Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Lungs – Cancer”
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Parida, Sheetal, Sumit Siddharth i Dipali Sharma. "Role of Omentin in Obesity Paradox in Lung Cancer". Cancers 13, nr 2 (13.01.2021): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13020275.
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Lung cancer remains the second-most-common cancer worldwide and is associated with the highest number of cancer-related mortality. While tobacco smoking is the most important risk factor for lung cancer, many other lifestyles and occupational factors significantly contribute. Obesity is a growing global health concern and contributes to ~30% cancer-related mortality, but unlike other lifestyle diseases, lung cancer is negatively associated with obesity. We meta-analyzed multiple case-control studies confirming increased survival and better outcomes in overweight and obese lung cancer patients. Tumor heterogeneity analysis showed significant enrichment of adipocytes and preadipocytes in normal lungs compared to lung cancers. Interestingly, one of the understudied adipokine, omentin, was significantly and consistently lower in lung neoplasms compared to normal lungs. Omentin has been examined in relation to osteoarthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic liver disease, psoriasis and some other cancers. Aberrant expression of omentin has been reported in solid tumors; however, little is known about its role in lung cancer. We found omentin to be consistently downregulated in lung cancers, and it exhibited a negative correlation with important transcription factors FOXA1, EN1, FOXC1 and ELK4. We, therefore, suggest that omentin may serve as a prognostic factor in lung cancer and explain the “obesity paradox” in lung cancer.
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Wang, Jing, Ramon Ocadiz-Ruiz, Matthew Hall, Grace Bushnell, Sophia Orbach, Joseph Decker, Ravi Raghani i in. "Abstract LB347: A lung-mimicking synthetic metastatic niche reveals N1 neutrophils drive breast cancer metastatic dormancy in the lungs". Cancer Research 83, nr 8_Supplement (14.04.2023): LB347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-lb347.
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Abstract 3D scaffolds mimicking the environment in the primary tumor or metastatic organs can deconstruct complex niche signals and facilitate the study of cancer progression and metastasis. Here, we reported that a subcutaneous 3D scaffold implant acted as a lung-mimicking dormant metastatic niche in mouse models of metastatic breast cancer, recruiting lung-tropic circulating tumor cells yet suppressing their growth through potent in situ antitumor immunity. We compared it with the immunosuppressive lungs developing lethal metastases and the dormant lungs suppressing tumor growth derived from breast cancer models with varying tumor aggressiveness and host immunity. Our data suggested that breast cancer-induced Gr1+CD11b+Ly6G+ granulocytic myeloid cells (neutrophils) infiltrated the scaffold implants and lungs, secreting the same signal to facilitate the metastatic seeding of lung-tropic cancer cells in these two types of niches. However, circulating neutrophils with opposing phenotypes and functions (N1 and N2) were selectively recruited and enriched in the dormant scaffolds/lungs and immunosuppressive lungs, respectively, responding to two distinct groups of chemoattractants. N1 or N2 neutrophils established activated or suppressive immune environments in the metastatic niches, directing different fates of cancer cells. The clinical relevance of these scientific findings was validated by the strong positive correlation of a high N1-to-N2 neutrophil chemoattractant ratio with a low-grade primary tumor, a low metastases incidence, and a better prognosis in breast cancer patients. Overall, our study revealed the multifaceted roles of neutrophils in regulating lung metastasis and underscored the importance of N1 neutrophils in driving breast cancer metastatic dormancy in the lungs, inspiring next-generation immunotherapy. Citation Format: Jing Wang, Ramon Ocadiz-Ruiz, Matthew Hall, Grace Bushnell, Sophia Orbach, Joseph Decker, Ravi Raghani, Yining Zhang, Aaron Morris, Jacqueline Jeruss, Lonnie Shea. A lung-mimicking synthetic metastatic niche reveals N1 neutrophils drive breast cancer metastatic dormancy in the lungs [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 2 (Clinical Trials and Late-Breaking Research); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(8_Suppl):Abstract nr LB347.
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Chwa, Sunyoung, Seung Hun Lee i Seung Hyun Lee. "Unusual mesentery metastasis of differentiated thyroid cancer: a case report". Korean Journal of Clinical Oncology 19, nr 2 (31.12.2023): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14216/kjco.23015.
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Distant metastases of well-differentiated thyroid cancers (WDTCs) to bone and lungs are well known, while intra-abdominal, mesenteric metastases are very rare. Herein, we report a case of intra-abdominal, mesenteric metastasis of WDTC. A 62-year-old man underwent thyroid lobectomy for follicular thyroid cancer. One year later, lung metastasis was observed. The patient simultaneously underwent lung wedge resection and complete thyroidectomy. Eleven years later, serum thyroglobulin level was elevated. On the work-up study, a metastatic lesion in the lungs and a mass in the mesentery were identified. Two lesions of the lung and mesentery were surgically resected. The mass in the mesentery was pathologically diagnosed as metastatic WDTC.
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Venkatraman, Pitchaikannu, i C. S. Sureka. "ID: 1082 An in-vitro study to diagnose and distinguish breast and lung cancers using the PCB technology based nanodosimeter". Biomedical Research and Therapy 4, S (5.09.2017): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.15419/bmrat.v4is.356.
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Generally, in the modern field of nanodosimetry, the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) technology based 3D positive ion detector has been identified as a device to detect cancers in lungs and breast region. In the nano environment, these cancer cells have been diagnosed by the exhalation of specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which serves as eminent source biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. Earlier studies reported that lungs emit various VOCs include Benzene, Ethylbenzene, Cyclohexane, methanol, ethanol, dodecane and tridecane, and the breast emit alkanes, alkenes, ketones, halogenated hydrocarbons, aldehydes, alcohols, esters, unsaturated hydrocarbons, terpenes, siloxanes, and aromates. By employing VOCs exhalation, the field of nanodosimetry aids as a direct evidence that the diagnosis of critical organs like lungs and breast cancer cells without harming the patients is possible. In our present out, we carried out in diagnosing and to distinguishing the cancer tissues of breast and lung using PCB technology based nanodosimeter.
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Ram, Dr R. Bhargav. "Lung Cancer Detection using Ensemble Algorithm". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, nr 6 (30.06.2024): 1592–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.63367.
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Abstract: A deadly hereditary illness, lung cancer is caused by an aberrant proliferation of malignant cells in the lungs of an individual. As one of the most important organs in the human body, the lungs might have major consequences from lung cancer. In order to help both patients and physicians, we have concentrated on the rapid diagnosis of lung cancer in our work. Histopathology pictures and other diagnostic methods can also be used to diagnose lung cancer.In existing methodology, it is identified that the methods are time taking process and less Accuracy. The proposed work contains a hybridized model of Convolution neural networks and an ensemble of Machine Learning algorithms: Support Vector Classifier, Random Forest, and Ada Boost that detect the lung cancer using histopathology images.
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Shobha Rani N, Rakshitha B S i Rohith V. "Patch analysis based lung cancer classification". International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, nr 3 (19.07.2019): 2163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v10i3.1443.
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Lung Cancer may be a variety of Cancer that begins in the Lungs because of those that smokes often. However, there Area unit rare probabilities those area unit non-smokers get Affected because of unhealthy pollution and Harmful gasses. The detection of tumor is incredibly vital that helps to detect affected neoplasm areas in the lungs. Computed tomography help us to understand the cancer positions in patients. The detection of cancer tumours are performed by scanning the images of computed tomography. Lung cancer identification system goes with a method of Morphological opening and Gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) feature extraction and Normalized cross-correlation with patches Analysis. Lung cancer classification using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) gives good results of Accuracy of 81.81%. Patch Analysis is a new method to find lung cancer.
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Guardascione, Giuseppe, Luigi Portella, Dario Guido Di Febbraro, Giulia Bertolini, Giuseppina Rea, Caterina Ieranò, Crescenzo D'Alterio i in. "Abstract 6815: CXCL12-loaded-hydrogel (CLG) in vivo modifies lung metastatic niche toward an immunoactive microenvironment reducing lung metastasis development". Cancer Research 84, nr 6_Supplement (22.03.2024): 6815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-6815.
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Abstract PURPOSE and INTRODUCTION: In vivo a dermal filler hyaluronic gel-based loaded with CXCL12 (CLG) was able to divert B16-hCXCR4 cells from lung metastases. Herein, CLG was assessed for the capability to isolate human circulating cancer cells (CTCs). Moreover, in vivo CLGs and lungs were characterized to dissect natural (lung) and artificial (gel) microenvironment composition. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: “TRAP4MET” clinical trial was conducted in 48 advanced cancer patients characterized at diagnosis for CLG-dependent CTCs-isolation as compared to ScreenCell™ filters. C57/B6 mice were s.c. injected with Empty Gel (EG) or CLG and five days later i.v. injected with GFP-LLC (Lewis lung) cells. Lungs and gels were collected at time 0 (before tumour cells injection), after 4 hours and 10 days post tumour cells inoculation. Lungs and gels were analysed through flow-cytometry for GFP-LLC cells, innate and adaptive immunity. RESULTS: In TRAP4MET clinical trial CLG-CTCs were isolated in 8/8 patients with ovarian (OC), 6/8 with lung (LC), 6/8 with colorectal (CRC), 8/8 with endometrial (EC), 8/8 with renal (RCC) cancer and 5/8 with glioblastoma (GBM). In OC, LC and GBM, CLG isolated more CTCs than the conventional ScreenCell™ (CLG/SC ratio=1.88 for OC, 2.47 for LC and 11.89 for GBM). To dissect the in vivo efficacy of CLG, GFP-LLC were i.v. injected in C57/B6 mice five days later the s.c CLG or EG injection. Five days after CLG/EG gels and lungs were recovered. In CLG a lower % of total Macrophages (MΦ), inactive/precursor Tregs and higher % of M2-MΦ was observed compared to EG while no major differences were revealed in lungs from CLG/EG/CTRL groups. 4 hours post injection revealed in CLG a lower % of MΦ, lower inactive/precursor Tregs and a higher % of M2- MΦ and CXCR4+ MΦ versus EG. In correspondent CLG-lungs, lower % of mature neutrophils and inactive/progenitor Tregs as compared to EG-lung and CTRL-lung, respectively. 10 days post cells inoculation, CLG gels revealed again low total MΦ, low inactive/precursor Tregs and high M2-MΦ, CXCR4+ MΦ as to EG. The corresponding CLG-lungs displayed higher non-aged neutrophils and and NK cells, lower CXCR4+ MΦ, lower total neutrophils, lower aged (CXCR4+) neutrophils and lower inactive Tregs as compared to EG and CTRL, respectively. Consistently, GFP-LLC cells were higher in CLG compared to EG at either 4 hours and 10 days post cell injection while reduced in lungs of CLG-mice compared to EG- and CTRL-lungs mice at 4 hours and 10 days post cell inoculation, respectively. CONCLUSION: CLG may support OC, LC and GBM- CTC counting in cancers at today orphan of CTCs reliable methods. In vivo, CLG attracted GFL-LLC cells while reducing lung GFP-LLC cells as early as after 4 hours post cell inoculation. CLG/EG and correspondent lung analysis revealed an immunosuppressive microenvironment within CLG compared to EG reduced in the corresponding lungs. Citation Format: Giuseppe Guardascione, Luigi Portella, Dario Guido Di Febbraro, Giulia Bertolini, Giuseppina Rea, Caterina Ieranò, Crescenzo D'Alterio, Maria Napolitano, Sara Santagata, Anna Maria Trotta, Emilia Scarpa, Sabrina Chiara Cecere, Alessandro Ottaiano, Giuliano Palumbo, Alessandro Morabito, Teresa Somma, Roberto Pacelli, Sandro Pignata, Stefania Scala. CXCL12-loaded-hydrogel (CLG) in vivo modifies lung metastatic niche toward an immunoactive microenvironment reducing lung metastasis development [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 6815.
