is higly efficient. Finally, the analysis of the effect to the stability of the futures transactions of the future market of cocoa in paris has diminished the flucturations of the spot prices
Saint-Raymond, Léa. "Le pari des enchères : le lancement de nouveaux marchés artistiques à Paris entre les années 1830 et 1939". Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100082.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis research investigates the Parisian auction sales from the 1830 until the interwar period, with a particular focus on the launching of new artistic markets. To do so, 2,126 auction catalogues were collected and transcribed, then matched with the minutes of the sales, curated at the archives de Paris. This data gathering led to global yet accurate set of 286 076 artworks – paintings, drawings, sculptures, antiques, Asian, Oriental, pre-Columbian and “primitive” artefacts – mentioning the description of the works, their hammer prices and the identity of both sellers and purchasers. In addition of this corpus, the auctioneers’ archives were analyzed, with a particular focus on their individual quitus or account statements. Reconsidering the history of taste, these sources allow to identify the new artefacts which were sold at auction, the players who bet on these novelties, their incentives, and the market mechanisms they used in order to promote them – with success or not. A transdisciplinary methodology, based on art history, economics, sociology and digital humanities, enables to answer these issues
Lagneau-Ymonet, Paul. "Entre le marché et l'Etat, les agents de change : une socio-histoire économique de l'intermédiation officielle à la bourse de Paris". Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0110.
Pełny tekst źródłaBetween the Market and the State: the Agents de Change. A Historical Economic-Sociology of the Official Stockbrokers at the Paris Stock Exchange. The doctoral dissertation offers a historical economic-sociology of the official stockbrokers at the Paris stock exchange -the agents de change, until their disappearance in 1988. This study gives us a revealing insight of the relations between the State and the market. Where the State still has major interests in monitoring financial intermediation, through legal or informal delegation of powers ; where private actors already thrive in exploiting de jure or de facto monopolistic positions. The first part of the dissertation analyses the constitution into a guild ("une corporation") of the official stockbrokers' group during the nineteenth century. The second part examines the results of this corporative organisation on the way the agents de change ran their businesses in the nineteen-sixties and nineteen-seventies. In so doing, the study reveals the prerequisite for entrepreneurship. The third part describes the international and macroeconomic dynamics which contributed in the new rise of transnational financial activities as early as the nineteen-sixties. At the dawn of the nineteen-eighties, in France, this combination of international as well as national trends lead, to the renewal of the Paris stock exchange as a crucial institution of French capitalism. The fourth part shows the effects of the financial deregulation on the agents de change and their guild. The fifth and last part documents the disappearance of the agents'guild 10 the late runeteen-eighties. By the end of the dissertation, it appears that deregulated financial markets have not reduced the very ambiguities of financial activities. Indeed financial activities still involve general interest too much for the State to abandon them to private agents. But deregulation and privatizations have dispossessed the State from its traditional means to monitor financial activities and their professionals
Maire, Claude. "Commerce et marché du fer à Paris d'environ 1740 à environ 1815". Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74009.
Pełny tekst źródłaVinas, Bricall Maria Teresa. "Peintres catalans à Paris : le marché de l'art parisien et les peintres vivants catalans : 1880-1939". Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA04A002.
Pełny tekst źródłaYon, Didier. "Augmentations de capital sans apport de fonds : l'exemple du marché financier de Paris : causes et conséquences". Aix-Marseille 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX32046.
