Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Male sheep

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Male sheep”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 1 lutego 2022

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Male sheep"

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Franz, S., A. M. Dadak, G. Schoffmann, J. L. Khol, W. Baumgartner i G. Dupre. "Laparoscopic-assisted cystotomy: an experimental study in male sheep". Veterinární Medicína 54, No. 8 (22.09.2009): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/106/2009-vetmed.

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Aim: To describe a technique of laparoscopic-assisted cystotomy in male sheep. Experimental animals: five healthy male sheep aged approximately nine months (mean weight: 39.6 ± 1.51 kg). Laparoscopy was performed on sheep placed under general anaesthesia in dorsal recumbency. A 10-mm laparoscope was inserted through the right paramedian region between the xiphoid and preputial orifice. After creation of a capnoperitoneum, grasping forceps were inserted through the left paramedian region close to the last pair of teats. The urinary bladder was elevated using grasping forceps and exteriorized through an abdominal incision. The bladder was opened extracorporeally, lavaged, closed, and then repositioned. A pigtail balloon catheter was subsequently inserted percutaneously under laparoscopic control and removed ten days later. A repeat laparoscopy was performed at 14 days after the first procedure to assess gross pathological changes. Laparoscopic-assisted cystotomy was successfully performed on all sheep. In one sheep, both the ventral and dorsal bladder walls were inadvertently perforated when placing the urinary catheter. The postoperative course was favourable: all sheep had a good appetite and showed no pathological findings during physical examination. During the repeat laparoscopy, it was observed that one sheep had developed a focal adhesion of the parietal peritoneum to the bladder catheter portal site. Laparoscopic-assisted cystotomy with catheter implantation is shown to be feasible in male sheep. This technique may be useful for removal of uroliths in patients suffering from obstructive urolithiasis opening the urinary bladder and for performing urinary diversion.
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Suwarta, F. X. "Analisis Pemasaran Domba dari Tingkat Peternak Sampai Penjual Sate di Kabupaten Sleman". Sains Peternakan 7, nr 1 (27.10.2016): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/sainspet.7.1.25-29.

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<p><em>This aim of this research was to study marketing chain of sheeps from farmer, trader and satay seller and to study cost of marketing at each of instituted marketing and the revenue of farmer, trader and satay seller in Sleman regency, Yogyakarta. The research was conducted using a survey method. The respondents from sheep farmer, sheep trader and satay seller were 107, 37 and 64, respectively. Data were analyzed descriptively. The cost efficiency of marketing system was analyzed for marketing cost, margin, farmer’s share, market competition and profitability. The result showed that the most efficient of the distribution of the sheep marketing was from sheep, farmer, sheep trader and consumer. Margin analyzed showed that male sheep contributed larger margin than female sheep (19.78: 19.14%). The farmer share for sheep marketing revealed that female sheep contributed 80.85% while male sheep 80.21%. Coefficiency of market competition showed that sheep farmer had higher coefficiency competition than sheep trader both to female and male. Sheep farmer had higher net profit margin (NPM) level but had lower operating ratio level. Satay seller had lower NPM and higher operating ratio level.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em>Key words</em><em> : sheep, marketing, efficiency of marketing</em></p>
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Suwarta, F. X. "Analisis Pemasaran Domba dari Tingkat Peternak Sampai Penjual Sate di Kabupaten Sleman". Sains Peternakan 7, nr 1 (27.10.2016): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/sainspet.v7i1.1012.

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<p><em>This aim of this research was to study marketing chain of sheeps from farmer, trader and satay seller and to study cost of marketing at each of instituted marketing and the revenue of farmer, trader and satay seller in Sleman regency, Yogyakarta. The research was conducted using a survey method. The respondents from sheep farmer, sheep trader and satay seller were 107, 37 and 64, respectively. Data were analyzed descriptively. The cost efficiency of marketing system was analyzed for marketing cost, margin, farmer’s share, market competition and profitability. The result showed that the most efficient of the distribution of the sheep marketing was from sheep, farmer, sheep trader and consumer. Margin analyzed showed that male sheep contributed larger margin than female sheep (19.78: 19.14%). The farmer share for sheep marketing revealed that female sheep contributed 80.85% while male sheep 80.21%. Coefficiency of market competition showed that sheep farmer had higher coefficiency competition than sheep trader both to female and male. Sheep farmer had higher net profit margin (NPM) level but had lower operating ratio level. Satay seller had lower NPM and higher operating ratio level.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em>Key words</em><em> : sheep, marketing, efficiency of marketing</em></p>
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Price, Edward O., Reid Borgwardt, Agustin Orihuela i Martin R. Dally. "Sexual stimulation in male sheep and goats". Applied Animal Behaviour Science 59, nr 4 (wrzesień 1998): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1591(98)00112-9.

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Festa-Bianchet, Marco. "Survival of Male Bighorn Sheep in Southwestern Alberta". Journal of Wildlife Management 53, nr 1 (styczeń 1989): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3801344.

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Walsh, D., R. Sinclair, M. H. Andrew i D. Coleman. "The role of the male flower spike as a cue for selective grazing in bladder saltbush". Rangeland Journal 27, nr 2 (2005): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj05008.

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This paper reports the results of three cafeteria trials used to study palatability variation between the sex phenotypes of bladder saltbush (Atriplex vesicaria Heward ex Benth.). The results of the first trial show that Merino sheep preferentially grazed female samples compared to male ones, which supported earlier paddock-scale grazing trials and observations. In the second trial, the removal of male flower spikes led to increased consumption of male samples, suggesting that male flower spikes contain a grazing deterrent. The third trial showed that sheep were able to detect male material with or without spikes even when it was completely hidden within female plant material. In combination with observations made during the trials, these results suggest that there is a grazing deterrent present in male plants and that sheep use the male flower spike primarily as a visual cue when making grazing decisions.
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Blache, D., L. Chagas, M. Blackberry, P. Vercoe i G. Martin. "Metabolic factors affecting the reproductive axis in male sheep". Reproduction 120, nr 1 (1.09.2000): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/jrf.0.1200001.

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Sickinger, Marlene, Sabine Wenisch i Axel Wehrend. "Neuropeptides in the urinary tract of male sheep lambs". Research in Veterinary Science 133 (grudzień 2020): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.10.013.

