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O'Connor, Thomas St James, Richard Walsh-Bowers, Christopher Ross, Dana Sawchuk i Maria Hatzipantelis. "“In the Storminess”: Multi-Disciplinary Approaches to Scriptural Images Representing Ethical Challenges in the Pastor-Congregant Relationship". Journal of Pastoral Care & Counseling: Advancing theory and professional practice through scholarly and reflective publications 60, nr 1-2 (marzec 2006): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154230500606000106.
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In this qualitative study the authors examine the Scriptural images that 10 Lutheran pastors employed in describing the ethical challenges in the pastor-congregant relationship. The analysis of Scriptural images is part of a larger study on pastors' experiences of a mandatory workshop, “Crossing the Boundaries (CTB),” which is required of Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada (ELCIC) seminarians. The pastors' images were analyzed from the four perspectives of depth psychology, theology, social ethics, and sociology. In commenting on tensions in the pastors' Scriptural images the authors note commonalities among the four theoretical perspectives and discuss implications for practice and future research.
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Halvorson, Britt. "Translating the Fifohazana (Awakening): The Politics of Healing and the Colonial Mission Legacy in African Christian Missionization". Journal of Religion in Africa 40, nr 4 (2010): 413–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006610x545983.
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AbstractThis essay focuses on the evangelism of charismatic American Lutheran churches in Minneapolis/St. Paul by Merina Malagasy Lutheran pastors affiliated with the Fifohazana movement of Madagascar. By analyzing healing services led by one Malagasy revivalist, I argue that we may better understand how American Lutherans and Malagasy Lutherans are renegotiating the meaning of global Lutheranism while ‘reenchanting’ the body as a central interface of religious engagement. My main concern is to investigate how parallel framings of the healing services constitute a subtle traffic in representational forms that rework images of the global church.
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Christman, Robert J. "Competing Clerical Efforts To Secure Lay Support in the Flacian Controversy Over Original Sin". Nederlands Archief voor Kerkgeschiedenis / Dutch Review of Church History 85, nr 1 (2005): 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187607505x00137.
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AbstractIn the decades following Luther's death, adherents of the Wittenberg Reformation fought amongst themselves over how to define the reformer's theology. Often such struggles pitted Philippists against Gnesio-Lutherans, but sometimes the controversies took place within these groups themselves. The following article examines the Flacian controversy over original sin as it split the Gnesio-Lutheran pastorate of the central German county of Mansfeld. Rather than focusing on the content of the debate, this study analyzes the two distinct approaches to the laity taken by the pastors on each side of the divide. One side endeavored to present the doctrinal complexities of the disagreement to the parishioners; the other attempted to shield the laity from the intricacies of the dispute. It was, therefore, not only a theological disagreement that divided the pastors, but two distinct and competing visions of ecclesiology and the role of the laity in the church.
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Tode, Sven. "Preaching Calvinism in Lutheran Danzig: Jacob Fabritius On the Pastoral Office". Nederlands Archief voor Kerkgeschiedenis / Dutch Review of Church History 85, nr 1 (2005): 239–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187607505x00146.
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AbstractJacob Fabritius was the director of the Danzig academy for almost 50 years and therefore determined the confessional identity of Danzig's pastors, who were recruited chiefly from the Latin school over a long period of time. At the same time, Fabritius was a champion of Calvinism in the predominantly Lutheran city of Danzig. This paper analyses Fabritius's programmatic sermon, given on October 24, 1596, in which he developed his understanding of the office and importance of the pastor, urged confessional unity amid the diversity of non-Catholics, and placed the pastors between the commune and the magistrate as apostles sent by God. Analysis of this sermon provides new insights into the relation between clerical and secular authorities and calls attention to the various ways in which sermons can be interpreted. Attention to these ways of interpretation contributes to a wider understanding of the structures of early modern society.
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Zviedre, Mara. "Life Stories of Latvian Lutheran Pastors". Religion, State and Society 27, nr 2 (czerwiec 1999): 175–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/096374999106593.
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Burnett, Amy Nelson. "The Evolution of the Lutheran Pastors' Manual in the Sixteenth Century". Church History 73, nr 3 (wrzesień 2004): 536–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640700098280.
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Among the many changes brought about by the Reformation, perhaps one of the most obvious was the new image of the Protestant pastor. No longer was he set apart from his parishioners by the privileges of a separate estate or by the requirement of clerical celibacy. His most important functions were preaching and teaching, rather than the administration of the sacraments and other ecclesiastical ceremonies. Although there were clearly continuities between the duties performed by the late medieval priest and the new Protestant pastor, there was also a significant change in emphasis and in the expectations concerning the pastor's duties.
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Johansen, Kirstine Helboe. "Does Generation Matter? – Changing the Church from the Inside". International Journal of Practical Theology 22, nr 2 (6.11.2018): 211–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijpt-2017-0002.
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Abstract In this article, possible generational differences between younger and older pastors in the Evangelical-Lutheran Church in Denmark are examined with respect to their understandings of the wedding and the ecclesiological implications of these understandings. Building on the generational theory of Karl Mannheim, the hypothesis is that despite in-group similarities between older and younger pastors, the two generations will show differences in the way they represent their office and thereby the church is changed not only from the outside but also from the inside. An explorative qualitative study of the understanding of the wedding among selected pastors investigates their understanding of the wedding service in three different dimensions and shows that both groups primarily understand the wedding as a traditional ritual, but younger pastors appear to enact this understanding in a relational approach in which the meaning of the wedding emerges in the encounter between pastor and wedding couple. The older pastors appear to link the meaning of the wedding closely to the ritual procedures themselves. At the end of the article, the ecclesiological implications of these different understandings of the wedding service are elaborated.
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Rosendahl, Dan, i Sirpa Rosendahl. "Role Stress. Experiences of Swedish Non-Lutheran Clergy". European Journal of Social Sciences 3, nr 1 (10.02.2020): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejss.v3i1.p108-118.
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Background: About fifty percent of Swedish Non-Lutheran Clergy leave the vocation before retirement resulting in huge personal, financial, psychological, emotional, spiritual and social costs. The factors behind this substantial flood out has scarcely been researched. From the multifaceted problematic aspects of pastoral work, the aim of this study was to explore the clergy’s experiences of work stressors with the focus on Role-stress. Method: A qualitative approach with 19 open ended interviews was used and the interview material underwent qualitative content analysis. Results: Multiple external role-senders together with the individual pastor’s experienced, internal expectations and demands, generated different types of Clergy role-categories that surfaced during the analysis. These roles were accompanied by several role-stressors as apparent with the roles Servants of men and Servants of God and the presence of Vision Conflict. Further the pastor as the Church’s ultimately responsible person is plagued by Role-ambiguity and Role-confusion, and as the Proven trustworthy administrator struggling with Role-conflict. Family-work and Work-family conflicts, especially for female pastors, contributed to Work overload, this consequence also effecting the male colleagues during the generic attempts to meet as many of the Church members’ expectations as possible. The accumulated Work overload, together with a lowered level of Work Satisfaction, boosted the Turnover intentions. Conclusions: Mutual succinct information between employer and employee, active continuous communication and refined and updated organizational structure need to be coordinated in order to lower the level of experienced role stress and thus reduce the present substantial number of Clergy leaving the vocation prematurely.
