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Msaddak, Abdelhakim, Mohamed Mars, Miguel A. Quiñones, M. Mercedes Lucas, and José J. Pueyo. "Lupin, a Unique Legume That Is Nodulated by Multiple Microsymbionts: The Role of Horizontal Gene Transfer." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 7 (2023): 6496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076496.
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Lupin is a high-protein legume crop that grows in a wide range of edaphoclimatic conditions where other crops are not viable. Its unique seed nutrient profile can promote health benefits, and it has been proposed as a phytoremediation plant. Most rhizobia nodulating Lupinus species belong to the genus Bradyrhizobium, comprising strains that are phylogenetically related to B. cytisi, B. hipponenese, B. rifense, B. iriomotense/B. stylosanthis, B. diazoefficiens, B. japonicum, B. canariense/B. lupini, and B. retamae/B. valentinum. Lupins are also nodulated by fast-growing bacteria within the genera Microvirga, Ochrobactrum, Devosia, Phyllobacterium, Agrobacterium, Rhizobium, and Neorhizobium. Phylogenetic analyses of the nod and nif genes, involved in microbial colonization and symbiotic nitrogen fixation, respectively, suggest that fast-growing lupin-nodulating bacteria have acquired their symbiotic genes from rhizobial genera other than Bradyrhizobium. Horizontal transfer represents a key mechanism allowing lupin to form symbioses with bacteria that were previously considered as non-symbiotic or unable to nodulate lupin, which might favor lupin’s adaptation to specific habitats. The characterization of yet-unstudied Lupinus species, including microsymbiont whole genome analyses, will most likely expand and modify the current lupin microsymbiont taxonomy, and provide additional knowledge that might help to further increase lupin’s adaptability to marginal soils and climates.
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Gault, RR, EJ Corbin, KA Boundy, and J. Brockwell. "Nodulation studies on legumes exotic to Australia: Lupinus and Ornithopus spp." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 26, no. 1 (1986): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9860037.
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In a series of glasshouse and field experiments, the symbiotic characteristics of 24 lines of Lupinus and Ornithopus species and 20 strains of Rhizobium lupini were defined. Rhizobium lupini inoculant established readily in several soils and lupins grown in the field responded to inoculation by improved nodulation, growth and yield. It is concluded that lupin crops sown on new land need to be inoculated to achieve optimum yield. At three sites, field-grown lupins responded to increasing rates of inoculation up to the rate recommended by the inoculant manufacturer. At two of the sites there was no further response to higher rates, but at the third there was a continuing response up to 125x (inoculation rate). Lupin seed was preinoculated, using gum arabic adhesive, up to 33 days before sowing without significant loss of viability or nodulating capacity of the inoculant. Seed coating with several materials did not improve inoculant viability on preinoculated seed. In glasshouse experiments, hostxstrain interactions in nitrogen fixation were frequent and substantial. They occurred at three levels of taxonomic relationship, viz, between the genera Lupinus and Ornithopus, between different species within the same genus, and between different lines of the same lupin species. Hostx strain interactions were also observed in field experiments but were less frequent and smaller than in the glasshouse. These observations have implications for the 'single-strain inoculant policy that applies to the manufacture of commercial lupin and serradella inoculant in Australia.
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Marley, C. L., W. J. Fisher, R. Fychan, R. Sanderson, M. T. Abberton, and D. R. Davies. "Dry matter intakes, milk yield and milk composition of dairy cows offered concentrate diets containing either yellow lupins or soya bean meal." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2009 (April 2009): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200029902.
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Lupins (Lupinus; Leguminosae) as a high protein, high energy, nitrogen-fixing grain legume, have the potential to be used as a home-grown feedstuff to replace soya (Glycine max) in livestock feeds in the UK. Lupins are not typically grown in the UK but their high feed value and the low alkaloid concentrations in new varieties have prompted a renewed interest in their use (Wilkins and Jones, 2000). Traditionally, white lupin (Lupinus albus) is the predominant species fed as a soya replacement to dairy cows in Europe and the USA but recent research has shown advantages of growing yellow lupins (Lupinus luteus) in the UK compared with white lupins. This study reports on the effects of feeding concentrate diets containing yellow lupin compared with soya bean meal on intakes, milk productivity and milk composition in dairy cows.
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Bielski, Wojciech, Michał Książkiewicz, Denisa Šimoníková, Eva Hřibová, Karolina Susek, and Barbara Naganowska. "The Puzzling Fate of a Lupin Chromosome Revealed by Reciprocal Oligo-FISH and BAC-FISH Mapping." Genes 11, no. 12 (2020): 1489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11121489.
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Old World lupins constitute an interesting model for evolutionary research due to diversity in genome size and chromosome number, indicating evolutionary genome reorganization. It has been hypothesized that the polyploidization event which occurred in the common ancestor of the Fabaceae family was followed by a lineage-specific whole genome triplication (WGT) in the lupin clade, driving chromosome rearrangements. In this study, chromosome-specific markers were used as probes for heterologous fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to identify and characterize structural chromosome changes among the smooth-seeded (Lupinus angustifolius L., Lupinus cryptanthus Shuttlew., Lupinus micranthus Guss.) and rough-seeded (Lupinus cosentinii Guss. and Lupinus pilosus Murr.) lupin species. Comparative cytogenetic mapping was done using FISH with oligonucleotide probes and previously published chromosome-specific bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones. Oligonucleotide probes were designed to cover both arms of chromosome Lang06 of the L. angustifolius reference genome separately. The chromosome was chosen for the in-depth study due to observed structural variability among wild lupin species revealed by BAC-FISH and supplemented by in silico mapping of recently released lupin genome assemblies. The results highlighted changes in synteny within the Lang06 region between the lupin species, including putative translocations, inversions, and/or non-allelic homologous recombination, which would have accompanied the evolution and speciation.
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Święcicki, Wojciech, Katarzyna Czepiel, Paulina Wilczura, Paweł Barzyk, Zygmunt Kaczmarek, and Magdalena Kroc. "Chromatographic Fingerprinting of the Old World Lupins Seed Alkaloids: A Supplemental Tool in Species Discrimination." Plants 8, no. 12 (2019): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8120548.
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The total contents and qualitative compositions of alkaloids in seeds of 10 Old World lupin species (73 accessions) were surveyed using gas chromatography. The obtained results, combined with those for three lupin crops, Lupinus angustifolius, Lupinus albus, and Lupinus luteus, provide the most complete and up-to-date overview of alkaloid profiles of 13 lupin species originating from the Mediterranean Basin. The qualitative alkaloid compositions served as useful supplementary tools of species discrimination. On the basis of the most abundant major alkaloids, lupanine, lupinine, and multiflorine, the Old World lupin species were divided into four groups. Those containing lupanine (L. angustifolius, L. albus, and Lupinus mariae-josephi), containing lupinine (Lupinus luteus, Lupinus hispanicus, and Lupinus × hispanicoluteus), containing lupinine and multiflorine (Lupinus atlanticus, Lupinus palaestinus, Lupinus anatolicus, Lupinus digitatus, Lupinus pilosus, and Lupinus cosentinii), and containing multiflorine (Lupinus micranthus). Within a given group, certain species can be, in most cases, further distinguished by the presence of other major alkaloids. The discrimination of species based on the total alkaloid content was found to be less reliable because of the significant intra-species variations, as well as the influences of environmental factors on the seed alkaloid content.
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Jarecki, Wacław, and Dagmara Migut. "Comparison of Yield and Important Seed Quality Traits of Selected Legume Species." Agronomy 12, no. 11 (2022): 2667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12112667.
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Legumes are of great economic importance. Depending on the species, they are cultivated for food, fodder, green manure, and even as ornamentals. Legume seeds contain many valuable nutrients and also anti-nutritional substances. The aim of the study is to compare important seed quality traits in pea (Pisum sativum L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), white lupin (Lupinus albus L.), narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), and yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.) to soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). It was shown that the obtained parameters were significantly affected by the interaction of species with the years of study. Soybean was characterized by high seed and protein yield and favorable seed chemical composition (protein, fat, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and micronutrients, except manganese). Faba bean yields were high but varied over the years. Faba bean seeds were rich in phosphorus and copper. Pea yielded satisfactorily, and the seeds contained high iron and low fiber contents. Of the three lupin species, white lupin yielded the highest, while narrow-leafed and yellow lupin yields were low. However, yellow lupin seeds had a favorable chemical composition because they were rich in protein, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper, and zinc. In conclusion, legumes are valued worldwide and could be a base for the development of many functional foods to promote human health.
