Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Lungs – Cancer

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Lungs – Cancer”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 31 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Lungs – Cancer"

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Parida, Sheetal, Sumit Siddharth i Dipali Sharma. "Role of Omentin in Obesity Paradox in Lung Cancer". Cancers 13, nr 2 (13.01.2021): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13020275.

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Lung cancer remains the second-most-common cancer worldwide and is associated with the highest number of cancer-related mortality. While tobacco smoking is the most important risk factor for lung cancer, many other lifestyles and occupational factors significantly contribute. Obesity is a growing global health concern and contributes to ~30% cancer-related mortality, but unlike other lifestyle diseases, lung cancer is negatively associated with obesity. We meta-analyzed multiple case-control studies confirming increased survival and better outcomes in overweight and obese lung cancer patients. Tumor heterogeneity analysis showed significant enrichment of adipocytes and preadipocytes in normal lungs compared to lung cancers. Interestingly, one of the understudied adipokine, omentin, was significantly and consistently lower in lung neoplasms compared to normal lungs. Omentin has been examined in relation to osteoarthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic liver disease, psoriasis and some other cancers. Aberrant expression of omentin has been reported in solid tumors; however, little is known about its role in lung cancer. We found omentin to be consistently downregulated in lung cancers, and it exhibited a negative correlation with important transcription factors FOXA1, EN1, FOXC1 and ELK4. We, therefore, suggest that omentin may serve as a prognostic factor in lung cancer and explain the “obesity paradox” in lung cancer.
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Wang, Jing, Ramon Ocadiz-Ruiz, Matthew Hall, Grace Bushnell, Sophia Orbach, Joseph Decker, Ravi Raghani i in. "Abstract LB347: A lung-mimicking synthetic metastatic niche reveals N1 neutrophils drive breast cancer metastatic dormancy in the lungs". Cancer Research 83, nr 8_Supplement (14.04.2023): LB347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-lb347.

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Abstract 3D scaffolds mimicking the environment in the primary tumor or metastatic organs can deconstruct complex niche signals and facilitate the study of cancer progression and metastasis. Here, we reported that a subcutaneous 3D scaffold implant acted as a lung-mimicking dormant metastatic niche in mouse models of metastatic breast cancer, recruiting lung-tropic circulating tumor cells yet suppressing their growth through potent in situ antitumor immunity. We compared it with the immunosuppressive lungs developing lethal metastases and the dormant lungs suppressing tumor growth derived from breast cancer models with varying tumor aggressiveness and host immunity. Our data suggested that breast cancer-induced Gr1+CD11b+Ly6G+ granulocytic myeloid cells (neutrophils) infiltrated the scaffold implants and lungs, secreting the same signal to facilitate the metastatic seeding of lung-tropic cancer cells in these two types of niches. However, circulating neutrophils with opposing phenotypes and functions (N1 and N2) were selectively recruited and enriched in the dormant scaffolds/lungs and immunosuppressive lungs, respectively, responding to two distinct groups of chemoattractants. N1 or N2 neutrophils established activated or suppressive immune environments in the metastatic niches, directing different fates of cancer cells. The clinical relevance of these scientific findings was validated by the strong positive correlation of a high N1-to-N2 neutrophil chemoattractant ratio with a low-grade primary tumor, a low metastases incidence, and a better prognosis in breast cancer patients. Overall, our study revealed the multifaceted roles of neutrophils in regulating lung metastasis and underscored the importance of N1 neutrophils in driving breast cancer metastatic dormancy in the lungs, inspiring next-generation immunotherapy. Citation Format: Jing Wang, Ramon Ocadiz-Ruiz, Matthew Hall, Grace Bushnell, Sophia Orbach, Joseph Decker, Ravi Raghani, Yining Zhang, Aaron Morris, Jacqueline Jeruss, Lonnie Shea. A lung-mimicking synthetic metastatic niche reveals N1 neutrophils drive breast cancer metastatic dormancy in the lungs [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 2 (Clinical Trials and Late-Breaking Research); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(8_Suppl):Abstract nr LB347.
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Chwa, Sunyoung, Seung Hun Lee i Seung Hyun Lee. "Unusual mesentery metastasis of differentiated thyroid cancer: a case report". Korean Journal of Clinical Oncology 19, nr 2 (31.12.2023): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14216/kjco.23015.

