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1
Nikolajsen, Jeppe Bach. "Church, State, and Pluralistic Society". International Journal of Public Theology 15, nr 3 (27.10.2021): 385–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15697320-01530006.
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Abstract This article demonstrates that Lutheran teaching on the two regiments can be drawn in different directions and how it was drawn in a particular direction for centuries so that it could provide a theoretical framework for mono-confessional Lutheran societies. It argues that the Lutheran two regiments theory can be developed along a different path, regaining some emphases in Luther’s early reflections: it can thereby contribute to an improved understanding of the role not only of the church but also of the state. While a number of Lutheran theologians believe that Lutheran teaching on the two regiments is particularly difficult to apply today, with some even contending that it should simply be abandoned, this article argues that Lutheran teaching on the two regiments could present a potential for a relevant understanding of the relationship between church, state, and society, and its ethical implications in a contemporary pluralistic society.
2
Schwarz, Hans. "The Lutheran Church and Lutheran Theology in Korea1". Dialog 50, nr 3 (wrzesień 2011): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6385.2011.00625.x.
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Markkola, Pirjo. "The Long History of Lutheranism in Scandinavia. From State Religion to the People’s Church". Perichoresis 13, nr 2 (1.10.2015): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/perc-2015-0007.
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Abstract As the main religion of Finland, but also of entire Scandinavia, Lutheranism has a centuries-long history. Until 1809 Finland formed the eastern part of the Swedish Kingdom, from 1809 to 1917 it was a Grand Duchy within the Russian Empire, and in 1917 Finland gained independence. In the 1520s the Lutheran Reformation reached the Swedish realm and gradually Lutheranism was made the state religion in Sweden. In the 19th century the Emperor in Russia recognized the official Lutheran confession and the status of the Lutheran Church as a state church in Finland. In the 20th century Lutheran church leaders preferred to use the concept people’s church. The Lutheran Church is still the majority church. In the beginning of 2015, some 74 percent of all Finns were members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland. In this issue of Perichoresis, Finnish historians interested in the role of church and Christian faith in society look at the religious history of Finland and Scandinavia. The articles are mainly organized in chronological order, starting from the early modern period and covering several centuries until the late 20th century and the building of the welfare state in Finland. This introductory article gives a brief overview of state-church relations in Finland and presents the overall theme of this issue focusing on Finnish Lutheranism. Our studies suggest that 16th and early 17th century Finland may not have been quite so devoutly Lutheran as is commonly claimed, and that late 20th century Finland may have been more Lutheran than is commonly realized.
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Marshall, Bruce. "Lutherans, Bishops, and the Divided Church". Ecclesiology 1, nr 2 (2005): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744136605051885.
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AbstractLutheran teaching on ministry, as embodied in the Lutheran Confessions, includes a strong preference for the traditional episcopate and threefold ministry of the Western church, while granting that the church can, if necessary, live without them. This teaching permits Lutheran churches that do not have episcopal succession to adopt it from churches (whether or not Lutheran) that do. As the ongoing controversy over the Lutheran/Anglican agreement in the US exemplifies, however, Lutheran churches have been highly resistant to this step. The reasons for this are not peculiar to Lutheranism, but lie in the assumption of denominational self-sufficiency which affects virtually all modern ecumenism.
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Gruk, Wojciech. "Alle drey Ding vollkomen sind! On the Meaning of Naming the Church after Holy Trinity According to Josua Wegelin, Preacher in Pressburg, Anno 1640". Periodica Polytechnica Architecture 48, nr 1 (12.04.2017): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppar.10125.
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Based on two erudite occasional prints from 1640, commemorating the consecration of the new Lutheran church in Bratislava, the article concerns the meaning of a church name in the mid-17th century Lutheran religious culture. The issue is set and discussed in the broader context of Lutheran theology regarding places of cult: what is a Lutheran place of cult, what is its sacredness, what is the relationship between church architecture and the worship space it determines. From the perspective of cultural studies, the article provides an insight into the process of imposing the architecture with symbolic meaning.
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Imeldawati, Tiur, Rencan Charisma Marbun i Warseto Freddy Sihombing. "Ekklesiologi Martin Luther Sebagai Dasar Tata Gereja Aliran Lutheran di Indonesia". Jurnal Teologi Cultivation 6, nr 2 (31.12.2022): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.46965/jtc.v6i2.1667.
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Martin Luther as a great theologian has left a theological view that has a wide influence in the world, especially for the Lutheran churches. Martin Luther's ecclesiology has also been used as the basis for the Lutheran church order. What did Luther believe about ecclesiology? This is what this research tries to examine, and Luther's view has become the basis for Lutheran churches to carry out church programs related to their marturia, koinonia and diakonia. Has anything changed after hundreds of years have passed and how do Lutheran churches live up to Luther's belief in church life? This is what is studied in the research conducted by the author. This is interesting because the great influence of a Luther has been recognized by the world church.
7
Edwards, Denis. "Synodality and primacy: Reflections from the Australian Lutheran/Roman Catholic Dialogue". Pacifica: Australasian Theological Studies 28, nr 2 (czerwiec 2015): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1030570x16648972.