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Weaver, A. D. "Haematological and Plasma Biochemical Parameters in Adult Male Sheep". Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe A 21, nr 1 (13.05.2010): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0442.1974.tb01089.x.

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Preston, B. T., I. R. Stevenson, J. M. Pemberton, D. W. Coltman i K. Wilson. "Male mate choice influences female promiscuity in Soay sheep". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 272, nr 1561 (21.02.2005): 365–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2004.2977.

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In most animal species, males are predicted to compete for reproductive opportunities, while females are expected to choose between potential mates. However, when males' rate of reproduction is constrained, or females vary widely in ‘quality’, male mate choice is also predicted to occur. Such conditions exist in the promiscuous mating system of feral Soay sheep on St Kilda, Scotland, where a highly synchronized mating season, intense sperm competition and limitations on sperm production constrain males' potential reproductive rate, and females vary substantially in their ability to produce successful offspring. We show that, consistent with predictions, competitive rams focus their mating activity and siring success towards heavier females with higher inclusive fitness. To our knowledge, this is the first time that male mate choice has been identified and shown to lead to assortative patterns of parentage in a natural mammalian system, and occurs despite fierce male–male competition for mates. An additional consequence of assortative mating in this population is that lighter females experience a series of unstable consorts with less adept rams, and hence are mated by a greater number of males during their oestrus. We have thus also identified a novel male–driven mechanism that generates variation in female promiscuity, which suggests that the high levels of female promiscuity in this system are not part of an daptive female tactic to intensify post–copulatory competition between males.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Male sheep"

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Stevenson, Ian Roxburgh. "Male-biased mortality in Soay sheep". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321000.

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Zhang, Song. "Peripheral and central pathways linking metabolic status and reproduction in male sheep". University of Western Australia. School of Animal Biology, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0037.

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[Truncated abstract] Reproductive activity is affected by external factors such as photoperiod, social cues, stress and nutrition, all of which can alter the pulsatile activity of the GnRH neurons, which is the major neuroendocrine system used by the brain to control gonadal function. In the male Merino sheep, nutrition is one of the most powerful factors that affect pulsatile LH secretion, used commonly to bioassay GnRH neuronal activity. More accurately, the reproductive system responds to “metabolic status”, rather than “nutrition”, and the three factors that contribute to metabolic status are food intake, the amount of body reserves and the rate of energy expenditure ... In this thesis, I tested the general hypothesis that the metabolic hormones and hypothalamic neuropeptides that are known to control food intake also mediate the effect of metabolic status on the activity of the GnRH neurons ... In conclusion, the results from my experiments provide some insight into the mechanisms by which metabolic status affects reproductive activity in male sheep. Plasma insulin, which changes with alterations in metabolic status, appears to play a critical role in the regulation of GnRH neuronal activity. The level of leptin seems to have a permissive role only in lean animals. Orexins acting via OX2 receptors could be involved in the activation of reproductive function following an acute increase in nutrition. However, the neuropeptidergic systems can not be ruled out because they might be involved in very early steps of responses to nutrition.
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Ferasyi, Teuku Reza. "Mathematical model of the reproductive endocrine system in male sheep". University of Western Australia. School of Animal Biology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0080.

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[Truncated abstract] The activity of the reproductive endocrine axis is the result of interactions among many organs and tissues, particularly the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and gonad. However, it depends on more than the communication between anatomical structures because it is also affected by genotype, internal factors (e.g., metabolic inputs) and external factors (e.g., photoperiod, socio-sexual cues, stress, nutrition). This multifactorial complexity makes it difficult to use animal experimentation to investigate the pathways and mechanisms involved. Therefore, in this study, I have turned to mathematical modelling. The general hypothesis was that, by modelling the hormonal feedback loop that links the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and gonad, I would be able to discover the critical control points in this homeostatic system. This would allow me to inform and direct research into the processes that control reproduction, including inputs from environmental factors. My studies began with the development of a model of the negative feedback loop through which testosterone controls the secretion of pulses of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus. The model incorporated two critical factors: testosterone concentration and a time delay in the inhibition of the activity of the GnRH 'pulse generator' by testosterone. The general assumptions were: i) there are two positive feedforward processes (GnRH pulses stimulate LH pulses, and, in turn, LH pulses stimulate testosterone secretion); ii) testosterone exerts negative feedback that reduces the frequency of GnRH pulses. The model incorporated a group of equations that represent the GnRH pulse generator, through which the inhibitory effect of testosterone acted to reduce GnRH pulse frequency. Simulations were run with various values for the time delay in feedback and, as model development progressed, the simulations were extended to include combinations of time delays and levels of sensitivity of the GnRH pulse generator to inhibition by testosterone. The output of the simulations showed clearly that a time delay in negative feedback, as well as the concentration of testosterone, can greatly affect the frequency of GnRH pulses and the shape of the GnRH secretory profile. Importantly, the effect of the time delay depends on the sensitivity of the pulse generator to testosterone. In addition, the simulations suggested two additional components that might be involved in the control of the GnRH pulse generator: i) a delay in the rate of adaptation to a change in steroid feedback; and ii) a minimum pulse interval (maximum frequency). These studies iii therefore suggest that the regulation of the activity of the GnRH pulse generator, and thus the frequency and profile of GnRH and LH pulses, requires interactions among these four components. These interactions should be tested in animal experimentation. In the next stage, I extended the model so I could test whether the feedback delay might involve the process of aromatization in which testosterone is converted to oestradiol at brain level. ... This information can be used to direct future experimental studies that will help us to understand the factors that underlie the dynamic behaviour of the hypothalamic and pituitary systems that control reproduction.
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Long, Amanda Marie. "Impacts of Flax on Female and Male Reproductive Traits When Supplemented Prior to Breeding in Sheep". Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29877.

