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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "MAPS pathway"
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Nersisyan, Lilit, Ruben Samsonyan i Arsen Arakelyan. "CyKEGGParser: tailoring KEGG pathways to fit into systems biology analysis workflows". F1000Research 3 (14.08.2014): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.4410.2.
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The KEGG pathway database is a widely accepted source for biomolecular pathway maps. In this paper we present the CyKEGGParser app (http://apps.cytoscape.org/apps/cykeggparser) for Cytoscape 3 that allows manipulation with KEGG pathway maps. Along with basic functionalities for pathway retrieval, visualization and export in KGML and BioPAX formats, the app provides unique features for computer-assisted adjustment of inconsistencies in KEGG pathway KGML files and generation of tissue- and protein-protein interaction specific pathways. We demonstrate that using biological context-specific KEGG pathways created with CyKEGGParser makes systems biology analysis more sensitive and appropriate compared to original pathways.
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Koblitz, Julia, Dietmar Schomburg i Meina Neumann-Schaal. "MetaboMAPS: Pathway sharing and multi-omics data visualization in metabolic context". F1000Research 9 (24.04.2020): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.23427.1.
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Metabolic pathways are an important part of systems biology research since they illustrate complex interactions between metabolites, enzymes, and regulators. Pathway maps are drawn to elucidate metabolism or to set data in a metabolic context. We present MetaboMAPS, a web-based platform to visualize numerical data on individual metabolic pathway maps. Metabolic maps can be stored, distributed and downloaded in SVG-format. MetaboMAPS was designed for users without computational background and supports pathway sharing without strict conventions. In addition to existing applications that established standards for well-studied pathways, MetaboMAPS offers a niche for individual, customized pathways beyond common knowledge, supporting ongoing research by creating publication-ready visualizations of experimental data.
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Koblitz, Julia, Dietmar Schomburg i Meina Neumann-Schaal. "MetaboMAPS: Pathway sharing and multi-omics data visualization in metabolic context". F1000Research 9 (17.07.2020): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.23427.2.
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Metabolic pathways are an important part of systems biology research since they illustrate complex interactions between metabolites, enzymes, and regulators. Pathway maps are drawn to elucidate metabolism or to set data in a metabolic context. We present MetaboMAPS, a web-based platform to visualize numerical data on individual metabolic pathway maps. Metabolic maps can be stored, distributed and downloaded in SVG-format. MetaboMAPS was designed for users without computational background and supports pathway sharing without strict conventions. In addition to existing applications that established standards for well-studied pathways, MetaboMAPS offers a niche for individual, customized pathways beyond common knowledge, supporting ongoing research by creating publication-ready visualizations of experimental data.
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Mantoro, Teddy, Adamu I. Abubakar i Media A. Ayu. "3D Maps in Mobile Devices". International Journal of Mobile Computing and Multimedia Communications 5, nr 3 (lipiec 2013): 88–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jmcmc.2013070106.
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Pathway analysis provided by current 3D maps in mobile devices that are intended for an interactive navigation aid, is simulated for what-if experiments against task and functional analysis, based on the problems faced from both technical and user-practices views. The aim of a navigation aid, in general, is to provide an optimal route from the current position to the destination. Unfortunately, the problem of most mobile device’s GPS signal accuracy and the display of pathways on 3D maps in the small screen of mobile devices affects the pathway architectural design from generating accurate initial positions to destinations. This paper presents both conceptual and experimental analysis of pathway determination designed for 3D maps in mobile devices for an interactive navigation aid, which is going to be added to an existing individual cognitive map. The analytical outcomes are aimed at providing how environmental conditions come to be detected and how problems are resolved in helping people to navigate in unfamiliar locations by having positions and paths corrected to a reasonable degree of accuracy in order to overcome the problems of generating in-accurate locations and the weaknesses of conventional 2D maps, which requires users to interpret its various symbols and legends. Bent functions and fuzzy logic type 2 are used for simulating signal deviations from the precise values and Voronoi diagram/Delaunay triangulation are used for establishing experimental paths and locations. Finally, this technique will contribute to a well-defined positioning and pathway establishment of 3D maps in mobile devices for navigation aid.
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Walke, Daniel, Kay Schallert, Prasanna Ramesh, Dirk Benndorf, Emanuel Lange, Udo Reichl i Robert Heyer. "MPA_Pathway_Tool: User-Friendly, Automatic Assignment of Microbial Community Data on Metabolic Pathways". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, nr 20 (12.10.2021): 10992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222010992.
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Taxonomic and functional characterization of microbial communities from diverse environments such as the human gut or biogas plants by multi-omics methods plays an ever more important role. Researchers assign all identified genes, transcripts, or proteins to biological pathways to better understand the function of single species and microbial communities. However, due to the versality of microbial metabolism and a still-increasing number of newly biological pathways, linkage to standard pathway maps such as the KEGG central carbon metabolism is often problematic. We successfully implemented and validated a new user-friendly, stand-alone web application, the MPA_Pathway_Tool. It consists of two parts, called ‘Pathway-Creator’ and ‘Pathway-Calculator’. The ‘Pathway-Creator’ enables an easy set-up of user-defined pathways with specific taxonomic constraints. The ‘Pathway-Calculator’ automatically maps microbial community data from multiple measurements on selected pathways and visualizes the results. The MPA_Pathway_Tool is implemented in Java and ReactJS.
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Szachniuk, Marta, Maria Cristina De Cola, Giovanni Felici, Dominique de Werra i Jacek Błażewicz. "Optimal pathway reconstruction on 3D NMR maps". Discrete Applied Mathematics 182 (luty 2015): 134–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dam.2014.04.010.
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Ghedira, Kais, Soumaya Kouidhi, Yosr Hamdi, Houcemeddine Othman, Sonia Kechaou, Sadri Znaidi, Sghaier Haïtham i Imen Rabhi. "Pathway Maps of Orphan and Complex Diseases Using an Integrative Computational Approach". BioMed Research International 2020 (27.11.2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4280467.
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Orphan diseases (ODs) are progressive genetic disorders, which affect a small number of people. The principal fundamental aspects related to these diseases include insufficient knowledge of mechanisms involved in the physiopathology necessary to access correct diagnosis and to develop appropriate healthcare. Unlike ODs, complex diseases (CDs) have been widely studied due to their high incidence and prevalence allowing to understand the underlying mechanisms controlling their physiopathology. Few studies have focused on the relationship between ODs and CDs to identify potential shared pathways and related molecular mechanisms which would allow improving disease diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. We have performed a computational approach to studying CDs and ODs relationships through (1) connecting diseases to genes based on genes-diseases associations from public databases, (2) connecting ODs and CDs through binary associations based on common associated genes, and (3) linking ODs and CDs to common enriched pathways. Among the most shared significant pathways between ODs and CDs, we found pathways in cancer, p53 signaling, mismatch repair, mTOR signaling, B cell receptor signaling, and apoptosis pathways. Our findings represent a reliable resource that will contribute to identify the relationships between drugs and disease-pathway networks, enabling to optimise patient diagnosis and disease treatment.
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Hu, Chenyu W., Amina A. Qutub, Yihua Qiu, Suk Young Yoo, Nianxiang Zhang, Naveen Pammaraju, Courtney D. DiNardo, Kevin R. Coombes i Steven M. Kornblau. "A Global Proteomic Pathway Map In Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)". Blood 122, nr 21 (15.11.2013): 1302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.1302.1302.