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Chojnowski, Zbigniew. "Mazurskie Mickiewicziana Gustawa Gizewiusza I Inne / Gustaw Gisevius’s Masurian Mickiewicziana". Ruch Literacki 53, nr 4-5 (1.07.2012): 547–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10273-012-0034-y.
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Summary This article examines the reception of Adam Mickiewicz’s texts in the writings of the Mazury region, focusing on the key figure of Gustav Gisevius (1810-1848), a champion of the revival of the Polish language among the Masurian Lutherans in the south of East Prussia. The inclusion of Masurian Mickiewicziana in the curriculum of Lutheran pastors in Königsberg and in late-19th century printed material aimed at the Masurians was not subservient to the idea of highlighting ethnic ties between the Prussian Masurians and the Poles. The use of Mickiewicz’s texts for that purpose was, however, a characteristic feature of the publications sponsored by the Polish political and cultural institutions in East Prussia in the interwar period.
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Bokedal, Tomas. "Dictionary of Luther and the Lutheran Traditions". European Journal of Theology 28, nr 2 (1.12.2020): 193–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/ejt2019.2.018.boke.
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SummaryThis dictionary is an outstanding scholarly achievement by 182 experts in their fields. Scholars, pastors and lay-people interested in the common heritage of the Reformation will benefit from 600 easily accessible entries. The historical development of the Lutheran Reformation is addressed under rubrics such as ‘Augustinianism’, ‘Ninety-Five Theses’, ‘Luther’s Breakthrough’ and ‘Peace of Augsburg’. A number of entries explore the impact of the Lutheran movement in sixteenth-century Europe and contain compressed entries on central historical and theological themes such as ‘Pietism’, ‘Theology of the Cross’, ‘Twofold Righteousness’ and ‘Calvinism as a Second Reformation’, but also critical accounts of such topics as ‘Race/Minorities’, ‘Refugees’ and ‘Migration’. There is balanced criticism of the socalled New Perspective on Paul, and good material on Lutheran mission and evangelism. Throughout the volume, the reader encounters edifying traits interwoven into the scholarly presentation. This dictionary is a real gem.RÉSUMÉCe dictionnaire est un ouvrage académique remarquable, réalisé par 182 experts dans leur domaine. Les spécialistes, les pasteurs, et quiconque s’intéresse à l’héritage commun de la Réforme, bénéficieront des quelques six cents articles. L’histoire de la Réforme luthérienne est traitée en diverses rubriques comme l’augustinianisme, les quatrevingt quinze thèses, la rupture luthérienne, et la paix d’Augsbourg. Nombre d’articles explorent l’impact du mouvement luthérien dans l’Europe du seizième siècle et d’autres sont des condensés sur des thèmes historiques et théologiques centraux tels que le piétisme, la théologie de la croix, le calvinisme en tant que seconde réformation. L’ouvrage traite encore de sujets comme les minorités raciales et autres minorités, les réfugiés, les migrations. Il contient une présentation équilibrée de « la nouvelle perspective sur la théologie paulinienne », et un bon apport sur la mission et l’évangélisation dans le luthéranisme. Tout au long de cet ouvrage, le lecteur rencontre des apports édifiants insérés dans les exposés académiques. Ce dictionnaire est réellement une perle.ZusammenfassungDieses Nachschlagewerk stellt eine herausragende wissenschaftliche Errungenschaft dar, verfasst von 182 Experten in ihrem jeweiligen Gebiet. Wissenschaftler, Pastoren und Laien, die an dem weit verbreiteten Erbe der Reformation interessiert sind, werden von den 600 leicht lesbaren Beiträgen profitieren. Die historische Entwicklung der lutherischen Reformation findet sich unter Rubriken wie ,,Augustinianismus“, ,,Fünfundneunzig Thesen“, ,,Luthers Durchbruch“ und ,,Der Friede von Augsburg“. Eine Reihe von Beiträgen erforscht den Einfluss der lutherischen Bewegung im Europa des 16. Jahrhunderts und enthält komprimierte Darstellungen zentraler historischer und theologischer Themen wie ,,Pietismus“, ,,Kreuzestheologie“, ,,Zweifache Gerechtigkeit“ sowie ,,Calvinismus als Zweite Reformation“; darüber hinaus finden sich auch kritische Berichte zu Themen wie ,,Rasse/Minderheiten“, ,,Flüchtlinge“ und ,,Migration“. Ferner gibt es eine ausgewogene Kritik der sogenannten Neuen Perspektive zu Paulus und hilfreiches Material zur lutherischen Mission und Evangelisation. Im gesamten Band trifft der Leser auf erbauliche Züge, die in die wissenschaftliche Darbietung hineingewoben sind. Das Lexikon ist ein wahrer Schatz.
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Worsfold, Elliot. "Cast Down, But Not Forsaken". Ontario History 106, nr 1 (30.07.2018): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1050721ar.
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This study seeks to reassess the notion that German-Canadians in Ontario were “silent victims” during the Second World War by exploring the wartime experience and memory of German-Canadian Lutheran congregations in Oxford and Waterloo Counties. Far from silent, Lutheran pastors initiated several strategies to ensure their congregants did not face discrimination and internment as they had during the First World War. These strategies encompassed several reforms, including eliminating German language church services and embracing English-Canadian symbols and forms of post-war commemoration. However, these reforms were often met with resistance and ambivalence by their congregations, thereby creating a conversation within the German-Canadian Lutheran community on how to reconcile its Germanic and Lutheran heritage with waging a patriotic war. While previous studies have primarily focused on identity loss, this study suggests that the debates that occurred within these Lutheran churches were representative of the community’s German-Canadian hyphenated identity.
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Björnsdóttir, Steinunn Arnþrúður. "The Gatekeepers of Change:". Ecclesial Practices 3, nr 1 (14.05.2016): 5–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22144471-00301002.
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The case study focuses on a renewal process, initiated by the Church Central Authorities and the response of pastors in the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland (elci) to the process. The main finding was that participation at the grass roots level was limited. This can be explained partly by the method used by the Church Central Authorities and partly by the very structure of the church, which places the authority to make changes in the parish with the pastor and parish council. Tensions between parishes and central church authorities, issues of authority and structural and financial issues emerged as important factors that determined the success of the change process, or lack thereof.
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Sjö, Sofia. "The Gendering of Pastors in Contemporary Nordic Films: Norms, Conventions and Contemporary Views". Religion and Gender 5, nr 1 (19.02.2015): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/rg.10084.