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Gou, Yuxiao, Zihan Wang, Yuhan Wei, Shengjun Sun, Meng Dong, Yongqi Kang, Jiansen Chang i Wenjie Chen. "Treatment of non-small cell lung cancer based on the theory of lungs as the blood organ". Journal of Clinical Technology and Theory 1, nr 1 (29.04.2024): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/3049-5458/1/2024003.
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Lung cancer has become one of the most common types of cancer, with high incidence and mortality rates persistently high. Among them, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is particularly common, accounting for up to 85% of lung cancer cases. NSCLC seriously endangers the health of people in China and around the world, and its specific causes are related to various factors such as smoking, radiation exposure, air pollution, and genetic factors. In traditional Chinese medicine, NSCLC belongs to the category of lung consolidation. Professor Zhang Wei believes that the lungs not only govern the qi of the body, but also play an important role in the generation and circulation of blood throughout the body, and has extensively expounded the viewpoint of lungs as the blood organ. This viewpoint is reflected in various functions of the lungs, such as the lungs controlling the hundred vessels, governing the storage of fluids, and controlling the skin and hair. The propulsion of lung qi also provides impetus for the normal circulation of blood. As the lungs serve as the blood organ and are prone to stasis, they are susceptible to the occurrence of lung consolidation. Therefore, the occurrence of NSCLC may be related to blood stasis in the lungs. Blood stasis is not only the pathological product of lung consolidation, but also the main cause of lung consolidation. It can be inferred that in the treatment of NSCLC, methods such as promoting blood circulation, dredging collaterals, and resolving phlegm and stasis should be adopted.
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Donkor, Michael A., Jamie Choe, Byron Quinn i Harlan P. Jones. "Abstract A53: Intranasal nanoparticulate PLGA cancer vaccine administration prevents secondary lung metastasis". Cancer Immunology Research 10, nr 12_Supplement (1.12.2022): A53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/2326-6074.tumimm22-a53.
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Abstract The lung is one of the most frequent sites of cancer metastasis. Because metastatic lung disease is usually associated with poor survivorship, decreasing secondary lung metastasis will decrease morbidity and mortality associated with cancer. Mitigating tumor immunosurveillance at metastatic sites such as the lung is essential for tumor progression and metastasis. As such, tumors developing elsewhere in the body take advantage of the natural tolerogenicity of the lung to establish immunosuppressive niches via tumor burden induce pre-metastatic niche formation to support lung metastasis. Here we tested the ability of an intranasal nano-vaccine administration to prevent the seeding of tumor cells in the lungs by pre-emptying tumor burden induced immunosuppression. Our hypothesis is that intranasal administration of cancer nano-vaccine will prevent secondary lung metastasis from an existing primary tumor. Because breast cancer is the one of the primary tumors with high propensity to metastasize to the lung, we used the syngeneic mouse breast tumor model to test our hypothesis. Our results showed that intranasal administration of our engineered nano-vaccine protected the lungs of female BALB/c mice from secondary lung metastasis after orthotopic implantation of murine 4T1 tumors. The protection was as a result of nano-vaccine induced antitumor immunity in the lungs. Mice that received the intranasal nano-vaccine had increased frequency of effector T-cells and increase accumulation of lung resident memory T-cell in their lungs. This coincided with increased frequency of IFN-g and granzyme B producing CD8+ T-cells following ex-vivo restimulation of lymphocytes from the lungs of previously immunized mice with tumor cell. These results demonstrate that cancer vaccines can still be part of an integrated cancer therapy where they can be used as a prophylactic approach to prevent secondary lung metastasis. Citation Format: Michael A Donkor, Jamie Choe, Byron Quinn, Harlan P Jones. Intranasal nanoparticulate PLGA cancer vaccine administration prevents secondary lung metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2022 Oct 21-24; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2022;10(12 Suppl):Abstract nr A53.
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Javed, Muhammad Ashar, Hannan Bin Liaqat, Talha Meraj, Aziz Alotaibi i Majid Alshammari. "Identification and Classification of Lungs Focal Opacity Using CNN Segmentation and Optimal Feature Selection". Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2023 (26.07.2023): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6357252.
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Lung cancer is one of the deadliest cancers around the world, with high mortality rate in comparison to other cancers. A lung cancer patient’s survival probability in late stages is very low. However, if it can be detected early, the patient survival rate can be improved. Diagnosing lung cancer early is a complicated task due to having the visual similarity of lungs nodules with trachea, vessels, and other surrounding tissues that leads toward misclassification of lung nodules. Therefore, correct identification and classification of nodules is required. Previous studies have used noisy features, which makes results comprising. A predictive model has been proposed to accurately detect and classify the lung nodules to address this problem. In the proposed framework, at first, the semantic segmentation was performed to identify the nodules in images in the Lungs image database consortium (LIDC) dataset. Optimal features for classification include histogram oriented gradients (HOGs), local binary patterns (LBPs), and geometric features are extracted after segmentation of nodules. The results shown that support vector machines performed better in identifying the nodules than other classifiers, achieving the highest accuracy of 97.8% with sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 93%, and false positive rate of 6.7%.
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Bodogai, Monica, Purevdorj Olkhanud, Yrina Rochman, Enkhzol Malchinkhuu, Katarzyna Wejksza, Ronald Gress, Charles Hesdorffer, Warren Leonard i Arya Biragyn. "Thymic stromal lymphopoietin mediates breast cancer progression and metastasis (48.9)". Journal of Immunology 186, nr 1_Supplement (1.04.2011): 48.9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.48.9.
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Abstract Breast cancer escape and metastasis is an active process that requires inflammation and participation of immune cells. We have previously reported that this is a primary tumor-controlled process which activates lungs to produce CCL17 and CCL22 to facilitate lung metastasis together with the recruitment of CCR4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). To understand the mechanism of this process, we performed expression array analysis in both metastatic and non-metastatic cancer cells and found that metastatic cells produced thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), an IL-7-like type 1 inflammatory cytokine that is often associated with the induction of Th2-type allergic responses in the lungs. Moreover, TSLP was also abundantly expressed in variety of human solid tumors, including breast, lung, colon and ovarian cancers. To gain further insights into the role of TSLP in cancer progression, we have blocked TSLP expression in cancer cells and found that TSLP is required for efficient breast cancer escape and metastasis. Moreover, utilizing adoptive transfer studies in TSLPR deficient mice, we demonstrated that by targeting CD4+ T cells to induce Th2-type inflammatory responses, cancer-produced TSLP promoted cancer escape. Taken together, our data indicate that TSLP is an important factor that needs to be controlled to effectively combat with cancer escape.
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Saleem, Muntaha, Muhammad Sohaib Akram i Seher Ansar Khawaja. "Computational Identification of Lungs Cancer Causing Genes by Machine Learning (Ml) Classifiers". VFAST Transactions on Software Engineering 9, nr 1 (30.03.2021): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21015/vtse.v9i1.751.
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Molarity rate is increasing day by day at all over the world among both genders due to the increasing rate of lung cancer. It is a dangerous disease and usually it starts when unrestrained growth of abnormal cells start growing in lungs. The early detection of this disease has been a major challenge in the past hence, to overcome this issue many detection techniques have introduced over the time. In last decade, many Machine Learning classifiers have developed and adopted for the detection of lungs cancer. In this study, we have utilized six ML classifier such as ‘Support Vector Machine ‘(SVM) ‘K-Nearest Neighbor’ (KNN), Adaboost, ‘Conventional Neural Network’ (CNN), Xgboost and Naïve Bayes for the detection of lungs cancer causing genes. We have collected dataset from publicly available intoGene browser. This dataset consists of 2193 genes in which both tumor and non-tumor genes are included. To find, which classifier provide high accuracy of lungs cancer detection as well as lungs cancer causing genes, this study have used the above-mentioned ML classifiers and found that CNN proved to be the best classifier with 86 percent accuracy among all classifiers.
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Tarafdar, Tirtha. "Semantics of Lungs Cancer - Then, Now, Tomorrow". American Journal of Applied Bio-Technology Research 2, nr 1 (1.01.2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15864/ajabtr.211.
