Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Mandatory laws

Spis treści

  1. Artykuły w czasopismach
  2. Rozprawy doktorskie
  3. Książki
  4. Części książek
  5. Streszczenia konferencji
  6. Raporty organizacyjne

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Mandatory laws”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 19 października 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Mandatory laws"

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Geiderman, Joel. "Mandatory reporting laws". Annals of Emergency Medicine 35, nr 4 (kwiecień 2000): 403–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0644(00)70063-1.

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Weyers, Heleen. "Mandatory Sperm Donor Registration". European Journal of Comparative Law and Governance 3, nr 1 (21.02.2016): 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134514-00301003.

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Seven European countries prohibited anonymous sperm donation. This article looks at the similarities and differences of these laws. The laws share the structure of a prohibition and an obligation. Another common characteristic is that they all lack the legal provision to inform children that they are donor offspring. This suggests that the laws are merely symbolic. The laws differ regarding their orientation. The Swedish and Norwegian laws are value-oriented. They explicitly aim at the best interest of the child and try to guarantee that the child will grow up under good conditions. The Dutch law is merely process-oriented. To decide whether the laws are instrumental or symbolic, the missing provision of the laws is discussed. Next to that, the ultimate goal of the laws is considered. The conclusion is that a deeper look in to parliamentary debates is needed to determine the characters of the laws.
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Kalichman, Seth C., Cheryl L. Brosig i Moira O. Kalichman. "Mandatory Child Abuse Reporting Laws". Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 21, nr 1-2 (18.10.1994): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j076v21n01_03.

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Mignon, Sylvia I., i William M. Holmes. "Police Response to Mandatory Arrest Laws". Crime & Delinquency 41, nr 4 (październik 1995): 430–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128795041004004.

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Mandatory arrest laws, although controversial, have gained support as one mechanism for reducing domestic violence. This research examines how police officers responded to mandatory arrest statutes. Twenty-four police departments produced data on interventions in 861 cases of domestic violence. Implementing a mandatory arrest law significantly increased arrests of offenders, especially those in violation of a restraining order. Arrest was affected by injury to the victim, use of a weapon, use of alcohol, and presence of a witness. Police training was crucial to the implementation of the mandatory arrest statute.
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BELL, LORNA, i PATRICK TOOMAN. "MANDATORY REPORTING LAWS: A CRITICAL OVERVIEW". "International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family" 8, nr 3 (1994): 337–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/lawfam/8.3.337.

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Barraza, Leila, Kim Weidenaar, Doug Campos-Outcalt i Y. Tony Yang. "Human Papillomavirus and Mandatory Immunization Laws". Public Health Reports 131, nr 5 (24.08.2016): 728–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354916663184.

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Kleinheisterkamp, Jan. "OVERRIDING MANDATORY LAWS IN INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION". International and Comparative Law Quarterly 67, nr 4 (12.09.2018): 903–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589318000295.

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AbstractOverriding mandatory laws present one of the most pervasive and delicate problems of international arbitration because they affect party autonomy in both its substantive and procedural dimensions. The tension between these concepts both in theory and in practice is a classic emanation of the public–private divide, which is particularly problematic in international and transnational settings. This tension is even stronger in the context of economic integration and regulation, such as in the EU Internal Market. This article revisits and conceptualizes the operation of overriding mandatory laws in the context of arbitration from the perspectives of conflict of laws, public law, and EU law. Drawing on the principles of effectiveness and proportionality, it proposes a practical rather than a theoretical solution to the dialectical relationship between private and public interests in legal certainty.
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Bansal, Sharad. "The Dampening Effect of ‘Foreign’ Mandatory Laws". Asian International Arbitration Journal 14, Issue 2 (1.12.2018): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aiaj2018009.

