Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Macro-Ecology

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Macro-Ecology”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 27 lipca 2024

Data aktualizacji: 28 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Macro-Ecology"

Marquet, Pablo A. "Ecology goes macro". Nature 412, nr 6846 (sierpień 2001): 481–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35087636.

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Levkov, Zlatko, Saúl Krstic Blanco, Teofil Nakov i Luc Ector. "Ecology of benthic diatoms from Lake Macro Prespa (Macedonia)". Algological Studies 124 (1.07.2007): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/1864-1318/2007/0124-0071.

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White, David C. "Chemical Ecology: Possible Linkage between Macro- and Microbial Ecology". Oikos 74, nr 2 (listopad 1995): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3545646.

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Cordes, Erik E., Derk C. Bergquist i Charles R. Fisher. "Macro-Ecology of Gulf of Mexico Cold Seeps". Annual Review of Marine Science 1, nr 1 (styczeń 2009): 143–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163912.

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Wagner, Richard E. "A macro economy as an ecology of plans". Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 82, nr 2-3 (maj 2012): 433–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2011.07.019.

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Giovannetti, Luciana, i Carlo Viti. "Editorial for the Special Issue: Macro and Microorganism Interactions". Microorganisms 8, nr 11 (7.11.2020): 1751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8111751.

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Osypenko, Z. "ECOLOGY IS A KEY FUNCTION OF FOREST RESOURCES: MACRO REGIONAL SECTION". Agrosvit, nr 17-18 (25.09.2020): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.32702/2306-6792.2020.17-18.103.

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Ferrenberg, Scott, i Sasha C. Reed. "Biocrust ecology: unifying micro- and macro-scales to confront global change". New Phytologist 216, nr 3 (16.10.2017): 643–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.14826.

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Sydeman, W. J., S. A. Thompson, J. A. Santora, M. F. Henry, K. H. Morgan i S. D. Batten. "Macro-ecology of plankton-seabird associations in the North Pacific Ocean". Journal of Plankton Research 32, nr 12 (10.09.2010): 1697–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbq119.

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Cong-Cong, LIU, HE Nian-Peng, LI Ying, ZHANG Jia-Hui, YAN Pu, WANG Ruo-Meng i WANG Rui-Li. "Current and future trends of plant functional traits in macro-ecology". Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology 48, nr 1 (2024): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17521/cjpe.2023.0111.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Macro-Ecology"

Wahab, Md Abdul. "The ecology of benthic macro-invertebrates in earthen trout ponds at Howietoun, central Scotland". Thesis, University of Stirling, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/28840.

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An Investigation Into the ecology of benthic macro-invertebrates in earthen ponds subjected to intensive trout (Salmo trutta L.) culture practices at Howletoun, Central Scotland, was conducted between May 1984 and January 1986. Soil and water quality, seasonal changes in benthos, its role in the trout diet and the Interaction between fish and benthos were studied. Pond benthos mainly comprised 6 major groups including Oligochaeta. (10 species), Chironomldae (18 species), Molluscs and Hirudinea (2 species each) and an asellid and a sialid species. Oligochaeta formed 78 to 90% of benthic fauna, dominated by Tubifex tubifex. Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, L. udekemianus and Psammoryctides barbatus, with an average population density of 68,400 - 191,200 worms mˉ², and exhibited peaks in summer and late autumn corresponding to two major breeding periods. The principal species of Chironomidae were Chironomus spp., Procladius spp. and Prodiamesa olivacea, with a population density of 5,400 to 14,900 ind. mˉ² and forming 7 to 13% of the total benthos with peaks in spring and autumn. Dry biomass of total benthos varied from 24-59 g mˉ² in the cultured ponds with oligochaetes accounting for 14-49 g mˉ² and chironomids 4-7 g mˉ². The mean annual dry weight production of total benthos varied from 130-215 g mˉ² in the cultured ponds, with oligochaete production of 94-160 g mˉ² and chironomid production of 20.6-33.5 g mˉ². An investigation into the ecology of benthic macro-invertebrates in earthen ponds subjected to intensive trout (Salmo trutta L.) culture practices at Howietoun, Central Scotland, was conducted between May 1984 and January 1986. Soil and water quality, seasonal changes in benthos, its role in the trout diet and the interaction between fish and benthos were studied. Pond benthos mainly comprised 6 major groups including Oligochaeta (10 species), Chironomidae (I8 species), Mollusca and Hirudinea (2 species each) and an asellid and a sialid species. Oligochaeta formed 78 to 90% of benthic fauna, dominated by Tubifex tubifex. Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, L. udekemianus and Psammoryctides barbatus, with an average population density of 68,400 - 191,200 worms mˉ², and exhibited peaks in summer and late autumn corresponding to two major breeding periods. The principal species of Chironomidae were Chironomus spp., Procladius spp. and Prodiamesa olivacea, with a population density of 5,400 to 14,900 ind. mˉ² and forming 7 to 13% of the total benthos with peaks in spring and autumn. Dry biomass of total benthos varied from 24-59 g mˉ² in the cultured ponds with oligochaetes accounting for 14-49 g mˉ² and chironomids 4-7 g mˉ². The mean annual dry weight production of total benthos varied from 130-215 g mˉ² in the cultured ponds, with oligochaete production of 94-160 g mˉ² and chironomid production of 20.6-33.5 g mˉ². In an unstocked control pond the total production was 55 g mˉ², 35 g mˉ² of which was accounted for by oligochaetes and 8.06 g mˉ² by chironomids. Analyses of gut contents of the farmed trout showed that 12% of the diet by volume consisted of natural food, mainly benthos. Fish selectively fed on chironomid larvae, Mollusca, Asellus aquaticus and Sialis lutaria. Fish took maximum natural food in the morning and evening. Experimental enclosures to exclude fish from selected areas of the ponds demonstrated that number of species increased outside the enclosures but, except for chironomids, population density, biomass and production generally increased inside the enclosure. The possibility of explaining this result in terms of differential predation is discussed.