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Distant metastases of well-differentiated thyroid cancers (WDTCs) to bone and lungs are well known, while intra-abdominal, mesenteric metastases are very rare. Herein, we report a case of intra-abdominal, mesenteric metastasis of WDTC. A 62-year-old man underwent thyroid lobectomy for follicular thyroid cancer. One year later, lung metastasis was observed. The patient simultaneously underwent lung wedge resection and complete thyroidectomy. Eleven years later, serum thyroglobulin level was elevated. On the work-up study, a metastatic lesion in the lungs and a mass in the mesentery were identified. Two lesions of the lung and mesentery were surgically resected. The mass in the mesentery was pathologically diagnosed as metastatic WDTC.
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Venkatraman, Pitchaikannu, i C. S. Sureka. "ID: 1082 An in-vitro study to diagnose and distinguish breast and lung cancers using the PCB technology based nanodosimeter". Biomedical Research and Therapy 4, S (5.09.2017): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.15419/bmrat.v4is.356.

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Generally, in the modern field of nanodosimetry, the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) technology based 3D positive ion detector has been identified as a device to detect cancers in lungs and breast region. In the nano environment, these cancer cells have been diagnosed by the exhalation of specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which serves as eminent source biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. Earlier studies reported that lungs emit various VOCs include Benzene, Ethylbenzene, Cyclohexane, methanol, ethanol, dodecane and tridecane, and the breast emit alkanes, alkenes, ketones, halogenated hydrocarbons, aldehydes, alcohols, esters, unsaturated hydrocarbons, terpenes, siloxanes, and aromates. By employing VOCs exhalation, the field of nanodosimetry aids as a direct evidence that the diagnosis of critical organs like lungs and breast cancer cells without harming the patients is possible. In our present out, we carried out in diagnosing and to distinguishing the cancer tissues of breast and lung using PCB technology based nanodosimeter.
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Ram, Dr R. Bhargav. "Lung Cancer Detection using Ensemble Algorithm". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, nr 6 (30.06.2024): 1592–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.63367.

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Abstract: A deadly hereditary illness, lung cancer is caused by an aberrant proliferation of malignant cells in the lungs of an individual. As one of the most important organs in the human body, the lungs might have major consequences from lung cancer. In order to help both patients and physicians, we have concentrated on the rapid diagnosis of lung cancer in our work. Histopathology pictures and other diagnostic methods can also be used to diagnose lung cancer.In existing methodology, it is identified that the methods are time taking process and less Accuracy. The proposed work contains a hybridized model of Convolution neural networks and an ensemble of Machine Learning algorithms: Support Vector Classifier, Random Forest, and Ada Boost that detect the lung cancer using histopathology images.
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Shobha Rani N, Rakshitha B S i Rohith V. "Patch analysis based lung cancer classification". International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, nr 3 (19.07.2019): 2163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v10i3.1443.

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Lung Cancer may be a variety of Cancer that begins in the Lungs because of those that smokes often. However, there Area unit rare probabilities those area unit non-smokers get Affected because of unhealthy pollution and Harmful gasses. The detection of tumor is incredibly vital that helps to detect affected neoplasm areas in the lungs. Computed tomography help us to understand the cancer positions in patients. The detection of cancer tumours are performed by scanning the images of computed tomography. Lung cancer identification system goes with a method of Morphological opening and Gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) feature extraction and Normalized cross-correlation with patches Analysis. Lung cancer classification using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) gives good results of Accuracy of 81.81%. Patch Analysis is a new method to find lung cancer.
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Guardascione, Giuseppe, Luigi Portella, Dario Guido Di Febbraro, Giulia Bertolini, Giuseppina Rea, Caterina Ieranò, Crescenzo D'Alterio i in. "Abstract 6815: CXCL12-loaded-hydrogel (CLG) in vivo modifies lung metastatic niche toward an immunoactive microenvironment reducing lung metastasis development". Cancer Research 84, nr 6_Supplement (22.03.2024): 6815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-6815.