Pełny tekst źródłaStock splits and stock dividends are frequently offered by firms from the french capital market. These operations are costly for the firms, without raising. Any equity and without giving any particular benefit to stockholders. Despite of this paradox, few studies exist on this theme. The understanding of the specific reasons of these operations for financial boards, the perception of the real place of stock distributions in the dividend policy, and the measure of their price impact are the most important points of this study. After examinating legal and fiscal aspects, we will try to show the place of stock distributions in the dividend policy and dividend controversy. The results of a sample survey show the informationnal content of stock dividends for financial boards. A fundamental analysis of firms who offered stocks reveals that this firms have relative lower payout ratio and dividend yield although they generally hold a constant dividend per share. The analysis of the market's reactions, measured with various methods seems to indicate the neutrality of stock splits and stock dividends in the valuation of firms by the financial market
Large, Pierre-François. "Sociologie d'un espace urbain : du marché au Forum des Halles". Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA070039.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis research work is devoted to the sociological study of a Parisian site, namely the district known as "les halles", from the time of the very first market to an in depth observation of today's "forum des halles". It will first consider relevant architectural, political and socially historical elements in the development of this site, especially those concerning the construction of the Baltard pavilions, their destruction and the subsequent replacement by the present forum. Furthermore, this research comprises a thorough examination of the forum itself, including a description and definition of its users along with their utilization and organization of the area. In conclusion, it will consider the importance of the forum to the commercialization of urban Paris
Ungaro, Stefano. "The relationships between money and financial markets in France. 1880-1914". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH048/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis deals with the relationship between the money market and the financial market from 1880 to 1914. It focuses in particular on the market for short-term loans. This dissertation studies in detail two segments of this market: the advances on securities (collateralized short-term loans), and the repo market (repurchase agreements). The key financial intermediaries are the Banque de France, four main commercial banks, regional banks, the « coulisse » operating over-the-counter and the « Compagnie des agents de changes ». The dissertation is structured in three chapters. The first deals with the introduction of a clearing house in the French historical repo market, and studies its consequences on counterparty risk. The second chapter deals with Bank of France monetary policy between 1890 and 1913 and the role of the banking sector in the transmission of policy shocks. The third chapter deals with the Great Financial Crisis of 1914
Moulin, Annie. "Les Maçons de la Haute-Marche au XVIIIe siècle /". Clermont-Ferrand : Faculté des lettres et sciences humaines, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36630120r.
Pełny tekst źródłaLe, Corre Thibault. "Paris à tous prix : analyse des inégalités par une géographie de l'investissement sur le marché immobilier résidentiel en Île-de-France". Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H073.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn recent years, property ownership emerged as a central feature for asset accumulation and increasing social inequalities in advanced capitalist economics, especially in metropolitan areas. The Greater Paris is one emblematic case of these processes which contribute to the increase of socio-spatial differentiation. However, neither the role of the real estate market in the production of inequalities nor the spatiality of this phenomenon has been thoroughly studied. This thesis seeks to evaluate the modalities and channels through which the housing market produces inequalities. For this purpose, it introduces the concept of market regimes, both for categorizing homogeneous products of real estate investments and foregrounding an empirical geography of the market. Furthermore, the thesis suggests a theoretical framework for understanding how these inequalities are inherent to the functioning of the market. Real estate transactions for the Greater Paris metropolitan area, recorded between 1996 and 2012 and sourced from a notarial database, constitute the main material of investigation. Spatial analysis, multivariate statistics and mapping reveal how the geography of the housing market unfolds through different market regimes that have their own logic of price formation. Results highlight three forms of inequality produced by the market. The first one is spatial and understood as the production of unequal areas of accumulation, which depend on the logics of real estate investment and rent capture. The second form is social : unequal spatial accumulation contributes to the reproduction and reinforcement of social stratification. The third one is socio-spatial : the housing market strengthens the social division of space and, in some cases, encourages the spatial exclusion of working-class groups. Building on its theoretical framework and borrowing from the field of economic sociology, the thesis suggests some explanatory hypotheses based on the notion of qualification. This notion enables to interpret investment dynamics under the lenses of the strategies and practices of intermediate actors, who aim at matching supply with demand. This matching, which operates through the categorization of assets, sellers and buyers, defines ahead of the actual transaction, investment products. This process of qualification is based on the filtering and stratification of buyers by the credit system, and on performative, professional judgments and opinions structured on the internal differentiations of the metropolitan area
Polack, Emmanuelle. "Le paradigme du marché de l'art à Paris sous l'Occupation 1940-1945". Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H043/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe euphoria of the art market under the Nazi Occupation is also a reflection of an influx of goods resulting from the artistic spoliations of the Jewish community along with any opponent of the Third Reich. The main concern of this thesis deliberately places itself on this question. It proposes an analysis of the paradigms of an art market during a war period under the control of a collaborationist State
Ducros, Jérémy. "Rôle des marchés financiers régionaux et concurrence entre bourses : grandeur et décadence de la Bourse de Lyon, 1800-1945". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH058/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis studies the role played by regional stock markets as well as their functioning between 1800 and 1945, in particular the Lyon Stock Exchange. The analytical framework draws on the literature on competition among stock exchanges. The thesis is structured in five papers. Chapter 1 deals with the creation of regional stock markets during the mid-nineteenth century, i.e. nearly 40 years after the reopening of the Paris Stock Exchange. The second and third chapters address the first aspect of the competitive dynamics between stock exchanges in France, i.e. the competition on issuers, and provide two measures of financial development: the number of companies listed on each stock market between 1870 and 1913 and the number of IPOs between 1898 and 1909. Chapters 4 and 5 deal with competition on stock market activity, i.e. on orders received by stockbrokers. While Chapter 4 is devoted to the end of the nineteenth century and and focuses specifically onthe crash of the Union Générale, Chapter 5 adresses the two World Wars. These two chapters offer two measures of stock market volumes
Nikolopoulou, Hélène. "Marche de métier, mutations technologiques et compromis contractuels : le cas de la presse quotidienne parisienne". Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA070038.