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Party autonomy – a foundational facet of international arbitration – is often at loggerheads with public policy elements. A recurrent debate in international arbitration has been the extent of limits imposed by public policy on party autonomy. One aspect of this debate is when parties expressly opt for a law governing the merits of the dispute, can an arbitral tribunal derogate from such law and apply a mandatory rule which it finds to be relevant to the dispute? This issue has repercussions on the enforceability of arbitration agreements as well as arbitral awards where mandatory rules are involved. In this article, the author argues that arbitrators are bound to apply mandatory laws notwithstanding the fact that such a measure constitutes a departure from the lex contractus, since parties inherently lack the capacity to contract out of mandatory rules. To the extent that mandatory rules reflect public policy they now cast a limit to parties’ lex contractus.
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Merrill-Francis, Molly, Jon S. Vernick i Keshia M. Pollack Porter. "Local All-Age Bicycle Helmet Ordinances in the United States: A Review and Analysis". Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 47, nr 2 (2019): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110519857283.

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Bicycle helmets protect against head injury. Mandatory helmet laws likely increase their use. Although 21 states and Washington, DC have mandatory helmet laws for youth (variously defined) bicyclists, no U.S. state has a mandatory helmet law that applies to all ages; however, some localities have all-age helmet laws for bicyclists. This study abstracted local helmet laws applicable to all-ages to examine their elements.
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Criddle, Evan J., i Evan Fox-Decent. "Mandatory Multilateralism". American Journal of International Law 113, nr 2 (kwiecień 2019): 272–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2019.3.

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AbstractThis Article challenges the conventional wisdom that states are always free to choose whether to participate in multilateral regimes. International law often mandates multilateralism to ensure that state laws and practices are compatible with sovereign equality and joint stewardship. The Article maps mandatory multilateralism's domain, defines its requirements, and examines its application to three controversies: the South China Sea dispute, the United States’ withdrawal from the 2015 Paris Agreement, and Bolivia's case against Chile in the International Court of Justice.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Mandatory laws"

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Shafiani, Shahriar. "Visibility, Allegiance, Dissent: Mandatory Hijab Laws and Contemporary Iranian Cinema". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1627930372378197.

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Shafiani, Shahriar. "Visibility, Allegiance, Dissent: Mandatory Hijab Laws and Contemporary Iranian Cinema". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1627930372378197.

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Faulkner, Amanda Ellen. "Do Variations in State Mandatory Child Abuse and Neglect Report Laws affect Report Rates among Medical Personnel?" Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/58.

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Each state and territory within the United States is required by the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act [42 U.S.C. 5101 et seq.] to maintain a mandatory suspected child abuse and neglect reporting law, requiring certain professionals who regularly see children to report any suspicions of child maltreatment to child protective services. It is well documented that mandatory reporters fail to report each case of suspected child maltreatment they witness. This study sought to determine whether differences in three specific variables within the mandatory report laws had an effect on the frequency with which medical personnel report suspected child abuse and neglect. The three variables analyzed were: definitional scope of emotional abuse; standard of knowledge required for a report; and severity of penalty imposed on those who knowingly fail to report cases of child abuse and neglect. Data was obtained from the Child Maltreatment 2006 annual report printed by the Health and Human Services Administration of Children, Youth and Families. Of the three variables assessed, only severity of penalty yielded a significant association with report rate. States with lower report rates were significantly more likely to have lenient penalties for failure to report compared with those who had report rates above the national average (O.R. = 5.0, 95% C.I. = 1.165-21.465). It is recommended that states consider increasing the severity of the sanctions enforced for failure to report suspected child abuse and neglect. Although standard of knowledge requirements were not significantly associated with report rates, the literature suggests that standardization of this portion of the mandatory report laws could improve report rates, particularly among physicians.
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Brown, Albert E. "Particularism in Justice". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1204652909.

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Kent, Lauren Jane. "The Consumer Protection Act (CPA) and conflict of laws: does the CPA provide mandatory minimum protection in an international commercial transaction?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12899.

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au, k. lewins@murdoch edu, i Kate Lewins. "The Trade Practices Act (Cth) 1974 and its Impact on Maritime Law in Australia". Murdoch University, 2008. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20081223.135713.