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Mazel, Florent. "Comprendre et protéger la diversité des mammifères : une approche de biogéographie évolutive et fonctionnelle à l’échelle du globe". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAV063/document.

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Les mammifères sont présents sur la surface terrestre depuis au moins le crétacé et ont colonisé l’ensemble des continents et des océans. Mon travail s’attache à comprendre la nature et l’importance relative des processus qui ont pu conduire à la répartition géographique actuelle des mammifères et notamment aux similarités faunistiques entre régions du globe. En décrivant les facettes phylogénétiques et fonctionnelles de la biodiversité des mammifères, j’adopte une approche résolument intégrative, à l’interface entre la biogéographie historique et la biogéographie fonctionnelle.À partir d’un travail de revue et de synthèse, la première partie de la thèse me permet de dégager un nombre limité de grandes lignes structurelles décrivant les facettes phylogénétiques et fonctionnelles de la biodiversité. En particulier, je mets en évidence comment la variation de l’échelle phylogénétique de travail peut permettre de mettre en lumière différents processus.La seconde partie de ma thèse s’attache à utiliser cette approche pour expliquer la répartition des mammifères sur le globe. Nous montrons ainsi que les compositions faunistiques à large échelle phylogénétique (p. ex. pour les familles) semblent expliquées par l’isolement géographique des masses continentales au cours du cénozoïque alors que les compositions à fine échelle phylogénétique (p. ex. pour les espèces) sont davantage conditionnées par les affinités climatiques. Nous montrons ensuite que les régions ayant développées des faunes mammaliennes indépendantes présentent en fait des similarités fonctionnelles exceptionnelles, résultat d’une évolution convergente.Comprendre les déterminants historiques et écologiques d’une telle répartition ne représente pourtant qu’un premier pas vers leur sauvegarde face aux multiples menaces anthropiques. La dernière partie de ma thèse entreprend de montrer l’importance d’une vision intégrative combinant les facettes phylogénétiques, fonctionnelles et taxonomiques pour la conservation de l’ensemble des dimensions de la diversité mammalienne
Mammals inhabit the Earth since at least the Cretaceous and have colonised all continents and oceans. My work aims at understanding the nature and importance of the different processes leading to current geographical distributions of mammals and in particular faunal similarities between regions of the globe. By describing the phylogenetic and functional facets of mammalian diversity, I adopt an integrative approach, at the interface between historical and functional biogeography.First, I review and synthesize most of the published multifaceted diversity metrics to propose a limited number of structural dimensions that parsimoniously describe the phylogenetic and functional structure of species assemblages. In particular, I point out how a multi-phylogenetic scale approach might improve our understanding of the mechanisms shaping diversity patterns.Second, I use this approach to understand the geographical distribution of mammals worldwide. I show that at large phylogenetic scales (e.g. families) distributions seem to be driven by geographic isolation of the regions over the course of the Cenozoic Era, while at small phylogenetic scales (e.g. species), distributions are related to climatic affinities. In addition, I show that those regions having developed independent mammalian faunas show exceptional functional similarities due to evolutionary convergences.Understanding the historical and ecological drivers of mammal biodiversity only represents the first step toward their conservation in the face of anthropic threats. The last part of my thesis shows the importance of an integrative approach using phylogenetic, functional and taxonomic facets to protect all dimensions of mammal diversity

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Washko, Susan. "The Macroinvertebrate and Fish Communities of In-Stream Beaver Ponds in Northeastern Utah". DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7395.

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Beavers were virtually extirpated from North America during the fur trade, but populations have since recovered. Dams built by recolonizing beaver alter stream habitat by forming deep, slow ponds within the streams. Such changes to the habitat is likely to have consequences for organisms such as macroinvertebrates and fish. The objective of this study was to identify the differences in the macroinvertebrate and trout community in beaver ponds and lotic (e.g. flowing reaches of a stream) reaches in tributaries to the Logan River in northeastern Utah. The macroinvertebrate community of beaver ponds had fewer species, fewer numbers, and lower biomass of macroinvertebrates compared to lotic reaches. Macroinvertebrates that consume leaf litter and predators that prey on other macroinvertebrates characterized beaver pond macroinvertebrate communities. In contrast, lotic reaches contained macroinvertebrates that consume algae and feed on particles floating through the water column. Macroinvertebrates in lotic reaches were morphologically adapted to cling to rocks in the streamflow, while those in beaver ponds were adapted to living within the fine sediment. Bonneville cutthroat trout collected from lotic reaches were larger than those collected from beaver ponds, while the opposite was true for brown trout collected from lotic reaches. I also found that short-term and long-term diets of both brown trout and Bonneville cutthroat trout were similar between trout caught in beaver pond and lotic reaches. Finally, I found that growth rates of trout were also similar between the two habitats. In conclusion, the structure and function of macroinvertebrates, which are dependent on small-scale habitat features, were more affected by inclusion of beaver ponds to the stream network. Conversely, trout collected from beaver ponds and lotic regions were similar in growth and diet. Considering that beavers are used as a common restoration tool, further studies on the effects of beaver on stream communities is essential.

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Philippe, Martin. "Perspectives multi-échelles de l'impact du chat domestique Felis catus sur la faune native". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASB025.

