Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Magpie”
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Ruiz-Rodríguez, Magdalena, Manuel Martín-Vivaldi, Manuel Martínez-Bueno i Juan José Soler. "Gut Microbiota of Great Spotted Cuckoo Nestlings is a Mixture of Those of Their Foster Magpie Siblings and of Cuckoo Adults". Genes 9, nr 8 (27.07.2018): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes9080381.
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Diet and host genetic or evolutionary history are considered the two main factors determining gut microbiota of animals, although studies are scarce in natural populations. The system of great spotted cuckoos (Clamator glandarius) parasitizing magpies (Pica pica) is ideal to study both effects since magpie adults feed cuckoo and magpie nestlings with the same diet and, consequently, differences in gut microbiota of nestlings of these two species will mainly reflect the importance of genetic components. Moreover, the diet of adults and of nestling cuckoos drastically differ from each other and, thus, differences and similarities in their microbiotas would respectively reflect the effect of environmental and genetic factors. We used next-generation sequencing technologies to analyze the gut microbiota of cuckoo adults and nestlings and of magpie nestlings. The highest α-diversity estimates appeared in nestling cuckoos and the lowest in nestling magpies. Moreover, despite the greatest differences in the microbiome composition of magpies and cuckoos of both ages, cuckoo nestlings harbored a mixture of the Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) present in adult cuckoos and nestling magpies. We identified the bacterial taxa responsible for such results. These results suggest important phylogenetic components determining gut microbiome of nestlings, and that diet might be responsible for similarities between gut microbiome of cuckoo and magpie nestlings that allow cuckoos to digest food provided by magpie adults.
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Waas, Joseph, John Innes i Dai Morgan. "Can redirected aggression explain interspecific attacks by Australian magpies on other birds?" Behaviour 144, nr 7 (2007): 767–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853907781476391.
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AbstractAttacks by participants of conflicts against a third party are referred to as redirected aggression. Usually the third party is a conspecific — few documented cases of redirected aggression against other species exist. The Australian magpie (Gymnorhina tibicen), however, often attacks other species; the reasons for attacks are largely unknown. Some attacks occur after territorial disputes with conspecifics, suggesting that attacks are the result of redirected aggression. We subjected eight Australian magpie groups to simulated territorial intrusions. In one treatment an Australian magpie and rock dove (Columba livia) were presented in cages next to one another (5 m apart) on the territory for 30 min; the Australian magpie decoy was then covered and aggressive responses toward the rock dove by residents were recorded for a further 30 min (Treatment 1). Two additional treatments were presented in an identical manner on each territory where both decoys were either Australian magpies (Treatment 2) or rock doves (Treatment 3). We predicted that if Australian magpies regularly redirect aggression onto benign species after conspecific territorial intrusions, attack rates on the rock dove decoy in Treatment 1 would be higher than attack rates on the rock dove decoy in Treatment 3. Residents were seldom recorded close (<1 m) and not seen attacking rock dove decoys during tests. In contrast, Australian magpie decoys were often approached and attacked by residents. After a decoy was covered (following the first 30 min phase), residents spent little time in close proximity (on cage, <0.3 m, or 0.3-1 m) to the rock dove decoy in either Treatment 1 or Treatment 3; in contrast, residents were often recorded close to the Australian magpie decoy in Treatment 2. We found no evidence that Australian magpies redirect aggression onto other birds after territorial intrusions. The true proportion of territorial disputes leading to redirected attacks may be small, or only occur under highly specific contexts.
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Jasiūnaitė, Birutė. "Magpie in Lithuanian and Slavic Ethnic Culture". Slavistica Vilnensis 66, nr 1 (17.11.2021): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/slavviln.2021.66(1).61.
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The article, based on a variety of ethnolinguistic material, especially folklore texts, aims to reveal the main similarities and differences in the interpretation of the image of the magpie in the ethnic culture of Lithuanians and Slavs. This bird in two traditions, in Lithuanian and in Slavonic, is treated ambivalently, more often negatively. This is due to the peculiarities of the bird’s appearance, and in particular the variegation of its plumage. This characteristic feature in the ethnic culture of many peoples is traditionally associated with evil spirits. Too talkative people, most often women, are compared with this bird. Common is the motive of the thief magpie. The name of the bird in all the languages is feminine, therefore, in both Lithuanian and Slavic mythopoetic texts, the social roles of a peasant woman are attributed to it: a daughter-in-law, a mother, a hostess, a cook, a nanny. Another common feature is the image of a magpie as a sorceress, herald of good or evil news and future events. These functions are associated with the tendency to depict witches and other mythical characters in the form of a magpie. The most striking differences in the interpretation of the magpie are the following ones: it is unusual for Lithuanians to associate the idea of procreation with it, and some Slavs (for example, the Czechs) believe that magpies bring children into the house. Lithuanians are also unaware of some features of the “working” behavior of a magpie, for example, the threshing motive. In their turn, Lithuanians attribute such crafts as shoemaking, brewing, and agriculture to magpies.
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Bolen, Ginger M., Stephen I. Rothstein i Charles H. Trost. "Egg Recognition in Yellow-Billed and Black-Billed Magpies in the Absence of Interspecific Parasitism: Implications for Parasite-Host Coevolution". Condor 102, nr 2 (1.05.2000): 432–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/102.2.432.
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AbstractYellow-billed Magpies (Pica nuttalli) ejected 100% of nonmimetic eggs placed in their nests despite such behavior having no detectable present day benefits. They are not currently parasitized, nor is there any evidence of a recently extinct brood parasite. Furthermore, there was no molecular evidence of conspecific parasitism, and Yellow-billed Magpies accepted eight of nine conspecific eggs transferred between nests, so recognition would rarely be of benefit if conspecific parasitism occurred. Thus, we suggest that egg recognition in Yellow-billed Magpies is a plesiomorphic trait, a primitive character inherited from a remote ancestor, its nearest relative, the Black-billed Magpie (Pica pica). The latter suffers from parasitism by Great Spotted Cuckoos (Clamator glandarius) in Eurasia and displays rejection behavior throughout Europe in populations that are allopatric and sympatric with this cuckoo. As would be expected if Yellow-billed Magpies inherited rejection behavior from the Black-billed Magpie, or the common ancestor of both species, we found that North American Black-billed Magpies also have well developed egg recognition despite being unaffected by interspecific parasitism. The long-term retention of host defenses as is indicated by magpies has major implications for the coevolutionary interactions between brood parasites and their hosts.