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Abstract Background AML has been extensively studied in a gene-to-gene and pathway-to-pathway fashion over the years, unraveling insightful local patterns that capture heterogeneity in patients and identify potential drug targets. However, our understanding of AML from a global and systems perspective is still lacking. A global proteomic pathway map is yet to be drawn to integrate local activity patterns and to translate patient classifications across pathways. This will not only improve our scientific understanding of how different functional pathways are inter-related, but will also enable us to develop more robust and effective therapeutic regimens based on pathway cross-talks. Methods A proteomic profile, containing the expression pattern of 231 proteins in each of the 415 newly diagnosed AML patients at UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, was generated using the Reverse Phase Protein Array (RPPA) technology. We grouped these proteins into 23 functional pathways based on protein association known in literature and correlation shown in the proteomic profile. Principal component analysis and scree plot were used to refine the pathway construction. The AML patients were clustered by their protein expression patterns within each individual pathway, and were then compared across pathways. The association of patient clusters between different pathways was measured by Goodman-Kruskal's (GK) tau method, indicating the predictability of patient clustering in one pathway given that in the other. This association between pathways and interchangeability of patient groupings were visualized in a circos plot (Figure 1), depicting a global proteomic pathway map. Results The global proteomic pathway map illustrates how strongly protein expression patterns of different pathways are associated, and how patient classifications under different pathways could be translated from one to another. Here, we highlight some of the key insights surfaced from this analysis. First, we identified ‘social' pathways that have intensive cross-talks with multiple other pathways, including some of the cell signal transduction pathways (MEK, PI3K, mTOR), genetic information processing pathways (transcription, histone methylation), and cell survival/death pathways (apoptosis, autophagy). We also identified ‘orphan' pathways that are more independent and are poorly associated with others. These include a subset of signal transduction pathways (pkc, tp53, S6rp, Src, Creb, Wnt), cytoskeleton and differentiation. As the association is directional, each pathway could be further characterized as either a ‘sender' or a ‘receiver' pathway based on whether it is acting more as the origin or the target of the link. The patient clusters from the ‘sender' pathways (e.g. Apoptosis, mTOR, Fli), could be easily translated to other pathways, while the patient clusters in ‘receiver' pathways (e.g. Hippo and Transcription), are highly predictable by patient clusters from multiple other pathways. We further constructed and compared the global pathway maps for patients in different cytogenetic groups. Comparison of pathway maps from patients with favorable, intermediate and unfavorable cytogenetics shows the power of this methodology to discern differences in the degree of correlation between protein functional groups. Favorable cytogenetics (T8;21) and inversion 16, because they are more similar have less patient to patient variation and thus have a more consistent and highly correlated pathway map with a higher number of connections. Conclusions Based on the RPPA data in AML patients, we built a global proteomic pathway map that captures the association between protein expression patterns in defined protein functional groups. We identified intensive interacting pathways as well as independent pathways, which indicate potential hubs and modulators of leukemic cell behavior. We further compared maps of different cytogenetic groups and revealed different correlation mappings. We are further refining the algorithms in order to study more focused changes within lower population subsets. Ultimately we believe that this will enable the matching of targeted agents to specific settings where the target is expressed and highly interactive based on proteomic data. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Kuenzi, Brent M., i Trey Ideker. "A census of pathway maps in cancer systems biology". Nature Reviews Cancer 20, nr 4 (17.02.2020): 233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41568-020-0240-7.
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Ortigosa, Nuria, Samuel Morillas i Guillermo Peris-Fajarnés. "Obstacle-Free Pathway Detection by Means of Depth Maps". Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems 63, nr 1 (3.11.2010): 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10846-010-9498-4.
Pełny tekst źródłaRozprawy doktorskie na temat "MAPS pathway"
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Eglen, Stephen. "Modelling the development of the retinogeniculate pathway". Thesis, University of Sussex, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360522.
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Momin, Amin Altaf. "Application of bioinformatics in studies of sphingolipid biosynthesis". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34842.
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The studies in this dissertation demonstrate that the gene expression pathway maps are useful tools to notice alteration in different branches of sphingolipid biosynthesis pathway based on microarray and other transcriptomic analysis. To facilitate the integrative analysis of gene expression and sphingolipid amounts, updated pathway maps were prepared using an open access visualization tool, Pathvisio v1.1. The datasets were formatted using Perl scripts and visualized with the aid of color coded pathway diagrams. Comparative analysis of transcriptomics and sphingolipid alterations from experimental studies and published literature revealed 72.8 % correlation between mRNA and sphingolipid differences (p-value < 0.0001 by the Fisher's exact test).The high correlation between gene expression differences and sphingolipid alterations highlights the application of this tool to evaluate molecular changes associate with sphingolipid alterations as well as predict differences in specific metabolites that can be experimentally verified using sensitive approaches such as mass spectrometry. In addition, bioinformatics sequence analysis was used to identify transcripts for sphingolipid biosynthesis enzyme 3-ketosphinganine reductase, and homology modeling studies helped in the evaluation of a cell line defective in sphingolipid metabolism due to mutation in the enzyme serine palmitoyltransferase, the first enzyme of de novo biosynthesis pathway. Hence, the combination of different bioinformatics approaches, including protein and DNA sequence analysis, structure modeling and pathway diagrams can provide valuable inputs for biochemical and molecular studies of sphingolipid metabolism.
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Grieco, Luca. "Modélisation et analyse des dérégulations tumorales du réseau MAPK chez l'homme". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4011.
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Le réseau des MAPK est composé de pathways de signalisation fermement entrecroisés impliqués dans le cancer. Toutefois, les mécanismes précis qui sous-tendent son influence sur l'équilibre entre la prolifération et la mort cellulaire demeurent insaisissablesDes données publiques ont été intégrés dans une carte de réactions détaillée, représentant l'influence du réseau des MAPKs sur la décision du destin cellulaire. Cette carte a ensuite été utilisée pour des analyses informatiques spécifiquesTout d'abord, les dynamiques du réseau des MAPKs dans les cancers de la vessie ont été analysés.Un modèle Booléen a été construit, représentant la réponse du réseau aux inputs d'intérêt.Les résultats de simulations systématiques ont été trouvés globalement cohérents avec des données publiques, et ont permis de déchiffrer les principaux événements qui sous-tendent les différents comportements observés dans le cancerEnsuite, la carte a été exploitée pour réanalyser des données publiques d'expression de gènes, avec l'objectif d'identifier les principaux acteurs de la transduction des signaux prolifératifs, dans des types cellulaires spécifiques.Des analyses du réseaux et des calculs statistiques ont conduit à l'identification de régions dérégulées dans le réseau des MAPKs, et à la délinéation de points d'intervention optimales dans cinq stades du cancer de la vessie et dans quatre sous-types de lymphome TL'ensemble de ces résultats a conduit à la formulation de nouvelles hypothèses concernant le fonctionnement du réseau des MAPKs dans différents états pathologiques, et à la sélection de composants cibles qui pourraient être envisagées pour le développement de nouveaux traitementsMAPK network consists of tightly interconnected signalling pathways. Although several studies established the involvement of this network in cancer deregulations, the precise mechanisms underlying its influence on the balance between cell proliferation and death remain elusive.Public data were integrated into a detailed reaction map, accounting for the influence of MAPK network on cell fate decision. This map was then used for computational analyses addressing specific cancer-related questions.First, the dynamics of MAPK network in bladder cancers were analysed. A Boolean model was built, accounting for the response of the network to selected inputs. The results of systematic simulations were found globally coherent with published data. Based on in silico experiments, the main events underlying different observed cancer cell behaviours were then deciphered.Next, the MAPK reaction map was exploited to reanalyse public high-throughput gene expression data. The goal was to identify key actors for the transduction of proliferative signals, in specific cell types. Network analyses and statistical computations led to the identification of deregulated MAPK network regions, and to the delineation of optimal intervention points aimed at blocking the proliferative signals transduced from such regions. This approach was used to study five different tumour stages and four different subtypes of T-cell lymphoma.Altogether, these results led to the formulation of novel hypotheses concerning the functioning of MAPK network in different pathological conditions, and to the selection of target components that might be considered for the development of novel treatments
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Reppucci, Christina Jean. "The functional forebrain circuitry of fear-cue inhibited feeding in food-deprived rats: Evidence from complementary pathway tracing and Fos induction maps studies". Thesis, Boston College, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104569.
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Thesis advisor: Gorica D. PetrovichThe drive to eat, like most motivated behaviors, is controlled by both intrinsic signals from the body as well as extrinsic signals from the environment. Although these factors often act in concert, in some instances environmental cues can override the body’s homeostatic signals. Prior work investigating the ability of learned cues to promote overeating in the absence of hunger identified a critical forebrain network composed of the amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and lateral hypothalamus (LHA). We hypothesized that a similar forebrain network may also be critical when learned fear-cues inhibit eating despite hunger. The amygdala, mPFC and LHA are each anatomically and functionally positioned to influence feeding, and evidence suggests they could work together to support the fear-cue’s ability to inhibit feeding by overriding homeostatic hunger signals triggered by food-deprivation. Prior anatomical work identified direct pathways between these three large, heterogeneous regions; however, less is known about the organization of the underlying circuitries, especially between distinct nuclei and/or subdivisions that comprise these structures. Study 1 used a dual retrograde tract tracing design to map the topographical organization of the connections between the amygdala, mPFC, and LHA in detail, and to determine whether amygdalar pathways to the mPFC and to LHA originated from the same or different neurons. We found evidence for multiple, topographically organized, direct pathways from the amygdala to the LHA, and separate pathways from the amygdala to areas of the mPFC that send direct projections to the LHA. Importantly, nearly all amygdalar projections to the mPFC and to the LHA originated from different neurons, suggesting that amygdala and amygdala-mPFC processing influence the LHA independently. Study 2 used immediate early gene induction to map the patterns of functional activation within this amygdala-prefrontal-lateral hypothalamic network during the expression of fear-cue inhibited feeding behavior, and to assess whether these patterns were similar in males and females. We found differential activation across the network, and activation patterns related to the presentation of fear-cues, the presence of food-related cues, and the amount of food consumed were associated within distinct cell groups in the amygdala, mPFC, and LHA. Together, the studies presented in this dissertation provide anatomical and functional maps for future interrogation of the circuitry underlying fear-cue inhibited feeding
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2015
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Psychology
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Jost, Mousseau Coline. "Propagation et toxicité de la superoxide dismutase 1 dans la Sclérose Latérale Amyotrophique modélisée par des neurones moteurs dérivés de cellules souches pluripotentes induites". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUS275.pdf.