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The article examines how Lutheran pastors are gendered in six well-known Nordic films. Building on the theory of mediatisation of religion, the study argues for the need to look at how media shapes religion and gender for a thorough understanding of views on religion today. The film analyses show a connection between female pastors and less problematised forms of religion, but also traditional ways of undermining women in films. The films are argued to present a problematised religious view on sexuality, mostly connected to male pastors. Both aspects of gendering religion are tied to larger debates and discussions of religion and gender in the Nordic countries today. The article suggests that media have the potential to challenge traditional religious norms and to present their own norms, and highlights the need for further comparative studies.
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Räihä, Antti. "Lutheran Clergy in an Orthodox Empire. The Apppointment of Pastors in the Russo-Swedish Borderland in the 18th Century". Perichoresis 13, nr 2 (1.10.2015): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/perc-2015-0010.
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Abstract The history of the parishioners’ right to participate in and influence the choice of local clergy in Sweden and Finland can be taken back as far as the late Medieval Times. The procedures for electing clergymen are described in historiography as a specifically Nordic feature and as creating the basis of local self-government. In this article the features of local self-government are studied in a context where the scope for action was being modified. The focus is on the parishioners’ possibilities and willingness to influence the appointment of pastors in the Lutheran parishes of the Russo-Swedish borderlands in the 18th century. At the same time, this article will offer the first comprehensive presentation of the procedures for electing pastors in the Consistory District of Fredrikshamn. The Treaty of Åbo, concluded between Sweden and Russia in 1743, ensured that the existing Swedish law, including the canon law of 1686, together with the old Swedish privileges and statutes, as well as the freedom to practise the Lutheran religion, remained in force in the area annexed into Russia. By analysing the actual process of appointing pastors, it is possible to discuss both the development of the local political culture and the interaction between the central power and the local society in the late Early Modern era.
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Tunheim, Katherine A., i Mary Kay DuChene. "The Professional Journeys and Experiences in Leadership of Evangelical Lutheran Church in America Women Bishops". Advances in Developing Human Resources 18, nr 2 (12.04.2016): 204–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1523422316641896.
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The Problem There are 70.5 million Lutherans in the world, with numbers increasing in Asia and Africa. Currently, only 14% of the Lutheran bishops are women, an increase from 10% in 2011. The role of bishop is a complex leadership position, requiring one to lead up to 150 churches and pastors in a geographical area. With more than 50% of the Lutheran church population comprised of women, their gender and voices are not being represented or heard at the highest levels of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA). With one billion women projected to enter the workforce globally in the next two decades, more needs to be written and understood about women church leaders, such as Lutheran bishops. The purpose of this study was to explore the journeys of women who achieved the office of bishop, to glean what can be learned for the benefit of other women who might be called to these higher levels of leadership in the church. The Solution This research suggests that 70% of the ELCA women bishops interviewed had unique career journeys, important spouse support, few women mentors, many challenges, and key leadership competencies required for the role. These findings can be helpful to future Lutheran and other Christian church leaders. It can help current and future women bishops understand what is expected in the role so they can be more successful in it. Leadership development recommendations are also suggested for seminary and higher education administrators and educators. The Stakeholders This research contributes to the literature in human resource development (HRD) by concentrating on the experiences of women leaders in the church—specifically women who have achieved the office of Bishop of the ELCA. The findings offer insights that can benefit scholars and practitioners alike, as well as current and future women leaders across the globe, in the church setting as well as other settings.
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Schleicher, Marianne, Vigdis Aune i Hans Raun Iversen. "En alternativ ph.d.-afhandlings udfordring af den praktiske teologi". Dansk Teologisk Tidsskrift 79, nr 4 (10.12.2016): 278–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/dtt.v79i4.105800.
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Tenna Mose Rhiger has written a PhD dissertation in which she has developed a new approach to the celebration of service in the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Denmark with the aim of furthering the intimate presence of pastors during service. The purpose of this extended review of Rhiger’s dissertation is first to share the enthusiasm of the assessment committee for the project as well as its perspectives for Practical Theology and the celebration of service in the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Denmark. Secondly, the authors behind the review wish to advance some critical reflections on the formal requirements forsimilar experimental research projects in the future since this dissertation– as the pioneer work that it is – is likely to set the standards for “product dissertations” in the future.
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Doka, Kenneth J. "The Church and the Elderly: The Impact of Changing Age Strata on Congregations". International Journal of Aging and Human Development 22, nr 4 (czerwiec 1986): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/w9d2-5kcd-gg4k-fmtj.
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This study reports the results of a survey of forty-four Lutheran Churches in the New York metropolitan area. It describes present and projected services and programs churches offer to the elderly, specifically investigating the impact of changing age strata upon congregations. A significant relationship was found between proportion of the elderly within the congregation and the pastors' interest in developing specialized ministries to the elderly. There was also a significant relationship between the proportion of the elderly within the congregation and the pastors' interest in structural modifications of the church building. However, no significant differences were found between the proportion of elderly with the congregation and the actual programs and services to the elderly. This may be an indication that churches with high proportions of the elderly had less financial and congregational resources.
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Hoerig, Karl A. "Nimrod". Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 46, nr 4 (24.11.2017): 568–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008429817733141.
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Each fall from 1984 to 2007 a group of Lutheran pastors in Texas gathered at the ranch of another pastor to hunt white-tailed deer during the opening week of the annual hunting season. Called “Nimrod” after the ancient Babylonian king identified in the Bible as “a mighty hunter before the Lord” (Genesis 10:9), also an acronym for “November Invitational Ministerial Recreational Outdoor Diversion,” the event provided opportunities for recreation and fellowship for active and retired clergy, centered around the hunt. To the casual observer hunting is not an immediately obvious pastime to bring Christian ministers together. This ethnographic study examines the place of hunting within Christian theology and explores how the annual deer hunting retreat in fact created an ideal opportunity for clergy to escape from the social constraints of their professional lives while engaging in the deeply meaningful practice of harvesting wild game.
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Rowlands, Alison. "The Witch-cleric Stereotype in a Seventeenth-Century Lutheran Context*". German History 38, nr 1 (13.06.2019): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ghz034.
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Abstract This article enhances our understanding of the development and dynamism of early modern witch stereotypes by focusing on the stereotype of the witch-cleric, the Christian minister imagined by early modern people as working for the devil instead of God, baptizing people into witchcraft, working harmful magic and even officiating at witches’ gatherings. I show how this stereotype first developed in relation to Catholic clerics in demonology, print culture and witch-trials, then examine its emergence in relation to Protestant clerics in Germany and beyond, using case studies of pastors from the Lutheran territory of Rothenburg ob der Tauber from 1639 and 1692 to explore these ideas in detail. I also offer a broader comparison of beliefs about Protestant witch-clerics and their susceptibility to formal prosecution with their Catholic counterparts in early modern Germany, showing that cases involving Protestant witch-clerics were part of a cross-confessional phenomenon that is best understood in a comparative, Europe-wide perspective. In addition to showing how the witch-cleric stereotype changed over time and spread geographically, I conclude by arguing that three distinct variants of this stereotype had emerged by the seventeenth century: the Catholic ‘witch-priest’ and Protestant ‘witch-pastor’ (who were supposedly witches themselves) and the overzealous clerical ‘witch-master’, who was thought to do the devil’s work by helping persecute innocent people for witchcraft. Despite these stereotypes, however, relatively few clerics of either confession were tried and executed as witches; overall, patriarchy worked to protect men of the cloth from the worst excesses of witch persecution.