Pełny tekst źródłaRecently, the parisian newspaper industry has been suffering constraints due to new trends resulting from changes and modernization on the market. These changes have brought two types of mutations, that are interconnected. The first one has to do with social relations in this particular branch, that is to say "craft trade unionism" and "craft labor market", both relevant from contract compromises, negociated for each professional category of printing workers. The second one is related to the strategies to be followed and the new identity to give to the newspaper industry : multimedia, partnership
M'Rad, Moâtez. "Les fonctions économiques des marchés à terme : applications aux cas de marchandises et d'instruments financiers de Paris, MATIF". Aix-Marseille 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX32016.
Pełny tekst źródłaFor twenty years, futures markets of commodities and financial products have known a considerable development. This development has been intended to be an answer to the raise of price risks, interest rates and foreign exchange rates since 1973 thanks to its several economic functions, such as hedging, arbitrage, speculation, information and stabilization. Futures markets are an efficient tool of management of commodities price risks, interest risks of financial products and currency foreign exchange risks specific to all those risks. The economic costs resulting from the use of futures markets are often weaker than those depending on other organisations, national programmes, stabilization and national agreements ; however, the yields made are linked mainly to the opportunities grasped by the user of those markets. On february 15th, 1986, the futures markets of financial instruments (matif) was created in paris. The mecanisms of this type of market have already been working in many markets in the world. Indeed, the system of trading and the characteristics of the most negociated contract on the matif are inspired. To agreat extent, by those of chicago board of trade. Under the law 87-1158 of december 31st, 1987, the matif is the result of the fusion of the financial instruments futures markets and the commodities futures market existing in commodity exchange in paris
Haddad, Pierre. "Les chevillards de la Villette : naissance, vie et mort d'une corporation". Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100051.
Pełny tekst źródłaHis research examines the now extinct corporation of la Villette wholesale butchers. Having almost all of the general syndicate of wholesale meat trade archives at my disposal, I attempted to describe the enclosed world of the abattoirs, gathering inspiration from experience. The first part of the work is a brief history of the ancient Parisian abattoirs I then move on to the heart of the matter : "the wholesale selling of meat", I explain who la Villette's wholesale butchers were, their role in the meat sector, their mentality and their behaviour, attempting to reproduce the general atmosphere at la Villette by showing the corporation's concerns relating to all the major events shaping our country's history. My research spans the period from the birth of wholesale butchers around 1829 to the closure of the meat complex in march 1974. I wondered what would have happened hadn't the state decided to change the modernisation procedure at la Villette abattoirs into a vast undertaking comprising a prototype abattoir and a huge sale-room unparalleled in the world. Didn’t the authoritarian closure of the cattle market and the abattoir simply hasten the disappearance of a corporation already condemned by the large and sudden changes in 1970 (development of cooperative circuits, industrial slaughter and superlaket) which it wasn't ready for? I end study by attempting to answer this question
Ben, Naceur Samy. "Contribution à l'estimation de la sous-évaluation des introductions sur le nouveau marché". Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010027.
