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Mauer, Oldřich, Dušan Vavříček i Eva Palátová. "Assessing the influence of the Lupinus genus in the biological reclamation of sites degraded by whole-area dozer soil treatment". Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, nr 3 (2013): 711–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361030711.
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The paper deals with possibilities of using the blue lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.), white lupine (Lupinus albus L.) and garden lupine (Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl) in the biological reclamation of sites degraded by whole-area dozer soil treatment.The lupines were sown into strips or broadcast. The effect of lupines onto the growth and health condition of the young plantations of Norway spruce, European beech and Scots pine was studied together with their influence on the site soil characteristics. The experiment showed that the sowing of lupine favourably affected biometrical characteristics of newly planted trees. Even though the soil humus content did not increase in the experimental period of 5 years, the nitrogen nutrition as well as the nutrition with other biogenic elements improved and the symptoms of chlorosis were eliminated. In the conditions of the Krušné hory Mts., the lupines can produce up to 3.6 tons of biomass dry matter and favourably affect the nutrition of planted trees.
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Frid, Leonardo, i Roy Turkington. "The influence of herbivores and neighboring plants on risk of browsing: a case study using arctic lupine (Lupinus arcticus) and arctic ground squirrels (Spermophilus parryii plesius)". Canadian Journal of Zoology 79, nr 5 (1.05.2001): 874–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z01-052.
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We examined how herbivore distribution and density, neighboring plant density and species composition, and individual plant morphology all influence the risk that individual arctic lupines (Lupinus arcticus) will be browsed by arctic ground squirrels (Spermophilus parryii plesius). Risk of being browsed was significantly influenced by the number of resident ground squirrels but not by overall squirrel density at a site. As the leaf density of neighboring conspecifics increased, risk of browsing to an individual lupine decreased except when palatable neighbors were also present. The presence of other palatable species increased the risk of browsing. Risk was highest when both lupine and other palatable neighbors were present. The presence of unpalatable neighbors reduced the risk of browsing of individual lupines. We discuss these results in the context of three hypotheses: (1) attractant decoy, (2) resource concentration, and (3) repellent plant. No single hypothesis accounts for our observations, but an interaction between herbivores, neighbors, and individual lupine morphology determined risk of browsing.
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Hanczakowska, Ewa, Jerzy Księżak i Małgorzata Świątkiewicz. "Efficiency of lupine seed (Lupinus angustifolium and Lupinus luteus) in sow, piglet and fattener feeding". Agricultural and Food Science 26, nr 1 (3.04.2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.59407.
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The possibility to replace a part of soybean meal in sow, piglet and growing finishing pig feed by high and low alkaloid varieties of two species of lupines was examined in this study. 50 Polish Landrace sows and their progeny were allocated to 5 groups. Two varieties of Lupinus angustifolius: low (Graf) in group II and high alkaloid (Karo) in group III and Lupinus luteus: low- (Mister) in group IV and high alkaloid (Parys) in group V, partly replaced soybean meal (control). Apparent digestibility was evaluated using the same feeds on 30 barrows: around 40 kg (grower) and 80 kg (finisher). Litter weight of piglets from lupine groups was significantly lower than that from control group. Between 35th and 84 day piglet fed with low-alkaloid lupine (Graf) gained better than others and than soybean meal. Feed enzyme supplement has only limited effect on piglet and growing pig performance. During the whole fattening period there was no significant difference in weight gains except group fed high-alkaloid cv. Karo which was the worst. Meat of pigs fed with lupines was poorer in PUFA n-3 than control. Results suggest low alkaloid varieties of blue and yellow lupine, given in moderate amount, give similar results in growing pig feeding than soybean meal but meat quality is lower.
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Beligala, Gayathri U., Helen J. Michaels i Vipaporn Phuntumart. "Screening of lupine germplasm for resistance against Phytophthora sojae". Botany 98, nr 5 (maj 2020): 261–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2019-0163.
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Phytophthora sojae is a major pathogen in cultivated soybeans world-wide. Although incorporating resistance genes has been an effective management tool for soybean breeders, surveys of soybean fields in the Midwest US indicate that some P. sojae strains are capable of overcoming all known resistance genes. While P. sojae is known to have a very narrow host range, it can also infect Lupinus (lupine), varieties of which may provide potential sources for novel resistance genes that can be genetically engineered into soybean. The chemotactic behavior of zoospores and pathogenicity of P. sojae strain P6497 towards 17 lupine lines were explored. The two soybean varieties Williams and Williams 82 that are susceptible and resistant against P. sojae P6497, respectively, were used as controls. Chemotaxis assays showed that there was no coherent pattern between the number of zoospores colonizing the root surface and plant tolerance or resistance to phytophthora root rot. Pathogenicity tests identified that two of the 17 lupine lines tested (LAB 18 and LL 35) were resistant to P. sojae infection. Phylogenetic analysis of these two resistant lupine lines with Old World lupines of the Mediterranean and North African regions, and New World lupines of America, indicated that they originated from the Old World.
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Fernández-Aparicio, M., A. A. Emeran, A. Moral i D. Rubiales. "First Report of Crenate Broomrape (Orobanche crenata) on White Lupine (Lupinus albus) Growing in Alkaline Soils in Spain and Egypt". Plant Disease 93, nr 9 (wrzesień 2009): 970. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-9-0970c.
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Crenate broomrape (Orobanche crenata Forsk.) is a parasitic weed known to threaten legume crops since antiquity. It is mainly restricted to the Mediterranean Basin, Southern Europe, and the Middle East where it is an important pest in grain and forage legumes and in some apiaceous crops such as carrot and celery (1). White lupines are cultivated in acid soils, which usually are free of O. crenata infestations. However, breeders are attempting to develop white lupine cultivars adapted to alkaline soils (2). We report here findings of O. crenata infection in field trials of this new lupine germplasm in alkaline soils in experimental farms with a known history of faba bean cultivation and heavy infestation of O. crenata in Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt and Córdoba, Spain in the spring of 2009. Symptoms were typical of O. crenata infection with reduced growth and emergence of typical O. crenata nonbranched spikes close to the lupine plants. Infection was confirmed by digging up the plants to verify the attachment of the broomrape plant to the lupine. O. crenata plants growing on lupines were fully fertile, producing viable seeds. Plant morphology was typical of O. crenata (1). Voucher specimens were deposited at the Herbarium of the Botanic Department of the University of Córdoba. To our knowledge, this is the first report of O. crenata infecting lupine and is relevant because the expected introduction of alkaline-tolerant lupine cultivars will extend its area of cultivation into fields heavily infested with Orobanche. O. crenata is highly polymorphic and could easily adapt to, recognize, and infect this new host. Development of lupine-adapted O. crenata populations should be monitored because it could represent a major constraint on lupine introduction into alkaline soils. References: (1) D. M. Joel et al. Biology and Management of Weedy Root Parasites. Page 267 in: Horticultural Reviews. Vol. 33. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ, 2007. (2) M. Vishnyakova and A. Mikic, White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) landraces and the breeding for tolerance to alkaline soil reaction. Page 142 in: Second GL-TTP Workshop: Integrating Legume Science and Crop Breeding. Novi Sad, Serbia, 2008.
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Elmer, Wade H., Huaan A. Yang i Mark W. Sweetingham. "Characterization of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Isolates from Ornamental Lupines in Connecticut". Plant Disease 85, nr 2 (luty 2001): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.2.216.
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Twenty-six isolates of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides were isolated from diseased ornamental lupines (Lupinus spp. ‘Russell Hybrids’) in seven different nurseries in Connecticut from 1996 to 1998. Three isolates from New Hampshire, New York, and Utah were also included. All isolates identified were pathogenic on lupine and vegetatively compatible with each other. Representative isolates were compared to lupine isolates from Quebec, Canada and France (COL-1 group), and from Australia and France (COL-2 group). Both groups are responsible for causing anthracnose of ornamental and forage Lupinus spp. in these countries. The Connecticut isolates were vegetatively compatible with the isolates in the COL-2 group and had random amplified polymorphic DNA profiles consistent with isolates in the COL-2 group. Isolates in the COL-1 group were vegetatively compatible only with each other and had random amplified polymorphic DNA profiles that differed from the COL-2 group. Isolates in both COL-1 and COL-2 were sensitive to both benomyl and thiobendazole, but the COL-1 group could be distinguished as slightly more tolerant than the COL-2 group and the Connecticut isolates. These assays provided persuasive evidence that the isolates from Connecticut belong to COL-2 group. The introduction of this homogenous pathogen population in Connecticut is likely due to the importation of infested seeds.
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Korniychuk, M. S., i N. V. Tkachenko. "Perspective of using fusariosis resistant varieties of lupines in organic farming". Interdepartmental thematic scientific collection "Agriculture" 1, nr 94 (22.05.2018): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/zem.94.45-50.
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The expediency of fusarium resistant lupines usage in organic farming for improving soil fertility and producing high protein feed for livestock is justified in this article.
