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Bourrelly, Stéphane. "Modélisation et identification de facteurs environnementaux géographiques liés à des risques morbides : Application aux séquelles développées après le traitement d'une leucémie : Cohorte LEA". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE2026.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is an interdisciplinary approach combining Geography, Epidemiology and Statistics. It is a methodological thesis applying to a public health issue. The concept consist in developing a dialectical adapted to the geographic health and proposing or transposing probabilistic methods, geostatistical and datamining instruments, to model and to identify geographic environmental factors related to morbid risks. In this research the environment is considered in its integrity. It is described by spatiotemporal indicators: physicochemical, health and socioeconomic. The geographical environment of the individual and medical characteristics of targeted populations is also taken into account. Heuristic proposals aim to identify environmental health determinants, or contributing risk factors. The methods have been implemented or adapted to the issue. They are applicable and reproducible in all diseases studied in Geographic Health. In order, to illustrate these proposals, they are applied to squeals observed following the treatment of childhood leukemia - Cohort LEA. In developed countries, access to effective treatments leads to an increase of squeals incidence. Those have an impact on the quality of life. Therefore, post-cancer and children's health have positioned themselves at the core of social concerns in Europe and in France. Beyond the scientific goals, contributions in public health are expected. The idea is to provide operational space indicators to politicians in order to help them to take collective health measures. And for health professionals to be able to offer individual medical solutions, devoted to reduce the risk of exposure to environmental factors of the populations due to their geographical location. In consequence, to improve access to a good environmental health
Bourrelly, Stéphane. "Modélisation et identification de facteurs environnementaux géographiques liés à des risques morbides : Application aux séquelles développées après le traitement d'une leucémie : Cohorte LEA". Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE2026/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is an interdisciplinary approach combining Geography, Epidemiology and Statistics. It is a methodological thesis applying to a public health issue. The concept consist in developing a dialectical adapted to the geographic health and proposing or transposing probabilistic methods, geostatistical and datamining instruments, to model and to identify geographic environmental factors related to morbid risks. In this research the environment is considered in its integrity. It is described by spatiotemporal indicators: physicochemical, health and socioeconomic. The geographical environment of the individual and medical characteristics of targeted populations is also taken into account. Heuristic proposals aim to identify environmental health determinants, or contributing risk factors. The methods have been implemented or adapted to the issue. They are applicable and reproducible in all diseases studied in Geographic Health. In order, to illustrate these proposals, they are applied to squeals observed following the treatment of childhood leukemia - Cohort LEA. In developed countries, access to effective treatments leads to an increase of squeals incidence. Those have an impact on the quality of life. Therefore, post-cancer and children's health have positioned themselves at the core of social concerns in Europe and in France. Beyond the scientific goals, contributions in public health are expected. The idea is to provide operational space indicators to politicians in order to help them to take collective health measures. And for health professionals to be able to offer individual medical solutions, devoted to reduce the risk of exposure to environmental factors of the populations due to their geographical location. In consequence, to improve access to a good environmental health
Méheust, Delphine. "Exposition aux moisissures en environnement intérieur : méthodes de mesure et impacts sur la santé". Rennes 1, 2012. https://ecm.univ-rennes1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/a99139b2-c79b-4484-9902-2b7929efba2a.
Pełny tekst źródłaMolds are common contaminants in indoor environments. Health effects associated with these microscopic fungi are multiple, including irritations, allergic reactions, infections and toxicity. Depending on the exposure level and the vulnerability of the populations, fungi may represent different public health risks. For example, damp and moldy dwellings are associated with chronic, respiratory diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis. However, the lack of valid tools for accurately measuring the environmental fungal exposure is one of the main challenges to better understanding the role of fungal products and particles in human health. In this thesis, diverse sampling techniques and analytical methods were evaluated for measuring the fungal contamination in the air, on surfaces and in settled dust. A quantitative PCR-based index was notably tested and compared with other approaches to assess fungal exposure in dwellings. By collecting and analyzing settled floor dust, this index successfully distinguished between contaminated and non-contaminated homes in Brittany, France. Quantitative PCR and this index are promising techniques for fungal exposure assessment in indoor environments. Further validation of these methods may lead to disease prevention approaches, particularly for vulnerable populations
Bouzid, Makram. "Contribution à la modélisation de l'interaction agent / environnement : modélisation stochastique et simulation parallèle". Nancy 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN10271.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis belongs at the same time to the multi-agent system (MAS) and parallelism domains, and more precisely to the parallel simulation of MAS. Two problems are tackled: First one concerns the modeling and simulation of situated agents, together with the unreliability of their sensors and effectors, in order to perform simulations which results will be more realistic. The second problem relates to the exploitation of the inherent parallelism of multi-agent systems, in order to obtain good parallel performances, by reducing the execution time and/or processing problems of bigger sizes. Two models are proposed: a formal model of multi-agent systems, including a stochastic model of the agent/environment interaction, and a parallel simulation model for multi-agent systems based on the distribution of the conflicts occurring between the agents, and on a dynamic load balancing mechanism between the processors. The satisfactory results we have obtained are presented
André, Virginie. "Problème de livraison - collecte dans un environnement hospitalier : méthodes d'optimisation, modèle de simulation et couplages". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00824815.
Pełny tekst źródłaTadlaoui, Moustapha. "Un environnement de simulation paramétrable pour la validation de systèmes répartis". Toulouse, ENSAE, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ESAE0016.
Pełny tekst źródłaAbbaci, Faïza. "Méthodes de sélection de collections dans un environnement de recherche d'informations distribuée". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00849898.
Pełny tekst źródłaYang, Faqing. "Un environnement de simulation pour la validation de spécifications B événementiel". Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00951922.
Pełny tekst źródłaPastor, Philippe. "Étude et application des méthodes d'apprentissage pour la navigation d'un robot en environnement inconnu". Toulouse, ENSAE, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ESAE0013.
Pełny tekst źródłaBenizri, Emile. "Mise au point d'un modèle de simulation et de prévision de la rouille brune du blé". Toulouse, INPT, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPT011A.