Pełny tekst źródłaDuclos, Mélanie. "Horizons d'égalité : le combat des biffins parisiens". Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC029.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn several popular neighbourhoods of the Paris region, there are informai markets where the merchants, the biffins, sell used objects found in trash cans. One of these markets constitute the field of this research, in the north of Paris, where some of the merchants, in the early 2000s, mobilized against the restraints put upon them by the authorities and sought to legalize their activity. Taking popular resistances as my object of study, this research started from a surprise : taking into account their extremely precarious conditions, how where they able to find the means to mobilize ? This question quickly lead to another. Through my contact with them and other biffins at the same market, I came to realize the strength that actually inhabit them, and I started rather pursuing the following question : what was already there, in them, in everyday life, before the mobilization, and that this mobilization needed in order to happen ? Their everyday lives show how, far from giving up, they make their condition a challenge to be confronted. The object of study is thus opened up between the public mobilization and the daily struggle : the resistances, their objects, their forms and their objectives. I study the multiple ways in which they struggle daily against the difficulties of the material conditions and the stigmas that threaten to diminish their humanity. In the market place in particular, the biffin economy becomes a battle place for material and symbolic life, in order both to manage and to become - a battle, as they say, to « pull through », while projecting a change of life. The recovery of objects that leaves place for the haphazard that the work market has always refused them, the equal footing of the market barter that tears them away from public and private assistance, the market as a place of intertwined knowledges that lets them appear in their singularity, and the market as a place of laughter and of parody that overturns for a moment the existing order of inequality, are so many ways, among others, that they have to pursue horizons of equality guiding their action. Horizons that are never reached - such is the nature of the horizon - but that are nevertheless pursued, and that open routes that produce effects and that bring to light the immense hopes that drive them and that by far exceed their public expression. One does not say everything in face of power and it is often when they are inaudible that the people of modest means say the most important things
Chahine, Salim. "Liquidité informationnelle, valeur et politiques informationnelles des sociétés cotées sur le marché de Paris". Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX32009.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe introduction of informational asymetry in the exchange process justify the apparition of "non perfect competition phenomena" which reflects the existence of strategic behavior among investors. In this case, informational asymetry leads to a cost equivalent to the lack of "informational liquidity" which effects on welfare constitute a new constraint to the optimization process of informational policies and to the stocks valuation. In fact, proofs related to the existence of a link between the information and the level of liquidity bring us to define the reasons why the firms disclose informations. Thus, beyond the organisational transparency of financial markets, firms might manage the informational gap (the cost of informational illiquidity) using their practice of disclosure (legal obligations and facultative informations). The investigation realized over fifty listed firms in the french stock market allows us to detect the existence of five informational practices. Computing the informational liquidity of each of questionned firms, we can first and foremost, verify the hypothesis supposing that this measure is an increasing level of information. Secondly, according to the principle which says that informational policy effciency could be measured by the comparaison of value improvement to the used budget, we conclude that only one of the five informational groups is more efficient and well use his informational budget. Contrary to known ideas, the more informationaly liquid group does not necessarly optimize the welfare of investors
Hissung-Convert, Nelly. "La spéculation boursière face au droit : 1799-1914". Bordeaux 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR40025.
Pełny tekst źródłaFinancial speculation is a social fact which arose into the society during the XIXth century. It accompanied the industrial revolution as it allowed to direct the savings towards the joint stock companies as well as towards the State. Nevertheless this social fact created difficulties and it has been seriously discussed. It was helpful for the economy but its morality was not sure and when the speculation appeared in the XIXth century, it bumped into the legal frame established. The freedom of contract was opposed to the public order whilst the economical needs were also in opposition with the precepts of morality. The acceptation of financial speculation by french law has not been easy in spite of the need of financing and it has been a long way for the french law to accept it and legalize it. The study of that way is particurlarly interesting to understand nowadays world
Balech, Sophie. "L’institutionnalisation des plateformes : les cas d’Airbnb et Uber à Paris". Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100054.
