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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Lycaenidae”

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Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 19 lutego 2023

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1

Fiedler, Konrad. "The ant associates of Lycaenidae butterfly caterpillars – revisited". Nota Lepidopterologica 44 (8.09.2021): 159–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.44.68993.

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Based on a global compilation of data on ant associates of 523 Lycaenidae species, a synthesis is attempted as to which ants participate in these interactions. Ants from 63 genera have thus far been observed as visitors of facultative myrmecophiles or as hosts of obligate myrmecophiles among the Lycaenidae. Over 98% of records come from nectarivorous and trophobiotic ants in just three subfamilies, viz. Formicinae, Myrmicinae and Dolichoderinae, with the genera Crematogaster and Camponotus occupying the top ranks. Accumulation analysis suggests that rather few ant genera remain to be added to the list of associates. The representation of ant genera as attendants of lycaenid immatures is related to their global species richness, but with some notable exceptions. Ants that form ecologically dominant, large, long-lived colonies are over-represented as hosts of obligate myrmecophiles. The taxonomic diversity of lycaenid-ant associations is highest in the Oriental and Australian region, and lowest in the Neotropical and Afrotropical region. Among tropical African lycaenids, this is due to two butterfly lineages (genus Lepidochrysops and subfamily Aphnaeinae) that have massively radiated in the Neogene, but mostly maintaining their general affiliations with either Camponotus or Crematogaster ants, respectively. Many tropical and subtropical lycaenids nowadays form associations also with invasive alien tramp ants, giving rise to novel mutualistic interactions.

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2

Schär, Sämi, Rodney Eastwood, Kimberly G. Arnaldi, Gerard Talavera, Zofia A. Kaliszewska, John H. Boyle, Marianne Espeland, David R. Nash, Roger Vila i Naomi E. Pierce. "Ecological specialization is associated with genetic structure in the ant-associated butterfly family Lycaenidae". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, nr 1886 (12.09.2018): 20181158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1158.

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The role of specialization in diversification can be explored along two geological axes in the butterfly family Lycaenidae. In addition to variation in host-plant specialization normally exhibited by butterflies, the caterpillars of most Lycaenidae have symbioses with ants ranging from no interactions through to obligate and specific associations, increasing niche dimensionality in ant-associated taxa. Based on mitochondrial sequences from 8282 specimens from 967 species and 249 genera, we show that the degree of ecological specialization of lycaenid species is positively correlated with genetic divergence, haplotype diversity and an increase in isolation by distance. Nucleotide substitution rate is higher in carnivorous than phytophagous lycaenids. The effects documented here for both micro- and macroevolutionary processes could result from increased spatial segregation as a consequence of reduced connectivity in specialists, niche-based divergence or a combination of both. They could also provide an explanation for the extraordinary diversity of the Lycaenidae and, more generally, for diversity in groups of organisms with similar multi-dimensional ecological specialization.

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3

Fiedler, Konrad. "The Host Genera of Ant-Parasitic Lycaenidae Butterflies: A Review". Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/153975.

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Numerous butterfly species in the family Lycaenidae maintain myrmecophilous associations with trophobiotic ants, but only a minority of ant-associated butterflies are parasites of ants.Camponotus,Crematogaster,Myrmica, andOecophyllaare the most frequently parasitized ant genera. The distribution of ant-parasitic representatives of the Lycaenidae suggests that onlyCamponotusandCrematogasterhave multiply been invaded as hosts by different independent butterfly lineages. A general linear model reveals that the number of associated nonparasitic lycaenid butterfly species is the single best predictor of the frequency of parasitic interactions to occur within an ant genus. Neither species richness of invaded ant genera nor their ecological prevalence or geographical distribution contributed significantly to that model. Some large and dominant ant genera, which comprise important visitors of ant-mutualistic lycaenids, have no (Formica,Dolichoderus) or very few ant-parasitic butterflies (Lasius,Polyrhachis) associated with them.

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4

Staude, Hermann S., Marion Maclean, Silvia Mecenero, Rudolph J. Pretorius, Rolf G. Oberprieler, Simon Van Noort, Allison Sharp i in. "Papilionoidea: Lycaenidae: Aphnaeinae, Lycaeninae, Miletinae, Polyommatinae, Poritiinae, Theclinae". Metamorphosis 31, nr 3 (24.03.2022): 318–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/met.v31i3.25.