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Dorzhiev, Tsydypzhap Zayatuevich, Evgeniya Nikolaevna Badmaeva, Tsogtbaatar Dayanzhav, Uuganbaya Enkhsaikhan i Ariyana Tomur-oolovna Saaya. "Use of corvids’ nests by other bird species in Baikal Siberia and Mongolia". Samara Journal of Science 8, nr 3 (5.08.2019): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201983105.
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The paper presents the species composition of corvids in Baikal Siberia and Mongolia. More than 700 nests of 8 species of corvids in Transbaikalia, Baikal and Mongolia were examined. 133 cases of using nests of 5 species of corvids (Magpies, Eastern Carrion Crow, Rooks and Daurian Jackdaws) by other species of birds were noted. Nests of small corvids do not attract other birds. Nests of magpies are most commonly used; they are characterized by a specific structure. Of the 8 species that use corvid nests for nesting, Amur red-footed Falcon and long-eared owl are obligate tenants. Then goes Kestrel that prefers magpie nests. The number of these types in many places is determined by the abundance of magpies and crows. In recent years, due to the high number of magpies, the number of Amur falcons in the region is growing. They began following magpies to penetrate the outskirts of Ulan-Ude. Three species (Mallard, hobby, tree sparrows) are considered optional to be the tenants and three other species (Ruddy Shelduck, Long-eared Owl and House Sparrow) are considered to be random. Tree sparrows often nest in the magpie nests in natural habitats. Almost all types of tenants use old nests of the owners. Regional features in the use of corvid nests are revealed. Some species in different regions do not prefer the same nests of different types of corvids.
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J. Cox, S., i J. J. Bauer. "Species interactions between the White-winged Chough and Australian Magpie in a fragmented landscape". Pacific Conservation Biology 3, nr 3 (1997): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc970289.
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We studied the ecology of the White-winged Chough and its interaction with the Australian Magpie on the Central Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia, over seven months. Both species are ground foragers and significant prey overlap was assumed. Invertebrate biomass as an index of habitat quality, showed grasslands to be the most valuable of the three habitats, followed by edge and forest habitats. Magpie territories were positioned around the grasslands and therefore were of higher quality than chough territories which were dominated by forest and edge. Magpies actively exclude chough groups from most of the highly valuable grassland habitat, through repeated and persistent attacks. Despite an apparently effective defensive strategy we concluded that the chough was largely excluded from the most attractive habitat in our study area by the magpie. This study highlights the implications of species interactions on the responses of individual species to habitat fragmentation across a landscape. Implications of this study for the validity of present vertebrate habitat models, which ignore the dynamic nature of population behaviour are discussed.
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Ciebiera, Olaf, Paweł Czechowski, Federico Morelli, Robert Piekarski, Marcin Bocheński, Justyna Chachulska-Serweta i Leszek Jerzak. "Selection of Urbanized Areas by Magpie Pica pica in a Medium Size City in Poland". Animals 11, nr 6 (10.06.2021): 1738. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061738.
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The Magpie Pica pica occurs all over open agricultural areas in Poland, especially near human settlements (particularly in western Poland). The aim of this study was to estimate the size of the local Magpie population and characterize, in detail, nest site selection in a medium size city Górzów Wlkp. in the XXI century. For this study, the whole city was divided into a total of 114 squares of 1 × 1 km. Data were collected in spring 2014. A total of 474 Magpie pairs were recorded. The average density was 5.5 pairs/km2 (min = 0, max = 22 nests/square), in the non-urbanized habitat type—3.7 p/km2, and in the urbanized habitat type—13.5 p/km2. Magpie nests were found most often on Spruces Picea sp. and Poplars Populus sp. The mean height of the nest site was 11.5 m, while the mean height of trees used for nesting was 13.4 m. The type of tree arrangement most frequently used for nesting was tree rows (26.3%), followed by single trees (24.6%) and clusters of 4–10 trees (20.1%). The results for the Magpie’s environmental preferences do not differ from the general patterns described earlier. The study shows that magpies can adapt to changing urbanization factors, and changes in the choice of conifers help the species to adapt to highly anthropogenic habitats.
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Kielmann, Thilo, Rutger F. H. Hofman, Henri E. Bal, Aske Plaat i Raoul A. F. Bhoedjang. "MagPIe". ACM SIGPLAN Notices 34, nr 8 (sierpień 1999): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/329366.301116.
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Horn, Lisa, Clara Scheer, Thomas Bugnyar i Jorg J. M. Massen. "Proactive prosociality in a cooperatively breeding corvid, the azure-winged magpie ( Cyanopica cyana )". Biology Letters 12, nr 10 (październik 2016): 20160649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0649.
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One of the contemporary hypotheses concerning the evolution of human altruism is the cooperative breeding hypothesis (CBH) which has recently been tested in non-human primates. Using a similar paradigm, we investigated prosociality in a cooperatively breeding corvid, the azure-winged magpie. We found that the magpies delivered food to their group members at high rates, and unlike other corvids, they did so without any cues provided by others. In two control conditions, the magpies stopped participating over time, indicating that they learned to discriminate prosocial tests from controls. Azure-winged magpies are thus the first birds that experimentally show proactive prosociality. Our findings are in line with the CBH; however, additional corvid species need to be tested in this promising paradigm.
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Soler, Manuel, Anders Pape Moller i Juan Jose Soler. "EFFECT OF GREAT SPOTTED CUCKOO PRESENCE ON MAGPIE REJECTION BEHAVIOUR". Behaviour 137, nr 2 (2000): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853900502033.