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Sopanen, Matleena. "Led by the Spirit and the Church: Finland's Licensed Lutheran Lay Preachers, c.1870–1923". Studies in Church History 57 (21.05.2021): 277–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/stc.2021.14.
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This article examines the interplay between religious agency and institutional control. The Church Law of 1869 gave members of the Lutheran Church of Finland the right to apply to chapters for permission to preach. Men who passed the examinations became licensed lay preachers, who could take part in teaching Christianity and give sermons in church buildings. Applicants had varying backgrounds, skills and motivations. In order to avoid any disruption in church life, they had to be screened carefully and kept under clerical supervision. However, licensed lay preachers could also be of great help to the church. In a rapidly changing modern society with a growing population and a recurring lack of pastors, the church could not afford to disregard lay aid. The article shows how the Lutheran Church both encouraged and constrained the agency of the licensed lay preachers.
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Bömelburg, Hans-Jürgen. "Reformierte Eliten im Preußenland: Religion, Politik und Loyalitäten in der Familie Dohna (1560–1660)". Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte - Archive for Reformation History 95, nr 1 (1.12.2004): 210–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14315/arg-2004-0109.
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ABSTRACT The archives of the Dohna family contain materials on the efforts at creating a “Second Reformation” in the Duchy of Prussia, where the early establishment of a Lutheran confessional foundation (the Corpus doctrinae pruthenicum| of 1567/68) and a solid ecclesiastical constitution prevented Calvinism from gaining a foothold. The Reformed creed found followers among the nobility through connections with the Reformed territories in the Holy Roman Empire, by close contact with Reformed theologians in royal Prussia, and by connections with the Calvinist church of the nobility in Poland and Lithuania. This network radiated into ducal Prussia, where the Dohnas became Calvinists. During the first three decades of the seventeenth century this led to a conflict between the Reformed party and the Lutheran majority among the theologians and the lower nobility. Drawing on the support of the Polish king, the Lutheran party succeeded between 1610 and 1620 in shutting out the Reformed officeholders by means of lawsuits and unequivocal oath formulas. The Reformed nobility were not helped by the connection they forged in 1613 with the equally Reformed territorial ruler because he had to take into account the Polish crown as well as ecclesiastical legal determinations in ducal Prussia.The Dohnas, who stood close to the Calvinist “party of movement,” tried nevertheless to introduce elements of the Reformed faith or to engage men who were inclined toward the Reformed creed into the churches within their patronage. In this context, the Dohnas argued with the noble concepts of patronage held by the Lithuanian Radziwiłłs, who used their rights of patronage to introduce Calvinist pastors. Repeated conflicts arose with the Ko¨ nigsberg consistory and neighboring Lutheran pastors, in the course of which both sides adhered to their positions. On the level of religious symbolism, the Dohnas removed images of saints and programmatically transformed older works of art to conform to Calvinism.The confessional disputes in the Duchy of Prussia are typologically similar to those in the Prussian cities (Elbing, Danzig, Thorn), except that in the former noble patronage and in the latter bourgeois patronage was contested. It is evident that in eastern Prussia, too, along with Lutheran confessionalization, numerous other religious influences were felt. Therefore, the region can be included more definitely than previously thought in the religious history of eastern central Europe.
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Stuck, Jamalynne, John Faine i Ann Boldt. "The Perceptions of Lutheran Pastors Toward Prenatal Genetic Counseling and Pastoral Care". Journal of Genetic Counseling 10, nr 3 (czerwiec 2001): 251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1016680425337.
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Rosnes, Ellen Vea. "Negotiating Norwegian Mission Education in Zululand and Natal during World War II". Mission Studies 38, nr 1 (20.05.2021): 31–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15733831-12341773.
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Abstract Missionaries from the Lutheran Norwegian Mission Society (NMS) came to South Africa from the 1840s. By 1940, more than 6000 pupils were attending NMS-owned schools in Zululand and Natal. World War II brought about different forms of negotiations between the missionaries and other actors. The War resulted in the missionaries losing contact with their central board in Norway and the provincial authorities of the Union were among those bodies who came to rescue them financially. Local congregations took over more of the mission responsibilities and the nature and forms of cooperation with other Lutheran missions changed. Added to these changes was the growing aspiration among Zulu pastors for more independence that also manifested itself in the management of schools. This paper presents an analysis of the ways in which the Norwegian missionaries negotiated their educational work in Zululand and Natal during the World War II period.
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Martuzāns, Bruno. "Before newspapers and the telegraph: information distribution in Livland more than two hundred years ago". Library and Information History 36, nr 2 (sierpień 2020): 116–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/lih.2020.0020.
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This paper concerns information dissemination in the Livland province of the Russian Empire at the turn of the eighteenth and the nineteenth centuries, when its rulers sent their orders to the provincial capital, Riga, by horse post. In Riga they were translated into German, and the ancient network of information dissemination used by the Lutheran Church was engaged. The orders of both the Empire and provincial rulers were delivered to Lutheran pastors, who announced this information to their parishes from the pulpit, speaking in Latvian or Estonian so as to be understood by local peasants (serfs), and allowed the texts to circulate around the manors of the parish. The infrastructure of the information network, its maintenance and threats, the speed of information distribution, information safety and security, and the fight against the delivery of false information are all topics of consideration. It is then concluded that information technology has changed drastically throughout time, but the problems it confronts remain quite similar.
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Nauss, Allen. "Leadership Styles of Effective Ministry". Journal of Psychology and Theology 17, nr 1 (marzec 1989): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009164718901700109.
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Societal changes in the last half century have raised expectations for today's pastoral ministry. However, ministerial studies to date have revealed no clear picture of effective ministry. Following Malony's (1976) suggestion, this study attempts to identify leadership style as a primary theme. Selected parish office holders were asked first to rate the performance of 310 parish pastors in three districts of the Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod on the Ministerial Function Scale (MFS). Scores were obtained for the original six factors of the MFS (Preacher-Priest, Administrator, Community and Social Involvement, Personal and Spiritual Model, Visitor-Counselor and Teacher) and also for a seventh factor of Evangelist added for this research project. Multiple regression analyses of the parishioners’ ratings of the pastors on the Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire yielded squared coefficients of correlation ranging from .39 to .74 in developing predictive formulae for effectiveness in the seven functions and an overall effectiveness rating. Different styles of effective ministry including primarily sets of leader behaviors were projected for each of the functions. Implications are suggested for seminary and in-service ministerial training.
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Bond, John B., Carol D. H. Harvey i Elizabeth A. Hildebrand. "Familial Support of the Elderly in a Rural Mennonite Community". Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 6, nr 1 (1987): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s071498080001535x.
