Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Magpies

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Magpies”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 29 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Magpies"

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Bolen, Ginger M., Stephen I. Rothstein i Charles H. Trost. "Egg Recognition in Yellow-Billed and Black-Billed Magpies in the Absence of Interspecific Parasitism: Implications for Parasite-Host Coevolution". Condor 102, nr 2 (1.05.2000): 432–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/102.2.432.

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AbstractYellow-billed Magpies (Pica nuttalli) ejected 100% of nonmimetic eggs placed in their nests despite such behavior having no detectable present day benefits. They are not currently parasitized, nor is there any evidence of a recently extinct brood parasite. Furthermore, there was no molecular evidence of conspecific parasitism, and Yellow-billed Magpies accepted eight of nine conspecific eggs transferred between nests, so recognition would rarely be of benefit if conspecific parasitism occurred. Thus, we suggest that egg recognition in Yellow-billed Magpies is a plesiomorphic trait, a primitive character inherited from a remote ancestor, its nearest relative, the Black-billed Magpie (Pica pica). The latter suffers from parasitism by Great Spotted Cuckoos (Clamator glandarius) in Eurasia and displays rejection behavior throughout Europe in populations that are allopatric and sympatric with this cuckoo. As would be expected if Yellow-billed Magpies inherited rejection behavior from the Black-billed Magpie, or the common ancestor of both species, we found that North American Black-billed Magpies also have well developed egg recognition despite being unaffected by interspecific parasitism. The long-term retention of host defenses as is indicated by magpies has major implications for the coevolutionary interactions between brood parasites and their hosts.
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Ruiz-Rodríguez, Magdalena, Manuel Martín-Vivaldi, Manuel Martínez-Bueno i Juan José Soler. "Gut Microbiota of Great Spotted Cuckoo Nestlings is a Mixture of Those of Their Foster Magpie Siblings and of Cuckoo Adults". Genes 9, nr 8 (27.07.2018): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes9080381.

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Diet and host genetic or evolutionary history are considered the two main factors determining gut microbiota of animals, although studies are scarce in natural populations. The system of great spotted cuckoos (Clamator glandarius) parasitizing magpies (Pica pica) is ideal to study both effects since magpie adults feed cuckoo and magpie nestlings with the same diet and, consequently, differences in gut microbiota of nestlings of these two species will mainly reflect the importance of genetic components. Moreover, the diet of adults and of nestling cuckoos drastically differ from each other and, thus, differences and similarities in their microbiotas would respectively reflect the effect of environmental and genetic factors. We used next-generation sequencing technologies to analyze the gut microbiota of cuckoo adults and nestlings and of magpie nestlings. The highest α-diversity estimates appeared in nestling cuckoos and the lowest in nestling magpies. Moreover, despite the greatest differences in the microbiome composition of magpies and cuckoos of both ages, cuckoo nestlings harbored a mixture of the Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) present in adult cuckoos and nestling magpies. We identified the bacterial taxa responsible for such results. These results suggest important phylogenetic components determining gut microbiome of nestlings, and that diet might be responsible for similarities between gut microbiome of cuckoo and magpie nestlings that allow cuckoos to digest food provided by magpie adults.
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Dorzhiev, Tsydypzhap Zayatuevich, Evgeniya Nikolaevna Badmaeva, Tsogtbaatar Dayanzhav, Uuganbaya Enkhsaikhan i Ariyana Tomur-oolovna Saaya. "Use of corvids’ nests by other bird species in Baikal Siberia and Mongolia". Samara Journal of Science 8, nr 3 (5.08.2019): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201983105.

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The paper presents the species composition of corvids in Baikal Siberia and Mongolia. More than 700 nests of 8 species of corvids in Transbaikalia, Baikal and Mongolia were examined. 133 cases of using nests of 5 species of corvids (Magpies, Eastern Carrion Crow, Rooks and Daurian Jackdaws) by other species of birds were noted. Nests of small corvids do not attract other birds. Nests of magpies are most commonly used; they are characterized by a specific structure. Of the 8 species that use corvid nests for nesting, Amur red-footed Falcon and long-eared owl are obligate tenants. Then goes Kestrel that prefers magpie nests. The number of these types in many places is determined by the abundance of magpies and crows. In recent years, due to the high number of magpies, the number of Amur falcons in the region is growing. They began following magpies to penetrate the outskirts of Ulan-Ude. Three species (Mallard, hobby, tree sparrows) are considered optional to be the tenants and three other species (Ruddy Shelduck, Long-eared Owl and House Sparrow) are considered to be random. Tree sparrows often nest in the magpie nests in natural habitats. Almost all types of tenants use old nests of the owners. Regional features in the use of corvid nests are revealed. Some species in different regions do not prefer the same nests of different types of corvids.
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Found, Rob. "Interactions between cleaner-birds and ungulates are personality dependent". Biology Letters 13, nr 11 (listopad 2017): 20170536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2017.0536.