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Cancer is a major problem in today’s world. Lung cancer is the most common type of cancer in the world (12.3% of all cancer types), with an estimated 1.2 million new cases in the year of 2000, recorded alone (D.M , 2001). Tobacco smokers are at a 20 to 30 fold higher risk of developing Lung cancers. In 2000, it was found that lung cancer resulted in 1.1 million deaths worldwide, or 17.8% of all cancer deaths. However, only 11% of heavy cigarette smokers ultimately developed lung cancer, suggesting the prevalence, involvement of genetic factors (SM & MR, 2001). A brief review of molecular aberrations, chromosomal changes, mutations, signalling patterns shall be briefly encountered in this review article. In this present article, major histologic types of lung cancer-squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma, alongwith more specific subtypes such as lepidic predominant subtype of adenocarcinoma or the basaloid variant of large cell carcinoma shall be briefly encountered upon. The present Global statistics shall also be briefly portrayed herein.
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Hosoya, Tadashi, Fumi Sato-Kaneko, Alast Ahmadi, Shiyin Yao, Fitzgerald Lao, Kazutaka Kitaura, Takaji Matsutani, Dennis A. Carson i Tomoko Hayashi. "Induction of oligoclonal CD8 T cell responses against pulmonary metastatic cancer by a phospholipid-conjugated TLR7 agonist". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, nr 29 (2.07.2018): E6836—E6844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1803281115.
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Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy have improved patient survival. However, only a minority of patients with pulmonary metastatic disease respond to treatment with checkpoint inhibitors. As an alternate approach, we have tested the ability of systemically administered 1V270, a toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist conjugated to a phospholipid, to inhibit lung metastases in two variant murine 4T1 breast cancer models, as well as in B16 melanoma, and Lewis lung carcinoma models. In the 4T1 breast cancer models, 1V270 therapy inhibited lung metastases if given up to a week after primary tumor initiation. The treatment protocol was facilitated by the minimal toxic effects exerted by the phospholipid TLR7 agonist compared with the unconjugated agonist. 1V270 exhibited a wide therapeutic window and minimal off-target receptor binding. The 1V270 therapy inhibited colonization by tumor cells in the lungs in an NK cell dependent manner. Additional experiments revealed that single administration of 1V270 led to tumor-specific CD8+ cell-dependent adaptive immune responses that suppressed late-stage metastatic tumor growth in the lungs. T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire analyses showed that 1V270 therapy induced oligoclonal T cells in the lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes. Different animals displayed commonly shared TCR clones following 1V270 therapy. Intranasal administration of 1V270 also suppressed lung metastasis and induced tumor-specific adaptive immune responses. These results indicate that systemic 1V270 therapy can induce tumor-specific cytotoxic T cell responses to pulmonary metastatic cancers and that TCR repertoire analyses can be used to monitor, and to predict, the response to therapy.
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Bogdanowicz, Les, Onur Fidaner, Donato Ceres, Alexander Grycuk, Martina Guidetti i David Demos. "The Cole Relaxation Frequency as a Parameter to Identify Cancer in Lung Tissue: Preliminary Animal and Ex Vivo Patient Studies". JMIR Biomedical Engineering 7, nr 1 (21.02.2022): e35346. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/35346.
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Background Lung cancer is the world’s leading cause of cancer deaths, and diagnosis remains challenging. Lung cancer starts as small nodules; early and accurate diagnosis allows timely surgical resection of malignant nodules while avoiding unnecessary surgery in patients with benign nodules. Objective The Cole relaxation frequency (CRF) is a derived electrical bioimpedance signature, which may be utilized to distinguish cancerous tissues from normal tissues. Methods Human testing ex vivo was conducted with NoduleScan in freshly resected lung tissue from 30 volunteer patients undergoing resection for nonsmall cell lung cancer. The CRF of the tumor and the distant normal lung tissue relative to the tumor were compared to histopathology specimens to establish a potential algorithm for point-of-care diagnosis. For animal testing in vivo, 20 mice were implanted with xenograft human lung cancer tumor cells injected subcutaneously into the right flank of each mouse. Spectral impedance measurements were taken on the tumors on live animals transcutaneously and on the tumors after euthanasia. These CRF measurements were compared to healthy mouse lung tissue. For porcine lung testing ex vivo, porcine lungs were received with the trachea. After removal of the vocal box, a ventilator was attached to pressurize the lung and simulate breathing. At different locations of the lobes, the lung's surface was cut to produce a pocket that could accommodate tumors obtained from in vivo animal testing. The tumors were placed in the subsurface of the lung, and the electrode was placed on top of the lung surface directly over the tumor but with lung tissue between the tumor and the electrode. Spectral impedance measurements were taken when the lungs were in the deflated state, inflated state, and also during the inflation-deflation process to simulate breathing. Results Among 60 specimens evaluated in 30 patients, NoduleScan allowed ready discrimination in patients with clear separation of CRF in tumor and distant normal tissue with a high degree of sensitivity (97%) and specificity (87%). In the 25 xenograft small animal model specimens measured, the CRF aligns with the separation observed in the human in vivo measurements. The CRF was successfully measured of tumors implanted into ex vivo porcine lungs, and CRF measurements aligned with previous tests for pressurized and unpressurized lungs. Conclusions As previously shown in breast tissue, CRF in the range of 1kHz-10MHz was able to distinguish nonsmall cell lung cancer versus normal tissue. Further, as evidenced by in vivo small animal studies, perfused tumors have the same CRF signature as shown in breast tissue and human ex vivo testing. Inflation and deflation of the lung have no effect on the CRF signature. With additional development, CRF derived from spectral impedance measurements may permit point-of-care diagnosis guiding surgical resection.
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Dritsas, Elias, i Maria Trigka. "Lung Cancer Risk Prediction with Machine Learning Models". Big Data and Cognitive Computing 6, nr 4 (15.11.2022): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdcc6040139.
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The lungs are the center of breath control and ensure that every cell in the body receives oxygen. At the same time, they filter the air to prevent the entry of useless substances and germs into the body. The human body has specially designed defence mechanisms that protect the lungs. However, they are not enough to completely eliminate the risk of various diseases that affect the lungs. Infections, inflammation or even more serious complications, such as the growth of a cancerous tumor, can affect the lungs. In this work, we used machine learning (ML) methods to build efficient models for identifying high-risk individuals for incurring lung cancer and, thus, making earlier interventions to avoid long-term complications. The suggestion of this article is the Rotation Forest that achieves high performance and is evaluated by well-known metrics, such as precision, recall, F-Measure, accuracy and area under the curve (AUC). More specifically, the evaluation of the experiments showed that the proposed model prevailed with an AUC of 99.3%, F-Measure, precision, recall and accuracy of 97.1%.
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Gyllenbäck, Elin Jaensson, Camilla Rydberg Millrud, Petter Skoog, Caitríona Grönberg i David Liberg. "Abstract 6429: A surrogate to the anti-IL1RAP antibody nadunolimab induces tumor microenvironment changes to the metastatic lung and reduces metastatic lesions in mouse models of metastatic cancer". Cancer Research 83, nr 7_Supplement (4.04.2023): 6429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-6429.
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Abstract Interleukin-1 Receptor Accessory Protein (IL1RAP) is a coreceptor for the IL-1 receptor (IL1R1) and is required for IL-1α and IL-1β signaling. IL1RAP is expressed in the tumor microenvironment (TME); on cancer cells, stromal cells and on infiltrating immune cells in several types of cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), pancreatic cancer (PDAC), triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and in metastatic lesions. Nadunolimab (CAN04) is a fully humanized ADCC-enhanced IgG1 antibody targeting IL1RAP and blocking both IL-1α and IL-1β signaling, currently evaluated in combination with chemotherapy in phase I/II clinical trials in NSCLC and PDAC (NCT03267316) and in TNBC (NCT05181462). Interim efficacy data are available for PDAC and NSCLC and are stronger than expected from chemotherapy alone based on historical controls; in a total of 73 PDAC patients, median iPFS is 7.2 months and median OS 12.7 months, while in a total of 30 NSCLC patients, a response rate of 53% is achieved, resulting in median PFS of 6.8 months. Microenvironmental IL1RAP-dependent IL-1 signaling contributes to tumorigenesis, tumor invasiveness and an immune-suppressive TME, partly driven by infiltration and induction of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). We have thus used the MDSC-rich 4T1 murine mammary tumor TNBC model to study metastatic lesions and TME modulation in 4T1 metastatic lungs upon treatment with a mouse surrogate antibody to nadunolimab. Infiltration of gMDSC/Ly6G+ cells was very prominent in metastatic lungs from mice with orthotopically implanted 4T1 breast cancer cells compared to lungs from naive mice. Interestingly, infiltrating Ly6G+ cells from metastatic lungs had a distinctly upregulated IL1RAP expression compared to Ly6G+ cells from naïve lungs. Treatment with the nadunolimab surrogate antibody significantly reduced the number of lung metastases and induced prominent changes in the lung microenvironment where nanostring analysis showed global changes in adhesion and migration-related genes, as well as genes associated with cell activation. The effect on metastasis was not confined to the 4T1 model since a reduction of metastatic tumor cells after treatment with the mouse surrogate antibody was also observed in the murine B16-F10-luc i.v. model. Together these data indicate that targeting IL1RAP is an effective way to modulate the TME and counteract the suppressive environment in metastatic tissue, and ultimately may reduce the potential for metastatic tumors in cancer patients. Citation Format: Elin Jaensson Gyllenbäck, Camilla Rydberg Millrud, Petter Skoog, Caitríona Grönberg, David Liberg. A surrogate to the anti-IL1RAP antibody nadunolimab induces tumor microenvironment changes to the metastatic lung and reduces metastatic lesions in mouse models of metastatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 6429.
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Taylor, Jacob, Adam B. Weiner, Binhuan Wang, Arjun V. Balar, Gary D. Steinberg i Richard S. Matulewicz. "Lung Metastases Versus Second Primary Lung Cancers in Patients with Primary Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: A National Population-Based Assessment". Bladder Cancer 7, nr 3 (31.08.2021): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/blc-210008.