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AbstractWith an increasing number of persons entering old age and having longer life expectancies, there has been a consequent alteration of family dynamics, such that middle aged individuals frequently provide support to their older parents. At the same time, the middle aged person is often in the midst of raising his or her own children, attending to personal aspirations, and enacting the role of spouse.This study investigated support from middle aged offspring to elderly parents in a rural Mennonite community. Information on the expectation for and consequences of support to parents was gathered from pastors and middle aged family members in two Mennonite conferences, as well as from a Lutheran sample with a similar historical background.Pastoral interviews showed no differences in doctrinal beliefs regarding familial care of parents, although the institutional church responses varied. Middle aged offspring in the Lutheran congregation reported less involvement in religious practice than did members of either Mennonite congregation. Burden of caring for elderly parents felt by middle aged people showed no statistically significant differences between congregations; however, greater reported religiosity was associated with lesser burden.
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Pont, A. D. "Enkele opmerkings oor Johannes Calvyn se stellings oor die capita doctrina necessaria". Verbum et Ecclesia 16, nr 2 (21.09.1995): 388–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v16i2.459.
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Some remarks on John Calvin's statements on the capita doctrina necessariaCalvin mentions that there are capita doctrina necessaria in the whole of the church's doctrine. The meaning of the summa religionis is explored in relation to Calvin's concept of the church. It is shown that Calvin sees the church as a pneumatic organism and not, in the first place, as an institute or an organisational unit. This becomes clear when his letter of dedication to the Lutheran pastors in 1556 is also taken in account. Calvin's summa religionis is seen as an argument that needs to be taken in account in contemporary discussions on the doctrinal centre of the church and on church unity.
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Nortomaa, Aura. "To Ordain or not to Ordain? A Self-Determination Theory Perspective on How Ministerial Candidates and Dioceses Use Psychological Assessment in Ordination Process". Journal of Empirical Theology 28, nr 2 (24.11.2015): 242–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15709256-12341332.
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Psychological assessments are nowadays often used when recruiting new pastors in churches. However, no studies have yet examined how the results from these assessments are used when deciding on ordination. It is not known how the candidates evaluate their result and how it impacts their career process, or how bishops use the assessment results in their evaluation of a candidate. The present study inspected these aspects in the context of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland. A quantitative survey was sent to those who had participated in the psychological assessment during 2006-2010, and bishops and diocesan chapter members received an electronic survey containing open-ended questions. Both parties considered the assessments important, although they did not use the results themselves. According to Self-Determination Theory, this reluctance to use standardised selection practices can be explained as lack of perceived autonomy.
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de Boer, Erik. "Harmonia Legis: Conception and Concept of John Calvin's Expository Project on Exodus-Deuteronomy (1559–63)". Church History and Religious Culture 87, nr 2 (2007): 173–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187124207x189749.
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AbstractJohn Calvin's plan to study Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy in the form of a Harmony was conceived in the congrégations, the Bible studies of the ministers of Geneva and its surrounding villages. A surviving manuscript of Calvin's introductory exposition to the series, studied here for the first time since the sixteenth century, reveals intriguing details on the conception of this plan. It also sheds light on the history of the congrégations, this fascinating example of concentration on the Bible in Geneva, on the co-operation of the ministers, and on Calvin's role as the Moderator of the Company of Pastors. The origin of the Harmony idea is an adaptation of the Gospel Harmonies. Calvin's approach is highly original in the history of exegesis. The text of the congrégation points to Calvin's reading of the commentaries of the Lutheran scholars Martin Borrhaus and, possibly, Johannes Brenz.
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Koepping, Elizabeth. "Spousal Violence among Christians: Taiwan, South Australia and Ghana". Studies in World Christianity 19, nr 3 (grudzień 2013): 252–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/swc.2013.0060.
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Local, often unconscious, understanding of male and female informs people's views irrespective of the religious ideology of (for Christians) the imago dei. This affects church teaching about and dealings with spousal violence, usually against wives, and can be an indicator of the failure of contextualising, from Edinburgh to Tonga and Seoul to Accra, actually to challenge context and ‘speak the Word of God’ rather than of elite-defined culture. In examining five denominations (Assembly of God, Methodist, Lutheran, Roman Catholic, True Jesus Church) in Ghana, South Australia and Taiwan, ecclesial attitudes to divorce are shown to have a crucial effect on an abused woman's decision regarding the marriage, especially where stated clerical practice differs from precept. Adding that to the effects of church teaching, the side-lining of pressure and support groups and the common failure of churches to censure spousal violence of pastors, leads the writer to suggest that any prophetic voice is strangled by shameful culture-bound collusion.
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MCINTOSH, TERENCE. "PIETISTS, JURISTS, AND THE EARLY ENLIGHTENMENT CRITIQUE OF PRIVATE CONFESSION IN LUTHERAN GERMANY". Modern Intellectual History 12, nr 3 (19.03.2015): 627–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244314000900.
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From the 1680s to the 1720s German Lutheran pastors’ use of private confession and suspension from Communion as a means of disciplining wayward parishioners generated seminal theological and intellectual debates. They were driven by Pietists and secular natural law jurists and concerned ultimately the purported corruption in the early Christian church that led to the abusive, unwarranted, and centuries-long intrusion of clerical power into secular affairs. By investigating these debates, this essay reveals in new ways the constructive collision of two different intellectual predispositions—one clerical, the other legal—that propelled the early Enlightenment in Germany. Letters from the 1680s and other writings of Philipp Jakob Spener, the father of German Pietism, show how he and fellow clergymen wrestled with specific pastoral challenges regarding the disciplining of allegedly unrepentant and incorrigible sinners. Christian Thomasius, a central figure in the early Enlightenment, and other secular natural law jurists vigorously rebutted the Pietists’ claims by critically examining the practice of confession in the primitive church, thereby exposing the historical origins of priestcraft. In doing so, Thomasius highlighted affinities between his work and that of the radical Pietist Gottfried Arnold, who had indicted the clergies of Christian churches for their unjust and inveterate persecution of religious dissidents. But Thomasius also faulted Arnold for weaknesses in his biblical scholarship. Thomasius's criticism points to the special form of biblical scholarship that secular natural law jurists had helped to develop and that predisposed them to embrace radical interpretations of Scripture, a potent stimulant of early Enlightenment thought.
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Brown, Christopher Boyd. "Art and the Artist in the Lutheran Reformation: Johannes Mathesius and Joachimsthal". Church History 86, nr 4 (grudzień 2017): 1081–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640717002062.