Organic production excludes the use of mineral fertilizers and pesticides. In these circumstances, increases the value of cultures that positively affect the fertility of soils and their phytosanitary status. These crops include annual fodder lupine (yellow, white and angustifolia), especially varieties that are resistant to disease.
Having the highest nitrogen-fixing ability among annual legume crops, lupins, depending on the type and conditions of cultivation, can accumulate from 80 to 300 kg/ha of environmentally pure symbiotic nitrogen in biomass. Plowing the green mass (30-45 t/ha) is equivalent to the corresponding amount of manure or introduction of 5-7 t/ha of ammonium nitrate. 30 kg/ha of phosphorus and 50 kg/ha of potassium are entering the soil with plant remains. Therefore, lupine provides itself with nutrients and still leaves up to 150 kg/ha of nitrogen in the soil after harvesting for subsequent crops in crop rotation.
In organic production, fusariosis resistant varieties of lupines are also interesting as a source of high protein feeds for livestock. They are building up to 60 t/ha of biomass, which contains more than one ton of digestible protein. In grain of the fodder varieties contains 40-52% of crude protein, 5.5-6.0% of fat, 10-12% of sugar.
The characteristic of fusarium resistant varieties of lupins (yellow, white and angustifolia), created in the NSC "Institute of Agriculture NAAS" and included in the Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine is presented in this article. These varieties are practically not affected by fusariosis under the production conditions and do not require the use of fungicides during the growing season. They can be grown in crop rotation with a return period of 2-3 years, whereas for unstable it took 6-7 years. Because of the inability to use in organic farming fungicide to prevent crop losses from anthracnose, it is necessary to use predominantly angustifolia lupine varieties, which are now more tolerant to this disease, prevent sowing of infected seeds and adhere to crop rotation.
Fusarium-resistant varieties of lupins are suitable for cultivation in poucous and sown crops, and in mixtures with other crops.
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Al-Abdouh, MD, Ahmad, Hamzeh Mohammad Alrawashdeh, MD, Ahmad Khalaf, MD i Ibrahim Alnawaiseh. "Anticholinergic Toxicity Associated with Lupine Seeds Ingestion—A Case Report". Research in Health Science 5, nr 1 (16.01.2020): p22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/rhs.v5n1p22.
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Lupine, a member of the legume family, is also known as lupines in the USA and as Turmus in the Middle East. Lupine seeds are consumed as an appetizer and in herbal therapy for diabetes mellitus in the Middle East. Quinolizidine alkaloids are found in various plants belonging to the Lupinus genus although the nature and level of these alkaloids are highly variable between species; these compounds are known to cause anticholinergic symptoms. We present a case for a 40-year old woman who presented with blurry vision, nausea, abdominal pain, dizziness, disorientation, and severe mouth dryness for one hour prior to presentation. She ate partially debittered lupine seeds about an hour prior to her complaints. On physical exam, she was found to have sinus tachycardia, bilateral fixed dilated pupils and facial flushing. Lab tests and brain imaging were unremarkable, and the lupine seeds ingestion was presumed to be the cause of her complaints. She was admitted for observation for 24 hours and her symptoms resolved spontaneously.
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Msaddak, Abdelhakim, Mohamed Mars, Miguel A. Quiñones, M. Mercedes Lucas i José J. Pueyo. "Lupin, a Unique Legume That Is Nodulated by Multiple Microsymbionts: The Role of Horizontal Gene Transfer". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, nr 7 (30.03.2023): 6496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076496.
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Lupin is a high-protein legume crop that grows in a wide range of edaphoclimatic conditions where other crops are not viable. Its unique seed nutrient profile can promote health benefits, and it has been proposed as a phytoremediation plant. Most rhizobia nodulating Lupinus species belong to the genus Bradyrhizobium, comprising strains that are phylogenetically related to B. cytisi, B. hipponenese, B. rifense, B. iriomotense/B. stylosanthis, B. diazoefficiens, B. japonicum, B. canariense/B. lupini, and B. retamae/B. valentinum. Lupins are also nodulated by fast-growing bacteria within the genera Microvirga, Ochrobactrum, Devosia, Phyllobacterium, Agrobacterium, Rhizobium, and Neorhizobium. Phylogenetic analyses of the nod and nif genes, involved in microbial colonization and symbiotic nitrogen fixation, respectively, suggest that fast-growing lupin-nodulating bacteria have acquired their symbiotic genes from rhizobial genera other than Bradyrhizobium. Horizontal transfer represents a key mechanism allowing lupin to form symbioses with bacteria that were previously considered as non-symbiotic or unable to nodulate lupin, which might favor lupin’s adaptation to specific habitats. The characterization of yet-unstudied Lupinus species, including microsymbiont whole genome analyses, will most likely expand and modify the current lupin microsymbiont taxonomy, and provide additional knowledge that might help to further increase lupin’s adaptability to marginal soils and climates.
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Merrill, Christopher. "Lupines". Antioch Review 46, nr 2 (1988): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4611881.
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Lu, Shi-En, i Dennis C. Gross. "Drippy Pod of White Lupine: A New Bacterial Disease Caused by a Pathovar of Brenneria quercina". Plant Disease 94, nr 12 (grudzień 2010): 1431–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-10-0365.
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Drippy pod is a unique bacterial disease of Mediterranean white lupine (Lupinus albus) that first appeared in commercial fields in Eastern Washington State in the mid-1980s. The disease is most noticeable in the field as water-soaked lesions on lupine pods that produce an abundance of whitish-colored ooze with a sticky and foamy consistency. As the disease progresses, yellowing of lupine plants occurs with ooze characteristically dripping down the infected pods and stems and solidifying. A gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium with facultative anaerobic growth was repeatedly isolated from infected lupine tissues, and subsequently confirmed by Koch's postulates to infect lupines. Physiological and biochemical tests, including the API 20E and 50CHE strip assays, showed a highly uniform phenotype for the lupine strains that was distinctive for the genus Brenneria and most closely resembled the oak pathogen Brenneria quercina. Furthermore, sequence analyses of the 16S rDNA gene and the 16S-23S intergenic region of lupine strains revealed the highest similarity (>97%) to the corresponding regions of B. quercina and less similarity to the next closest species, B. salicis. Fatty acid profiling demonstrated that lupine strains were qualitatively similar in composition to Brenneria spp., and supported placement of the drippy pod bacterium in the species B. quercina. Oak strains of B. quercina, however, did not incite drippy pod disease on lupine. Consequently, the lupine strains that cause bacterial drippy pod disease were classified as B. quercina pv. lupinicola pv. nov.
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Dankevich, L. A. "Genetic profiling of bacteria belongs to genus Pseudomonas, what affects legumes". Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 22 (9.09.2018): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v22.935.
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Aim. For the purpose of correct inter species identification and estimation of group’s heterogeneity, the genome fingerprinting of isolated by us and collection "Pseudomonas lupini" strains as well as typical representative of genus, affecting legumes, has been carried out. Methods. In the course of research, microbiological, molecular genetic (REP-PCR) methods and method of molecular phylogenetics (UPGMA) were used. Results. The genetic heterogeneity of isolated and collections "Pseudomonas lupini" strains has been estimated. A relationship between isolated and collections "Pseudomonas lupini" strains with the typical Pseudomonas syringae strains, affecting legumes, for BOX, REP and ERIC profiles has been determined. Conclusions. BOX, ERIC and REP-profiling of the genome of the agent of lupines’ brown spottiness revealed significant genetic heterogeneity of its population (from 20 to 50 % of heterogeneity) and close similarity of this pathogen to representatives of the species Pseudomonas syringae.Keywords: identification, genetic heterogeneity, REP-PCR, causative agent of lupines’ brown spottiness.
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Gavelienė, Virgilija, Sigita Jurkonienė, Elžbieta Jankovska-Bortkevič i Danguolė Švegždienė. "Effects of Elevated Temperature on Root System Development of Two Lupine Species". Plants 11, nr 2 (12.01.2022): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11020192.
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The aim of this study was to assess the effect of elevated temperature on the growth, morphology and spatial orientation of lupine roots at the initial stages of development and on the formation of lupine root architecture at later stages. Two lupine species were studied—the invasive Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. and the non-invasive L. luteus L. The plants were grown in climate chambers under 25 °C and simulated warming at 30 °C conditions. The angle of root curvature towards the vector of gravity was measured at the 48th hour of growth, and during a 4-h period after 90° reorientation. Root biometrical, histological measurements were carried out on 7-day-old and 30-day-old plants. The elevation of 5 °C affected root formation of the two lupine species differently. The initial roots of L. polyphyllus were characterized by worse spatial orientation, reduced growth and reduced mitotic index of root apical meristem at 30 °C compared with 25 °C. The length of primary roots of 30-day-old lupines and the number of lateral roots decreased by 14% and 16%, respectively. More intense root development and formation were observed in non-invasive L. luteus at 30 °C. Our results provide important information on the effect of elevated temperature on the formation of root architecture in two lupine species and suggest that global warming may impact the invasiveness of these species.