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BACKGROUND: The work-up and diagnosis of indeterminate lung nodules at time of bladder cancer diagnosis may delay or change treatment. OBJECTIVE: To quantify the incidence of synchronous and metachronous lung cancers in adults with bladder cancer and compare these rates to the incidence of bladder cancer metastases in the lung. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed all adults diagnosed with bladder cancer in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registry (2010– 2015) and identified second primary lung cancers defined as being either synchronous (diagnosed within 6 months of bladder cancer diagnosis) or metachronous (more than 6 months following index bladder cancer diagnosis). The risk of second primary lung cancers were reported as a standardized incidence ratio (SIR) reflecting observed and expected case ratios. RESULTS: A total of 88,335 patients diagnosed with bladder cancer were included. Among adults with NMIBC (n = 66,071) and MIBC (n = 18,879), 0.3% and 3.9% had bladder cancer metastatic to the lungs at diagnosis. Synchronous second primary lung cancers were diagnosed in 0.4% and 0.7% of patients with NMIBC and MIBC, respectively. Compared to the general population, the SIR for synchronous lung cancers among adults with NMIBC was 2.5 (95% CI 2.3– 2.9) and was 4.7 (95% CI 4.0– 5.6) for adults with MIBC. CONCLUSIONS: Bladder cancer metastatic to the lung is more common in adults with MIBC compared to NMIBC. There are similar frequencies of synchronous second primary lung cancers regardless of initial bladder cancer stage.
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Zata Dini, Suryanti Pratiwi, Ungky Setyawan, Aries Budianto, Hendy Yudhanto i Dini Erawati. "Severe Abdominal Pain Due To Gastrointestinal Obstruction in Patient With Lung Adenosquamous Metastases in Colon". Malang Respiratory Journal 5, nr 1 (25.03.2023): 304–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.mrj.2023.005.01.5.
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Background: Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death globally. Moreover, metastatic cancer from the lungs frequently occurs and is commonly identified at the first diagnosis. The primary cancer must be identified in order to establish the most effective treatment. However, colonic metastases are rare with incidence of 0,1%.
Aim: This report describes an unusual case of colonic metastases from lung adenocarcinoma.
Methods: Patient (58-year-old male) was examined with Fiber Optic Bronchoscopy and core biopsy in the lungs, and the results were suspicious for squamous cells. The patient had severe abdominal pain and bloating for 1 week and had signs of gastrointestinal obstruction in his second visit. The result of urgent laparotomy was adenosquamous and the result of immunohistochemical examination was negative P40 and positive Napsin A in both lungs and colon.
Results: The lung biopsy result indicated squamous cell and the ceccum showed adenosquamous. The immunohistochemical examination using P40 and Napsin A of both lung and ceccum specimens indicated that the lung was the primary source of metastases to the colon.
Conclusion: The patient suffered from a squamous cell lung tumor and reported severe abdominal pain due to metastases to the colon with adenosquamous results.
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Williams, Abbey E., i Lisa M. Arendt. "Abstract 4142: Obesity contributes to CD8+ T cell dysfunction before and after lung metastasis in a mouse model of ER+ breast cancer". Cancer Research 84, nr 6_Supplement (22.03.2024): 4142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-4142.
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Abstract Obesity is known to worsen the overall prognosis of breast cancer patients. Breast cancer patients with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥30 kg/m2 have an increased risk for metastatic disease compared to patients with a BMI in the normal range. Although immune cells like neutrophils and myeloid derived suppressor cells have been studied in breast cancer metastasis of the lung, little is known how T cell populations change before and after metastasis. To investigate these gaps, we fed 3-week-old female FVB/N mice either a low-fat diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks to induce obesity. One group was set as a tumor-naïve control and the other was injected estrogen receptor positive (ER+) TC2 cells into the mammary fat pad. Tumors grew to 0.5 cm in diameter then were surgically removed. Lung tissue was collected 8 weeks after tumor removal to examine progression of metastatic disease, and T cell populations were quantified in tumor-naïve and metastatic lung tissue from obese and lean mice using flow cytometry. Lungs from naïve obese mice showed a significant increase of total CD45+ immune cells. CD8+ T cells from naive obese mice expressed higher levels of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD1), a marker of T cell dysfunction or T cell activation. Metastatic lungs also showed increases in CD45+ immune cells and PD-1+ expression on CD3+ cells and CD8+ cells. Overall, metastatic lungs showed higher levels of PD-1 expression than naïve lungs on more cell types, evidence of more immune dysfunction or activation. To further investigate how obesity alters the function of T cells, CD45+ cells were sorted from lungs from lean and obese mice with and without metastasis, and gene expression was examined using the NanoString nCounter Immune Exhaustion panel. Immune cells from the lungs of obese non-tumor-bearing mice showed increased expression of markers for increased TCR signaling. This may indicate more T cell activation which leads to exhaustion in obese naïve mice. In metastatic lungs from obese mice, immune cells showed impaired interferon and tumor necrosis factor signaling. In addition, immune cells from metastatic lungs of obese mice also had upregulated expression of genes associated with senescence which may indicate a combination of both exhaustion and senescent phenotypes are present. This was not seen in immune cells from naïve samples, indicating that obesity leads to more chronic T cell dysfunction in metastatic lungs. Overall, even without pathogenic interference, obesity contributes to more T cell signaling and impaired CD8+ T cell activation that leads to higher T cell dysfunction once metastasis is present. Citation Format: Abbey E. Williams, Lisa M. Arendt. Obesity contributes to CD8+ T cell dysfunction before and after lung metastasis in a mouse model of ER+ breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 4142.
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Stella, Giulia M., Stefan Kolling, Silvia Benvenuti i Chandra Bortolotto. "Lung-Seeking Metastases". Cancers 11, nr 7 (19.07.2019): 1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11071010.
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Metastases from different cancer types most often affect the lung parenchyma. Moreover, the lungs are among the most frequent sites of growth of metastatic masses of uncertain/unknown lineage of origin. Thus, with regards to pulmonary neoplastic parenchymal nodules, the critical issue is to determine if they are IN the lung or OF the lung. In this review, we highlight the clinical, instrumental and molecular features which characterize lung metastases, mainly focusing on recently advancing and emerging concepts regarding the metastatic niche, inflammation, angiogenesis, immune modulation and gene expression. A novel issue is related to the analysis of biomechanical forces which cooperate in the expansion of tumor masses in the lungs. We here aim to analyze the biological, genetic and pathological features of metastatic lesions to the lungs, here referred to as site of metastatic growth. This point should be a crucial part of the algorithm for a proper diagnostic and therapeutic approach in the era of personalized medicine.
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Wright, Casey M., Rayleen V. Bowman, Maxine E. Tan, Maria U. Martins, Rebecca E. McLachlan, Linda H. Passmore, Morgan N. Windsor i in. "Lung Asbestos Content in Lungs Resected for Primary Lung Cancer". Journal of Thoracic Oncology 3, nr 6 (czerwiec 2008): 569–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jto.0b013e318174e046.
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Khan, Sami U., Ying Xia, David Goodale, Gabriella Schoettle i Alison L. Allan. "Lung-Derived Selectins Enhance Metastatic Behavior of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells". Biomedicines 9, nr 11 (30.10.2021): 1580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9111580.
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The lung is one of the deadliest sites of breast cancer metastasis, particularly for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). We have previously shown that the lung produces several soluble factors that may enhance the metastatic behavior of TNBC, including E-, L-, and P-selectin. In this paper, we hypothesize that lung-derived selectins promote TNBC metastatic behavior and may serve as a potential therapeutic target. Lungs were isolated from mice and used to generate lung-conditioned media (CM). Lung-derived selectins were immunodepleted and TNBC migration and proliferation were assessed in response to native or selectin-depleted lung-CM. A 3D ex vivo pulmonary metastasis assay (PuMA) was used to assess the metastatic progression of TNBC in the lungs of wild-type versus triple-selectin (ELP-/-) knockout mice. We observed that individual lung-derived selectins enhance in vitro migration (p ≤ 0.05), but not the proliferation of TNBC cells, and that ex vivo metastatic progression is reduced in the lungs of ELP-/- mice compared to wild-type mice (p ≤ 0.05). Treatment with the pan-selectin inhibitor bimosiamose reduced in vitro lung-specific TNBC migration and proliferation (p ≤ 0.05). Taken together, these results suggest that lung-derived selectins may present a potential therapeutic target against TNBC metastasis. Future studies are aimed at elucidating the pro-metastatic mechanisms of lung-derived selectins and developing a lung-directed therapeutic approach.
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Zh, V. "Cases of primary lung cancer M. Bonner (The Journ. Of the Amer. Medic. Associât. 1930, V. 94, - No. J4)". Kazan medical journal 32, nr 1 (20.09.2021): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj80394.
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M. Bonner (The Journ. Of the Amer. Medic. Associt. 1930, V. 94, - No. J4) reports 6 pages. primary lung cancer verified by autopsy. One. of the causes of lung cancer is chronic irritation with dust, auto. Strong gas, tobacco; chronic diseases of the lungs and bronchi, such as bronchitis, influenza, tbc, also predispose to the development of lung cancer.
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Williams, Abbey E., i Lisa M. Arendt. "Abstract 1316: Immune cell dysfunction is enhanced in a mouse model of obesity-associated breast cancer lung metastasis". Cancer Research 83, nr 7_Supplement (4.04.2023): 1316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-1316.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract Obesity is known to worsen the overall prognosis of breast cancer patients. Breast cancer patients with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥30 kg/m2 have an increased risk for metastatic disease compared to patients with a BMI in the normal range. Further studies are necessary to understand the mechanisms driving increased breast cancer metastasis in obese patients, particularly to the lung. Although immune cells like neutrophils and myeloid derived suppressor cells have been studied in breast cancer metastasis of the lung, little is known how adaptive immune cells function in metastatic niche of the lung in obesity. To investigate these gaps, we fed 3-week-old female FVB/N mice either a low-fat diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks to induce obesity. We then injected estrogen receptor positive (ER+) TC2 cells into the mammary fat pad. Tumors grew to 0.5 cm in diameter then were surgically removed. Lung tissue was collected 8 weeks after tumor removal to examine progression of metastatic disease, and T cell populations were quantified in metastatic lung tissue from obese and lean mice using flow cytometry. Lungs from obese mice showed a significant increase of total immune cells (CD45) and a decrease in total T cells and natural killer cells (NK) compared with controls. CD3+ cells and CD8+ T cells from obese mice expressed higher levels of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD1), a marker of T cell dysfunction. These results suggest that T cells from the lungs of obese mice may have a greater level of T cell dysfunction than controls. To further investigate how obesity alters the function of T cells, CD45+ cells were sorted from lungs from lean and obese mice with and without metastasis, and gene expression was examined using the Nanostring nCounter Immune Exhaustion panel. Immune cells from the lungs of obese non-tumor-bearing mice showed increased expression of NK exhaustion markers and increased TCR signaling. In metastatic lungs from obese mice, immune cells also showed impaired interferon and tumor necrosis factor signaling and an increase in genes associated with exhaustion in NK cells. Further analysis showed upregulated expression of genes associated with senescence in immune cells from metastatic lungs of obese mice. These data suggest that obesity may increase dysfunctional states of T cells and NK cells, leading to enhanced metastatic growth of breast cancer cells. Citation Format: Abbey E. Williams, Lisa M. Arendt. Immune cell dysfunction is enhanced in a mouse model of obesity-associated breast cancer lung metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 1316.