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AbstractSoler & Moller (1990) reported that egg rejection of great spotted cuckoo Clamator glandarius eggs by magpies Pica pica varies between populations depending on the duration of sympatry. Here, we test experimentally the idea that differences in ejection rates between areas of presumably different duration of sympatry could be due to a conditional response by magpies to the presence of adult parasites near the nest. The rate of ejection of mimetic cuckoo egg models was identical in both treatment groups, independently of whether or not the cuckoo was presented at the same time as the model egg. Thus, we conclude that the presence of a great spotted cuckoo near the magpie nest does not increase the probability of egg rejection.
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Iemmi, Tiziano, Alessandro Menozzi, Marcos Pérez-López, Giuseppina Basini, Francesca Grasselli, Simonetta Menotta, Paolo Serventi i Simone Bertini. "Heavy Metal Assessment in Feathers of Eurasian Magpies (Pica pica): A Possible Strategy for Monitoring Environmental Contamination?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, nr 6 (14.03.2021): 2973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062973.
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In the present study, the Eurasian magpie (Pica pica), was evaluated as a possible bioindicator of environmental pollution by heavy metals (HMs). Levels of Ni, Pb, Cd, and Hg in feathers of 64 magpies (31 males and 33 females) were measured by ICP-MS technique. Plasmatic biomarkers of oxidative stress (OS) were also assessed. The birds were captured in the province of Parma (Italy), in different capture sites within 1 km from urban area (UZ), and farther than 5 km from urban area (RZ). Median HM levels were 0.68 mg/kg (0.18–2.27), 2.80 mg/kg (0.41–17.7), <limit of detection (LOD) mg/kg (<LOD–0.25), 3.90 mg/kg (1.35–85.9) for Ni, Pb, Cd and Hg, respectively. No significant differences in HM levels were found according to sex, while Ni and Pb were significantly higher in adult compared to young birds (p = 0.047, p = 0.004). Conversely, Cd and Hg levels in young magpies resulted higher than those of adults (p = 0.001 and p = 0.004). No correlation was found between OS biomarkers and HM levels. No differences were found in HM levels according to capture area, except for Hg level, which resulted higher in magpies of RZ (4.05 mg/kg (1.35–12.7)) compared to UZ (2.99 mg/kg (1.54–85.9)). Further experiments are needed to establish whether magpie feathers could represent a suitable non-invasive tool for biomonitoring HMs in the environment.
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Gregory, G. "The Magpie". English 52, nr 203 (1.06.2003): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/english/52.203.164.
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Imeri, Miranda, i Krisztián Katona. "Sexual differences in morphology and winter diet of the Eurasian magpie (Pica pica) in Hungary". Columella : Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences 9, nr 2 (30.12.2022): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18380/szie.colum.2022.9.2.113.
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Eurasian magpie (Pica pica) is a widely distributed, common species of the Corvidae family. Since magpies have lived close to humans for centuries, we have much information about the species. However, there are few data about morphological and dietary differences between sexes, primarily due to their monomorphic and omnivorous, and opportunistic characteristics. The aim of the study was to analyse the sexual differences in the morphological characteristics, simultaneously provide the body measurements for both sexes with a high level of accuracy and determine the diet composition through stomach content analysis during the winter. The samples were taken from hunting in February of 2020, in Hungary. The linear measurements of body parts (eight variables considered) have been done for all individuals (n=30), and the values were compared between the sexes. The stomach contents were categorized among five main food components, and comparisons of stomach contents and their weights were also performed between males and females. The results concluded that there were no significant differences between the sexes in the studied morphological variables. The dietary analysis revealed that during the winter magpies fed on a range of different food types, with seeds, invertebrates, and vertebrates being the most frequently consumed food. We revealed slight differences between sexes in the consumption of the two latter categories. Our investigations supported earlier findings on the high morphological and dietary similarities of the two sexes also in case of a Hungarian magpie population. These results can serve as a potential basis for further research on magpies in Europe.
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Wang, Lin, Jinxin Guo, Heng jiu Tian i Jinling Sui. "The ability of oriental magpies (Pica serica) to solve baited multiple-string problems". PeerJ 8 (19.05.2020): e9200. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9200.
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Background Baited multiple-string problems are commonly used in avian laboratory studies to evaluate complex cognition. Several bird species possess the ability to use a string pull for obtaining food. Methods We initially tested and trained 11 magpies to determine whether the oriental magpie (Pica sericia) possesses the ability to solve baited multiple-string problems. Eight of the birds obtained the bait by pulling, and were selected for formal multiple-string tasks in the second stage. Second stage tests were divided into seven tasks based on string configurations. Results Only two magpies were able to solve two tasks: one solved the task of parallel strings, and the other solved the task of slanted strings with the bait farther from the middle point between the two strings and selected the short string in the task of long-short strings. When faced with more difficult tasks (i.e., the task of slanted strings with the bait closer to the middle point between the two strings, the task with two crossing strings, and the task of continuity and discontinuity), the birds initially observed the tasks and chose instead to adopt simpler strategies based on the proximity principle, side bias strategies and trial-and-error learning. Our results indicate that the oriental magpie had a partial understanding of the principle of multiple-string problems but adopted simpler strategies.
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Jones, Darryl N., i Paul G. Finn. "Translocation of aggressive Australian magpies: a preliminary assessment of a potential management action". Wildlife Research 26, nr 3 (1999): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr98062.
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Australian magpies are the cause of a major wildlife-management conflict in suburban areas throughout Australia. Mitigation of this conflict is becoming increasingly difficult in some locations because of community opposition to the destruction of the birds involved, which remains a common management solution of many wildlife agencies. Translocation – the capture and release elsewhere – of offending birds has been advocated but never seriously evaluated. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of translocation as a means of eliminating magpie attacks. We also attempted to assess the impact of the approach on both the translocated birds and those remaining in the territory. A total of 20 aggressive magpies, all males, were captured and released at distances 17–150 km from the place of capture. Most birds released more than 30 km away were not seen again; two birds released less than 30 km away returned quickly and were recaptured. A single bird re-established itself on its original territory several months after capture. In many cases, new males had replaced the captured birds within days. There was no evidence of negative behavioural interactions between these males and the resident females or chicks. While the technique is effective in reducing the human–magpie conflict at specific locations, our lack of knowledge of the fate of translocated males, as well as several other issues, suggests that this approach be used only in extreme circumstances.