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MOHAMMED, ABDELAZIZ MUSA MOHAMMED, i OMER IBRAHIM AHMED HAMID. "Preservative effect of lupine extract (Lupinus luteus) on quality of raw cow’s milk during storage". Biofarmasi Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry 15, nr 2 (1.08.2017): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biofar/f150201.
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Mohammed AMM, Hamid OIA. 2017. Preservative effect of lupine extract (Lupinus luteus) on quality of raw cow’s milk during storage. Biofarmasi J Nat Prod Biochem 15: 45-52. The experiment was conducted to assess the effect of various level of lupine (Lupinus luteus) extract as milk preservative on the physicochemical and microbial load of the raw cow’s milk during 2016. The milk samples were purchased from milk dairy farm of the College of Animal Production Science and Technology, Sudan University of Science and Technology at Kuku area. Five treatments were carried out in this study; in the first treatment, raw cow’s milk was left at room temperature without lupine extract and, respectively, in 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th treatments, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% of lupine extract were added to fresh milk samples (four hundred mls of milk for each sample). The raw milk samples in all treatments were left for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 hours at room temperature. The physicochemical (protein, fat, titratable acidity, total solids not fat, pH and ash) and microbiological (total bacteria count) analyses of the milk samples were taken. The results showed that the lupine extract significantly (p<0.05) affected the protein, fat, total solids not fat and pH contents of the milk samples, while no significant (P≥ 0.05) effect was found in the acidity and ash contents of raw milk samples. The storage period significantly (p<0.05) affected the fat, pH and acidity of raw milk samples, while no significant effect was reported in the protein, total solids not fat and ash contents. The microbial load of raw milk (Total bacterial count) was significantly (p<0.05) affected by the increased level of lupines. The storage period significantly (p<0.05) affected the microbial load of the fresh milk.
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Piekarczyk, Mariusz. "Comparison of the competitive ability of legumes against weeds". Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Agricultura 22, nr 1 (2023): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37660/aspagr.2023.22.1.1.
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Background. Legumes are a very important element of crop rotation, they have a high potential for protein production. Reducing weed infestation of these plants during the critical period of competition is essential for crop success, previous crop value and high seed yields. Evaluation of the competitive ability of legumes grown in Poland against weeds can be a valuable indication of which species to grow in conditions of increased weed infestation of fields, reduced doses of herbicides, unfavorable weather conditions, or systemic limitations of weed control technology. Material and methods. In a two-factor field experiment carried out in 2014–2015, the competitive ability of edible and fodder peas, yellow and white lupines and soybean against weeds was assessed. The reaction of these plants to chemical weed control and its lack was compared. Results. Abandonment of herbicide protection, compared to the application of a mixture of soil herbicides containing linuron and clomazone immediately after sowing, significantly increased the number and weight of weeds. Lack of weed control of selected legume plants resulted in a proven decrease in seed yield of: edible pea by 20%, fodder pea by 23%, yellow lupine by 32%, white lupine by 23% and soybean by 77%%. The yield of the tested legume plants was negatively correlated with the weight and number of weeds. Conclusion. The tested legume plants – edible pea, fodder pea, yellow lupine, white lupine and soybean – differed in their competitive ability against weeds. Soybean was the most sensitive to the presence of weeds, followed by yellow and white lupines, and the least sensitive were edible and fodder peas. In conditions of high weed infestation of fields and difficulties in keeping stands clean, the legume plant most recommended for cultivation is pea. Its cultivation allows obtaining seed yields of more than 3 Mg·ha-1, even in the absence of weed control.
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Aldoshin, Nikolay V., i Maxim A. Mosyakov. "The Results of the Laboratory Studies of Harvesting the White Lupine by a Stripper Header with Fingers for Large Seed Crops". Engineering Technologies and Systems 30, nr 3 (30.09.2020): 377–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.030.202003.377-393.
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Introduction. Agricultural machinery and devices used for harvesting white lupines do not provide a complete collection of seeds, which leads to the violation of agricultural requirements for the harvesting of leguminous crops. It is necessary to find new technological and technical solutions to reduce losses of seeds during this process. The most perspective solution to the problem of white lupine harvesting is the application of industrial flow line technology together with the improvement of the method to comb standing plants by a stripper header. Materials and Methods. The article presents the design of a laboratory setup with experimental working bodies, which allows simulating the process of harvesting white lupines by separating the seed part of plants in the field. The empirical method based on the theory of multi-factor experiment was used to substantiate the parameters and operating modes of the stripper header with fingers for large seed crops. The algorithm and results of experimental studies to determine the completeness of seed collection are presented. Results. The results of the laboratory studies of the stripper header with fingers for largeseeded crops to determine the qualitative indicators for the completeness of the collection of white lupine seeds are presented. It is determined that the maximum completeness of seed collection is 99.5%. Discussion and Conclusion. In studying the technological process of harvesting white Degas lupine seeds by a combing header with fingers for large-seeded crops under laboratory conditions, the physical and mechanical properties of plants were experimentally studied, their morphological characteristics were clarified, and the regimen-technological parameters of the harvesting header were determined to ensure seed loss within agrotechnical requirements (0.5%).
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Stępkowski, Tomasz, Colin E. Hughes, Ian J. Law, Łukasz Markiewicz, Dorota Gurda, Agnieszka Chlebicka i Lionel Moulin. "Diversification of Lupine Bradyrhizobium Strains: Evidence from Nodulation Gene Trees". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, nr 10 (30.03.2007): 3254–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02125-06.
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ABSTRACT Bradyrhizobium strains isolated in Europe from Genisteae and serradella legumes form a distinct lineage, designated clade II, on nodulation gene trees. Clade II bradyrhizobia appear to prevail also in the soils of Western Australia and South Africa following probably accidental introduction with seeds of their lupine and serradella hosts. Given this potential for dispersal, we investigated Bradyrhizobium isolates originating from a range of native New World lupines, based on phylogenetic analyses of nodulation (nodA, nodZ, noeI) and housekeeping (atpD, dnaK, glnII, recA) genes. The housekeeping gene trees revealed considerable diversity among lupine bradyrhizobia, with most isolates placed in the Bradyrhizobium japonicum lineage, while some European strains were closely related to Bradyrhizobium canariense. The nodA gene tree resolved seven strongly supported groups (clades I to VII) that correlated with strain geographical origins and to some extent with major Lupinus clades. All European strains were placed in clade II, whereas only a minority of New World strains was placed in this clade. This work, as well as our previous studies, suggests that clade II diversified predominately in the Old World, possibly in the Mediterranean. Most New World isolates formed subclade III.2, nested in a large “pantropical” clade III, which appears to be New World in origin, although it also includes strains originating from nonlupine legumes. Trees generated using nodZ and noeI gene sequences accorded well with the nodA tree, but evidence is presented that the noeI gene may not be required for nodulation of lupine and that loss of this gene is occurring.
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Gault, RR, EJ Corbin, KA Boundy i J. Brockwell. "Nodulation studies on legumes exotic to Australia: Lupinus and Ornithopus spp". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 26, nr 1 (1986): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9860037.
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In a series of glasshouse and field experiments, the symbiotic characteristics of 24 lines of Lupinus and Ornithopus species and 20 strains of Rhizobium lupini were defined. Rhizobium lupini inoculant established readily in several soils and lupins grown in the field responded to inoculation by improved nodulation, growth and yield. It is concluded that lupin crops sown on new land need to be inoculated to achieve optimum yield. At three sites, field-grown lupins responded to increasing rates of inoculation up to the rate recommended by the inoculant manufacturer. At two of the sites there was no further response to higher rates, but at the third there was a continuing response up to 125x (inoculation rate). Lupin seed was preinoculated, using gum arabic adhesive, up to 33 days before sowing without significant loss of viability or nodulating capacity of the inoculant. Seed coating with several materials did not improve inoculant viability on preinoculated seed. In glasshouse experiments, hostxstrain interactions in nitrogen fixation were frequent and substantial. They occurred at three levels of taxonomic relationship, viz, between the genera Lupinus and Ornithopus, between different species within the same genus, and between different lines of the same lupin species. Hostx strain interactions were also observed in field experiments but were less frequent and smaller than in the glasshouse. These observations have implications for the 'single-strain inoculant policy that applies to the manufacture of commercial lupin and serradella inoculant in Australia.
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Mierlita, Daniel, Daniel Simeanu, Ioan Mircea Pop, Florin Criste, Cecilia Pop, Cristina Simeanu i Florin Lup. "Chemical Composition and Nutritional Evaluation of the Lupine Seeds (Lupinus albus L.) from Low-Alkaloid Varieties". Revista de Chimie 69, nr 2 (15.03.2018): 453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.2.6126.