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Salyaev, R. K., i N. I. Rekoslavskaya. "The effect of “early” proteins E2, E6 and E7 of papillomavirus of high-risk cancerogenous type HPV16 on cancer HeLa cells, inducing tumour growths in mice lungs". Acta Biomedica Scientifica 7, nr 3 (5.07.2022): 260–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.29413/abs.2022-7.3.26.
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The goal of investigation was the development of oral therapeutic vaccine against cancer on basis of antigenic regulatory protein HPV16 E2 encoded by the “early” hpv16 E2 gene.The aim. To study tumour growths in mice lungs inoculated with cancer HeLa cells and then vaccinated with vaccine material of transgenic tomato with the gene/protein HPV16 E2, and to study the activation of the immunogenesis of T-lymphocytes in mice after oral vaccination with HPV16 E2.Materials and methods. Proliferating cancer HeLa cells, mice peripheric blood mononuclear cells, splenocytes, intact and isolated lungs of mice were used in the study. Elispot was used for the evaluation of increasing of immunogenicity.Results. “Early” proteins HPV16 E6 or HPV16 E7 did not reveal any effect on HeLa cells. The regulatory antigenic “early” protein HPV16 E2 drastically degraded HeLa cells recorded by trypane blue. Four types of tumours were found in mice lung lobes placed in the suspension of cancer HeLa cells for 2–5 days: 1 – peripheral round tumours on epithelium, 2 – central tumours in the area of tracheal carina, 3 – pneumonialike peripheral cancer on lung lobes which was very similar to small-round-cell lung sarcoma with hyperchromic nuclei and 4 – Pancoast-like cancer in apical parts of lung lobe. Patterns of normal developed lung tissues were viewed on slices of lungs infected with HeLa in the presence of E2 simultaneously. The very high contents of γ‑interferon, CD4/CD8 T lymphocytes, T cell receptor and apoptotic enzymes: granzyme B, perforin and granulysine – were detected in blood and splenocytes of mice vaccinated with HPV16 E2.Conclusion. The study is promising for the development of an oral therapeutic vaccine based on a plant expression system (tomatoes) with the HPV16 E2 antigenic protein against lung cancer, cervical cancer and other types of cancer.
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Tillyashaykhov, M. N., S. M. Djanklich, S. N. Ibragimov i O. A. Imamov. "Analysis of cancer incidence structure in the Republic of Uzbekistan". Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana 61, nr 3 (30.10.2021): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.52532/2663-4864-2021-3-61-4-8.
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Relevance: Globocan reports 19.3 million new cases of malignant neoplasms in 2020 globally. Mammary gland cancer has
become the most commonly diagnosed oncological pathology, followed by lung, colon and rectum, prostate, and stomach
cancers. In Uzbekistan, malignant neoplasms of the breast, stomach, cervix, lungs, and brain dominate the structure of cancer
incidence.
The study aimed to analyze the cancer incidence trends and structure in the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2020.
Results: In 2020, 21976 new cancer cases were registered in Uzbekistan. The ratio of men and women newly diagnosed
with cancer was 0.7:1.4. Cancers of the breast, cervix, and ovary were the most common in women; cancers of the stomach,
lung, and prostate — in men. Hemoblastoses were more common at a young age, breast cancer – at working age, and stomach
cancer – at old age.
Conclusions: The statistical information analysis showed that in 2020 the cancers of the mammary gland, stomach, and
cervix were leading in the overall cancer structure, with significant differences in different age categories. This determines the
need for further improvement of cancer care in Uzbekistan.
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TILLYASHAYKHOV, M. N., S. M. Djanklich, S. N. Ibragimov i O. A. Imamov. "Analysis of cancer incidence structure in the Republic of Uzbekistan". Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana 61, nr 3 (30.09.2021): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2021-3-61-4-8.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Relevance: Globocan reports 19.3 million new cases of malignant neoplasms in 2020 globally. Mammary gland cancer has
become the most commonly diagnosed oncological pathology, followed by lung, colon and rectum, prostate, and stomach
cancers. In Uzbekistan, malignant neoplasms of the breast, stomach, cervix, lungs, and brain dominate the structure of cancer
incidence.
The study aimed to analyze the cancer incidence trends and structure in the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2020.
Results: In 2020, 21976 new cancer cases were registered in Uzbekistan. The ratio of men and women newly diagnosed
with cancer was 0.7:1.4. Cancers of the breast, cervix, and ovary were the most common in women; cancers of the stomach,
lung, and prostate - in men. Hemoblastoses were more common at a young age, breast cancer – at working age, and stomach
cancer – at old age.
Conclusions: The statistical information analysis showed that in 2020 the cancers of the mammary gland, stomach, and
cervix were leading in the overall cancer structure, with significant differences in different age categories. This determines the
need for further improvement of cancer care in Uzbekistan.
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Rane, Milind. "Lung Cancer Detection". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, nr 5 (31.05.2024): 4109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.62515.
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Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive approach to lung cancer detection utilizing state-of-the-art machine learning techniques, specifically Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Using CNN[1] the model is trained and it can detect whether the given lung cancer cell image contains cancerous cells or not. The first component of the proposed approach involves high-resolution medical imaging, such as computed tomography (CT) scans, to capture detailed anatomical information about the lungs. Image processing algorithms are applied to enhance the quality of the images and extract relevant features. Additionally, innovative three-dimensional reconstruction techniques are employed to visualize the lung tissue at a microscopic level, facilitating the identification of subtle abnormalities.
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Butle, Ashwin, Asim Joshi, Vanita Noronha, Kumar Prabhash i Amit Dutt. "Weekly osimertinib dosing to prevent EGFR mutant tumor cells destined to home mouse lungs." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, nr 15_suppl (20.05.2021): e20504-e20504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e20504.
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e20504 Background: The recent ADAURA trial concludes daily dosing of adjuvant osimertinib, a third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), improves disease-free survival with stage IB/II/IIIA EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancerpatients in comparison to placebo. We have developed a preclinical orthotopic mouse model, using luciferase tagged lung adenocarcinoma cells harboring EGFR TKI sensitive exon 19 deletion, to model and extend trial implications comparing a weekly vs daily dosing outcome of osimertinib to a first-generation TKI- erlotinib. Methods: We present an assessment of the homing of PC9-luciferase cells to the lungs of mice injected through mouse tail vein. Thirty NOD-SCID mice were divided into five groups as follows: two groups each for daily and weekly treatment and one group for vehicle control. For all the mice in the respective groups, erlotinib (25 mg/kg) and osimertinib (15 mg/kg) was orally administered. Homing of cells in the lungs of mice was assessed by bioluminescence imaging regularly. Results: In the control group, 100% of the mice showed homing and retention of cells in the lungs of mice 18 days post-injection. In mice receiving erlotinib daily, homing of the cells in lungs was absent in all four mice, except in one mouse where emergence was observed after day eight post-injection. In the case of erlotinib weekly group, out of four only one mouse showed absence of homing of cells in the lungs of mice. Interestingly, 100% of the mice in both the groups receiving osimertinib daily or weekly showed complete absence of homing of cells in the lungs of mice from day 3 onwards post-injection (Table). The tumors observed in the lungs, when dissected at day 30, confirmed the colonization of the injected cells homing to the organ. Conclusions: Based on the complete absence of the homing of cells in lungs of osimertinib treated mice, in both weekly and daily regimens, adjuvant osimeritinib may represent a viable treatment option in delaying the onset of disease post resection of early stage tumors or among patients with pre-disposition to EGFR mutant lung cancers harboring germline EGFR mutations. In addition, low-dose once-a-week osimertinib could potentially have several advantages over daily dosing, including lower toxicity, affordability, ease of administration and delaying or preventing acquired resistance that remains to be explored. [Table: see text]
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Pradeep, Prasobh, M. Maria Lumina Sonia i Rennis Davis Kizhakkepeedika. "Nanobots in Cancer Treatment – Framing Lung Cancer". Journal of Advanced Lung Health 4, nr 2 (2024): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jalh.jalh_4_24.
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Cancer, with each year, has been turning into one of the most catastrophic and most complex diseases. Techniques such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy, which are often bound by pain and side effects are used, using different varieties of drugs. As we have sailed along these years, the world has shown a static increase in lung cancer, especially in people who have their habits inclined into different drugs. These patients, who fail miserably with breathing difficulties, gets their conditions worsen, with these predominantly used treatment methods. As an alternative, nanomaterials could be the future technique which could be, much safer and more effective than the prevalent therapies that exist today. Nanomaterials, as scientists say, have been a revolution in the medical field, over the past decade. The primary objective of these nanomaterials in Lung Cancer treatment is to target and eliminate the metastasis which is been created in the lungs. This can be done using specially designed robots at the nano-scale level, called “Nanobots.” These bots could be made of both organic and inorganic materials in the nanoscale. Usually, in case of cancer treatment, the organic materials like the parts of DNA and RNA along with some compounds are used in its manufacturing. These bots are designed to work in two states, the OFF State and the ON state, which gets shifted when the clamshell coincides with the cancerous cells. Since nanobots can be managed using complicated programming techniques, it can also be used to detect any secondary disease present in the individual’s body. In this project, we will see insights into how nanobots could potentially work to eliminate the cancerous cells in the lungs.