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A fundamental level of Receptive Ccumenism is that of the reception by a dialoguing church of an institutional charism of a partner church as a gift of the Spirit. It is proposed here that in the Lutheran/Roman Catholic Dialogue in Australia, this kind of receptivity has been evident in two ways. First, at least in part through this dialogue, the Lutheran Church of Australia has come to a new reception of episcopacy. Second, in and through this same dialogue, Roman Catholic participants have come to see that their church has much to receive from the Lutheran Church of Australia with regard to synodality, above all in fully involving the lay faithful in synodal structures of church life.
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Asta, Theodore W. "Sixteenth-Century Lutheran Church Orders". Liturgy 9, nr 4 (styczeń 1991): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/04580639109408750.
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Siebein, Gary, Hyun Paek i Joshua Fisher. "Grace Lutheran Church, Naples FL". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 119, nr 5 (maj 2006): 3370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4786523.
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Eligator, Ronald. "Roseville Lutheran Church, Roseville, MN". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 119, nr 5 (maj 2006): 3399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4786717.
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Hiebsch, Sabine. "Dutch Lutheran Women on the Pulpit". Church History and Religious Culture 103, nr 3-4 (18.12.2023): 259–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18712428-10303014.
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Abstract In the course of the Twentieth century, the roles for women in Protestant churches in Europe expanded to include the possibility of participating in the church office of minister. For the Evangelical-Lutheran Church in the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the year 2022 marked the centenary of women in the ordained ministry. On June 12, 1922, the Lutheran synod decided that, according to the existing regulations, women could also be admitted as candidates for the ministry. In 1929 Jantine Auguste Haumersen (1881–1967) became the first female Lutheran minister in the Netherlands and worldwide. This made the Lutheran church, after the Mennonites and the Remonstrants, the third denomination in the Netherlands where women could hold the office of minister. Utilizing a broad cultural analysis and based on recent extensive archival research this article describes the turning points in the development of women’s ordained ministry in the Lutheran Church in the Netherlands.
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Mashabela, James Kenokeno. "Lutheran Theological Education to Christian Education in (South) Africa: A Decolonial Conversion in the African Church". Religions 15, nr 4 (12.04.2024): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel15040479.
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It can be debated whether a Lutheran identity is still relevant in the midst of ecumenical development in (South) Africa, with special reference to theological education and Christian education. The Lutheran Church is a unique body within the ecumenical family as it contributes to work on the mission of God. Theological education and Christian education are educational centres which aim to promote social justice towards community development. These two educational centres are branches of the Lutheran Church. Taking into account the fact that theological education and Christian education were introduced by European and American missionaries with various church traditions in (South) Africa as part of community development, the purpose of this article is to discuss the impact of Lutheran theological education and Christian education, to demonstrate their contribution in the church, and call for their decolonisation and contextualisation.
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Sojka, Jerzy. "Lutheran service to the migrants. Global and Polish experiences". Ecumeny and Law 9, nr 1 (29.06.2021): 67–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/eal.2021.09.1.04.
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The article presents Lutheran engagement for migrants, using the examples of activities undertaken by the Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland, as well as by the Lutheran World Federation, which is the biggest global organisation of Lutheran Churches all over the world. In case of the Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession the text provides an overview of the initiatives undertaken since 2015 in service to the migrants on the parish and Church levels, as well as in cooperation with ecumenical partners (including the activities within the Polish Ecumenical Council and in cooperation with the Catholic Church). In case of the Lutheran World Federation, the first step was to present the theological justification for the Federation’s engagement in the work for migrants, and the next one — to outline the characteristics of the work of the Department for World Service (Federation’s humanitarian agency) in 2018.
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Haapalainen, Anna. "An emerging trend of charismatic religiosity in the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland". Approaching Religion 5, nr 1 (26.05.2015): 98–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.30664/ar.67568.
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The membership rates of the Evangelical Lutheran Church are declining; thus its position in society is becoming more and more precarious. This article focuses on a description of how charismatic religiosity, as one possible answer to the challenges faced, has gained a foothold inside the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland and what might be the premises that have made its emergence within an institutionalized Evangelical Lutheran religion possible. Because of the several decades of work done by the association known as Spiritual Renewal in Our Church, the publication of the Bishops’ Commendation, and the Church’s awakening to the ‘crisis of the folk church’, more doors have been opened to collaboration and the search for sources of inspiration.
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Mashabela, K., i M. Madise. "An ongoing search of constant and sustainable Lutheran Theological Education in South Africa in the 21st century." Acta Theologica 43, nr 1 (30.06.2023): 60–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.38140/at.v43i1.7039.
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This article explores the recent history of Lutheran theological education in South Africa, which is still confronted by the legacy of colonial and apartheid education systems. The latter need to be confronted with liberation and decolonisation systems that reclaim African indigenous identities. There is a need to cultivate a culture of quality and equal education, spirituality, politics, and socio-economic systems for the service of South Africans. Evangelical Lutheran churches inSouthern Africa are committed to improve and reform Lutheran theological education in the 21st century. Lutheran theological education is necessary to make a meaningful contribution towards training theological students to assist the church in its response to societal concern and contextual issues. The article introduces a recent renewal of Lutheran theological institutions in a new teaching and learning environment by the Lutheran Church. It discusses the implications and successes of Lutheran theological education in South Africa.
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Witmer, Olga. "Clandestine Lutheranism in the eighteenth-century Dutch Cape Colony*". Historical Research 93, nr 260 (25.04.2020): 309–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hisres/htaa007.