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La sclérose latérale amyotrophique (SLA) est une maladie neurodégénérative rapidement fatale et sans traitement curatif, qui entraîne la mort des neurones moteurs (MN) via des mécanismes encore mal identifiés. La dégénérescence des MN provoque une paralysie progressive, qui débute localement avant d'atteindre l'ensemble des muscles squelettiques. La progression de la paralysie ne semble pas suivre un schéma aléatoire, mais se propage en suivant le tractus nerveux. On peut donc faire l'hypothèse que la mort des MN pourrait impliquer la propagation de déterminants pathologiques toxiques. Parmi les nombreux gènes causaux de la SLA, il a été montré que plusieurs d'entre eux codent pour des protéines ayant un domaine ou des propriétés prion-like. C'est le cas du gène codant pour la superoxyde dismutase 1 (SOD1), qui est la deuxième cause génétique de SLA. Il a été montré que des mutations de SOD1 engendraient la formation de protéines mal repliées (misSOD1), capables de transmettre leur mauvaise conformation à d'autres protéines SOD1. Cependant, à ce jour, il n'existe aucune étude sur la sécrétion de SOD1 et misSOD1 dans des MN humains et dans un contexte proche des conditions physiologiques des patients. Ainsi, mes travaux de thèse ont eu pour objectif d'étudier l'expression et la sécrétion des protéines SOD1 dans des MN dérivés de cellules souches pluripotentes induites (iPSC) de sujets contrôles et de patients mutés SOD1, et d'analyser les voies possibles de la sécrétion de ces protéines. Dans un premier temps, j'ai différencié des iPSC en MN spinaux et j'ai montré que misSOD1 s'accumulait dans les MN mutants. J'ai ensuite montré que SOD1 était sécrétée à la fois par des MN contrôles et des MN mutés, mais la voie classique médiée par le réticulum endoplasmique et l'appareil de Golgi ne semblait pas impliquée. J'ai aussi observé que les MN sécrétaient des exosomes mais que ceux-ci ne contenaient apparemment pas SOD1. Dans un second temps, je me suis intéressée à une voie de sécrétion non conventionnelle spécifique aux protéines mal repliées : la voie MAPS (Misfolded-Associated Protein Secretion), majoritairement étudiée dans la sécrétion de l'α-synucléine. Cette voie est initiée par la deubiquitinase USP19 qui redirige les protéines mal repliées destinées à une dégradation protéasome par déubiquitination. La protéine chaperonne DNAJC5 forme ensuite des cargos avec les protéines déubiquitinées, qui sont alors dirigés par l'intermédiaire de différents organites, vers la membrane pour être sécrétés. J'ai montré que misSOD1 colocalisait avec DNAJC5 dans les MN SOD1 mutés, suggérant un rôle de la voie MAPS dans la sécrétion de SOD1. Pour confirmer cela, des vecteurs lentiviraux ont été produits pour transduire les MN et moduler l'expression de USP19. La surexpression de USP19 n'a pas affecté les colocalisations misSOD1-DNAJC5, tandis que sa diminution a réduit le nombre de colocalisations. En réalisant une analyse transcriptomique sur les MN transduits, j'ai observé que seulement 30 gènes étaient dérégulés lors de la surexpression de USP19. Cependant, en diminuant USP19, plus de 3000 gènes étaient dérégulés et sept voies étaient significativement dérégulées dont la voie de sécrétion protéique, suggérant l'importance de USP19 dans cette voie. Les perspectives de cette étude incluent d'explorer la propagation de la misSOD1 dans des cocultures entre des MN contrôles et mutants, pour investiguer l'importance de USP19 et de la voie MAPS dans la propagation. En conclusion, mes travaux ont montré que SOD1 était sécrétée par des MN de patients mutés SOD1 et que la voie MAPS pourrait être impliquée pour que les MN en souffrance se débarrassent des protéines mal repliées. Pouvoir moduler la sécrétion de SOD1 pourrait représenter une cible thérapeutique prometteuse pour ralentir la progression de la SLA, mais un équilibre devra être trouvé pour permettre de limiter à la fois la toxicité intracellulaire et la propagation des protéines toxiquesAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly fatal neurodegenerative disease with no curative treatment, leading to the death of motor neurons (MN) through mechanisms that are still poorly understood. The degeneration of MN causes progressive paralysis, which begins focally before affecting all skeletal muscles. The progression of paralysis does not follow a random pattern but spreads along the nerve tract. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that the death of MN could involve the propagation of toxic pathological determinants from one cell to another.Among the many causal genes of ALS, several have been shown to code for proteins with a prion-like domain or properties. This is the case for the gene coding for superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), which is the second most common genetic cause of ALS. It has been demonstrated that mutations in SOD1 result in misfolded proteins (misSOD1) capable of transmitting their misfolded conformation to other SOD1 proteins. However, to date, there are no studies on the secretion of SOD1 and misSOD1 in MN under conditions close to the physiological context of patients. Therefore, the aim of my thesis work was to study the expression and secretion of SOD1 and misSOD1 in MN derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from control subjects and SOD1-mutated patients and to analyze the possible pathways of these proteins' secretion. First, I differentiated iPSCs into spinal MN and showed that misSOD1 accumulated in mutant MN. I then showed that SOD1 was secreted by both control and mutant MN, but the classical pathway mediated by the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus did not seem to be involved. I also observed that MN secreted exosomes, but they apparently did not contain SOD1. In the second phase, I focused on an unconventional secretion pathway specific to misfolded proteins: the MAPS pathway (Misfolded-Associated Protein Secretion), which has mainly been studied in the context of α-synuclein secretion. This pathway is initiated by the deubiquitinase USP19, which redirects misfolded proteins destined for proteasomal degradation by deubiquitination. The chaperone protein DNAJC5 then forms cargos with the deubiquitinated proteins, which are progressively directed via different organelles to the membrane for secretion. I showed that misSOD1 colocalized with the DNAJC5 protein in SOD1 mutant MN, suggesting a role for the MAPS pathway in SOD1 secretion. To confirm this, lentiviral vectors were produced to transduce the MN and modulate USP19 expression. Overexpression of USP19 did not change the number of colocalizations between misSOD1 and DNAJC5; however, decreasing USP19 reduced these colocalizations, suggesting the involvement of the MAPS pathway in misSOD1 secretion. By performing RNA sequencing on transduced MN, I observed that only 30 genes were deregulated with USP19 overexpression. However, with USP19 downregulation, 1758 and 1410 genes were respectively upregulated and downregulated. Seven pathways were significantly deregulated, including the protein secretion pathway, suggesting the importance of USP19 in protein secretion. The perspectives of this study include exploring the propagation of misSOD1 in cocultures between control and mutant MN to investigate the importance of USP19 and the MAPS pathway in propagation. In conclusion, my work has shown that SOD1 is secreted by MN from SOD1-mutated patients and that traditional secretion pathways are not involved, in contrast to the MAPS pathway. Therefore, the ability to modulate SOD1 secretion could represent a promising therapeutic target for slowing the progression of ALS
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Maddison, Louise. "Experimental and theoretical modelling of the MAPK pathway". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/experimental-and-theoretical-modelling-of-the-mapk-pathway(46773da5-85dd-4a3f-8e6c-e3559ba04f46).html.
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The MAPK pathway plays a crucial role in regulating cellular response to external stimuli. Binding of growth factors and other mitogenic signals to cell surface receptors initiates a phosphorylation-dependent relay of protein activation, resulting in altered transcription, ultimately regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. Signalling through this pathway is regulated by the coordinated function of specific protein kinases and protein phosphatases. As perturbation of this signalling system is often associated with diseases such as cancer, modelling is a useful means to help understand the outcomes that may result following changes in component levels or activity. The determination of absolute quantification data, in copies per cell, for proteins of the MAPK pathway will allow the expansion of and improved accuracy within predictive models. The strategy used within this thesis is based on the established technique of stable isotope dilution, generating isotopically labelled peptides using the QconCAT methodology. Recombinant DNA techniques were used to generate artificial concatamers of large numbers of tryptic peptides as quantification standards. A QconCAT, LM1, of 49 KDa (29 tryptic peptides), corresponding to the scaffold proteins was designed and built to encode two peptides per protein. A second QconCAT, LM2, of 58 KDa (34 tryptic peptides), encoded peptides from the dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) and substrates. Quantification was performed using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. A selected reaction monitoring (SRM) approach was employed where the most intense y-ions per peptide were selected either from experimental data or predictions in silico. Using the ratio of the signal for the light:heavy isotopologues, the amount of light isotopologue can be inferred, allowing copies per cell quantifications to be established. Native peptides were present below the lower limit of quantification, and therefore the upper bounds of copies per cell were obtained for the three cell lines; colon cancer cells HCT 116 (K-Ras mutant) and HT-29 (B-Raf mutant) and a control cell line of HEK-293. Finally, mathematical modelling was undertaken to explore the mass-action kinetics of a three component scaffold signalling molecule. It was found that the optimal scaffold concentration is between the lowest and second lowest concentration of signalling protein.