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Abstract PURPOSE and INTRODUCTION: In vivo a dermal filler hyaluronic gel-based loaded with CXCL12 (CLG) was able to divert B16-hCXCR4 cells from lung metastases. Herein, CLG was assessed for the capability to isolate human circulating cancer cells (CTCs). Moreover, in vivo CLGs and lungs were characterized to dissect natural (lung) and artificial (gel) microenvironment composition. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: “TRAP4MET” clinical trial was conducted in 48 advanced cancer patients characterized at diagnosis for CLG-dependent CTCs-isolation as compared to ScreenCell™ filters. C57/B6 mice were s.c. injected with Empty Gel (EG) or CLG and five days later i.v. injected with GFP-LLC (Lewis lung) cells. Lungs and gels were collected at time 0 (before tumour cells injection), after 4 hours and 10 days post tumour cells inoculation. Lungs and gels were analysed through flow-cytometry for GFP-LLC cells, innate and adaptive immunity. RESULTS: In TRAP4MET clinical trial CLG-CTCs were isolated in 8/8 patients with ovarian (OC), 6/8 with lung (LC), 6/8 with colorectal (CRC), 8/8 with endometrial (EC), 8/8 with renal (RCC) cancer and 5/8 with glioblastoma (GBM). In OC, LC and GBM, CLG isolated more CTCs than the conventional ScreenCell™ (CLG/SC ratio=1.88 for OC, 2.47 for LC and 11.89 for GBM). To dissect the in vivo efficacy of CLG, GFP-LLC were i.v. injected in C57/B6 mice five days later the s.c CLG or EG injection. Five days after CLG/EG gels and lungs were recovered. In CLG a lower % of total Macrophages (MΦ), inactive/precursor Tregs and higher % of M2-MΦ was observed compared to EG while no major differences were revealed in lungs from CLG/EG/CTRL groups. 4 hours post injection revealed in CLG a lower % of MΦ, lower inactive/precursor Tregs and a higher % of M2- MΦ and CXCR4+ MΦ versus EG. In correspondent CLG-lungs, lower % of mature neutrophils and inactive/progenitor Tregs as compared to EG-lung and CTRL-lung, respectively. 10 days post cells inoculation, CLG gels revealed again low total MΦ, low inactive/precursor Tregs and high M2-MΦ, CXCR4+ MΦ as to EG. The corresponding CLG-lungs displayed higher non-aged neutrophils and and NK cells, lower CXCR4+ MΦ, lower total neutrophils, lower aged (CXCR4+) neutrophils and lower inactive Tregs as compared to EG and CTRL, respectively. Consistently, GFP-LLC cells were higher in CLG compared to EG at either 4 hours and 10 days post cell injection while reduced in lungs of CLG-mice compared to EG- and CTRL-lungs mice at 4 hours and 10 days post cell inoculation, respectively. CONCLUSION: CLG may support OC, LC and GBM- CTC counting in cancers at today orphan of CTCs reliable methods. In vivo, CLG attracted GFL-LLC cells while reducing lung GFP-LLC cells as early as after 4 hours post cell inoculation. CLG/EG and correspondent lung analysis revealed an immunosuppressive microenvironment within CLG compared to EG reduced in the corresponding lungs. Citation Format: Giuseppe Guardascione, Luigi Portella, Dario Guido Di Febbraro, Giulia Bertolini, Giuseppina Rea, Caterina Ieranò, Crescenzo D'Alterio, Maria Napolitano, Sara Santagata, Anna Maria Trotta, Emilia Scarpa, Sabrina Chiara Cecere, Alessandro Ottaiano, Giuliano Palumbo, Alessandro Morabito, Teresa Somma, Roberto Pacelli, Sandro Pignata, Stefania Scala. CXCL12-loaded-hydrogel (CLG) in vivo modifies lung metastatic niche toward an immunoactive microenvironment reducing lung metastasis development [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 6815.
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Gou, Yuxiao, Zihan Wang, Yuhan Wei, Shengjun Sun, Meng Dong, Yongqi Kang, Jiansen Chang i Wenjie Chen. "Treatment of non-small cell lung cancer based on the theory of lungs as the blood organ". Journal of Clinical Technology and Theory 1, nr 1 (29.04.2024): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/3049-5458/1/2024003.