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Abstract This article examines the survival strategies of Lutheran dissenters in the eighteenth-century Dutch Cape Colony. The Cape Colony was officially a Reformed settlement during the rule of the Dutch East India Company (V.O.C.) but also had a significant Lutheran community. Until the Lutherans received recognition in 1780, part of the community chose to uphold their faith in secret. The survival of Lutheranism in the Cape Colony was due to the efforts of a group of Cape Lutheran activists and the support network they established with ministers of the Danish-Halle Mission, the Francke Foundations, the Moravian Church and the Lutheran Church in Amsterdam.
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Murthy, Jayabalan. "Christianity and Its Impact on the Lives of Kallars in Tamil Nadu Who Embraced the Faith, in Comparison to Those Who Did Not: Special Reference to Kallar Tamil Lutheran Christians in Tamil Nadu". Religions 14, nr 5 (27.04.2023): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14050582.
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The German and Swedish Lutheran Mission was a major and pioneering Protestant mission society that started its mission work in Tamil Nadu. The Halle Danish, Leipzig mission, and Church of Sweden mission societies had a larger mission field in Tamil Nadu. Tamil Evangelical Lutheran Christians are intimately associated with the German Lutheran Mission and Swedish Mission. The first German Lutheran missionaries, Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg and Heinrich Plütschau, came to India in 1706. From then on, many Lutheran missionaries came to Tamil Nadu. Afterwards Tamil Nadu became a thriving Christian center for decades, with a strong Christian congregation, church, and several institutions. The majority of these Christians are descendants of Dalits (former untouchable Paraiyars) and Kallars who embraced Christianity. From a life of near slavery, poverty, illiteracy, oppression, and indignity, conversion to Christianity transformed the lives of these people. Tamil Evangelical Lutheran Dalits and Kallars found liberation and have made significant progress because of the Christian missionaries of the Church of the German and Swedish Mission. Both the German and Swedish Mission offered the Gospel of a new religion to not only the subaltern people but also the possibility of secular salvation. The history of Lutherans needs to be understood as a part of Christian subaltern history (Analysing the Indian mission history from the native perspective). My paper will mainly focus on Tamil Lutheran Dalit and Kallar Christians. In this paper, I propose to elucidate the role of German and Swedish Lutheran missionaries in the social, economic, educational, and spiritual life of Tamil Lutheran Dalits and Kallars. Due to the page limit, I am going to mainly focus on Swedish Mission and Kallar Lutheran Christians.
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Jürgensen, Martin Wangsgaard. "Between New Ideals and Conservatism: The Early Lutheran Church Interior in Sixteenth-Century Denmark". Church History 86, nr 4 (grudzień 2017): 1041–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640717002104.
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This essay examines how the Lutheran Reformation changed church spaces in the Danish kingdom after 1536—the official year of Reformation in Denmark. Rather than addressing the long-term consequences of the Reformation, the essay demonstrates how the ideas of the first and second generation of reformers came to be expressed in churches; that is, how the reception of Lutheran thinking was materialized in church interiors prior to what is commonly known as the period of Lutheran orthodoxy. This early period of change, spanning the second half of the sixteenth century, is particularly fickle and difficult to grasp, not only because many of the first Lutheran Church fittings were replaced in later centuries, but also because the speed at which the new religious ideals found their way into churches varied greatly from region to region. Nevertheless, certain trends emerged that are still evident today. While these short-lived, idealistic attempts at a new evangelical church interior failed as a whole, they nevertheless left a pronounced impact on the churches in general.
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Perry, Alan T. "Joint Assembly of the Anglican Church of Canada and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada". Ecclesiastical Law Journal 16, nr 1 (13.12.2013): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x13000902.
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In 2001 the Anglican Church of Canada's General Synod and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada's National Convention, meeting concurrently in Waterloo, Ontario, agreed to a relationship of Full Communion. Readers will be familiar with the Porvoo Communion and the associated Declaration. The Waterloo Declaration is similar in effect and borrows some wording from the Porvoo Declaration, the key difference being that, in the Canadian context, Anglican and Lutheran churches share the same territory, which provides greater opportunity for day-to-day collaboration.
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Rynkowski, Michał. "Religion in Criminal Law". Ecclesiastical Law Journal 11, nr 1 (10.12.2008): 104–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x09001756.
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The twentieth Annual Congress of the European Consortium for Church and State Research was held in Järvenpää in Finland, on the subject of Religion in Criminal Law. It was held at the Training College of the Evangelical-Lutheran Church, hosted by and ceremonially opened by Matti Repo, Bishop of the Evangelical-Lutheran Church of Finland, Joni Hiitola from the Ministry of Education and Professor Sophie van Bijsterveld, President of the European Consortium.
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Hage, Jan, i Marcel Barnard. "Muziek als missie: Over Willem Mudde en zijn betekenis voor de kerkmuziek". NTT Journal for Theology and the Study of Religion 66, nr 4 (18.11.2012): 283–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/ntt2012.66.283.hage.
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Under the influence of Calvinism, the musical situation in the Protestant churches in the Netherlands was for a long time marked by sobriety, with attention focused on congregational singing. In the 20th century, church music gained importance through a dominant flow of Lutheran influence. Generally, the liturgical movement highlighted the role of music in worship. The Lutheran church musician Willem Mudde successfully called attention to the German church music reform movement. Inspired by the writings of the German theologian Oskar Söhngen, he strived to apply the ideals and practices of this German movement to the Dutch Protestant churches. He succeeded through his zeal and organisational skills, not only in the Lutheran church but also in other Protestant churches. The idealistic character and educational aims of the movement, however, could not offset the growing individualism and the ongoing crisis in the churches.