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Susek, Karolina, Wojciech Bielski, Katarzyna B. Czyż, et al. "Impact of Chromosomal Rearrangements on the Interpretation of Lupin Karyotype Evolution." Genes 10, no. 4 (2019): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10040259.
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Plant genome evolution can be very complex and challenging to describe, even within a genus. Mechanisms that underlie genome variation are complex and can include whole-genome duplications, gene duplication and/or loss, and, importantly, multiple chromosomal rearrangements. Lupins (Lupinus) diverged from other legumes approximately 60 mya. In contrast to New World lupins, Old World lupins show high variability not only for chromosome numbers (2n = 32–52), but also for the basic chromosome number (x = 5–9, 13) and genome size. The evolutionary basis that underlies the karyotype evolution in lupins remains unknown, as it has so far been impossible to identify individual chromosomes. To shed light on chromosome changes and evolution, we used comparative chromosome mapping among 11 Old World lupins, with Lupinus angustifolius as the reference species. We applied set of L. angustifolius-derived bacterial artificial chromosome clones for fluorescence in situ hybridization. We demonstrate that chromosome variations in the species analyzed might have arisen from multiple changes in chromosome structure and number. We hypothesize about lupin karyotype evolution through polyploidy and subsequent aneuploidy. Additionally, we have established a cytogenomic map of L. angustifolius along with chromosome markers that can be used for related species to further improve comparative studies of crops and wild lupins.
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Hanczakowska, Ewa, Jerzy Księżak, and Małgorzata Świątkiewicz. "Efficiency of lupine seed (Lupinus angustifolium and Lupinus luteus) in sow, piglet and fattener feeding." Agricultural and Food Science 26, no. 1 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.59407.
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The possibility to replace a part of soybean meal in sow, piglet and growing finishing pig feed by high and low alkaloid varieties of two species of lupines was examined in this study. 50 Polish Landrace sows and their progeny were allocated to 5 groups. Two varieties of Lupinus angustifolius: low (Graf) in group II and high alkaloid (Karo) in group III and Lupinus luteus: low- (Mister) in group IV and high alkaloid (Parys) in group V, partly replaced soybean meal (control). Apparent digestibility was evaluated using the same feeds on 30 barrows: around 40 kg (grower) and 80 kg (finisher). Litter weight of piglets from lupine groups was significantly lower than that from control group. Between 35th and 84 day piglet fed with low-alkaloid lupine (Graf) gained better than others and than soybean meal. Feed enzyme supplement has only limited effect on piglet and growing pig performance. During the whole fattening period there was no significant difference in weight gains except group fed high-alkaloid cv. Karo which was the worst. Meat of pigs fed with lupines was poorer in PUFA n-3 than control. Results suggest low alkaloid varieties of blue and yellow lupine, given in moderate amount, give similar results in growing pig feeding than soybean meal but meat quality is lower.
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Ramírez-Betancourt, Astrid, Arianna Michelle Hernández-Sánchez, Guadalupe Salcedo-Morales, et al. "Unraveling the Biosynthesis of Quinolizidine Alkaloids Using the Genetic and Chemical Diversity of Mexican Lupins." Diversity 13, no. 8 (2021): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13080375.
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Quinolizidine alkaloids (QAs) are synthesized by the genus Lupinus as a defense against herbivores. Synthesis of QAs in lupins is species- and organ-specific. Knowledge about their biosynthesis and their corresponding pathways are still fragmentary, in part because lupins of commercial importance were mainly investigated, representing a small sample of the chemodiversity of the genus. Here, we explore the use of three Mexican lupins: Lupinus aschenbornii, Lupinus montanus, and Lupinus bilineatus as a model to study the physiology of QA biosynthesis. The corresponding QA patterns cover widely and narrowly distributed tetracyclic QAs. Quinolizidine alkaloid patterns of seeds and plantlets at different developmental stages were determined by GLC–MS and compared to identify the onset of de novo QA synthesis and to gain insight into specific and common biosynthesis trends. Onset of de novo QA biosynthesis occurred after the metabolization of seed QA during germination and was species-specific, as expected. A common QA pattern, from which the diversity of QA observed in these species is generated, was not found; however, lupanine and 3β-lupanine were found in the three specieswhile sparteine was not found in Lupinus bilineatus, suggesting that this simplest tetracyclic QA is not the precursor of more complex QAs. Similar patterns of metabolization and biosynthesis of structurally related QAs were observed, suggesting a common regulation.
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Madelou, Nikoleta Anna, Eleni Melliou, and Prokopios Magiatis. "Quantitation of Lupinus spp. Quinolizidine Alkaloids by qNMR and Accelerated Debittering with a Resin-Based Protocol." Molecules 29, no. 3 (2024): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29030582.
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Quinolizidine alkaloids (QAs) are toxic secondary metabolites of the Lupinus species, the presence of which limits the expansion of lupin beans consumption, despite their high protein content. Evaluation of the level of alkaloids in edible Lupinus species is crucial from a food safety point of view. However, quantitation of QAs is complicated by the fact that not all important alkaloids used for quantitation are commercially available. In this context, we developed a method for the simultaneous quantitation of eight major lupin alkaloids using quantitative NMR spectroscopy (qNMR). Quantitation and analysis were performed in 15 different seed extracts of 11 Lupinus spp. some of which belonged to the same species, with different geographical origins and time of harvest, as well as in all aerial parts of L. pilosus. The mature seeds of L. pilosus were found to be a uniquely rich source of multiflorine. Additionally, we developed a protocol using adsorption or ionic resins for easy, fast, and efficient debittering of the lupine seeds. The protocol was applied to L. albus, leading to a decrease of the time required for alkaloids removal as well as water consumption and to a method for QA isolation from the debittering wastewater.
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Karpińska, B., K. Leśniewicz, G. Pietkiewicz, and H. Augustyniak. "Organization of the 18S, 5S, 4S rRNA genes and the tRNA-like repeat in the mitochondrial genomes of three lupin species." Acta Biochimica Polonica 41, no. 4 (1994): 433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.1994_4689.
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Southern blots of mitochondrial (mt) DNAs of three Lupinus species cleaved with three restriction enzymes were probed with Lupinus luteus mtDNA fragments containing 18S, 5S rRNA genes or a tRNA-like repeat. Comparison of the number of hybridizing bands and their intensity suggested that the mt 18S and 5S rRNA genes occur mostly in one copy in the genomes of three lupin species. The exception concerned the Lupinus angustifolius 5S rRNA gene showing two hybridizing bands of unequal intensity. The results of hybridization of the lupin mitochondrial genomes with a probe specific for the Lupinus luteus tRNA-like repeat pointed to the presence of such a repeat in other parts of the genomes besides the vicinity of the 18S rRNA gene. Northern hybridization analysis showed the presence of 18S, 5S and tRNA-like repeat transcripts similar in size in all lupin species.
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Trapero-Casas, A., A. Rodríguez-Tello, and W. J. Kaiser. "Lupins, a New Host of Phytophthora erythroseptica." Plant Disease 84, no. 4 (2000): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2000.84.4.488b.