Pełny tekst źródłaBadeig, Fabien. "Un environnement actif pour la simulation multi-agents : application à la gestion de crise dans les transports". Paris 9, 2010. https://bu.dauphine.psl.eu/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2010PA090027.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this Ph. D thesis, we propose a model of multi-agent simulation, Eass (Environment as Active Support for Simulation). The originality of this model is to integrate the simulation process in the modeling of the system. When a simulation is designed, the system modeling merges with its implementation in a simulation platform because (1) the activation of agents is managed by a global scheduler and (2) the action phase of agents, which incorporates the action selection mechanism, depends in part on the simulation platform. Our proposal is to outsource the evaluation of the local context of each agent and the selection of agent behavior, managing this assessment in a central entity which is the environment. To achieve this objective, it was necessary to reify the link between the context of an agent and its behavior, thanks to the principle Property-based Coordination which allows the representation and management of information related to the system components. Thus, modeling the system necessitates not only to model the behavior of the agent but also to model the behavior of the simulation taking into account the scheduling process. We built a functional architecture based on our model Eass which details the specifications that a simulation platform has to implement in order to support our model. To illustrate this architecture, two simulation platforms were developed : the rest is based on a coupling of existing tools that are the agent platform MadKit and the expert system generator Jess, the second is a new simulation plateform developed to tackle the limits to the use of existing tools. The application of our simulation model is a problem of crisis management in transport. To model the problem, it was necessary to take into account the organizational and communication constraints arising from the need to involve different services with their own protocols to manage crisis. To address this problem, an extension of the organizational model Moise integrating the modeling of the communication dimension of the organization, is used. We have added the simulation modeling, including the definition of agent behaviors, to this organizational modeling
Inglese, François-Xavier. "Contribution à l'analyse de l'interaction dynamique en environnement virtuel : primitives et aides logicielles". Angers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ANGE0036.
Pełny tekst źródłaVirtual reality is a technology covering a large field of applications, among which are sports training and video games. In these domains, virtual reality techniques imply an interaction with moving virtual objects, or virtual objects to be set in movement. The contribution of the work presented in this report lies in the analysis of dynamic interaction in virtual environment, and more particularly during tasks implying the throw, the striking and the interception of moving objects. An original modelization is proposed. Besides, a structure of specific software cues, the objective of which is to facilitate the realization and the learning of dynamic tasks (that is implying moving objects or objects the human being has to set in movement), is presented. These software cues are then validated through experiments concerning the throw and the interception of ball, archery and tenpin bowling
Sakho, Moctar. "Méthodes de calcul des apports solaires par les ouvertures de bâtiments non conventionnels en environnement complexe". Grenoble 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE10082.
Pełny tekst źródłaPierre, Charles. "Modélisation et simulation de l'activité électrique du coeur dans le thorax, analyse numérique et méthodes de volumes finis". Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT2058.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe two purposes of that PhD thesis are firstly the modeling in the field of bio mathematics and secondly numerical analysis and scientific computing. The bidomain model describes the electrical activity of the heart. This activity is complex : at the cellular scale it is based on biochemical processes and at the macroscopic scale on the anisotropic structure of the cardiac tissues and the torso characteristics. A fundamental application for that model is the simulation of electrocardiograms. Finite volumes methods have been developed to solve the model. First of all the stability and the convergence of a classical finite volumes scheme is proved, theoretically and numerically, for a simplified version of the bidomain model. To handle with conceptual and practical difficulties of the complete model (tissues anisotropy, limit conditions, distorted and unstructured meshes), a second class of finite volumes schemes in 2D or 3D, called cell-vertex centered, has been elaborated and tested
Ben, Aoun Cédric. "Principes et réalisation d'un environnement de prototypage virtuel de systèmes hétérogènes composables". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066160.
Pełny tekst źródłaCurrent and future microelectronics systems are more and more complex. In a aim to bridge the gap between the cyber world and the physical world we observe the emergence of multi-disciplinary systems that interact more and more with their close surrounding environment. The conception of such systems requires the knowledge of multiple scientific disciplines which tends to define them as heterogeneous systems. Designers of the upcoming digital-centric systems are lacking a common design and simulation environment able to manage all the multi-disciplinary aspects of its components of various nature, which closely interact with each other. We explore the possibilities of developing and deploying a unified SystemC-based design environment for virtual prototyping of heterogeneous systems. To overcome the challenges related to their specification and dimensioning this environment must be able to simulate a heterogeneous system as a whole, for which each component is described and solved using the most appropriate MoC. We propose a simulator prototype called SystemC MDVP which is implemented as an extension of SystemC. It follows a correct-by-construction approach, relies on a hierarchical heterogeneity representation and interaction mechanisms with master-slave semantics in order to model heterogeneous systems. Generic algorithms allow for the elaboration, simulation and monitoring of such systems. A methodology to incorporate new MoCs within SystemC MDVP is defined and followed to add a SPH MoC that enables the description of fluidic network. We modeled a passive RFID reading system using several MoCs. We compare the results with measures acquired on a real physical prototype
Mikchevitch, Alexei. "Méthodologie de simulation d'assemblage/ désassemblage de composants flexibles : Application à la simulation de pièces de type « poutres flexibles » dans un environnement de réalité virtuelle". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011292.
Pełny tekst źródłaTounsi, Jihène. "Modélisation pour la simulation de la chaîne logistique globale dans un environnement de production PME mécatroniques". Phd thesis, Chambéry, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00563977.