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The trade of shipping is necessarily international in nature. Courts and international bodies often express the need to ensure international consistency in matters of maritime law. However, it has been an extremely difficult goal to achieve. Many countries have refused to be party to international conventions that seek to ensure comity. Some have enacted laws that reflect part but not all of those conventions, or seek to improve the protection offered by the conventions. The domestic law of each country also adds its own flavour to shipping law as recognised and applied by the courts in that jurisdiction. In 1974 Australia enacted the Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth) (TPA), heralding a new era in corporate and commercial law. However, its impact on maritime law on Australia has only been felt over the last 10 – 15 years. It is potentially relevant to many areas of maritime law, including carriage of goods by sea, cruise ships, and towage. This thesis explores the encroachment of the TPA on a number of different areas of shipping law, using the few case examples on offer and extrapolating the impact that the TPA may have. It also considers the extent to which the TPA is stymied by simple contractual agreements to litigate or arbitrate in a non Australian forum, despite the TPA’s status as a mandatory statute within Australia. Raised at various points in the thesis is the possibility of law reform, which is a complex compendium of issues overlaid with a moral dimension – does shipping, as an industry, deserve to be exempted from the operation of the Act which sets a high standard of corporate behaviour? If so, how could that reform be shaped? In the meantime, what steps can the shipping industry take to work within the legal framework of the TPA?
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Srikison, Veerashnie. "Mandatory child-Inclusive mediation - a possibility in South Africa?" Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/73253.

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South Africa is a signatory state to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) which promotes child participation as an essential right. South Africa has the advantage of the Constitution of South Africa and the Children’s Act 38 of 2005 which give the child a voice but has the disadvantage of the Divorce Act 70 of 1979 which is parent-centric. This research will show that a conundrum exists between realising Article 12 of the UNCRC, Section 28(2) of the Constitution, Section 10 of the Children’s Act and the Divorce Act. It will be shown that there are insufficient efforts currently practiced in dispute resolution related to parenting disputes because of the reliance placed by legal practitioners more on the Divorce Act provisions which show lack of support for child inclusion than the intent of the Children’s Act to include children. This research focuses on the process of mediation and its benefits that make it the ideal environment to include the voice of the child in separation and divorce processes. A case will be made out as to why South African legislators should consider making child inclusive mediation a mandatory process ancillary to the dissolution of the relationship between the parents. Pathways created by the Australian and Canadian jurisdictions, as signatories to the UNCRC, in realising Article 12 of the UNCRC will be looked at. Their initiatives will provide the backdrop for consideration to improving child inclusive practices in South Africa.
Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Private Law
LLM
Unrestricted
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Holmer, Mathilde. "Seeking asylum in the United States : Mandatory detention and international law". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-244906.

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Latil, Cédric. "Intérêt public et lois de police en droit international privé". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1077.

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Les lois de police sont traditionnellement définies comme des lois dont l’observation est jugée nécessaire pour la sauvegarde de l’organisation politique, sociale et économique du pays. Le juge procède dès lors à leur application immédiate sans même recourir à la règle de conflit de lois. Une telle définition ne permet cependant pas d’identifier avec certitude ce type de normes. Cette recherche entend ainsi proposer un définition du concept des lois de police délimité au regard de l’intérêt public, élément qui a été intégré l’article 9, paragraphe 1 du règlement « Rome I » sur la loi applicable aux obligations contractuelles. Les réflexions menées conduisent ensuite à s’interroger sur les conditions qui permettent de conférer aux lois de police une impérativité dans l’ordre international. Il s’agit alors de rechercher quelle est l’incidence de la considération d’intérêt public dans le traitement de conflits de lois mais aussi des conflits de juridictions
Overriding mandatory provisions is traditionally defined as a provisions the respect for which is regarded as necessary by a country for safeguarding its political, social or economic organisation. Hence, the Courts apply the law of the forum automatically and do not apply their own conflit of rules. Definition is not precise enough to be used accurately. Therefore we propose to define concept of Overriding mandatory provisions focuses on the « Public Interest », which is derived from article 9, paragraph 1 of the regulation on the law applicable to the contractual obligations. In the following lines, we wonder about the mandatory implantation of these rules at the intrenational level. Our aim is to measure the impact of Public Interest in the conflict of laws and in the conflict of jurisdictions
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Smith, Barbara H. "Mandatory Internet filtering in public libraries the disconnect between law and technology /". [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0021600.