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L'impact de la prédation par le chat domestique, Felis catus, sur la biodiversité connait un essor croissant dans la recherche en écologie mais aussi dans le débat public. Les populations férales de chats domestiques ont eu des effets dévastateurs sur les écosystèmes insulaires et en Australie, provoquant des extinctions locales et globales d'espèces endémiques, soulevant des préoccupations majeures de conservation. En tant que carnivores obligatoires avec un régime alimentaire diversifié, ces populations de chats sont responsables de la disparition de nombreuses espèces appartenant à divers taxons, ce qui souligne l'urgence de mesures de conservation adaptées. Cependant, l'impact de Felis catus sur la biodiversité dans les contextes continentaux, hors Australie, demeure peu exploré, exigeant des études plus approfondies pour comprendre leur rôle écologique et atténuer efficacement, si nécessaire, leurs impacts. Cette thèse explore, à l'échelle macro-écologique, les caractéristiques de la prédation de Felis catus sur les mammifères et les oiseaux endémiques et examine l'intensité de cette prédation en tenant compte de différents types de populations de chats. S'appuyant sur des bases de données ouvertes incluant traits, phylogénie, distribution et preuves de prédation, et enrichie par l'intelligence artificielle, l'objectif est de déterminer les espèces pour lesquelles la prédation par les chats pourrait entraîner des extinctions locales. En outre, cette étude examine également les facteurs influençant la mobilité des chats domestiques pour mieux comprendre leur impact sur la faune locale. Ce travail vise à redéfinir notre compréhension des interactions entre nos animaux domestiques et la biodiversité, en mettant en lumière les défis et opportunités pour la conservation à l'ère de l'anthropocène. Dans cette recherche, le chat domestique est analysé non pas comme un envahisseur mais à travers un double continuum de son indépendance par rapport aux humains et de sa nouveauté en tant que prédateur, dans un effort pour approfondir ces phénomènes sur des bases écologiques solides
The impact of predation by the domestic cat, Felis catus, on biodiversity is increasingly recognized in ecological research as well as in public debate. Feral populations of domestic cats have had devastating effects on island ecosystems and in Australia, causing local and global extinctions of endemic species and raising major conservation concerns. As obligate carnivores with a diverse diet, these cat populations are responsible for the extinction of numerous species across various taxa, highlighting the urgency of appropriate conservation measures. However, the impact of Felis catus on biodiversity in continental contexts outside of Australia remains underexplored, requiring further studies to understand their ecological role and effectively mitigate their impacts if necessary. This thesis explores on a macro-ecological scale the patterns of Felis catus predation on endemic mammals and birds and examines the intensity of this predation considering different types of cat populations. Relying on open databases that include traits, phylogeny, distribution, and evidence of predation, and enhanced by artificial intelligence, the goal is to identify the species for which predation by cats could lead to local extinctions. Furthermore, this study also examines the factors influencing the mobility of domestic cats to better understand their impact on local wildlife. This work aims to redefine our understanding of the interactions between our domestic companions and the surrounding biodiversity, highlighting the challenges and opportunities for conservation in the Anthropocene era. In this research, the domestic cat is analyzed not as an invasive species but through a dual continuum of its independence from humans and its novelty as a predator, to deepen these phenomena on solid ecological grounds

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Kriaučeliūnaitė, Kristina. "Makrofaunos (Lumbricidae) paplitimas agrofitocenozėse intensyvaus ūkininkavimo sąlygomis". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060607_164556-55484.

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In Magister work the spreading of macro fauna (Lumbricidae) in agrofitocenosis. Work object: research made in southwest Lithuania, Vilkaviškis region in the intensive agriculture farming in the hard granules ground. Aim of the work: to evaluate by field research southwest Lithuania hard granules soil macro fauna (Lumbricidae) spreading in agrofitocenosis depending on the kinds of growing plants, prior planting and hydrothermical regime. The methods of work: earthworm quantity was made digging 0,5 x 0,5m 2 and 0,25cm deep soil monolities and counting earthworms. By the research established that for earthworm quantity had influence growing plants, and their prior planting and hydrothermical regime. Most useful prior planting were barleys and long year grass. During research years between hydrothermical regime and earthworm number was defined strong and medium correlation relations.

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Chavy, Agathe Corinne. "Influence de l'environnement sur le cycle de transmission de la leishmaniose cutanée en Guyane, à multi-échelle spatiale Ecological niche modelling for predicting the risk of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Neotropical moist forest biome Identification of French Guiana sand flies using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry with a new mass spectra library « Regional scale ecological drivers of sandfly communities in French Guiana". Thesis, Guyane, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019YANE0013.