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EXPLANATION OF THE MASTER LISTSThere are 28 master lists, grouped as convenient taxon groups and split in such a way as to make each list individually downloadable but form an integral part of the main article. Citations to these master lists should be as indicated for the main article. Each master list contains a table that is made up of eight columns and each row represents information on one rearing record. For each master list, the rearing records are ordered under family, subfamily and sometimes tribe headings (in some cases we offer a superfamily instead of a family name where we were uncertain of the family placement). The records are ordered by family, subfamily, species and then rearer name. Explanation of the information contained in each column is as follows:Ref. no. This column contains references to a unique rearing number that links the notes, photographs and reared specimens gathered during the course of the rearing. A blank field indicate that there was no reference number submitted.Lepidoptera species. This column contains the best identification that could be made of the Lepidoptera taxon at the time of publication given the resources available. The name of the taxon specialist who identified the species (if not an author) is given in brackets. A blank cell means that we were unable to identify the taxon with some certainty.Host species (Family). This columns contain the best identifications that could be made of the host species, on which the caterpillar was feeding, at the time of publication given the resources available. A blank cell means that we were unable to identify the plant species to that level with some certainty or that feeding by the caterpillar was not confirmed. In the majority of cases the host indicated is the host on which the life stage was collected in the wild and on which the caterpillar fed subsequently. In cases where the host was presented to the larva in captivity, this is indicated. Where relevant, the name of the determiner is given in brackets. The host family name is given at the end in brackets. The phrase “reared ab ovum” means that the pictured larva was reared from the egg, meaning that the entire life-history of the species (all larval instars) was recorded and documented. In most cases such larvae were reared from eggs laid by a female moth collected at a light but raised on a natural host-plant of the species (though not necessarily one occurring at the locality where the female was taken), in some cases such larvae were reared from eggs found laid on a host-plant in the wild, and in a few cases the larvae were reared on an unnatural (exotic) host-plant in captivity. Such imprecisions regarding host use are, however, also contained in records of field-collected larvae, as mature larvae sometimes feed on plants they will not take in the early instars but do switch to at a later stage, and many also naturally feed on exotic plants in the wild.Locality. This column contains a short standardised reference to the locality where the specimen used in the rearing was collected, be it any life stage or a female from which eggs were obtained. The locality field lists, in order, the locality description, followed by the closest town, province (where relevant) and then country.Date of collection (c), pupation (p), emergence (e). This column contains the dates as indicated, where available. Missing dates are indicated by a “?”.Rearer. This column contains the name(s) of the person(s) who conducted the rearing, who may or may not have been the person who collected the rearing material.Final instar larva. This column contains the photographs of the caterpillar of the species reared. In most cases they depict the final-instar larva and at the time it was still feeding, but in some cases they show the larva in the pre-pupation phase (usually on the ground) and in a few cases an earlier instar, where for some reason a photograph of the final instar was unavailable.Adult. This column contains photographs of the actual adult specimen reared from the caterpillar shown in the previous column. Photographs marked with * are not of the actual adult specimen which emerged from the imaged larva.

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5

Islam, MA, N. Parven, MS Islam i MA Bashar. "Butterfly abundance in relation to abiotic-biotic factors of forest ecosystem of the butterfly research park, Gazipur, Bangladesh". Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 41, nr 2 (13.05.2015): 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v41i2.23328.

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The pattern of butterfly abundance, their diversity with abiotic (temperature, humidity, rainfall, photoperiod) and biotic (plants) factors were studied in the Butterfly Research Park (BRP) at Bhawal National Park, Gazipur, Bangladesh. Total 2393 individuals per day comprising 44 species under 32 genera belonging to the families Danaidae, Nymphalidae, Pieridae, Papilionidae, Lycaenidae, Hesperiidae and Satyridae were recorded from January to December, 2012. The butterflies were more abundant in the months of May, November, December; and least abundant in August and September respectively. Danaidae showed a highest abundance over the other families. Hesperiidae and Pieridae were very common; Nymphalidae and Papilionidae were common; and Lycaenidae and Satyridae were few in number respectively. Papilionids, Pierids and Nymphalids were found highest in May and June. Danaids, Satyrids and Hesperiids were peak in November and Lycaenids in April. Danaids and Papilionids were lowest in August; Hesperiids and Satyrids in March; Nymphalids, Pierids and Lycaenids were in September, October and December respectively.Bangladesh J. Zool. 41(2): 247-255, 2013

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6

Priyadarshana, Tharaka Sudesh, Ishara Harshajith Wijewardhane i Mithila Karunarathna. "A note on the distribution of two highly threatened butterflies in Sri Lanka (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Spindasis greeni and Rapala lankana), with a report on the range extension of S. greeni". Journal of Threatened Taxa 9, nr 11 (26.11.2017): 10971. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.3274.9.11.10971-10973.