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Jodon, Cole Christian. "Ecclesial Visibility as a Byproduct of Discipleship: Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s Understanding of the Visible Church and Its Ecumenical Implications". Pro Ecclesia: A Journal of Catholic and Evangelical Theology 29, nr 2 (10.12.2019): 198–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1063851219891533.
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This article provides an account of Bonhoeffer’s understanding of church visibility, and considers the implications that account has for the contemporary Catholic-Lutheran dialogue. By tracing the roles of divine and human agency within Bonhoeffer’s understanding of church visibility, the article argues that Bonhoeffer understands church visibility as a byproduct of discipleship. Applied to the Catholic-Lutheran dialogue, such an account implies that church visibility ought not be a goal of the dialogue, but rather an inevitable byproduct of discipleship to Christ which takes place as Christians follow after Christ together.
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Harmati, Béla László. "European Influences: Local Solutions The Pulpit Altar as a Means of Expression". Periodica Polytechnica Architecture 48, nr 1 (10.07.2017): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppar.11183.
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In the Evangelical-Lutheran Church, the use of pulpit altars has never been obligatory or exclusive. However, the importance of the cult centre in the increasingly uniform internal space as a principle of interior design brought this form into life; one that is exclusively characteristic of the Evangelical-Lutheran Church. In Hungary, pulpit altars were built from the time of the Edict of Tolerance (1781) until the end of the 19th century. In their form, they were mostly to local specifications and options, which played an important role over and above the strong Western European influences. In the evolution of the typology, it is not only the interaction between the Catholic and Reformed elements that can be pinpointed but also the national differences so characteristic within the Evangelical-Lutheran Church.The Slovak, German and Hungarian speaking Lutheran communities, with their diversified and unique relationships, had enriched the forms used in church furnishing in Hungary; this can best be seen in the pulpit altars constructed in the same period.
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Tilli, Jouni. "The Construction of Authority in Finnish Lutheran Clerical War Rhetoric: A Pentadic Analysis". Journal of Communication and Religion 39, nr 3 (2016): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jcr201639316.
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Finland's Winter War (1939–40) against the Soviet Union had been defensive, but the so-called Continuation War that broke out in June 1941 was not. This offensive operation demanded thorough justification, because neither the troops nor the public were unanimous about embarking on an offensive campaign in alliance with Nazi Germany. The Lutheran clergy were important in legitimizing the war because priests had formal power deriving from the peculiar relationship between the Finnish state and the Lutheran Church, whereby they were de jure officials of the state as well as of the church. Drawing on Christian and biblical imagery to support the war, they reached a receptive audience, as nearly 96 per cent of Finns belonged to the Lutheran Church. This article uses Kenneth Burke’s dramatistic pentad to analyze how the Lutheran clergy constructed their authority rhetorically during the Continuation War 1941–1944, strategically shifting the grammatical and theological foundation of that authority as the war progressed.
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Dreyer, Rasmus H. C. "Konkordiebog og Kirkeordinans". Dansk Teologisk Tidsskrift 86, nr 2 (18.09.2023): 158–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/dtt.v86i2.140683.
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The Book of Concord (1580) is the normative collection of confessions in the worldwide Lutheran Church. The present Danish Lutheran Church is an exception due to Danish King Frederik II’s rejection of the Book of Concord in 1580. This article reviews the historical background for the Book of Concord and especially the history and theology of the Formula Concord. It pays special attention to the use of Luther and Confessio Augustana (Invariata) as theological authorities in Formula Concord. In Denmark, Philippist theology was the predominant way of thinking theology in the late 16th century, yet it is not barely the contrast to a presumed Gnesiolutheran biased Formula Concord, which can explain the Danish rejection of Book of Concord and Formula Concord. Denmark already had a collection of confessions, a corpora doctrinae, the article argues, in form of its Church Ordinance (1537/39) (co-authored by Wittenberg-theologian Bugenhagen) and i.a. the Niels Hemmingsen authored legislative documents, De Tabella de Coena Domini (1557) and the Foreigner’s Articles (1569). Furthermore, Danish foreign policy was to a greater extent than the other Lutheran countries bound by an expectation of Catholic reaction and for that reason the need for a pan-Protestant alliance. In this way, the Danish process of fixing a Lutheran confession resulted in a more pragmatic way of being a confessional Lutheran church and state.
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Auvinen-Pöntinen, Mari-Anna. "Pneumatological Challenges to Postcolonial Lutheran Mission in the Tswana Context". Mission Studies 32, nr 3 (15.10.2015): 353–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15733831-12341414.
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This article analyses pneumatological thinking as it appears in postcolonial mission in the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Botswana (elcb), thereby engaging with challenges being posed by the new Pentecostal Churches and African Independent Churches in the region.1 These “spiritual churches” are attracting increasing numbers of worshippers with the result that the Lutheran Church is currently facing the dual challenge of both the new phenomenon and the historical colonial heritage of the missionary era. Pneumatological thinking in theelcbis examined from an epistemic point of view, and the difficulties and strengths in both the postcolonial Lutheran mission and the new religiosity are evaluated.