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Kholmatov, J. A., O. O. Askarov, J. A. Stephen i Sh Isroilova. "IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULTS OF SURVEY HELD IN THE ANALYSIS OF EXAMINATION METHODS IN PULMONARY DISEASES". American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation 03, nr 06 (1.06.2023): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/volume03issue06-03.
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Globally, lung diseases are common. Among most common diseases are pneumonia, lungs’ cancer, COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), tuberculosis, asthma, bronchitis, etc., Due to ecology condition, no one is immune from pulmonary diseases. According to statistics, more than half of chronic diseases occur in the lungs and bronchi. So, in this work the different methods to examine lungs are analysed. Some methods of examination of pulmonary diseases like radioscopy, radiography, fluorography, thoracoscopy, etc.,
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Breckenridge, Joey Emery, Garrison Dell, Hope Steele, Jason Liang Cheng, Andrew Ghastine, Erica Culberson i Rana Herro. "Targeting Fibrosis to Improve Cancer Outcomes". Journal of Immunology 210, nr 1_Supplement (1.05.2023): 245.04. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.210.supp.245.04.
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Abstract Scleroderma (SSc) is an idiopathic autoimmune connective tissue disease. The three hallmarks of SSc include 1) vasculopathy resulting in 2) progressive fibrosis or thickening of the skin, lungs, and internal organs and 3) aberrant immune infiltration. Fibrotic pulmonary involvement is the leading cause of death in SSc patients. Recent data from John Hopkins Scleroderma Center have shown a significantly increased risk of lung cancer in SSc patients. However, the mechanisms linking the two diseases are not well understood. Moreover, due to the close temporal relationship between SSc and lung cancer diagnosis, it is unclear whether lung fibrosis precedes tumorigenesis or conversely lung tumorigenesis precedes fibrosis. It has become evident that certain fibrotic diseases can progress towards cancer. Seemingly, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis or HBV/HCV infection-induced liver cirrhosis can progress to hepatocellular carcinoma. Vice versa, many solid tumors are fibrotic, and desmoplasia is referred to the pathological remodeling observed in the tumor microenvironment. There seems to be a tight link between fibrosis and cancer although the directionality of this progression is unknown. Moreover, several fibrotic processes involving the ß-catenin/Wnt, YAP/TAZ and hedgehog pathways in addition to fibrogenic growth factors (TGFß, VEGF, FGF) have been known to drive cancer. We are developing a murine model to study the mechanisms driving fibrosis to cancer progression in the lungs.
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Maitra, Radhashree, Parth Malik i Tapan Kumar Mukherjee. "Targeting Estrogens and Various Estrogen-Related Receptors against Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers: A Perspective". Cancers 14, nr 1 (24.12.2021): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14010080.
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Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) account for ~85% of lung cancer cases worldwide. Mammalian lungs are exposed to both endogenous and exogenous estrogens. The expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) in lung cancer cells has evoked the necessity to evaluate the role of estrogens in the disease progression. Estrogens, specifically 17β-estradiol, promote maturation of several tissue types including lungs. Recent epidemiologic data indicate that women have a higher risk of lung adenocarcinoma, a type of NSCLC, when compared to men, independent of smoking status. Besides ERs, pulmonary tissues both in healthy physiology and in NSCLCs also express G-protein-coupled ERs (GPERs), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRs), estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) and orphan nuclear receptors. Premenopausal females between the ages of 15 and 50 years synthesize a large contingent of estrogens and are at a greater risk of developing NSCLCs. Estrogen—ER/GPER/EGFR/ERR—mediated activation of various cell signaling molecules regulates NSCLC cell proliferation, survival and apoptosis. This article sheds light on the most recent achievements in the elucidation of sequential biochemical events in estrogen-activated cell signaling pathways involved in NSCLC severity with insight into the mechanism of regulation by ERs/GPERs/EGFRs/ERRs. It further discusses the success of anti-estrogen therapies against NSCLCs.
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Chia, Shi Biao, Bryan Johnson, Meher Boorgula, Varsha Sreekanth, Andrew Goodspeed, Bennett J. Davenport, Junxiao Hu i in. "Abstract 1390: Pulmonary viral infection promotes the awakening of dormant metastatic breast cancer cells in lungs". Cancer Research 84, nr 6_Supplement (22.03.2024): 1390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-1390.
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Abstract Background: Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer and the second cancer-causing death in females. Although remission rates are high if detected early, survival rates drop substantially when breast cancer becomes metastatic. The most common sites of metastatic breast cancer are bone, liver, and lung. Respiratory viral infections inflict illnesses on countless people, as evidenced by annual flu seasons and the latest pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. Respiratory viral infections result in increased inflammation with immune cell influx to facilitate viral clearance. Prior studies have shown that inflammation can contribute to dormant cancer cells awakening and outgrowth. However, how respiratory viral infections contribute to breast cancer lung metastasis remains to be unraveled. Methods: MMTV/NEU mouse model of dormant breast cancer was used, with influenza virus as the model respiratory virus. Lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were harvested for immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, cytokines, and single-cell RNA-seq analysis. Flatiron Health Database was mined for epidemiological data to assess the risk of breast cancer metastasis to lung with COVID infection. Results: We have shown a dramatic increase in disseminated cancer cell (DCC) awakening in the lungs following influenza and SARS-CoV-2 infections. Influenza infection results in loss of a pro-dormancy mesenchymal phenotype and increased proliferation of DCC in the lungs within days post-infection, with a more than 1000-fold expansion of carcinoma cells over a couple of weeks. Strikingly, by 15 days post-infection, the lesions that expanded from solitary HER2+ DCCs almost homogeneously return to a quiescent state. Our preliminary data indicate that post-infection increases in IL-6 are required for DCC expansion post-influenza. Acute influenza infection also contributed to an accumulation of CD4+ T cells around expanding tumor cells for as long as 28 days after the initial infection. Depletion of CD4+ T cells but not CD8+ cells during infection with influenza virus prevents the expansion of the DCCs in the lung. Co-depletion of CD8 cells with CD4 cells partially restored the DCC burden in the lungs, indicating a role for CD8 cells in eliminating DCCs when released from CD4-mediated suppression. Single-cell RNA-seq analyses of CD8+ T cells with CD4 depletion showed an increased IL2/STAT5, MTORC1, and Ox/Phos activation by 15 dpi. The analyses also showed an immunosuppressive effect by the tumor cells. Finally, analysis of female breast cancer patients who tested positive with SARS-CoV-2 after their initial diagnosis exhibited a hazard ratio of 1.44 (p=0.043) for subsequent diagnosis of metastatic breast cancer in lungs. Conclusions: These studies reveal the potential risks to cancer survivors who experience respiratory viral infections, with mechanistic insight that could lead to novel prevention or intervention strategies. Citation Format: Shi Biao Chia, Bryan Johnson, Meher Boorgula, Varsha Sreekanth, Andrew Goodspeed, Bennett J. Davenport, Junxiao Hu, Dexiang Gao, Michael Papanicolaou, Thomas E. Morrison, Julio A. Aguirre-Ghiso, Mercedes Rincon, James V. DeGregori. Pulmonary viral infection promotes the awakening of dormant metastatic breast cancer cells in lungs [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 1390.
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Mate, Prof G. S., Karan Shirsat, Aakash Panditha, Kaumodaki Koul i Sejal Rayou. "Lung Cancer Detection Using Neural Net". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, nr 1 (31.01.2023): 940–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.48530.
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Abstract: Leukemia is a sort of blood threatening development which happens due touncommon development in WBCs (white platelets) in bone marrow of human body. Leukemia can be appointed serious leukemia and progressing leukemia, affected severely and causes malignant growth. In the vast majority of the cases early in which serious leukemia turns out to be astoundingly fast however steady leukemia creates slowly .Among all kinds of kinds of developments, cell breakdown in the lungs is the most overwhelming contamination having the most critical passing rate. Dealt with tomography investigates are utilized for ID of lung hurt as it gives unmistakable image of harmful development in the body and tracks its development. Picture dealing with systems are utilized generally in clinical fields for beginning stage affirmation of cell breakdown in the lungs. The calculation for cell breakdown in the lungs disclosure is proposed utilizing strategies, for example, focus disconnecting for picture pre-dealing with followed by division of lung area of interest utilizing numerical morphological endeavors. Mathematical parts are dealt with from the eliminated district of interest and used to bundle CT channel pictures into typical and abnormal by utilizing support vector machine. Further both the sorts have two sub arrangements lymphocytic and myeloid. In this paper, we will explore different picture dealing with and Man-made intelligence procedures used for request of leukemia area and endeavor to focus in on advantages and limitations of different similar investigates to summarize an result which will be valuable for various experts.
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Ayupov, R. T., R. V. Safiullin i S. R. Khasanov. "Surgical removal of solitary metastasis of colorectal cancer to the lungs". Kazan medical journal 77, nr 5 (15.10.1996): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj104633.
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Despite the wide discussion in the literature about the possibility of surgical treatment of distant metastases of colorectal cancer to various organs, the reports about surgical removal of colorectal cancer metastases to the lungs are still rare. According to literature data, frequency of lung surgeries for malignant tumor metastases of various localizations makes up to 4.6% of surgeries for lung cancer, and the 3-year survival rate is observed in 50% of cases, 5-year - in 38%.
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Al Khatib, Arwa Omar, Mohamed El-Tanani i Hisham Al-Obaidi. "Inhaled Medicines for Targeting Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer". Pharmaceutics 15, nr 12 (14.12.2023): 2777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15122777.
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Throughout the years, considerable progress has been made in methods for delivering drugs directly to the lungs, which offers enhanced precision in targeting specific lung regions. Currently, for treatment of lung cancer, the prevalent routes for drug administration are oral and parenteral. These methods, while effective, often come with side effects including hair loss, nausea, vomiting, susceptibility to infections, and bleeding. Direct drug delivery to the lungs presents a range of advantages. Notably, it can significantly reduce or even eliminate these side effects and provide more accurate targeting of malignancies. This approach is especially beneficial for treating conditions like lung cancer and various respiratory diseases. However, the journey towards perfecting inhaled drug delivery systems has not been without its challenges, primarily due to the complex structure and functions of the respiratory tract. This comprehensive review will investigate delivery strategies that target lung cancer, specifically focusing on non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)—a predominant variant of lung cancer. Within the scope of this review, active and passive targeting techniques are covered which highlight the roles of advanced tools like nanoparticles and lipid carriers. Furthermore, this review will shed light on the potential synergies of combining inhalation therapy with other treatment approaches, such as chemotherapy and immunotherapy. The goal is to determine how these combinations might amplify therapeutic results, optimizing patient outcomes and overall well-being.