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The distribution records of Sri Lankan butterflies belonging to the families Lycaenidae is far from complete. The present paper reports recent sightings of two highly threatened lycaenids, Rapala lankana (Malabar Flash) and Spindasis greeni (Green’s Silverline) from Adam’s Peak (Samanala Nature Reserve), Sri Lanka. In addition, the new locality of S. greeni at Adam’s Peak, Ratnapura, Sri Lanka denotes a range extension for the species.

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7

Duffey, Eric. "Butterflies: Lycaenidae". Biological Conservation 48, nr 3 (1989): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(89)90125-0.

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8

MUNGUIRA, MIGUEL L., JOSÉ MARTÍN, ENRIQUE GARCÍA-BARROS, GAYANEH SHAHBAZIAN i JUAN PABLO CANCELA. "Morphology and morphometry of Lycaenid eggs (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)". Zootaxa 3937, nr 2 (25.03.2015): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3937.2.1.

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Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Eduardo José Ely Silva i Lívia Leivas Marques. "Catálogo do acervo de borboletas (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) depositadas no Museu de História Natural da Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil." EntomoBrasilis 3, nr 3 (22.11.2010): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v3i3.71.

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O material de Papilionoidea (Lepidoptera) das Irmãs Figueiredo encontra-se depositado no Museu de História Natural da Universidade Católica de Pelotas possuindo 166 espécies distribuídas em Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae, Lycaenidae e Riodinidae. Registraram-se novas ocorrências de Lycaenidae e Riodinidae para a região fisiográfica da Encosta do Sudeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Catalog of the collection of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) deposited on Museu de História Natural from Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Abstract. The collection of Papilionoidea (Lepidoptera) from Irmãs Figueiredo is deposited on the Universidade Católica de Pelotas and have 166 species distributed in Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae, Lycaenidae and Riodinidae. There were registered first occurrence from Lycaenidae and Riodinidae to physiographic region Encosta do Sudeste from Rio Grande do Sul State.

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10

Osborn, F., i K. Jaffe. "Cooperation vs. exploitation: interactions between lycaenid (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) larvae and ants". Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 34, nr 1-4 (1997): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.266561.

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11

Tsvetkov, E. V. "Caucasian subspecies of Lycaenid butterfly Lycaena virgaureae (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)". Caucasian Entomological Bulletin 6, nr 1 (2010): 99–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.23885/1814-3326-2010-6-1-99-100.

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Stradomsky, B. V., S. Schröder i V. V. Tikhonov. "Identification of an enigmatic lycaenid specimen (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from Sumatra, Indonesia". Caucasian Entomological Bulletin 13, nr 2 (2017): 247–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.23885/1814-3326-2017-13-2-247-248.

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13

Cajé, Suianne Oliveira dos Santos, Jefferson Duarte de Melo, Erlande Lins da Silva i Iracilda Maria de Moura Lima. "First record of the association of a species of Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera) with Zornia latifolia Sm. (Fabaceae), and its parasitoid (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) in Brazil". EntomoBrasilis 13 (26.11.2020): e916. http://dx.doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v13.e916.

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The family Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera) comprises over 6,000 described and widely distributed species. However, studies on interactions with other insects such as ants, parasitoids, and with food plants in the Neotropical region, are still scarce, even though such information are fundamental for better understanding the natural history of this taxonomic group. This study reports a new food plant to larvae of Lycaenidae species in the neotropics, as well as its parasitoid. A Lycaenidae larva was found and collected for immature stage observation under laboratory conditions. The larva fed on petals and seeds of Zornia latifolia Sm. (Fabaceae). Nineteen days after pupation in laboratory a larvipupal parasitoid of the genus Conura (Chalcididae) had egressed. This is the first report of tritrophic relationship amongst Z. latifolia, a Lycaenidae larva and its larvipupal parasitoid of the genus Conura in a periurban area near remnants of the Atlantic Forest, in Northeastern Brazil.

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14

BALLMER, GREGORY R., i DAVID M. WRIGHT. "Life history and larval chaetotaxy of Ahmetia achaja (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Lycaeninae, Theclini, Cheritrina)". Zootaxa 1845, nr 1 (8.08.2008): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1845.1.3.

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Aspects of the life history of Ahmetia achaja (Fruhstorfer) and a description of the immature stages are presented. Larval chaetotaxy and morphological features of the eggs and pupae suggest a close phylogenetic relationship with some other members of the subtribe Cheritrina.

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KRUPITSKY, ANATOLY V. "On the type species of the genus Phoenicurusia Verity, 1943 (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Lycaeninae)". Zootaxa 4306, nr 1 (15.08.2017): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4306.1.9.