Pełny tekst źródłaCamus, Benjamin. "Environnement multi-agent pour la multi-modélisation et simulation des systèmes complexes". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0177/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is focused on the study of complex systems through a modeling and simulation (M&S) process. Most questions about such systems requiere to take simultaneously account of several points of view. Phenomena evolving at different (temporal and spatial) scales and at different levels of resolution (from micro to macro) have to be considered. Moreover, several expert skills belonging to different scientific fields are needed. The challenges are then to reconcile these heterogeneous points of view, and to integrate each domain tools (formalisms and simulation software) within the rigorous framework of the M&S process. In order to solve these issues, we mobilise notions from multi-level modeling, hybrid modeling, parallel simulation and software engineering. Regarding these fields, we study the complementarity of the AA4MM approach and the DEVS formalism into the scope of the model-driven engineering (MDE) approach. Our contribution is twofold. We propose the operational specifications of the MECSYCO co-simulation middleware enabling the parallel simulation of complex systems models in a rigorous and decentralized way. We also define an MDE approach enabling the non-ambiguous description of complex systems models and their automatic implementation in MECSYCO. We show the properties of our approach with several proofs of concept
Burtin, Gabriel Louis. "Stratégie de navigation sûre dans un environnement industriel partiellement connu en présence d’activité humaine". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV029.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this work, we propose a safe system for robot navigation in an indoor and structured environment. The main idea is the use of two combined sensors (lidar and monocular camera) to ensure fast computation and robustness. The choice of these sensors is based on the physic principles behind their measures. They are less likely to go blind with the same disturbance. The localization algorithm is fast and efficient while keeping in mind the possibility of a downgraded mode in case of the failure of one sensor. To reach this objective, we optimized the data processing at different levels. We applied a polygonal approximation to the 2D lidar data and a vertical contour detection to the colour image. The fusion of these data in an extended Kalman filter provides a reliable localization system. In case of a lidar failure, the Kalman filter still works, in case of a camera failure the robot can rely upon a lidar scan matching. Data provided by these sensors can also deserve other purposes. The lidar provides us the localization of doors, potential location for encounter with humans. The camera can help to detect and track humans. This work has been done and validated using an advanced robotic simulator (4DV-Sim), then confirmed with real experiments. This methodology allowed us to both develop our ideas and confirm the usefulness of this robotic tool
Guigal, Pierre-Michel. "Modélisation de la propagation infectieuse dans un réseau organise d'individus : apport de la prétopologie et de la géometrie fractale". Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0064.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis report deals with forecast and diagnosis modelling of a disease wich spread is intimately linked to the population organisation. According to some hypothesis, we bring to the fore that the characteristics of susceptibility (defined as local relations) give raise to a kind of global organisation in the population. This characteristic forms a main factor in forecasting. Scrapie in sheep give us a concrete support for this approach. The pretopological theory allows us to design a simplified model of the population organisation and suggests that a scale law may structure a network of local relations. This property leads to look for a self similar process in the clusters consitution. We implement pattern recognition methods based on syntax to design a model of cluster constitution on a network of local relations. This on reveals the self similarity property wich allows us to formulate the aim of analysis in the frame of fractal geometry. An adaptation of the Zifp-Mandelbrot law to hierarchic organisation of the local relations enable us to propose a parametric method of anlaysis. We use these results in a new kind of compartmental model that give an analytic representation of the complex phenomena of spreak in a network. In order to validate this synthetic approach of complex spreak in a network, we propose a cellular automaton for simulation of local events as relation and spread. We obtain similar results by the two ways. This result suggests that the synthetic approach is operative
Gagné, Olivier. "Ordonnancement de ressources en temps réel avec contraintes dynamiques dans un environnement non déterministe". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24971/24971.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaMilitary problems are very complex and they can be solved by different artificial intelligence techniques. In this thesis, we address the problem of weapon-targets assignment for a frigate. To defend efficiently the ship, we have to analyze each threat and determine which resource assigns against it. For that purpose, we utilize the engageability assessment to consider different characteristics; useful in the resources assignment. To this end, a mathematical model named Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP) is employed. This framework allows formalizing the problem to ensure the constraint consistency and to sort threats in importance order. We tried this algorithm on different types of weapon-target assignment problems. Finally, we demonstrate the advantage of engageability assessment on the weapon-target assignment problem in real time and stochastic environment.
Ben, Aoun Cédric. "Principes et réalisation d'un environnement de prototypage virtuel de systèmes hétérogènes composables". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066160/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaCurrent and future microelectronics systems are more and more complex. In a aim to bridge the gap between the cyber world and the physical world we observe the emergence of multi-disciplinary systems that interact more and more with their close surrounding environment. The conception of such systems requires the knowledge of multiple scientific disciplines which tends to define them as heterogeneous systems. Designers of the upcoming digital-centric systems are lacking a common design and simulation environment able to manage all the multi-disciplinary aspects of its components of various nature, which closely interact with each other. We explore the possibilities of developing and deploying a unified SystemC-based design environment for virtual prototyping of heterogeneous systems. To overcome the challenges related to their specification and dimensioning this environment must be able to simulate a heterogeneous system as a whole, for which each component is described and solved using the most appropriate MoC. We propose a simulator prototype called SystemC MDVP which is implemented as an extension of SystemC. It follows a correct-by-construction approach, relies on a hierarchical heterogeneity representation and interaction mechanisms with master-slave semantics in order to model heterogeneous systems. Generic algorithms allow for the elaboration, simulation and monitoring of such systems. A methodology to incorporate new MoCs within SystemC MDVP is defined and followed to add a SPH MoC that enables the description of fluidic network. We modeled a passive RFID reading system using several MoCs. We compare the results with measures acquired on a real physical prototype
Guillo, Olivier. "Méthode de régulation d'une variable écologique par contrôle optimal stochastique, en temps réel, d'activités socio-économiques dans le cadre des jeux dynamiques : application à la qualité de l'eau de la lagune de Thau et à son bassin versant". Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2001AIX24008.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaOladeji, Sunday. "Commerce Nord-Sud et environnement : une approche technologique". Aix-Marseille 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX24007.
Pełny tekst źródłaLoquet, Jean-Gabriel. "Étude numérique et expérimentale des dommages permanents induits par une particule lourde dans les composants électroniques". École nationale supérieure de l'aéronautique et de l'espace (Toulouse ; 1972-2007), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ESAE0015.
Pełny tekst źródłaChanterault, Christophe. "Étude numérique et expérimentale des mécanismes de dégradation dans les structures de silice épaisses à faible débit de dose". Toulouse, ENSAE, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ESAE0018.
Pełny tekst źródłaCossard, Nicolas. "Un environnement logiciel de modélisation et d'optimisation pour la planification de la production dans la chaîne logistique". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CLF21548.
Pełny tekst źródłaDarty, Kevin. "Évaluation de la qualité des comportements des agents en simulation : application à un simulateur de conduite en environnement virtuel". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066339.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is in the context of the Multi-Agents Simulation and is interested in evaluating the ability of agents to reproduce human behaviors. This problem appears in many domains such as Virtual Reality and Embodied Conversational Agents. The dominant approach to evaluate these behaviors uses Social Sciences questionnaires. There are only few approaches based on Artificial Intelligence and automatic data analysis at the microscopic scale. We show in this thesis that the evaluation of behavior can benefit from both approaches when used jointly. First, we present a method for evaluating the agents' behavior quality. It combines the Artificial Intelligence approach and the Social Science approach. The first one is based on simulation logs clustering. The second one evaluates the users by an annotation of the behaviors. We then present an algorithm that compare agents to humans in order to assess the capacities, the lacks, and the errors in the agent model, and provide metrics. We then make these behaviors explicite based on user categories. Finally, we present a cycle for automatic calibration of the agents and an exploration of the parameter space. Our evaluation method is usable for the analysis of an agent model, and for comparing several agent models. We applied this methodology on several driver behavior studies to analyse the road traffic simulation ARCHISIM, and we present the obtained results
Reminiac-Houssais, Marie-Stéphanie. "Évaluation des compétences non-techniques des infirmières de bloc opératoire dans un environnement d’apprentissage virtuel et collaboratif". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN20002.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis research is part of a multidisciplinary project to develop a virtual reality (VR) training environment in non-technical skills (NTS) for scrub nurses. The objective of this thesis was to provide the partners with the choice of NTS, to define training scenarios and to provide a first proof of concept on a targeted population. According to the literature and interviews with expert scrub nurses, the NTS selected for the scenarios are situation awareness (SA) and speaking up. Study 1, carried out with 13 scrub nurses and 16 non-experts, aims to assess the acceptability of the environment with the "instrumentation table" scenario (under VR helmet). Study 2, involving 18 scrub nursing students and 8 scrub nurses during an in-service course, aims to develop situation awareness, using the "virtual operating room of errors" scenario (under VR helmet). This scenario enables SA to be assessed and seems a suitable training tool for this NTS. Finally, Study 3, involving 33 scrub nursing students, aims to develop speaking up with a tablet scenario. Our results partially confirm the effect of status on the probability of speaking up and show an effect of status on the discomfort of speaking up. Each study involved numerous exchanges with the project's VR engineers and scrub nursing teachers in order to allow the construction of the environment and its future integration into the scrub nursing school pedagogy. Finally, for each study, specific assessment tools were used and simulation sessions were developed according to recommendations with briefing, simulation, debriefing (HAS, 2012)
Pannequin, Rémi. "Proposition d'un environnement de modélisation et de test d'architectures de pilotage par le produit de systèmes de production". Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00166315.