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Książki na temat "Mandatory laws"

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Grey, Joseph. Mandatory seat belt use laws. Charlottesville, Va: Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council, 1985.

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Virginia Highway & Transportation Research Council., red. The constitutionality of mandatory seat belt laws. Charlottesville, Va: Virginia Highway & Transportation Research Council, 1986.

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Paterson, Lee T. Federal mandatory workplace posters. Wyd. 3. Carlsbad, Calif: Parker Publications, 1992.

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Paterson, Lee T. Federal mandatory workplace posters. Wyd. 2. Carlsbad, Calif: Parker & Son Publications, 1991.

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Paterson, Lee T. Federal mandatory workplace posters. Los Angeles, Calif: Parker & Son Publications, 1989.

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Driscoll, David P. Mandatory criminal record (CORI) checks. [Boston, Mass.]: [The Commissioner], 2007.

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Paterson, Lee T. Mandatory workplace posters in California. Los Angeles, Calif: Parker & Son Publications, 1988.

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Paterson, Lee T. Mandatory workplace posters in California. Wyd. 3. Carlsbad, Calif: Parker & Son Publications, 1991.

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Paterson, Lee T. Mandatory workplace posters in California. Wyd. 4. Carlsbad, Calif: Parker Publications, 1992.

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Paterson, Lee T. Mandatory workplace posters in California. Wyd. 5. Carlsbad, Calif: Parker Publications, 1994.

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Części książek na temat "Mandatory laws"

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Burr, Andrew. "Mandatory laws in international construction contracts". W Delay and Disruption in Construction Contracts, 1148–61. Wyd. 6. London: Informa Law from Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429196676-28.

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Bünger, Dirk. "4 TRI Under US Environmental Information Laws: The Collection". W Deficits in EU and US Mandatory Environmental Information Disclosure, 233–407. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22757-8_4.

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Bünger, Dirk. "3 E-PRTR Under EU Environmental Information Laws: The Collection". W Deficits in EU and US Mandatory Environmental Information Disclosure, 57–232. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22757-8_3.

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Goldson, Edward. "Neglect: Should There Be Mandatory Reporting?" W Mandatory Reporting Laws and the Identification of Severe Child Abuse and Neglect, 219–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9685-9_11.

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Mathews, Ben. "Mandatory Reporting Laws: Their Origin, Nature, and Development over Time". W Mandatory Reporting Laws and the Identification of Severe Child Abuse and Neglect, 3–25. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9685-9_1.

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Richards, Edward P. "The Historical Background for Mandatory Reporting Laws in Public Health". W Mandatory Reporting Laws and the Identification of Severe Child Abuse and Neglect, 105–23. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9685-9_6.

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Douglas, Heather, i Tamara Walsh. "Mandatory Reporting of Child Abuse and Marginalised Families". W Mandatory Reporting Laws and the Identification of Severe Child Abuse and Neglect, 491–509. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9685-9_23.

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Parkinson, Patrick. "Mandatory Reporting of Child Sexual Abuse by Religious Leaders". W Mandatory Reporting Laws and the Identification of Severe Child Abuse and Neglect, 295–308. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9685-9_14.

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Scott, Debbie, i Jennifer Fraser. "Mandatory Reporting of Child Abuse and Neglect by Health Professionals". W Mandatory Reporting Laws and the Identification of Severe Child Abuse and Neglect, 381–93. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9685-9_18.

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Buckley, Helen, i Roni Buckley. "The Sins of the (Irish) Fathers: Is Mandatory Reporting the Best Response?" W Mandatory Reporting Laws and the Identification of Severe Child Abuse and Neglect, 275–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9685-9_13.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Mandatory laws"

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Schmitt, Louis A., i David D. Perkins. "Mandatory Seat Belt Laws - An Arizona Perspective". W West Coast International Meeting and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/861092.