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The aim of this paper is to analyse the chemical compositional and nutritional profiles of a two number of white lupine cultivars (Lupinus albus, cultivars Amiga and Energy) suited to the pedoclimatic conditions in Romania, collected in the year 2015. No significant differences were observed among lupine cultivars in their dry matter (DM), crude ash or alkaloid contents. The highest protein content (36.4�1.1% of DM) and crude fat (10.1�1.2% of DM) was found in seeds from lupines belonging to cv. Amiga, while the highest crude fibre content (15.2�1.7% of DM) was found in cv. Energy. Both varieties examined were characterised by a shortage of methionine and lysine, but lysine deficiency was higher in cv. Energy. Amiga cultivar was found to be a nutritionally more valuable crop than cv. Energy by the standards of nutrition for mature human and animals (chicken broilers and growing pigs). Amiga lupine was characterised by a higher essential amino acid index (EAAI) as well as chemical score (CS) of lysine, and the high nutritional index (NI) and biological value (BV) of protein as compared to cv. Energy. The white lupine seeds examined can serve as a source of good quality food protein for adult humans, meet the requirement for exogenous amino acids (EAA) and Lys in chicken broilers and to a lesser degree in the case of growing pigs, according to the standards of nutrition used. Fatty acid (FA) composition showed that oleic acid (C18:1 n-9) was the major fatty acid, followed by linoleic (C18:2 n-6) and linolenic (C18:3 n-3) acids. Apart from the highest level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) the seed oil of Amiga cultivar showed and the largest content of linolenic acid (n-3) and the most favourable report n-3/n-6 FA.
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Hopper, Douglas A., Danelle E. Drew, Catherine E. Hudachek i Lori C. Rudolph. "Lupine (Lupinus polyphyllus) Flowering Response to Photoperiod and Hosta Response to Florel Growth Regulator". HortScience 33, nr 3 (czerwiec 1998): 447a—447. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.447a.
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Seeds of `Russell hybrid' and `Minarette' mix lupines were sown in three experiments on 3 Sept., 10 Nov., and 2 Mar. under long-day (LD). Seedlings were transplanted on 27 Jan., 11 Mar., and 16 Apr. and moved to natural-day (ND) or LD (1500 to 0200 hr). Plants were either placed in a 17/13C day/night (DT/NT) temperature or 22/18 °C DT/NT greenhouse, and moved monthly to ND or LD for 32 treatment combinations. Days until visible bud, flowering, and vegetative heights were analyzed. `Minarette' formed flowers more consistently than did `Russell hybrids', indicating that `Minarette' populations tend to flower earlier. Young lupines did not respond to photoperiod, but facultative flowering was observed. Foliage height was greater under LD. One-year-old Hosta sieboldiana and H. `Francis William' were transplanted with one crown and placed in two temperatures as with lupines. Expt. H1 hostas were placed under LD/ND with no spray, 500 ppm, or 1000 ppm Florel; Expt. H2 hostas were placed under LD with no spray, 250 ppm Florel monthly, 500 ppm Florel at 4-, 6-, or 8-week intervals, or 2500 ppm benzyladenine (BA) sprays monthly (Dec. 1996 to July 1997). H. sieboldiana had more offsets than H. `Francis William', but the latter had increased offsets with Florel sprays. Both cultivars were shorter with 1000 ppm Florel treatments. BA-treated plants were shorter with more offsets than Florel-treated plants.
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Kunz, Birgitta Maria, Laura Pförtner, Stefan Weigel, Sascha Rohn, Anselm Lehmacher i Ronald Maul. "Growth and toxin production of phomopsin A and ochratoxin A forming fungi under different storage conditions in a pea (Pisum sativum) model system". Mycotoxin Research 38, nr 1 (18.12.2021): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12550-021-00446-8.
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AbstractPhomopsins are mycotoxins mainly infesting lupines, with phomopsin A (PHOA) being the main mycotoxin. PHOA is produced by Diaporthe toxica, formerly assigned as toxigenic Phomopsis leptostromiformis, causing infections in lupine plants and harvested seeds. However, Diaporthe species may also grow on other grain legumes, similar to Aspergillus westerdijkiae as an especially potent ochratoxin A (OTA) producer. Formation of PHOA and OTA was investigated on whole field peas as model system to assess fungal growth and toxin production at adverse storage conditions. Field pea samples were inoculated with the two fungal strains at two water activity (aw) values of 0.94 and 0.98 and three different levels of 30, 50, and 80% relative air humidity.After 14 days at an aw value of 0.98, the fungi produced 4.49 to 34.3 mg/kg PHOA and 1.44 to 3.35 g/kg OTA, respectively. Strains of D. toxica also tested showed higher PHOA concentrations of 28.3 to 32.4 mg/kg.D. toxica strains did not grow or produce PHOA at an aw values of 0.94, while A. westerdijkiae still showed growth and OTA production.Elevated water activity has a major impact both on OTA and, even more pronouncedly, on PHOA formation and thus, proper drying and storage of lupins as well as other grain legumes is crucial for product safety.
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Ingiri, Andrey, Polina Ageeva, Natalia Ikko i Anna Yashkina. "A paradigm shift in the agricultural system in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation". E3S Web of Conferences 378 (2023): 06004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337806004.
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The article presents an overview of the environmental and economic consequences of chemicalization in crop production of the Murmansk region. Proposed is a way to overcome the current situation in the industry through alternative biological sources of increasing soil fertility. Three original varieties of lupines inoculated with a highly effective strain of nodule bacteria Rhizobium lupini were studied in a production experiment. The fodder value of green mass was calculated. Microbiological and agrochemical analyzes of soil in areas with alternative and traditional agricultural technologies were carried out.
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Schmeling, Gareth. "Petronius 14.3: Shekels and Lupines*)". Mnemosyne 45, nr 4 (1992): 531–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852592x00377.
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Davis, A. M., i D. M. Stout. "Anagyrine in Western American Lupines". Journal of Range Management 39, nr 1 (styczeń 1986): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3899681.
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Marley, C. L., W. J. Fisher, R. Fychan, R. Sanderson, M. T. Abberton i D. R. Davies. "Dry matter intakes, milk yield and milk composition of dairy cows offered concentrate diets containing either yellow lupins or soya bean meal". Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2009 (kwiecień 2009): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200029902.
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Lupins (Lupinus; Leguminosae) as a high protein, high energy, nitrogen-fixing grain legume, have the potential to be used as a home-grown feedstuff to replace soya (Glycine max) in livestock feeds in the UK. Lupins are not typically grown in the UK but their high feed value and the low alkaloid concentrations in new varieties have prompted a renewed interest in their use (Wilkins and Jones, 2000). Traditionally, white lupin (Lupinus albus) is the predominant species fed as a soya replacement to dairy cows in Europe and the USA but recent research has shown advantages of growing yellow lupins (Lupinus luteus) in the UK compared with white lupins. This study reports on the effects of feeding concentrate diets containing yellow lupin compared with soya bean meal on intakes, milk productivity and milk composition in dairy cows.
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Kerdellant, Elven, Thierry Thomann, Andy Sheppard i René F. H. Sforza. "Host Specificity and Preliminary Impact of Lepidapion argentatum (Coleoptera, Brentidae), a Biocontrol Candidate for French Broom (Genista monspessulana, Fabaceae)". Insects 12, nr 8 (31.07.2021): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12080691.
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French broom (Genista monspessulana) (Fabaceae) is a perennial species native to the Mediterranean basin. Introduced in the 19th century as an ornamental plant, it is currently invasive in California and Australia. The current research is focused on biocontrol with the use of the phytophagous weevil Lepidapion argentatum (Brentidae). Its capacity to develop both in the stem galls and pods of French broom makes it a promising candidate. The impact on the reproduction of French broom was studied in Southern France and revealed that it could effectively reduce the number of viable seeds by 18.8%, but also increased the number of aborted seeds by 10% within the attacked pods. To evaluate the specificity of L. argentatum, choice and no-choice tests were performed in 2012 and 2015 on a total of 36 non-target closely related species. Results revealed the presence of galls and larvae in the stems of seven species, including two endemic Californian lupines; i.e., Lupinus arboreus blue and Lupinus chamissonis. In the future, new tests will be conducted to determine if L. argentatum is able to complete its entire development lifecycle on the non-target species where galls have previously been observed.
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Rutkowski, Andrzej, Sebastian A. Kaczmarek, Marcin Hejdysz, Sebastian Nowaczewski i Dorota Jamroz. "Concentrates Made from Legume Seeds (Lupinus Angustifolius, Lupinus Luteus and Pisum Sativum) and Rapeseed Meal as Protein Sources in Laying Hen Diets". Annals of Animal Science 15, nr 1 (1.01.2015): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2014-0061.