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Cabrerizo, Benito Yolanda. "Studies on a PKC-PLD-MAPK pathway". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399767.
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Kotwaliwale, Ashwin. "Frameworks for Modeling MAPK Pathways". Thesis, Open University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520778.
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Rui, Hongliang. "Regulation of MAPK/JNK signaling pathway and TGF-beta signaling pathway by axin /". View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?BICH%202004%20RUI.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004.CD-ROM contains electronic versons of the thesis in pdf and word format. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-151). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Anastasaki, Korina. "MAPK pathway : a role in development, disease and behaviour". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5955.
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Mutations in the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK (MAPK) pathway give rise to a range of developmental disorders collectively referred to as the RASopathies. De novo germline mutations in patients suffering from these syndromes promote similar phenotypes, which include heart abnormalities, characteristic facial features, cutaneous malformations, gastrointestinal malfunctions, failure to thrive and a spectrum of mental retardation. Although many RASopathies patients show a propensity to develop early-onset benign and malignant tumours, Cardio-faciocutaneous (CFC) syndrome patients do not seem to share this predisposition, with the exception of an increased number of naevi. CFC syndrome is caused by mutations in BRAF, MEK1 or MEK2, with the majority of patients harbouring BRAF mutations. Intriguingly, both kinase-activating and kinase-impaired mutations have been identified in CFC patients. Here, I use the zebrafish system to address the activity of the CFC syndrome alleles and the MAPK pathway in a developmental context and test the potential of small molecule inhibitors to restore normal development. I established an assay for the activity of CFC, melanoma and engineered BRAF and MEK human mutated alleles in vivo. Using zebrafish as an animal model organism, a panel of 31 mutant and wild-type BRAF, MEK1 and MEK2 alleles were expressed in early zebrafish embryos to assess their role in development. Irrespective of the predicted kinase activity, all embryos expressing BRAF and MEK mutant alleles reproducibly manifested the cell movement phenotype during gastrulation. Consistent with aberrant fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling and defective gastrulation, in situ hybridisation against convergence-extension markers showed misregulated convergence-extension movement patterns in CFC zebrafish embryos. Finally, I performed whole embryo RNA expression microarrays to identify genes regulated downstream of the CFC mutations, and I discuss the potential for a possible link to some of the phenotypes associated with a CFC zebrafish model. I established that the CFC, BRAF and MEK mutant embryos are sensitive to inhibition of MEK signalling by small molecules. Importantly, a time-window of treatment was identified which was sufficient to restore normal gastrulation movements and to prevent the developmental side effects promoted by the inhibitors at later stages of development. In order to begin considering the therapeutic potential of small molecules in developmental disorders (at least in our model system), the effect of low concentrations of the inhibitors in the normal formation of diverse tissues was thoroughly examined during zebrafish development. From these studies, I identified a concentration of MEK inhibitor that could be administered in a continuous fashion to prevent CFC-associated cell movement defects during gastrulation, without additional later developmental defects. Finally, I addressed the role of MEK-ERK signalling in a specific behavioural phenotype in zebrafish. Many RASopathies patients suffer from mental retardation and experience learning and attention difficulties. Research in our laboratory has identified a novel zebrafish behaviour induced by enhanced cAMP signalling, where the zebrafish seek shaded areas in their environment and exhibit frequent defensive shoaling behaviour. I used western blotting to establish that enhanced cAMP signalling activates the MAPK signalling pathway and, in collaboration with members our laboratory, that this phenotype can be suppressed by administration of the PD325901 MEK inhibitor. While we do not yet know the effect of CFC syndrome mutations on this behaviour, we suggest that altered MEK-ERK signalling may underlie important features of vertebrate behaviour.
Książki na temat "MAPS pathway"
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Audrey, Groeneveld. Building on strengths: Regional care maps. [Edmonton]: Capital Health Authority, 1995.
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Association, Canadian Medical, red. Care maps and continuous quality improvement. Ottawa: Canadian Medical Association, 1995.
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Association of American Colleges and Universities. General education maps and markers: Designing meaningful pathways to student achievement. Washington, DC: Association of American Colleges and Universities, 2015.
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Mancini, Billson Janet, red. Pathways to manhood: Young Black males struggle for identity. Wyd. 2. New Brunswick, N.J., U.S.A: Transaction Publishers, 1996.
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Morasso, P. G., i V. Sanguineti. Self-Organization, Computational Maps, and Motor Control. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 1997.
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Care Maps & Continous Quality Improvement. Canadian Medical Assn, 1998.
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Rauen, Katherine A. RASopathies: Genetic Syndromes of the RAS/MAPK Pathway. Springer International Publishing AG, 2024.
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Guillery, Ray. The pathways for action. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806738.003.0003.
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Early nineteenth-century studies demonstrated, on the basis of clinical, experimental, and anatomical evidence, that a motor pathway, the corticospinal or pyramidal tract, passes from a specific area of the cortex, the precentral motor cortex, to the brainstem and spinal cord. The motor cortex can be seen as a topographic map of the movable body parts, and damage to the cortex or pathways produces correspondingly localized paralysis. However, there are a great many other pathways that link other areas of the cortex to parts of the brain active in the control of movements. These still play a puzzling role in the standard model where the control of movements focuses on cortical contributions to voluntary movements by the corticospinal pathways.
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Hodgkiss, Andrew. Introduction to cancer biology. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198759911.003.0001.
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A brief introduction to cancer biology, aimed at psychiatrists, is offered. Selective DNA transcription, the cell cycle, receptor tyrosine kinases, and cell signalling pathways are introduced, using the EGFR/RAS/MAPK pathway as an exemplar. The molecular pathology of oncogenesis is summarized, including discussion of oncogenes, tumour suppressor genes, and examples of driver mutations. The exploitation of such mutations in stratified medicine, using molecularly targeted agents, is mentioned. Finally, Hanahan and Weinberg’s six hallmarks of cancer are listed, adding angiogenesis and metastasis to the picture of oncogenesis.
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Working, GEMs Design. General Education Maps and Markers: Designing Meaningful Pathways to Student Achievement. American Association of Colleges & Universities, 2015.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "MAPS pathway"
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Jang, Jaeson, i Se-Bum Paik. "Topographical Consistency of Cortical Maps". W Emergence of Functional Circuits in the Early Visual Pathway, 25–50. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0031-0_2.
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Njeru, Mercy Karimi, Maureen Mackintosh, Richard Ngilangwa, Sharon Mokua, Richard Mutisya Arun i Jane Mukami. "Access to Cancer Care: Navigating the Maze". W Cancer Care in Pandemic Times: Building Inclusive Local Health Security in Africa and India, 69–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44123-3_4.
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AbstractThis chapter analyses narratives from over 450 patients in Kenya and Tanzania, describing their cancer “pathways”, drawing also on views from carers and health workers. We characterise patients’ experiences as, too often, finding themselves in a “maze” after they first visit a health facility. Rather than a smooth clinical pathway from symptoms to diagnosis, patients had found themselves struggling to find money to move through a confusing health system maze, largely without maps or guides to aid their search for information, diagnosis and treatment. The chapter describes patterns of experience within the maze, and implications for access to care.
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Larsen, Anna Grøndahl, Ragnhild Halvorsrud, Rolf Eigil Berg i Märt Vesinurm. "Dual-Perspective Modeling of Patient Pathways: A Case Study on Kidney Cancer". W Communications in Computer and Information Science, 51–68. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59091-7_4.
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AbstractPatient pathway has become a key concept in the organization of healthcare. However, the materialization and operationalization of pathways often focus on work processes of health personnel, clinical decision-making, and deadlines, contradicting the strong patient-oriented perspective that is inherent in their definition. In this paper, we introduce a patient-centered perspective of kidney cancer pathways, reporting on a dual-perspective strategy to map and model patient pathways. Utilizing a multi-method approach, we map and model pathways from the perspectives of both healthcare personnel and patients and investigate the feasibility of the Customer Journey Modeling Language (CJML) for modeling patient pathways. To prevent confusion, the planned pathway as seen from the hospital perspective and the actual pathway experienced by the patient are referred to as ‘pathway’ and ‘journey’, respectively. In the paper, we describe methods to engage with healthcare professionals and patients to collect the necessary information to create precise models, and we show how precise modeling of patient pathways requires the integration of several information sources. Moreover, the study underlines the value of examining pathways from a dual perspective, as the two perspectives corroborate and supplement each other, illustrating the complexity of patient journeys. Finally, the findings provide insights into the feasibility of CJML, firstly underlining that the usefulness of visual models is context-dependent, and secondly, suggesting that the methods and subsequent visualizations may be useful as organizational, instructional, and communicative tools.