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Hoxie, Paul, i David Skinner. "Fatality Reductions from Mandatory Seat belt Usage Laws". W SAE International Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/870219.

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Kačevska, Inga, i Aleksandrs Fillers. "Privātautonomijas ierobežojumi starptautiskajās privāttiesībās: Šķīrējtiesu likuma kontekstā". W Latvijas Universitātes 81. starptautiskā zinātniskā konference. LU Akadēmiskais apgāds, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/juzk.81.22.

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Party autonomy is one of the pillars of arbitration. Throughout the world, arbitration laws typically aim to provide parties with extensive freedom to tailor arbitration procedure to their specific dispute. The Arbitration Law of Latvia radically diverges from this model, as its rules significantly and disproportionally restrict party autonomy. The most notable deviation pertains to the selection of arbitrators. All the permanent arbitration institutions in Latvia must maintain a mandatory list of arbitrators. Parties are only permitted to select arbitrators from those lists. The authors argue that this restriction is disproportionate and does not promote impartial arbitration. Moreover, the mandatory nature of these lists substantially restricts the parties’ ability to select arbitrators with the most pertinent expertise for the specific dispute.
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Norman, Michael D. "The Relationship Between ISO 9000 and PED Quality Modules". W ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-1793.

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The Pressure Equipment Directive (97/23/EC) [PED] was adopted by the European Parliament and the European Council in May 1997. Following a two-and-a-half year transition phase, the PED became mandatory on May 29, 2002. Its purpose is to harmonize national laws of Member States regarding the design, manufacture, testing and conformity assessment of pressure equipment and their assemblies, and thus ensure the free placing on the market and putting into service of pressure equipment within the European Economic Area.
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Garbolevsky, Alexander F. "The European Pressure Equipment Directive 97/23/EC (PED): An Overview". W ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-1792.

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Development of the European Pressure Equipment Directive 97/23/EC, better known as the “PED was set into motion on April 19, 1994 when the European Parliament delivered its opinion at the first reading on the proposal for a “European Parliament and Council Directive on the approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning pressure equipment”. The Parliament and Council adopted the Directive, bearing that official title, on May 29, 1997. On May 29, 2002, the PED became mandatory in the countries of the European Economic Area (EEA).
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Goncharova, Yana, Tatyana Savchenko, Olga Sheveleva i Iuliia Zubcova. "The Mandatory Nature of Online Learning During COVID-19: A Comparative Study of the Experience of Three Universities". W Congreso Internacional de Ingeniería de Sistemas. Universidad de Lima, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26439/ciis2020.5479.

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This paper is devoted to the comparative analysis of three online learning plat forms used by three universities (Dubna State University and Pyatigorsk State University in Russia and University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” in Italy) for the forced adoption of onli ne learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. The advantages, defects and restrictions of each learning platform are analyzed along with the factor of human error and incompetence while using the platforms. It was found that it was difficult to establish the authorship of the tasks performed, to check the real attendance and level of involvement during online lectures, and to ascertain students’ identity without violating laws on personal data and privacy. What is more, the participants of the educational process demonstrated their lack of experience and technical skills to work with the platforms, and their lack of motivation and self-discipline. In accordance with the data received and analyzed in this research, a list of recommendations and technical specifications required is offered. This research is useful for government institutions, universities, academic staff and students working or planning to start working with online learning instruments.
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Smarra, Margherita, i Marco Sorrentino. "The quality of SOEs’ annual financial statements: A critical analysis of the OECD guidelines". W Corporate governance: Fundamental and challenging issues in scholarly research. Virtus Interpress, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgfcisrp11.