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Les cycles de transmission des maladies zoonotiques et les facteurs qui les influencent sont difficiles à déterminer, particulièrement lorsqu’ils sont dus à des agents pathogènes généralistes dépendant de plusieurs espèces hôtes et vectrices pour être transmis. De plus, perturbations anthropiques et changements climatiques exercent de fortes pressions sur les systèmes hôtes-pathogène-vecteurs pouvant modifier les cycles de transmission. Une approche globale à différentes échelles spatiales est alors nécessaire pour caractériser et quantifier l’importance relative de ses facteurs. Cette approche a été utilisée pour étudier l’écologie du cycle de transmission de la leishmaniose cutanée (LC) en Guyane, une maladie vectorielle sylvatique avec de multiples hôtes et vecteurs. Ce cycle, soumis à des pressions anthropiques grandissantes, a vu sa dynamique se modifier, ce qui a entrainé une augmentation du risque de transmission aux populations humaines. Dans cette thèse, nous avons étudié l’influence des facteurs environnementaux, climatiques et anthropiques, à l’échelle globale du biome amazonien et régionale de la Guyane sur la distribution des cas humains de LC, en utilisant des modèles de niches écologiques. Puis, grâce à l’utilisation du séquençage à haut débit et d’outils probabilistes, nous avons observé la réponse des communautés de vecteurs à une échelle régionale dans des sites forestiers soumis à différents degrés de perturbation. Enfin, nous avons contribué à l’amélioration de la gamme d’outils disponibles pour l’identification des phlébotomes en utilisant le MALDI-TOF MS. Cette thèse a permis d’améliorer les connaissances générales du cycle de la LC en Guyane
For many zoonotic diseases, transmission cycles remain difficult to determine, especially when they are due to generalist pathogens that can rely on several host and vector species to be transmitted. In addition, anthropogenic disturbances and climate change have strong impacts on ecosystems and can alter pathogen transmission cycles. Characterization and quantification of the relative importance of factors influencing host-pathogen-vector systems is then central for a global approach aiming to understand pathogen dynamics at different spatial scales. This approach has been used to study the ecology of the transmission cycle of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in French Guiana. This vector-born disease, mainly sylvatic and including multiple hosts and vectors, is influenced by strong anthropic pressures that modified the dynamics of the cycle and led to an increase in the risk of transmission to human populations. In this work, we first explored the influence of environmental, climatic and anthropic factors on the distribution of human cases of CL at the global scale of the Amazonian biome and at the regional scale of French Guiana, using ecological niche modelling, allowing building risk maps. Then we observed the responses of communities of sandflies and known vectors at the regional scale in forest sites facing different disturbance levels. This work was made possible using a metabarcoding approach with high throughput sequencing. Last, we contributed to the improvement of the range of tools available for the identification of sandflies using the MALDI-TOF MS. This thesis contributed to the improvement of the general knowledge of the CL cycle in French Guiana

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Schroeder, Gina. "Diversity investigations from the micro- to the macro-scale". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27918.

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Macroecology and experimental evolution are two disparate sub-disciplines with contrasting approaches to the study of biological diversity. First I use macroecology and the Global Invasive Species Database to determine the best predictors of diversity patterns of invasive species around the globe. I show that economic factors account for more of the variance in invasive species richness among countries than typical ecological variables used to explain broad-scale species diversity patterns. I then use a microecological approach in which experimental evolution is performed with the soil bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens to evaluate the idea that selection in environments varying in productivity will impact the degree of ecological specialization and maintenance of diversity. The results show that although ecological specialization increases with productivity, diversity does not. Both disciplines can be used to inform each other with the aim of explaining the abundance and distribution of species in nature through space and time.

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Coulibaly, Sekou Fanta Mady. "Effets des changements de pratiques agronomiques sur la diversité des vers de terre et collemboles- conséquences sur leurs fonctions associées". Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR005/document.