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Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the usefulness of two protein concentrates composed of rapeseed meal and new cultivars of narrow-leaved and yellow lupine, peas in laying hen diets and their influence on birds’ performance and egg characteristics. The experiment was conducted with 180 layers kept in individual cages. The birds were randomly assigned to three treatments, with 60 hens in each and during the period of 17 weeks, they were fed diets: I - containing soybean meal as a protein source, II - containing protein concentrates composed of mixture of lupines, peas (19.48% of diet) and rapeseed meal, III - containing protein concentrates composed of a mixture of lupines and peas (27.68% of diet). The body weight, laying rate, egg weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) and egg characteristics were registered. After 9 weeks of experiment, a decrease of laying rate was recorded in treatment III. The mean value of laying rate for 17 weeks amounted to 82.7 (I), 82.5 (II) and 75.9% (III) (P<0.01). The egg weight was diversified already after 4 weeks of egg production and averaged 57.9 (I), 55.9 (II) and 54.9 g (III) (P<0.05). Feed intake amounted to 108 (I), 111 (II) and 104 g per hen/day (III), and FCR was 2.05, 3.17 and 2.23 kg/kg egg weight, respectively. As to egg characteristics, increases of white index (P<0.05), Haugh unit score and yolk colour in treatment III were observed but egg shell thickness was found significantly reduced. In conclusion, the use of about 27.68% of legume seed in laying hen diet affected negatively performance results but about 19.48% of these seeds and 8% rapeseed meal in diets could be accepted as a soybean meal substitute.
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Danilevicz, Monica F., Roberto Lujan Rocha, Jacqueline Batley, Philipp E. Bayer, Mohammed Bennamoun, David Edwards i Michael B. Ashworth. "Segmentation of Sandplain Lupin Weeds from Morphologically Similar Narrow-Leafed Lupins in the Field". Remote Sensing 15, nr 7 (29.03.2023): 1817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15071817.
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Narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) is an important dryland crop, providing a protein source in global grain markets. While agronomic practices have successfully controlled many dicot weeds among narrow-leafed lupins, the closely related sandplain lupin (Lupinus cosentinii) has proven difficult to control, reducing yield and harvest quality. Here, we successfully trained a segmentation model to detect sandplain lupins and differentiate them from narrow-leafed lupins under field conditions. The deep learning model was trained using 9171 images collected from a field site in the Western Australian grain belt. Images were collected using an unoccupied aerial vehicle at heights of 4, 10, and 20 m. The dataset was supplemented with images sourced from the WeedAI database, which were collected at 1.5 m. The resultant model had an average precision of 0.86, intersection over union of 0.60, and F1 score of 0.70 for segmenting the narrow-leafed and sandplain lupins across the multiple datasets. Images collected at a closer range and showing plants at an early developmental stage had significantly higher precision and recall scores (p-value < 0.05), indicating image collection methods and plant developmental stages play a substantial role in the model performance. Nonetheless, the model identified 80.3% of the sandplain lupins on average, with a low variation (±6.13%) in performance across the 5 datasets. The results presented in this study contribute to the development of precision weed management systems within morphologically similar crops, particularly for sandplain lupin detection, supporting future narrow-leafed lupin grain yield and quality.
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Vasquez, Katherine L., i Wayne A. Mackay. "Effect of Humidity, Temperature, and Scarification during Storage on Seed Germination of Lupinus havardii and L. texensis". HortScience 32, nr 3 (czerwiec 1997): 476E—476. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.476e.
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Lupinus havardii and L. texensis are two commercially important species of lupines (bluebonnets) in Texas. There is no current information for the storage requirements of these two bluebonnet species seeds. A study was undertaken to examine the effects of relative humidity, temperature, and scarification on seed germinability. Seeds of the two bluebonnet species were stored under five relative humidity treatments (11%, 23%, 52%, 75%, and 95%) and two temperature treatments (3°C or 22°C) either scarified or nonscarified in factorial combination. Seed samples were removed monthly. Nonscarified seed were scarified and all seed were placed in a seed germination chamber and germinated in petri dishes containing moistened filter paper. All samples of seed stored under 95% relative humidity were lost to seed-borne contamination. Germinability of scarified seed of both species decreased within 5 months in the 22°C/75% RH treatment. Other treatments had no effect on germinability during 7 months of seed storage.
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Pottorff, Laura Pickett, i Karen L. Panter. "Survey of Pythium and Phytophthora spp. in Irrigation Water Used by Colorado Commercial Greenhouses". HortTechnology 7, nr 2 (kwiecień 1997): 153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.7.2.153.
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The purpose of this study was to determine if irrigation water is a source of Pythium and Phytophthora spp. introduction into Colorado greenhouses. Nine greenhouses took part in the study; three each used municipal, well, or surface water as their irrigation supply. Water samples were collected from each greenhouse three times during Summer 1993. Samples were filtered, filter pads were incubated on selective media, and isolated pathogens were used to inoculate susceptible Cucumis sativus L. and Lupinus polyphyllus Findl. indicator plants. Pythium rostratum Butler and P. dissotocum Drechsler were isolated from surface water supplies. No Phytophthora was found in any water source. No differences were found in stem length or leaf number on inoculated versus control cucumbers or lupines. It was determined that both species of Pythium recovered are weak pathogens. Apparently, pathogenic Pythium and Phytophthora spp. are introduced into greenhouses in three counties in Colorado via means other than water supply.
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Bielski, Wojciech, Michał Książkiewicz, Denisa Šimoníková, Eva Hřibová, Karolina Susek i Barbara Naganowska. "The Puzzling Fate of a Lupin Chromosome Revealed by Reciprocal Oligo-FISH and BAC-FISH Mapping". Genes 11, nr 12 (10.12.2020): 1489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11121489.
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Old World lupins constitute an interesting model for evolutionary research due to diversity in genome size and chromosome number, indicating evolutionary genome reorganization. It has been hypothesized that the polyploidization event which occurred in the common ancestor of the Fabaceae family was followed by a lineage-specific whole genome triplication (WGT) in the lupin clade, driving chromosome rearrangements. In this study, chromosome-specific markers were used as probes for heterologous fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to identify and characterize structural chromosome changes among the smooth-seeded (Lupinus angustifolius L., Lupinus cryptanthus Shuttlew., Lupinus micranthus Guss.) and rough-seeded (Lupinus cosentinii Guss. and Lupinus pilosus Murr.) lupin species. Comparative cytogenetic mapping was done using FISH with oligonucleotide probes and previously published chromosome-specific bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones. Oligonucleotide probes were designed to cover both arms of chromosome Lang06 of the L. angustifolius reference genome separately. The chromosome was chosen for the in-depth study due to observed structural variability among wild lupin species revealed by BAC-FISH and supplemented by in silico mapping of recently released lupin genome assemblies. The results highlighted changes in synteny within the Lang06 region between the lupin species, including putative translocations, inversions, and/or non-allelic homologous recombination, which would have accompanied the evolution and speciation.
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Agafonova, Svetlana Viktorovna, i Artem Igorevich Rykov. "CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SEEDS OF PLANTS LUPINUS ANGUSTIFOLIUS L. AND LUPINUS ALBUS L. OF THE KALININGRAD REGION". chemistry of plant raw material, nr 3 (27.09.2021): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2021038358.
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The aim of the work was to study the chemical composition of seeds of plants Lupinus albus L., Lupinus angustifolius L., growing in the Kaliningrad region. Lupin is a promising crop due to the high content of biologically valuable protein in its seeds, as well as minerals, unsaturated fatty acids, water - and fat-soluble biologically active substances. The paper considers the amino acid, mineral, and fatty acid composition of seeds, presents data on the content of water-soluble vitamins in them, and shows the component composition of chloroform extracts of seeds.
The total number of amino acids (47.72±0.37 and 38.655±0.32%, respectively) was found in the seeds of narrow-leaved and white lupine, and a high content of glutamic acid and asparagine was found. The macronutrient composition, which is dominated by potassium, phosphorus and calcium, was studied. Among the microelements of seeds, manganese, iron, zinc and silicon predominate. A particularly high content of manganese in white lupin seeds (192.14±1.67 mg per 100 g) was noted. Analysis of the fatty acid composition of lupin seed oils showed a high degree of unsaturation with a high content of oleic and linoleic acids. Both types of lupine contain thiamine, pyridoxine, and niacin, while white lupine seeds also contain Pantothenic and folic acids. Сhromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the fraction isolated by chloroform from lupine seeds showed the presence of substances of the terpenes class (farnesene, neofitadiene, γ-tocopherol) and steriodic alcohols (campesterol, β-sitosterol).
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Tripolskaja, Liudmila, Asta Kazlauskaite-Jadzevice i Almantas Razukas. "Organic Carbon, Nitrogen Accumulation and Nitrogen Leaching as Affected by Legume Crop Residues on Sandy Loam in the Eastern Baltic Region". Plants 12, nr 13 (28.06.2023): 2478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12132478.