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Several lupin (Lupinus) species are native to southern Spain (2). The white lupin, Lupinus albus L., is the most important crop, and its seeds are used for human consumption and animal feed. Accessions of three indigenous species, L. albus, L. angustifolius L., and L. luteus L., and an introduced species from South America, L. mutabilis Sweet, were planted during October in replicated yield trials in acidic soils (pH 6.5) in the Sierra Morena Mountains (elevation 350 m) north of Córdoba. Root and crown rot disease was widespread and very serious on the indigenous lupins, particularly in several patches of white lupin cultivars. Infected plants were devoid of feeder rootlets, and the tap roots, crowns, and lower stems were necrotic and turned dark brown to black. Rotted roots were colonized heavily by fungal oospores. Many affected plants wilted and died before flowering. A Phytophthora sp. was isolated consistently from the necrotic roots and crowns of symptomatic white lupins. The same fungus also was isolated from the necrotic root tissues of the other indigenous lupin species. Isolates of the fungus from diseased white lupins were homothallic and produced oospores rapidly and abundantly on corn meal and V8 agars. Antheridia were amphigynous, and aplerotic oospores ranged from 22 to 32 μm (average 27 μm). Nonpapillate, ovoidobpyriform sporangia were produced only in water on simple sympodial sporangiophores. Cultures on V8 agar grew at 5 to 30°C (optimum ≈25°C). The species was identified as Phytophthora erythroseptica Pethybr. based on morphology of oospores, sporangia, and other cultural characteristics (1). Koch's postulates were fulfilled by planting seeds of white lupin cv. Multulupa in sterile potting soil infested with a blended culture on V8 agar from a white lupin isolate of P. erythroseptica and reisolating the fungus after 28 days from lesions that developed on the roots and crowns of inoculated plants incubated in a greenhouse at 16 to 26°C. The fungus was not isolated from white lupins seeded in potting soil inoculated with sterile V8 agar. In pathogenicity tests, two isolates of P. erythroseptica from white lupins caused severe symptoms on the roots and crowns of inoculated white lupin cv. Multulupa similar to those observed on white lupins naturally infected in field trials. These isolates also caused root and crown rots on inoculated L. luteus and L. angustifolius. The fungus did not infect the roots or crowns of tarwi (L. mutabilis cv. SCG 20), alfalfa (Medicago sativa cv. Moapa), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Contender), chickpea (Cicer arietinum cv. Blanco Lechoso), faba bean (Vicia faba cv. Arboleda), lentil (Lens culinaris cv. local), pea (Pisum sativum cv. Lancet), soybean (Glycine max cv. Akashi), or subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum cv. Seaton-park). The tests were repeated, and the results were similar. This is the first report of P. erythroseptica infecting Lupinus spp. References: (1) D. C. Erwin and O. K. Ribeiro. 1996. Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. (2) B. Valdés et al. 1987. Flora Vascular de Andalucía Occidental. Ketres, Barcelona, Spain.
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Trapero-Casas, A., A. Rodríguez-Tello, and W. J. Kaiser. "Lupins, a New Host of Phytophthora erythroseptica in Spain." Plant Health Progress 1, no. 1 (2000): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2000-0609-01-hn.
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Several lupin (Lupinus) species are native to southern Spain. The white lupin, Lupinus albus L., is the most important crop, and its seeds are used for human consumption and animal feed. Posted 9 June 2000.
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McLay, C. D. A., L. Barton, and C. Tang. "Acidification potential of ten grain legume species grown in nutrient solution." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 48, no. 7 (1997): 1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a96174.
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The paper reports the relative acidification potential of 10 N2-fixing grain legume species grown in nutrient solution for 35 days after nodule appearance. The legumes studied were pilosus (Lupinus pilosus Murr. P23342), yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus L. R1171), white lupin (Lupinus albus L. Kiev mutant), narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L. Gungurru), faba bean (Vicia faba L. Fiord), field pea (Pisum sativum L. Dundale), grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L. S453), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L. T1587), common vetch (Vicia sativa L. Blanchefleur), and lentil (Lens culinaris Med. ILL6002). The species varied considerably in their acidifying ability; proton production ranged from 77 to 136 cmol/kg dry matter. Chickpea and narrow-leafed lupin had the largest acidification potential and field pea the least. The specific acidification (amount of protons produced per kg dry matter) was best correlated with concentrations of excess cations, ash alkalinity, and calcium in plant across the species but was not correlated with plant nitrogen concentration. Total ash alkalinity or total excess cations in shoots provided a good indicator for estimation of total proton production in these species, which were reliant on N2fixation for their source of N. The results have implications for the selection of legumes to be used in sustainable farming systems.
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Yagovenko, G. L., M. I. Lukashevich, P. A. Ageeva, N. V. Novik, and N. V. Misnikova. "Evaluation of the modern lupine varieties developed in the All-Russian Lupin Scientific Research Institute." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1010, no. 1 (2022): 012096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1010/1/012096.
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Abstract The article presents the researches of the Institute within the frame of the breeding program for three cultivated lupine species: Lupinus albus L., Lupinus angustifolius L. and Lupinus luteus L. The authors analyze and compare the modern varieties of the cultivated lupine species included to the State Register of Breeding Achievements of Russia for the complex of economic-and-biological characters. The narrow-leafed lupine is the most early ripening; it allows to grow it in the most northern regions. The yellow lupine is the most adapted to light sandy loam soils. Its protein content in seeds is 45-50%. The white lupine has the highest grain productivity (5-6 t/ha) among grain legumes crops. Its grain quality is close to soya one (protein and oil content is 36-40% and 9-12% respectively).
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Bramley, Helen, Stephen D. Tyerman, David W. Turner, and Neil C. Turner. "Root growth of lupins is more sensitive to waterlogging than wheat." Functional Plant Biology 38, no. 11 (2011): 910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp11148.
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In south-west Australia, winter grown crops such as wheat and lupin often experience transient waterlogging during periods of high rainfall. Wheat is believed to be more tolerant to waterlogging than lupins, but until now no direct comparisons have been made. The effects of waterlogging on root growth and anatomy were compared in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) and yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus L.) using 1 m deep root observation chambers. Seven days of waterlogging stopped root growth in all species, except some nodal root development in wheat. Roots of both lupin species died back progressively from the tips while waterlogged. After draining the chambers, wheat root growth resumed in the apical region at a faster rate than well-drained plants, so that total root length was similar in waterlogged and well-drained plants at the end of the experiment. Root growth in yellow lupin resumed in the basal region, but was insufficient to compensate for root death during waterlogging. Narrow-leafed lupin roots did not recover; they continued to deteriorate. The survival and recovery of roots in response to waterlogging was related to anatomical features that influence internal oxygen deficiency and root hydraulic properties.
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Frid, Leonardo, and Roy Turkington. "The influence of herbivores and neighboring plants on risk of browsing: a case study using arctic lupine (Lupinus arcticus) and arctic ground squirrels (Spermophilus parryii plesius)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 79, no. 5 (2001): 874–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z01-052.
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We examined how herbivore distribution and density, neighboring plant density and species composition, and individual plant morphology all influence the risk that individual arctic lupines (Lupinus arcticus) will be browsed by arctic ground squirrels (Spermophilus parryii plesius). Risk of being browsed was significantly influenced by the number of resident ground squirrels but not by overall squirrel density at a site. As the leaf density of neighboring conspecifics increased, risk of browsing to an individual lupine decreased except when palatable neighbors were also present. The presence of other palatable species increased the risk of browsing. Risk was highest when both lupine and other palatable neighbors were present. The presence of unpalatable neighbors reduced the risk of browsing of individual lupines. We discuss these results in the context of three hypotheses: (1) attractant decoy, (2) resource concentration, and (3) repellent plant. No single hypothesis accounts for our observations, but an interaction between herbivores, neighbors, and individual lupine morphology determined risk of browsing.
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Tang, C., AD Robson, NE Longnecker, and BJ Buirchell. "The growth of Lupinus species on alkaline soils." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 46, no. 1 (1995): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9950255.
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Lupinus angustifolius L. grows poorly on alkaline soils, particularly those that are fine-textured. This poor growth has been attributed to high concentrations of bicarbonate, high clay content and/or iron deficiency. In field studies, we examined the growth of 13 lupin genotypes reliant on N2 fixation, or receiving NH4N03, at four sites with various combinations of soil pH and texture. Plants grown on an alkaline clay and an alkaline sand showed iron chlorosis at early stages, and had a slower shoot growth than those grown on an acid loam or an acid sand. Species varied greatly in the severity of iron chlorosis and also in growth and seed yield, with L. angustifolius, L. luteus and L. albus more affected than L. pilosus, L. atlanticus and L. cosentinii. Rankings of growth and seed yield of the lupin genotypes on the alkaline clay correlated well with the rankings on the alkaline sand soil. Plants which had severe iron chlorosis in alkaline clay also had severe chlorosis in alkaline sands. However, correlation between the severity of iron chlorosis and early shoot growth was poor. The results suggest that high pH and/or high bicarbonate are more likely than soil texture to be the primary factors restricting the growth of commercial lupins.