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Lung cancer has become one of the most common types of cancer, with high incidence and mortality rates persistently high. Among them, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is particularly common, accounting for up to 85% of lung cancer cases. NSCLC seriously endangers the health of people in China and around the world, and its specific causes are related to various factors such as smoking, radiation exposure, air pollution, and genetic factors. In traditional Chinese medicine, NSCLC belongs to the category of lung consolidation. Professor Zhang Wei believes that the lungs not only govern the qi of the body, but also play an important role in the generation and circulation of blood throughout the body, and has extensively expounded the viewpoint of lungs as the blood organ. This viewpoint is reflected in various functions of the lungs, such as the lungs controlling the hundred vessels, governing the storage of fluids, and controlling the skin and hair. The propulsion of lung qi also provides impetus for the normal circulation of blood. As the lungs serve as the blood organ and are prone to stasis, they are susceptible to the occurrence of lung consolidation. Therefore, the occurrence of NSCLC may be related to blood stasis in the lungs. Blood stasis is not only the pathological product of lung consolidation, but also the main cause of lung consolidation. It can be inferred that in the treatment of NSCLC, methods such as promoting blood circulation, dredging collaterals, and resolving phlegm and stasis should be adopted.
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Donkor, Michael A., Jamie Choe, Byron Quinn i Harlan P. Jones. "Abstract A53: Intranasal nanoparticulate PLGA cancer vaccine administration prevents secondary lung metastasis". Cancer Immunology Research 10, nr 12_Supplement (1.12.2022): A53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/2326-6074.tumimm22-a53.

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Abstract The lung is one of the most frequent sites of cancer metastasis. Because metastatic lung disease is usually associated with poor survivorship, decreasing secondary lung metastasis will decrease morbidity and mortality associated with cancer. Mitigating tumor immunosurveillance at metastatic sites such as the lung is essential for tumor progression and metastasis. As such, tumors developing elsewhere in the body take advantage of the natural tolerogenicity of the lung to establish immunosuppressive niches via tumor burden induce pre-metastatic niche formation to support lung metastasis. Here we tested the ability of an intranasal nano-vaccine administration to prevent the seeding of tumor cells in the lungs by pre-emptying tumor burden induced immunosuppression. Our hypothesis is that intranasal administration of cancer nano-vaccine will prevent secondary lung metastasis from an existing primary tumor. Because breast cancer is the one of the primary tumors with high propensity to metastasize to the lung, we used the syngeneic mouse breast tumor model to test our hypothesis. Our results showed that intranasal administration of our engineered nano-vaccine protected the lungs of female BALB/c mice from secondary lung metastasis after orthotopic implantation of murine 4T1 tumors. The protection was as a result of nano-vaccine induced antitumor immunity in the lungs. Mice that received the intranasal nano-vaccine had increased frequency of effector T-cells and increase accumulation of lung resident memory T-cell in their lungs. This coincided with increased frequency of IFN-g and granzyme B producing CD8+ T-cells following ex-vivo restimulation of lymphocytes from the lungs of previously immunized mice with tumor cell. These results demonstrate that cancer vaccines can still be part of an integrated cancer therapy where they can be used as a prophylactic approach to prevent secondary lung metastasis. Citation Format: Michael A Donkor, Jamie Choe, Byron Quinn, Harlan P Jones. Intranasal nanoparticulate PLGA cancer vaccine administration prevents secondary lung metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2022 Oct 21-24; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2022;10(12 Suppl):Abstract nr A53.
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Javed, Muhammad Ashar, Hannan Bin Liaqat, Talha Meraj, Aziz Alotaibi i Majid Alshammari. "Identification and Classification of Lungs Focal Opacity Using CNN Segmentation and Optimal Feature Selection". Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2023 (26.07.2023): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6357252.