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While a growing body of literature explores the ecological implications of consistent individual variation in the behaviour of wildlife, few studies have looked at the reciprocal influences of personality within interspecific interactions, despite the potentially significant impacts on biodiversity. Here I used two species involved in cleaner-bird behaviour—black-billed magpies ( Pica pica ) and Rocky mountain elk ( Cervus canadensis )—to show that the exhibition of mutualistic behaviour can depend on the personality of the individual involved. I recorded suites of correlated behaviours in both elk and magpies to derive personality gradients from ‘shy’ to ‘bold’, which I compared with observations of interspecific interactions. I measured each half of this mutualistic relationship separately. I found that bold elk were more likely to aggressively reject magpie landings, while shy elk allowed magpies to land and groom them. Contrastingly, I found it was bold magpies that were willing to risk landings, while shy magpies rarely attempted landings. These results show that the exhibition of interspecific behaviour is predicated on the personality of the individuals, and thus likely contributes to the selection and maintenance of personality variation within populations.
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Horn, Lisa, Clara Scheer, Thomas Bugnyar i Jorg J. M. Massen. "Proactive prosociality in a cooperatively breeding corvid, the azure-winged magpie ( Cyanopica cyana )". Biology Letters 12, nr 10 (październik 2016): 20160649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0649.

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One of the contemporary hypotheses concerning the evolution of human altruism is the cooperative breeding hypothesis (CBH) which has recently been tested in non-human primates. Using a similar paradigm, we investigated prosociality in a cooperatively breeding corvid, the azure-winged magpie. We found that the magpies delivered food to their group members at high rates, and unlike other corvids, they did so without any cues provided by others. In two control conditions, the magpies stopped participating over time, indicating that they learned to discriminate prosocial tests from controls. Azure-winged magpies are thus the first birds that experimentally show proactive prosociality. Our findings are in line with the CBH; however, additional corvid species need to be tested in this promising paradigm.
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Waas, Joseph, John Innes i Dai Morgan. "Can redirected aggression explain interspecific attacks by Australian magpies on other birds?" Behaviour 144, nr 7 (2007): 767–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853907781476391.

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AbstractAttacks by participants of conflicts against a third party are referred to as redirected aggression. Usually the third party is a conspecific — few documented cases of redirected aggression against other species exist. The Australian magpie (Gymnorhina tibicen), however, often attacks other species; the reasons for attacks are largely unknown. Some attacks occur after territorial disputes with conspecifics, suggesting that attacks are the result of redirected aggression. We subjected eight Australian magpie groups to simulated territorial intrusions. In one treatment an Australian magpie and rock dove (Columba livia) were presented in cages next to one another (5 m apart) on the territory for 30 min; the Australian magpie decoy was then covered and aggressive responses toward the rock dove by residents were recorded for a further 30 min (Treatment 1). Two additional treatments were presented in an identical manner on each territory where both decoys were either Australian magpies (Treatment 2) or rock doves (Treatment 3). We predicted that if Australian magpies regularly redirect aggression onto benign species after conspecific territorial intrusions, attack rates on the rock dove decoy in Treatment 1 would be higher than attack rates on the rock dove decoy in Treatment 3. Residents were seldom recorded close (<1 m) and not seen attacking rock dove decoys during tests. In contrast, Australian magpie decoys were often approached and attacked by residents. After a decoy was covered (following the first 30 min phase), residents spent little time in close proximity (on cage, <0.3 m, or 0.3-1 m) to the rock dove decoy in either Treatment 1 or Treatment 3; in contrast, residents were often recorded close to the Australian magpie decoy in Treatment 2. We found no evidence that Australian magpies redirect aggression onto other birds after territorial intrusions. The true proportion of territorial disputes leading to redirected attacks may be small, or only occur under highly specific contexts.
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Wang, Yanping, Shuihua Chen, Pingping Jiang i Ping Ding. "Black-billed Magpies (Pica pica) adjust nest characteristics to adapt to urbanization in Hangzhou, China". Canadian Journal of Zoology 86, nr 7 (lipiec 2008): 676–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z08-045.