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Le sol est une des composantes essentielles au soutien du fonctionnement de l’écosystème. Il est lesupport de la production primaire, un habitat pour la diversité biologique et remplit de nombreux processus écologiques. Les activités anthropiques, et parmi elles, les pratiques agricoles intensives, ont conduit à des déséquilibres au sein du sol causant un fort déclin de leur biodiversité. En réponse à ces effets, de nouvelles pratiques agricoles ont été développées pour préserver les sols et les services écosystémiques qu’ils fournissent. Ces pratiques dites innovantes s’appuient principalement sur la réduction du travail du sol, une gestion intégrée des résidus de culture, l’installation d’un couvert végétal permanent ou encore l’introduction de légumineuses dans les rotations de culture. C’est dans ce contexte de mutation des pratiques agricoles que s’inscrit ce sujet de thèse qui vise à mieux comprendre les effets de l’adoption de ces gestions innovantes sur (i) la diversité des communautés de la macro- et de la mésofaune du sol et (ii) sur le fonctionnement du sol en termes de stockage ducarbone organique (source de nourriture de base), de structure du sol et de distribution de la taille des pores (milieu de vie). Au cours des différents chapitres de ce travail, nous avons mis en évidence trois actions liées à des pratiques agricoles innovantes combinant des approches expérimentales in et ex situ. L’objectif de la première action visait à étudier l’effet combiné de l’introduction de légumineuse (féverole) et de la réduction du travail du sol sur le compartiment endogé. Pour y répondre, nous avons développé une conception expérimentale empirique faite avec la combinaison des situations rencontrées dans les fermes. Nos résultats ont montré que l’interaction entre les deux pratiques innovantes n’a pas entrainé d'augmentation significative de la diversité de la faune du sol. Les fonctions microbiennes ainsi que la dynamique du carbone (C) et de l’azote (N) ne semblent pas non plus être affectées par ces pratiques. Il s’avère que les effets bénéfiques de ces pratiques innovantes ne peuvent être envisagés sans prendre en compte la manière dont elles sont mises en oeuvre à l’échelle des rotations culturales et des itinéraires techniques. Cela nous a permis de valoriser une seconde action dont l’objectif était de suivre dans les mêmes conditions pédoclimatiques et mêmes itinéraires techniques, l'effet à long terme (quatre ans) de cinq régimes de gestion différents sur les communautés de faune du sol. Les traitements comprenaient des combinaisons de différentes cultures (annuelles, vivaces), de différents taux de fertilisation azotée (ajout d'azote, azote réduit),incorporation ou élimination de résidus de culture et différentes intensités de labour (labour vs. travail superficiel). Les résultats ont montré que la réduction de l’intensité du travail du sol a favorisé la diversité des collemboles et ses groupes fonctionnels grâce à l’amélioration des conditions de l’habitat à travers l’augmentation de la biomasse microbienne de carbone (source trophique). Par ailleurs, les autres composantes de la gestion, soit la « réduction des apports d’azote » et la « restitution / exportation des résidus de culture», n’ont pas eu d’effet sur les collemboles (abondance et richesse), notamment sur ceux vivants dans le sol, qu'ils soient hémi ou euédaphiques. Toutefois, cette étude démontre que la dissemblance dans la composition des assemblages de collemboles augmente avec la différenciation temporelle des pratiques agricoles et le travail du sol est le premier facteur responsable de cette trajectoire. Cette assertion a donné lieu à une troisième action dont l’objectif était de suivre sur une saison de végétation la conversion de la perturbation mécanique résultant du travail du sol sur la résistance et résilience fonctionnelle des assemblages biotiques édaphiques
Soil is one of the essential components supporting the functioning of the ecosystem. It is the support of primary production; an habitat for biodiversity, and it fulfills many ecological processes. Human activities, including intensive agricultural practices, have led to impaired the soil causing a sharp decline in their biodiversity. In response to these effects, new agricultural practices have been developed to preserve the soils and the ecosystem services they provide. These so-called innovative practices rely mainly on the reduction of tillage, integrated management of crop residues, the installation of permanent plant cover or the introduction of legumes into crop rotations. It is in this context of changes in agricultural practices that this thesis topic lays. This thesis aims to better understand the effects of the adoption of these innovative management practices on (i) the diversity of the macro and mesofauna communities soil and (ii) soil functioning in terms of organic carbon storage (basic food source), soil structure and pore size distribution (living environment). During the different chapters of this work, we highlighted three actions related to innovative agricultural practices combining in situ and ex situ experimental approaches. The aim of the first action was to study the combined effect of the introduction of legume (faba bean) and the reduction of tillage on the endogenous compartment. To answer this question, we developed an empirical experimental design made with the combination of situations encountered on farms. Our results showed that theinteraction between the two innovative practices did not result in a significant increase in the diversity of soil fauna. Microbial functions and the dynamics of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) also do not seem to be affected by these practices. It turns out that the beneficial effects of these innovative practices cannot be considered without taking into account how they are implemented at the scale of crop rotations and technical itineraries. This allowed us to promote a second action whose objective was to follow, under the same pedoclimatic conditions and the same technical itineraries, the long-term effect (four years) of five different management regimes on the communities of soil fauna. Treatments included combinations of different crops, different rates of nitrogen fertilization, incorporation or removal of crop residues and different plowing intensities. The results showed that the reduction of tillage intensity favored the diversity of Collembola and its functional groups by improving habitatconditions through the increase of microbial carbon biomass (trophic source). In addition, the other components of management, namely the "reduction of nitrogen inputs" and the "restitution / export of crop residues", had no effect on springtails (abundance and wealth), in particular on those living in the soil, whether hemi or euedaphic. However, this study demonstrates that the dissimilarity in the composition of Collembola assemblages increases with the temporal differentiation of agricultural practices, and tillage was the main factor responsible for this trajectory

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Yguel, Benjamin. "Sortir de sa niche ancestrale : conséquences pour les interactions trophiques, le cas du chêne pédonculé et sessile". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00793651.

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Le conservatisme phylogénétique de niche se définit par la conservation, au cours du temps, de la niche écologique et des traits écologiques associés. Des espèces phylogénétiquement proches auront alors tendances à occuper des niches similaires, incluant des conditions abiotiques mais aussi des interactions biotiques similaires. Ainsi, un individu isolé phylogénétiquement de ses voisins, pourrait être considéré comme présent dans une nouvelle niche. Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés aux interactions trophiques des individus de plantes hôtes colonisant une nouvelle niche, représentée par un voisinage phylogénétiquement éloigné, à la différence des individus hôtes restant dans leur niche ancestrale. Nous avons étudié plus particulièrement le cas du chêne et de ses phytophages, de leurs ennemis naturels, et enfin, des ectomycorhizes du chêne. Nos résultats indiquent que l'isolement phylogénétique des chênes hôtes (i) diminue l'abondance des phytophages et leurs pressions sur le chêne, (ii) diminue la pression des ennemis spécialistes sur ces phytophages, (iii) augmente l'abondance et l'activité des ectomycorhizes du chêne. Ainsi, l'isolement phylogénétique du chêne modifie l'intensité et la nature des interactions biotiques tout au long de la chaîne trophique à laquelle il appartient. Plus généralement, nos résultats permettent de discuter dans quelles situations une sortie de niche sera favorisée et dans quelles situations, une sortie de niche sera contrariée. Ces résultats suggèrent que les chênes phylogénétiquement isolés, mais aussi leurs phytophages et leurs mycorhizes, subissent des pressions de sélection particulières qui pourraient être à l'origine d'une différentiation évolutive à long terme.

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Bigsby, Ewan. "The interactions between the macro-invertebrates, fish and diving ducks of Lough Neagh, Northern Ireland". Thesis, University of Ulster, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.232855.

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Książki na temat "Macro-Ecology"

Hazra, A. K. Ecology of subterrenean macro and micro arthropod fauna in different degraded and polluted soil environment of West Bengal, India. Calcutta: Zoological Survey of India, 1990.

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Raj, P. J. Sanjeeva. Macro fauna of Pulicat Lake. Chennai: National Biodiversity Authority, 2006.