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Hariyono. "ANALISIS USAHA PENANGKARAN BURUNG MURAI BATU (Cophycus malabaricus) DI KABUPATEN OKU TIMUR". Jurnal Bakti Agribisnis 4, nr 02 (1.11.2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.53488/jba.v4i02.64.
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The purpose of this study is to 1. Know the cost and income of the Murai Batu bird breeding business. 2. Knowing the feasibility level of the Murai Batu bird breeding business. This research was conducted in Sidogede Village, Belitang District and in Bangun Harjo Village, Buay Madang Timur District, East OKU Regency. This research was conducted in 2017. The research method used is the census method of two samples from two populations of stone magpie breeding business in Sidogede Village, Belitang District, East OKU Regency and in Bangun Harjo Village, Buay Madang Timur District, East OKU Regency. The data obtained from the field will be processed tabulated and mathematically, which includes production costs, revenue, income, calculating the R / C ratio, and analyzing financial feasibility. Based on the results of the research that has been done, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1. The amount of income from the magpie bird breeding is Rp. 13,000,000, with a total cost of Rp. 1,301,254.86 so that an income of Rp. 11,689,745.14. 2. NPV (Net Present Value) analysis in the breeding of stone magpies is IDR 813,474,900. With the IRR (Internal rate of Return) value is 71.8%, which means that it is greater than the bank interest rate of 18%, so that the magpie stone breeding business is feasible to be developed. The Net B / C value is 3.26, which is greater than zero, so the business is feasible to develop.
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Mérő, Thomas, Antun Žuljević i Katalin Varga. "Nest-site characteristics and breeding density of Magpie Pica pica in Sombor (NW Serbia)". Acrocephalus 31, nr 145-146 (1.01.2010): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10100-010-0006-5.
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Nest-site characteristics and breeding density of Magpie Pica pica in Sombor (NW Serbia) In March 2009, active Magpie Pica pica nests were censused in the town of Sombor (Vojvodina, NW Serbia) to study nest-site characteristics, breeding density and spatial distribution. The area of the town can be divided into two parts according to different urban landscapes, i.e. the town centre (150 ha) and the residential area (2,224 ha). In total, 222 Magpie nests were found and their height, tree species and nest-site type determined. Nests were found in 25 tree and two shrub species, the most of them (31.1%) being placed in the commonest tree species in the town, the Common Hackberry Celtis occidentalis. The majority of the nests were found in tree avenues (39.6%) and groups of trees (31.5%). Nests in the town centre with a mean height (± SD) of 15.2 ± 4.05 m were significantly higher than those in the residential area with a mean height (± SD) of 11.4 ± 5.13 m. The mean distance of nests from the top of the canopy (± SD) was 1.5 ± 1.33 m, demonstrating the Magpie's tendency to place its nests in the very tops of trees in the urban areas. In the residential area, nests were present in every height class, while in the town centre they were not found lower than 5 m. This difference can be explained by denser human population in the town centre and hence greater disturbance (e.g. pedestrians), as found in several other studies, but also by the negative effect of high buildings that prevail there. Thus, the height of surrounding buildings, too, might play an important role in nest-site selection in Magpies breeding in urban habitats, especially in densely built-up areas. Breeding density of Magpie in Sombor was 0.94 pairs/10 ha, with almost twice as high in the town centre as in the residential area. The findings of this study are compared to those obtained in other studies in Serbia and abroad.
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Kallioinen, RUO, JM Hughes i PB Mather. "Significance of Back Colour in Territorial Interactions in the Australian Magpie". Australian Journal of Zoology 43, nr 6 (1995): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9950665.
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In eastern Australia, two forms of the Australian magpie occur: a white-backed form and a black-backed form. These two forms hybridise across northern Victoria and into South Australia. In this study the response of territorial magpies to caged intruders was examined. Pairs of adult male magpies were introduced into territories. Both were adult black-backed birds, but in each case one of them had its back painted white. The pair was introduced to each territory twice, with the bird that was painted white differing between times. The experiment was run in a population of black-backed birds and a population in the hybrid zone containing white-backed, black-backed and hybrid birds. In both cases, the residents were more aggressive towards the intruder with the white-back than they were to the black-backed intruder. We suggest that this may be because a white-backed bird posed more of a threat to residents than a black-backed bird.
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Kang, Ki-Ho, Ki-Baek Nam, Ji-Sub Kim i Jeong-Chil Yoo. "Nest characteristics and composition of the colonial nesting Azure-winged magpie Cyanopica cyanus in South Korea". PeerJ 10 (29.06.2022): e13637. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13637.
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Bird nests are crucial for reproductive success since they serve as structures to hold the eggs and nestlings safely. Therefore, the structural characteristics of bird nests have optimally evolved to maximize reproductive success, which are known to be affected by various factors. We gathered information on the nest characteristics such as nest structure and constituent materials in the colonial breeding Azure-winged magpie (Cyanopica cyanus) and investigated the relationship between ecologically relevant factors and the size and mass of the nests. The Azure-winged magpie nest can be deconstructed into an outer nest and an inner cup, and the type and mass of materials used for the construction of each part varies. Compared to the inner cup, the outer nest, which constitutes the overall shape of the nest, is composed of relatively harder materials, such as branches and soil. In contrast, the inner cup, which is the part where birds directly incubate eggs and raise nestlings, is composed of more flexible and softer materials, such as fiber and moss. We found that there was no relationship between nest characteristics and ecologically relevant factors. However, as the breeding season progressed, the volume of the inner cup decreased with increasing ambient temperatures. Our results show that Azure-winged magpies use differing materials for structurally distinct parts of the nests during construction. The results also indirectly suggest that the choice regarding the amount of insulating materials relative to changing temperatures during the breeding season may be one of the more significant adaptive strategies in the nest-building behaviors of Azure-winged magpies.