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Two experiments determined the effects of flaxseed supplementation on reproductive parameters in sheep. In experiment one, 240 multiparous Rambouillet ewes were assigned to one of two treatments: basal ration alone or basal ration with a Flaxlic® Sheep Tub offered over 35 days. Serum was collected weekly for progesterone (P4). Flaxseed supplementation did not improve progesterone concentration or reproductive parameters (P ≥ 0.26). In experiment two, 120 Rambouillet ram lambs were assigned to one of two treatments: basal ration alone or basal ration with a Flaxlic® Sheep Tub offered over 112 days. Scrotal circumference measurements, serum for testosterone, and semen were collected on day 84 and 112. Day effects were found for select semen measurements, testosterone, weight, and scrotal circumference (P ≤ 0.05). There was no effect of treatment on testosterone concentration (P = 0.99) or any semen quality characteristics (P ≥ 0.33). Overall, tub supplementation did not alter reproductive ability.
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Huxsoll, Christopher Charles. "Effect of endotoxin administration on pituitary and adrenal function in castrated male sheep immunized against adrenocorticotropic hormone /". For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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da, Silva P. N. A. P. "The influence of maternal nutrition during pregnancy on the pre- and postnatal development of the reproductive axis in male and female sheep". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.592303.

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The purpose of this thesis is to determine: 1) the consequences of nutritionally-mediated placental growth restriction on foetal growth, pituitary gonadotrophin gene expression and gonadal development at Days 77, 104 and 128 of gestation; 2) the effect of prenatal growth restriction on the subsequent onset of puberty in female and male lambs. Embryo transfer (ET) was used to achieve singleton pregnancies in peripubertal adolescent sheep. Immediately after ET, ewes were offered either a high (H, 2-2.5 x maintenance) or moderate (M, 1.25 x maintenance) level of nutrient intake until slaughter at Days 77, 104 and 128 of gestation or until delivery at term (~Day 145). High maternal intakes resulted in restricted placental mass at all gestational stages (p<0.05 to p<0.00l) and were associated with a reduction in foetal size during late gestation (p<0.0l) and at term (p<0.001). In the male foetus, pituitary gene expression for LHß, FSHß, GnRH-receptor and oestrogen-receptor, and testicular development were not perturbed by maternal overnutrition until late gestation when growth of the male foetus per se was reduced and gonadotrophin-dependent mechanisms appeared to regulate testicular development. Female foetuses from H dams exhibited fewer primordial and primary follicles at Days 104 (p<0.05) and 128 of gestation. Pituitary LHß expression was affected by overnutrition of the dams only at Day 128 of gestation (p<0. 05). It is concluded that maternal overnutrition probably had an adverse effect on ovarian development via gonadotrophin-independent mechanisms during the first two thirds of pregnancy. Prenatal growth restriction retarded the endocrine and physical onset of puberty in male lambs. The pre-pubertal rise in peripheral testosterone concentrations was delayed (p<0.01), peak testosterone concentrations were reduced (p<0.05) and testicular volume was lower (p<0.0l) in male lambs born to H compared to M dams. In contrast, the capacity of nutritionally growth-restricted female lambs to respond to natural photoperiod and to begin cyclical ovarian activity, as determined by measurement of plasma progesterone concentrations, was similar to normal birthweight ewe lambs.
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Barcelos, Brenda. "Utilização do resíduo de cervejaria na produção de silagem como alternativa para alimentação de ruminantes". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-19032013-095542/.

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A fim de avaliar formas de associações do resíduo úmido de cervejaria com uso de aditivos no processo de ensilagem ; e desempenho e digestibilidade de cordeiros a partir a das associações, foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiram ente casualizado 5 tratamentos com 4 repetições: C: ensilagem de 100% resíduo de cervejaria; PC15: 15% de polpa cítrica; PC30: 30% de polpa cítrica; CS15: 15% de casca de soja; CS30: 30% de casca de soja, adicionados com base na matéria fresca do resíduo de cervejaria. Das silagens foram coletadas amostras para as análises bromatológicas, pH, poder tampão, nitrogênio amoniacal, DIVMS e determinação de ácidos orgânicos (ácidos lático, acético, propiônico, butírico) e perfil microbiológico. Os dados da silagem foram analisados por meio da Eficiência Biológica Relativa (EBR), através da técnica do \"slope ratio\". Para análise in vivo foi verificado o desempenho dos animais e digestibilidade. Os dados foram analisados através do programa computacional Statistical Analysis System (SAS, 2008), considerando efeitos fixos a inclusão de aditivos e os níveis. As médias dos tratamentos foram comparadas por contrastes ortogonais. Houve aumento do teor de MS, carboidratos e poder tampão para os níveis de inclusão; aumento da digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca; aumento na relação desejável/indesejável de ácido lático/ acético e butírico; aumento da população de bactérias ácido lática, e clostrídeos da silagem. Houve melhora no desempenho com a adição de casca de soja e polpa cítrica e na digestibilidade in vivo de MS, sendo os melhores resultados encontrados, em conjunto, para o tratamento da silagem com inclusão de 30% de polpa cítrica.
In order to evaluate the production of silage and the use of additives in the process of silage of brewery residue, they were distributed in a completely randomized design treatments 5 and 4 repetitions: C: silage 100% brewery residue; PC15: 15% of citrus pulp; PC30: 30% of citrus pulp; CS15: 15% of soybean hulls; CS30 mice: 30% of soybean hulls- added on the basis of the fresh of the residue of brewery. The silage samples were collected for the qualitative analysis, pH, buffer, ammoniacal nitrogen, IVDMD and determination of organic acids (Lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic, butyric) and microbiological profile. The Relative Biological Efficiency (RBE) was calculated by the slope ratio technique For in vivo analysis was verified the performance of the animals and digestibility.The data were analyzed by the Statistical Analysis System (SAS, 2008), whereas fixed effects the inclusion of additives and levels. The treatment average was compared by orthogonal contrasts There was an increase in the content of MS, carbohydrates and power buffer from the inclusion; increase in vivo digestibility of DM and increase of the population of lactic acid bacteria, clostridium; IVDMD, and the best results, together, for the treatment of silage with inclusion of 30% of citrus pulp.
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Souza, AlethÃia CarÃzia Baracho de Lima. "Estudos sobre as interaÃÃes das proteÃnas seminais com as cÃlulas espermÃticas e componentes dos diluidores usados na criopreservaÃÃo do sÃmen e sobre marcadores moleculares de parÃmetros do sÃmen em animais de produÃÃo". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=12911.