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The purpose of this study is to clarify the identity of the type species of the lycaenine genus Phoenicurusia Verity, 1943 so that the name can be used correctly in future taxonomic work. Phoenicurusia was originally typified by Polyommatus phoenicurus Lederer, 1870 which is currently treated as a member of the genus Athamanthia Zhdanko, 1983 (Bozano & Weidenhoffer 2001). However, the specimen examined and illustrated by Verity (1943) to diagnose the genus was an individual of Polyommatus phoenicurus var. margelanica Staudinger, 1881 currently treated as a distinct species. Consequently, Verity’s original typification was based on a misidentification. In order to make Phoenicurusia available, and taking in consideration differences in the male genitalia structure supporting distinct genera Phoenicurusia and Athamanthia, its type species is fixed under Article 70.3.2 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1999) as Polyommatus phoenicurus var. margelanica.

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Khyade, Vitthalrao Bhimasha, Rajani Shamsundar Pawar i Apurva Dhondiba Khilare. "Describtion of Lycaenidae Butterflies". International Academic Journal of Innovative Research 05, nr 02 (3.12.2018): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/iajir/v5i1/1810012.

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Bálint, Zsolt, i Stéphane Attal. "Nouveaux Podanotum (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae)". Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France 112, nr 4 (2007): 473–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bsef.2007.16468.

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Jeong, Su Yeon, Min Jee Kim, Sung-Soo Kim i Iksoo Kim. "Complete mitochondrial genome of the endangered Lycaenid butterfly Shijimiaeoides divina (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)". Mitochondrial DNA Part A 28, nr 2 (29.12.2015): 242–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19401736.2015.1115860.

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Chapman, T. A. "VII. An undescribed Lycaenid Butterfly from Cyprus, Glaucopsyche paphos, sp. n. (Lycaenidae)". Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 68, nr 1-2 (24.04.2009): 166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1920.tb00211.x.

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BALLETTO, EMILIO, i GIAN CRISTOFORO BOZANO. "The nomenclatural status of Phoenicurusia Verity, 1943 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Lycaeninae)". Zootaxa 4878, nr 2 (13.11.2020): 397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4878.2.13.

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Roger (Ruggero) Verity published Phoenicurusia as a subgenus of Lycaena Fabricius, on p. 21 of vol. 2 of Farfalle Diurne d’Italia (1943), since in the male genitalia the falces were bent like an acute elbow after one-quarter of their length, rather than smoothly curved as they are in species of the subgenus Lycaena. Verity contextually designated Polyommatus phoenicurus Lederer, 1870 (Locus Typicus: [LT] ‘Hadschyabad’ [N. Iran]) as the Type Species [TS] of Phoenicurusia and described the male genitalia of phoenicurus Lederer, 1870, “razza” scintillans Christoph, 1887, labelled as from Germab (Askhabad [Turkmenistan]), and those of Polyommatus dimorphus Staudinger, 1881, labelled as from Passo Taldyk [Kyrgyzstan: Alai Mts]. Although Verity included both species in his new subgenus, he also highlighted an important difference existing between them, since, contrary to those of dimorphus, the genitalia of phoenicurus were ‘enormous’ with respect to the size of the butterfly. Both the aedeagus and the valvae were extremely elongate, much more than those of dimorphus and the latter were terminally toothed.

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21

Takeuchi, Tsuyoshi. "Early comers occupy popular territories in a lycaenid butterfly,Chrysozephyrus smaragdinus(Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)". Entomological Science 19, nr 1 (styczeń 2016): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ens.12166.

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Fiedler, Konrad, i Ulrich Maschwitz. "Functional Analysis of the Myrmecophilous Relationships between Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Lycaenids (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)". Ethology 80, nr 1-4 (26.04.2010): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1989.tb00730.x.

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Fiedler, Konrad, i Ulrich Maschwitz. "Functional analysis of the myrmecophilous relationships between ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and lycaenids (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)". Oecologia 75, nr 2 (marzec 1988): 204–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00378598.

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Sáfián, Szabolcs. "Iridana languyi sp. nov., a new Liptenine lycaenid species from Liberia (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Poritiinae, Liptenini)". Annales Musei historico-naturalis hungarici 113 (2021): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.53019/annlsmushistnathung.2021.113.83.

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Capture of the first female in the Nimba Mountains, Liberia reveals new identity to an Iridana Aurivillius, 1920 species (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Poritiinae), previously identified from the male as I. agneshorvathae Collins, Larsen & Sáfián, 2008. The male and the matching female represent an undescribed species and is named as I. languyi sp. nov. The newly described species is known only from the upland forest zone of two mountainous areas in Liberia. With 27 figures.