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Luther's student Johann Mathesius, longtime pastor in the Bohemian mining town of Joachimsthal, provides a lens for seeing early modern art and artists through Lutheran eyes, challenging modern interpretations of the dire consequences of the Reformation for the visual arts.1For Mathesius, pre-Reformation art provided not only evidence of old idolatry but also testimony to the preservation of Evangelical faith under the papacy. After the Reformation, Joachimsthal's Lutherans were active in commissioning new works of art to fill the first newly built Protestant church, including an altarpiece from Lucas Cranach's workshop. Mathesius's appreciation of this art includes not only its biblical and doctrinal content but also its aesthetic quality. In an extended sermon on the construction of the Tabernacle in Exodus 31, Mathesius draws on Luther's theology of the special inspiration of the “great men” of world history to develop a Lutheran theology of artistic inspiration, in which artists are endowed by the Holy Spirit with extraordinary skills and special creative gifts, intended to be used in service of the neighbor by adorning the divinely appointed estates of government, church, and household.
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Kotliarov, P. "THE MELANCHTHONIAN SCHOOL REFORM: A HUMANIST PARADIGM". Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, nr 133 (2017): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2017.133.2.07.
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In this paper, we focused on the plan for the school of Eisleben (1525) by Philipp Melanchthon, which reveals the main trends of the Melanchthonian school reform in the early 16th century. We have outlined several important tasks set by Melanchthon to create a special educational space based on pietas and erudition. It is important also to clarify correlation between religious and Humanist elements in school plans and to highlight requirements for teachers in the newly founded schools. As we have found out, religious studies were scheduled only for for Sunday. Students were not expected to pass any tests; they only had to listen to the teacher’s explications. It was shown that, firstly, this school plan is essential for understanding of the young Melanchthon-humanist’s ideas, who renounced the former church school system and tried to restore inherent to school functions: to provide education and ethical upbringing. This is why the humanist take distance from theology – as from a Catholic one, so from a Lutheran. Secondly, Melanchthon tried to protect school from theological disputes, which were inevitable in confessional heterogenic Germany. This is why it was important to separate school from church. Melanchthon envisaged a careful integration of the religious component in school plans. The humanist supposed that this reduced religious lessons were provide future politicians, officials, teachers and pastors with pietas alongside studia. Melanchthon also assigned an important place to an individual approach to education and upbringing of students, which would take into consideration their psychophysical and intellectual peculiarities. In our opinion, it can be regarded as beginnings of the pedagogical psychology.
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Wipfler, Esther Pia. "Luther im Stummfilm: Zum Wandel protestantischer Mentalität im Spiegel der Filmgeschichte bis 1930". Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte - Archive for Reformation History 98, nr 1 (1.12.2007): 167–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14315/arg-2007-0108.
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ABSTRACTThe “Luther film” is still a little-examined source for the Protestant self-image, despite the fact that the medium was employed since 1911 to portray the history of the Reformation. Of the four known silent films on the subject, two are preserved only as copies of a late censored version. There is a clearly recognizable paradigm shift in the portrayal of the reformer over the twenty-year span of these Luther films. Luther is transformed from the romantic aesthete of the “Wittenberger Nachtigall” in 1913 to the hero of the “deutschen Reformation” in 1927. Concerning the earliest films, made in 1911 (“Doktor Martin Luther”) and 1913 (“Wittenberger Nachtigall” renamed “Der Weg zur Sonne” in 1921), the circumstances of and grounds for production are no longer entirely clear. Most likely they were primarily concerned with commercial enterprise, but at the same time they reflected the spirit of the Luther-Renaissance in a popular way. Nevertheless the importance of the silent movie for the transfer of the patterns and images of Lutheran iconography into film cannot be underestimated. A fundamental difference from the later films is the focus of the earlier films’ biographical narrative upon Luther’s wedding. This approach would not be used again until after World War II. The influence of the church can first be demonstrated in the Luther film of 1923. The initiative for the film - in light of the meeting of the Lutheran World Assembly in Eisenach on August 21, 1923 - probably came from the Baron von den Heyden- Rynsch, who was at that time head of the Eisenach city Bureau for Art, Sport and Tourism. The highest church authorities supported the production in two ways: they offered scriptwriting advice and also eventually allowed the film to be distributed through the Evangelical Picture Association (Evangelische Bilderkammer|). However, the resulting film received mixed reviews. This was due not only to deficiencies in the acting, but also to the tentative portrayal of the film’s religious subject matter. “Luther. Ein Film der deutschen Reformation” (1926-1927) was much more professionally and lavishly produced. It completely served the national Protestant propaganda of the Evangelical League (Evangelischer Bund|), which founded the production company. The chairman of the League, the Berlin cathedral pastor and university professor Bruno Döhring, had a decisive influence on the script. The film, which would be in wide release until 1939, effectively extended the cultural conflict between the two leading churches, Catholic and Lutheran. It would finally lead to the sort of denominational conflicts that halted the tradition of Luther films in Germany. (Translation by Heather McCune Bruhn, Pennstate College)
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Mikoski, Gordon S. "Martin Luther and Anti-Semitism: A Discussion". Theology Today 74, nr 3 (październik 2017): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040573617721912.
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This transcription of the Question and Answer period for the public event “Martin Luther and Anti-Semitism” was held at the Morgan Library & Museum in New York City on November 13, 2016. This event was co-presented by the Morgan Library & Museum, the Leo Baeck Institute, the German Evangelical Lutheran Church of St. Paul in New York City, and the Consulate General of the Federal Republic of Germany. The discussion session—as well as the two lectures preceding (also published in this issue)—took place as part of a series of events in conjunction with the Morgan Library & Museum’s exhibition “Word and Image: Martin Luther’s Reformation” which ran from October 7, 2016 through January 22, 2017. Professor Mark Silk, Director, Leonard Greenberg Center for the Study of Religion in Public Life and Professor of Religion in Public Life at Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut, served as moderator for the Q&A session. The respondents were Professor Dean P. Bell, Provost, Vice President, and Professor of History at the Spertus Institute for Jewish Learning and Leadership in Chicago and Dr. Martin Hauger, Referent für Glaube und Dialog of the High Consistory of the Evangelical Church (EKD) in Germany. The translator for portions of the Q&A session was the Rev. Miriam Gross, pastor of the German Evangelical Lutheran Church of St. Paul ( Deutsche Evangelisch-Lutherische St. Pauls Kirche) in Manhattan. Theology Today is grateful to the Morgan Library & Museum for permission to publish the transcription of this discussion session.
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Sander, Heldur. "Günther Weber, Benjamin Sass and Eduard Philipp Körber, Lutheran Pastors of Võnnu: Sacred Trees, Felling of a Sacred Oak and Planting of an Oak to Herald Freedom for the Estonian People". Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum 6, nr 1 (10.06.2018): 130–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.11590/abhps.2018.1.05.
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Puss, Fred. "Muuga või Kersna? Eesti rööpsete perekonnanimede teke ja kadu". Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 11, nr 1 (30.06.2020): 43–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2020.11.1.03.