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FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃ
A tese à composta por dois capÃtulos. O primeiro capÃtulo inclui o trabalho cujo objetivo foi investigar o potencial uso de pares de transcritos correlativos baseados em microarranjos como marcadores de fertilidade masculina usando a displasia da bainha fibrosa (DFS) como modelo afetado. Atualmente à bastante reconhecido que a tecnologia de microarranjos pode ser limitada pelos custos e que a qualidade dos transcritos permanece relativamente desconhecida. Para responder essas questÃes, nÃs analizamos pares de transcritos estÃveis por qPCR com um processo sistemÃtico de desenho de primers sistemÃtico. Nesse estudo experimental, nÃs utilizamos amostras de homens com fertilidade comprovada e de homens com diagnÃtico de DFS. Nossa abordagem foi baseada nas sequÃncias de primers dos seis genes de interesse, os quais foram desenhados utilizando os programas Oligo7 e Primer3Plus. A especificidade do primer foi inicialmente analisada in silico atravÃs de pesquisas nos bancos de dados ENSEMBL, University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC), e National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) para uso de sequÃncias especÃficas aos genes alvos. A habilidade dos pares de transcritos em classificar as amostras de homens de fertilidade comprovada das amostras de DFS foi avaliada. Nossos resultados mostraram que em conjunÃÃo com a identificaÃÃo de quatro novos pares estÃveis, a comparaÃÃo dos coeficientes de correlaÃÃo dos valores de C(t) dos DSF revelou a interrupÃÃo de quatro pares estÃveis identificados nas amostras de homens normais. Esta seleÃÃo de pares estÃveis resolve a questÃo sobre a DSF. Em conclusÃo, os resultados mostram efetivamente que o desenho de primers e qPCR podem fornecer um ensaio molecular de baixo custo para avaliar a fertilidade masculina. O segundo capÃtulo divide-se em dois estudos e avalia em carneiros os efeitos de uma dieta suplementada com farelo de castanha de caju. No estudo 1, nosso objetivo foi detectar a presenÃa de transcritos para Heat Shock Protein (HSP70), clusterina (CLU), proteÃna semelhante à subunidade alfa do complexo T (TCP1) e proteÃna do complexo T subunidade 8 (CCT8) no espermatozÃide de ovinos, seguindo a mesma metodologia para qPCR utilizada no capitulo 1. As sequÃncias de primers foram desenhadas utilizando os programas Primer3Plus e Oligo Analyzer. Gene para protamina 2 (PRM2) foi usado como controle interno de reaÃÃo. O sÃmen foi coletado de machos pÃberes Morada Nova utlizando eletroejaculador. As amostras selecionadas para extraÃÃo de RNA espermÃtico seguiram as recomendaÃÃes do ColÃgio Brasileiro de ReproduÃÃo Animal quanto aos parÃmetros de motilidade, vigor e concentraÃÃo. Nossos resultados mostraram a presenÃa de mRNA para a HSP70 nos espermatozÃides de ovinos. Maiores estudos sÃo necessÃrios a fim de confirmar ou refutar a presenÃa das chaperonas TCP1 e CCT8 no espermatozÃide ovino. A presenÃa do transcrito da HSP70 no espermatozÃide de ovinos abre perspectivas para estudos futuros sobre os efeitos do mRNA HSP70 no desenvolvimento embrionÃrio, de modo a avaliar se essa expressÃo ocorre de modo espontÃneo, programado e seqÃencial, e se esses mecanismos se refletem na fertilidade e no desenvolvimento embrionÃrio. O segundo estudo tem como principal objetivo avaliar os efeitos de uma dieta contendo farelo de castanha de caju (FCC) na expressÃo de genes relacionados ao metabolismo dos lipÃdios no mÃsculo Longissimus dorsi de carneiros Morada Nova. Vinte carneiros maduros sexualmente foram divididos em dois grupos baseando-se no peso vivo. Os animais foram mantidos em baias individuais. Durante trÃs meses, o grupo castanha (GCA) foi alimentado com raÃÃo contendo FCC, enquanto o grupo controle (GCO) recebeu raÃÃo à base de milho e soja. As duas dietas eram isocalÃricas e isoprotÃicas, adicionadas de suplemento mineral. Os carneiros tambÃm receberam feno de Tifton e Ãgua à vontade. A quantidade de alimento ofertado (raÃÃo e feno) foi ajustada diariamente para sobra de 10%. Sete genes codificantes de proteÃnas envolvidas direta ou indiretamente foram selecionados como alvos, incluindo: GH, ACACA, CAST, CAPN3, LPL, SCD e FASN. Para normalizaÃÃo, foram selecionados cinco genes candidatos: ACTB, GAPDH, RPL4, RPS18 e TBP. Dentre os sete genes alvos selecionados anteriormente, os alvos GH, ACACA e CAST foram removidos. Os dois primeiros foram removidos devido amplificaÃÃo de alinhamento mÃltiplo (baixa especificidade do primers), enquanto CAST apresentou baixa eficiÃncia de amplificaÃÃo. Da lista de gene alvo final, a expressÃo de somente dois genes foi afetada pela dieta, SCD (p<0.01) e FASN (p<0.05), enquanto LPL (p=0,1022) e CAPN3 (p=0,0939) nÃo apresentaram diferenÃa significativa (p<0.05). Os genes SCD e FASN foram reprimidos no GCA comparada ao GCO. Este à o primeiro relato de que uma raÃÃo contendo FCC afetou a expressÃo gÃnica de proteÃnas envolvidas na deposiÃÃo de lipÃdios no mÃsculo em ovinos. Considerando que uma dieta contendo FCC altera a expressÃo de genes lipogÃnicos sem afetar o ganho de peso nem a eficiÃncia reprodutiva de ovinos, faz da castanha de caju uma importante alternativa para o sistema de produÃÃo de ovinos criados em regiÃes tropicais.