Pełny tekst źródłal'interaction entre des systèmes d'information centralisés de niveau business (ERP) et des systèmes distribués de niveaux process (MES).
Notre contribution porte sur un outil de modélisation et de simulation de systèmes de pilotage contrôlés par le produit afin d'évaluer différentes topologies d'organisation combinant décisions centralisées et/ou distribuées en comparant certains critères de productivité.
Nous présentons d'abord la définition, le développement et la validation d'un environnement d'évaluation orienté composants, basé sur un outil d'émulation et un système multi-agents, permettant d'analyser les performances d'un système de pilotage par le produit et de le comparer avec des approches classiques.
Nous présentons ensuite l'application du pilotage par le produit à partir d'une série d'expériences réalisées à l'aide de l'environnement développé. Ces expériences, menées sur un cas industriel ainsi que sur une plateforme d'expérimentation de laboratoire permettent d'éprouver et de valider la faisabilité du concept de pilotage par le produit en terme d'impact décisionnel et en terme de contraintes techniques.
Darty, Kevin. "Évaluation de la qualité des comportements des agents en simulation : application à un simulateur de conduite en environnement virtuel". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066339/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is in the context of the Multi-Agents Simulation and is interested in evaluating the ability of agents to reproduce human behaviors. This problem appears in many domains such as Virtual Reality and Embodied Conversational Agents. The dominant approach to evaluate these behaviors uses Social Sciences questionnaires. There are only few approaches based on Artificial Intelligence and automatic data analysis at the microscopic scale. We show in this thesis that the evaluation of behavior can benefit from both approaches when used jointly. First, we present a method for evaluating the agents' behavior quality. It combines the Artificial Intelligence approach and the Social Science approach. The first one is based on simulation logs clustering. The second one evaluates the users by an annotation of the behaviors. We then present an algorithm that compare agents to humans in order to assess the capacities, the lacks, and the errors in the agent model, and provide metrics. We then make these behaviors explicite based on user categories. Finally, we present a cycle for automatic calibration of the agents and an exploration of the parameter space. Our evaluation method is usable for the analysis of an agent model, and for comparing several agent models. We applied this methodology on several driver behavior studies to analyse the road traffic simulation ARCHISIM, and we present the obtained results
Jelassi, Mariem. "Modélisation, simulation et analyse multi-échelle de réseaux sociaux complexes : Application à l'aide à la prévention des maladies contagieuses". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAS033/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis deals with the establishment of a theoretical framework (conceptualization and formalization) capable of describing the obesity spread within a network of individuals, in order to achieve the right prevention policies and limit the epidemic spread. To do this, I started by initiating an in-depth analysis of the different obesity determinants. Once this stage completed, I developed a network model in which the relations between the individuals, (represented by the nodes of the network) are governed by rules allowing to evaluate the presence/absence of links according to their values of influence, age of the concerned nodes and their homophilic characteristics. This model, based on the age structure and demography, is constituted by two processes: the first one describes obesity at the individual level, by using epidemiological compartments. The second one describes the inter-individual level by using an individual-based network. Later, when the model reached its asymptotic behavior, I studied the social structure obtained to locate the most important individuals to be targeted in the prevention policy. Eventually, to validate the model with data, I realized an investigation in a Tunisian college and compared the obtained results from this study with those obtained from a French college survey
Bresciani, Christophe. "Simulation numérique de l'hydratation et du développement des propriétés physiques et mécaniques d'une pâte de ciment afin de sélectionner de nouveaux ajouts minéraux". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005221.