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Legumes have a wide range of positive effects on soil properties, including nitrogen and carbon storage, soil structure and the phytosanitary condition of crops. From an agronomic point of view, legumes are most valued for their ability to take up atmospheric nitrogen in symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of legume residues (peas, fodder beans, narrow-leaved lupins) on the N (Ntotal) and organic carbon (Corg) accumulation in soil and N leaching under temperate climate conditions. The experiment was carried out in lysimetric equipment in 2016–2023. The effect of legumes on Corg and Ntotal accumulation in soil and N leaching were studied in a Fabaceae–Cereals sequence. Three species of legumes—peas, fodder beans and narrow-leaved lupines—were tested; spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was grown as a control treatment. The lysimeter surface area was 1.75 m2 and the experimental soil layer was 0.60 m (sand loam Haplic Luvisol). It was found that after harvesting, more residues were incorporated into the soil with lupines (p < 0.05), which, compared to pea and bean residues, increased Ntotal and Corg concentrations in the soil. There was a strong correlation (r = 0.95) between the Ntotal concentration in the soil and the N amount incorporated with residues. Mineral N released during residue decomposition was leached from the humic horizon under conditions of excess moisture in the autumn–winter period and increased the nitrate concentration in the lysimeter water. The increase in concentration was recorded within 5 to 6 months after the application of the residues. As a result, the N leaching losses increased on average by 24.7–33.2% (p < 0.05) during the year of legume cultivation. In the following year, after legume residue incorporation, the effect of residues on nitrate concentration and N leaching decreased and did not differ significantly from that of barley residues.
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Hu, Jiahuai, Chuanxue Hong, Erik L. Stromberg i Gary W. Moorman. "Mefenoxam Sensitivity in Phytophthora cinnamomi Isolates". Plant Disease 94, nr 1 (styczeń 2010): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-1-0039.
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Phytophthora cinnamomi is a destructive root pathogen of numerous woody plant species in the ornamental plant nursery. Sixty-five isolates of P. cinnamomi were evaluated for mefenoxam sensitivity on 20% clarified V8 agar amended with mefenoxam at 0 or 100 μg/ml. In the presence of mefenoxam at 100 μg/ml, eight isolates were intermediately sensitive, with mycelium growth ranging between 11 and 18% of the nonamended control, and 57 isolates were highly sensitive, with little or no mycelium growth. Five intermediately sensitive and five sensitive isolates were chosen to characterize their responses to mefenoxam at 0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μg/ml. For intermediately sensitive isolates, the mefenoxam concentration causing 50% inhibition of mycelium growth (EC50 values) ranged between 0.03 and 0.08 μg/ml; EC50 values for sensitive isolates varied from 0.01 to 0.02 μg/ml. Five intermediately sensitive and seven sensitive isolates were selected further to assess in vivo sensitivity to mefenoxam using Lupinus angustifolius ‘Russell Hybrids’. Lupine seedlings were treated with distilled water or mefenoxam at label rate (Subdue MAXX, 1 fl. oz. of product per 100 gal.) and then, 2 days later, inoculated with a 5-mm-diameter mycelial plug of P. cinnamomi on each cotyledon. Mefenoxam-treated plants averaged more than 96% less disease than water-treated plants. Mefenoxam provided adequate protection of lupines from infection by all 12 isolates regardless of their in vitro levels of sensitivity to mefenoxam. The ability to develop mefenoxam resistance was assessed in P. cinnamomi isolates with different mefenoxam sensitivity by UV mutagenesis and adapting mycelium to increasing concentrations of mefenoxam. Both UV mutagenesis and mycelium adaptation generated isolates with reduced sensitivity to mefenoxam. These isolates, however, did not grow as quickly as their corresponding parent. This study suggests that P. cinnamomi populations from ornamental nurseries in Virginia are sensitive to mefenoxam.
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Skládanka, Jiří, i Petr Doležal. "The effect of different chemical preservative supplementation on the lupin silage quality". Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 56, nr 2 (2008): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200856020139.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a chemical preservative supplementation on the quality of lupine silage as compared with untreated controls. Fresh green Lupine (Lupines lupine), variete Juno, dry matter content 187.15 g / kg at full waxy stage of maturity were chopped to the legth of cut ca 30–50 mm. The crop was artificially wilted for a periody 24 h and ensiled as described above. Lupine were ensiled for 98 days in laboratory silos, capacity about 4 l alone or with supplementation of chemical preservative 3 and 6 l/tone forage respectively). The relatively mean WSC content and the low buffering capacity of lupine crop provided for a good preservation with the chemical preservative. The best quality of fermentation process and nutritive value was found in silages with the supplement of acid mixtures dosed at 6 l / t since they showed not only a better content of net energy (NEL) and CP but also a significantly higher ethanol content, a more favourable RDP content and a higher starch content than the control. The supplement of preservatives resulted in the increased DM content in stored silage, in the increased escape of silage effluents and in the inhibited (P < 0.01) formation of acetic acids (19.8±2.17 g / kg DM) in comparison with control silage. In chemical treated silages (3 l/t) was also increased level (P < 0.01) of lactic acid (116.9±2.61 g / kg DM) and total acids in kg of dry matter (143.4±3.64 g / kg), but decreased level of pH value (4.03±0.01), acidity water extract (KVV–1221.1±11.51 mg KOH/100 g silage), titration acidity (FT–0.107±0.002), and of NH3 content (664.1±7.51 mg / kg DM).
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Hopper, Douglas A. "Lupine (Lupinus polyphyllus) Flower in Response to Long-day Photoperiod by Day Extension". HortScience 32, nr 3 (czerwiec 1997): 466A—466. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.466a.
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Ninety-six uniform plants of each `Russell hybrid' and `Gallery' mix lupines sown 9 June 1995 were randomly assigned to 32 unique treatment combinations. On 14 Dec 1995, plants were either placed in a 17/13°C day/night temperature (DT/NT) greenhouse (COOL) or 22/18°C DT/NT greenhouse (WARM) as controls, or in a constant 4.5°C cooler in the dark for 6, 8 10, or 12 weeks. After cooling, plants were transplanted to #1 nursery cans (2.75 liter) using Sunshine mix #2 and were assigned randomly to the COOL or WARM greenhouse. Greenhouse control plants under natural days were transplanted at intervals similar to cooled plants. Days until visible bud and flowering were analyzed using SAS PROC GLM. Plants receiving long day (LD) flowered 7 to 10 weeks (46 to 70 days) after the start of LD forcing. Buds were visible in 30 to 35 days. Plants receiving natural days (ND) did not flower uniformly unless they were cooled for 12 weeks, yet flowering took longer (8 to 12 weeks) when compared with LD. Unfortunately, LD lighting for the entire forcing period caused excess stretching, so plants finished too tall for quality potted plants. Forcing in a COOL greenhouse delayed flowering about a week compared to the WARM greenhouse.
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Trapero-Casas, A., A. Rodríguez-Tello i W. J. Kaiser. "Lupins, a New Host of Phytophthora erythroseptica". Plant Disease 84, nr 4 (kwiecień 2000): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2000.84.4.488b.
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Several lupin (Lupinus) species are native to southern Spain (2). The white lupin, Lupinus albus L., is the most important crop, and its seeds are used for human consumption and animal feed. Accessions of three indigenous species, L. albus, L. angustifolius L., and L. luteus L., and an introduced species from South America, L. mutabilis Sweet, were planted during October in replicated yield trials in acidic soils (pH 6.5) in the Sierra Morena Mountains (elevation 350 m) north of Córdoba. Root and crown rot disease was widespread and very serious on the indigenous lupins, particularly in several patches of white lupin cultivars. Infected plants were devoid of feeder rootlets, and the tap roots, crowns, and lower stems were necrotic and turned dark brown to black. Rotted roots were colonized heavily by fungal oospores. Many affected plants wilted and died before flowering. A Phytophthora sp. was isolated consistently from the necrotic roots and crowns of symptomatic white lupins. The same fungus also was isolated from the necrotic root tissues of the other indigenous lupin species. Isolates of the fungus from diseased white lupins were homothallic and produced oospores rapidly and abundantly on corn meal and V8 agars. Antheridia were amphigynous, and aplerotic oospores ranged from 22 to 32 μm (average 27 μm). Nonpapillate, ovoidobpyriform sporangia were produced only in water on simple sympodial sporangiophores. Cultures on V8 agar grew at 5 to 30°C (optimum ≈25°C). The species was identified as Phytophthora erythroseptica Pethybr. based on morphology of oospores, sporangia, and other cultural characteristics (1). Koch's postulates were fulfilled by planting seeds of white lupin cv. Multulupa in sterile potting soil infested with a blended culture on V8 agar from a white lupin isolate of P. erythroseptica and reisolating the fungus after 28 days from lesions that developed on the roots and crowns of inoculated plants incubated in a greenhouse at 16 to 26°C. The fungus was not isolated from white lupins seeded in potting soil inoculated with sterile V8 agar. In pathogenicity tests, two isolates of P. erythroseptica from white lupins caused severe symptoms on the roots and crowns of inoculated white lupin cv. Multulupa similar to those observed on white lupins naturally infected in field trials. These isolates also caused root and crown rots on inoculated L. luteus and L. angustifolius. The fungus did not infect the roots or crowns of tarwi (L. mutabilis cv. SCG 20), alfalfa (Medicago sativa cv. Moapa), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Contender), chickpea (Cicer arietinum cv. Blanco Lechoso), faba bean (Vicia faba cv. Arboleda), lentil (Lens culinaris cv. local), pea (Pisum sativum cv. Lancet), soybean (Glycine max cv. Akashi), or subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum cv. Seaton-park). The tests were repeated, and the results were similar. This is the first report of P. erythroseptica infecting Lupinus spp. References: (1) D. C. Erwin and O. K. Ribeiro. 1996. Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. (2) B. Valdés et al. 1987. Flora Vascular de Andalucía Occidental. Ketres, Barcelona, Spain.