This thesis presents two chapters. In the first chapter, its objective was to investigate the potential use of correlative microarray-based transcript pairs as candidate markers for male fertility using dysplasia of the fibrous sheath (DFS) as an affected model. It is widely recognized that microarray technology may be limited by cost and that the quality of the transcript remains relatively unknown. To address these issues, we analyzed the stable transcript pairs by qPCR with a systematic primer design process. On this experimental study, we used men with proven fertility and men with a diagnosis of DFS. Our approach was based on primer sequences for six genes of interest were designed using Oligo7 and Primer3Plus. Primer specificity was initially assessed in silico by searching the ENSEMBL, University of California Santa Cruz, and National Center for Biotechnology Information databases for nontarget complementary sequences throughout the genome. The ability of transcript pairs to classify samples from males of proven fertility away from DFS was assessed. Our results showed that in conjunction with identifying four new stable transcript pairs, comparison of the DFS qPCR C(t) correlation coefficients revealed the disruption of four stable fertile sample transcript pairs. This suite of transcript pairs resolves DFS. In conclusion, the results show that with effectively designed primers, qPCR may provide an affordable molecular assay to assess male fertility status. Second chapter includes two studies regarding evaluations of ram feeded with supplemented diet with cashew nut. On the frist study, our goal was detect transcripts for Heat Shock Protein (HSP70), Clusterin (CLU), Ovis aries T-complex protein 1 alfa subunit-like protein (TCP1) e Ovis aries chaperonin containing TCP1, subunit 8 (theta) (CCT8) on ram sperm by. For primer designing we used published ESTs from NCBI and manually annotated by us using Primer3Plus and OligoAnalizer. PRM2 was used as internal qPCR control. Semen samples from mature Morada Nova ram were collected by eletroejaculator, washed in PBS and prepared for further RNA extraction. Selected samples followed quality recommendatios from ColÃgio Brasileiro de ReproduÃÃo Animal regarding motility, vigor and concentration. Our results showed presence of mRNA HSP70 on ram sperm and they can possible be envolved in early embryo development, oocyte activation and post fertilization events. Further analyses will be necessary to confirm presence of TCP1 and CCT8 on ram sperm. Our findings indicate new perpectives about the effects of these chaperones during embryo development mesuring if its expression reflects male fertility on the early embryo development. On the second study the the main goal is to evaluate the effects of a lipid-enriched diet containing cashew nut brain on the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Morada Nova rams. Twenty sexually mature and reproductively sound rams were divided in two groups based on ram live weight, and each ram was kept on individual pens. During three months, group 1 (G1) rams were fed with a lipid-rich diet, containing cashew nut bran (CNB), while group 2 (G2) was fed with a meal based on corn and soy. Both diets were isocaloric and isoproteic, and had a mineral mix added-in. The rams also were offered Tifton grass hay and had free access to water. The amount of diet offered (ration plus hay) was adjusted everyday to a maximum waste of 10%. Seven genes coding for proteins directly or indirectly involved in lipid metabolism were initially selected as targets, incluiding GH, ACACA, CAST, CAPN3, LPL, SCD, and FASN. Also, five genes were selected as reference genes, ACTB, GAPDH, RPL4, RPS18 and TBP. From the seven genes originally selected as targets, GH, ACACA and CAST were removed, leaving the final list with four targets. The first two genes were removed due to alternative pairing of the primers (low specificity), while CAST showed low amplification efficiency during PCR reaction. From the final target list, the expression of only two genes was affected by diet, SCD (p<0.01) and FASN (p<0.05), while LPL (p=0,1022) and CAPN3 (p=0,0939) were not different at the p<0.05 level. Both SCD and FASN genes were down-regulated in G1 (lipid-rich diet containing CNB) compared to G2. These genes are involved in lipogenic pathways, related to tissue lipid deposition; therefore, these results were expected. This is the first time that a fat-rich diet based on CNB was shown to affect gene expression of proteins involved in fat deposition in carcass muscles of rams. Longissimus dorsi is one of the finest meat cuts. Considering that human diets rich in poli-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) can decrease the risk of heart and other chronic diseases, a change in the fatty acid profile of this muscle could contribute to a healthier diet, aggregating value to the end-product of the lamb meat market. The effects of CNB-based diet on the gene expression of SCD and FASN support the notion that such diet, as previously shown for other sources of lipid in ruminants, can potentially change the fatty acid composition of L. dorsi, but this hypothesis needs to be experimentally verified by profiling fatty acids in animals fed CNB versus carbohydrate-based diets. CNB use as an ingredient in animal feeding is environmentally-friendly, since it contributes to by-product recycling from the agroindustrial plants in Northeast Brazil. Also, considering that CNB-based diet changes lipogenic gene expression without affecting weight gain or reproductive status of the rams, as shown in another work from our team, makes CNB a very important alternative food in ram production systems in tropical regions.
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Sullivan, Rachael R. "Expression of follicle stimulating hormone receptor variants during the sheep estrous cycle". Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1395.