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Peix, Alvaro, Martha Helena Ramírez-Bahena, José David Flores-Félix, et al. "Revision of the taxonomic status of the species Rhizobium lupini and reclassification as Bradyrhizobium lupini comb. nov." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 65, Pt_4 (2015): 1213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.000082.
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The species Rhizobium lupini was isolated from Lupinus nodules and included in the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in 1980. Nevertheless, on the basis of the analysis of the type strain of this species available in DSMZ, DSM 30140T, whose 16S rRNA gene was identical to that of the type strain of Bradyrhizobium japonicum , R. lupini was considered a later synonym of this species. In this study we confirmed that the strain DSM 30140T belongs to the species B. japonicum , but also that it cannot be the original strain of R. lupini because this species effectively nodulated Lupinus whereas strain DSM 30140T was able to nodulate soybean but not Lupinus. Since the original type strain of R. lupini was deposited into the USDA collection by L. W. Erdman under the accession number USDA 3051T we analysed the taxonomic status of this strain showing that although it belongs to the genus Bradyrhizobium instead of genus Rhizobium , it is phylogenetically distant from B. japonicum and closely related to Bradyrhizobium canariense . The type strains R. lupini USDA 3051T and B. canariense BTA-1T share 16S rRNA, recA and glnII gene sequences with similarities of 99.8 %, 96.5 % and 97.1 %, respectively. They presented a DNA–DNA hybridization value of 36 % and also differed in phenotypic characteristics and slightly in the proportions of some fatty acids. Therefore we propose the reclassification of the species Rhizobium lupini as Bradyrhizobium lupini comb. nov. The type strain is USDA 3051T ( = CECT 8630T = LMG 28514T).
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Bramley, Helen, Neil C. Turner, David W. Turner, and Stephen D. Tyerman. "The contrasting influence of short-term hypoxia on the hydraulic properties of cells and roots of wheat and lupin." Functional Plant Biology 37, no. 3 (2010): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp09172.
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Little is known about water flow across intact root cells and roots in response to hypoxia. Responses may be rapid if regulated by aquaporin activity, but only if water crosses membranes. We measured the transport properties of roots and cortical cells of three important crop species in response to hypoxia (0.05 mol O2 m–3): wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) and yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus L.). Hypoxia influenced solute transport within minutes of exposure as indicated by increases in root pressure (Pr) and decreases in turgor pressure (Pc), but these effects were only significant in lupins. Re-aeration returned Pr to original levels in yellow lupin, but in narrow-leafed lupin, Pr declined to zero or lower values without recovery even when re-aerated. Hypoxia inhibited hydraulic conductivity of root cortical cells (Lpc) in all three species, but only inhibited hydraulic conductivity of roots (Lpr) in wheat, indicating different pathways for radial water flow across lupin and wheat roots. The inhibition of Lpr of wheat depended on the length of the root, and inhibition of Lpc in the endodermis could account for the changes in Lpr. During re-aeration, aquaporin activity increased in wheat roots causing an overshoot in Lpr. The results of this study demonstrate that the roots of these species not only vary in hydraulic properties but also vary in their sensitivity to the same external O2 concentration.
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Miao, Z. H., J. A. Fortune, and J. Gallagher. "The potential of two rough-seeded lupin species (Lupinus pilosus and L. atlanticus) as supplementary feed for sheep." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52, no. 6 (2001): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar99142.
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The rough-seeded lupins are better adapted to alkaline soils than the domesticated lupins currently in use in commercial agriculture in southern Australia. Lupinus pilosus and L. atlanticus are two species of rough-seeded lupins that are undergoing domestication, and could be very valuable for sheep as a supplementary feed. However, there is little information on the nutritive value of these lupins. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritive value of L. pilosus and L. atlanticus, compared with L. angustifolius, which is widely used as an animal feed in Australia. The results showed that the rough-seeded lupins examined had larger seeds, a greater proportion of seed coat in the whole seed, and a higher fibre content in the seed coat than domesticated lupins. Nitrogen (N) content in the kernel of the various lupin species was similar. The high fibre content in seed coat did not appear to limit the digestion of the seeds by sheep as demonstrated by the high potential degradability of seed dry matter (DM) for all lupin species. There were no significant differences betweenL. pilosus,L. atlanticus, andL. angustifolius as a supplementary feed provided at low levels in DM digestibility (DMD), apparent energy digestibility (AED), and N-balance, suggesting that L. pilosus and L. atlanticus could be used in place of L. angustifolius. AlsoL. atlanticus could be substituted for L. angustifolius at high levels of supplementation as there were no differences in DMD, AED, apparent N digestibility, and N-balance when these species were fed to sheep as a supplement to barley straw. Supplementation with lupin seed at 150 g/day significantly improved DM intake by 195 g/day, DMD by 8.7, and AED by 11.4 percentage units. However, a high level of lupin supplementation in a diet based on barley straw did not increase DMD and AED of the diet.
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Tang, C., H. Adams, NE Longnecker, and AD Robson. "A method to identify lupin species tolerant of alkaline soils." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 5 (1996): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9960595.
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Narrow-leafed lupins (Lupinus angustifolius L.) grow poorly on alkaline soils. In contrast, L. pilosus Murr. and L. atlanticus Glad. grow well on such soils. This study aimed to develop a solution culture method to screen lupin species for their ability to grow well on alkaline soils. Sixteen lupin genotypes from 6 species, including introduced cultivars and wild types, were grown in high pH solutions with varying concentrations of buffers and bicarbonate. Relative taproot elongation, shoot growth and iron chlorosis were compared with iron chlorosis, relative shoot growth and seed yield for the same genotypes on an alkaline soil in the field. The results suggested that root elongation rate at pH 7 in solution buffered with a mixture of 1 mmol MES/L and 1 mmol TESL (plus 10 mmol CaCl2/L), and shoot weight at 5 mmol bicarbonate/L at pH 8.7 are good indicators of tolerance to an alkaline soil among the lupin species.
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DISSANAYAKA, D. M. S. B., W. M. K. R. WICKRAMASINGHE, BUDDHI MARAMBE, and JUN WASAKI. "PHOSPHORUS-MOBILIZATION STRATEGY BASED ON CARBOXYLATE EXUDATION IN LUPINS (LUPINUS, FABACEAE): A MECHANISM FACILITATING THE GROWTH AND PHOSPHORUS ACQUISITION OF NEIGHBOURING PLANTS UNDER PHOSPHORUS-LIMITED CONDITIONS." Experimental Agriculture 53, no. 2 (2016): 308–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479716000351.
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SUMMARYThe capability of some plant species to mobilize phosphorus (P) from poorly available soil P fractions can improve P availability for P-inefficient plant species in intercropping. White lupin (Lupinus albus) has been investigated as a model P-mobilizing plant for its capability of enhancing the P acquisition of neighbouring species under P-limited conditions. To date, investigations have led to contrasting findings, where some reports have described a positive effect of intercropped lupins on companion plants, whereas others have revealed no effects. This review summarizes the literature related to lupin–cereal intercropping. It explores the underpinning mechanisms that influence interspecific facilitation of P acquisition. The P-mobilization-based facilitation by lupins to enhance P-acquisition of co-occurring plant species is determined by both available P concentration and P-sorption capacity of soil, and the root intermingling capacity among two plant partners enabling rhizosphere overlapping. In lupin–cereal intercropping, lupin enhances the below-ground concentration of labile P pools through mobilization of P from sparingly available P pools, which is accomplished through carboxylate exudation, where neighbouring species acquire part of the mobilized P. The non-P-mobilizing species benefit only under P-limited conditions when they immediately occupy the maximum soil volume influenced by P-mobilizing lupin. Positive effects of mixed cropping are apparent in alkaline, neutral and acidic soils. However, the facilitation of P acquisition by lupins to companion species is eliminated when soil becomes strongly P-sorbing. In such soils, the limitation of root growth can result in poorer root intermingling between two species. The P mobilized by lupins might not be acquired by neighbouring species because it is bound to P-sorbing compounds. We suggest that the lupins can be best used as P-mobilizing plant species to enhance P acquisition of P-inefficient species under P-limited conditions when plant species are grown with compatible crops and soil types that facilitate sharing of rhizosphere functions among intercropped partners.