Pełny tekst źródłaBased on a case study built around the analysis of the speeches produced by the various actors in the institutional fields concerned (the field of tourist accommodation for Airbnb, that of passenger transportation for Uber), I seek to highlight the strategies of the platforms to build their place in the social space. I use different analytical grids to understand the strategies implemented by Airbnb and Uber: the dynamics of platform business ecosystems developed by strategic management research, the megamarketing grid defined by Kotler in 1986, neo-institutional theory and its latest developments concerning institutional work and the question of legitimacy. I find that Airbnb and Uber have each mobilized their megamarketing skills in their own way to build their business ecosystem and legitimacy system, which is a real support for their institutional conquest. These different expressions of their strategies are also embodied in the institutional work process, which is oriented towards negotiation for Airbnb and confrontation for Uber. The results of the institutional process have similarities between the two cases: constitution of the legitimacy systems necessary to interpret the role of these two platforms, legal recognition of the activities permitted by the platforms and their producer sides, adjustment of the offers of established professionals. This work provides a glimpse of a platform life cycle model, taking into account the dynamics of these organizational forms and those resulting from institutional work and their quest for legitimacy
Roussel, Julie. "Le confort de la marche dans l'espace public parisien : représentations, pratiques, enjeux". Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1188/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis questions the walk in urban context, its practice, performances, walking behaviours and strategies used by walkers when walking, in more or less comfortable situations / uncomfortable, but also how urban policies apprehend this object.This research interests in the daily practice of walk in a dense urban context, usefulness, trivial walking and sometimes denied because automated.This research captures the pedestrian urban mobility by presenting the results of two main areas, namely:- The "In situ" to understand the "how" of walking in cities, in other words the walkers behaviours depending on more or less comfortable situations- The "Ex situ" to identify the "why" of walking and what walkers say about this object. It was about to study the representations of pedestrian urban mobilities.Is the environment (social, temporal and physical) determining the walker behaviour? In which measure(s) the evaluation of the comfort level of a driving situation is involved in the establishment of pedestrian movement strategies?Are the walking social representations involved in choosing to walk in cities?We will also see in which measures walking and pedestrian users have become issues for urban public policies and particularly in the Parisian context (City of Paris). The aim will be to put into perspective this research, in regards with the political context in which it is registered
Murail, Estelle. "Beyond the Flâneur : walking, Passage and Crossing in London and Paris in the Nineteenth Century". Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA070047.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis examines reworkings of the flâneur in France and Britain during the nineteenth century (1806-1869). It suggests that this urban observer emerged out of crossings between French and British print culture. It has endured because it is a protean, composite figure which weaves in and out of literature, journalism and essays. Its roots in print fostered a form of cross-cultural pollination which ensured the power and persistence of the figure. Given the many metamorphoses of the flâneur, the thesis looks at flânerie as a fluid concept which demands both rigour and a possibility of going astray. The corpus reflects this flexibility since it includes newspapers, physiologies, and works by De Quincey, Dickens, Brontë, Balzac or Baudelaire. The thesis begins with a study of the flâneur's origins, exploring how the early Parisian flâneur finds predecessors in the London press. Chapter 2 demonstrates how the flâneur is rooted in the collective literary imagination and is thus inextricably linked to other gazing figures whose traits he adopts and discards as he moves seamlessly through time. Chapter 3 examines how optical technologies altered thé flâneur's "ways of seeing Chapter 4 is a phenomenological exploration of walking, demonstrating that the flâneur's gaze is also created through a living, moving body embedded in time and space. Chapter 5 introduces the concept of croisement, a heuristic device which is used to understand the rôle of the flâneur as go-between and re-read his history as one of constant crossings and crossovers. It concludes that the flâneur's permanent 'out-of-jointness' makes him 'contemporary' - more capable than others of grasping his own time
Le, Hervet Maud. "Les politiques de l'habitat à l'épreuve de la fragmentation métropolitaine : le cas de l'Ile-de-France". Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1201.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe beginning of the 2000s was marked by numerous diagnoses and reports on the critical situation of the housing market in the French region Ile-de-France. The law on Greater Paris of June 3rd 2010 set the ambitious objective of building 70 000 new “geographically and socially adapted” dwellings per year. However its application falls foul of obstacles arising from the complexity of the steering of public action in the metropolitan area. Indeed, Paris region shows a lack of metropolitan-wide territorialised housing policy. In this dual context of housing and governance crises, this research aims at showing, from qualitative and quantitative elements, that it is effective to speak of a metropolitan habitat fragmentation in Ile-de-France. The latter is of two kinds: firstly a fragmentation of governance, the implementation of housing policies suffering from a lack of steering, secondly a socio-spatial fragmentation, the housing market resulting into significant social disparities between the various components of the metropolis. Furthermore, this research tries to develop an analysis grid in order to understand how the political fragmentation is a hindrance to an efficient political response to housing issues and opposes the reduction of socio-spatial disparities with respect to habitat. It is based for this purpose on a comparative study of four sub-metropolitan policies (in Paris, Plaine-Commune, in the Hauts-de-Bièvre and in Mantes-en-Yvelines)
Du, Juan. "Entre solidarité et exploitation : Marches ethniques du logement et du travail et insertion urbaine des migrants chinois en banlieue parisienne". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC038/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis has as its main object of interest the forms of agency manifested in the everyday life of Chinese migrants in disadvantaged situations in France. This is studied through fieldwork conducted in two neighborhoods in Paris suburbs, which received a great number of arrivals “from the bottom”, who began their life as migrants through an undocumented period. Despite a double exclusion in the host society from migration policies and from the market, Chinese immigrants usually manage to pull themselves out. How did they achieve this?By investigating the access to housing and work, two essential domains in the migration experience, this thesis attempts to address this problem with a focus on ethnic markets. In those markets, both interpersonal relationships and community bonds based on ethnicity are mobilized as resources.This thesis aims first to bring to light ethnic markets in housing and work, in order to achieve a better understanding of the mechanisms that enable this ethnic economy to function. Both in scholarly and political perspectives, this thesis emphasizes three essential questions: the emic approach, in which the perspectives of migrants themselves are privileged, the tension between the importance of community resources in the everyday life of Chinese immigrants and their constraints, and finally the false dilemma between community and integration
Maggioni, Alessandro. "The regulation of urban logistics platforms : the urban governance of food wholesale markets in France and Italy : the case of Paris (Semmaris) and Milan (Sogemi)". Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IEPP0008.