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National and international accounting literature and established accountancy laws now agree that the nature of invested resources, and — above all — pursued objectives, can modify the accountability of state-owned enterprises (SOEs). This accountability is characterised as being of public interest, and the efficacy of the statutory accounts model derived from the chosen business plan is consequently reduced. Based upon this hypothesis, the present work proposes an evaluation of the mandatory accounting regulations for Italian state-owned enterprises via an evaluation of compliance with the OECD guidelines of November 2015 regarding “disclosure and transparency”. Although the work substantially evidences compliance with the majority of OECD recommendations, it also highlights a concentration of non-compliance in areas regarding company performance statements
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Botsis, Ch, G. Anagnostides i N. Kokavesis. "Seismic Design of Cylindrical and Spherical Storage Tanks According to API and Eurocode: A Difficult Merge in Design Philosophies". W ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-2109.

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Herein a comprehensive review and comparison of the parameters used in design of cylindrical tanks according to API 650 and Eurocodes is presented. API 650 is extensively used in many countries, including Greece, for the design of storage tanks. The European Community has developed a set of structural design codes named Eurocodes. They are the gathering and combination of existing design knowledge of many member states. Some of these codes are already mandatory in many member states, whereas others are still under discussion and improvement. The design of storage tanks is covered in the last editions of Eurocodes. It was found that the seismic design according to Eurocodes is more conservative that of API 650. As compared to API 650, the thickness of the first, second, and third courses of storage tanks needs to be increased by 15% or 20% on average, when the seismic design requirements of Eurocodes is used. Similarly the thickness of the bottom plate under the first course, must also be increased to comply with the seismic design requirements of Eurocodes. Most likely Eurocodes will be mandatory in the European Union, and therefore it is important to study and discuss the main differences between API 650 and Eurocodes. Undoubtedly API 650 is a historic and well-tested code. It has been applied in the design of storage tanks all over the world, however compliance with local and European laws is required to issue an installation license.
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Willey, Lawrence D., i Joel Chalfin. "Electric Power Generation Equipment Specification and Supply in the Rapidly Changing Global Regulatory Scene". W ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30161.

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The proliferation of new codes & standards for power generation equipment procurement, and their increased frequency of revision, contributes to an atmosphere of increasingly rapid change in global trade considerations. This dynamic environment has amplified intensely with each year, to an extent that the life cycle of a given standard is in many instances appreciably less than the delivery cycles of heavy machinery. Other issues are created by the slower pace of harmonization of codes & standards in the European Union (EU), US and elsewhere. These codes & standards cover requirements that include emissions, acoustics, and safety that exert pronounced effects on the design, manufacture, and integration of power plant components. Conformity assessment partnering and the importance of other expert interpretation services are a key component to successfully meeting evolving compliance requirements. Delivering Customer Fulfillment for the Order to Remittance (OTR) phase of a project must be circled back to the Inquiry to Order (ITO) front end of the business cycle for new proposals. Another interesting arena is the relationship of advanced prime mover design balanced with the need for standardization to meet these regulatory challenges in the face of high production volume. The typical power generation project cycle, measured in terms of years, coupled with the present high demand worldwide results in orders for equipment that in many cases can’t foresee regulatory requirements 2 to 3 years into the future. Examples include projects in the EU where the Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) and Atmospheres Explosive (ATEX) Directive have mandatory compliance dates of May 2002 and June 2003 respectively. Electric power generation Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) and their suppliers must plan for and price into contracts compliance with these laws years before the equipment is built and shipped. This is further complicated by the interpretation of specific requirements and the definition of the OEM conformity assessment strategy. To rectify this situation, it is recommended that steps be initiated to accelerate the worldwide harmonization of technical standards. In addition, consideration for the delivery cycles and commissioning of new power plants must be included in the regulatory process and in setting the dates for mandatory compliance with regional law.
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Živojinović, Dragica. "PRISTANAK DAVAOCA KAO USLOV DOPUSTIVOG UZIMANjA ORGANA SA UMRLOG LICA U SVRHU TRANSPLANTACIJE". W XIX majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xixmajsko.573z.