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Tilli, Jouni. "‘Deus Vult!’ The Idea of Crusading in Finnish Clerical War Rhetoric, 1941–1944". War in History 24, nr 3 (14.02.2017): 362–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0968344515625683.
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Finland’s Winter War (1939–40) against the Soviet Union had been defensive, but the so-called Continuation War that broke out in June 1941 was not. This offensive operation in alliance with Nazi Germany demanded a thorough justification. The Lutheran clergy were important in legitimizing the war because the priests were de jure officials of the state, as well as of the church. Also, nearly 96 per cent of Finns belonged to the Lutheran Church. This article analyses how the Lutheran clergy used crusading imagery in the Continuation War, 1941–4, strategically shifting the emphasis as the war progressed.
28
Põder, Christine Svinth-Værge, i Johanne Stubbe Teglbjærg Kristensen. "Retfærdiggørelse som troens indhold og teologiens norm". Dansk Teologisk Tidsskrift 86, nr 2 (18.09.2023): 132–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/dtt.v86i2.140682.
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Among the Confessions of the Danish Evangelical-Lutheran Church, the Augsburg Confession plays a special role as the one which, together with Luther’s Little Catechism, expresses the Lutheran identity of the Danish Evangelical-Lutheran Church. Among the Augsburg Confession’s articles, article number four has traditionally been considered the center of the entire confession and thus seen as an expression of the basic content of faith and hence also as the norm of theology. If one looks at the later, modern and contemporary Lutheran discussions of article four more closely, they concern above all discussions about how the connection between the content of faith and the norm of faith should be understood. In this contribution, we affirm the importance, depth and contemporary relevance of this discussion and propose an open interpretation that does not reduce Lutheran theology to a matter of either content or norm, but rather asks about the context of content and the limits and possibilities the methods of theology.
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Linck, Stephan. "Judenhass und Judenmission. Das Verhältnis der Hamburger Evangelisch-Lutherischen Landeskirche zum Judentum". Aschkenas 30, nr 2 (25.11.2020): 373–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/asch-2020-0018.
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AbstractHow does a Lutheran church behave towards Jews when its tradition cultivates deep-seated hatred of Jews, but sees the theological task of missionizing them to Christianity? Using the example of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Hamburg, the essay tries to understand how the relationship with Judaism developed during the German Empire and the Weimar Republic. In the Nazi era, the church welcomed racist anti-Semitism, but did not introduce the »Aryan paragraph« in the church. She partially and only secretly fulfilled her duty to protect baptized Jews and their descendants as church members. It was only in the 1950s that a changed attitude towards Judaism began and for the first time there started a dialogue.
30
Freeman, David Fors. ""Those Persistent Lutherans": the Survival of Wesel's Minority Lutheran Community, 1578-1612". Nederlands Archief voor Kerkgeschiedenis / Dutch Review of Church History 85, nr 1 (2005): 397–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187607505x00245.
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AbstractThis essay analyzes the various strategies Lutherans in the German city of Wesel pursued in securing their status as a minority church during the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Through petitioning their magistrates, securing competent clergy, and obtaining support from their Lutheran Diaspora and a variety of external political authorities, the Lutherans eventually achieved their goals of public worship in their own church as part of the klevish Lutheran synod.
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Tunheim, Katherine A., i Mary Kay DuChene. "The Professional Journeys and Experiences in Leadership of Evangelical Lutheran Church in America Women Bishops". Advances in Developing Human Resources 18, nr 2 (12.04.2016): 204–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1523422316641896.
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The Problem There are 70.5 million Lutherans in the world, with numbers increasing in Asia and Africa. Currently, only 14% of the Lutheran bishops are women, an increase from 10% in 2011. The role of bishop is a complex leadership position, requiring one to lead up to 150 churches and pastors in a geographical area. With more than 50% of the Lutheran church population comprised of women, their gender and voices are not being represented or heard at the highest levels of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA). With one billion women projected to enter the workforce globally in the next two decades, more needs to be written and understood about women church leaders, such as Lutheran bishops. The purpose of this study was to explore the journeys of women who achieved the office of bishop, to glean what can be learned for the benefit of other women who might be called to these higher levels of leadership in the church. The Solution This research suggests that 70% of the ELCA women bishops interviewed had unique career journeys, important spouse support, few women mentors, many challenges, and key leadership competencies required for the role. These findings can be helpful to future Lutheran and other Christian church leaders. It can help current and future women bishops understand what is expected in the role so they can be more successful in it. Leadership development recommendations are also suggested for seminary and higher education administrators and educators. The Stakeholders This research contributes to the literature in human resource development (HRD) by concentrating on the experiences of women leaders in the church—specifically women who have achieved the office of Bishop of the ELCA. The findings offer insights that can benefit scholars and practitioners alike, as well as current and future women leaders across the globe, in the church setting as well as other settings.
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Sopanen, Matleena. "Led by the Spirit and the Church: Finland's Licensed Lutheran Lay Preachers, c.1870–1923". Studies in Church History 57 (21.05.2021): 277–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/stc.2021.14.
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This article examines the interplay between religious agency and institutional control. The Church Law of 1869 gave members of the Lutheran Church of Finland the right to apply to chapters for permission to preach. Men who passed the examinations became licensed lay preachers, who could take part in teaching Christianity and give sermons in church buildings. Applicants had varying backgrounds, skills and motivations. In order to avoid any disruption in church life, they had to be screened carefully and kept under clerical supervision. However, licensed lay preachers could also be of great help to the church. In a rapidly changing modern society with a growing population and a recurring lack of pastors, the church could not afford to disregard lay aid. The article shows how the Lutheran Church both encouraged and constrained the agency of the licensed lay preachers.