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Warren, Alison, Ann Taylor, Mairead Cahill i Marie O’Donnell. "The MAGPIE model". Journal of Practice Teaching and Learning 11, nr 2 (1.01.2010): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1921/175951511x661246.
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Warren, Alison, Ann Taylor, Mairead Cahill i Marie O’Donnell. "The MAGPIE model". Journal of Practice Teaching and Learning 11, nr 2 (4.03.2013): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1921/jpts.v11i2.267.
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Inter Professional Education (IPE) is not commonplace within Ireland. This paper presents the development and practical application of an IPE placement experience initiated by the University of Limerick. Several factors contributed to its development, including the establishment of posts based within several universities and the health service specifically to facilitate placement education. The MAGPIE model (Meet, Assess, Goal-Set, Plan, Implement and Evaluate) was used as a platform for the case-based IPE sessions involving Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy students. Each student experienced 10.5 hours of discussion-based inter-professional activity within a placement and presented an inter-professional case study. The IPE experience was evaluated via focus groups involving students, practice educators and placement facilitators. Strengths of the experience included increased motivation, improved team working skills and development of a greater understanding of professional roles. Recommendations to enhance future case-based IPE sessions are identified.
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du Preez, Jan. "My Magpie Nest". Journal of Poetry Therapy 26, nr 2 (czerwiec 2013): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08893675.2013.794540.
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EGUCHI, Kazuhiro. "The Eurasian Magpie". Japanese Journal of Ornithology 65, nr 1 (2016): 5–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3838/jjo.65.5.
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Sibai, Baha M. "The Magpie Trial". Lancet 360, nr 9342 (październik 2002): 1329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11321-3.
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Walters, Barry NJ, Dorothy Graham i Dale Hamilton. "The Magpie Trial". Lancet 360, nr 9342 (październik 2002): 1329–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11322-5.
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Mittendorf, Robert, Peter G. Pryde, Marguerite Herschel i Kwang-Sun Lee. "The Magpie Trial". Lancet 360, nr 9342 (październik 2002): 1330–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11323-7.
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Weeks, Andrew D., i Samuel Ononge. "The Magpie Trial". Lancet 360, nr 9342 (październik 2002): 1331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11324-9.
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Guidotti, Richard. "The Magpie Trial". Lancet 360, nr 9342 (październik 2002): 1331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11325-0.
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Duley, Lelia, Guillermo Carroli, Barbara Farrell, Jack Moodley i Jim Neilson. "The Magpie Trial". Lancet 360, nr 9342 (październik 2002): 1331–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11326-2.
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Found, Rob. "Interactions between cleaner-birds and ungulates are personality dependent". Biology Letters 13, nr 11 (listopad 2017): 20170536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2017.0536.
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While a growing body of literature explores the ecological implications of consistent individual variation in the behaviour of wildlife, few studies have looked at the reciprocal influences of personality within interspecific interactions, despite the potentially significant impacts on biodiversity. Here I used two species involved in cleaner-bird behaviour—black-billed magpies ( Pica pica ) and Rocky mountain elk ( Cervus canadensis )—to show that the exhibition of mutualistic behaviour can depend on the personality of the individual involved. I recorded suites of correlated behaviours in both elk and magpies to derive personality gradients from ‘shy’ to ‘bold’, which I compared with observations of interspecific interactions. I measured each half of this mutualistic relationship separately. I found that bold elk were more likely to aggressively reject magpie landings, while shy elk allowed magpies to land and groom them. Contrastingly, I found it was bold magpies that were willing to risk landings, while shy magpies rarely attempted landings. These results show that the exhibition of interspecific behaviour is predicated on the personality of the individuals, and thus likely contributes to the selection and maintenance of personality variation within populations.
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Squalli, Wafae, Ismail Mansouri, Driss Ousaaid, Mohammed Hmidani, Hamid Achiban, Fatima Fadil i Mohamed Dakki. "New Data on Breeding Strategies and Reproductive Success of the Globally Threatened Turtle Dove Co-Occurring with the “Competitive” Collared Dove and the “Predatory” Maghreb Magpie in Olive Orchards". International Journal of Zoology 2022 (20.05.2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2864178.
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Interactions between co-occurring species, including competition and predation, comprise critical processes regulating local community structure, habitat use, and diversity. We monitored nesting habitats, breeding chronology, and reproductive success rates to describe the patterns of spatiotemporal organization of three co-habiting species: the “native” turtle dove, the “invasive” collared dove, and the “predatory” Maghreb magpie. We defined nesting site parameters, breeding chronology dates, and success rates to explain how these species are dispersed in space and time. Similarly, predation attacks were evaluated. Patterns of habitat use were best explained by fear of predation and competition. Both doves selected nesting sites far away from the predatory Magpie to protect their nests. Equally, sympatric Columbidae turtle dove and collared dove were segregated horizontally and vertically only in space to reduce competition inside olive orchards. On the other side, Maghreb magpie started the breeding activity first, most probably to benefit from food abundance targeted in doves’ nests (eggs and nestlings). Further, breeding success was higher in both doves, despite predation pressure exercised by the Magpie and other reptiles. Magpie nests were colonized by the great spotted cuckoo (Clamator glandarius). Finally, this study provides the first and only detailed data on nest-niche of the turtle dove co-occurring with competitor and predator species, in the entire Northwest Africa range. Additionally, our data provide an opportunity of large-scale comparative studies of the nesting niche and breeding performances of the turtle dove, collared dove, and Maghreb magpie complex.
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Repin, Denis Vladimirovich, i Nadezhda Vasilyevna Repina. "Ecological and morphological analysis of the cardiac index seasonal dynamics of the Chuvash Republic sedentary and migratory birds". Samara Journal of Science 8, nr 2 (1.04.2019): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201982110.