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Although many bird species worldwide are colonizing urban environments, the ecological processes underlying the responses to urbanization remain unclear. Here we examined the responses of Black-billed Magpies ( Pica pica (L., 1758)) to urbanization across an urban–rural gradient by assessing nest locations, nest height, and available nest sites at six habitats (mountains, farmlands, riparians, urban parks, strips of street trees, building areas) in Hangzhou, China. In each habitat, we categorized used and available nest sites as urban (e.g., chimneys, antenna or cable poles, ledges, and open roofs on buildings) or natural (e.g., trees) nest sites. We found 147 magpie nests in five of the six habitats, and no nests in mountains. The use of urban nest sites by magpies differed significantly across habitats, and it increased significantly with the availability of urban nest sites along the urban gradients. Nest height of magpies differed significantly across habitats, and it increased significantly with urbanization intensity. The increase in nest height in urban environments can be attributed to the increases in human disturbance (the number of pedestrians). Our results indicate that magpies can adjust their nest characteristics in response to urbanization, and that nesting behavior shifts may aid them to adapt to urban systems.
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Jones, Darryl N., i Thomas Nealson. "Management of aggressive Australian magpies by translocation". Wildlife Research 30, nr 2 (2003): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr01102.

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Attacks on humans by Australian magpies (Gymnorhina tibicen) cause a significant human–wildlife conflict in suburban environments throughout Australia. Community opposition to lethal control methods generally has, in part, led to an increase in the use of translocation as an alternative. We assessed the effectiveness and implications of using this approach in the management of aggressive magpie in south-eastern Queensland during 1999 and 2000. A total of 968 (1999) and 707 (2000) magpies were reported by the public, of which 39–45% were able to be investigated by a two-person team working three days per week. A total of 141 magpies were translocated, 31.7% of all birds investigated. Of these, only five (3.5%) returned to the place of capture, and 22 (15.6%) were resighted elsewhere; there was no evidence of 'homing'. Only three translocated birds were subsequently reported as being aggressive towards humans. While extremely effective in reducing the conflict locally, we caution against the indiscriminate use of this method, and suggest that it be seen as one of many options available to wildlife managers.
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Soler, J. J., D. Martín-Gálvez, J. G. Martínez, M. Soler, D. Canestrari, J. M. Abad-Gómez i A. P. Møller. "Evolution of tolerance by magpies to brood parasitism by great spotted cuckoos". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, nr 1714 (grudzień 2010): 2047–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.2218.

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Hosts may use two different strategies to ameliorate negative effects of a given parasite burden: resistance or tolerance. Although both resistance and tolerance of parasitism should evolve as a consequence of selection pressures owing to parasitism, the study of evolutionary patterns of tolerance has traditionally been neglected by animal biologists. Here, we explore geographical covariation between tolerance of magpies ( Pica pica ) and brood parasitism by the great spotted cuckoo ( Clamator glandarius ) in nine different sympatric populations. We estimated tolerance as the slope of the regression of number of magpie fledglings (i.e. host fitness) on number of cuckoo eggs laid in non-depredated nests (which broadly equals parasite burden). We also estimated prevalence of parasitism and level of host resistance (i.e. rejection rates of mimetic model eggs) in these nine populations. In accordance with the hypothetical role of tolerance in the coevolutionary process between magpies and cuckoos we found geographical variation in tolerance estimates that positively covaried with prevalence of parasitism. Levels of resistance and tolerance were not associated, possibly suggesting the lack of a trade-off between the two kinds of defences against great spotted cuckoo parasitism for magpies. We discuss the results in the framework of a mosaic of coevolutionary interactions along the geographical distribution of magpies and great spotted cuckoos for which we found evidence that tolerance plays a major role.
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Ciebiera, Olaf, Paweł Czechowski, Federico Morelli, Robert Piekarski, Marcin Bocheński, Justyna Chachulska-Serweta i Leszek Jerzak. "Selection of Urbanized Areas by Magpie Pica pica in a Medium Size City in Poland". Animals 11, nr 6 (10.06.2021): 1738. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061738.

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The Magpie Pica pica occurs all over open agricultural areas in Poland, especially near human settlements (particularly in western Poland). The aim of this study was to estimate the size of the local Magpie population and characterize, in detail, nest site selection in a medium size city Górzów Wlkp. in the XXI century. For this study, the whole city was divided into a total of 114 squares of 1 × 1 km. Data were collected in spring 2014. A total of 474 Magpie pairs were recorded. The average density was 5.5 pairs/km2 (min = 0, max = 22 nests/square), in the non-urbanized habitat type—3.7 p/km2, and in the urbanized habitat type—13.5 p/km2. Magpie nests were found most often on Spruces Picea sp. and Poplars Populus sp. The mean height of the nest site was 11.5 m, while the mean height of trees used for nesting was 13.4 m. The type of tree arrangement most frequently used for nesting was tree rows (26.3%), followed by single trees (24.6%) and clusters of 4–10 trees (20.1%). The results for the Magpie’s environmental preferences do not differ from the general patterns described earlier. The study shows that magpies can adapt to changing urbanization factors, and changes in the choice of conifers help the species to adapt to highly anthropogenic habitats.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Magpies"

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Baker, Andrew. "Genetic evidence of an inverse relationship between dispersal and territorial group size among mainland populations of the Australian magpie". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1999.