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Spina, Alfio, Rosaria Saletti, Simona Fabroni, et al. "Multielemental, Nutritional, and Proteomic Characterization of Different Lupinus spp. Genotypes: A Source of Nutrients for Dietary Use." Molecules 27, no. 24 (2022): 8771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27248771.
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Among grain pulses, lupins have recently gained considerable interest for a number of attractive nutritional attributes relating to their high protein and dietary fiber and negligible starch contents. The seeds of Lupinus albus (cv. Multitalia and Luxor, and the Modica ecotype); L. luteus (cv. Dukat, Mister, and Taper); and L. angustifolius (cv. Sonet) analyzed in this study were deposited within the germplasm collection of the Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops of Acireale and were sowed in East Sicily in 2013/14. The collected seeds were analyzed for their multielemental micro- and macronutrient profiles, resulting in a wide variability between genotypes. Lupin seed flour samples were subjected to a defatting process using supercritical CO2, with oil yields dependent on the species and genotype. We determined the fatty acid profile and tocopherol content of the lupin oil samples, finding that the total saturated fatty acid quantities of different samples were very close, and the total tocopherol content was about 1500.00 µg/g FW. The proteomic analysis of the defatted lupin seed flours showed substantial equivalence between the cultivars of the same species of Lupinus albus and L. luteus. Moreover, the L. angustifolius proteome map showed the presence of additional spots in comparison to L. albus, corresponding to α-conglutins. Lupin, in addition to being a good source of mineral elements, also contributes vitamin E and, thanks to the very high content of gamma-tocopherols, demonstrates powerful antioxidant activity.
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Langridge, DF, and RD Goodman. "Honeybee pollination of lupins (Lupinus albus cv. Hamburg)." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 1 (1985): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850220.
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Mean yields of seed, percentage germination of seed, and mass of 1000 seeds of Lupinus albus cv. Hamburg were significantly greater from plots to which honeybees (Apis mellifera) and larger insects had access than from plots which excluded these insects. Bees collected appreciable quantities of pollen and nectar from the lupin flowers, which enabled them to build up colony populations, store surplus honey and provide some surplus pollen to the beekeeper.No airborne lupin pollen was detected and wind pollination of this species seems to be negligible; but some self-pollination does occur. Bee activity on this species makes bees important agents of pollination of L. albus.
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Ruiz-López, Mario Alberto, Lucia Barrientos-Ramírez, Pedro Macedonio García-López, et al. "Nutritional and Bioactive Compounds in Mexican Lupin Beans Species: A Mini-Review." Nutrients 11, no. 8 (2019): 1785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11081785.
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As a source of bioactive compounds, species of the genus Lupinus are interesting legumes from a nutritional point of view. Although wild species are abundant and represent a potential source of nutrients and biologically active compounds, most research has focused on domesticated and semi-domesticated species, such as Lupinus angustifolius, Lupinus albus, Lupinus luteus, and Lupinus mutabilis. Therefore, in this review, we focus on recent research conducted on the wild Lupinus species of Mexico. The nutritional content of these species is characterized (similar to those of the domesticated species), including proteins (isolates), lipids, minerals, dietary fiber, and bioactive compounds, such as oligosaccharides, flavonoids, and alkaloids.
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Berlandier, F. A., and M. W. Sweetingham. "Aphid feeding damage causes large losses in susceptible lupin cultivars." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 11 (2003): 1357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02186.
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The impact of infestation by bluegreen aphid, Acyrthosiphon kondoi, cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora, and/or green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, on grain production of narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) and yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus) was assessed at 4 sites in the Western Australian grainbelt. Yield losses caused by naturally occurring aphids on 4 cultivars of narrow-leafed and 2 cultivars of yellow lupins were measured by applying the systemic insecticide imidacloprid as a seed dressing and/or as foliar sprays throughout the plant growth phase and compared with untreated control plots. The extent of damage caused by aphids varied greatly but was significantly influenced by lupin cultivar, and yields for the same treatment combination varied between geographical locations. Bluegreen aphid was the most abundant species wherever large colonies of aphids developed. Yellow lupin Wodjil was the most infested and suffered severe losses in grain yield, whereas narrow-leafed lupin Kalya was largely resistant to aphids and there were negligible losses in grain production from plots not treated for aphids. In a fifth experiment, a single foliar spray of the insecticide pirimicarb controlled abundant aphids and increased yield by as much as 95% (0.65 t/ha) in Wodjil. Lupin growers need to be aware of the potential losses aphids can cause and that applying foliar insecticidal sprays to susceptible cultivars can prevent such losses.
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Ben Hassine, Amna, Gabriele Rocchetti, Leilei Zhang, et al. "Untargeted Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant Capacity and Enzyme Inhibitory Activity of Cultivated and Wild Lupin Seeds from Tunisia." Molecules 26, no. 11 (2021): 3452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113452.
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Lupin seeds can represent a valuable source of phenolics and other antioxidant compounds. In this work, a comprehensive analysis of the phytochemical profile was performed on seeds from three Lupinus species, including one cultivar (Lupinus albus) and two wild accessions (Lupinus cossentinii and Lupinus luteus), collected from the northern region of Tunisia. Untargeted metabolomic profiling allowed to identify 249 compounds, with a great abundance of phenolics and alkaloids. In this regard, the species L. cossentinii showed the highest phenolic content, being 6.54 mg/g DW, followed by L. luteus (1.60 mg/g DW) and L. albus (1.14 mg/g DW). The in vitro antioxidant capacity measured by the ABTS assay on seed extracts ranged from 4.67 to 17.58 mg trolox equivalents (TE)/g, recording the highest values for L. albus and the lowest for L. luteus. The DPPH radical scavenging activity ranged from 0.39 to 3.50 mg TE/g. FRAP values varied between 4.11 and 5.75 mg TE/g. CUPRAC values for lupin seeds ranged from 7.20 to 8.95 mg TE/g, recording the highest for L. cossentinii. The results of phosphomolybdenum assay and metal chelation showed similarity between the three species of Lupinus. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition activity was detected in each methanolic extract analyzed with similar results. Regarding the butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzyme, it was weakly inhibited by the Lupinus extracts; in particular, the highest activity values were recorded for L. albus (1.74 mg GALAE/g). Overall, our results showed that L. cossentinii was the most abundant source of polyphenols, consisting mainly in tyrosol equivalents (5.82 mg/g DW). Finally, significant correlations were outlined between the phenolic compounds and the in vitro biological activity measured, particularly when considering flavones, phenolic acids and lower-molecular-weight phenolics.
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Piedra-García, Diego, and Christine Struck. "Lupin Root Weevils (Charagmus spp., Curculionidae: Sitonini), a Lupin Pest: A Review of Their Distribution, Biology, and Challenges in Integrated Pest Management." Insects 12, no. 10 (2021): 950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12100950.
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Lupins (Lupinus spp.) are an ancient yet important legume crop. In Europe, the protein-rich seeds serve as livestock feed and have the potential to be a healthy vegetarian component of human diets. In some regions in north-eastern Europe, lupins are heavily damaged by two Curculionidae species, the lupin root weevils (LRWs) Charagmus gressorius (syn. Sitona gressorius) and Ch. griseus (syn. S. griseus). Narrow-leaved lupins (L. angustifolius) and white lupins (L. albus) are most affected. The weevils feed on lupin leaves, whereas their larvae feed on root nodules. Therefore, the larvae cause major root damage by creating lacerations that allow soil-borne plant pathogens to enter the plant tissue. These infestations lead to considerable yield losses and markedly reduced N-fixation of the root nodules. This review summarises the current knowledge on the origin, geographical distribution, and biology of these rarely described weevils. It focuses on management strategies, including preconceived insecticide use and potential ecological management methods, as key components of an integrated pest management programme against LRWs in Europe.