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Caminal, Bobet Marta. "Tissue engineering for bone regeneration: in vitro development and in vivo testing in sheep". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285622.

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L'os és un teixit connectiu altament organitzat i especialitzat, la funció principal és la mecànica, proporcionant l'afecció als músculs i per tant permetent que el cos es mogui. Actualment, el tractament quirúrgic estàndard es basa en la immobilització i la introducció d'empelts ossis però presenta algunes complicacions, com ara les infeccions, les no unions i la morbiditat de la zona donant. Avui en dia, milions de pacients pateixen defectes ossis i en concret, als EEUU es diagnostiquen entre 10.000 i 20.000 nous casos d'osteonecrosi del cap de fèmur (ONFH) a l’any. La medicina regenerativa (RM) i l'enginyeria tissular (TE) són dos camps de la ciència que es centren en el desenvolupament de teràpies per reemplaçar i regenerar els teixits perduts o danyats per millorar la qualitat de vida del pacient. La combinació de biomaterials, cèl·lules i senyals és l’eina clau per al desenvolupament d'un producte RM i TE. Un dels camps més desenvolupats en RM és la medicina regenerativa ortopèdica, en concret per al teixit ossi. Hi ha diferents estratègies que combinen cèl·lules autòlogues amb matrius que han demostrat certa eficàcia en el tractament de lesions òssies. Després de la fase de descobriment de nous medicaments de teràpia avançada, i per tal d’aconseguir el registre del nou producte, hi ha la fase de desenvolupament, que inclou la realització d'estudis preclínics (fet per dur a terme la prova de concepte, la seguretat i toxicologia) i els estudis clínics. En primer lloc es van determinar i caracteritzar els components de la preparació d’enginyeria tissular (TEP) amb la finalitat d’obtenir un producte estandarditzat. Aquesta preparació consisteix en un component cel·lular que són les cèl·lules mesenquimals estromals (MSC), tant humanes com ovines unides en una matriu de partícules òssies desantigeneïtzades i liofilitzades. Es va realizar un model de defecte ossi de mida crítica (CSBD) en ovella amb la finalitat d'investigar l'efecte de la TEP en una situació extrema, i es va demostrar la seva seguretat i capacitat per sintetitzar nou os i remodelar l’os existent. Seguidament la TEP es va provar en un model animal rellevant de translació de la malaltia òssia basat en el mètode reportat per Vélez i col·laboradors per a la modelització de ONFH en ovelles demostrant la seva eficàcia i seguretat. També s’ha demostrat que les MSC estan involucrades en la síntesi d'os nou ja que es van trobar progenitors ossis marcats després del tractament de la ONFH, tot i així no es poden descartar els mecanismes paracrins. Per tant, el desenvolupament de la TEP podria contribuir en general a la RM per tal de satisfer les exigències d'una societat que envelleix.
Bone is a highly organized and specialized connective tissue, whose main function is the mechanics, providing attachment to muscles and therefore allowing the body to move. Currently the gold standard surgical treatment is based on the immobilization and introduction of bone grafts but it presents some complications, such as infections, non-unions, and donor site morbidity. Nowadays, millions of patients are suffering from bone defects and specifically, 10,000 to 20,000 new cases of osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH) are diagnosed only in the USA every year. Regenerative medicine (RM) and tissue engineering (TE) are two areas of science fields focused on the developing of therapies to replace and regenerate lost or damaged tissues to improve the quality of life the patient. The combination of biomaterials, cells and signals is the key tool for the development of a RM and TE product. One of the most developed fields in RM is the orthopedic regenerative medicine, in specifically for bone tissue. There are different strategies combining autologous cells with scaffolds that have shown some efficacy for treating bone injuries. After discovery phase of any new advanced therapy medicinal products, there is the development phase that includes the conduction of preclinical studies (made to perform the proof of concept, safety and toxicology) and clinical studies before the registration of the new product. First the components of the tissue engineered preparation (TEP) were determined and characterized in order to have a standardized material. It consists in MSC (mesenchymal stromal cells) both human and ovine sources are used as a cellular component seeded in a deantigenized and lyophilized bone particles as a scaffold. Then critical size bone defect (CSBD) was modeled in sheep in order to investigate the effect of the TEP in an extreme situation, demonstrating its safe ability to synthesize new bone and bone remodeling. Afterwards TEP was tested in a relevant translational animal model of bone disease based on the method reported by Velez and collaborators for modelling ONFH in sheep demonstrating its efficacy and safety. Also demonstrating that MSC were involved in the synthesis of new bone, because labeled bone progenitors are shown after ONFH treatment, although paracrine mechanisms can not be discarded. Therefore, the development of TEP could contribute to the overall RM to meet the requirements of an aging society.
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Książki na temat "Male sheep"

1

Offen, Hilda. The sheep made a leap. New York: Dutton Children's Books, 1994.

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Heyer, Georgette. Black Sheep. Naperville: Sourcebooks, Inc., 2008.

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Heyer, Georgette. Black sheep. Naperville, Ill: Sourcebooks, 2008.

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Heyer, Georgette. Black sheep. Halifax: Remploy, 1995.

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My friends make me happy! Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2018.

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Office, General Accounting. Job Training Partnership Act: Information on training, placements, and wages of male and female participants : fact sheet for the chairman, Subcommittee on Labor, Committee on Labor and Human Resources, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1989.

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Hopper, William. The Heathen's Guide to World Religions: Hilarious but accurate history of the murder, lust, greed, and sheer stupidity that have made the world's religions what they are today. USA: Eris Pub, 2011.

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Orwin, J. Owl: A novel. Longacre Press, 2003.

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Hinton, David G. Running a Small Flock of Sheep. CSIRO Publishing, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643093874.

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Running a Small Flock of Sheep uses a step-by-step approach and has been written for small-scale sheep farmers and inexperienced people considering a rural life-style change. It will prepare the reader for each procedure and event on a sheep farm. The book begins with an introduction to the basic principles and procedures of sheep farming and the economics and required farm infrastructure for different sheep enterprises. There are chapters on handling techniques, the obligations of owners, and laws and regulations covering the welfare of sheep. The remainder of the text deals with sheep husbandry including health and nutrition, condition scoring, breeding, lamb care and weaner management. There are separate chapters on wool production and prime lamb production. The final chapter covers the diagnosis, control and prevention of sheep diseases. This reliable and understandable guide provides all the information anyone needs to make the right choices in successfully managing a small flock of sheep, whether you're running a single pet or several hundred sheep for prime lamb, wool or dual purpose.
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Heyer, Georgette. Black Sheep. ARROW (RAND), 2004.

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Części książek na temat "Male sheep"

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Courot, M., G. Colas i C. D. Scaramuzzi. "The Role of the Male in Embryonic Mortality (Cattle and Sheep)". W Embryonic Mortality in Farm Animals, 195–206. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5038-2_16.

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Hawken, Penny A. R., i Graeme B. Martin. "Socio-Sexual Stimuli and Reproductive Function: Emerging Perspectives of the Male Effect in Sheep and Goats". W Chemical Signals in Vertebrates 12, 397–413. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5927-9_32.

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Pasternak-Mazur, Renata. "No Country for Sheer Entertainment". W Made in Poland, 17–36. [1.] | New York : Taylor and Francis, 2020. | Series: Routledge global popular music series: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351119221-3.

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Groche, Peter, i Michael Henkelmann. "Dimensional Deviation of Roll Formed Components Made of High Strength Steel". W Sheet Metal 2007, 285–92. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-437-5.285.