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25

Callaghan, Curtis J. "Notes on the biology of a myrmecophilous african Lycaenid, Aphnaeus adamsi Stempffer (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae)". Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France 97, nr 4 (1992): 339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bsef.1992.17825.

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Shihan, Tahsinur Rahman. "Butterfly diversity (Lepidoptera: Rhophalocera) associated with nectar feeding on Ziziphus mauritiana Lamarck (Rosales: Rhamnaceae) flowers in Chuadanga, Bangladesh". Journal of Threatened Taxa 9, nr 4 (26.04.2017): 10109. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2515.9.4.10109-10114.

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A study was conducted during the flowering season of Ziziphus mauritiana from September 2015 to October 2015 in Belgachi Railgate Para, Chuadanga, Bangladesh. The study recorded 265 individuals of 39 butterfly species belonging to five families and 32 genera nectar feeding on Z. mauritiana flowers. Amongst the families, Lycaenidae was dominant with 33.33% (n=13). Amongst the species Parnara bada (Moore, 1878) (Hesperiidae) was the most dominant species followed by Ypthima baldus (Fabricius, 1775) (Nymphalidae). Virachola isocrates (Fabricius, 1793) (Lycaenidae) spent the maximum time (60–120 sec) nectar feeding on Z. mauritiana amongst the 39 species sampled.

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Yakovlev, Roman V., i Valentin V. Rudoj. "New records of Papilionoidea (Lepidoptera) in Western Mongolia". Entomologist's Gazette 69, nr 2 (28.04.2018): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31184/g00138894.692.1662.

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Shuey, J. A., i J. W. Peacock. "A bilateral gynandromorph Celastrina ebenina (Lycaenidae)". Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 24, nr 2 (1985): 195–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.266785.

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Mattoni, Rudolf H. T. "Three intersubfamilial matings in nature (Lycaenidae)". Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 24, nr 1 (1985): 86–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.266774.

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С. Г., Рудых, i Гордеев С. Ю. "NORDMANNIA LATIOR (LEPIDOPTERA, LYCAENIDAE) В БУРЯТИИ". Вестник Бурятского государственного университета. Биология, география 92 (2018): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18101/2587-7143-2018-2-76-79.

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Corbet, A. Steven. "THE GENERA OF LYCAENOPSINI (LEPIDOPTERA: LYCAENIDAE)". Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Series B, Taxonomy 5, nr 10 (18.03.2009): 185–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1936.tb01307.x.

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Corbet, A. Steven. "REVISIONAL NOTES ON ORIENTAL LYCAENIDAE: I." Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Series B, Taxonomy 17, nr 7-8 (18.03.2009): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1948.tb00892.x.

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Corbet, A. Steven. "REVISIONAL NOTES ON ORIENTAL LYCAENIDAE: II." Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Series B, Taxonomy 17, nr 7-8 (18.03.2009): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1948.tb00893.x.

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Riley, N. D. "SPOLIA MENTAWIENSIA: RHOPALOCERA, LYCAENIDAE AND RIODINIDAE". Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 94, nr 2 (24.04.2009): 247–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1944.tb01219.x.

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Vane-Wright, R. I., R. De Jong i P. R. Ackery. "The higher classification of butterflies (Lepidoptera): problems and prospects". Insect Systematics & Evolution 27, nr 1 (1996): 65–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187631296x00205.

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AbstractProgress in understanding the higher classification of butterflies has not kept pace with increase in the number of described species. Important points of uncertainty or contention include, apart from ranking problems, monophyly of Papilionoidea plus Hesperioidea, their relationship with other Lepidoptera in general and the Hedyloidea in particular, the question of the sister group of the Pieridae (either Papilionidae, or Lycaenidae + Nymphalidae), and the division of families into subfamilies. Traditional groupings are discussed and compared with the results of a cladistic analysis using 103 characters and 74 species (59 butterflies and 15 moths). The cladistic analysis supports a number of currently held views about butterfly classification, such as monophyly of five major family groupings (Hesperiidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae and Nymphalidae) and suggests sister group relationships between Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea, and Pieridae and (Lycaenidae + Nymphalidae). Most traditional subfamilies, however, are not supported on the basis of the data set used but the Riodininae, which always appeared as a monophyletic, subordinate group within the Lycaenidae, are a notable exception. Further, the analysis suggests that, contrary to traditional ideas, the Parnassiinae, not Baroniinae, are sister to the remainder of the Papilionidae, Pseudopontiinae are internal to (Pierinae + Coliadinae), Dismorphiinae are sister to all other Pieridae, and that Liptena, Poritia and Miletus represent the closest relatives of the Riodininae. The data set is not well suited for an assessment of the position of the butterflies amongst other Lepidoptera. Nevertheless, of the moths used, Macrosoma (Hedylidae, Hedyloidea) and Urania (Uraniidae, Geometroidea) appear to be the closest relatives of the butterflies. With regard to the higher classification of the butterflies many problems thus remain, and several ways to tackle these are discussed. The need for some form of international co-operation between fieldworkers, comparative morphologists and molecular systematists is stressed.