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Harvesting the organs of the deceased is the primary source of procuring human organs adequate for transplantation. Therefore, the key issue that needs to be regulated in transplantation laws is the donor's consent for post-mortem harvesting of organs for the purpose of transplantation. In this paper, the author analyzes two dominant models of donor's consent in contemporary European legislation as a condition for permitted harvesting of the deceased person's organs – the model of express consent and the model of presumed consent, as well as the model of consent that has been adopted in Serbian law. The author's interest also revolves around other potential solutions: the mixed model, the system in which the harvesting of organs is justified by the necessity in emergency situations and the concept of mandatory choice. In this paper the author points to the advantages and weaknesses of each model and reviews how the regulations tackle the issue whether the lack of donor's consent for post-mortem harvesting of his organs can be replaced with the consent of family members. In the concluding remarks, the author presents the arguments why the models of express consent is a more acceptable option and argues that the choice of the donor's consent model is not crucial for increasing the number of organ donors, but rather the action coming from several levels aimed at raising the awarness of citizens of the significance of organ donation.
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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Mandatory laws"

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Anderson, D. Mark, Yang Liang i Joseph Sabia. Mandatory Seatbelt Laws and Traffic Fatalities: A Reassessment. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, styczeń 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30851.

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Iyengar, Radha. Does the Certainty of Arrest Reduce Domestic Violence? Evidence from Mandatory and Recommended Arrest laws. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, czerwiec 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13186.

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Carpenter, Christopher, i Mark Stehr. The Effects of Mandatory Seatbelt Laws on Seatbelt Use, Motor Vehicle Fatalities, and Crash-Related Injuries among Youths. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, wrzesień 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13408.

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Davoudi Kakhki, Fatemeh, i Maria Chierichetti. Exploring the Relationship Between Mandatory Helmet Use Regulations and Adult Cyclists’ Behavior in California Using Hybrid Machine Learning Models. Mineta Transportation Institute, październik 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2024.

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In California, bike fatalities increased by 8.1% from 2015 to 2016. Even though the benefits of wearing helmets in protecting cyclists against trauma in cycling crash has been determined, the use of helmets is still limited, and there is opposition against mandatory helmet use, particularly for adults. Therefore, exploring perceptions of adult cyclists regarding mandatory helmet use is a key element in understanding cyclists’ behavior, and determining the impact of mandatory helmet use on their cycling rate. The goal of this research is to identify sociodemographic characteristics and cycling behaviors that are associated with the use and non-use of bicycle helmets among adults, and to assess if the enforcement of a bicycle helmet law will result in a change in cycling rates. This research develops hybrid machine learning models to pinpoint the driving factors that explain adult cyclists’ behavior regarding helmet use laws.
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Rodrigues, Gilberto M. A. ¿Autonomía pragmática? La nueva política exterior de Lula. Fundación Carolina, kwiecień 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.33960/ac_07es.2023.

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El presidente Lula asume su nuevo mandato (2023-) tras haber derrotado al gobierno de ultraderecha de Bolsonaro, basado en una gran coalición de partidos e intereses internos, algunos bastante divergentes. Con el experimentado exministro Celso Amorim como principal asesor internacional, Lula retoma su política exterior bajo nuevas claves internas e internacionales, con más dificultades y desafíos en relación a sus dos mandatos anteriores (2003-2010). Las divisiones internas del país, que exigen una reconciliación sociopolítica, y el conflictivo e inestable escenario internacional, implican una nueva política exterior destinada a recuperar la posición y la imagen de Brasil en la escena internacional. Se trata del concepto de “autonomía pragmática” que combina las pretensiones de liderazgo del país en cuestiones como el cambio climático y el combate al hambre con el deseo de mantener el equilibrio entre polos de poder opuestos en el sistema internacional.
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Ferreyra, Marta Clara. Socialización entre mujeres: mandatos de feminidad y propuestas políticas feministas. Fundación Carolina, grudzień 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33960/ac_25.2022.