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Chatti, S., U. Dirksen, Marco Schikorra i Matthias Kleiner. "System for Design and Computation of Lightweight Structures Made of Bent Profiles". W Sheet Metal 2005, 279–86. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-972-5.279.

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Lacki, Piotr. "Optimisation of the Stamping Parameters of a Drawn-Part Made of Stainless Steel". W Sheet Metal 2007, 349–55. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-437-5.349.

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Hitchings, Rob. "Prelims - How to Make Cutting Shears for Sheet Metal". W How to Make Cutting-Shears for Sheet Metal, 1–5. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780442426.000.

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Hitchings, Rob. "1. How to Make Cutting Shears for Sheet Metal". W How to Make Cutting-Shears for Sheet Metal, 6–21. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780442426.001.

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Lai, Xin Min, Ming Wang Fu i Lin Fa Peng. "Meso- and Microscaled Sheet-Metal Parts Made by Meso- and Microstamping Processes". W Sheet Metal Meso- and Microforming and Their Industrial Applications, 209–46. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group,: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429454868-6.

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Hitchings, Rob. "Prelims - How to Make a Folding Machine for Sheet Metal Work". W How to Make a Folding Machine for Sheet Metal Work, i—4. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780442358.000.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Male sheep"

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Liu, K., Y. Niimi, S. Fukuda, T. Baljinnyam, D. S. Prough i P. Enkhbaatar. "Sepsis-Induced Multiorgan Dysfunction Rapidly Progresses in Male Sheep than in Female Sheep". W American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a1699.

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Mantuang, Dr Kuagan L. "Growth Performance of Intact Male Weanling Sheep Fed Paragrass Mixed with Leguminous Shrubs Supplemented with Booster Lick and Sensory Evaluation of Cooked Lamb Meat". W International Conference on Responsive Education and Socio-Economic Transformation. Sons and Daughters Publishing House Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21016/icreset.2018.a25wf001o.

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Johnson, Kyle, M. W. Trim, Mark F. Horstemeyer i R. Prabhu. "Examination of Geometric Effects on Stress Wave Propagation and Applications in Football Helmet Design". W ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14544.

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A recent study of college and high school football players demonstrated that 5.1% sustained at least one concussion in a single season. Considering the number of individuals that participate in football in the United States, this percentage equates to a staggering number [1]. The information and attention dealing with concussions and traumatic brain injury (TBI) has greatly increased recently, and represents a need for more advanced helmets that can eliminate concussions as well as other forms of TBI. In order to obtain this goal, lessons can be learned from high speed impacts in nature, particularly the shock-mitigating effects of the bighorn sheep’s (or ram’s) horn and woodpecker’s hyoid bone. For instance, during fights between male bighorn sheep, the rams clash together at speeds up to 5.5 m/s, causing forces up to 3400 N [2]. Even while undergoing these tremendous forces, the animals are rarely injured, which leads to the notion that the horn geometry plays a role in mitigating the shock wave. The woodpecker’s hyoid bone extends around the skull in a spiral shape. It aids the woodpecker in extending its tongue and helps bypass vibrations generated from drumming, which protects the brain from shock [3]. Does the reoccurrence of this curious (tapered spiral) shape throughout nature have some significance in regards to energy dissipation and shock absorption abilities inherent to its geometry? Answering this was the primary goal of this study.
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Wee, Jinyong, Tariq Rahman, William G. Mackenzie, Robert Akins, David Levine, Dean W. Richardson, George R. Dodge i Rahamim Seliktar. "Optimizing Limb Lengthening Using an Autodistractor and Force Measurement". W ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59448.

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The procedure of limb lengthening is a common method for correcting limb length inequality. The lengthening procedure, however, can result in serious complications such as premature consolidation of bone and soft-tissue contractures. To avoid adverse effects, it is important to determine the safe limits of the lengthening procedure in terms of forces applied, rate of distraction, overall length added and effects of the procedure on associated tissue. In this study, we investigate the relationship between distraction speed and callus formation in the fracture gap and how this affects the distraction resisting force (DRF) and muscle adaptation. A new distraction system was designed to continuously measure the DRF during tibial lengthening using a unilateral fixator. Measurements were made in 2 sheep for 51 days and 38 days respectively. The first sheep acquired 5cm (25% of its original length) of new bone with various rates of distraction. The second sheep acquired 3.8cm (15% of its original length) of new bone with 1mm/day fixed rate of distraction. During the lengthening procedure, the DRF steadily increased as the callus was being formed in the distraction gap. In sheep1 the lengthening rate was increased from 1mm/day to 1.25mm/day at the lengthening day 36 to manage what was interpreted to be signs of early premature consolidation. The DRF decreased to 310N from 400N at the lengthening day 43. Radiographs taken at day 43 showed separation in the callus. During the 1.25mm/day lengthening the sheep lost ankle joint movement completely. The major muscles, long digital extensor (LDE), cranial tibial (CT), gastrocnemius and deep digital flexor (DDF) were collected from the operated and non-operated hind limbs. The result showed that LDE and CT were damaged while gastrocnemius and DDF were intact. In sheep2, the distraction rate was maintained at 1mm/day and it showed a similar increase of DRF up to 550N at the end of distraction (lengthening day 38). There was no visible joint restriction observed. None of the four muscles collected showed signs of the profound tissue damage noted in sheep1. Comparison of the DRF profile with radiological interpretation confirmed that the degree of callus formation was appropriate at DRF of 300 ∼ 500N. Additionally the ability of the muscle to adapt to the given length could be affected by the time when the rate was changed. Additional studies are underway to determine the optimal regimen including appropriate rates and forces.
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Dufresne, A., G. Perrault, H. Yamato, S. Masse i R. Begin. "149. Clearance of Man-Made Vitreous Fibers from the Lungs of Sheep". W AIHce 1999. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2762982.

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Zhou, Liuru. "Study of cone NC sheet metal incremental forming". W 2011 Second International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2011.5988835.

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Di Giacomo, Francesco, Ronn Andriessen, Ilker Dogan, Wiljan Verhees, Valerio Zardetto, Claire Burgess, Meherdad Najafi i in. "Towards Stable Perovskite Solar Modules Made by Sheet to Sheet and Roll to Roll Fabrication". W 11th International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics. València: Fundació Scito, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.hopv.2019.068.