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Wahlberg, Niklas, Michael F. Braby, Andrew V. Z. Brower, Rienk de Jong, Ming-Min Lee, Sören Nylin, Naomi E. Pierce i in. "Synergistic effects of combining morphological and molecular data in resolving the phylogeny of butterflies and skippers". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 272, nr 1572 (11.07.2005): 1577–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3124.

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Phylogenetic relationships among major clades of butterflies and skippers have long been controversial, with no general consensus even today. Such lack of resolution is a substantial impediment to using the otherwise well studied butterflies as a model group in biology. Here we report the results of a combined analysis of DNA sequences from three genes and a morphological data matrix for 57 taxa (3258 characters, 1290 parsimony informative) representing all major lineages from the three putative butterfly super-families (Hedyloidea, Hesperioidea and Papilionoidea), plus out-groups representing other ditrysian Lepidoptera families. Recently, the utility of morphological data as a source of phylogenetic evidence has been debated. We present the first well supported phylogenetic hypothesis for the butterflies and skippers based on a total-evidence analysis of both traditional morphological characters and new molecular characters from three gene regions ( COI , EF-1α and wingless ). All four data partitions show substantial hidden support for the deeper nodes, which emerges only in a combined analysis in which the addition of morphological data plays a crucial role. With the exception of Nymphalidae, the traditionally recognized families are found to be strongly supported monophyletic clades with the following relationships: (Hesperiidae+(Papilionidae+(Pieridae+(Nymphalidae+(Lycaenidae+Riodinidae))))). Nymphalidae is recovered as a monophyletic clade but this clade does not have strong support. Lycaenidae and Riodinidae are sister groups with strong support and we suggest that the latter be given family rank. The position of Pieridae as the sister taxon to nymphalids, lycaenids and riodinids is supported by morphology and the EF-1α data but conflicted by the COI and wingless data. Hedylidae are more likely to be related to butterflies and skippers than geometrid moths and appear to be the sister group to Papilionoidea+Hesperioidea.

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Faynel, Christophe, i Robert K. Robbins. "Cunoniaceae, nuevo registro de familia de plantas hospederas para los géneros altoandinos Penaincisalia y Micandra (Lycaenidae: Theclinae: Eumaeini)". Revista Peruana de Biología 29, nr 3 (28.08.2022): e23216. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v29i3.23216.

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Orugas de dos especies altoandinas de Eumaeini (Lycaenidae: Theclinae) fueron halladas consumiendo hojas de Weinmannia crassifolia Ruiz & Pav., 1802 (Cunoniaceae). La colecta se realizó usando la técnica de colecta por golpeo. Esta familia de plantas es registrada por primera vez como planta alimenticia de los Eumaeini. Aunque no pudimos completar la crianza, las especies de Lycaenidae fueron identificadas mediante sus códigos de barra de ADN. Las orugas de Penaincisalia purpurea (K. Johnson, 1992) y Micandra dignota (Draudt, 1919) se describen e ilustran por primera vez. También se presentan datos sobre su ecología y relaciones con especies similares. Una tercera especie, registrada en estadio pupal en la misma planta de W. crassifolia fue un Nymphalidae, Perisama diotima (Hewitson, 1852).

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TSHIKOLOVETS, VADIM. "New taxa and new records of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Pieridae, Lycaenidae, Nymphalidae) from Afghanistan". Zootaxa 4358, nr 1 (28.11.2017): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.4.