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Anitha, G. Hydrography in relation to benthic macro-invertebrates in Mir-Alam lake Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh. Kolkata: Zoological Survey of India, 2005.

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Service, United States Forest, i United States. Bureau of Land Management, red. Macro what?: National Aquatic Ecosystem Monitoring Center Macroinvertebrate Program. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, 1994.

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Long, Dennis D. Macro systems in the social environment. Itasca, Ill: F.E. Peacock Publishers, 1997.

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Wormer, Katherine S. Van. Human behavior and the social environment, macro level: Groups, communities, and organizations. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.

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Carter, Gloria. The macro-mycoflora of natural and semi-natural grasslands in Ireland. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1998.

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1950-, Jarrett Alfred Abioseh, red. The impact of macro social systems on ethnic minorities in the United States. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 2000.

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Kirst-Ashman, Karen Kay. Human behavior, communities, organizations, and groups in the macro social environment: An empowerment approach. Australia: Wadsworth/Brooks/Cole, 2000.

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McCann, Kevin S., i Gabriel Gellner, red. Theoretical Ecology. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824282.001.0001.

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This book continues the authoritative and established edited series of theoretical ecology books initiated by Robert May which helped pave the way for ecology to become a more robust theoretical science, encouraging the modern biologist to better understand the mathematics behind their theories. This latest instalment in the Theoretical Ecology series builds on the legacy of its predecessors with a completely new set of contributions. Rather than placing emphasis on the historical ideas in theoretical ecology, the editors have encouraged each contribution to: i) synthesize historical theoretical ideas within modern frameworks that have emerged in the last ten to twenty years (e.g., bridging population interactions to whole food webs); ii) describe novel theory that has emerged in the last twenty years from historical empirical areas (e.g., macro-ecology); and iii) cover the booming area of theoretical ecological applications (e.g., disease theory and global change theory). The result is a forward-looking synthesis that will help guide the field through a further decade of development and discovery.

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Części książek na temat "Macro-Ecology"

Gregory, Amanda. "Ecology and Evaluation: The Macro-Quality Perspective". W Systems Science, 137–42. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2862-3_24.

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Cevasco, Roberta, i Diego Moreno. "Sulla geograficità della ecologia storica: contributi di Massimo Quaini". W Il pensiero critico fra geografia e scienza del territorio, 245–58. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-322-2.17.

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The paper identifies the main contributions of Massimo Quaini to the problems of historical ecology in its South-European developments and to the definition of geographic-historical microanalysis within geography. It is on this ground that the work of the naturalists/ecologists has most dialogued with his geographical epistemology, starting from the dissatisfaction with the macro-categories of the global scale, the decontextualization of geographic facts and the problems of the “second biologization of the environment”, and drawing new perspectives for geographical action starting from the interpretation of rural and historical-environmental heritage.

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Korthals, Michiel. "Humanity in the Living, the Living in Humans". W The International Library of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Ethics, 141–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63523-7_8.

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AbstractRecent studies in biology, ecology, and medicine make it clear that relationships between living organisms are complex and comprise different forms of collaboration and communication in particular in getting food. It turns even out that relations of collaboration and valuing are more important than those of aggression and predation. I will outline the ways organisms select and value specific items in their network of living and non-living entities. No organism eats everything; all organisms prefer certain foods, companions, and habitats. Relations between organisms are established on the basis of communication, exchange of signs, actions and goods, through mutual learning processes on all levels of life. Micro, meso and macro organisms participate in this process of valuing and communication. Animals and plants therefore show features that were traditionally attributed only to humans, like selfless assistance. The usual distinction between humans and other living beings on the basis of human’s sensitivity for altruism, language and values crumbles down due to the circumstance that also non-human living beings are prone to selfless assistance, communication and valuing.

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Khan, Syed Abdul Rehman, Muhammad Jawad Sajid i Yu Zhang. "Nexuses Between Technological Innovations, Macro-environmental and Economic Factors". W Industrial Ecology, 87–98. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6384-3_7.

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Plekhanova, Yulia Victorovna, Sergei Evgenyevich Tarasov, Anna Evgenievna Kitova, Mikhail Alexandrovich Gutorov i Anatoly Nikolaevich Reshetilov. "Self-Powered Biosensors in Medicine and Ecology". W Macro, Micro, and Nano-Biosensors, 383–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55490-3_19.

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Kazarinov, Ivan Alexeevich, i Mariia Olegovna Meshcheryakova. "Biological Fuel Cells: Applications in Health and Ecology". W Macro, Micro, and Nano-Biosensors, 327–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55490-3_17.

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Spinage, Clive A. "Epidemic Disease in African History I: Micro and Macro Parasites, Zoonoses, Introduction, Viral and Protozoal Diseases". W African Ecology, 1191–228. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22872-8_25.

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Ampe, Frederic, i Jacques Batut. "Section 8 update: Macro-arrays protocols for gene expression studies in bacteria". W Molecular Microbial Ecology Manual, 3623–43. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2177-0_810.

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Fort, Hugo. "Developing Quantitative Methods in Community Ecology: Predicting Species Abundances from Qualitative Web Interaction Data". W Formal Methods in Macro-Biology, 23–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10398-3_2.

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Wurst, Susanne, Ilja Sonnemann i Johann G. Zaller. "Soil Macro-Invertebrates: Their Impact on Plants and Associated Aboveground Communities in Temperate Regions". W Aboveground–Belowground Community Ecology, 175–200. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91614-9_8.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Macro-Ecology"

Huang, Lei Chang, Cong He Peng, Shan Hua Bi, Shan Shan Cong, Sai Fei Li, Lin Wang, Yu Li i Xiao Yu Jia. "Study on the Construction of Ecological Control Technology Model Based on the Protection and Utilization of Coastal Landscape in the Bohai Bay Rim". W 9th Annual International Workshop on Materials Science and Engineering. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-vkc3ok.