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Rööpsete perekonnanimede teke on unikaalne Eestis ja Lätis, kus mõisas pandi 1820.–1830. aastail samale talupojale üks, kirikus aga teine perekonnanimi. Nimede panemise õigus oli mõisadel, kuid kohati võtsid pastorid osa nimede panekust ning muutsid kirikuraamatutes nimesid ka hiljem. Eestis oli üksikuid piirkondi (mõisu), kus rööpnimede hulk oli suurem, nt Ahja mõisas 53%, Roosna-Alliku mõisa Järva- Madise kihelkonna osas 32%, olles enamasti aga mõne protsendi piires. Võnnu kihelkonnas muutsid vastastikku üksteise nimeloomet mõisavalitsused, kolm järjestikust pastorit ning eriti köster. Pärast üldise perekonnanimepanekuga loodud rööpnimesid oli XIX sajandi teisel poolel ja XX sajandi algul nende tavalisim tekkepõhjus saksastamine, harvem sugulussuhete muutumine (kärgpered, lapsendamised). Kui mõnel pool jõudsid kirikuraamatute nimekujud ka hingeloendisse, siis tavaline see polnud. Sel põhjusel oli ka XX sajandi algul inimestel vallavalitsuse välja antud tsaariaegses passis või iseseisvusaegsel isikutunnistusel üks, kirikuraamatutes teine nimi. Rööpnimed kaotati enamasti riiklike perekonnaregistrite sisseseadmisega alates 1926. aastast ning ametlikustati reeglina sünnikandes leiduv nimekuju. Osal juhtudel tekkisid topeltnimed. Rööpnimed on dokumentides tekitanud segadust ka hiljem.
Abstract. Fred Puss: Muuga or Kersna? The appearance and perishment of Estonian parallel family names. The reason for the appearance of parallel family names in Estonia and Latvia is unique: in the 1820s–1830s, the manor officials gave family names to local peasants and the Lutheran pastors changed those names or gave different ones. In some areas, mismatch was up to 53%, but generally did not exceed a few percent. Sometimes in the church records, the names were later changed to match the manor (or later tax) records, but much less often vice versa. However, when the names in the church records were changed (mostly Germanized) in the second half of the 19th century, but not in the tax records, new mismatches appeared. As of 1926, the state began to keep vital statistics records and the name in a birth entry in the church book was usually fixed as the only family name thereafter. This marked the end of the occurrence of most of the parallel family names in Estonia, but some became double family names and some still caused confusion in later records.
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Faithful, George. "A More Brotherly Song, a Less Passionate Passion: Abstraction and Ecumenism in the Translation of the Hymn “O Sacred Head Now Wounded” from Bloodier Antecedents". Church History 82, nr 4 (20.11.2013): 779–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640713001145.
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When nineteenth-century American Presbyterian pastor James Waddel Alexander wrote the lyrics of the hymn “O Sacred Head Now Wounded,” he created what has become the most popular of numerous English translations of seventeenth-century German Lutheran pastor Paul Gerhardt's hymn “O Haupt voll Blut und Wunden.” That text was, in turn, a translation of part of an anonymous thirteenth-century cycle of passion poems, one dedicated to each of Christ's wounds. From the medieval original through Gerhardt to Alexander, each subsequent translation has diminished its depictions of blood and rendered its narrator's interaction with the crucified body of Christ less passionate, dictated by the theological needs and aesthetic sensibilities of the translator's religious tradition. At the same time, both Gerhardt and Alexander included significant elements from the original that were anomalous in their own contexts. The inclusion of a medieval poem in the worship of seventeenth-century Lutherans and nineteenth-century Presbyterians may reveal an ecumenical bent on their part, albeit with clear limits. A comparison of the various versions of the hymn demonstrates the complex interrelationship between an original text and translations of it, some of which may properly be called versions of it and some of which may have become something altogether different.
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Schwarz, Karl W. "Der erste evangelische Superintendent in Siebenbürgen Paul Wiener (1495–1554): eine Brücke zwischen Laibach, Wien und Hermannstadt". Journal of Early Modern Christianity 8, nr 1 (1.04.2021): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jemc-2021-2006.
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Abstract The article is dedicated to the theologian Paul Wiener, a native of Carniola, who after his studies achieved a remarkable ecclesiastical career and turned into the most influential Church figure in Ljubljana. Under the influence of his colleague Truber, he was won over to the theological concerns of the Reformation, but was arrested by the Catholic ruler in 1546 for his Reformation stance. Under interrogation, he refused the suggested recantation and wrote instead a defense, which was considered a “complete apology of the Reformation” and referred to throughout Luther’s main Reformation writings. The trial ended with Wiener’s pardon, but he was exiled to Transylvania, where he was appointed preacher and town pastor. Elected the first superintendent of the Transylvanian Lutheran Church in 1553, he displayed a Wittenberg-oriented theology and ministry, especially in ordinations, where he placed the greatest emphasis on the Confessio Augustana. His Church leadership was, however, limited, as he died of the plague in 1554.
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Schwarz, Karl W. "Johannes Mathesius (1504–1565) und die Joachimsthaler Kirchenordnung (1551)". Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Kanonistische Abteilung 102, nr 1 (1.09.2016): 359–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.26498/zrgka-2016-0114.
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Abstract Johannes Mathesius (1504-1565) and the church order of Joachimsthal (1551): Legal history notes on the works of a Wittenberg scholar in Bohemia. The contribution deals with the „reformator of the second order/contingent“, Johannes Mathesius, rector and pastor in Joachimsthal in Bohemia. He is famous in reference to the history of Reformation because he kept a record of Luthers private after-dinner speeches in 1540 and he wrote the first biography of Luther. Furthermore he was author of a specific local ecclesiastical order for Joachimsthal, which followed the practice in Wittenberg, Leipzig and Nürnberg and was under specific ecclesiastical premise in the instruction for the visitators.
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Vähäkangas, Mika. "Babu wa Loliondo—Healing the Tensions between Tanzanian Worlds". Journal of Religion in Africa 45, nr 1 (14.08.2015): 3–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700666-12340029.
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Tanzanian Ambilikile Mwasapila aka Babu wa Loliondo, a retired Lutheran countryside pastor, suddenly became the most visible media personality and healer in East Africa for half a year in 2011. He had received dreams in which God provided him with the recipe for a herbal medicine that would heal all maladies. Lutheran bishops who had all but abandoned the elderly pastor in his former remote mission field eagerly approved his ministry, while reception in Charismatic churches was mixed. After initial suspicion, the government strongly backed him, and the national research hospital vaguely endorsed the medicine, which is essentially the same as traditional medicine in several ethnic groups. Thus, in this ministry modern scientific, Christian, and traditional worldviews suddenly corresponded, thereby easing the tensions between the three lifeworlds of Tanzanian Christians. After the deaths of several hiv-positive patients who had abandoned antiretroviral (arv) drugs, the magic of the healer vanished.
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Purdum, Elizabeth. "A Parish Pastor's View of Evangelical Lutheran Worship". Dialog: A Journal of Theology 47, nr 2 (czerwiec 2008): 188–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6385.2008.00387.x.
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Anttonen, Veikko. "The sacredness of the self, of society and of the human body: the case of a Finnish transgender pastor Marja-Sisko Aalto". Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis 23 (1.01.2011): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30674/scripta.67378.