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Three new species Karanasa naumanni sp. nov., K. pardesi sp. nov. and K. pseudopamira sp. nov. (Nymphalidae), two new subspecies Karanasa pamira biocellata subsp. nov. (Nymphalidae) and Plebejus (Afarsia) sieversii albolunulatus subsp. nov. (Lycaenidae) are described from Afghanistan. First occurrence records for this country are presented for 26 species: one species of Pieridae (Colias thisoa), fifteen species of Lycaenidae (Deudoryx epijarbas, Everes dipora, Glaucopsyche charybdis, Hyrcanana evansii, Iolana gigantea, Lycaena kasyapa, Plebejus ferganus, Polyommatus amandus, P. dagmara, P. farazi, P. kogistanus, P. lehanus armatheus, P. miris, P. selma, and Turanana panaegides,) and ten species of Nymphalidae (Argynnis jainadeva, Coenonympha nolckeni, Hyponephele maureri, Melitaea balbina, Karanasa grumi, K. incerta, K. leechi, K. maureri, Satyrus alaica, and S. ferula)

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KOVANCI, ORKUN BARİS, NİMET SEMA GENCER i BAHATTİN KOVANCI. "Lycaenid butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) of northwestern Turkey with notes on their ecology and current status". Revista Colombiana de Entomología 35, nr 2 (31.12.2009): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/socolen.v35i2.9229.

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Between 1995 and 2006, a total of 3280 lycaenid adults belonging to 47 species were collected in order to study their distribution and current status in Bursa, northwestern Turkey. Of these, Tomares nogelii is a newly recorded species for northwestern Turkey. The following lycaenid species had not been seen since the 1860s: Aricia eumedon, Cupido osiris, Kretania eurypilus, Plebeius sephirus, and P. ripartii. The endemic water dock plant species Rumex olympicus was recorded as a new host for the larvae of Lycaena dispar. Both Aricia hyacinthus and the endemic Polyommatus ossmar olympicus are under threat of extinction. In contrast, the status of some Polyommatus species changed from local to widespread. The highest number of lycaenid species was recorded in July with a total of 40 species per month. Widespread lycaenid species were generally caught at altitudes higher than 1000 m. Altitudinal distribution and phenology of lycaenid species as well as their new host plants found are discussed.

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Akand, S., MA Bashar, S. Rahman i HR Khan. "Morphometric variation in the species of two subfamilies of lycaenid butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) of Bangladesh". Journal of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Management 3, nr 1 (22.05.2018): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcbm.v3i1.36756.

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A laboratory examination was done on the morphometric variation of lycaenid butterflies. Identifying characteristics, viz. forewing length (FWL), hind wing length (HWL), body length (BdL) and antennal length (AntL) were used for the analysis. A total of 514 individuals of lycaenid butterflies was identified under two subfamilies Polyommatinae and Theclinae. Among them 265 individuals were placed under 19 species of Polyommatinae and 249 individuals under 25 species of Theclinae. ANOVA tests were conducted to find differences between the butterfly species of the two subfamilies through identifying characters like FWL (F=10.37, P=0.005), HWL (F=3.81, P=0.067), BdL (F=5.78, P=0.027) and AntL (F=2.77, P=0.114). A linear regression analysis of FWL, HWL, BdL and AntL of the species under the two subfamilies showed significant differences between Polyommatinae and Theclinae. These differences stand among the species of both the subfamilies and produced good results to identify the species more correctly.J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2017, 3(1): 9-16

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Murata, Kouhei, i Morimasa Tsuchiya. "Structure of the food web including the endangered lycaenid butterfly Shijimiaeoides divinus asonis (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)". Entomological Science 20, nr 1 (styczeń 2017): 224–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ens.12247.

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Burghardt, Frank, Konrad Fiedlert i Peter Proksch. "Uptake of flavonoids from Vicia villosa (Fabaceae) by the lycaenid butterfly, Polyommatus icarus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)". Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 25, nr 6 (wrzesień 1997): 527–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-1978(97)00057-4.

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SAMSON, P. R. "MORPHOLOGY AND BIOLOGY OF ACRODZPSAS ZLLZDGEZ (WATERHOUSE AND LYELL), A MYRMECOPHAGOUS LYCAENID (LEPIDOPTERA: LYCAENIDAE: THECLINAE)". Australian Journal of Entomology 28, nr 3 (sierpień 1989): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1989.tb00874.x.

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Dos Santos de Carvalho, Ana Paula, Marco Silva Gottschalk i Ana Beatriz Barros de Morais. "Identificação e Catalogação de Borboletas (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea e Papilionoidea) da Coleção Entomológica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande". EntomoBrasilis 6, nr 3 (21.12.2013): 227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v6i3.364.