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Balabeikina, Olga A., Valeria Yu Korobushchenko i Vladimir M. Razumovsky. "Evangelical Lutheran church of Denmark: socio-economic and territorial-organisational aspects". Baltic Region 16, nr 1 (2024): 100–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/2079-8555-2024-1-6.
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The study exemplifies the use of an institutional-territorial approach for a comprehensive description of a national denominational landscape. The article aims to provide such an account by analysing relevant official data and performing statistical processing using computational tools. The focus is on the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Denmark and its administrative-territorial structures. The study places emphasis on the financial aspect, one seldom discussed in academic discourse. The denominational landscape of Denmark is a multicomponent system, with the National Lutheran Church holding a distinctive legal status as a dominant entity. Its historical and social significance, along with the ability to preserve functions that mirror those of the state, allow the Church of Denmark to maintain its civilisational and culture-building role for the populace, especially the indigenous one. However, Denmark is not exempt from the secular trends prevalent in the Nordic countries. One notable tendency is the decline in adherents of the Evangelical Lutheran Church observed over recent decades. This decline is most evident in the capital region, where the proportion of migrants in the population is higher and daily life is more vibrant than in other areas. Territorial variations in religiously motivated behaviour are evident, with the highest percentages observed in the country’s peripheral regions (despite the overall figures showing a negative trend). These areas also boast the most significant proportion of registered members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. Exploring non-Christian religions in Denmark presents a promising avenue for future research.
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Robin, A. Leaver. "Motive and Motif in the Church Music of Johann Sebastian Bach". Theology Today 63, nr 1 (kwiecień 2006): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004057360606300105.
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Johann Sebastian Bach stands in a long line of Lutheran composers who used musical forms to convey theological concepts that reaches back to Luther himself. Lutheran theologians and musicians used the Latin formula viva vox evangelii to define their understanding of music as the living voice of the gospel. Here is presented first an overview of this Lutheran tradition, and then an examination of specific examples from Bach's musical works that expound specific theological concepts such as the doctrine of the Trinity, the distinction between law and gospel, the nature of discipleship, and christological hermeneutics in general.
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Rasmussen. "Finnish Evangelical Lutheran Church 1904 Confirmation Class". Oregon Historical Quarterly 122, nr 1 (2021): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5403/oregonhistq.122.1.0078.
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Rasmussen, Barbara. "Finnish Evangelical Lutheran Church 1904 Confirmation Class". Oregon Historical Quarterly 122, nr 1 (2021): 78–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ohq.2021.0022.
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Duty, Ronald W. "Moral Deliberation in a Public Lutheran Church". Dialog: A Journal of Theology 45, nr 4 (grudzień 2006): 338–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6385.2006.00289.x.
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lee, Kayoung. "Bach's Church Cantatas and Lutheran Theological Languages". Music Theory Forum 30, nr 2 (30.12.2023): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.16940/ymr.2023.30.2.9.
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Karttunen, Tomi. "The Lutheran Theology of Ordained Ministry in the Finnish Context". Ecclesiology 16, nr 3 (12.10.2020): 361–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17455316-bja10001.
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Abstract Martin Luther’s ordination formulary (1539) followed the early Church in its essential elements of the word, prayer, and the laying on of hands. Ordination was also strongly epicletic, including the invocation of the Holy Spirit. Although Luther did not understand ordination as a sacrament, he affirmed its effective, instrumental character. The Lutheran Reformation retained bishops, but the Augsburg Confession’s article concerning ministry did not mention episcopacy. The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland’s ordination is by a bishop through the word, prayer, and laying on of hands. Ordination is not merely the public confirmation of vocation but an instrumental and sacramentally effective act, in which benediction confers the ministry. If the Church is Christ’s presence and the incarnate Word is the basic sacrament in Lutheran-Roman Catholic dialogue, is a differentiated consensus possible concerning the ministry of word and sacrament, and ordination within this context, as a means of grace indwelt by God?
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Старковская, О. А. "History of Publishing Activities of Lutheran Communities in St. Petersburg: Evangelical Lutheran Church of Ingria in Russia". Христианское чтение, nr 1 (1.03.2024): 343–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47132/1814-5574_2024_1_343.
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Одна из крупнейших современных лютеранских церквей нашей страны — Евангелическо-лютеранская церковь Ингрии на территории России (ЕЛЦИ) — была основана в 1992 г. С момента своего основания церковь занимается издательской деятельностью, выпуская как периодические, так и книжные издания на русском языке. Учитывая тот факт, что церковь не занимается коммерческим распространением своих изданий и по этой причине не ведет систематического ретроспективного и текущего библиографического учета издательской продукции, настоящая статья представляет собой наиболее полный книговедческий обзор репертуара изданий ЕЛЦИ за весь период ее существования. Целью обзора является выявление тематических направлений издательской деятельности религиозной организации, а также основных этапов ее развития и особенностей издательской политики. Большинство представленных изданий проанализированы автором de visu. В рамках обзора были рассмотрены также способы взаимодействия ЕЛЦИ с различными фондами и издательствами. One of the largest modern Lutheran churches in our country, the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Ingria in Russia was founded in 1992. Since its foundation, the Church has been engaged in publishing activities, releasing both periodicals and books in Russian. In view of the fact that the Church does not distribute its publications commercially and, for this reason, does not maintain a systematic retrospective and current bibliographic record of publishing products, this article appears to be the most complete bibliographic review of the publishing repertoire of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Ingria for the entire period of its existence. The purpose of the review is to identify thematic areas of ELCI publishing activities, as well as the main stages of its development and the features of the publishing policy. Most of the publications presented in the review have been analyzed de visu by the author. Within the review, methods of interaction between the Church and various foundations and publishing houses were also considered.