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The following paper describes the results of seasonal dynamics study of the cardiac index of sedentary and migratory species of the Corvidae birds on the territory of the Chuvash Republic. The objects of the research were sedentary, nomadic and migratory species of the Corvidae birds: magpie, jackdaw, rook and gray crow. The work is based on the materials of the field and laboratory studies, which were conducted in the spring and autumn of 2016-2019 in the Chuvash Republic. The parameters of the cardiac index of grey crows, magpies, rooks and jackdaws were studied and birds with the lowest body mass and the most developed flying muscles, as well as migratory birds had the highest values of this indicator. When determining the cardiac index in spring and autumn, all the considered bird species had significant inter-seasonal differences of the studied parameter. It may be due to seasonal fluctuations in the activity and body mass of the birds. Of all the studied bird species only the rook had the highest seasonal variability of the cardiac index. The magpie had the smallest differences between spring and autumn values of the cardiac index, as they lead the most sedentary lifestyle compared to the rook, the crow and the jackdaw.
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Wilson, Robyn. "Temporal and Spatial Variation in the Distribution and Abundance of the Magpie Goose, Anseranas semipalmata, in the Rockhampton Region of the Queensland Coast". Wildlife Research 24, nr 3 (1997): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr94044.
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The distribution, abundance and habitat of the magpie goose, Anseranas semipalmata, were studied from February 1987 to March 1990 and examined in relation to season, rainfall and evaporation, and the availability of sedges (Eleocharis spp.) in the Rockhampton area on the central Queensland coast. Seasonal fluctuations in abundance of the magpie goose were correlated with the 12-month cumulative difference between rainfall and evaporation in Rockhampton. Large flocks (>500 magpie geese) were observed on Eleocharis spp. and open water during the wet season, and on mud during the dry season.
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Zeegers, Yvonne, Kathryn Paige, David Lloyd i Philip Roetman. "‘Operation Magpie’: Inspiring Teachers' Professional Learning Through Environmental Science". Australian Journal of Environmental Education 28, nr 1 (lipiec 2012): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aee.2012.4.
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AbstractOperation Magpie was a citizen science project that involved the community in collecting data about magpies. This article describes one aspect of the project from an education perspective. The study began with a collaboration of teacher educators, environmental scientists and a local radio station. After an initial workshop with 75 teachers, three teacher educators met regularly with 13 primary teachers who each volunteered to plan and teach a unit of work on birds. Meeting regularly in focus groups, the teachers shared their pedagogical strategies that supported students to connect with their local environment. Findings include the importance of focused professional learning for teachers through ongoing, needs-based support during the planning and teaching of the unit, and the innovative ways that teachers approached the unit. One unexpected finding was that teachers tended to identify student learning in terms of the English curriculum rather than the science curriculum.
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Airola, Daniel A., Lily A. Douglas i Layla Airola. "Yellow-billed Magpie Population Status and Habitat Characteristics in Urban Sacramento, California". Western Birds 52, nr 3 (2.08.2021): 222–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21199/wb52.3.3.
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Most research on the ecology of the Yellow-billed Magpie (Pica nuttalli) has been focused in oak woodlands and savannas in California’s Coast Ranges; urban and suburban populations, some of which are sizable, have received little attention. In 2020, we studied eight colonies in six parks around Sacramento and in 2021 expanded the survey to 43 sites, detecting 827 breeding magpies. Population estimates based on nest counts were generally higher than those from direct counts, and nest counts were more repeatable and efficient. Counts of recently fledged young in family groups yielded reproductive rates similar to those observed near the coast before arrival of West Nile virus in 2003, suggesting that the virus is not currently affecting nestlings’ survival. Sacramento magpies nested in the upper canopy of a wide variety of large trees, both native and non-native. They foraged preferentially in low herbaceous habitat—irrigated turf and unirrigated annual grassland that was mowed or grazed. The presence of rivers and streams influenced occupancy strongly. Colony size was strongly related to the amount of low herbaceous foraging habitat within 0.5 km of colony sites with nearby flowing water. Our results suggest that at least 4 ha of low herbaceous foraging habitat is needed to support a small nesting colony. Retention of herbaceous habitat near large trees and flowing water, plus mowing or grazing to keep herbaceous growth low, should benefit urban Yellow-billed Magpies.
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Jones, Darryl N., i Thomas Nealson. "Management of aggressive Australian magpies by translocation". Wildlife Research 30, nr 2 (2003): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr01102.
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Attacks on humans by Australian magpies (Gymnorhina tibicen) cause a significant human–wildlife conflict in suburban environments throughout Australia. Community opposition to lethal control methods generally has, in part, led to an increase in the use of translocation as an alternative. We assessed the effectiveness and implications of using this approach in the management of aggressive magpie in south-eastern Queensland during 1999 and 2000. A total of 968 (1999) and 707 (2000) magpies were reported by the public, of which 39–45% were able to be investigated by a two-person team working three days per week. A total of 141 magpies were translocated, 31.7% of all birds investigated. Of these, only five (3.5%) returned to the place of capture, and 22 (15.6%) were resighted elsewhere; there was no evidence of 'homing'. Only three translocated birds were subsequently reported as being aggressive towards humans. While extremely effective in reducing the conflict locally, we caution against the indiscriminate use of this method, and suggest that it be seen as one of many options available to wildlife managers.
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Cao, Zhuo, Yabo Dan, Zheng Xiong, Chengcheng Niu, Xiang Li, Songrong Qian i Jianjun Hu. "Convolutional Neural Networks for Crystal Material Property Prediction Using Hybrid Orbital-Field Matrix and Magpie Descriptors". Crystals 9, nr 4 (3.04.2019): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9040191.