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En este texto reflexiono sobre tres estrategias de socialización entre mujeres en el marco de la acción política: la lógica de las idénticas (Amorós, 2007), la tiranía de la falta de estructuras (Freeman, 1999) y las tretas del débil (Ludmer, 1984). Señalo la persistencia de mandatos de feminidad en estas estrategias y las analizo alrededor de las propuestas políticas feministas de sororidad y affidamento. Me decanto por esta última pues resignifica las diferencias, liderazgos y autoridades entre mujeres, otorgándoles una valoración positiva y reconociéndolas como estratégicas para la acción política, lo cual, a su vez, siembra terreno fértil para la articulación con otros proyectos de justicia social. Concluyo que transformar las relaciones entre mujeres resulta esencial para fortalecer su incidencia política, especialmente en tiempos donde el retorno de la ultraderecha en diversas latitudes amenaza la fuerza ganada por los feminismos y los derechos de las mujeres en general.
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López Bóo, Florencia. How Do Crises Affect Schooling Decisions?: Evidence from Changing Labor Market Opportunities and a Policy Experiment. Inter-American Development Bank, grudzień 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010901.

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This paper examines the effect of labor market opportunities on schooling and employment decisions in 12 urban areas in Argentina over 12 years, emphasizing the recession/crisis years of 1998-2002. In typical years deteriorating job rates boost the probability of attending school and decrease the probability of combining work and school, particularly for boys; the probability of being in school for secondary school children was about 6% higher in 2002 than in 1998. These estimates reflect a new 1996 Federal Education Law (FEL) that extended mandatory education to 10 years.
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Soto, Clyde, Lilian Soto i Line Bareiro. La inclusión de las mujeres en los procesos de reforma política en América Latina. Inter-American Development Bank, marzec 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007853.

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Este trabajo aborda desde una perspectiva de igualdad de género el sistema democrático, en concordancia con la estrategia de modernización del Estado del Banco. El estudio se propone desagregar el factor de género, partiendo de la consideración de que la inclusión de las mujeres en los procesos de reforma política y, más ampliamente, en los procesos de modernización del Estado, es una contribución positiva para la superación del déficit democrático que muestra América Latina. Esa inclusión se refiere tanto a una participación equitativa de mujeres y hombres en los cargos electivos y mandatos como a la integración en las reformas de los problemas sentidos por las mujeres y las propuestas de las organizaciones feministas y del movimiento amplio de mujeres.
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Smyle, Jim, Sally Collins i Claire Biason. Rependando las Regulaciones Forestales: Superando los retos de la reforma regulatoria. Rights and Resources Initiative, kwiecień 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/hdcd2764.

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Este breve análisis va dirigido a las instancias decisorias y de políticas públicas del sector forestal que participan en la regulación y la supervisión de bosques naturales y regenerados. Por ello, el documento se refiere a un área limitada pero extremadamente fundamental de la gobernanza forestal: las regulaciones y los proceos regulatorios como instrumentos y medios para lograr los objetivos de la gestión forestal sostenible (GFS). Muchos de los elementos impulsores y de los factores que atenúan esta gestión se encuentran fuera del sector forestal, tal como la conversión de bosques para actividades agrícolas, y no es el propósito ni la intención de este documento abordarlos aquí. El propósito principal es centrarse en los asuntos que generalmente recaen dentro del mandato jurídico de las agencias públicas del sector forestal y por consiguiente dentro de las posibilidades de sus líderes para generar cambios.
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Ludeña, Carlos E., i David Ryfisch. Chile: Mitigación y adaptación al cambio climático. Inter-American Development Bank, marzec 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010074.

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Este documento identifica áreas de acción prioritarias en las áreas de adaptación y mitigación al cambio climático en Chile. Este análisis se realiza en base a indicadores claves sectoriales, así como las estrategias nacionales, los avances que se han efectuado a la fecha y las prioridades del Gobierno de Chile. Estas áreas de prioridad sirven como insumos para la formulación de la Estrategia del País del BID de Chile 2014-2018. Las acciones propuestas garantizarán el apoyo al desarrollo económico y social por medio de la mitigación y adaptación al cambio climático. El documento se construye como una nota transversal que complementa otras áreas prioritaria del BID y se sustenta en los principios y mandatos de la Novena Reposición de Capital y en la Estrategia de Cambio Climático del BID.
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