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Erling, Maria. "The Coming of Lutheran Ministries to America". Ecclesiology 1, nr 1 (2004): 56–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/174413660400100103.
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AbstractThis article examines the historical and theological foundations of Lutheran doctrines of the ministry of word and sacrament in the Reformation and the Confessional documents and how this inheritance was transposed to the American context. Against this background, it considers the debates on ministerial issues that surrounded the founding of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America and the challenges with regard to ministry and mission that face Lutherans in America today as a result of fresh immigration and tensions between the local and the wider church.
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Eremeeva, Natalya. "Heresy and Adiaphora in Lutheran Dogma". Logos et Praxis, nr 3 (wrzesień 2023): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lp.jvolsu.2023.3.7.
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This article is a historical, philosophical, and religious analysis of the reception of the concepts of "heresy" and "adiaphora" in Lutheran dogmatics. There is tension between the condemnation of heresies in Lutheran confessional books and the unconditional recognition of heresies as such by all Lutheran denominations. The problem of understanding the term "heresy" among Lutherans is considered, and a conclusion is made about the similarity of the terminological reception of the Reformation period with the era of the early church, when the lack of a clear definition of the concept of "heresy" did not prevent it from being used in a polemical sense, loading it with negative connotations in order to emphasize the unity of true Christian teaching. Such Lutheran confessional books as "Augsburg Confession", which is a sufficient basis for confessional self-determination and is recognized by all conservative and liberal Lutheran denominations, and the "Formula of Concord", which strictly defines the boundaries of Lutheran confessional identity, are studied. A number of historical examples of heresies mentioned and condemned by Lutheran theologians in the corpus of religious confessional writings are considered. The fact of the practical acceptance of church tradition by confessional Lutherans, in particular the results of the first ecumenical councils, the patristic tradition as evidence of faith and understanding of Holy Scripture, as well as a number of other significant aspects of church heritage, is emphasized. The change in the context of the use of the concept of "adiaphora" is analyzed, a conclusion is made about the preservation of the semantics of the term "adiaphora" in essence, and it is proved that the ethical context of its use among the Stoic philosophers and in the patristic tradition is transformed into a dogmatic one in Lutheranism. It is emphasized that this paradigm contributes to the formation of a tolerant attitude among Lutherans towards dissent and heterodoxy, which opens up opportunities for interreligious dialogue and the development of interchurch communication. A generalizing conclusion is made about the role of discussions of early Lutheranism in the formation of key tenets of Lutheran teaching and Lutheran confessional identity.
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Peterson, Anna M. "Resistance, Transculturation, and Survivance at the Bethany Indian Mission". Social Sciences and Missions 36, nr 3-4 (14.12.2023): 227–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18748945-bja10074.
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Abstract This article details an act of Native American protest against the Bethany Indian Mission and the Norwegian Lutheran Church in 1938. In doing so, it engages in and contributes to theoretical discussions of accommodation, transculturation, resistance, and survivance. In 1938 Ho-Chunk in Wisconsin sent a written petition to the Norwegian Lutheran Church in America calling for the removal of the Superintendent of the nearby Bethany Indian Mission. By articulating their grievances in a formal letter sent to Church administrators, the Ho-Chunk invoked a relationship with the Church. The Church did not recognize this mutual relationship with the Ho-Chunk. Instead, Church leaders clearly communicated that its relationship with Native American congregants was tenuous and contingent on numerous factors. The Ho-Chunk signatories contested this unequal relationship, and while the superintendent remained in his position until 1955, their actions prompted the superintendent to both apologize and seek new opportunities to gain the Ho-Chunks’ trust.
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Turnbloom, David Farina. "A Pneumatological Description of Sacrifice for Mitigating Idolatry". Studia Liturgica 50, nr 2 (wrzesień 2020): 211–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0039320720946027.
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The nature of eucharistic sacrifice has been an ongoing point of contention between the Lutheran Church and the Roman Catholic Church. Drawing from the pneumatology and sacramental theology of Thomas Aquinas, this article provides a way of describing eucharistic sacrifice that is intended to help avoid the idolatrous notions of sacrifice often found lurking in eucharistic theology. The article concludes by using the linguistic concepts of metaphor and synecdoche to describe the way that the language of “sacrifice” can be strategically used to mitigate the concerns that continue to arise in Lutheran/Catholic dialogues.
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Enggaard, Nete Helene. "Liturgisk reformarbejde i Danmark". Dansk Teologisk Tidsskrift 85, nr 2 (19.10.2022): 151–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/dtt.v85i2.134336.