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Susek, Karolina, Wojciech Bielski, Katarzyna B. Czyż, Robert Hasterok, Scott A. Jackson, Bogdan Wolko i Barbara Naganowska. "Impact of Chromosomal Rearrangements on the Interpretation of Lupin Karyotype Evolution". Genes 10, nr 4 (1.04.2019): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10040259.
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Plant genome evolution can be very complex and challenging to describe, even within a genus. Mechanisms that underlie genome variation are complex and can include whole-genome duplications, gene duplication and/or loss, and, importantly, multiple chromosomal rearrangements. Lupins (Lupinus) diverged from other legumes approximately 60 mya. In contrast to New World lupins, Old World lupins show high variability not only for chromosome numbers (2n = 32–52), but also for the basic chromosome number (x = 5–9, 13) and genome size. The evolutionary basis that underlies the karyotype evolution in lupins remains unknown, as it has so far been impossible to identify individual chromosomes. To shed light on chromosome changes and evolution, we used comparative chromosome mapping among 11 Old World lupins, with Lupinus angustifolius as the reference species. We applied set of L. angustifolius-derived bacterial artificial chromosome clones for fluorescence in situ hybridization. We demonstrate that chromosome variations in the species analyzed might have arisen from multiple changes in chromosome structure and number. We hypothesize about lupin karyotype evolution through polyploidy and subsequent aneuploidy. Additionally, we have established a cytogenomic map of L. angustifolius along with chromosome markers that can be used for related species to further improve comparative studies of crops and wild lupins.
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Jarecki, Wacław, i Dagmara Migut. "Comparison of Yield and Important Seed Quality Traits of Selected Legume Species". Agronomy 12, nr 11 (28.10.2022): 2667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12112667.
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Legumes are of great economic importance. Depending on the species, they are cultivated for food, fodder, green manure, and even as ornamentals. Legume seeds contain many valuable nutrients and also anti-nutritional substances. The aim of the study is to compare important seed quality traits in pea (Pisum sativum L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), white lupin (Lupinus albus L.), narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), and yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.) to soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). It was shown that the obtained parameters were significantly affected by the interaction of species with the years of study. Soybean was characterized by high seed and protein yield and favorable seed chemical composition (protein, fat, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and micronutrients, except manganese). Faba bean yields were high but varied over the years. Faba bean seeds were rich in phosphorus and copper. Pea yielded satisfactorily, and the seeds contained high iron and low fiber contents. Of the three lupin species, white lupin yielded the highest, while narrow-leafed and yellow lupin yields were low. However, yellow lupin seeds had a favorable chemical composition because they were rich in protein, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper, and zinc. In conclusion, legumes are valued worldwide and could be a base for the development of many functional foods to promote human health.
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Yu, P., AR Egan, BJ Leury, JJ McKinnon i DA Christensen. "Nutrient supply to dairy cows from processed white lupines". Archives of Animal Nutrition 58, nr 2 (kwiecień 2004): 117–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00039420410001667494.
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Holodna, A. V., i O. H. Lyubchich. "The optimization of elements of growing technology of narrow-leafed lupine (Lupines Angustifolius L.) in the Northern Forest Steppe". Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice, nr 4 (19.12.2022): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54651/agri.2022.04.06.
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Aim. To assess the impact of the elements of the narrow-leaved lupine growing technology, as well as their combination, in today's weather conditions in order to determine the optimal technology model in the Northern Forest Steppe, which will ensure the stable maximum possible realization of the genetic potential of the varieties, obtaining quality products. Methods. The field (to study the interaction of the object of research with biotic and abiotic factors); the morphophysiological (for biological control of the development of productivity elements according to the stages of organogenesis); the weight (for setting the parameters of the indicators of the elements of the crop structure and determining the grain yield); the statistical (statistical processing of research results). Results. In the article analyzes the results of research conducted on gray forest soil in the conditions of the Northern Forest Steppe. The influence on the growth, vegetative and generative development of plants, the formation of productivity of such agricultural measures as fertilizers, timing, methods of sowing and sowing rates of narrow-leaved lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) Pelikan variety, biological preparations and plant growth stimulants are shown. With a different combination of elements in the growing technology, it is possible to obtain a grain yield of narrow-leaved lupine from 2.15 to 2.82 t/ha. The most favorable conditions for the formation of the maximum grain yield (2.82 t/ha) and the collection of raw protein (1.02 t/ha) were in the version with the application of N68Р48K66, sowing by the wide-row method (width between rows 45 cm), the rate of seed sowing 1.2 million units/ha), treated with a preparation based on a strain of nodule bacteria and a plant growth stimulator. When sowing by the usual row method with a row spacing of 15 cm and a seeding rate of 1.4 million units/ha, the productivity decreased by 4.0–8.2%. Conclusions. To maximize the potential of narrow-leaved lupine varieties, the cultivation technology must take into account the peculiarities of the impact of agrotechnical measures and hydrothermal conditions during the growing season of the crop on the process of crop formation and its quality in order to reduce risks and losses.
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Wilczura, Paulina, Wojciech Święcicki, Katarzyna Kamel i Wiesław Wasiak. "COLORIMETRIC VS. CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSES OF ALKALOIDS IN LUPIN SEEDS". Plant Breeding and Seed Science 78 (20.12.2018): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37317/pbss-2018-0014.
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A characteristic trait of lupins is a production of alkaloids, which are a toxic and bitter taste compound ofseeds. Due to the lack of fast, sensitive and inexpensive screening techniques to identify and reject high alkaloidplant material, development of suitable tools is important challenges for lupins breeding and seed production.The aim of this study was to compare two alkaloid content estimation methods in Lupinus angustifoliusL. and Lupinus albus L.During the Wagner’s colorimetric test, which is recommended by the UPOV, seed halves were stained onfour colors depending on the alkaloid content but only the level of 0.5% – 0.6% showed clear color change.Gas chromatography allowed accurate quantification and qualification of alkaloid content.Since safe alkaloid content for consumption is 0.02% of seed dry weight, colorimetric method is less usefulfor dividing lupin cultivars into sweet and bitter, than gas chromatography but can be used as a screeningtechnique.
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Arnold, GW, J. Weeldenberg i A. Grassia. "Competition between Wimmera ryegrass and narrow-leafed lupins". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, nr 4 (1985): 824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850824.
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The ways in which Wimmera ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) affects the growth and yield of narrow-leafed lupins (Lupinus angustifolius) were studied in two experiments at Baker's Hill, W.A. (average annual rainfall 650 mm). In the first experiment, Uniharvest lupins and Wimmera ryegrass were grown alone and together starting at two dates. The three rates of ryegrass produced similar biomasses (total dry matter) at maturity (about 8000 kg/ha) but lupin grain yield decreased significantly with ryegrass sowing rate. One effect of ryegrass at the highest sowing rate was to alter the distribution of dry matter in the lupin canopy so that, at the end of the growing season, there was a lower percentage of leaf in the lower part of the canopy and this was associated with less light being received. Water stress in lupins at the end of the growing season was higher at the later planting with ryegrass. A multiple regression analysis showed that 74% of the variation in lupin grain yield between plots was due to variation in lupin height and biomass, and ryegrass tiller numbers in October. Lupins had little effect on ryegrass yield; although there were fewer tillers in the presence of lupins, weights of tillers were higher. In the second experiment, the effects of 38 ryegrass plants/m2 on growth of both Uniharvest and Unicrop lupins grown at a density of 40 plants/m2 were studied. Lupin biomass was unaffected until October but was then reduced significantly by the ryegrass, which yielded 4000 kg/ha dry matter. Grain yield was reduced because fewer pods were produced on lateral branches in both varieties, and on main stems in Uniharvest. The experiments showed that in good growing seasons, in high rainfall areas, lupins will yield grain even when grown with very high densities of ryegrass.
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Doležal, Petr, Josef Rotter, Jan Doležal, Václav Pyrochta i Jaroslav Poul. "Effect of the different level of a dry feed additive on the lupin silage quality". Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 53, nr 5 (2005): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200553050021.