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Ritvo, Ariella Riva, Fred R. Volkmar, Karen M. Lionello-Denolf, Trina D. Spencer, James Todd, Nurit Yirmiya, Maya Yaari i in. "Ras/Mapk Pathway Syndromes". W Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders, 2503. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1698-3_101135.
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Brown, M. D., i D. B. Sacks. "Compartmentalised MAPK Pathways". W Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, 205–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72843-6_9.
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Garoni, Stephanie, Jo Lampert i Lutz Hoff. "‘Living Well and Teaching Well’: Exploring How Beginning Teachers Enact Good Pedagogical Praxis in Their Everyday Practices in Historically Hard-to-Staff Schools". W Living Well in a World Worth Living in for All, 209–24. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1848-1_14.
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AbstractThe notion of pedagogical praxis underpins the work of La Trobe University’s Nexus program: a social justice oriented, alternative pathway into secondary teaching for historically hard-to-staff secondary schools in Victoria, Australia. This chapter maps the experiences of beginning teachers in the Nexus program as they live and work in a time of complexity and rapid change. It explores the meaning of ‘living well’ and its relationship to ‘teaching well’ through a practice lens, arguing that sometimes the enactment of ‘good pedagogical praxis’ can be difficult amidst the pressures associated with early career teaching. We use the theory of practice architectures to discuss these challenges as beginning teachers balance their commitment to creating socially just and equitable spaces for learning with the realities of contemporary schooling. We draw on stories from four Nexus teachers to examine the site-based arrangements that enable and constrain their ability to ‘teach well’. Ways in which they can enact morally and ethically informed practices while negotiating the changing conditions of their school environment are identified. This leads to a discussion of beginning teachers and a praxis-oriented view of pedagogy.
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Mullen, Sean P., Daniel E. Palac i Lucinda L. Bryant. "Maps to Apps: Evaluating Wayfinding Technology". W Community Wayfinding: Pathways to Understanding, 137–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31072-5_8.
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Murray, Brion W., Yoshitaka Satoh i Bernd Stein. "Inhibitors of the MAPK pathway". W High Throughput Screening for Novel Anti-Inflammatories, 165–91. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8462-4_9.
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Ballester, Leomar Y., Phyu P. Aung i Chyi-Chia R. Lee. "The MAPK Pathway in Melanoma". W Genetics of Melanoma, 151–63. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3554-3_6.
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Yang, Shen-Hsi, i Andrew D. Sharrocks. "MAP Kinase: SUMO Pathway Interactions". W MAP Kinase Signaling Protocols, 343–67. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-795-2_21.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenia konferencji na temat "MAPS pathway"
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Sarmiento, James-Andrew R., Angelyn Lao i Geoffrey A. Solano. "Pathway-based human disease clustering tool using self-organizing maps". W 2017 8th International Conference on Information, Intelligence, Systems & Applications (IISA). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iisa.2017.8316389.
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Partl, Christian, Alexander Lex, Marc Streit, Denis Kalkofen, Karl Kashofer i Dieter Schmalstieg. "enRoute: Dynamic path extraction from biological pathway maps for in-depth experimental data analysis". W 2012 IEEE Symposium on Biological Data Visualization (BioVis 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/biovis.2012.6378600.
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Saji, Genn. "Estimation of Thyroid Doses From Land Contamination Maps for the Fukushima Disaster". W 2012 20th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering and the ASME 2012 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone20-power2012-55048.
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Starting with sketchy information acquired during the still on-going Fukushima Daiichi disaster, the thyroid doses were estimated, based on the detailed and precise Cs-137 land contamination density maps constructed through a joint effort of MEXT and US DOE/NNEA. The basic methodology has already been benchmarked in the assessment of the radiological consequences of the Chernobyl accident [1]. From the release fraction assessment based on the contamination maps as well as on-site meteorological data obtained and reported by TEPCO’s temporary monitoring cars, the heavy land contamination zone stretching to a NW direction was found induced with the hydrogen explosion which occurred in 1F1 at 15:36 of March 12, only one day after the tsunami. Due to this early iodine release, the shorter half-lived I-133 induced an additional 20% more thyroid doses from I-131 through inhalation. The results, as presented in Table 7 and Figure 3, predicted rather large thyroid doses, comparable but less than the author’ previous estimation of thyroid doses through inhalation pathway among the public living near the Chernobyl NPP during the disaster. However, age specific doses are more widely spreading among children aged less than 15 years old and not distinctively large among babies, thanks to early restriction of fresh milk. It should be noted that, above Zone V (300K-1000K/m2 in Cs-137), the estimated thyroid doses with a range of several tens of mGy are already of concern in a possible future outbreak of hypothyroidism. However, if the exposed individuals happened to be staying indoors at the time of plume passage, an order of magnitude of reduction is expected, although the alleviating effects depends on the airtightness of buildings. Even with these uncertainties, the estimated thyroid dose calls for continued health monitoring of those young residents who happened to be staying in these highly contaminated zones at the time of the plume passage.
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Carlotti, Paolo. "Shape of cadastral plot and band of pertinence. Meaning for Architectural Design". W 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6327.
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Some our studies of urban morphology, implemented on historical and contemporary urban fabric maps, allow us to believe that the shape of the lot and of band of pertinence of a pathway are essential to reading the formative urban process. Different phases of formative process of an urban center seems, in fact, to be recognizable in the of shape of lot and interaction between lots and path. These morphological shapes (lots) are the result of different centrality that are produced in the building fabric and, consequently, the restructuring pathways are important for understanding rules and causes of urban and architectural transformation of the city. This paper aims to offer a contribution to the definition of the elements of urban morphology. This research, part of a series of research, carried out in the Lab. Lettura e Progetto dell’Architettura of the Faculty of Roma (Sapienza), tries to be implemented in some case studies: Murcia and San Mateu. References Merlin P. (1988) Morphologie urbaine at parcellaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifiques, Saint Denis. Larkham P.J., Conzen M.P.,(ed) (2014) Shapers of Urban Form. Explorations in Morphological agency, Routledge, London. Strappa G, Carlotti P., Camiz A. (2016), Urban Morphology an Historical Fabrics. Contemporary design of small town in Latium, Gangemi editore, Roma
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STAICU, Daniela, Ruxandra ARGATU i Andrei BENGA. "Circular Economy as the Pathway to Sustainable Future: A Case Study on ALTRNTV Shop". W The International Conference on Economics and Social Sciences. Editura ASE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/icess/2024/051.
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Current societies rely primarily on increased consumption behaviour, this type of conduct being in contradiction with the finite character of resources and the planet’s ability to sustain life. The transition from the linear economy to the circular economy is thus to be desired and, in this sense, ongoing commitment is required from the community and decision makers. At both the European Union level as well as worldwide, various action plans and measurement indicators have been launched to enforce circularity, which stands as a main element of the Sustainable Development Goals. Within this context, this research aims to describe how a circular economy retail business in Bucharest, Romania, aligns with the Circular Economy Monitoring Framework indicators. Moreover, it identifies additional elements of circularity and positive societal impact generated by the business. To achieve the objective, the research methodology utilises qualitative research methods, specifically a descriptive case study. The data was collected through an in-depth interview and from both internal and public information available between 2022 and 2024. To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is a first research on Romanian-based startups in the circular economy, and it maps how much of the circular economy practices can be implemented in the current context in Romania. The analysis allowed us to describe how this startup is supporting the circular economy manufacturing sector and it covers all five large categories of indicators of the Circular Economy Monitoring Framework. Although the intention of this research was not specifically to highlight other significant societal impacts, the in-depth interview responses and the study of various internal and public materials revealed numerous practices with a high social impact. Future research should aim to understand how circular economy practices implemented in businesses create positive social impact.
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Kemmis, Carly M., i Diane R. Wagner. "FAK, SMAD and MAPK Pathways Diverge During Osteogenic and Chondrogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Cells". W ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206474.