Pełny tekst źródłaFricoteaux, Loïc. "Interaction informée par un système décisionnel pour un retour multimodal en environnement virtuel : application à la formation au transport fluvial". Compiègne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012COMP2051.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis deals with interaction between human and informed virtual environment (IVE). An IVE is a virtual environment including knowledge, which is, in our case, linked with virtual objects (Smart Objects). The purpose of this thesis is to enhance the coupling between human and IVE by allowing it to relevantly react to user’s behavior. To do so, we add to the IVE a decision-making module which is able to choose, in real time, a multimodal feedback (a set of aids) according to user’s activity which is observed by the system by using various sensors. We choose the belief function theory for decision-making in order to deal with the uncertainty and the incompleteness of collected data describing user’s behavior. In this way, our system brings an informed interaction: the reaction of the system to user’s actions is based on a priori knowledge combined with other knowledge acquired in real time. Thus, we bring a personalized interaction, adapted to each user, to increase its efficiency. The decision-making module includes an evidential network with conditional belief functions allowing graphically representing influences, a priori known, between different variables of the system. Input variables correspond to data collected in real time about the user: his/her actions and physiological state. These data can be uncertain (ex: data coming from sensors with some reliability) or incomplete (ex: failure of one of the sensors). The belief function theory allows us to represent these data with the uncertainty and the ignorance which are associated. These beliefs are then propagated in the evidential network to obtain, in output, a belief on the utility of the triggering for each available multimodal aid. The choice concerning the display of a set of multimodal aids, among those having an important utility, is done by solving a constraint satisfaction problem. Indeed, the set of multimodal aids to choose must respect a set of constraints which are a priori or dynamically set up. This allows ensuring the adequacy of the chosen solution with the system (ex : some aids can be incompatible with each other) and the adequacy with the user (ex : user’s sensory canals should not be overloaded with too many aids). Depending on the complexity of the problem, a good solution, without guarantee about its optimality, is computed by a genetic algorithm so as to be able to propose a feedback in a short due time. An information file for each user is created a priori and then updated by the system according to an estimation of the user’s preferences about the aids. These preferences are respected at best for the choice of the aids. This work has been applied to a fluvial navigation simulator in order to bring a training module allowing giving a personalized interaction to the learners with the simulator. The learner’s behavior is interpreted by the system (actions on ship controls, navigation errors determined from an estimation of the future position of the boat, stress level, etc. ) and with these data the decision-making system determines the most appropriate multimodal feedback according to the current situation. The aids proposed can be, for example, visual assistances, audio messages and simplifications of the navigation conditions in order to help the learner to anticipate the maneuvers to do. On the contrary, in the case of experienced learners, the decision-making system will rather choose to remove assistances and to increase the navigation complexity. This personalization of the feedback for each learner brings autonomy in the training allowing a trainer to follow several learners at the same time. Other applications of our work could be considered such as, for example, driving assistance in augmented reality. An experiment has been realized to evaluate the contribution of our system for learners of different levels. Our system has been compared to a system without aids (control system) and to a system with non-adaptive aids. The results show that, between the beginning and the end of the training, novice learners obtained a two-time greater score with our system in comparison with the control system. The system providing always the same aids (training without adaptation) did not allow the learners to improve themselves. The learners’ questionnaire answers and the trainers’ comments show a real interest of our approach
Phan, Thanh-Hien. "Simulation and Experimental Characterization of the Scintillation Detector for IGOSat". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCC048.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis dissertation describes the work that has been done for the development of the scintillation detector of the IGOSat nanosatellite. Based on the requirements of the project, a concept of the detector has been proposed which required the validation by both simulations and experiments.IGOSat is a university satellite project aimed at developing a nanosatellite containing a scintillator payload that can measure the radiative background in the aurora zones and the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) on Low-Earth Orbit. Beside that, the satellite has a GPS Dual-Frequency Payload for measuring the Total Electronics Content (TEC) in the ionosphere. These two payloads are hosted on a 3U CubeSat platform that will be launched on a polar orbit at an altitude of about 650 km.The scintillator payload included a detector which is composed of an inorganic scintillation crystal and five surrounding organic scintillators. The chosen inorganic scintillator is Cerium Bromide (CeBr3), which is sensitive to both gamma-ray photons and electrons. The five surrounding EJ-200 plastic scintillators, which are mainly sensitive to the electrons, are chosen to discriminate the two types of particles. In other words we can say a particle is a gamma-ray photon when it interacts only in the CeBr3 crystal, while it is an electron if at least one interaction happened in a plastic scintillator.Monte-Carlo simulations have been used to investigate the detection ability of this detector. A response matrix has been made for the gamma-ray simulation, which can be used to estimate the original energy spectrum of the Low-Earth Orbit gamma-ray photons.An experimental test bench has been set up for measuring the detected spectrum of radioactive sources. These measurements are not only used to validate the simulation results, but also to determine the energy resolution of the detector, and a calibration method for it.A comparison between the Monte-Carlo simulations and the experimental measurements is also provided in this dissertation.Based on the topics described above, the dissertation has 6 chapters as listed below:- Chapter 1 is the introduction to the project and a review of the studies on Low-Earth Orbit radiative background, as well as description on the CubeSat development activities.- Chapter 2 describes the IGOSat satellite configuration on the platform, which is developed to support the payload based on their requirements.- Chapter 3 describes the concept of the scintillation detector, its electronics readout system and the operational concept of the payload.- Chapter 4 explains the physical processes of a particle in the scintillation materials, the Monte-Carlo simulations and the response matrix of the IGOSat detector.- Chapter 5 provides the experimental measurement results, based on each test bench that has been set up. The comparisons between simulation and experiment are also described at the end of this chapter.Chapter 6 is the conclusion of the work
De, Conto Véronique. "Importance du microenvironnement dans les modèles cérébraux in vitro pour le criblage phénotypique". Thesis, Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUS046.
Pełny tekst źródłaAbout 90% of drug candidates fail in clinical trials, for efficacy- and toxicity-related reasons, which often involve the Central Nervous System (CNS). This high failure rate highlights a lack of relevance in experimental models used upstream, including human in vitro models. Indeed, they do not take into account the complexity of the CNS, in which neurons are organized in 3 dimensions (3D) and interact with their microenvironment, composed of cells, soluble factors and extracellular matrix (ECM). The objectives of this PhD were i) to study the influence of these three microenvironment components on neuronal cells in cerebral in vitro models by automatized cellular imaging, and ii) to develop more relevant cerebral in vitro models for phenotypic screening, to assess neurotoxic or therapeutic effects, in the frame of Parkinson’s Disease (PD).First, the BIOMIMESYS® Brain technology has been developed. This acid hyaluronic based-matrix allows the simulation of the ECM and a 3D culture of cerebral cells in 96-well plates. The sensitivity of Luhmes cells, a dopaminergic neuronal cell line, to PD inducers has been studied: the cells displayed a lower sensitivity in BIOMIMESYS® Brain compared to cells cultured in 2 dimensions (2D). This difference was explained by two phenomena: a partial retention of toxic molecules in the matrix, and a lower neuronal maturity compared to cells cultured in 2D.The importance of the cellular microenvironment has been studied through a co-culture of Luhmes cells and primary human astrocytes in 2D. This co-culture has then been transposed in BIOMIMESYS® matrix, to form a complex model including both the glial and the matricial microenvironments.In parallel, the influence of the molecular microenvironment has been studied on the SH-SY5Y cells, a cell line derived from a neuroblastoma, commonly used for neurotoxicity assessment. In this study, the 24 major differentiation media described in the literature to differentiate these cells into neurons have been screened. The 3 most differentiating conditions in terms of proliferation slowdown and neurite elongation have been selected: retinoic acid, staurosporine, and cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) combined to B21 supplement. The neuronal protein marker expression and the cell sensitivity to compounds of known-toxicity have been measured, in 2D and in 3D in BIOMIMESYS® Brain. Both maturity and sensitivity of these neurons varied according to the differentiation medium, and were higher in B21+cAMP. The 3D cell culture modified also the cell response, with a lower sensitivity of cells cultured in 2D.This PhD highlighted that the microenvironment of neurons, including the ECM, the glial cells and the soluble factors, can modify the neuronal response in vitro, and should thus be considered carefully in academic research and as early as possible in the drug discovery industrial process
El, Haddad Imad. "Fraction primaire et secondaire de l'aérosol organique : méthodologies et application à un environnement urbain méditerranéen, Marseille". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10029.