Pełny tekst źródłaOne of the elements that characterize the process of economic globalization is the development of freight logistics as a strategic sector to determine the competitive advantages of urban regions. This study analyses the link between market changes, state reorganisation and the development of urban logistics infrastructures. The entry point for this analysis is the study of the policies that have produced and governed over time two European wholesale food markets: the MIN Rungis and the General Markets of Milan. Their comparison explains how structural changes have influenced their evolution and why today two wholesale markets, which were initially very similar from an analytical point of view, have nowadays two very different policy outcomes. Using a theoretical and methodological approach based on the contributions of historical neo-institutionalism and urban political economy, the role of interest groups, political actors, political rules and the market is clarified. These factors are interrelated to explain the policy conversion observed for MIN Rungis and the policy drift in the case of Milan. Finally, the policy processes that led to these results are explained in terms of causal mechanisms. The analysis highlights the central role of local policy rules and political context in determining the ability of local interest groups to influence decision-making processes, and the effect of their mobilization on the development of these urban infrastructures
Rucker-Guitelmacher, Katrin. "Le triangle Paris-Bonn-Londres et le processus d'adhésion britannique au marché commun, 1969-1973 : quel rôle pour le trilatéral au sein du multilatéral ?" Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009IEPP0020.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe chronological frame goes from the Soames affair in 1969, via the European summit of The Hague of 1969, and via the official reopening of the EEC enlargement negotiations on June 30th, 1970, to the definitive accession of Great-Britain to the common market on January 1st, 1973. Our work leans on sources of German, British, French and European Community archives. The 1st part tackles the road of the triangle Paris-Bonn-London towards the widening of the EEC, already starting in the 1960s. The FRG filled a function of mediating between 2 hostile protagonists, France and Great Britain. The 2nd part focuses on the British diplomacy during the negotiations. The lack of secret in Brussels may depreciate the multilateral and facilitate strategies of bi-or trilateral negotiations, which requires hidden cards. In the 3rd part, it is question of the minimal preparation of the negotiations by Bonn and Paris. Then, between 1970 and 1972, the French-German couple seems in a huge crisis, even if their strategies of negotiation are not extremely clear. The 4th part tries to explain the success of the negotiations thanks to the French-British entente, in particular during the Pompidou-Heath summit of May 1971. A strategy of secret diplomacy and of centralization of the bilateral contacts, by by-passing the French Foreign office, seems imperative. But this French-British entente is relative, because the renegotiation of the British membership treaties already gets ready within the Heath government. To conclude, the triangle certainly participates in the success of the negotiations. Nevertheless, its success was not acquired beforehand.
Trespeuch, Marie. "Le secteur français des jeux d’argent à l’heure numérique : émergence et transformation d’un marché contesté". Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DENS0011.