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Adipose-derived mesenchymal cells (AMCs) are a promising cell source for orthopaedic tissue engineering applications due to their accessibility and multi-lineage potential [1]. However, future use in bone and cartilage regeneration requires a comprehensive understanding of the pathways driving AMCs to osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages. We have previously demonstrated the dual function of a single medium containing bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP-6) on differentiation of AMCs; in the presence of BMP-6, monolayer culture induces osteogenic differentiation while pellet culture stimulates chondrogenesis [2]. Additionally, BMP-6 has been demonstrated to be both osteogenic and chondrogenic on marrow-derived stem cells [3,4], but the mechanisms driving the effect of BMP-6 in these conditions remains poorly understood. Recent studies have implicated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and cell/matrix attachment in directing osteogenesis, while an absence of these signals support chondrogenesis [5,6]. We hypothesized that the focal adhesions present in monolayer prompt different pathway activation than in pellet culture, resulting in either osteogenic or chondrogenic differentiation of AMCs in response to BMP-6. Our goal was to elucidate the cellular mechanisms employed by BMP-6 during differentiation. Therefore, we examined the activation of the FAK, MAP kinase (MAPK) pathways, and the canonical BMP-6 pathway via SMAD signaling in both monolayer and pellet culture.
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McIntire, John, Haythem Mansour, Nadeen Sawaqued, Luke Schwab, Egduard Jauregui, Felicia Reinhart i Enoch May. "Innovative indoor navigation and route guidance solutions for first responders". W AHFE 2023 Hawaii Edition. AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004242.
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During emergencies, first responders must quickly and efficiently navigate to precise incident locations. Indoor navigation can be seriously challenging in large, complex, and often unfamiliar structures. This challenge is exacerbated by issues like distractions, lack of accessible or up-to-date maps, poor signage, lack of signage, and hampered visibility. Situations which could benefit from precise indoor navigational guidance may include active attackers, fires, HAZMAT, and various medical emergencies.In this work, we describe multiple projects that designed and prototyped innovative indoor navigation and route guidance solutions specifically for first responders. The projects were sponsored and mentored by US Air Force Research Lab (AFRL) and National Security Innovation Network (NSIN) personnel; and the technical work was conducted by undergraduate senior engineering students in a Design Innovation (DI) capstone course at the University of Colorado Denver. The first semester of each project was focused on conducting background research with first responders, end-users, customers, and subject matter experts, and performing DI ideation methods to generate and explore novel solution concepts. The second semester of the projects involved developing, testing, and showcasing proof-of-concept prototypes of their systems and/or subsystems.One team developed a computer-vision landmarking solution that allowed navigators to use small portable electronic devices (phone, tablet, bodycam) to determine self-location while moving through the space, and to receive turn-by-turn and distance-per-segment route guidance instructions when a destination was entered into the interface. Two other teams iterated on a pathway guidance solution concept that did not require carrying or handling any extra gear, and simply indicated desired pathways to a destination via the use of pre-installed electronic directional indicators. Both solution sets figured out innovative ways to route first-responders to emergency locations with little or no extra gear to be carried, and with robustness to changes in paths during transit.
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Gupta, Neeraj, R. Srianand, W. Baan, A. J. Baker, Rob J. Beswick, S. Bhatnagar, D. Bhattacharya i in. "The MeerKAT Absorption Line Survey (MALS)". W MeerKAT Science: On the Pathway to the SKA. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.277.0014.
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Barbur, J. L., A. J. Harlow i L. Weiskrantz. "Measurement of Spatiotemporal Frequency Response Characteristics in a Hemianope: (Evidence for two separate channels)". W Noninvasive Assessment of the Visual System. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/navs.1992.ma1.
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Damage to the striate cortex in human subjects results in phenomenal "blindness" in corresponding parts of the retinal-cortical map. Paradoxically, in monkeys visual capacity can still be demonstrated in the affected parts of the visual field, and can be shown to be mediated by non-geniculo-striate pathways (of which there are 9 in addition to the classical geniculo-striate cortical pathway). As the same extra-striate pathways are presumed to exist in humans, the question is whether the difference in results between species depends upon the necessity to use forced-choice discrimination methods in animals.
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Blanchini, Franco, i Elisa Franco. "Multistability and robustness of the MAPK pathway". W 2011 50th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control and European Control Conference (CDC-ECC 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2011.6160730.
Pełny tekst źródłaRaporty organizacyjne na temat "MAPS pathway"
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Hulata, Gideon, Thomas D. Kocher i Micha Ron. Elucidating the molecular pathway of sex determination in cultured Tilapias and use of genetic markers for creating monosex populations. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7695855.bard.
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The objectives of this project were to: 1) Identify genetic markers linked to sex-determining genes in various experimental and commercial stocks of O. niloticusand O. aureus, as well as red tilapias; 2) Develop additional markers tightly linked to these sex determiners, and develop practical, non-destructive genetic tests for identifying genotypic sex in young tilapia; A third aim, to map sex modifier loci, was removed during budget negotiations at the start of the project. Background to the topic. A major obstacle to profitable farming of tilapia is the tendency of females to reproduce at a small size during the production cycle, diverting feed and other resources to a large population of small, unmarketable fish. Several approaches for producing all-male fingerlings have been tried, including interspecific hybridization, hormonal masculinization, and the use of YY-supermale broodstock. Each method has disadvantages that could be overcome with a better understanding of the genetic basis of sex determination in tilapia. The lack of sex-linked markers has been a major impediment in research and development of efficient monosex populations for tilapia culture. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements. We identified DNA markers linked to sex determining genes in six closely related species of tilapiine fishes. The mode of sex determination differed among species. In Oreochromis karongaeand Tilapia mariaethe sex-determining locus is on linkage group (LG) 3 and the female is heterogametic (WZ-ZZ system). In O. niloticusand T. zilliithe sex-determining locus is on LG1 and the male is heterogametic (XX-XY system). We have nearly identified the series of BAC clones that completely span the region. A more complex pattern was observed in O. aureus and O. mossambicus, in which markers on both LG1 and LG3 were associated with sex. We found evidence for sex-linked lethal effects on LG1, as well as interactions between loci in the two linkage groups. Comparison of genetic and physical maps demonstrated a broad region of recombination suppression harboring the sex-determining locus on LG3. We also mapped 29 genes that are considered putative regulators of sex determination. Amhand Dmrta2 mapped to separate QTL for sex determination on LG23. The other 27 genes mapped to various linkage groups, but none of them mapped to QTL for sex determination, so they were excluded as candidates for sex determination in these tilapia species. Implications, both scientific and agricultural. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that at least two transitions in the mode of sex determination have occurred in the evolution of tilapia species. This variation makes tilapias an excellent model system for studying the evolution of sex chromosomes in vertebrates. The genetic markers we have identified on LG1 in O. niloticusaccurately diagnose the phenotypic sex and are being used to develop monosex populations of tilapia, and eliminate the tedious steps of progeny testing to verify the genetic sex of broodstock animals.
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Taylor, Joe, Evert-jan Quak, James Georgalakis i Louise Clark. Pathways to Impact in the Pandemic. Institute of Development Studies, wrzesień 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/cc.2022.003.
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Implementing and ascertaining impact and outcomes of research is a prolonged process that may take several years due to complexities in bureaucratic, social, and economic systems. At the macro level, collective reflection on the different methods and approaches that research projects use to promote uptake and impact is rare but has potential to encourage learning and exchanges between different funders and projects around impact pathways as useful road maps for research. The Covid-19 pandemic has changed the nature of research – while it has increased the demand for evidence to inform decision-making, it has further disrupted both the policy-influencing and engagement activities that would usually accompany such research. This report is based on an analysis of 90 research projects supported by the Covid Collective, COVID CIRCLE, and Covid Response for Equity (CORE) initiatives. It provides an overview and insight into how different funders and initiatives were working to facilitate change in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. In line with the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) definitions of ‘impact’, and subsequent work by the ESRC-FCDO’s (Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office) Impact Initiative, four categories were used to map the emerging outcomes and different types of change. These outcome areas comprise capacity, networks, conceptual, and instrumental outcomes. Outcome examples were then classified into more detailed descriptive groups highlighted in Table 1.
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Coleman, Sean, i John A. Barth. Processing and Analysis of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration US West Coast 2022 and 2023 Fisheries Survey Data: Exploring a Robust Data Processing Modus Operandi with Various Collection Methods. Oregon State University, październik 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5399/osu/1175.