Pełny tekst źródłaTougher particulate matter regulations around the world and especially in Europe point out the need of source apportionment studies in order to better understand the different primary and secondary sources of organic aerosol, a major fraction of particulate matter that remains not well constrained. The work carried out in this thesis takes part of the FORMES project whose main objective is the source apportionment of the organic aerosol using different approaches, including mainly CMB modelling, AMS/PMF and radiocarbon (14C) measurements. The aerosol characterisation was performed within two intensive field campaigns conducted in two contrasted urban environments: Grenoble during winter and Marseille during summer. The present work focuses on the Marseille case study that presents a particularly complex environment, combining an intense photochemistry to a mixture of primary emissions including shipping and industrial emissions. Primary organic carbon (POC) apportioned using CMB modelling contributed on average for only 22% and was dominated by vehicular emissions accounting on average for 17% of OC. Even though, industrial emissions contribute for only 2.3% of the total OC, they are associated with ultrafine particles and high concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and heavy metals such as Pb, Ni and V, which most likely relate them with acute health outcomes. Whereas in Grenoble the organic aerosol was dominated by wood burning smoke (70% of OC), this source was negligible in Marseille contributing for less than 1% of OC. The main result from this source apportionment exercise is that 78% of OC mass cannot be attributed to the major primary sources and remains un-apportioned; this fraction is mostly associated with secondary organic aerosol. Radiocarbon measurements suggest that more than 70% of this fraction is of modern origins, assigned predominantly to biogenic secondary organic carbon (BSOC). Therefore, contributions from three traditional BSOC precursors, isoprene, α-pinene and β-caryophellene, were considered using a marker based approach. The aggregate contribution from BSOC derived from these precursors was estimated at only 4.2% of total OC. As a result, these estimates underpredict the high loading of OC. This underestimation can be associated with (i) uncertainties underlying the marker-based approach, (ii) presence of other SOC precursors and (iii) further processing of fresh SOC, as indicated by organosulfates (RSO4) and HUmic LIke Substances (HULIS) measurements. This HULIS can contribute up to 40% of the unattributed OC
Delemotte, Lucie. "Fonction et modulation des canaux potassiques voltage-dépendants : étude par simulations de dynamique moléculaire". Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10067/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaVoltage gated ion channels (VGCs) are ubiquitous transmembrane (TM) proteins involved in electrical signaling in excitable cells. Their gating (opening-closing), triggered by changes in the TM voltage, proceeds through a sensing mechanism involving conserved positively charged residues belonging to the voltage sensor domain (VSD). Details on the function of such channels have been revealed thanks to decades of experimental investigations but questions concerning the molecular level function of these proteins still remain under active debate. Starting from the "open state" crystal structure of the rat potassium VGC Kv1.2, we have carried out large-scale all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of the channel embedded in its lipidic environment submitted to a hyperpolarized potential. This allowed to follow the deactivation of the VSD and to uncover three intermediate states between the open and closed conformations. We report gating charge calculations or else state dependent molecular contacts that comply with experimental results and propose accordingly a model of the entire deactivation that conciliates the diverging views proposed so far. Using this model, we further characterize at the molecular level the modulation mechanisms of VGCs: specific mutations of basic residues of the VSD involved in genetic diseases are shown to induce state-dependent "omega" leak currents, in agreement with electrophysiology and a partial conclusion is proposed to explain the alteration of VGC voltage-dependency when the lipids embedding them are chemically modified. We conclude by extending this study to human VGCs (Kv7 family) of physiological relevance
Nguyen, Nhi Gia Vinh. "Conception de modèles multi-échelles pour l’aide à la décision environnementale : application au contrôle des invasions de cicadelles brunes dans le Delta du Mékong (Vietnam)". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066472.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn South-East Asia, the problem of controlling the invasions of rice pests is a major economical problem, which is tackled by multiple scientific disciplines and is dealt with by several decisional scales. This PhD thesis contribute to the researches undertaken since 40 years on the eradication (or at least the control) of the rice pest named Brown plant hopper (BPH) by proposing a design methodology of dynamically scaling models as a foundation for decision support systems dedicated to the assessment of regional and local control policies. It has been applied to and validated on different scenarios of BPH migrations in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta, where four different geographical and political levels have been coupled in the same framework (village, commune, province, and region), each of them represented with its own dynamics (social, biological, ecological ones) but also with its relationships with the other levels. The main contribution of this research is an agent-based multi-level modeling system that allows modelers to simulate and evaluate different control policies against invasions of the Brown plant hoppers at different scales of time and space. This system couples and organizes several sub-models with separate functions: growth and migration models of BPH that take ecological and environmental processes into account at different spatial and temporal scales, social models of the various stakeholders (from farmers to political deciders), models dedicated to the up- and downscaling processes occurring between the levels of representation
Decourselle, Thomas. "Etude et modélisation du comportement des gouttelettes de produits phytosanitaires sur les feuilles de vignes par imagerie ultra-rapide et analyse de texture". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOS033.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the domain of vineyard precision spraying research, one of the most importantobjectives is to minimize the volume of phytosanitary products ejected bya sprayer in order to be more environmentally respectful with more effectivevine leaf treatments. Unfortunaltely, even if lot of works have been carriedout at a parcel scale, mainly on losses caused by drift, less works have beencarried out at the leaf scale in order to understand which parameters influencethe spray quality. Since few years, recent improvements in image processing,sensitivity of imaging systems and cost reduction have increased the interestof high-speed imaging techniques. Analyzing the behavior of droplets afterimpact with the leaf thanks to high speed imaging technology is a relevantsolution. By this way, we propose a droplets behavior analyzing process invineyard spraying context based on high-speed acquision system combinedwith image processing techniques. This process allows us to extract dropletsparameters. Therefore, a statistical study is processed in order to determinethe effects of droplets parameters on leaf impact or to predict behavior of asingle droplet. Since this behavior is strongly related to leaf surface, we alsopropose to validate a natural leaf roughness characterization method basedon texture analysis