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Silva, Allana Carvalho, Mirsiane Pascoal Costa, Thiago Medeiros Zacaron, Kézia Cristine Barbosa Ferreira, Wilson Rodrigues Braz, Rodrigo Luiz Fabri, Frédéric Jean Georges Frézard, Frederico Pittella i Guilherme Diniz Tavares. "The Role of Inhaled Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles in Lung Cancer Therapy". Pharmaceutics 16, nr 8 (23.07.2024): 969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16080969.
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Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, largely due to the limited efficacy of anticancer drugs, which is primarily attributed to insufficient doses reaching the lungs. Additionally, patients undergoing treatment experience severe systemic adverse effects due to the distribution of anticancer drugs to non-targeted sites. In light of these challenges, there has been a growing interest in pulmonary administration of drugs for the treatment of lung cancer. This route allows drugs to be delivered directly to the lungs, resulting in high local concentrations that can enhance antitumor efficacy while mitigating systemic toxic effects. However, pulmonary administration poses the challenge of overcoming the mechanical, chemical, and immunological defenses of the respiratory tract that prevent the inhaled drug from properly penetrating the lungs. To overcome these drawbacks, the use of nanoparticles in inhaler formulations may be a promising strategy. Nanoparticles can assist in minimizing drug clearance, increasing penetration into the lung epithelium, and enhancing cellular uptake. They can also facilitate increased drug stability, promote controlled drug release, and delivery to target sites, such as the tumor environment. Among them, chitosan-based nanoparticles demonstrate advantages over other polymeric nanocarriers due to their unique biological properties, including antitumor activity and mucoadhesive capacity. These properties have the potential to enhance the efficacy of the drug when administered via the pulmonary route. In view of the above, this paper provides an overview of the research conducted on the delivery of anticancer drug-loaded chitosan-based nanoparticles incorporated into inhaled drug delivery devices for the treatment of lung cancer. Furthermore, the article addresses the use of emerging technologies, such as siRNA (small interfering RNA), in the context of lung cancer therapy. Particularly, recent studies employing chitosan-based nanoparticles for siRNA delivery via the pulmonary route are described.
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Oli, Yuba Raj, Loknath Regmi, Prakash Poudel, Satish Kumar Karna i Mohan Bhandari. "Unlocking the Potential of CT scans: An Explanation-Driven Deep Learning Model for Predicting Lung Cancer". International Journal on Engineering Technology 1, nr 1 (21.12.2023): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/injet.v1i1.60945.
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This research study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of transfer learning with the ResNet50 model for classifying CT scan images of lungs as having cancer or not. Additionally, it explores the interpretability methods of LIME (Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations) and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) to provide explanations for the predictions made by the ResNet50 model on CT scan images. The research objectives include developing a deep learning model based on the ResNet50 architecture, evaluating its performance using various metrics, and explaining the predictions using LIME and SHAP techniques. The dataset consists of a collection of CT scan images of lungs, with labels indicating the presence or absence of cancer. Through k-fold cross-validation, the model achieves high accuracy and low loss, demonstrating its effectiveness in classifying lung cancer. The interpretability methods of LIME and SHAP shed light on the crucial features and regions in the CT scan images that contribute to the model's predictions, enhancing the understanding of the model's decision-making process. The results highlight the potential of transfer learning and interpretability techniques in improving the accuracy and explainability of lung cancer detection models. Future directions may involve applying the developed model to larger datasets, classifying different stages of cancer, and identifying the specific regions within the lungs where cancer cells are detected.
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Yu, Huang-Ping, Ibrahim A. Aljuffali i Jia-You Fang. "Injectable Drug-Loaded Nanocarriers for Lung Cancer Treatments". Current Pharmaceutical Design 23, nr 3 (20.02.2017): 481–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666161027113654.
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Different types of injectable nanoparticles, including metallic nanoparticles, polymeric nanocarriers, dendrimers, liposomes, niosomes, and lipid nanoparticles, have been employed to load drugs for lung delivery. Nanoparticles used for lung delivery offer some benefits over conventional formulations, including increased solubility, enhanced stability, improved epithelium permeability and bioavailability, prolonged half-life, tumor targeting, and minimal side effects. In recent years, the concept of using injectable nanocarriers as vehicles for drug delivery has attracted increasing attention. This review highlights recent developments using nanomedical approaches for drug targeting to the lungs. We systematically introduce the concepts and amelioration mechanisms of the nanomedical techniques for lung cancer therapy. Passive targeting by modulating the nanoparticulate structure and the physicochemical properties is an option for efficient drug delivery to the lungs. In addition, active targeting such as antibody or peptide conjugation to nanoparticles is another efficient way to deliver the drugs to the targeted site. This review describes various nanocarriers loaded with anticancer drugs for passive or active targeting of lung malignancy. In this review, we principally focus on the nanomedical application in animal studies. The article excludes investigations limited to cell-based experiments. The review ends by anticipating future developments and trends.
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Engin, H., S. Ozdamar, B. Gun, B. Bahadir, G. Kertis, G. Numanoglu, Y. Ustundag i G. Kuzey. "Epidemiological data of cancer of the only cancer center of the western Black Sea region of Turkey". Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, nr 18_suppl (20.06.2006): 16041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.16041.
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16041 Background: 600 patients diagnosed as having cancer between years 2000–2005 at Zonguldak Karaelmas University were evaluated. Methods: All information pertaining to patient characteristics were retrieved from files of the Pathology and Medical Oncology Departments. Results: 383 (63,83%) were male and 217 (36,17%) were female. The most common malignancies among males are; prostate cancer 21,40 %, stomach cancer 14,62%, tumors of the bronchi and the lungs 12,10%, colorectal cancers 10,70%, skin tumors (non-melanoma 8,90%, melanoma 1,30%), malignancies of the lymphatic and hematopoietic system 7,83%, bladder cancer 6,52%, metastasis of unknown origin 3,40%, laryngeal cancer 2,61%, tumors of the hepatobiliary system 2,61%, brain tumors 2,00%, tumors of the bone and soft tissues 1,82%, tumors of the oral cavity and pharynx 1,31%, esophagus cancers 1,04%, thyroid cancers 1,04%, testicular cancers 0,52%, renal tumors 0,26%, tumors of the small intestine 0,26%. The most common malignancies among females are: breast cancer 22,11%, skin tumors (non-melanoma 15,60%, melanoma 0,92%), colorectal cancers 12,37%, stomach cancers 8,29%, malignancies of the lymphatic and hematopoietic system 5,99%, endometrial cancers 5,52%, ovarian cancers 3,22%, thyroid cancers 5,06%, metastatic tumors of unknown origin 4,14%, brain tumors 3,22%, tumors of the hepatobiliary system 2,76%, tumors of the bronchi and the lungs 2,30%, tumors of the bones and soft tissues 2,30%, esophagus cancers 1,38%, tumors of the oral cavity and pharynx 0.92%, tumors of the cervix uteri, vulva and vagina 0,50%, renal tumors 0,46% and tumors of the small intestine 0,46%. Conclusions: Although Turkish Health Department data demonstrates that the tumors of the bronchi and the lungs are the most common malignancies in the general Turkish population, prostate cancer was found to be the most common malignancy among our patient population. Additionally, colorectal tumors were also found to be more prevalent in our patient population than in the general Turkish population. Breast cancer was the most common malignancy among female patients in our patient population, as it is in general. While stomach and colorectal tumors among women were more prevalent than in the general population, gynecological tumors were rare. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Polynovskiy, A., D. Kuz'michev, Z. Mamedli, Sergey Tkachev, M. Chernich, Yu Suraeva, J. Madyarov, A. Aniskin i E. Kolobanova. "Successful Case of Treatment the Patient with Synchronous Rectal and Sigmoid Cancers and Synchronous Lung Metastasis". Medical Radiology and radiation safety 66, nr 3 (20.07.2021): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1024-6177-2021-66-3-76-81.
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Colorectal cancers (CRC) takes the leading position in the incidence of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Metastatic CRC in the primary diagnosis ranges from 15 to 35 %. Lung metastasis are the most frequent extraperitoneal manifestation of the metastatic process. Such patients are relatively rare and there are no clear recommendations for their treatment tactics to date. This clinical case describes a successful strategy of using preoperative prolonged chemoradiotherapy on a primary tumor and stereotactic irradiation of lung metastasis, with courses of chemotherapy, with further radical laparoscopic operation, in a patient with disseminated primary multiple rectal cancer, synchronous sigmoid colon cancer and 2 metastatic focuses in both lungs.
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Xing, Yue, Shicheng Su i Erwei Song. "Abstract PO4-25-02: Long-range Deployment of Tumor-antigen Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Inhibits Lung Metastasis of Breast Cancer". Cancer Research 84, nr 9_Supplement (2.05.2024): PO4–25–02—PO4–25–02. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs23-po4-25-02.