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In the experiment, the effect of additive on the fermentation quality of lupine was examined, by comparing with the untreated control. Fresh green Lupine (Lupines lupine), variete Juno, dry matter content 187.15 g/kg at full waxy stage of maturiy were chopped to the legth of cut ca 30–50 mm. The crop was artificially wilted for a periody 24 h and ensiled as described above. Lupine were ensiled for 98 days in laboratory silos, capacity about 4 L alone or with supplementation of feed additive (5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 or 70 kg/tone forage respectively). The composition and as effective substances of this silage ingredient were dry whey (30%), maize meal (40%) and dry molases (30%). The silages fermented rapidly and changes in volatile fatty acids (VFA) production (P<0.01) and in sum of acids were noted. The different supplementation of additive in our experiment conditions increased significantly (P<0.01) the dry matter content, and decreased statistically significantly (P<0.01) the pH value. The higher DM content was in all experimental silages, but the highest DM content (P<0.01) was in silage with addition of 70 kg/t (231.58Ī0.91 g/kg). All treated silages were well fermented with low levels of ammonia and pH. The different addition of this aditive increased significantly (P<0.01) the contents of lactic acid and total content of acids in comparison with control silage. The experimental silage with higher (5%, resp. 7%) feed supplementation was of better quality (significantly higher ratio LA/sum of acids, higher content of lactic acid, lower NH3 content and pH value) than the control silage, or silage with lower concentration. In experiment feed additive–treated silages (by groups of 5 or 50 and 70 kg/t) had significantly higher alcohol content than untreated silage. It was concluded that feed additive used as a silage additive improved fermentation of lupine, reduced acetic acid and ammonia production and increased silage nutritive value.
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Piedra-García, Diego, i Christine Struck. "Lupin Root Weevils (Charagmus spp., Curculionidae: Sitonini), a Lupin Pest: A Review of Their Distribution, Biology, and Challenges in Integrated Pest Management". Insects 12, nr 10 (18.10.2021): 950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12100950.
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Lupins (Lupinus spp.) are an ancient yet important legume crop. In Europe, the protein-rich seeds serve as livestock feed and have the potential to be a healthy vegetarian component of human diets. In some regions in north-eastern Europe, lupins are heavily damaged by two Curculionidae species, the lupin root weevils (LRWs) Charagmus gressorius (syn. Sitona gressorius) and Ch. griseus (syn. S. griseus). Narrow-leaved lupins (L. angustifolius) and white lupins (L. albus) are most affected. The weevils feed on lupin leaves, whereas their larvae feed on root nodules. Therefore, the larvae cause major root damage by creating lacerations that allow soil-borne plant pathogens to enter the plant tissue. These infestations lead to considerable yield losses and markedly reduced N-fixation of the root nodules. This review summarises the current knowledge on the origin, geographical distribution, and biology of these rarely described weevils. It focuses on management strategies, including preconceived insecticide use and potential ecological management methods, as key components of an integrated pest management programme against LRWs in Europe.
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Hamblin, John, Joanne Barton, Milton Sanders i T. J. V. Higgins. "Factors affecting the potential for gene flow from transgenic crops of Lupinus angustifolius L. in Western Australia". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 56, nr 6 (2005): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar04313.
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Australian sweet lupins (Lupinus angustifolius L.) and their naturalised wild progenitor occur widely throughout the agricultural zone of Western Australia. Before unrestricted release of transgenic lupins is allowed, an assessment is needed of the likely level of gene flow between the wild and cultivated lupins. Three sets of data were collected to evaluate the likelihood of outcrossing and gene flow. These were the level of outcrossing between adjacent lupin crops, the spatial distribution of crops and wild lupins, and the relative flowering times of the crops and wild lupins. The level of outcrossing within the first 1.5 m of adjacent crops, assessed over 1.56 million plants, was 1 cross in 3600 plants. No crossing was detected at distances greater than 2.25 m (outcrossing rate less than 1 in 148 000). The distribution of 216 crops and 237 wild populations in Western Australia rarely overlapped. Only 5 wild populations were detected in the area where crops were found. No crops occurred in the areas where the remaining wild lupins (232 populations) were found. The crops were all early flowering, whereas the 3 selected wild populations, representing 3 different (medium, high, and very high rainfall) climatic zones, all flowered later. We conclude that the likelihood of gene flow from a transgenic lupin crop to wild lupin populations is extremely low. This is consistent with the fact that reverse gene flow from wild lupins carrying dominant genes for blue flowers and bitter seeds has never been found in farmers’ fields, despite 35 years of lupin cropping where areas of over 1 000 000 ha per year have been grown in Western Australia.
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Lambers, Hans, Jon C. Clements i Matthew N. Nelson. "How a phosphorus-acquisition strategy based on carboxylate exudation powers the success and agronomic potential of lupines (Lupinus, Fabaceae)". American Journal of Botany 100, nr 2 (luty 2013): 263–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1200474.
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Deckert, J., J. Jeleńska, Z. Zaborowska i A. B. Legocki. "Isolation and classification of a family of cyclin gene homologues in Lupinus luteus." Acta Biochimica Polonica 44, nr 1 (31.03.1997): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.1997_4437.
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The lupine (Lupinus luteus cv. Ventus) cDNA clones encoding homologues of cyclin (CycB1;2, CycB1;3, CycB1;4) have been isolated from cDNA library prepared from roots inoculated with Bradyrhizobium lupini. Comparison of the deduced amino-acid sequences of CycB1;2, CycB1;3, CycB1;4 and previously described CycB1;1 (Deckert et al. 1996, Biochimie 78, 90-94) showed that they share 46-65% of identical amino acids. The presence of conserved residues (Renaudin et. al., in The Plant Cell Cycle, in the press; Renaudin et al., Plant Mol. Biol, in the press) along with phylogenetic analysis of known plant cyclins revealed that the four lupine sequences belong to subgroup 1 of B-like mitotic cyclins.
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Almeida, Mariana, Sofia Garcia-Santos, Ana Nunes, Sara Rito, Jorge Azevedo, Cristina Guedes, Severiano Silva i Luís Ferreira. "Introducing Mediterranean Lupins in Lambs’ Diets: Effects on Growth and Digestibility". Animals 11, nr 4 (26.03.2021): 942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11040942.
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Lupins are suitable candidates to replace soybean meal in livestock feeding in the Mediterranean area, presenting a solution for the European Union’s dependence on soybean importations. This study aimed to assess the effect of incorporating Lupinus albus and Lupinus luteus into Churra da Terra Quente lambs’ diets on growth performance and digestibility. Two trials were conducted over two years. In trial 1, two experimental diets containing 50 g/kg Lupinus albus and 50 g/kg Lupinus luteus were tested. In trial 2, lambs were fed with diets containing higher incorporations of Lupinus luteus (100, 150, and 200 g/kg: LL10, LL15, and LL20, respectively). Total dry matter, hay dry matter, and crude protein intake were calculated, as well as average daily gains. At the end of the growth trials, dry matter, organic matter, and NDF digestibility was determined. Incorporating 50 g/kg of lupins did not affect (p > 0.05) the performance. Lambs fed on LL20 diets presented the lowest HDMI and CPI values (p < 0.05). The highest intakes (p < 0.05) were observed from LL15 lambs. No differences were found in apparent digestibility coefficients between diets (p > 0.05), except for NDF digestibility which was highest (p < 0.05) for LL20. The optimum level of lupin inclusion in lambs’ diets seems to be 150 g/kg.
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Talhinhas, Pedro, S. Sreenivasaprasad, João Neves-Martins i Helena Oliveira. "Genetic and Morphological Characterization of Colletotrichum acutatum Causing Anthracnose of Lupins". Phytopathology® 92, nr 9 (wrzesień 2002): 986–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2002.92.9.986.
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Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum sp., is a serious problem of lupins (Lupinus spp.) worldwide. Morphological characters and molecular markers were used to characterize 43 Colletotrichum isolates from lupins, 8 isolates from other hosts, and 18 reference isolates representing related Colletotrichum spp., to assess the pathogen diversity and resolve its taxonomy. All lupin Colletotrichum isolates tested positive with C. acutatum-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and did not test positive with C. gloeosporioides-specific PCR. Spore shape and colony diameter as well as insensitivity to benomyl grouped the lupin anthracnose isolates closer to C. acutatum than to C. gloeosporioides. Analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of 57 Colletotrichum isolates grouped all lupin isolates with C. acutatum and distinct from C. gloeosporioides. Further, tub2 and his4 sequences revealed groups concordant with ITS, reducing the excessive dependence on the latter. Arbitrarily primed-PCR and amplified fragment length polymorphism analyses revealed intraspecific subgroups, but neither was useful to decipher species level relationships. ITS, tub2, and his4 results strongly support designating lupin anthracnose pathogen as C. acutatum or its subspecies. Most Colletotrichum isolates from lupins from worldwide locations are genetically homogeneous and form a distinct subgroup within C. acutatum. Present results also underline the potential of the C. acutatum-specific PCR for routine pathogen diagnosis.