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Haddad, J., M. Muzquiz, and K. Allaf. "Treatment of Lupin Seed Using the Instantaneous Controlled Pressure Drop Technology to Reduce Alkaloid Content." Food Science and Technology International 12, no. 5 (2006): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013206070160.
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Despite their high protein content, lupin seeds are not as fully utilised as some other grain legumes. The drawback in their utilisation is mainly due to the presence of water soluble, poisonous alkaloids. In this study, an instantaneous controlled pressure drop (DIC) treatment followed by an aqueous extraction was performed on lupin seeds. Two species Lupinus albus and Lupinus mutabilis with different initial total alkaloid content of 0.025% and 5.5% (d.b.), respectively have been studied. Lupanine was the major alkaloid found in both lupin species. Experimental results proved the feasibility of using DIC treatment to reduce the alkaloid content of lupin seeds. Optimised DIC treatment combined with an adequate 2h soaking in water reduced the alkaloid content from 5.5% to 2.2% of L. mutabilis and from 0.025% to 0.0075% of L. albus.
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Georgieva, Natalia Anastasova, and Valentin Ivanov Kosev. "Analysis of Character Association of Quantitative Traits in Lupinus Species." Journal of Agricultural Science 8, no. 7 (2016): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v8n7p23.
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<p>An evaluation of the agronomic performance of two lupin species (<em>Lupinus albus</em> and <em>Lupinus luteus</em>) was conducted at the Institute of Forage Crops (Bulgaria) during 2012-2014. The hightest positive correlations among the agronomic traits in white lupin were between number of pods per plant and seed weight per plant (r = 0.956); plant height with pod stem length (r = 0.935) and pod length (r = 0.934); seed weight per plant and number of pods per plant (r = 0.956). In yellow lupin relatively high phenotypic correlations were detected between number of pods per plant and seed weight per plant (r = 0.956); seed weight per plant and number of pods (r = 0.875) and number of seeds per plant (r = 0.927). Collecting data on the mutual relationships among individual yield components and their effect on the yield remains crucial for their optimisation and development of improved lupin genotypes with high quality and stable yields. Based on the trait associations it can be concluded that lupin breeders should pay attention to the traits such as pod length, number of seeds per plant and 1000 seeds mass when selecting high-yielding genotypes.</p>
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Gavelienė, Virgilija, Sigita Jurkonienė, Elžbieta Jankovska-Bortkevič, and Danguolė Švegždienė. "Effects of Elevated Temperature on Root System Development of Two Lupine Species." Plants 11, no. 2 (2022): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11020192.
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The aim of this study was to assess the effect of elevated temperature on the growth, morphology and spatial orientation of lupine roots at the initial stages of development and on the formation of lupine root architecture at later stages. Two lupine species were studied—the invasive Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. and the non-invasive L. luteus L. The plants were grown in climate chambers under 25 °C and simulated warming at 30 °C conditions. The angle of root curvature towards the vector of gravity was measured at the 48th hour of growth, and during a 4-h period after 90° reorientation. Root biometrical, histological measurements were carried out on 7-day-old and 30-day-old plants. The elevation of 5 °C affected root formation of the two lupine species differently. The initial roots of L. polyphyllus were characterized by worse spatial orientation, reduced growth and reduced mitotic index of root apical meristem at 30 °C compared with 25 °C. The length of primary roots of 30-day-old lupines and the number of lateral roots decreased by 14% and 16%, respectively. More intense root development and formation were observed in non-invasive L. luteus at 30 °C. Our results provide important information on the effect of elevated temperature on the formation of root architecture in two lupine species and suggest that global warming may impact the invasiveness of these species.
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Brennan, R. F., and R. J. French. "Grain yield and cadmium concentration of a range of grain legume species grown on two soil types at Merredin, Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 9 (2005): 1167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03137.
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Five grain legumes species, narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), field pea (Pisum sativum L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), and yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus L.), were grown on 2 soil types, a red clay and red duplex soil, in the < 400 mm rainfall district of Western Australia. The study showed that chickpea, field pea and faba bean accumulated less cadmium (Cd) in dried shoots and grain than narrow-leafed lupin. Yellow lupin had Cd concentrations ~3 times higher in dried shoots and ~9 times higher in grain than narrow-leafed lupin. For both experiments, the ranking (lowest to highest) of mean Cd concentration (mg Cd/kg) in the grain was: chickpea (0.017) < field pea (0.024) = faba bean (0.024) < narrow-leafed lupin (0.033) < yellow lupin (0.300).
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Gries, R., P. W. Schaefer, H. J. S. Yoo, M. Greaves, and G. Gries. "(Z,E)-6,8-heneicosadien-11-one: major sex-pheromone component of Orgyia vetusta (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)." Canadian Entomologist 137, no. 4 (2005): 471–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n04-078.
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The western tussock moth, Orgyia vetusta Boisduval (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), formerly known as Hemerocampa vetusta (Boisduval), occurs primarily in coastal areas of central California and south into Mexico, with occasional records east of the central Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys (Ferguson 1978). Two biotypes, feeding on perennial yellow bush lupine, Lupinus arboreus Sims (Fabaceae), or silver dune lupine, Lupinus chamissonis Eschsch. (this study), and on California live oak, Quercus agrifolia Née (Fagaceae), respectively, have been recognized and were originally considered two separate species (Edwards 1881; Ferguson 1978). Various fruit and nut trees have also been reported as host plants (Atkins 1958)
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Robertson, N. L., and C. J. Coyne. "Evaluation of USDA Lupinus sp. collection for seed-borne potyviruses." Plant Genetic Resources 7, no. 03 (2009): 227–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262109257923.
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Plant viruses pose a threat to the acquisition, maintenance and distribution of lupin germplasm (genusLupinus, familyFabaceae). The availability of sufficient quantities of healthy and virus-free seeds from maintained lupin collections is mandatory for conducting lupin research. The objective of this research was to determine which lupin species were potentially infected with potyviruses (presumably seed-borne) upon germination in the greenhouse. The procedure for screening lupin seedlings in the greenhouse for potyviruses incorporated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay followed by elimination or segregation of infected seedlings from the population before transplantation into the field plots for regeneration and accession characterization. None of the accessions in this evaluation had been tested previously for virus. From 2002 to 2005, 15 perennial (30 accessions) and 6 annual lupin species (213 accessions) were evaluated on site at the Western Regional Plant Introduction Station in Pullman, WA, USA. While none of the greenhouse perennial seedlings tested positive for potyvirus, seedlings in three annual species (Lupinus albus,Lupinus angustifoliusandLupinus luteus) were infected by potyviruses, presumably by seed transmission. Future testing may focus on the annual species, thus saving limited germplasm maintenance resources.
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Douglas, George W., and Michael Ryan. "Conservation Evaluation of the Prairie Lupine, Lupinus lepidus var. lepidus, in Canada." Canadian Field-Naturalist 120, no. 2 (2006): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v120i2.278.
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In Canada, Prairie Lupine, Lupinus lepidus var. lepidus, is restricted to southeastern Vancouver Island. Of the nine sites where it has been collected, five are extirpated and the status of two of the populations is uncertain. There are two extant populations; some of the other sites may contain the species in the seed bank. Some of the sites are protected to a certain extent from direct habitat destruction by their remote location, although introduced herbaceous species may pose a serious threat by preventing the establishment of the species at other sites. Fire suppression or the lack of other types of disturbance also likely plays a role in discouraging emergence of Lupinus lepidus.
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Cowie, AL, RS Jessop, and DA MacLeod. "Effect of soil nitrate on the growth and nodulation of winter crop legumes." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 30, no. 5 (1990): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9900651.
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The relative effect of increasing external nitrate supply on the nodulation of 3 winter crop legumes was examined in a controlled environment experiment. Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius cvv. Chittick, Wandoo), chickpea (Cicer arietinum cvv. Tyson, Amethyst) and field pea (Pisum sativum cvv. Maitland, Dundale) were grown at 2 nitrate (NO-3) concentrations of 2 and 8 mmol/L for 40 days.Shoot and root growth were not affected by NO-3 concentration. Increased NO-3 concentration significantly (P<0.05) reduced nodule number and nodule weight in all species. The inhibition of nodulation by increased NO-3 was greatest in peas, followed by chickpeas, and least in lupins.