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Computational prediction of crystal materials properties can help to do large-scale insiliconscreening. Recent studies of material informatics have focused on expert design of multidimensionalinterpretable material descriptors/features. However, successes of deep learning suchas Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) in image recognition and speech recognition havedemonstrated their automated feature extraction capability to effectively capture the characteristicsof the data and achieve superior prediction performance. Here, we propose CNN-OFM-Magpie, aCNN model with OFM (Orbital-field Matrix) and Magpie descriptors to predict the formationenergy of 4030 crystal material by exploiting the complementarity of two-dimensional OFM featuresand Magpie features. Experiments showed that our method achieves better performance thanconventional regression algorithms such as support vector machines and Random Forest. It is alsobetter than CNN models using only the OFM features, the Magpie features, or the basic one-hotencodings. This demonstrates the advantages of CNN and feature fusion for materials propertyprediction. Finally, we visualized the two-dimensional OFM descriptors and analyzed the featuresextracted by the CNN to obtain greater understanding of the CNN-OFM model.
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Gaasterland, Terry, i Christoph W. Sensen. "MAGPIE: automated genome interpretation". Trends in Genetics 12, nr 2 (luty 1996): 76–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9525(96)81406-5.
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McCadden, Kerrin. "The Magpie: A Key". New England Review 40, nr 3 (2019): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ner.2019.0078.
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Sandercock, Leonie. "Commentary: The Magpie Profession". Planning Theory & Practice 1, nr 1 (styczeń 2000): 134–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14649350050135257.
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Lee, Jia, Jiyoung Yun, Kahyun Lee i Ha-cheol Sung. "Sex determination by morphological measurements of the monomorphic Azure-winged magpie (Cyanopica cyanus)". Korea National Park Research Institute 13, nr 2 (30.11.2022): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.54406/jnpr.2022.13.2.025.
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Most sexually monomorphic species, including the family Corvidae, are visually indistinguishing in field investigations. We investigated intersexaul morphological differences of the Azure-winged magpie (Cyanopica cyanus). We caught 86 adults (67 males, 14 females, and 5 unidentified), measured their morphological characteristics (head-bill length, bill length, maximum and minimum wing length, tarsus length, body length, tail length, and weight), and collected blood samples. Sex was determined by PCR amplification using the previously used P2/P8 (Griffiths et al. 1998) primers. Statistical analysis was used to compare morphological differences between sexes. Males were longer in body length and maximum wing length, and discriminant function analysis using the two variables showed the sex was distinguished with an accuracy of 71.7%. We discussed the significance of the two variables in the monomorphic Azure-winged magpies.
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Wang, Yanping, Shuihua Chen, Pingping Jiang i Ping Ding. "Black-billed Magpies (Pica pica) adjust nest characteristics to adapt to urbanization in Hangzhou, China". Canadian Journal of Zoology 86, nr 7 (lipiec 2008): 676–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z08-045.
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Although many bird species worldwide are colonizing urban environments, the ecological processes underlying the responses to urbanization remain unclear. Here we examined the responses of Black-billed Magpies ( Pica pica (L., 1758)) to urbanization across an urban–rural gradient by assessing nest locations, nest height, and available nest sites at six habitats (mountains, farmlands, riparians, urban parks, strips of street trees, building areas) in Hangzhou, China. In each habitat, we categorized used and available nest sites as urban (e.g., chimneys, antenna or cable poles, ledges, and open roofs on buildings) or natural (e.g., trees) nest sites. We found 147 magpie nests in five of the six habitats, and no nests in mountains. The use of urban nest sites by magpies differed significantly across habitats, and it increased significantly with the availability of urban nest sites along the urban gradients. Nest height of magpies differed significantly across habitats, and it increased significantly with urbanization intensity. The increase in nest height in urban environments can be attributed to the increases in human disturbance (the number of pedestrians). Our results indicate that magpies can adjust their nest characteristics in response to urbanization, and that nesting behavior shifts may aid them to adapt to urban systems.
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Febrian, Lucky, Buhori Muslim i Debi Gusmaliza. "Aplikasi Penilaian Lomba Burung Murai Batu Berbasis Android". Jurnal Nasional Ilmu Komputer 2, nr 1 (18.11.2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.47747/jurnalnik.v2i1.505.
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This research aims to design and build an Android-based Magpie Batu race evaluation app. The appraisal application is one of the media used in the judging process for judges to participants in the bird competition. Based on the results of observations on Saturday's cheerful contest. It was found that the current system was still manual using paper, pen and flag media to determine the results of the race and the process the calculation of the value after the end time is also still manually with counting the total number of values obtained can only be known which bird won, so it was less effective in the assessment of the Magpie Stone race. The system development method in this application uses the Luther method which consists of several stages, namely concept, design, material collecting, assembly, testing, distribution. To measure the success of this application, alpha testing is done to test the validity of the product to design experts, material experts, linguists and media experts. The results expected in this study are in the form of an Android-based appraisal of the Magpie Stone contest as a media for the Magpie Stone race in Pagar Alam City.
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Gao, Li-Fang, Wen Zhang, Hai-Yang Zhang, Zhen-Qin Zhu, Xiao-Dan Zhang i Bo Du. "Parental dependence on the nest’s spatial cues in offspring recognition decreases with nestling growth in the azure-winged magpie". Current Zoology 66, nr 6 (8.04.2020): 643–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cz/zoaa017.
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Abstract In altricial birds, to address which cues are used by parents to recognize their offspring, and when they switch between cues during reproduction, it has not been well determined. In this study, we address this question in a Tibetan population of the azure-winged magpie Cyanopica cyanus, by examining the dependence of parents on a nest’s spatial position in offspring recognition. During the egg and nestling phases, azure-winged magpie nests were translocated to new positions across various distances from their original site, and parental responses to the translocated nests were investigated. Our findings show that a nest’s spatial position is not connected with the survival of its young, but might be used as a cue in parental offspring recognition. When nests are translocated to a new position within a certain distance, parents could recognize their nests and returned to resume their parenting behaviors. Parental dependence on the nest’s spatial position in offspring recognition is higher during the egg phase than during the nestling phase, and it decreases with the growth of nestlings. After nestlings reach a certain age, the nest’ s spatial position was no longer used by parents as the single cue for offspring recognition. These findings suggest that azure-winged magpies switch their cues in offspring recognition during the different stages of reproduction. After parent–offspring communication has been established, the offspring’s phenotypic traits may become a more reliable cue than the nest’s spatial position in offspring recognition.