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Dobson, Ana Elizabeth. "Investigating the Genetic Basis of Plumage Variation in the Australian Magpie, Cracticus tibicen". Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365743.

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Many species exhibit some form of colour variation between groups or individuals, and studies of such colour variation, its genetic basis and functional importance can contribute unique insights into the evolutionary, ecological, demographic and genetic processes affecting the diversity of life. Through the examination of the genetics underlying colour traits, the relative importance of different selective and demographic processes in the evolution and maintenance of a trait can be inferred, enabling scientists to gain a better understanding of what drives evolutionary change in different organisms and environments. Such studies also assist in bridging the gaps in our knowledge about the interactions between genetics and ecology that are involved in phenotypic variation. Understanding the pathways linking genetic and regulatory changes to phenotypic change and evolutionary change through time contributes to our knowledge about how species develop and evolve. The Australian magpie (Cracticus tibicen), is a group-living and territorial passerine bird with a characteristic pied appearance of strongly contrasting patches of black and white plumage. The species has several different plumage forms, delineated by the colour and/or pattern of back feathers; these plumage forms hybridise where their distributions overlap. Distributions of plumage forms are highly discordant with patterns of phylogeographic structure found in this species, making a scenario of allopatric divergence followed by secondary recontact at hybrid zones highly unlikely.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Vernelli, Toni. "The complexity of neophobia in a generalist foraging corvid : the common magpie (Pica pica)". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/11562.

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It is often suggested that species differences in neophobia are related to differences in feeding or habitat specialisation. Generalist species, which have more to gain from exploring novel resources, tend to be less neophobic than specialists. However, some successful generalists including ravens, brown rats and coyotes also demonstrate high levels of neophobia. I explored this paradox using common magpies, a widespread generalist opportunist that displays behaviour indicative of high neophobia. Using a combination of field and short-term captive studies, I investigated whether novelty reactions were a fixed trait or varied according to object features and context as well as for different categories of novelty (i.e. objects, food, location). I found that novelty reactions in magpies were not influenced by object features such as colour, shape or size but varied greatly depending on environmental context and novelty category. Birds did not show avoidance of novel objects presented in novel environments but were extremely wary of similar novel objects presented in familiar environments, suggesting that violation of expectations may be more important than absolute novelty. Magpies could overcome the neophobia through repeated exploration of the objects over longer periods of time, but it affected their foraging behaviour. To avoid interactions with novel objects, wild-living magpies successfully employed an innovative technique that involves observing and pilfering from caching squirrels. Less aversion was shown towards novel food than to novel objects, while familiar objects and food encountered in novel locations were generally accepted. In total, this thesis suggests that neophobia is a complex and dynamic phenomenon in generalist foragers which may set protective limitations on the level of exploration. It can be overcome through learning and the development of alternative behavioural tactics such as kleptoparasitism.
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Kaplan, Gisela. "Vocal behaviour of Australian magpies (Gymnorhina tibicen) : a study of vocal development, song learning, communication and mimicry in the Australia magpie /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18686.pdf.

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Eden, Simon F. "Social organisation and the dispersal on non-breeding magpies Pica pica". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293167.

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Leadbeater, Richard. "Magpies and mirrors : identity as a mediator of music preferences across the lifespan". Thesis, Lancaster University, 2014. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/72056/.

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This thesis examines the role of identity on the development and trajectory of music preferences across the lifespan. The focus of interest in recent empirical research has been to predict music preferences using adolescent individual differences. It is widely recognized that adolescents use music to help them deal with a number of psychosocial and emotional challenges, which often arise during this critical period of identity development. There has been little study whether adults similarly use music to deal with a variety of lifespan experiences, and the impact that these have on the trajectory of music preferences. Therefore, I present the results of two studies which explored the relationship between identity and the trajectory of music preferences. The aim of the first on-line quantitative study was to replicate and expand previous research to explore through simple regression analyses, the relationship between personality traits, age, and estimated IQ and identity dimensions as predictors of music preferences. A large sample (n=768), ages ranging from 17-66 completed the survey. Music preference ratings were assessed using STOMP-R. The BFI and the EIPQ were used for personality trait and identity dimension measurement respectively. Results largely supported previous research. Interestingly, adjusted R2 scores suggested that individual differences accounted for less than 20% of variance in music preferences. To obtain a broader perspective of the problem, a second qualitative study (n=62, 18-73 years; X=28.6), was performed using semi-structured interviews to explore through a symbolic interactionist lens the development and evolution of music preferences as symbolic representations of identity. Coding and thematic analysis of the data revealed that the trajectory, meaning and function of music preferences are indeed subject to evolution, largely mediated by identity development, lifespan experiences and changing social groups. Interestingly, an increasing number of older adults had used the internet and media websites to revisit music from their past and expand their musical taste palate. Future research may explore the use of technology by older adults, on the trajectory of music preferences.
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Stankiewicz, Mariese Ribas. "Caravaggio, Spenser e Rei James I, em Innocence, Mutabilitie e Speaking Like Magpies de Frank McGuinness". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8147/tde-13112013-130019/.