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Apesar de o Rio Grande do Sul ser considerado um dos estados mais bem inventariados em relação a borboletas, ainda existem lacunas sobre o conhecimento da distribuição de suas espécies. Uma dessas lacunas se encontra na região do extremo sul do estado, onde a maioria dos inventários não especifica a localidade exata da coleta dos exemplares. Nesse sentido, foram identificadas e catalogadas as espécies de borboletas depositadas na Coleção Entomológica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG. Os 146 exemplares de borboletas depositados na Coleção Entomológica da FURG estão distribuídos em 36 espécies pertencentes às famílias Hesperiidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae e Nymphalidae. Nymphalidae foi a família mais rica e que apresentou o maior número de indivíduos, enquanto Lycaenidae apresentou a menor riqueza e menor número de exemplares. As espécies mais representadas na Coleção foram Heraclides thoas brasiliensis (Rothschild & Jordan), Agraulis vanillae maculosa (Stichel) e Danaus erippus (Cramer). Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea and Papilionoidea) Identification and Cataloging from the Entomological Collection of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Abstract. Although Rio Grande do Sul State is considered one of the best inventoried States in relation to the butterflies, there are still gaps in the knowledge of their species distribution. One of these gaps is in the southern extreme of the State, where the majority of the inventories does not specify the exact location where the specimens were collected. Thus, the species of the butterflies deposited in the Entomological Collection of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG were identified and cataloged. The 146 butterfly specimens deposited in the Entomological Collection are distributed in 36 species belonging to the families Hesperiidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae and Nymphalidae. Nymphalidae was the richest family and had the highest number of individuals, while Lycaenidae had the lowest richness and number of specimens. The most representative species in the Collection were Heraclides thoas brasiliensis (Rothschild & Jordan), Agraulis vanillae maculosa (Stichel) and Danaus erippus (Cramer).

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Villalobos-Leiva, Amado, Rodrigo Ordenes-Clavería, Franco Cruz-Jofré, Scott Escobar-Suárez, Isabel Lobos i Hugo A. Benítez. "The life history of Itylos titicaca (Weymer 1890) (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Polyommatina) at 5200 m in the Chilean altiplano". Nota Lepidopterologica 45 (18.08.2022): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.86498.

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Itylos titicaca (Weyner 1890) has been reported to have a narrow distribution range associated with Andean wetlands called “bofedales” in Peru, Bolivia, northeast Chile and northwest Argentina. In Chile its distribution is between the upper Puna and lower Alpine belts, recorded from 3800 to 4900 m. This study reports a new elevation record of I. titicaca above 5200 m at Sora Pata Lake, northeast of Caquena in the highlands of the Chilean altiplano. Furthermore, this finding establishes the highest report for the genus Itylos, and one of the highest reports for the family Lycaenidae, with several records of individuals breeding in extreme elevations. Further data, principally from Himalayas and other high mountain ranges, is needed to confirm whether this could be the highest record for the family Lycaenidae.

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Miah, Md Kowser, Sajeda Akand, Nousheen Parven i MA Bashar. "Developmental stages of Lampides boeticus (Lepidoptera : Lycaenidae) and their association with the host plant Lupinus nanus (Fabaceae)". Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 24, nr 1 (15.01.2015): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v24i1.46307.

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Developmental stages in the life cycle of lycaenid butterfly, Lampides boeticus (Lepidoptera : Lycaenidae) and their association with the host plant (Lupinus nanus) (Fabaceae) were examined both in the laboratory under 29 ± 3ºC temperature with RH 78 ± 2% and field conditions. The oviposition behaviour, incubation and larval‐pupal period of the butterfly and its association with L. nanus were studied. The host plant association and duration of developmental stages were given importance. Duration of life cycle (egg to adult) was 19 ‐ 21 days. Eggs, four larval instars and pupal stages were distinct. Lampides boeticus was found deeply associated with L. nanus to complete its life cycle. This association with host plant was characterized and evidenced by the use of host leaves, flowers, buds and seeds ( pods) both in the larval (11 ‐ 13 days) and pupal (4 ‐ 6 days) stages. The incubation period, different larval instars and pupal stage were found to be associated deeply with the phenological phases of the host plant. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 24(1): 43-52, 2015 (January)

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Cordero, Carlos. "The courtship behavior of Callophrys xami (Lycaenidae)". Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 32 (1996): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.266607.

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Libert, Michel, Lucas Baliteau i Simon Baliteau. "Deux nouveaux Lycaenidae du Cap-Vert (Lepidoptera)". Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France 116, nr 1 (2011): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bsef.2011.2904.

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Carbonell, Frédéric. "Un nouvel Agrodiaetus de Turquie (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae)". Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France 120, nr 4 (2015): 463–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bsef.2015.2287.

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Hemming, A. F. "NEW AND RARE SYRIAN BUTTERFLIES (LEPIDOPTERA, LYCAENIDAE)". Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Series B, Taxonomy 1, nr 1 (18.03.2009): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1932.tb01329.x.

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