Pełny tekst źródłaHistorically in France, PMU (Pari Mutuel Urbain), the casinos and Française des Jeux have exclusive rights to operate gambling and betting on horse racing and sports events. This dissertation thesis deals with both the moral justifications, the social structure and the fiscal devices that led to monopolies (part 1), but also with changes brought about by the arrival of Internet gambling (part 2). We show that some web entrepreneurs appeared in the 1990’s, have gradually contested the unstable equilibria constructed in the twentieth century. Building on the European Treaty, these actors have raised the question of the legitimacy of exclusive rights held by the incumbents, whom have had therefore to review their strategies to maintain their dominant position. The liberalization of the french online gambling sector in May 2010 - treated in the last part - came after a period of criticism of the role of the French state in managing the sector (by online challengers, the European Commission, public health concerned actors ...) and is the result of technological, legal and economic evolutions but also of a transformation of representations in respect of gambling. The dissertation tries to enlighten all these complex interactions to finally answer two main questions :- Market liberalization is it synonymous with a weakening of legal and moral rules that organize the market?- What role has played technology innovation in the transformation of the French gambling market?
Jouves, Barbara. "La conservation et la restauration des tableaux des collections privées à Paris (1789-1870)". Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H070.
Pełny tekst źródłaConcerned about the conservation of their art collections, in the years between 1789 and 1870, Parisian amateurs called upon the services of painting restorers, who, at that time, belonged to a profession considered quite separate from that of art dealer, expert or even painter. While the restorer worked on paintings belonging to private collectors, he also acted as a guide for the latter, broadening their knowledge of Ŕ or even teaching them about Ŕ pictorial techniques. This understanding of the materiality of artworks gradually contributed to collectors being invited into museum committees as advisors, before they acquired a privileged status in museums, from the 1860s onwards, by bequeathing their collections
Fossey, Estelle. "Paris 21ème siècle, capitale du monde des arts d'Afrique Noire : Le rôle de la scène artistique parisienne dans la construction de la valeur des Arts d’Afrique Noire". Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030175.
Pełny tekst źródłaWhether it’s at the level of museums, the art market, or private collections, Paris is defined today as a central place of world activity, for ‘Black African’ arts. Beyond the reality, museographically speaking of Black African arts, with the inauguration of the Pavillion Hall of Sessions at the Louvre Museum in April 2000, and then the opening of the Quai Branly Museum in June 2006 ; Paris also credits it’s positions as the world’s capital of Black African arts by the centralisation of the art market’s activities of this speciality in it’s heart.Elsewhere, our works show that the role played by the private sphere of traders and of collectors is primordial in the aesthetic homologation and the definition of the hierarchy of aesthetic values today admitted in the speciality of ‘Black African’ arts.This doctorate thesis is also the occasion to recall why the world of ‘Black African’ arts is an invention of countries of western character, and allows to apprehend with more objectivity to western adapatation of ancient artistic heritage and traditional descent from the Sub-Saharan Africa
Fadhuile-Crépy, Adelaïde. "Concurrence et différenciation des produits sur le marché des pesticides : une analyse empirique sur données françaises". Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020005.
Pełny tekst źródłaFollowing the “Grenelle de l’Environnement” the French government takes the commitment to reduce by 50% pesticide use while maintaining current production levels. How can we reach this objective? Is this target sustainable ? This thesis analyzes the demand of farmers and its interaction with firms supply. A desagregated dataset is constructed to analyze the determinants of farmers’ practices related to the characteristics of products and firms that market them. The first chapter estimates a demand system assuming homogeneous products within categories of pesticides. It confirms that the demand is not sensitive to the prices at an aggregated level. It shows that only a very high ad valorem tax would achieve the objective of the ”Grenelle de l’Environnement”. However, this measure would significantly reduce farmers' income. Alternatively, the thesis retains simultaneous action on both the supply and the demand. First, a price index is constructed in the second chapter. It introduces the technical and regulatory specificities of these products by exploiting the panel structure of the price series. Second, the adjusted price computed indexis used in the third chapter which retains structural econometrics framework to analyze the market equilibrium. Taking into account the structure of competition we compute the margins of firms which are generated by different competition conduct. These results are used to evaluate the effect of the modification of the homologation process on margins. We find that important source of margin was generated by this regulation which sustain innovation