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Esta tese tem como objetivo verificar os processos de transposição histórica e biográfica para três peças do dramaturgo irlandês Frank McGuinness, Innocence (1986), Mutabilitie (1997) e Speaking like Magpies (2005), e a interculturalidade deles resultante. Ela também se baseia na hipótese de que todos os processos se estruturaram a partir da ficcionalização de informações contidas em textos históricos e biográficos sobre os assuntos tratados em cada uma dessas peças, como uma crítica às narrativas que visam à objetividade. Este estudo constatou que, em relatos inconclusivos e em perfis de um famoso pintor italiano, de um renomado poeta inglês e de um controverso rei escocês da Inglaterra, modelados na Renascença a partir de suas obras e feitos, o dramaturgo encontrou uma oportunidade de mostrar a história e a biografia segundo a perspectiva irlandesa.
This dissertation aims at verifying the processes of historical and biographical transposition to three plays by Irish playwright Frank McGuinness, Innocence (1986), Mutabilitie (1997) and Speaking like Magpies (2005), and the interculturality resulting from them. It is also based on the hypothesis that all of the processes are structured from the fictionalization of the data contained in historical and biographical texts about the issues dealt with in each of these theatrical plays, as a way to criticize the narratives that target objectivity. In this study, it has been noticed that, in inconclusive reports and in the profiles of a famous Italian painter, of a renowned English poet, and of a controversial Scottish king of England, modeled in the Renaissance according to their works and deeds, the playwright found an opportunity to show history and biography from the Irish perspective.
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Esposito, Rhea Marie McKnight. "Being Neighborly| Costs and Benefits of Nesting Associations between American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) and Black-Billed Magpies (Pica hudsonia)". Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10003713.

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One goal of community ecology is to examine proximate and ultimate factors driving interactions between species. Part of this work addresses breeding bird aggregations, termed nesting associations. I evaluated costs and benefits of nesting along an association gradient in smaller black-billed magpies (Pica hudsonia) and larger American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) over two nesting seasons in Jackson, Wyoming. Specifically, I explored mechanisms of proximate protective benefits gained by magpies nesting nearer crows, along with foraging costs of associating with crow competitors. I also evaluated ultimate influences of association on nesting success for crows and magpies. Protection can operate under two non-exclusive proximate mechanisms, termed predator exclusion and information transfer. I found both mechanisms influenced nest protection for magpies. Crows performed more defensive behaviors at magpie nests nearer their own nests, and magpies responded to crow defensive signals. However, I did not find fitness benefits for magpies related to nesting nearer or farther from crows. I also explored the competitive foraging costs of heterospecific nesting associations by quantifying resource discovery behaviors and providing novel resource extraction problems to crows and magpies. Crows and magpies behaviors differed related to resource extraction problems such that magpies were less neophobic than crows. However, magpies paid a cost, measured as higher food losses to kleptoparasitism, for nesting nearer to crows. Further, crows came to dominate shared resources initially discovered by magpies. These results highlight potential foraging benefits to crows for associating with magpies. Despite these proximate benefits, crows also did not have greater nesting success when nesting nearer to magpies. Crows also experienced proximate costs to associating, measured as increased defensive behaviors and longer latencies to complete more complex resource extraction problems when nearer to magpies. I found that crow nesting success was related to success of associated conspecifics, but was not related to the number of defenders participating in nest defense. In my study system of crows and magpies, both species experienced benefits and costs to nesting nearer a heterospecific associate. However, costs and benefits may balance each other out such that there is no observable difference in fitness for either species based on association.

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Rollinson, Daniel J., i n/a. "Synanthropy of the Australian Magpie: A Comparison of Populations in Rural and Suburban Areas of Southeast Queensland, Australia". Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040924.152124.