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Coastal zone has become an advantageous resources and research hotspot needed for human development due to its diverse biology, abundant resources, beautiful landscape and remarkable location. Faced with ecological problems such as sketchy utilization, excessive intensity, environment and landscape; The research is scattered and partial, lacking of functional positioning and the management is chaotic. The coastal zone around Bohai Bay is a typical representative of the coastal belt landscape in the north temperate zone of China. It also faces the same problem, and the topic selection is urgent and necessary. Based on the integrity of ecosystem, this paper analyzes the key problems and builds an ecological control technology system for the protection and utilization of the Coastal Zone landscape around the Bohai Bay based on the macro, meso and micro scales: that is, the macro ecological control technology based on the planning of shoreline national parks, the meso land and sea overall planning and comprehensive elastic management ecological control technology based on artificial ecosystem ecology and social ecosystem, and the ecological barrier, functional zoning, diagnostic evaluation Micro integrated ecological control technology such as ecological engineering. Lay a foundation for the protection and utilization of coastal zone landscape.

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Vadasz, Peter, i Alisa S. Vadasz. "Impact of Metabolic Mass Transfer on Monotonic Growth of Micro-Organisms". W ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59569.

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A proposed Neoclassical growth theory of micro-organisms is shown to apply in a much wider variety of cases, from micro-level organisms via animal and human cell growth and up to the macro-level populations encountered in ecology. Including the metabolic mass transfer effects, that are an essential ingredient of the Neoclassical Theory, allows for the recovery of substantial and distinct phenomena observed experimentally. The proposed theory identifies the mechanism controlling the Lag phase, a result that holds impressive future potential in diverse applications. Different theoretical results are presented and compared with experimental data to substantiate the claim that the model based on the Neoclassical Growth Theory is the only available model that produces results, which are consistent with all experimental evidence.

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Vadasz, Peter, i Alisa S. Vadasz. "Metabolic Mass Transfer Effect in Monotonic and Non-Monotonic Growth of Micro-Organisms". W ASME 2003 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2003-47373.

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Januszkiewicz, K., i J. Gołębiewski. "Parametric Green Footbridges in Urban Space. a new Approach to Design Environment-friendly Structures". W IABSE Symposium, Wroclaw 2020: Synergy of Culture and Civil Engineering – History and Challenges. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/wroclaw.2020.0372.

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<p>In the 21st century, digital design tools, which are interfaced with the CNC technology, have opened the new opportunities that not only are shaping structural objects, but also interfering with the urban tissue. The first part of the paper defines the main features of the “green” approach to the built environment. Selected examples illustrate diverse approaches to designing footbridges, and what combines them is the use of digital tools, especially the topological and analytical ones, in shaping and constructing parametric forms. The second part presents how structural engineers and architects can develop a new framework for the urban design by correlating digital morphogenesis and ecology. This integrated “morpho-ecological” approach has resulted in a new kind of eco-friendly bridges, based on the modulation of micro-environmental conditions within an emergent macro-environmental system. The conducted research has presented alternative ideas of efficiency and sustainability.</p>

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Rajić, Višnja, Marina Diković i Morana Koludrović. "Do We Equip Teachers to Deal with Global Crisis? Case of Initial Teacher Education in the Republic of Croatia". W 79th International Scientific Conference of University of Latvia. University of Latvia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/htqe.2021.62.

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Traditional teacher education focused on crisis teaching, crisis prevention and crisis management at the internal and external level changes require education to react to factors and contexts at meso and macro level. The aim of the research was to determine whether the learning outcomes of initial teacher education that prepare future teachers to deal with crises at meso level and macro level can be identified. Also, research aimed to identified learning outcomes with respect to the type of crisis they address and the level of revised Bloom’s taxonomy (Anderson & Kratwohl, 2001). Content analysis of initial teacher education curriculums on a national sample of the Republic of Croatia was conducted. Curricular content analysis identified learning outcomes in a broad field of society, education, ecology, technology, but there are no learning outcomes related to economy. Most learning outcomes in the area of crises in society were at the level of evaluation (27,3%), as well as the learning outcomes in the area of crisis in education (34%). Since there is no national standard for teacher education, significant differences were found in the scope and number of learning outcomes according to the year of study as well as the university. Given the results of this research, it is necessary to revise initial teacher education curriculums and develop lifelong learning programs that would provide future teachers with the development of competencies necessary to act in various situations of crisis.

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Susanto, Putu Chris, Ni Made Diana Erfiani, I. Putu Darmawijaya, Putu Indah Lestari i I. Gede Ngurah Wira Pratama. "Designing a Youth Environmental Stewardship Educational Program by Adopting Logical Framework Approach in Catur Village, Kintamani, Bali". W 3rd International Conference on Community Engagement and Education for Sustainable Development. AIJR Publisher, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.151.41.