Abdul, Karim Ahmad. "Procedural locomotion of multi-legged characters in complex dynamic environments : real-time applications". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10181/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaMulti-legged characters like quadrupeds, arachnids, reptiles, etc. are an essential part of any simulation and they greatly participate in making virtual worlds more life-like. These multi-legged characters should be capable of moving freely and in a believable way in order to convey a better immersive experience for the users. But these locomotion animations are quite rich due to the complexity of the navigated environments and the variety of the animated morphologies, gaits, body sizes and proportions, etc. Another challenge when modeling such animations arises from the lack of motion data inherent to either the difficulty to obtain them or the impossibility to capture them.This thesis addresses these challenges by presenting a system capable of procedurally generating locomotion animations fordozens of multi-legged characters in real-time and without anymotion data. Our system is quite generic thanks to the chosen Procedural-Based techniques and it is capable of animating different multi-legged morphologies. On top of that, the simulated characters have more freedom while moving, as we adapt the generated animations to the dynamic complex environments in real-time. Themain focus is plausible movements that are, at the same time,believable and fully controllable. This controllability is one of the forces of our system as it gives the user the possibility to control all aspects of the generated animation thus producing the needed style of locomotion
Faucher, Benoit. "Epidémiologie des protozooses autochtones en PACA : de l'optimisation du diagnostic à l'éco-épidémiologie". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5091/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe epidemiology of Leishmania infantum and Toxoplasma gondii in the Mediterranean basin has been studied for more than a century. Yet, our understanding of these diseases must be updated because ongoing environmental modifications impact their distribution, because affected population change, and because new technical and statistical tools have become available. We first reviewed scientific literature about visceral leishmaniasis. Then, we conducted a clinical study about autochtonous mucosal leishmaniasis due to L. infantum: we showed that this disease was characterized by underrecognition, low local invasiveness, and risk of visceral spreading. Afterwards, an eco-epidemiological study showed that foci of leishmanisis involved different biotopes in South-Eastern France: we specifically highlighted a urban transmission in the Marseille focus. Finally, an entomological survey confirmed this urban transmission and addressed cocirculation with phleboviruses.Then, we studied congenital toxoplasmosis. We contributed to improve technical performances of current screening strategy: we first showed that an optimized extraction of Toxoplasma DNA from amniotic fluid using NucliSENS easyMAG proved superior to manual extraction using QIAamp DNA minikit. Then, we found that comparison of mother and child antibodies that target high-molecular-mass Toxoplasma gondii antigens by immunoblotting improves neonatal diagnosis. Finally, we reported the 16-year long evolution of 127 children congenitally infected with T. gondii and showed that despite early treatment 19% of children finally developed chorioretinitis
Yu, Yue. "Conception et Développement d’une Plateforme Multi-Agent en Réalité Virtuelle de Pilotage de Véhicules Intelligents". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECLI0013/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis PhD thesis is dedicated to the modeling and simulation of microscopic traffic behavior in virtual reality system, with the intent of providing a new approach to effectively ensure traffic safety. At first, Virtual Reality Intelligent Simulation System of Vehicles (VR-ISSV), based on multi-agent, is proposed to simulate the intelligent microscopic traffic, which is a hierarchical modular modeling and simulation system consisting of hardware, network and operating system layers, visualization management layer, multi-agent layer, human-machine interface layer. The multi-agent layer includes entity agents (intelligent vehicle agents and around vehicle agents), service agent and environment agent. Second, for the intelligent vehicle agent model, a decentralized design paradigm is used for developing the multi-controller based intelligent vehicle, whereby the car following behavior and the overtaking behavior could be realized by the coordination of the multi-controller. The environment agent is constructed based on the conception of Synthetic Natural Environment (SNE), taking into account the interaction between the vehicles and the natural environment. Geographic Information System (GIS) is used to establish environment agent. Finally, to ensure the safety in microscopic traffic maneuver, the intelligent vehicle controllers adapting to complex environment are considered. Fuzzy logic based controllers are designed for sending the appropriate outputs to the vehicle’s actuators – the steering wheel and the throttle/brake pedals. Microscopic traffic behavior models based on the intelligent vehicle agent involving environment are studied
Charif, Omar. "Modelling and simulating individual's mobility : case study of Luxembourg and its greater region". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Compiègne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013COMP2130.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the last century, transport and in particular the use of private cars has emerged as a major source of CO2 emissions (second behinf energy production). Several cities in the world have put in place strategies to deal with this problem and to reduce its adverse enviromental impacts. Some strategies could not achieve their objectives, and had negative reactions from individuals. The ail of this PhD thesis is to propose a methodology and a platform for modelling and simulating people mobility systems. The developed plat form is, then, used to implement land use and transportation scenarios and strategies in a virtual world to study their impact on human behavior in terms of mobility. To develop this platform, we propose a hybrid model, combining cellular automata and multi-agent systems, capable of handling the complexity of the mobility system able to present it at various spatial ans temporal scales
Nguyen, Phuoc Quy An. "Méthodologie d'évaluation des impacts des eaux usées sur les zones côtières : Application au site de Danang, Vietnam". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4036.
Pełny tekst źródłaWith the increasing industrial development and significant population growth worldwide, the coastal areas have received many pollutants from wastewater. Pollutants include wastewater from the drainage system, treatment plants, and industrial activities. Their influences seriously affect and damage water quality. In developing and developing countries, the impacts of wastewater on the coastal area are more serious due to many sources directly discharging on the coastal areas. At the same time, the local population and decision-makers are not aware of the consequences of the coastal environment. In this context, assessment actions must be developed and implemented with the relevant approaches that can deal with limited field data sets. The use of modelling tools can allow simulating the various wastewater sources and their effects on the coastal areas. The simulation results have significant educational value and can be used to raise awareness of the public and decision-makers. This research is focusing on developing an assessment methodology of wastewater sources on coastal water quality. The approach is applied to Danang City (Vietnam). Danang City is the third-largest city of Vietnam with a 74 km-long coastline and many major touristic development projects along the shoreline. Some sources of wastewater directly discharge into the Danang City coastal area. Following the development of a modelling tool based on hydrodynamic and water quality simulations. This research proposes seven scenarios to assess the effects of wastewater on the coastal area of Danang City. Scenario 1 simulates the effect of wastewater from the drainage system of North-West and South-East areas. Scenario 2 simulates the impact of the first flush phenomenon from South-East and North-West areas. Scenario 3 suggests three sub-scenarios of wastewater diffusion from the outlet of the WWTPs. Scenario 4 keeps the same direction of the observed wind but changes its speed to simulate the dispersion of pollutants on the coast. Scenario 5 simulates with direct discharge into the sea of 43 outlets along the coast, which may achieve directly to the sea when following conditions occur: heavy rain, power outage, wastewater overpassing the capacity of the treatment plant. Scenario 6 proposes three sub-scenarios of changing a flow-directed wall at the outlet of the Phu Loc Channel. Scenario 7 simulates when moving the outlet of Phu Loc channel far from the coastline. The proposed modelling approach is based on a combination of modelling tools dedicated to simulating pollutants associated with urban runoff, wastewater sources, and dispersion within the marine environment. One hydrodynamic model - Mike Urban model with MOUSE engine - calculates the flow discharge of wastewater at the outlets of the sewage network for North-West and South-East areas of Danang City. A water quality model - MOUSE TRAP, based on the MOUSE package - is used to calculate the concentration of pollutants during the first flush phenomenon. The water quality model is used to analyse the sensitivity of contaminants in the first flush phenomenon. In order to assess the impact within the coastal area, the various sources are injected within a 2D hydrodynamic model covering the full coastal region and the water quality evolution is simulated. In the approach, the Mike 21 FM 2D hydrodynamics model is coupled to a water quality model - Mike 21 FM ECOLab - to simulate the water quality and to identify the diffusion of NH4+ and PO43- on the coast of Danang. The domain is set up over an area of about 5,000 km2 (70 x 70 km). The results show the feasibility of the modelling approach for the assessment of the coastal area water quality by coupling the urban model and the coastal model. The method implemented in Danang is used to model the spatial distribution of pollutants within the coastal area and to assess impacts