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The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration‘s (NOAA) Northwest Fisheries Science Center’s (NWFSC) Fishery Resource Analysis and Monitoring Division (FRAM) performs multiple fisheries surveys aboard NOAA research vessels and chartered commercial fishery vessels along the US west coast stretching from San Diego, California, to the Strait of Juan de Fuca off northern Washington. In partnership with Fisheries and Oceans Canada, the Hake survey is extended north along the Canadian West Coast, to Haida Gwaii, British Columbia. Data from these surveys inform the implementation of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 2007. For the purposes of the Groundfish Survey, FRAM personnel utilize a trawl net to sample the local groundfish population at survey sites for shipboard analysis and stock assessment. In addition, Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth instruments (CTDs) are mounted to the trawl net with the purpose of acquiring oceanographic data at each survey site in conjunction with the fishery data. This form of data collection is unique to the Groundfish survey, as Hake and Hook and Line survey data are collected via traditional winch-based operations. Though other oceanographic variables are collected and analyzed, such as chlorophyll fluorescence (mg/m3) and turbidity (Normalized Turbidity Units - NTU) during survey operations, we are especially interested in dissolved oxygen (DO) data collected from the two oxygen sensors attached to the CTD payload (SBE43 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor, Aanderaa Optode 4330F Optical Dissolved Oxygen Sensor). Here, we utilize the manufacturer-recommended Sea-Bird SBE Processing pathway, and a set of scripts created within Python to process and visualize the data as a function of time, and to create near-bottom average values of all parameters. We also make maps of the concentration of DO along the seafloor over space for each year. Our results suggest that near-bottom average values of all parameters. In addition, we make maps of the concentration of DO along the seafloor over space for each year. Our results suggest that near-bottom dissolved oxygen distributions during the upwelling season are consistent with recent Pacific Northwest-wide studies inshore of the continental shelf break (~200 m). Given the widespread and increasing near-bottom hypoxia in the coastal ocean off the United States Pacific Northwest, we strongly recommend that NOAA continue to collect oceanographic data, especially dissolved oxygen data during survey operations to better understand spatial and temporal variability of hypoxic zones and their relationship to fish distributions.
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Friedman, Haya, Julia Vrebalov i James Giovannoni. Elucidating the ripening signaling pathway in banana for improved fruit quality, shelf-life and food security. United States Department of Agriculture, październik 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594401.bard.
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Background : Banana being a monocot and having distinct peel and pulp tissues is unique among the fleshy fruits and hence can provide a more comprehensive understanding of fruit ripening. Our previous research which translated ripening discoveries from tomato, led to the identification of six banana fruit-associated MADS-box genes, and we confirmed the positive role of MaMADS1/2 in banana ripening. The overall goal was to further elucidate the banana ripening signaling pathway as mediated by MADS-boxtranscriptional regulators. Specific objectives were: 1) characterize transcriptional profiles and quality of MaMADS1/2 repressed fruit; 2) reveal the role of additional MaMADSgenes in ripening; 3) develop a model of fruit MaMADS-box mode of action; and 4) isolate new components of the banana ripening signaling pathway. Major conclusion: The functions of the banana MaMADS1-5 have been examined by complimenting the rinor the TAGL1-suppressed lines of tomato. Only MaMADS5 exhibited partial complementation of TAGL1-suppressed and rinlines, suggesting that while similar genes play corresponding roles in ripening, evolutionary divergence makes heterologous complementation studies challenging. Nevertheless, the partial complementation of tomato TAGL1-surpessed and rinlines with MaMADS5 suggests this gene is likely an important ripening regulator in banana, worthy of further study. RNA-seqtranscriptome analysis during ripening was performed on WT and MaMADS2-suppressed lines revealing additional candidate genes contributing to ripening control mechanisms. In summary, we discovered 39 MaMADS-box genes in addition to homologues of CNR, NOR and HB-1 expressed in banana fruits, and which were shown in tomato to play necessary roles in ripening. For most of these genes the expression in peel and pulp was similar. However, a number of key genes were differentially expressed between these tissues indicating that the regulatory components which are active in peel and pulp include both common and tissue-specific regulatory systems, a distinction as compared to the more uniform tomato fruit pericarp. Because plant hormones are well documented to affect fruit ripening, the expressions of genes within the auxin, gibberellin, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, salicylic and ethylene signal transduction and synthesis pathways were targeted in our transcriptome analysis. Genes’ expression associated with these pathways generally declined during normal ripening in both peel and pulp, excluding cytokinin and ethylene, and this decline was delayed in MaMADS2-suppressed banana lines. Hence, we suggest that normal MaMADS2 activity promotes the observed downward expression within these non-ethylene pathways (especially in the pulp), thus enabling ripening progression. In contrast, the expressions of ACSand ACOof the ethylene biosynthesis pathway increase in peel and pulp during ripening and are delayed/inhibited in the transgenic bananas, explaining the reduced ethylene production of MaMADS2-suppressed lines. Inferred by the different genes’ expression in peel and pulp of the gibberellins, salicylic acid and cytokinins pathways, it is suggested that hormonal regulation in these tissues is diverse. These results provide important insights into possible avenues of ripening control in the diverse fruit tissues of banana which was not previously revealed in other ripening systems. As such, our transcriptome analysis of WT and ripening delayed banana mutants provides a starting point for further characterization of ripening. In this study we also developed novel evidence that the cytoskeleton may have a positive role in ripening as components of this pathway were down-regulated by MaMADS2 suppression. The mode of cytoskeleton involvement in fruit ripening remains unclear but presents a novel new frontier in ripening investigations. In summary, this project yielded functional understanding of the role and mode of action of MaMADS2 during ripening, pointing to both induction of ethylene and suppression of non-ethylene hormonal singling pathways. Furthermore, our data suggest important roles for cytoskeleton components and MaMADS5 in the overall banana ripening control network. Implications: The project revealed new molecular components/genes involved in banana ripening and refines our understanding of ripening responses in the peel and pulp tissues of this important species. This information is novel as compared to that derived from the more uniform carpel tissues of other highly studied ripening systems including tomato and grape. The work provides specific target genes for potential modification through genetic engineering or for exploration of useful genetic diversity in traditional breeding. The results from the project might point toward improved methods or new treatments to improve banana fruit storage and quality.
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Abbott, Albert G., Doron Holland, Douglas Bielenberg i Gregory Reighard. Structural and Functional Genomic Approaches for Marking and Identifying Genes that Control Chilling Requirement in Apricot and Peach Trees. United States Department of Agriculture, wrzesień 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7591742.bard.
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Structural and functional genomic approaches for marking and identifying genes that control chilling requirement in apricot and peach trees. Specific aims: 1) Identify and characterize the genetic nature of chilling requirement for flowering and dormancy break of vegetative shoots in Prunusgermplasm through the utilization of existing apricot (NeweYa'ar Research Center, ARO) and peach (Clemson University) genetic mapping populations; 2) Use molecular genetic mapping techniques to identify markers flanking genomic regions controlling chilling; 3) Comparatively map the regions controlling chilling requirement in apricot and peach and locate important genomic regions influencing chilling requirement on the Prunus functional genomic database as an initial step for identification of candidate genes; 4) Develop from the functional genomics database a set of markers facilitating the development of cultivars with optimized chilling requirements for improved and sustained fruit production in warm-winter environments. Dormant apricot (prunus armeniaca L.) and peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees require sustained exposure to low, near freezing, temperatures before vigorous floral and vegetative bud break is possible after the resumption of warm temperatures in the spring. The duration of chilling required (the chilling requirement, CR) is determined by the climatic adaptation of the particular cultivar, thus limiting its geographic distribution. This limitation is particularly evident when attempting to introduce superior cultivars to regions with very warm winter temperatures, such as Israel and the coastal southern United States. The physiological mechanism of CR is not understood and although breeding programs deliberately manipulate CR in apricot and peach crosses, robust closely associated markers to the trait are currently not available. We used segregating populations of apricot (100 Fl individuals, NeweYa'ar Research Center, ARO) and peach (378 F2 individuals, Clemson University) to discover several discreet genomic loci that regulate CR and blooming date. We used the extensive genomic/genetic resources available for Prunus to successfully combine our apricot and peach genetic data and identify five QTL with strong effects that are conserved between species as well as several QTL that are unique to each species. We have identified markers in the key major QTL regions for testing in breeding programs which we are carrying out currently; we have identified an initial set of candidate genes using the peach physical/transcriptome map and whole peach genome sequences and we are testing these currently to identify key target genes for manipulation in breeding programs. Our collaborative work to date has demonstrated the following: 1) CR in peach and apricot is predominantly controlled by a limited number ofQTL loci, seven detected in a peach F2 derived map comprising 65% of the character and 12 in an apricot Fl map comprising 71.6% and 55.6% of the trait in the Perfection and A. 1740 parental maps, respectively and that peach and apricot appear in our initial maps to share five genomic intervals containing potentially common QTL. 2) Application of common anchor markers of the Prunus/peach, physical/genetic map resources has allowed us not only to identify the shared intervals but also to have immediately available some putative candidate gene information from these intervals, the EVG region on LG1 in peach the TALY 1 region in apricot on LG2 in peach; and several others involved in vernalization pathways (LGI and LG7). 3) Mapped BACcontigs are easily defined from the complete physical map resources in peach through the common SSR markers that anchor our CR maps in the two species, 4) Sequences of BACs in these regions can be easily mined for additional polymorphic markers to use in MAS applications.
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Paran, Ilan, i Molly Jahn. Analysis of Quantitative Traits in Pepper Using Molecular Markers. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7570562.bard.