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Lung cancer is one of the deadliest cancers around the world, with high mortality rate in comparison to other cancers. A lung cancer patient’s survival probability in late stages is very low. However, if it can be detected early, the patient survival rate can be improved. Diagnosing lung cancer early is a complicated task due to having the visual similarity of lungs nodules with trachea, vessels, and other surrounding tissues that leads toward misclassification of lung nodules. Therefore, correct identification and classification of nodules is required. Previous studies have used noisy features, which makes results comprising. A predictive model has been proposed to accurately detect and classify the lung nodules to address this problem. In the proposed framework, at first, the semantic segmentation was performed to identify the nodules in images in the Lungs image database consortium (LIDC) dataset. Optimal features for classification include histogram oriented gradients (HOGs), local binary patterns (LBPs), and geometric features are extracted after segmentation of nodules. The results shown that support vector machines performed better in identifying the nodules than other classifiers, achieving the highest accuracy of 97.8% with sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 93%, and false positive rate of 6.7%.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Lungs – Cancer"

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林華杰 i Wah-kit Lam. "A clinical and epidemiological study of carcinoma of lung in HongKong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1985. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31981264.

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Lian, Fuzhi. "The anti-carcinogenic effect of carotenoids against lung cancer /". Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 2006.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 2006.
Submitted to the School of Nutrition Science and Policy. Adviser: Xiang-Dong Wang. Includes bibliographical references. Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;
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Lee, Richard. "An improved system for lung cancer diagnosis using lung cell images". Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.

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Wong, Pui-sze. "The lived experience of Hong Kong Chinese men undergoing radiotherapy to treat lung cancer /". View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38296251.

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Yip, Tsz-chung. "The role of computed tomography volumetry in the assessment of advanced lung cancer and oesophageal cancer /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25205468.

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Wong, Wing-sze. "Fusion genes in non-small cell lung cancer". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43781378.

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Lam, Chi-leung David, i 林志良. "Oncogenic mutations as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in lung cancer". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207610.

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Oncogenic mutations in lung cancer further our knowledge about cancer initiation and progression, and may guide personalized treatment. The fact that targeted therapy is most effective in subsets of patients with defined molecular targets indicates the need for classification of clinically-related molecular tumor phenotypes based on the presence of oncogenic mutations, including EGFR mutations and EML4-ALK rearrangements. The identification of EGFR mutations, in up to half of lung adenocarcinomas in Asians, could predict clinical sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). However, testing for mutations is not always possible due to tumor tissue availability. The therapeutic decision sometimes remains a clinical one especially for elderly lung cancer patients but no known mutation status. We studied the survival outcomes of targeted therapy versus conventional chemotherapy in elderly patients with lung cancer when we did not yet have routine EGFR mutation testing and demonstrated comparable survival outcomes in targeted therapy compared to chemotherapy, implying that survival with targeted therapy could be better if the treatment population could be selected with EGFR mutations. Though testing for EGFR mutation in tumor biopsy have later become routine practice and remains the accepted reference for therapeutic decision, the detection of EGFR mutations in plasma DNA with high diagnostic performance will be useful adjunct for diagnostic and therapeutic monitoring. Among patients with EGFR mutations in tumor biopsy, the concurrent detection of EGFR mutation in plasma DNA was found to confer a less favorable prognosis in terms of overall survival than those patients with EGFR mutations in tumor biopsy but the corresponding mutation was not detected in plasma. Other oncogenic mutations with therapeutic implications in lung tumors are yet to be fully explored, like ALK, KRAS, ROS1 or NTRK1 mutations. It is not exactly the tumor – but the mutations in the tumor that need to be explored with reference to clinical behavior. Even with EGFR mutation with well-established clinical implications, further exploration into its mechanistic functions will help in understanding of drug resistance. Lung cancer cell lines established from patients with known mutation profiles could be useful tools for studying the biology of known molecular targets as well as for therapeutic testing. Four new lung adenocarcinoma and one mesothelioma cell lines were established from patients with different clinical characteristics and oncogenic mutation profiles. These cell lines with defined mutation profiles will provide tools for exploration of lung cancer and mesothelioma biology with respect to molecular therapeutic targets. The Large Tumor Suppressor 2 (LATS2) gene was a differentially expressed gene between EGFR mutant and wildtype lung adenocarcinomas. The differential LATS2 expression levels were predictive of survival in patients with resected lung AD and may modulate tumor growth via different signaling pathways in EGFR mutant and wild-type tumors. The identification of oncogenic mutations has led to a new paradigm of targeted therapy in lung cancer. Further improvements in outcome of lung cancer management will stem from research into the biology of oncogenic mutations and their clinico-pathological correlations, which would fuel parallel development of clinically efficacious targeted therapies.
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Medicine
Master
Doctor of Medicine
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Li, Yuanyuan, i 李园园. "The role of autophagy on targeted therapy in lung adenocarcinoma : in vitro and in vivo models". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/208609.