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Universitas Dhyana Pura (Undhira) has been involved in various research and community empowerment projects in Catur Village, Kintamani, Bangli, Bali. However, no projects in Catur Village have specifically reached the village youths until 2020. Hence, this article discusses developing an empowerment project called the Youth Environmental Stewardship program in Catur Village (YES Catur). Using the Logical Framework Approach (LFA), the authors describe the underlying problem the village youths face, such as a lack of self-efficacy and awareness of micro and macro-environmental issues facing them and their generation. Furthermore, the LFA became the overarching goal of empowering the youths through an environmental stewardship education program, encouraging positive self-view and worldview, the resources and activities designed to engage them, and the intended outputs and outcomes from the project. From this pilot project, the youths are expected to realize their true potential as they appreciate the great natural potential in their village, especially in ecology. They were encouraged to take on active roles in environmental stewardship (including eco-entrepreneurship and circular economy). Finally, they can share about themselves and their village through storytelling and photography to showcase their potential and share about sustainability issues.

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Qi, Huimin. "Analysis on Integration Path of Urban and Rural Industries Based on Economic Data Model. A Case Study of Strategy Planning of Taiyuan Rural Revitalization". W 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/jubr5968.

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In the background of ongoing urbanization in China and prominent “dualistic” contradiction between urban and rural areas, rural revitalization is extremely urgent. Currently, common problems concerning industry, ecology and humanities exist in rural areas. This paper attempts to figure out the causes for differences in industrial development in rural areas on the basis of macro data analysis and industrial spatial distribution. Given the lack of quantitative analysis of the relationship between urban and rural development and industrial structure, this paper adopts SPSS statistical software to conduct regression analysis on the statistical data of Taiyuan City in the past ten years. Based on the relationship between industrial proportion and urban-rural income ratio, this paper proposes how the adjustment of urban industrial structure promotes the industrial development in surrounding rural areas and the narrowing of urban-rural income gap. From the perspective of rural industry undertaking or complementation with urban industry, this paper then puts forward the idea of undertaking the transfer industry within the scope of ensuring the aggregation effect of the city center and the carrying capacity of the ecological environment, proposing an industrial development path from agriculture to processing industry and then to culture, tourism and recreation industry for the villages in Taiyuan.

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Varlakov, Andrey P., Konstantin M. Efimov, Valeri N. Tchernonojkine, Aleksandr S. Barinov i Olga A. Gorbunova. "Application of the Dry Polyfunctional Additives at Radioactive Waste Cementation". W ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4922.

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One of the known methods directed to improving of the technological cementation process, the increasing quality of a cement compound and degree of radioactive waste incorporating into a final product, is use of the various additives to a cement compound. At present there are technological processes where one or two additives in a dry loose or liquid condition in quantity of 1–10% are used. The application of these additives is directed, as a rule, to improving of one or two properties of a cement compound. The magnification of a quantity of the additives and use of them in a different aggregation state is connected with rise in the cost of the technological process. At Institute of Ecology and Technology Problems and Moscow SIA “Radon” the polyfunctional modifying additives representing dry mixtures of original macro- and microadditives to cement have been developed. The polyfunctional additive is introduced by traditional, reliable and inexpensive equipment directly into liquid radioactive waste and intermixed together with the rest of cement. The quantity of additive varies from 5 up to 20% of cement weight. The additives considerably improve all regulated properties of a cement compound (compressive strength, radionuclides leaching, frost resistance, biological resistance, etc.) and allow modifying the required properties (penetrating ability, viability, disintegration, terms of setting, viscosity etc.). Such additives are used both at cementation of solid radioactive waste and cementation of liquid radioactive waste having a complicated chemical composition, for example, containing simultaneously boric acid, sulphates and great quantity of organic compounds. It is important, that the components of the additives did not change the action in a mixture with other ones. In the report the compositions of the polyfunctional additives developed for various waste and technological processes, their properties and results of practical application are represented.

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Al-Dawoodi, Maryam Hussein Ali, i Asmaa M. H. Al-Moqaram. "Space occupancy programming using excel macro: Office buildings in Iraq as a case study". W TRANSPORT, ECOLOGY, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: EKO VARNA 2023. AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0191696.

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Vigneri-Beane, Jason. "Sympoietic Structures: Enfolding Ecological Inputs into Core-Studio Curricula". W 2021 ACSA Teachers Conference. ACSA Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.teach.2021.4.

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This paper explores environmental morphology in the first-year design studio pedagogy with an interest in proposing new fundamentals based on sympoiesis and the enfolding of ecological inputs into design processes. This pedagogical research acknowledges the influential history of disciplinary autonomy on first-year design curricula and attempts to open that history to a pedagogical future wherein multi-modal, multi-disciplinary ecological inputs become integrated driv¬ers for both form and organization. First-year design curricula are often driven by abstraction, internal logics, formal processes and a general tendency toward the autonomous aspects of architecture as a dis¬cipline. While these features of the first-year studio are catalytic they increasingly beg partnerships with inter- or extra-disciplinary operations in order to engage external worlds and environmental agencies. Looking across works on biology and ecology by Maturana and Varela, Margulis, Dempster and Haraway one finds a parallel discussion of autonomy and inclusiveness in the form of autopoiesis and sympoiesis. While autopoiesis describes closed systems and self-making, sympoiesis describes open systems and making-together. Interestingly, these autonomous and inclusive forms of making are not mutually exclusive but, as Haraway suggests, autopoietic and sympoietic processes can be mutually reinforcing and nested within each other. Learning from this discourse, Sympoietic Structures looks at multi-phase project strategies wherein first-year students can use different environmental drivers to condition form at the meso-scale of architectural bodies and the macro-scale collective organization of those bodies. These first-year strategies involve defining relationships between environmental drivers and scales of operation. In addition, they involve creative ways by which environmental driv¬ers can be parametricized in order to create process-based architectural entities that are serial and morphologically spe-cific. Serialization allows first-year students to iterate, test and evaluate form and performance while morphological specificity helps them learn about feedback loops between process inputs and spatio-formal outcomes.

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