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CONTRERAS-ORTIZ, NATALIA, ORLANDO A. JARA-MUÑOZ, and COLIN E. HUGHES. "The acaulescent rosette species of Lupinus L. (Fabaceae) of Colombia and Ecuador including a new species from Colombia." Phytotaxa 364, no. 1 (2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.364.1.3.
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We present a taxonomic synopsis of the acaulescent rosette species of Lupinus from Colombia and Ecuador, including a checklist with revised nomenclature and a key to species. A new species, Lupinus luisanae, and a variety of this species, L. luisanae var. ocetensis, endemic to the northern portion of the Eastern Cordillera of the Colombian Andes, are described and illustrated. Lupinus inflatus is proposed as a new synonym of L. nubigenus.
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Planchuelo-Ravelo, Ana, Ludger Witte, and Michael Wink. "Quinolizidine Alkaloid Profiles of South American Lupins: Lupinus linearis and the Lupinus gibertianus Complex." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 48, no. 9-10 (1993): 702–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1993-9-1004.
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Abstract The alkaloid composition of leaves of Lupinus linearis Desr. (3 ecotypes) and L. gibertia nus Smith (6 ecotypes) from Argentina and Brazil were studied by capillary gas-liquid chromatography and GLC-mass spectrometry (EI-MS). Both species are closely related according to morphological criteria. This view is supported by the alkaloid profiles which are very similar and share a series of new and uncommon alkaloids. Main alkaloids are lupanine, 13-hydroxylupanine, esters of 13-hydroxylupanine (e.g. 13-angeloyloxylupanine, 13-tigloyloxylupanine, 13-benzoyloxylupanine, 13-cis/trans-cinnamoyloxylupanine). Minor alkaloids are: sparteine, 11,12 -dehydrosparteine, ammodendrine, tetrahydrorhom bifoline, angustifoline, α-isolupanine, 5,6-dehydrolupanine, 11,12-dehydrolupanine, N-formylangustifoline, 13-cis-cinnamoyloxymultiflorine. New minor alkaloids which have been tentatively identified by GLC-MS are 13-hydroxy-17-oxolupanine and corresponding esters (13-an-geloyloxy-17-oxolupanine, 13-tigloyloxy-17-oxolupanine, 13-benzoyloxy-17-oxolupanine, 13-cis-cinnamoyloxy-17-oxolupanine, and 13-trans-cinnamoyloxy-17-oxolupanine).
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Al-Abdouh, MD, Ahmad, Hamzeh Mohammad Alrawashdeh, MD, Ahmad Khalaf, MD, and Ibrahim Alnawaiseh. "Anticholinergic Toxicity Associated with Lupine Seeds Ingestion—A Case Report." Research in Health Science 5, no. 1 (2020): p22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/rhs.v5n1p22.
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Lupine, a member of the legume family, is also known as lupines in the USA and as Turmus in the Middle East. Lupine seeds are consumed as an appetizer and in herbal therapy for diabetes mellitus in the Middle East. Quinolizidine alkaloids are found in various plants belonging to the Lupinus genus although the nature and level of these alkaloids are highly variable between species; these compounds are known to cause anticholinergic symptoms. We present a case for a 40-year old woman who presented with blurry vision, nausea, abdominal pain, dizziness, disorientation, and severe mouth dryness for one hour prior to presentation. She ate partially debittered lupine seeds about an hour prior to her complaints. On physical exam, she was found to have sinus tachycardia, bilateral fixed dilated pupils and facial flushing. Lab tests and brain imaging were unremarkable, and the lupine seeds ingestion was presumed to be the cause of her complaints. She was admitted for observation for 24 hours and her symptoms resolved spontaneously.
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Namdar, Dvory, Patrick P. J. Mulder, Eyal Ben-Simchon, et al. "New Analytical Approach to Quinolizidine Alkaloids and Their Assumed Biosynthesis Pathways in Lupin Seeds." Toxins 16, no. 3 (2024): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins16030163.
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Alkaloids play an essential role in protecting plants against herbivores. Humans can also benefit from the pharmacological effects of these compounds. Plants produce an immense variety of structurally different alkaloids, including quinolizidine alkaloids, a group of bi-, tri-, and tetracyclic compounds produced by Lupinus species. Various lupin species produce different alkaloid profiles. To study the composition of quinolizidine alkaloids in lupin seeds, we collected 31 populations of two wild species native to Israel, L. pilosus and L. palaestinus, and analyzed their quinolizidine alkaloid contents. Our goal was to study the alkaloid profiles of these two wild species to better understand the challenges and prospective uses of wild lupins. We compared their profiles with those of other commercial and wild lupin species. To this end, a straightforward method for extracting alkaloids from seeds and determining the quinolizidine alkaloid profile by LC–MS/MS was developed and validated in-house. For the quantification of quinolizidine alkaloids, 15 analytical reference standards were used. We used GC–MS to verify and cross-reference the identity of certain alkaloids for which no analytical standards were available. The results enabled further exploration of quinolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis. We reviewed and re-analyzed the suggested quinolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis pathway, including the relationship between the amino acid precursor l-lysine and the different quinolizidine alkaloids occurring in seeds of lupin species. Revealing alkaloid compositions and highlighting some aspects of their formation pathway are important steps in evaluating the use of wild lupins as a novel legume crop.
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Xu, Ruoxian, Elena Sirtori, Giovanna Boschin, Kalina Bermudez Torres, Anna Arnoldi, and Gilda Aiello. "Proteomic Analysis of the Seeds of Four Wild Mexican Lupinus Species: Focus on Storage Proteins." Diversity 14, no. 10 (2022): 814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14100814.
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Lupinus is a wide genus, comprising between 300 and 500 species, most of them represented in America. Mexico is a secondary distribution center with more than 100 species growing along the highlands. Due to morphological similarities, the taxonomy of wild Lupinus species is still incomplete. It is, therefore, useful to collect morphological, chemical, and molecular data for the correct differentiation of these plants. In the present work, the composition of the seed proteins of four species: Lupinus aschenbornii Schauer, Lupinus campestris Cham and Schlecht, Lupinus hintonii C.P. Smith, and Lupinus montanus Kunth were analyzed. Seeds were collected at Iztaccihuatl—Popocatepetl National Park. Both total proteins and single protein families, purified by chromatographic procedures, were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and 2D-electrophoresis and by LC-MS/MS analysis. Data were compared with those of domesticated species whose proteomes had been already described in the literature. The protein profile may be useful for species identification since they have specific characteristics in each single species.
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Musco, N., M. I. Cutrignelli, S. Calabrò, et al. "Comparison of nutritional and antinutritional traits among different species (Lupinus albusL.,Lupinus luteusL.,Lupinus angustifoliusL.) and varieties of lupin seeds." Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 101, no. 6 (2017): 1227–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpn.12643.
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Jurkonienė, Sigita, Jurga Jankauskienė, Rima Mockevičiūtė, et al. "Elevated Temperature Induced Adaptive Responses of Two Lupine Species at Early Seedling Phase." Plants 10, no. 6 (2021): 1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10061091.
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This study aimed to investigate the impact of climate warming on hormonal traits of invasive and non-invasive plants at the early developmental stage. Two different lupine species—invasive Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. and non-invasive Lupinus luteus L.—were used in this study. Plants were grown in climate chambers under optimal (25 °C) and simulated climate warming conditions (30 °C). The content of phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), ethylene production and the adaptive growth of both species were studied in four-day-old seedlings. A higher content of total IAA, especially of IAA-amides and transportable IAA, as well as higher ethylene emission, was determined to be characteristic for invasive lupine both under optimal and simulated warming conditions. It should be noted that IAA-L-alanine was detected entirely in the invasive plants under both growth temperatures. Further, the ethylene emission values increased significantly in invasive lupine hypocotyls under 30 °C. Invasive plants showed plasticity in their response by reducing growth in a timely manner and adapting to the rise in temperature. Based on the data of the current study, it can be suggested that the invasiveness of both species may be altered under climate warming conditions.