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Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) causes most of the cancer deaths worldwide. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), like erlotinib and crizotinib, are commonly used as specific treatments targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged NSCLC. Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular process in response to stress. Tumor microenvironment (TME) is composed of both tumor cells and stromal cells. This study aimed to investigate whether autophagy could confer intrinsic and acquired resistance to TKIs in NSCLC, and its role in the presence of TME or in animal models. In the first part of this study, the effect of EGFR TKI or ALK TKI on sensitive NSCLC cells to generate autophagy was investigated, and manipulation of autophagy in these cell lines was performed. Autophagy inhibition was shown to enhance apoptotic effect of TKIs in sensitive NSCLC cells. This part provided strong evidence that TKIs and autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) work synergistically in sensitive NSCLC cells. Autophagy induction by erlotinib treatment was observed in a HCC827 (lung adenocarcinoma, EGFR exon 19 del) xenograft model, which was in line with the in vitro observation. Correspondingly, the combination of erlotinib (12.5 mg/kg) with CQ (50 mg/kg) in the HCC827 xenograft model achieved greater tumor growth suppression, compared with single drug treatments. In the second part of this study, a model of TME was established to allow study of autophagy under such circumstances. An activated TME with cytokine production, autophagy induction and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was generated by co-culturing NSCLC cells and human fibroblasts. Sensitivity to TKI under TME was not affected, and combination of chloroquine with TKI under TME remained synergistic compared with single treatments. In the third part of this study, erlotinib-resistant (ER) HCC827 cells were acquired by stepwise exposure to increasing concentrations of erlotinib in cell culture. Common acquired resistance mechanisms to EGFR TKI (EGFR T790M or c-MET amplification) were excluded in this ER HCC827 model, except EMT. Autophagy status in ER HCC827 cells was studied and autophagy manipulation was performed. It was found that CQ and erlotinib worked synergistically to induce cell death even in ER HCC827 cells. In an ER HCC827 xenograft model, significant degree of autophagy and EMT was evident. Interestingly, combining erlotinib (25 mg/kg) with CQ (50 mg/kg) showed better inhibitory effect on tumor growth compared with single treatments. In summary, TKIs induced both apoptosis and autophagy in EGFR-mutated and ALK-rearranged NSCLC cells. Autophagy inhibition by CQ enhanced TKI-induced cell death in sensitive cells. The presence of TME did not confer TKI resistance. Autophagy was highly activated in EGFR-mutated NSCLC cells with acquired resistance to erlotinib. Combination of CQ with erlotinib remained synergistic in the presence of TME and acquired resistance, both in vitro and in vivo.
published_or_final_version
Medicine
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Tam, Gloria. "Non-small cell lung cancer clinical trials on new medicines". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41711956.

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柳言樺 i Yin-wah Lau. "Mutation and expression analysis of PTEN in non-small cell lung cancerfrom non-smokers". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41650931.

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Książki na temat "Lungs – Cancer"

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A, Roth Jack, Cox James D. 1938- i Hong Waun Ki, red. Lung cancer. Boston: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1993.