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The urbanised environment provides ecologists with unique situations in which to undertake ecological study. It has been said that urbanisation is like a natural experiment; we often have populations of animals that have gone from living in natural or semi-natural environments to living in a highly modified anthropogenic environment. These situations provide ideal settings to study the ecological and behavioural differences that may develop in populations located in different habitats. Urbanisation typically results in a minority of species dominating the fauna, and this thesis aimed to examine one such species, the Australian magpie. Despite the magpie being a common and well-liked suburban bird, the majority of previous research on this species has been undertaken within rural or exurban locations. This thesis aimed to examine what actually happens to the species when it lives in the suburban environment. In particular I focused on specific behavioural and ecological features, to see if there were any particular adaptations the suburban magpies showed and also if the suburban habitats provide certain resources favourable to the magpies and what ecological effects these may have. Comparisons of the territory structure and resources of rural and suburban magpies showed that although many features of the territory are similar between rural and suburban locations, notably the choice of native nest trees, magpie territories within suburban areas were smaller and contained more anthropogenic features. The reduced territory size may possibly be related to a greater abundance of key food resources also evident within suburban areas. Furthermore, suburban magpies are more successful in their foraging attempts, again possibly reflecting a more abundant food supply in suburbia and also the simplified nature of suburban foraging areas might facilitate more successful foraging. The increased foraging success is likely to explain the greater provisioning rate to nestling suburban magpies. Suburban magpies also utilised human provided foods. I quantified the extent of wildlife feeding within many of the suburban study sites of this thesis (through the use of questionnaire surveys). In each of the locations it was evident that at least one person (usually more) was providing a regular supply of food to wildlife and magpies appeared to be the main recipients of this food. Previous ecological studies suggest the provision of extra food to avian populations is likely to affect the breeding ecology, and this was so for magpies. The suburban populations initiated breeding significantly earlier than rural magpies. To test the influence of food, supplementary food was provided to rural magpies, not currently receiving any additional human provided foods. The fed rural magpies initiated breeding before control rural magpies (i.e. not receiving any additional food) but suburban magpies still initiated breeding before all other groups. This suggests additional factors present within suburbia, such as warmer temperatures, may also control the timing of breeding in magpies. Magpies in rural and suburban locations lived within different vertebrate communities. Within suburban magpie territories a greater number of intrusions were made by domestic animals, notably dogs (Canis lupus) and cats (Felis domesticus). The frequency of raptors entering the territorial areas occupied by magpies appears to suggest such events are more common in rural areas. The number of humans entering magpie territories was obviously greater in the more populated suburban areas and the majority of magpies responded neutrally to humans. However a group of magpies that previously exhibited extreme aggression towards humans were found to have a greater frequency of aggressive interactions with potential predatory intruders, which were primarily humans. Subsequent examination of the level of corticosterone from this aggressive group of magpies found that a high level of aggressive interactions with potential predators and humans is reflected in higher level of corticosterone, which may have implications for further behavioural and even physiological changes. An ability to habituate to human in urbanised areas is a key attribute of successful synanthropic species. Comparisons of magpies disturbance distances at different points along the urban gradient (the gradient that runs from the urbaised city to natural wildlands) found suburban magpies only responded to humans when they had approached to a close distance (often less than one metre) and many simply walked away to avoid the approaching human. Rural and exurban magpies responded to humans at greater distances than suburban magpies. The distance at which they responded to the human was usually 100 meters plus, and these magpies always flew away. A continuation of this investigation over a temporal scale again found the large difference in response to humans, with suburban magpies exhibiting a decreased response towards humans. However, a certain proportion of responses from suburban magpies were also aggressive. The examination of disturbance distance over the breeding season found that in suburban magpies the responses of most disturbance distance variables remained similar between breeding stages. Rural magpies, however, exhibited variation in their responses towards humans depending on the stage of breeding. It is suggested that the response of rural magpies may be a typical fear response towards an unusual potential threat. The studies presented in this thesis show that magpies have the behavioural capacity to take advantage of resources in suburban landscapes that are not available or are in lessor supply in rural landscapes, it is these abilities that facilitate the magpies synanthropy.
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Rollinson, Daniel J. "Synanthropy of the Australian Magpie: A Comparison of Populations in Rural and Suburban Areas of Southeast Queensland, Australia". Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367089.