Piquet, Caroline. "La Compagnie Universelle du Canal Maritime de Suez en Égypte, de 1888 à 1956 : une concession française dans la tourmente d’une nation en marche". Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040135.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe study examines the history of one of the biggest firm of Modern Egypt, the Suez Canal Company from 1888 to 1956. This period corresponds in Egypt to the emergence of the Nation-State and the build up of national economy. For over than a century, all the activity of the Suez Company set up on Egypt and its concession was a real preserve. Then, the economic and social impact of this Company on the region was enormous, especially on labour market, technology transfer and urban realisations; it can be considered as an actor of development of the Suez Isthmus. However, at the same time, the firm adopted a colonial attitude and denied the country any benefit from these infrastructures: the canal had to serve financial and strategic interests, not to serve local economy. In this context, Egyptian government, nationalist and unionist groups demanded return of the canal to national management. Suez reflects the role of the Egyptian State on foreign business and, in the widest sense, the contradictions of the European concession system in Egypt
Hoang, Thi hong Van. "Le marché parisien de l'or de 1941 à 2009 : histoire et finance". Thesis, Orléans, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ORLE0503/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe monetary law of September 1939 forbids possession, trade, import and export of gold in France. Aclandestine market was then created in 1941 and operates until January 1948. The law of February 2nd, 1948turned back the liberty to the gold trade in France. Thus, an official market was opened at the Paris StockExchange. After 56 years of existence, it was closed in July 2004. Since then, the gold market in France is anover the counter market where price is fixed by the Compagnie Parisienne de Réescompte. In spite of this veryrich history, the Paris Gold Market from 1941 has never been studied scientifically before. In order to explorethis market, our thesis is divided in two distinct parts. The first one concerns the historical analysis. We presentthe evolution of the market in parallel with the historical events which describe it by different natures: aclandestine market from 1941 to 1948 (chapter 1), an official market from 1948 to 2004 (chapters 2 and 3) andan over the counter market from 2004 until now (chapter 4). The second part of the thesis analyzes the financialaspects of the Paris gold market. The results of the chapter 5 show that the efficient market hypothesis seems notto be validated. In the chapter 6, we find that gold quoted at Paris (ingot and napoleon coin) are less profitablethan stocks in the long-term. Nevertheless, they have the same level of risk than these latters and are four timesmore risky than bonds. Contrarily to the Anglo-Saxon literature, we find, in the chapter 7, that gold is not a goodhedge against inflation in France. At the same time, gold quoted at Paris is favorable in the diversification ofFrench portfolios only in the periods when its price has an upward trend
Rezaee, Amir. "Le marché des obligations privées à la bourse de Paris au 19ème siècle : performance et efficience d'un marché obligataire". Thesis, Orléans, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ORLE0505/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis studies the French corporate bonds market during the 19th century. Despite its importance the performance of the corporate bonds quoted on the Paris Bourse has never been studied. In order to analyse this market, a price index of the corporate bond market has been created by using modern techniques. The creation of the index was made possible thanks to an original database created by new data, which has never been used before and collected directly from the publications of the market authorities during the nineteenth century. Thanks to the index, the risk and the return of the market have been measured. Then we compared the performance of the French corporate bonds with those of the stocks and government bonds; the results of thecomparisons are interesting. This study demonstrates that the corporate bonds are the least risky securities and their rate of return is higher than the government bonds during the nineteenth century. Some econometric tests have also been used to compare the efficiency of bond market with the other segments of the Paris Bourse
Chaouani, Slim. "La performance des introductions en bourse : une étude des déterminants et des effets de la cotation sur la place de Paris". Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL12003/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis proposes a new approach of the study of initial public offerings (IPOs). It explores the ex-ante determinants and the ex-post effects (on the operating performance) of IPOs on the French stock market. In the first part of the dissertation, we have surveyed the literature on how and when firms go public. Two main hypotheses explain the behavior of firms that undergo an IPO: the need for financing and the market timing. To check these, we implement a two stage test: (1) using a logistic regression, we construct a model that predicts the likelihood of IPOs according to factors related to the firm itself and to the characteristics of its environment (industry affiliation and IPO’s activity) and (2) using the propensity score and the Average Treatment effect on the Treated methodology, we compare the operating performance of firms that go public (treated) with those that stay private (untreated). The results reveal that the timing of the going public decision is relevant. It seems that firms choose the appropriate window to go public, and that generally coincides with a peak of performance which is not maintained after the event. Consistent with prior share price based evidence, we find that the operating performance of French IPOs typically deteriorates over the first five post-listing years. In addition, firms appear to go public to improve their balance sheet after a period of high growth, in order to diminish the debt ratio
Praicheux, Sébastien. "Les marchés financiers". Paris 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA020039.
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