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In 2016 the Danish bishops initiated an “historical experiment”, viz. the so-called liturgical debate in the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church of the years 2017-2021. The aim of the debate was to involve theological scholars, pastors and lay people in the discussion of the liturgical texts that regulate the celebration of the Sunday service and the sacraments. This historical experiment re-opened classical questions regarding the right to initiate liturgical reforms and regulate liturgical rules in the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church. It also re-opened the question of authority in the Church. This article outlines the most important historical discussions and developments from the Church Ritual (Kirkeritualet) of 1537/39 until the present day in order to shed light on how and by whom liturgical reforms were and still are initiated and executed in Denmark. A special focus is put on the interaction between state, church and people.
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Johansson, Torbjörn. "Religion in the Public Sphere—with Dietrich Bonhoeffer towards a Renewed Understanding of ‘the Two Kingdoms’". International Journal of Public Theology 9, nr 3 (14.08.2015): 269–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15697320-12341402.
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In this article Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s critical reception of the Lutheran doctrine of the two kingdoms is related to the discussion about religion and politics in liberal democracies. Bonhoeffer experienced not only how the church isolated itself from the political sphere—by a ‘pseudo-Lutheran’ doctrine of the two kingdoms—but also how the church was politicized and abused by Deutsche Christen. His theological thinking is therefore a helpful starting point to formulate a theology which is politically relevant without being transformed into politics. Against the background of Bonhoeffer’s theology an argument is advanced that a renewed understanding of the two kingdoms assists the church in being focused on the Gospel, at the same time as it can also give the church instruments to be present in the public sphere with well-defined pretensions, which clarifies whether the assertions of the church are based on revelation or on public reason.
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Lindberg, Hanna. "Lutheranism and Welfare State Expertise. The Example of Heikki Waris". Perichoresis 13, nr 2 (1.10.2015): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/perc-2015-0012.
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Abstract The article examines the role of Christianity in the work of Heikki Waris (1901-1989), Professor of Social Policy at the University of Helsinki from 1948 to 1968. In studies on the historical foundations of different models of welfare, Lutheranism is often mentioned as a characteristic feature of the Nordic model. Previous research has, however, not to any larger extent examined the role of religion when analysing the work of so-called welfare experts. The article draws attention to importance of Christianity and the Lutheran Church, when analysing the work of a central architect of the Finnish welfare state. The article examines how Waris’ background within the Settlement movement influenced his later academic and social political work. Furthermore, it looks at how Waris dealt with religion, Christianity, the Lutheran Church and faith in his work on social policy and social change. The connection between social policy and Christianity is analysed more closely, both in Waris’ academic texts and the reports he wrote for the Lutheran Church on the challenges of the modern world.
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Kristensen, Johanne Stubbe Teglbjærg, i Nete Helene Enggaard. "Dansk nadverpraksis 2020-21". Dansk Teologisk Tidsskrift 85, nr 1 (10.06.2022): 5–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/dtt.v85i1.132855.
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In this article, we describe and analyze the discussion of the celebration of the Lords Supper in the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church during the pandemic 2020-21. We notice that the Lutheran World Federation as well the Swedish and Norwegian bishops expressed or recommended a no to any attempts at a digital celebration of the Lords Supper. We also emphasize that most Danish pastors were spontaneously careful in their practice and hesitated towards the attempt at a digital celebration. Nonetheless, some Danish bishops seemed to assume that this was possible and their assumption became the beginning of a discussion in a few Danish media, primarily in Kristeligt Dagblad. In the article, we analyze this Danish discussion in the context of the confessional writings of the Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church and argue for a hesitating position that calls for more research. This presupposes that the confessional writings were written in a different, non-digitalized, context, and it takes into account knowledge that already exist on Lutheran understandings of the Lords Supper e.g. in the Book of Concord.
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Sojka, Jerzy. "Synod w tradycji luterańskiej". Łódzkie Studia Teologiczne 32, nr 1 (25.04.2023): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.52097/lst.2023.1.149-165.
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The article presents the experience of synodal work from the Lutheran perspective. For this purpose, it presents the most important global synodal body of Lutheranism – the General Assemblies of the Lutheran World Federation, as well as the most important body of this type in the Polish context – the Synod of the Evangelical Church of Augsburg Confession in Poland. Then, the powers of both these bodies are analyzed to show that they are not limited only to technical and organizational issues, but also extend to the area of defining the truths of faith. In the next step, the search for theological premises for synodal work was undertaken, focusing on the concept of the universal priesthood of all believers and the principles of the Lutheran hermeneutics of Holy Scripture. Finally, a specific example of a discussion on confirmation in the Polish Evangelical Church of Augsburg Confession shows how the Lutheran synodal process can look like in practice. Finally, some indispensable elements for the success of the synodal process have been identified.
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Vogelaar, Huub. "An Intriguing Ecumenical Dialogue: Lutheran-Orthodox Encounters in Finland". Exchange 42, nr 3 (2013): 267–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1572543x-12341275.
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Abstract Finland is seen as a model country for ecumenism. For many years the country was almost monolithic Lutheran, but today Lutheranism is no longer a state religion. Yet, certain state-church structures still exist in this modern welfare state. Religiously Finland is characterized by strong secularization as well as by privatized faith. Since the 1960s minority churches came more to the forefront, in particular the Finnish Orthodox Church whose impact exceeds its small quantity. The Lutheran majority Church strongly facilitated the ecumenical dialogue with Eastern Orthodoxy, initially in international and later on in national perspective. In the article the development of this attractive discourse is highlighted. It became an appealing process of mutual learning between Eastern and Western Christianity.