Charif, Omar. "Modelling and simulating individual's mobility : case study of Luxembourg and its greater region". Thesis, Compiègne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013COMP2130.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the last century, transport and in particular the use of private cars has emerged as a major source of CO2 emissions (second behinf energy production). Several cities in the world have put in place strategies to deal with this problem and to reduce its adverse enviromental impacts. Some strategies could not achieve their objectives, and had negative reactions from individuals. The ail of this PhD thesis is to propose a methodology and a platform for modelling and simulating people mobility systems. The developed plat form is, then, used to implement land use and transportation scenarios and strategies in a virtual world to study their impact on human behavior in terms of mobility. To develop this platform, we propose a hybrid model, combining cellular automata and multi-agent systems, capable of handling the complexity of the mobility system able to present it at various spatial ans temporal scales
Carpentier, Kévin. "Scénarisation personnalisée dynamique dans les environnements virtuels pour la formation". Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2169/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work addresses the issues of the specification of the scenario in virtual environment for training. We especially address adult lifelong training in complex domains where technical systems are difficult to apprehend and human factors are critical. Workers have to be trained to react to a wide range of situations. Virtual environment can provide this kind of training by offering them the possibility to experiment different behavior in a situation. Yet to foster learning, such environment should provide a wide range of appealing scenarios adapted to learners’ need. The design and the production of all possible scenarios and of all their adaptations is a tedious task. It requires designers to imagine and describe every possible sequence of events which leads to interesting learning situation. Such a descriptive approach conflicts with the need for a smoother production process.To tackle the authoring bottleneck, we propose the TAILOR architecture to dynamically generate sequences of learning situations in a simulation. It takes into account a learner profile and expert knowledge informed in semantic models. We used a space of classes of situations coupled with a belief model to represent the Zone of Proximal Development of a learner. Each point of the space images the ability of the learner to handle a kind of situation. As we are essentially dealing with intra-diegetic orchestration, i.e. what is happening in the world depicted by the simulation, we propose to use expert model of the domain. We distinguished three kind of knowledge: world knowledge, activity knowledge and causality knowledge. They are used at runtime to procedurally generate a learning situation which will enlarge the Zone of Proximal Development of the learner.To this end, we design the WORLD-DL language to author scenario content for virtual environment for training in a reconfigurable, adaptable and generic way through an ontological representation. This language is used both to describe scenario objectives and to maintain a knowledge-based world state. Moreover, we operationalize structuralist view of narrative to build a story upon generated learning situation through an automated diegetization process. This process relies on abstract story model describe in the ontological metamodel DIEGETIC.This work have been implemented in the TAILOR engine used in the HUMANS platform. It was used both for aeronautic assembly virtual training and for baby sitter virtual training
Shandilya, Neeraj. "Study of the (nano) particles emission during mechanical solicitation and environmental weathering of the products". Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2170/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaEngineering nanomaterials (ENM) like metal oxide nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, nanofibers, etc. possess various innovative properties and their industrial use creates new opportunities. However, they also present new risks and uncertainties. There is an ever growing production and use of the products containing these ENM, like nanocomposites or nanocoatings, which result in an increasing number of workers and consumers exposed to ENM upon their emission (in the form of aerosols) from the products containing them. One of the most favored approaches, to minimize this emission, would be a preventive one which would focus on altering the product’s material properties during its design phase itself without compromising with any of its added benefits.This thesis advocates this approach. It attempts to understand the ENM emission phenomenon and its yielding mechanisms on the basis of combined experimental and theoretical approaches. The experimental set-up, developed during this thesis, is equipped with the necessary elements which can (i) seek to reproduce the real life activities on a laboratory scale (ii) identify the emission mechanism (iii) carry out both qualitative as well as quantitative*analysis of the emitted ENM simultaneously. Whilst the mean chosen for applying the mechanical solicitation or stress is an abrasion process, for the environmental weathering, it is an accelerated UV exposure process in the presence of humidity and heat. The results suggest that depending upon 18 material and process properties/parameters, the microscopic entities present on the surface of a product, called asperities, undergo mainly 4 types of removal mechanisms during abrasion. It is these mechanisms that decide the shape, size and the number of the aerosol particles emitted. Moreover, for the given test samples and experimental conditions studied during the thesis, application of the mechanical stresses alone was found to generate the emitted ENM aerosols in which ENM is always embedded inside the product matrix, thus, a representative product element. In such a case, the emitted aerosols comprise of both nanoparticles as well as microparticles. But if the mechanical stresses are coupled with the environmental weathering, then the eventual deterioration of the product, after a certain weathering duration, may lead to the emission of the free ENM aerosols too. All these experimental findings, pertaining to the effect of the mechanical stresses alone, have also been put into the perspective with classical material and mechanics state laws using a predictive analytical model. A close agreement** of the estimated results of this model with the experimentally measured ones has validated its functioning. This model was used to perform a sensitivity analysis on the aforementioned 18 parameters to rank the influence of a25% variation in each of their values on the particle emission for the given conditions.Thus, during the present thesis, both experimental and theoretical approaches have been developed to study the emission. Despite the fact that these approaches are perfectible, they can still be used during product design phase for the product to be “nanosafe by design”
Romo, Marquez Aaron. "Caractérisation biomécanique des anévrismes de l'aorte thoracique ascendante". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00994236.
Pełny tekst źródłaJimenez, Guarin Claudia Lucia. "Opérations d'accès par le contenu à une base de documents textuels : application à un environnement de bureau". Phd thesis, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00333333.
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