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In 2008 the change of sex of a Finnish transgender pastor attracted media attention to Lutheran Christianity on a worldwide scale, which compared to other religious traditions seldom makes it to the world news. This article discusses the sex reassignment undergone by Marja-Sisko Aalto, a Lutheran pastor from the town of Imatra, in south eastern Finland, who in 2008, at the age of 54, was transformed into a woman. First some remarks on the relation between religion and the body are made and terminological issues are discussed briefly. The second part of the article presents Aalto's life story based on the author's interview with her in April 2010. In the last section the author discusses the Finnish cognitive scholar Ilkka Pyysiäinen’s reflection on folk biology as an explanation for making sense of the public image regarding a priest’s gender. The article concludes by looking at Marja-Sisko Aalto’s case from the perspective of marking boundaries between the categories of the self, the society and the human body.
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Vähäkangas, Mika. "Negotiating Religious Traditions — Babu wa Loliondo’s Theology of Healing". Exchange 45, nr 3 (17.08.2016): 269–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1572543x-12341404.
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Retired Lutheran pastor Ambilikile Mwasapila became the most celebrated healer in Eastern Africa for half a year in 2011. His healing consists of an herbal potion, brewed according to the recipe he got from God in dreams. According to Rev. Mwasapila, the potency of the medicine stems from the presence of the Word of God in it. It is efficient only when administered by him. He perceives himself as a prophet called by God to alleviate sufferings of humankind in a world pestered by illnesses sent by Satan. His theology of healing has clear Lutheran sacramental theological elements combined with views from African traditional medicine and Christian charismatic faith healing. His cosmology is deeply rooted in African views of the spirit world interpreted through Pentecostal-charismatic demonology. The ideas underlying his ministry can be seen as an oral charismatic Lutheran contextual theology lived out in practice.
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Fogleman, Aaron, i Wolfgang Splitter. "Pastors, People, Politics: German Lutherans in Pennsylvania, 1740-1790". Journal of American History 88, nr 1 (czerwiec 2001): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2674944.
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Nikolskaia, X. D. "THE ORIGINS OF EUROPEAN INDOLOGY: BARTHOLOMEUS ZIEGENBALG’S LETTER ON INDIA". Journal of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, nr 3 (13) (2020): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7302-2020-3-171-180.
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At the beginning of the 17th century, the Danish East India Company (Dansk Østindisk Kompagni) was established in Europe. The stronghold of the Danes in India was the city of Tranquebar (Dansborg fortress). At the beginning of the 18th century, the first Lutheran missionaries landed on the Coromandel Coast. They came to India from the German city of Halle. The University of Halle at this time was a center of pietism closely associated with the “Danish Royal mission” in Southern India. This mission was funded by king Frederick IV, but from the very beginning of its existence was staffed mainly by Germans. One of the first missionaries in Tranquebar was Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg. He lived in India from 1706 to 1719. His name is well known to modern orientalists, as he was among the first Europeans to study Indian languages and Indian culture. All the years of his life in Tranquebar, Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg was engaged in translating Christian literature into Tamil, and he also compiled the first grammatical reference of this language. A large number of the pastor’s letters to his friends and colleagues have been preserved. Most of these letters have been published for today. But part of it is still stored in the archives. Mainly in his letters, the pastor talks about the work of the mission: converting local residents to Christianity, creating a printing house and publishing Christian literature, opening a school for children in Tranquebar and working in it. Only a small part of the letters contains detailed stories about Tranquebar, local traditions, religious views of the natives, etc. This publication provides a translation of one of Ziegenbalg’s letters, which includes answers to questions about India that the pastor’s friends asked in their messages.
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Nauss, Allen. "The Pastor as Leader: Shepherd, Rancher, or …?" Journal of Psychology and Theology 23, nr 2 (czerwiec 1995): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009164719502300204.
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The situational variables of congregation size and ministerial function were used to identify patterns of leadership skills for effective ministry in a sample of 421 Lutheran clergy. Significantly different styles were found for each of ten functions in five size groups. Ministerial leadership has sometimes been described by the terms authoritarian and democratic, in accord with reviews of leadership in secular organizations. When sets of leader skills were investigated, an intentional orientation (cf. Biersdorf, 1976), sometimes in combination with a participative style, seemed to be an apt general description of the leadership of effective clergy in this sample.
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Whaley, Joachim. "Obedient servants? Lutheran attitudes to authority and society in the first half of the seventeenth century: the case of Johann Balthasar Schupp". Historical Journal 35, nr 1 (marzec 1992): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00025590.
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AbstractThe reunification of Germany has given a new dimension and intensity to the debate about the historical identity of German political culture. In particular, it has revived the issue of whether the Lutheran heritage was inherently conservative, if not authoritarian, in tendency. This article re-examines the issues in relation to Lutheran political and social thought in the first half of the seventeenth century. The life and writings of the Lutheran pastor and influential popular author Johann Balthasar Schupp (1610–61) are examined in detail. What emerges is something more complex than a simple injunction to obey authority at all costs. While he implicitly rejected the idea of a right to rebel, Schupp placed his faith in the willingness of rulers to assist in a ‘reformation of society’. Rebellion would thus be unnecessary. The article argues that this hope was not unrealistic in the context of the small German territorial state in the early modern period. The traditional view of a politically conservative Lutheranism in this period must therefore be revised.
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Johansen, Kirstine Helboe, i Marie Vejrup Nielsen. "Choosing a Pastor for the Day—Representations of the Pastor in a Contemporary Context". Journal of Empirical Theology 28, nr 2 (24.11.2015): 226–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15709256-12341326.
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This article examines representations of pastoral authority among mainstream church members in the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Denmark. We argue that the study of a possible crisis in ministry must include the church members’ perspective. Drawing on theories of societal and cultural changes and focusing on the concepts of increased individual choice, subjective turn and authenticity, as well as Weber’s typology of authority, we analyse the findings of a qualitative study among wedding couples in Denmark and a supplementary quantitative study among adult participants in a special church service for children. The findings indicate that church members evaluate the pastor either as a pre-established church representative or based on a more direct evaluation of personal qualities, but in both cases the evaluation places emphasis on the importance of the relationship between church member and pastor. We conclude that the representation of pastoral authority can be described as ‘relational authority’.
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Sławinski, Wojciech. "Die Thorner Generalsynode von 1595". Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte - Archive for Reformation History 96, nr 1 (1.12.2005): 246–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14315/arg-2005-0112.
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This is a detailed analysis of the General Synod of the Polish Protestants in Toruń in 1595. The article discusses the following aspects of the synod: the participants of the synod; the synod’s aims and organization; the conflict about the Lord’s Supper; the case of the Lutheran pastor Paul Gericke from Poznan, who refused to agree to the synod’s decisions; the question of Trinitarianism; the canons of the Synod of Toruń ; political projects discussed at the synod; the participation of Orthodox churchmen; the role of the Prussian towns Gdańsk, Elbląg and Toruń .