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Original objectives: The overall goal of the proposal was to determine the genetic and molecular control of pathways leading to the production of secondary metabolites determining major fruit quality traits in pepper. The specific objectives were to: (1) Generate a molecular map of pepper based on simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. (2) Map QTL for capsaicinoids content (3) Determine possible association between capsaicinoids and carotenoid content and structural genes for capsaicinoid and carotenoid biosynthesis. (4) Map QTL for quantitative traits controlling additional fruit traits. (5) Map fruit-specific ESTs and determine possible association with fruit QTL (6) Map the C locus that determines the presence and absence of capsaicinoids in pepper fruit and identify candidate genes for C. Background: Pungency, color, fruit shape and fruit size are among the most important fruit quality characteristics of pepper. Despite the importance of the pepper crop both in the USA and Israel, the genetic basis of these traits was only little known prior to the studies conducted in the present proposal. In addition, molecular tools for use in pepper improvement were lacking. Major conclusions and achievements: Our studies enabled the development of a saturated genetic map of pepper that includes numerous simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and the integration of several independent maps into a single resource map that consists of over 2000 markers. Unlike previous maps that consisted mostly of tomato-originated RFLP markers, the SSR-based map consists of largely pepper markers. Therefore, the SSR and integrated maps provide ample of tools for use in marker-assisted selection for diverse targets throughout the Capsicum genome. We determined the genetic and molecular bases of qualitative and quantitative variation of pungency, the most unique characteristics of pepper fruit. We mapped and subsequently cloned the Pun1 gene that serves as a master key for capsaicinoids accumulation and showed that it is an acyltransferase. By sequencing the Pun1 gene in pungent and non-pungent cultivars we identified a deletion that abolishes the expression of the gene in the latter cultivars. We also identified QTLs that control capsaicinoids content and therefore pungency level. These genes will allow pepper breeders to manipulate the level of pungency for specific agricultural and industrial purposes. In addition to pungency we identified genes and QTLs that control other key developmental processes of fruit development such as color, texture and fruit shape. The A gene controlling anthocyanin accumulation in the immature fruit was found as the ortholog of the petunia transcription factor Anthocyanin2. The S gene required for the soft flesh and deciduous fruit nature typical of wild peppers was identified as the ortholog of tomato polygalacturonase. We identified two major QTLs controlling fruit shape, fs3.1 and fs10.1, that differentiate between elongated and blocky and round fruit shapes, respectively. Scientific and agricultural implications: Our studies allowed significant advancement of our understanding at the genetic and molecular levels of important processes of pepper fruit development. Concomitantly to gaining biological knowledge, we were able to develop molecular tools that can be implemented for pepper improvement.
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Lafrancois, Toben, Mark Hove i Jay Glase. Zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) distribution in Apostle Islands National Lakeshore: SCUBA-based search and removal efforts: 2019–2020. National Park Service, maj 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293376.
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Invasive zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) were first observed in situ at Apostle Islands National Lakeshore (APIS) in 2015. This report builds on 2018 SCUBA surveys and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) veliger sampling to: 1) determine whether shoals on APIS borders act as sentinel sites to corroborate veliger drift hypotheses about invasion pathways, 2) evaluate ongoing hand-removal of zebra mussels from easily identified structures, and 3) continue efforts to assess native unionid mussel populations, particularly where zebra mussels are also present. Standard catch per unit effort survey methods by SCUBA teams were used to determine the distribution and relative abundance of zebra or quagga mussels (dreissenids) and native mussels (unionids). Zebra mussels were present at densities between 3 and 42 n/diver/hr (number of mussels per diver per hour), while native unionids were present at densities between 5 and 72 n/diver/hr. Shoal surveys (Eagle Island shoal, Sand Island shoal, York Island shoal, Bear Island shoal, Oak Island shoal, and Gull Island shoal) showed zebra mussels were more abundant on the west side of APIS and absent on the easternmost shoal (Gull Island), corroborating veliger work by the EPA that suggested drift from the Twin Ports of Duluth, Minnesota, and Superior, Wisconsin, is one pathway of invasion. Our results support the use of shallow shoals along the periphery of the park as sentinel sites gauging zebra mussel immigration and population dynamics. Zebra mussel densities in the central islands showed no obvious spatial pattern, and this survey cannot determine whether currents or human transport (or both) are invasion vectors. Given the mussels’ continued presence at heavily used mooring areas and docks where there are no zebra mussels on nearby natural features (e.g., Rocky Island dock, Stockton Island mooring areas), our findings are consistent with multiple invasion pathways (drift from the Twin Ports and anthropogenic sources at mooring areas). SCUBA search and removal of zebra mussels from docks was confirmed to be an effective method for significantly lowering the risk of zebra mussels reproducing and dispersing from these locations. We caution that this work is being done on what look like initial invasions at low densities. Repeated removal of zebra mussels by divers reduced numbers to zero at some sites after one year (South Twin docks, Stockton Island NPS docks, and the Ottawa wreck) or decreased numbers by an order of magnitude (Rocky Island docks). Dreissenid densities were more persistent on the Sevona wreck and longer-term work is required to evaluate removal versus recruitment (local and/or veliger drift). Given the size of the wreck, we have tracked detailed survey maps to guide future efforts. Zebra mussels were again observed attached to native mussels near Stockton Island and South Twin Island. Their continued presence on sensitive native species is of concern. Native unionid mussels were more widely distributed in the park than previously known, with new beds found near Oak and Basswood Islands. The work reported here will form the basis for continued efforts to determine the optimal frequency of zebra mussel removal for effective control, as well as evaluate impacts on native species.
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Cobb, Melanie H. The Role of the MAP Kinase Pathway in Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, październik 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada301655.
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Paran, Ilan, i Molly Jahn. Genetics and comparative molecular mapping of biochemical and morphological fruit characters in Capsicum. United States Department of Agriculture, marzec 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7586545.bard.
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Original objectives: The overall goal of our work was to gain information regarding the genetic and molecular control of pathways leading to the production of secondary metabolites determining major fruit quality traits in pepper and to develop tools based on this information to assist in crop improvement. The specific objectives were to: (1) Generate a molecular map of pepper based on simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. (2) Map QTL for capsaicinoid (pungency) content (3) Determine possible association between capsaicinoid and carotenoid content and structural genes for capsaicinoid and carotenoid biosynthesis. (4) Map QTL for quantitative traits controlling additional fruit traits. (5) Map fruit-specific ESTs and determine possible association with fruit QTL (6) Map the C locus that determines the presence and absence of capsaicinoid in pepper fruit and identify candidate genes for C.locus. Background: Pungency, color, fruit shape and fruit size are among the most important fruit quality characteristics of pepper. Despite the importance of the pepper crop both in the USA and Israel, the genetic basis of these traits was poorly understood prior to the studies conducted in the present proposal. In addition, molecular tools for use in pepper improvement were lacking. Major conclusions and achievements: Our studies enabled the development of a saturated genetic map of pepper that includes numerous SSR markers. This map has been integrated with a number of other independent maps resulting in the publication of a single resource map consisting of more than 2000 markers. Unlike previous maps based primarily on tomato-originated RFLP markers, the new maps are based on PCR markers that originate in Capsicum providing a comprehensive and versatile resource for marker-assisted selection in pepper. We determined the genetic and molecular bases of qualitative and quantitative variation of pungency, a character unique to pepper fruit. We mapped and subsequently cloned the Pun1 gene that serves as a master regulatoar for capsaicinoid accumulation and showed that it is an acyltransferase. By sequencing the Pun1 gene in pungent and non-pungent cultivars we identified a deletion that abolishes the expression of the gene in the latter cultivars. We also identified QTL that control capsaicinoid content and therefore pungency level. These genes will allow pepper breeders to manipulate the level of pungency for specific agricultural and industrial purposes. In addition to pungency we identified genes and QTL that control other key developmental processes of fruit development such as color, texture and fruit shape. The A gene controlling anthocyanin accumulation in the immature fruit was found as the ortholog of the petunia transcription factor Anthocyanin2. The S gene required for the soft flesh and deciduous fruit nature typical of wild peppers was identified as the ortholog of tomato polygalacturonase. We identified two major QTL controlling fruit shape, fs3.1 and fs10.1, that differentiate elongated and blocky and round fruit shapes, respectively. Scientific and agricultural implications: Our studies allowed significant advances in our understanding of important processes of pepper fruit development including the isolation and characterization of several well known genes. These results also provided the basis for the development of molecular tools that can be implemented for pepper improvement. A total of eleven refereed publications have resulted from this work, and several more are in preparation.
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Chandra, Dhyan. A Novel Mitochondria-Dependent Apoptotic Pathway (MAP) in Prostate Cancer (PCa) Cells. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, styczeń 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada415386.
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