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Abstract Effector Immune Cell Deployment (EICD) refers to systemic deployment of anti-tumor effector immune cells in cancer patients, including the priming, circulation, trafficking, activity and fate of the immunocytes, and is a panorama to reflect the generation, distribution and development of anti-tumor immunity. Tumor antigen-specific T cells are the main component of effector immune cells in anti-tumor immune responses, but their systemic deployment in breast cancer patients and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we identified a cluster of CD8+ T cell exhibiting tissue-resident memory (TRM) phenotype in the tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) of 487 breast cancer patients, whose abundancy specifically predicts improved lung, but not other target organ metastasis-free survival. Also, high lung CD8+ TRM infiltration is associated with lower metastatic burden in breast cancer patients. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we observed that in multiple mouse cancer models, CD8+TRM accumulate at early tumor stages when lung metastasis was not identified. Functionally, the CD8+TRM isolated from pre-metastatic lungs of the animals were tumor antigen specific and cytotoxic to the tumor cells. Nevertheless, the abundancy of CD8+TRM in the lungs were dramatically decreased in the lungs upon metastasis establishment. Moreover, in Cd8cre/+ Itgaeloxp/+-diphtheria toxin receptor conditional knockout mice, we unambiguously demonstrated that specific depletion of the CD8+ TRM subset facilitates lung metastasis in vivo, while adoptive transfer of CD8+ TRM successfully inhibited lung metastasis and prolonged survival of the mice. Mechanistically, using cell-tracing techniques in the photo-convertible Kaede-Tg mice, we found that tumor-specific CD8+ TRM were generated in the TDLNs of the mice and were recruited to the lungs via CCL25/CCR9 signaling axis. However, the circulating exosomes secreted by primary tumor cells were taken up by alveolar macrophages and polarized them to release IDO1 and impaired anti-tumor T cell immunity, facilitating lung metastasis. More importantly, inhibition of IDO1 effectively retrieves TRM-mediated protection against lung metastasis. Collectively, we have revealed a cross-talk between tumor cells and the inflammatory environment of distant organs, which could drive lung metastasis by impairing EICD. Our findings also highlight the therapeutic potential of orchestrating EICD in turning “cold” metastatic tumor foci to “hot” ones. Citation Format: Yue Xing, Shicheng Su, Erwei Song. Long-range Deployment of Tumor-antigen Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Inhibits Lung Metastasis of Breast Cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO4-25-02.
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Yan, Lin, Sneha Sundaram, Bret M. Rust, Matthew J. Picklo i Michael R. Bukowski. "Abstract 709: Metabolomic differences between pulmonary metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma and normal lungs from C57BL/6 mice fed an obesogenic high-fat diet". Cancer Research 82, nr 12_Supplement (15.06.2022): 709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-709.
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Abstract Metastasis, the spread of malignant cells from a primary tumor to distant organs, is the most devastating aspect of cancer. To understand the metabolism of metastases, we compared the metabolomes of pulmonary metastases of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) with that of normal lung tissues from mice fed an obesogenic high-fat diet. In a 2x2 design, male C57BL/6 mice, with or without a subcutaneous LLC inoculation, were fed the standard AIN93G diet or a high-fat diet (HFD), which provided 16% or 45% of energy from soybean oil, for 12 weeks. At the end of the study, lung metastases from injected mice and the lungs from non-injected mice were harvested for untargeted metabolomic analysis of primary metabolism by gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS). We identified 91 metabolites, 70 of which differed among the four groups. Pathway and network analyses along with the discriminant analysis showed that amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism were altered the most in metastases compared to the normal lung tissue (e.g., aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis pathways and the citric cycle). A 60% decrease in glutamine and a 25-fold elevation in sorbitol were observed in metastases. Cholesterol and its metabolite dihydrocholesterol were 50% lower in metastases than in the lungs. The HFD elevated arachidonic acid and its precursor linoleic acid in the lungs from non-LLC-bearing mice, which reflected dietary fatty acid composition of the HFD. However, such elevation did not occur in metastases from HFD-fed LLC-bearing mice, suggesting alterations in fatty acid metabolism during LLC metastatic progression. Differences in metabolomes between LLC pulmonary metastases and the normal healthy lungs identified in the present study can be useful in designing targeted studies for prevention and treatment of metastasis using this spontaneous metastasis model. Citation Format: Lin Yan, Sneha Sundaram, Bret M. Rust, Matthew J. Picklo, Michael R. Bukowski. Metabolomic differences between pulmonary metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma and normal lungs from C57BL/6 mice fed an obesogenic high-fat diet [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 709.
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Fatoki, F. M., E. K. Akinyemi i S. A. Phlips. "Prediction of Lungs Cancer Diseases Datasets Using Machine Learning Algorithms". Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology 42, nr 11 (15.05.2023): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2023/v42i114101.
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Lung cancer is the most common cause of mortality, and it is the only sort of cancer that affects both men and women globally. The primary goal of this paper is to creates a model for predicting lungs cancer using various machine learning classification algorithms like k Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression (LR), and Gaussian Naive Bayes (NB). Furthermore, assess and compare the performance of the varied classifiers using their accuracy in selecting the best algorithms. The lung cancer dataset is publicly available on the Kaggle Machine Learning Repository, thus the implementation phase dataset will be partitioned as 80% for the training phase and 20% for the testing phase before using machine learning methods. In all parameters, the support vector machine performed well.
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Principe, Daniel R., Nisha A. Mohindra, Hidayatullah G. Munshi i Suneel D. Kamath. "Alveolar soft part sarcoma mimics prostate cancer metastasis". Oxford Medical Case Reports 2019, nr 12 (grudzień 2019): 507–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/omcr/omz122.
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Abstract A 61-year-old man presented to the oncology clinic with Gleason 9 (4 + 5) prostate cancer. Staging CT showed multiple nodules in both lungs. Since the lung lesions were too small for biopsy, he was started on anti-androgen therapy for suspected metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. While his prostate-specific antigen decreased from 32 to <0.1 ng/ml, the multiple lung lesions showed no response on subsequent imaging. The patient presented during follow-up with severe right leg pain, at which time magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large, hyperintense mass in the femur. The mass was resected along with two lung nodules, with pathology demonstrating metastatic alveolar soft part sarcoma. This serves as an important reminder that lesions suspicious for metastases may be due to cancers of multiple primary origins, particularly if the pattern of metastasis is atypical or there is varied response to therapy.
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Siegfried, Jill M., Adam C. Soloff, Autumn Gaither Davis, Amy A. Powers, Seth H. Eisenberg i Laura P. Stabile. "Abstract A019: Targeting STAT3 for lung cancer prevention". Cancer Prevention Research 15, nr 12_Supplement_2 (1.12.2022): A019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1940-6215.tacpad22-a019.
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Abstract Former smokers have an elevated risk of lung cancer and account for a large proportion of newly diagnosed lung cancer. Former smokers with airway dysplasia have received modest benefit in randomized chemoprevention trials, while active smokers have not. More effective chemoprevention agents for former smokers at risk for lung cancer are needed. We previously reported that a cyclic double-stranded DNA oligonucleotide STAT3 decoy (CS3D) administered intravenously (IV) had strong anti-tumor effects in lung cancer xenograft models and was also effective as a chemoprevention agent using a tobacco carcinogen (NNK)-induced lung cancer mouse model that mimics “ex-smokers”. CS3D prevents the binding of activated STAT3 dimers to the promoter of target genes and induces p-STAT3 degradation. Our goal was to develop a clinically applicable direct delivery method of CS3D to the lungs. Using fluorescently tagged CS3D, we evaluated the feasibility and determined the optimal dosing schedule of CS3D administered intratracheally (IT, a mimic of human inhalation) compared to IV in mice. IT delivery 3 times/week provided a high initial drug level that was cleared from the lungs within a few hours, while IV dosing provided lower initial drug levels but persisted up to 8 hrs, with CS3D accumulation over time in the lungs. While the pharmacodynamic effect was also greater with systemic dosing, IT delivery produced inhibition of the STAT3 pathway. Phosphorylated STAT3, VEGF, IL6 and Ki67 expression in NNK-induced lung preneoplasias was down-modulated by IT CS3D delivery after 4 weeks of treatment compared to the mutant oligonucleotide (CS3M), confirming our previous findings with IV delivery. We also demonstrated that CS3D delivered IT altered the pulmonary environment by promoting a pro-inflammatory, anti-tumor response in myeloid cells of the lung directly, or by acting on tumor and stromal components to establish an immune-reactive tumor-microenvironment. No toxicities were found during IT or IV treatment and no organ abnormalities were detected by either regimen. A long-term chemoprevention study of CS3D delivered IT in the ex-smoker lung cancer murine model is underway. Our findings suggest that blocking STAT3 may be a useful strategy for lung cancer prevention, and may involve both inhibition of oncogenic signaling and enhanced anti-tumor immunity. Citation Format: Jill M. Siegfried, Adam C. Soloff, Autumn Gaither Davis, Amy A. Powers, Seth H. Eisenberg, Laura P. Stabile. Targeting STAT3 for lung cancer prevention [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second Biennial NCI Meeting: Translational Advances in Cancer Prevention Agent Development (TACPAD); 2022 Sep 7-9. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2022;15(12 Suppl_2): Abstract nr A019.
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Grigoriev, G. Y., E. V. Zavaleva i A. S. Lagutin. "Clinical Applications of Xenon-129 in Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Brief Overview". Meditsinskaya Fizika, nr 2 (28.06.2024): 91–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.52775/1810-200x-2024-102-2-91-109.
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Harðardóttir, Hrönn, Steinn Jónsson, Örvar Gunnarsson, Bylgja Hilmarsdóttir, Jurate Ásmundsson, Ingibjörg Guðmundsdóttir, Vaka Ýr Sævarsdóttir, Sif Hansdóttir, Pétur Hannesson i Tómas Guðbjartsson. "Advances in lung cancer diagnosis and treatment - a review". Læknablaðið 108, nr 01 (4.01.2022): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17992/lbl.2022.01.671.
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Lung cancer is the second and third most common cancer in Iceland for females and males, respectively. Although the incidence is declining, lung cancer still has the highest mortality of all cancers in Iceland. Symptoms of lung cancer can be specific and localized to the lungs, but more commonly they are unspecific and result in significant diagnostic delay. Therefore, majority of lung cancer patients are diagnosed with non-localized disease. In recent years, major developments have been made in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. Positive emission scanning (PET) and both transbroncial (EBUS) or transesophageal ultrasound (EUS) biopsy techniques have resulted in improved mediastinal staging of the disease and minimal invasive video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) has lowered postoperative complications and shortened hospital stay. Technical developments in radiotherapy have benefitted those patients who are not candidates for curative surgery. Finally, and most importantly, recent advances in targeted chemotherapeutics and development of immunomodulating agents have made individual tailoring of treatment possible. Recent screening-trials with low-dose computed tomography show promising results in lowering mortality. This evidence-based review focuses on the most important developments in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer, and includes Icelandic studies in the field.