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Ralphs, Michael H., M. Coburn Williams, and David L. Turner. "Herbicidal Control of Velvet Lupine (Lupinus leucophyllus)." Weed Technology 1, no. 3 (1987): 212–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00029559.
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Several herbicides were evaluated for the control of velvet lupine (Lupinus leucophyllus Dougl. #3 LUPLE), a plant poisonous to sheep on western mountain ranges, and a secondary target species, mountain big sagebrush [Artemisia tridentata Nutt. # ARTTR]. Change in foliar cover of the two target species and associated vegetation was used to evaluate efficacy of the herbicides. Velvet lupine cover was reduced by greater than 50% in the 1983 trial by the butyl ester of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] at 2.2 and 4.5 kg ae/ha, the butoxyethanol ester of 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] at 1.1 and 2.2 kg ae/ha, the dimethylamine salt of dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) at 2.2 kg ae/ha, and 2,4-D plus dicamba at 1.1 plus 0.6 kg/ha. Cover of velvet lupine and other forbs was reduced by drought in the spring of 1985 and obscured the comparison among herbicides in the 1984 trial. Cover of mountain big sagebrush was consistently reduced (>88%) by 2,4-D at 4.5 kg/ha in both trials, and by three rates of the butoxyethyl ester of triclopyr {[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy] acetic acid} (>67%) in the 1984 trial. Grass cover increased in plots where herbicides effectively reduced velvet lupine, forbs, and mountain big sagebrush.
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Borek, S., S. Pukacka, K. Michalski, and L. Ratajczak. "Lipid and protein accumulation in developing seeds of three lupine species: Lupinus luteus L., Lupinus albus L., and Lupinus mutabilis Sweet." Journal of Experimental Botany 60, no. 12 (2009): 3453–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erp186.
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van Barneveld, Robert J. "Understanding the nutritional chemistry of lupin (Lupinus spp.) seed to improve livestock production efficiency." Nutrition Research Reviews 12, no. 2 (1999): 203–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/095442299108728938.
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AbstractIn their raw, unprocessed form, lupins have many desirable characteristics for feeding both ruminants and single-stomached animals. An emphasis on these desirable characteristics when formulating diets, combined with an advanced knowledge of how components of lupins can influence nutritional value, will ensure they make a cost-effective contribution to livestock diets. The main lupin species used in livestock diets include Lupinus albus, L. angustifolius and L. luteus. Supplementation of ruminant diets with lupins has been shown to have many positive effects in terms of growth and reproductive efficiency, comparable with supplements of cereal grain. The true value of lupins in ruminants, however, can only be determined following a better definition of animal requirements and a closer match of ration specifications. Pigs can effectively utilize L. angustifolius and L. luteus, but detailed research has yet to reveal the reason for poor utilization of diets containing L. albus. Poultry can tolerate high levels of lupins in their diets but levels are often restricted to avoid problems associated with excess moisture in the excreta. Variable responses to enzymes have been observed when attempting to rectify this problem. Lupins have unique carbohydrate properties characterized by negligible levels of starch, high levels of soluble and insoluble NSP, and high levels of raffinose oligosaccharides, all of which can affect the utilization of energy and the digestion of other nutrients in the diet. In addition to carbohydrates, an understanding of lupin protein, lipid and mineral composition together with a knowledge of potential anti-nutritional compounds is required if the use of this legume is to be optimized.
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Darginavičienė, Jūratė, and Sigita Jurkonienė. "Characteristics of transmembrane proton transport in the cells of Lupinus polyphyllus." Open Life Sciences 8, no. 5 (2013): 461–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-013-0156-7.
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AbstractThe aim of this work was to examine H+-ATPase hydrolytic activity and the stability of transmembrane electrochemical gradients in membrane vesicles isolated from seedlings and leaf cells of an invasive Washington lupine (Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl.) and compare them with non-invasive yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.). Temperatures of 25 and 30°C, keeping in mind possible climate warming, were used. For harder stress conditions, short term cold treatment (−8°C in vivo) was used. Plasmalemma-, tonoplast-, and endoplasmic reticulum-enriched membrane fractions were obtained from a sucrose density gradient and identified. Differences in ATPase hydrolytic activity were significant only between lupine species and were more obvious in plasmalemma-enriched fractions. Preincubation of seedlings and leaves at −8°C for 15 min to 24 h showed that microsomic fraction membranes of invasive lupine were more stable (according to Na+-diffusive potential) at low temperature compared to yellow lupine ones. The level of transmembrane electrochemical potential, mainly evoked by ATP-dependent active proton transport, was almost equal in both lupine species. Supposedly, the cells of invasive lupine are able to maintain transmembrane electrochemical potential by the employment of lower hydrolytic activity of H+-ATPase, thus saving energy for growth.
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Talhinhas, Pedro, S. Sreenivasaprasad, João Neves-Martins, and Helena Oliveira. "Genetic and Morphological Characterization of Colletotrichum acutatum Causing Anthracnose of Lupins." Phytopathology® 92, no. 9 (2002): 986–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2002.92.9.986.
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Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum sp., is a serious problem of lupins (Lupinus spp.) worldwide. Morphological characters and molecular markers were used to characterize 43 Colletotrichum isolates from lupins, 8 isolates from other hosts, and 18 reference isolates representing related Colletotrichum spp., to assess the pathogen diversity and resolve its taxonomy. All lupin Colletotrichum isolates tested positive with C. acutatum-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and did not test positive with C. gloeosporioides-specific PCR. Spore shape and colony diameter as well as insensitivity to benomyl grouped the lupin anthracnose isolates closer to C. acutatum than to C. gloeosporioides. Analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of 57 Colletotrichum isolates grouped all lupin isolates with C. acutatum and distinct from C. gloeosporioides. Further, tub2 and his4 sequences revealed groups concordant with ITS, reducing the excessive dependence on the latter. Arbitrarily primed-PCR and amplified fragment length polymorphism analyses revealed intraspecific subgroups, but neither was useful to decipher species level relationships. ITS, tub2, and his4 results strongly support designating lupin anthracnose pathogen as C. acutatum or its subspecies. Most Colletotrichum isolates from lupins from worldwide locations are genetically homogeneous and form a distinct subgroup within C. acutatum. Present results also underline the potential of the C. acutatum-specific PCR for routine pathogen diagnosis.
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Phan, Huyen T. T., Simon R. Ellwood, Rebecca Ford, Steve Thomas, and Richard Oliver. "Differences in syntenic complexity between Medicago truncatula with Lens culinaris and Lupinus albus." Functional Plant Biology 33, no. 8 (2006): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp06102.
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Orthologous markers transferable between distantly related legume species allow for the rapid generation of genetic maps in species where there is little pre-existing genomic or EST information. We are using the model legume Medicago truncatula Gaertn. to develop such markers in legumes of importance to Australian agriculture. This will enable the construction of comparative genetic maps, help to determine patterns of chromosomal evolution in the legume family, and characterise syntenic relationships between M. truncatula and cultivated legumes. This information can then be used to identify markers that are tightly linked to the genes of interest, candidate gene(s) for a trait, and expedite the isolation of such genes. Among the Papilionoideae, we compared ESTs from the phylogenetically distant species, M. truncatula, Lupinus albus and Glycine max, to produce 500 intron-targeted amplified polymorphic markers (ITAPs). In addition to 126 M. truncatula cross-species markers from Department of Plant Pathology, University of California (USA), these markers were used to generate comparative genetic maps of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) and white lupin (Lupinus albus Linn.). Our results showed that 90% of the ITAPs markers amplified genomic DNA in M. truncatula, 80% in Lupinus albus, and 70% in Lens culinaris. The comparative map of Lens culinaris was constructed based on 79 ITAP markers. The Lupinus albus comparative map was developed from 105 gene-based markers together with 223 AFLP markers. Although a direct and simple syntenic relationship was observed between M. truncatula and Lens culinaris genomes, there is evidence of moderate chromosomal rearrangement. This may account for the different chromosome numbers in the two species. A more complicated pattern among homologous blocks was apparent between the Lupinus albus and M. truncatula genomes.