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The urbanised environment provides ecologists with unique situations in which to undertake ecological study. It has been said that urbanisation is like a natural experiment; we often have populations of animals that have gone from living in natural or semi-natural environments to living in a highly modified anthropogenic environment. These situations provide ideal settings to study the ecological and behavioural differences that may develop in populations located in different habitats. Urbanisation typically results in a minority of species dominating the fauna, and this thesis aimed to examine one such species, the Australian magpie. Despite the magpie being a common and well-liked suburban bird, the majority of previous research on this species has been undertaken within rural or exurban locations. This thesis aimed to examine what actually happens to the species when it lives in the suburban environment. In particular I focused on specific behavioural and ecological features, to see if there were any particular adaptations the suburban magpies showed and also if the suburban habitats provide certain resources favourable to the magpies and what ecological effects these may have. Comparisons of the territory structure and resources of rural and suburban magpies showed that although many features of the territory are similar between rural and suburban locations, notably the choice of native nest trees, magpie territories within suburban areas were smaller and contained more anthropogenic features. The reduced territory size may possibly be related to a greater abundance of key food resources also evident within suburban areas. Furthermore, suburban magpies are more successful in their foraging attempts, again possibly reflecting a more abundant food supply in suburbia and also the simplified nature of suburban foraging areas might facilitate more successful foraging. The increased foraging success is likely to explain the greater provisioning rate to nestling suburban magpies. Suburban magpies also utilised human provided foods. I quantified the extent of wildlife feeding within many of the suburban study sites of this thesis (through the use of questionnaire surveys). In each of the locations it was evident that at least one person (usually more) was providing a regular supply of food to wildlife and magpies appeared to be the main recipients of this food. Previous ecological studies suggest the provision of extra food to avian populations is likely to affect the breeding ecology, and this was so for magpies. The suburban populations initiated breeding significantly earlier than rural magpies. To test the influence of food, supplementary food was provided to rural magpies, not currently receiving any additional human provided foods. The fed rural magpies initiated breeding before control rural magpies (i.e. not receiving any additional food) but suburban magpies still initiated breeding before all other groups. This suggests additional factors present within suburbia, such as warmer temperatures, may also control the timing of breeding in magpies. Magpies in rural and suburban locations lived within different vertebrate communities. Within suburban magpie territories a greater number of intrusions were made by domestic animals, notably dogs (Canis lupus) and cats (Felis domesticus). The frequency of raptors entering the territorial areas occupied by magpies appears to suggest such events are more common in rural areas. The number of humans entering magpie territories was obviously greater in the more populated suburban areas and the majority of magpies responded neutrally to humans. However a group of magpies that previously exhibited extreme aggression towards humans were found to have a greater frequency of aggressive interactions with potential predatory intruders, which were primarily humans. Subsequent examination of the level of corticosterone from this aggressive group of magpies found that a high level of aggressive interactions with potential predators and humans is reflected in higher level of corticosterone, which may have implications for further behavioural and even physiological changes. An ability to habituate to human in urbanised areas is a key attribute of successful synanthropic species. Comparisons of magpies disturbance distances at different points along the urban gradient (the gradient that runs from the urbaised city to natural wildlands) found suburban magpies only responded to humans when they had approached to a close distance (often less than one metre) and many simply walked away to avoid the approaching human. Rural and exurban magpies responded to humans at greater distances than suburban magpies. The distance at which they responded to the human was usually 100 meters plus, and these magpies always flew away. A continuation of this investigation over a temporal scale again found the large difference in response to humans, with suburban magpies exhibiting a decreased response towards humans. However, a certain proportion of responses from suburban magpies were also aggressive. The examination of disturbance distance over the breeding season found that in suburban magpies the responses of most disturbance distance variables remained similar between breeding stages. Rural magpies, however, exhibited variation in their responses towards humans depending on the stage of breeding. It is suggested that the response of rural magpies may be a typical fear response towards an unusual potential threat. The studies presented in this thesis show that magpies have the behavioural capacity to take advantage of resources in suburban landscapes that are not available or are in lessor supply in rural landscapes, it is these abilities that facilitate the magpies synanthropy.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Australian School of Environmental Studies
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Książki na temat "Magpies"

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Kaplan, Gisela T. Australian magpie: Biology and behaviour of an unusual songbird. Collingwood, Vic: CSIRO Pub., 2004.

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Glover, Denis. The magpies. Auckland: Century Hutchinson New Zealand, 1987.

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Paul, Tobin. Blessed by magpies. Belfast: Lipwing, 2011.

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Foster, Joanna. The Magpies' nest. New York: Clarion Books, 1995.

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Wonham, Nick. The charm of magpies. Oldham: Incline Press, 2018.

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James, McGrath. Speaking with magpies: Poems. Santa Fe: Sunstone Press, 2007.

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Marshall, Sybil. A nest of magpies. London: Michael Joseph, 1993.

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Nogha, Misha. Magpies & tigers: Poetry & prose. La Grande, OR: Wordcraft of Oregon, 2007.

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1941-, Nisbet Robert, red. Magpies: Short stories from Wales. Llandysul, Ceredigion: Gomer, 2000.

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Greig, Rhondda. Matarawa House. Christchurch, N.Z: Hazard Press, 1991.

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Części książek na temat "Magpies"

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Resmini, Andrea. "On Being Magpies: In Conversation with Andrew Dillon". W Advances in Information Architecture, 39–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63205-2_6.

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Jones, Darryl. "Wildlife management in the extreme: managing Magpies and mothers in a suburban environment". W Too close for comfort, 9–14. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088, Australia: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2008.004.