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Sato, M., R. Sai, Y. Miyazawa, A. Takahashi i M. Yamaguchi. "Electromagnetic Noise Suppression Composite Sheet Made of Hexagonal Ferrite Particles." W 2018 IEEE International Magnetic Conference (INTERMAG). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/intmag.2018.8508472.

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Yang Jia i Qiu Li-jun. "Hydraulic sheet metal bending machine hydraulic servo valve synchronization systems research". W 2011 Second International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2011.5986924.

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Bosetti, Paolo, i Stefania Bruschi. "Springback Evaluation of Parts Made by Single-Point Incremental Sheet Forming". W ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64817.

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One of the major drawbacks of single-point incremental forming process for sheet metal (SPIF) consists in the poor geometrical accuracy of formed parts. This limits the use of SPIF technology and has pushed the development of alternative incremental processes—such as the two-points incremental forming—aimed at improving the forming accuracy. However, these processes require the use of supporting dies and they therefore reduce the competitive advantage of SPIF process. The possibility to compensate for part springback, in order to have the part geometry as close as possible to the nominal one, represents one of the major challenges to make SPIF process suitable for real industrial applications. However, any possible approach in springback compensation must pass through the comprehension of the springback phenomenon. The objective of the paper is to analyze the springback of parts made by SPIF, by evaluating the influence that elastic recovery before and after the part unclamping has on the final part geometry. A SPIF experimental campaign was carried out on a truncated pyramid as case study, by varying both the part geometrical parameters (the wall angle and the height), and the process parameters (the tool step-down size and the feed rate). The material used in this study was the duplex steel DP600 provided in 0.8 mm thick sheets. After forming—but before unclamping—the part geometry was measured by means of of an electronic touch probe mounted on the machine tool-holder, in order to investigate the elastic recovery due to the successive tool laps. After unclamping, the part geometry was measured on a coordinate measuring machine. The influence of geometrical and process parameters was analyzed and the contribution of elastic recovery before and after the part unclamping was assessed.
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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Male sheep"

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Fahr, Sven, Daniel Tschopp, Jan Erik Nielsen, Korbinian Kramer i Philip Ohnewein. Review of In Situ Test Methods for Solar Collectors and Solar Collector Arrays. IEA SHC Task 55, grudzień 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task55-2020-0014.

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This fact sheet presents three in situ test methods for solar collectors and solar collector arrays, namely In situ Collector Certification (ICC), Performance Check for Collector Arrays (PC) and Dynamic Collector Array Test (D-CAT). A comparison is made regarding their scopes and use cases, methodologies and outcomes, which could serve as a decision-making aid for stakeholders in selecting the procedure that best suits their needs. The analysis shows that the methods do not contradict, but rather complement each other.
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Kramer, Robert. LED Street Lighting Implementation Research, Support, and Testing. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317274.

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This report describes the results of technical analysis, field tests, and laboratory tests that were performed for LED highway lighting options by the Energy Efficiency and Reliability Center (EERC) at Purdue University Northwest for the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT). This effort was conducted over the past 3 years to evaluate and test the technology and viability of using modern highway lighting technology to enhance energy efficiency, safety, security, and economic development of communities and roadways. During the testing period there was a continuous discussion between INDOT and EERC regarding the laboratory and field testing of INDOT approved luminaires submitted by vendors. There were multiple discussions with INDOT and vendors regarding the individual details and issues for the 29 luminaires that were tested. A comparison study was conducted by EERC of the various alternatives and comparison to currently installed luminaires. Data was collected for field tests of the luminaires by EERC and INDOT personnel for the luminaires. Field data was evaluated and compared to lighting models using vendor supplied ies data files. Multiple presentations were made at 3 separate Purdue Road Schools regarding the results and procedures of the testing program by EERC in conjunction with INDOT. A total of 22 final reports, considered confidential by INDOT, for individual vendor luminaires have been prepared as part of this effort. These reports were submitted sequentially to INDOT as testing was completed during the course of this effort. A total of 29 luminaires were tested. Some luminaire testing was terminated during testing due to design issues or vendor requests. All testing was summarized in the INDOT specification sheet attached to each report. Observations regarding the consistency of the supplied test luminaire with the requirements of Section 7.2 of the INDOT test procedure “Procedure for evaluation and approval list requirements for solid state ballasted luminaires ITM 957-17P” is provided in the Appendix to the report for each luminaire. Details regarding how these tests were performed and the respective associated evaluation of performance and reliability are provided in the report. This effort included: consideration of published and vendor information; appraisal of products consistent with national industry standards; review of physical design, thermal performance; laboratory testing of photopic performance, reliability, life cycle data and characteristics, and power characteristics; technical and probabilistic risk studies; and field testing and analysis of LED light sources including comparison to currently installed conventional light sources. Assistance in preparing INDOT standards for highway lighting was provided on multiple occasions.
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Permitting Best Practices Make Installing Solar Easier: Technical Assistance (Fact Sheet). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), styczeń 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1062474.

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NREL Carbon Metabolism Modeling Intends to Make Biofuels Engineering Routine and Reliable (Fact Sheet). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), luty 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1009290.

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Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men and injecting drug users and validation of audio computer-assisted self interview (ACASI) technique in Abuja, Lagos, and Ibadan, Nigeria: Report Fact Sheet. Population Council, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv14.1005.

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Most-at-risk populations (MARPS), including men who have sex with men (MSM) and injecting drug users (IDUs), represent only 1 percent of Nigeria’s population yet account for 38 percent of new HIV infections. Despite their elevated risk, MSM and IDUs are less likely than the general population to access HIV prevention and sexual health services because of stigmatization. There is a dearth of data on prevalence of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among MSM and IDUs because their behaviors make them difficult to be reached programmatically and engaged in research. While the need for HIV and STI prevalence data is clear, there is also a need to improve the quality and reliability of behavioral data collected for national surveillance, where these stigmatized subpopulations may underreport sensitive behaviors that put them most at risk. As noted in this fact sheet, computer-based interviewing systems are becoming an accepted alternative to face-to-face interviews, providing an efficient and replicable research tool for collecting sensitive behavioral data.
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