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Oliver, Jennie. "Magpie: A Foot-Operated Feeding Device". British Journal of Occupational Therapy 52, nr 5 (maj 1989): 172–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802268905200504.
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The Magpie is a foot-operated feeding device, designed to be used by people who have insufficient arm function to feed themselves but retain sufficient leg movement which can be harnessed to operate this device. A trial of 16 people was carried out to evaluate its design and assess its effectiveness. With positive results from this trial, the Magpie is to be put into production and made available to suitable people.
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Soler, J. J., D. Martín-Gálvez, J. G. Martínez, M. Soler, D. Canestrari, J. M. Abad-Gómez i A. P. Møller. "Evolution of tolerance by magpies to brood parasitism by great spotted cuckoos". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, nr 1714 (grudzień 2010): 2047–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.2218.
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Hosts may use two different strategies to ameliorate negative effects of a given parasite burden: resistance or tolerance. Although both resistance and tolerance of parasitism should evolve as a consequence of selection pressures owing to parasitism, the study of evolutionary patterns of tolerance has traditionally been neglected by animal biologists. Here, we explore geographical covariation between tolerance of magpies ( Pica pica ) and brood parasitism by the great spotted cuckoo ( Clamator glandarius ) in nine different sympatric populations. We estimated tolerance as the slope of the regression of number of magpie fledglings (i.e. host fitness) on number of cuckoo eggs laid in non-depredated nests (which broadly equals parasite burden). We also estimated prevalence of parasitism and level of host resistance (i.e. rejection rates of mimetic model eggs) in these nine populations. In accordance with the hypothetical role of tolerance in the coevolutionary process between magpies and cuckoos we found geographical variation in tolerance estimates that positively covaried with prevalence of parasitism. Levels of resistance and tolerance were not associated, possibly suggesting the lack of a trade-off between the two kinds of defences against great spotted cuckoo parasitism for magpies. We discuss the results in the framework of a mosaic of coevolutionary interactions along the geographical distribution of magpies and great spotted cuckoos for which we found evidence that tolerance plays a major role.
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Dawson, Terence J., Peter J. Whitehead, Adam McLean, F. D. Fanning i William R. Dawson. "Digestive function in Australian magpie geese (Anseranas semipalmata)". Australian Journal of Zoology 48, nr 3 (2000): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo00011.
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The Australian magpie goose (Anseranas semipalmata) is not really a ‘goose’ but an aberrant species representing the monotypic family Anseranatidae. It is herbivorous but its ability to utilise dietary fibre is uncertain. We examined digestive processes in tame birds fed natural forages in metabolism cages and in wild birds. An examination of the gross anatomy of the gut showed features similar to those in waterfowl of the family Anatidae, the true ducks and geese. In a total-collection feeding trial geese were fed either unhusked rice grain or fresh aquatic grass. The aquatic grass was high in fibre (neutral detergent fibre (NDF) was 74% of dry matter) and magpie geese could not maintain energy or nitrogen balance on this feed. The maintenance energy requirement of the caged magpie geese, as estimated on the rice diet, was 573 kJ kg–1 day–1, which was similar to that found for other species of geese. The maintenance nitrogen requirement was 0.44 g N kg–1 day–1 or 0.52 g N kg–0.75 day–1, which also was similar to the average value for birds. Fibre digestion on both diets was small, 19% and 27% of NDF for rice and grass respectively. Rates of passage of fibrous digesta through the gut of magpie geese varied with diet. The mean retention time for fibre was longer when feeding on the aquatic grass than on unhusked grain, 7.7 3.0 h v. 3.7 0.6 h Data from wild magpie geese clarified the process of digestion. The patterns of pH and short-chain fatty acids along the gut pointed to acid and enzymic digestion occurring in most of the tract, down to the ileocaecal junction. Fermentation appeared restricted to the caeca, rectum and cloaca, though, of note, the caeca contained little fibre, 5% NDF. Higher levels of fibre digestion were indicated in wild geese but fibre still was not a major contributor to the energy intake of these birds. The digestive capabilities of the magpie geese were considered in relation to their impact on the feeding and reproductive biology of these ‘geese’ in monsoonal, northern Australia
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Harrington, Helèna, Audrey Miller, Sarah Mcdowell, Amy Rogers, Joanne Panagos i Jasmine Ferguson. "Use of Stereo Duet Playback to Investigate Traditional Duet Playback Methods and Mechanisms of Cooperative Territorial Defence in Magpie-Larks". Behaviour 141, nr 6 (2004): 741–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539042245169.
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AbstractDuets are precisely coordinated acoustic displays, usually involving members of a mated pair. Studies investigating avian duet function often employ a single speaker playback system to compare response of focal pairs to simulated territorial intrusion by duetting and solo birds. It has recently been suggested that a 'stereo duet playback', in which male and female duet components are separated and broadcast through two different speakers, would provide a more realistic duet stimulus. We conduct the first comparison of a traditional single speaker versus a new stereo duet playback design and provide evidence that Australian magpie-larks, Grallina cyanoleuca, make significantly more flights towards duet playback presented in a more realistic stereo context. Male and female magpie-lark pairs did not split up and attack one 'intruder' each when presented with a stereo duet playback. Instead they moved towards the same speaker together as a united pair, showing a tendency to approach the speaker initiating the duet intrusion. Distance between the two speakers in a stereo duet design did not have a significant effect on the response variables measured. We conclude that magpie-larks can distinguish between use of a single speaker or stereo duet playback to broadcast a duet and suggest that cooperative defence against duetting intruders in magpie-larks is a result of joint territorial defence rather than intraspecific aggression against same-sex intruders.
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Grzegorz Wróblewski i Piotr Gwiazda. "A Magpie at Rush Hour". Antioch Review 76, nr 2 (2018): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.7723/antiochreview.76.2.0313.
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Vidya, T. N. C. "Oriental Magpie Robin (Copsychus saularis)". Resonance 25, nr 8 (sierpień 2020): 1171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12045-020-1033-8.
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