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Domingue, John, Martin Dzbor i Enrico Motta. "Semantic Layering with Magpie". W Handbook on Ontologies, 533–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24750-0_27.

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"Magpies". W The Flight of Birds, 68–77. Sydney University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1qwwhpj.11.

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"Magpies". W Horsefly Dress, 68. University of Arizona Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv13xprc5.44.

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Davis, Ann. "Celebrating Magpies". W Challenging Frontiers, 51–65. University of Calgary Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781552383070-007.

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Despret, Vinciane, i Brett Buchanan. "For Magpies". W What Would Animals Say If We Asked the Right Questions?, 97–104. University of Minnesota Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5749/minnesota/9780816692378.003.0013.

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Arsan, Andrew. "Merchants and Magpies". W Interlopers of Empire, 123–50. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199333387.003.0006.

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Paget, Steven. "Magpies and Eagles:". W Allies in Air Power, 142–67. The University Press of Kentucky, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv190k9zf.10.

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"Thinking with Magpies:". W Black Montana, 137–68. Nebraska, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1m8d6nt.12.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Magpies"

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Khandogiy, A. V., A. A. Zezyulkina, M. A. Bogacheva, N. M. Leschinskaya, E. A. Borisenko, E. A. Gyunerich, A. A. Soroka i A. A. Grachok. "FEATURES OF THE ECOLOGY OF THE MARPLE (Pica pica L.) AND ITS PLACE IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE POPULATION OF RAVES IN MINSK". W SAKHAROV READINGS 2022: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2022-2-201-204.

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The article discusses the features of the ecology of the magpie in Minsk as the anthropogenic transformation of urban landscapes intensifies and its role in the structure of the corvid population . And studied the preferred nesting sites and its spatial distribution in the capital of Belarus. Significant differences in the population density of magpies in the urban landscapes of Minsk were revealed, which correlated with the degree of their anthropogenic transformation and the characteristics of their residential development. Practical measures are proposed to regulate the number of magpies in places of their mass concentration. It is concluded that the reason for the active synanthropization and increase in the number of magpies was the growth of tree plantations in the squares and parks of Minsk. The practice of not pruning old trees also played a certain positive role. The combination of all these factors led to an increase in the number of magpies.
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Domingue, John, i Martin Dzbor. "Magpie". W the 9th international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/964442.964479.

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Kielmann, Thilo, Rutger F. H. Hofman, Henri E. Bal, Aske Plaat i Raoul A. F. Bhoedjang. "MagPIe". W the seventh ACM SIGPLAN symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/301104.301116.

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Mitchell, I. H., J. M. Bayley, J. P. Chittenden, P. Choi, J. F. Worley, A. E. Dangor, M. G. Haines, Malcolm Haines i Andrew Knight. "The MAGPIE Generator". W DENSE Z-PINCHES: Third International Conference. AIP, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2949195.

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Isaacs, Rebecca, Paul Barham, James Bulpin, Richard Mortier i Dushyanth Narayanan. "Request extraction in Magpie". W the 11th workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1133572.1133608.

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Ticknor, C., S. A. Andrews i J. A. Leiding. "Magpie: A new thermochemical code". W SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2019: Proceedings of the Conference of the American Physical Society Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/12.0000785.

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Huang, Jin-jie, Jian-shan Wang, Wei Dai, Xuan Shen i Jun He. "Cryptanalysis of Magpie Block Cipher". W 2022 IEEE 10th International Conference on Information, Communication and Networks (ICICN). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icicn56848.2022.10006502.

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Hwang, Sungjae, Andrea Bianchi, Myungwook Ahn i Kwangyun Wohn. "MagPen". W the 15th international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2493190.2493194.

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Chittenden, J., P. Choi, I. Mitchell, A. E. Dangor i M. G. Haines. "The MAGPIE dense Z-pinch project". W 1990 Plasma Science IEEE Conference Record - Abstracts. IEEE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.1990.110562.

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Tatarakis, M., R. Aliaga-Rossel, A. E. Dangor i M. G. Haines. "Faraday rotation measurements in MAGPIE generator". W DENSE Z-PINCHES. ASCE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.53912.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Magpies"

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Coffman, Devon Keith, John Anders Freiberg, Jeffery Allen Leiding, Christopher Ticknor i Stephen Arthur Andrews. Equations of State with Magpie. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), sierpień 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1557184.

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Velizhanin, Kirill. Enskog Transport Calculations with Magpie. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), luty 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1764188.

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Ticknor, Christopher, i Jeffery Allen. Magpie: Reliable High Explosive Equation of State. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), sierpień 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1467227.

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Emily Cavill, Emily Cavill. Conservation Genetics of the Endangered Seychelles Magpie-Robin (Copsychus sechellarum). Experiment, październik 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/8213.

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