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Joseph, Aisner, red. Lung cancer. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1985.

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West, Brandon S., i Donna R. Stanley. Lung cancer treatment. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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Hirsch, Fred R. Lung cancer. London: Remedica, 2010.

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D, Hunt Ian M., Muers Martin F i Treasure Tom, red. ABC of lung cancer. Malden, Mass: Blackwell Pub., 2008.

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Ginsberg, Robert J. Lung cancer. Hamilton, Ont: BC Decker, 2002.

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I, Pass Harvey, red. Lung cancer: Principles and practice. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1996.

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Høi, Hansen Heine, red. Lung cancer: Textbook for general practitioners. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1990.

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N, Powers Evelyn, i Cabbot Jasmina B, red. Smoking and lung cancer. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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A, Bunn Paul, red. Current topics in lung cancer. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1991.

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Części książek na temat "Lungs – Cancer"

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Langer, Corey J., i Jared Weiss. "Chemotherapy for the Lungs". W Image-Guided Cancer Therapy, 607–16. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0751-6_43.

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Al Alwan, Nada A. S. "General Oncology Care in Iraq". W Cancer in the Arab World, 63–82. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7945-2_5.

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AbstractThe estimated population of Iraq (40,222,493 in 2020) continues to grow at a rate of 2.4% per year; only 5% is over 60 years with a life expectancy approaching 72 years. There are 18 governorates in Iraq. Before 1990, Iraq had the most robust healthcare system in the Middle East. The consequences of the successive wars and political instability yielded a significant shortage in the medical resources and funds. Currently, the government spends 6–7% of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on the health sector, providing free of charge services to all citizens through a network of primary healthcare centers and public hospitals. The Iraqi Cancer Board of the Ministry of Health is responsible for implementing the National Cancer Control Plan (NCCP). The latest Iraqi Cancer Registry revealed that the top recorded malignancies among the population are the breast, bronchus, and lungs followed by colorectal cancers, whereas the most common causes of malignant related deaths are cancers of the bronchus and lungs, breast, and leukemia. Overall, there are over 40 public cancer care facilities distributed among the governorates. This chapter illustrates the general oncology care in Iraq; highlighting the implemented elements of the NCCP, the offered specialized cancer services, and the international collaborations on cancer control and research.
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Rao, Nagarjun, Cesar Moran i Saul Suster. "Tumors of the Lungs and Pleura". W Cancer Grading Manual, 31–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34516-6_3.

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Timmermann, Carsten. "Lungs in the Operating Theatre, circa 1900 to 1950". W A History of Lung Cancer, 34–63. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137384232_3.

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Ramesh, Rajagopal, i Anupama Munshi. "Exosomes-Based Drug Delivery for Lung Cancer Treatment". W Organ Specific Drug Delivery and Targeting to the Lungs, 485–506. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003182566-20.

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Abdelaziz, Hadeer M., Mohamed Teleb, Sherine N. Khattab, Adnan A. Bekhit, Kadria A. Elkhodairy i Ahmed O. Elzoghby. "Recent Advances in Inhalable Nanomedicine for Lung Cancer Therapy". W Organ Specific Drug Delivery and Targeting to the Lungs, 239–70. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003182566-11.

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Marleau, S., C. Fortin i P. Borgeat. "In Vivo Desensitization to LTB4-Induced Neutrophil Sequestration in Rabbit Lungs". W Eicosanoids and Other Bioactive Lipids in Cancer, Inflammation and Radiation Injury, 261–63. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3520-1_51.

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Rehman, Muhammad Zubair, Nazri Mohd Nawi, Aisha Tanveer, Hassan Zafar, Hamza Munir i Sher Hassan. "Lungs Cancer Nodules Detection from CT Scan Images with Convolutional Neural Networks". W Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 382–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36056-6_36.

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Agrusa, Jennifer E., i Andrew C. Dietz. "Pulmonary Toxicity: Causes and Course of Severe Late Effects in the Lungs of Young Cancer Patients". W Late Treatment Effects and Cancer Survivor Care in the Young, 61–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49140-6_6.

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Dominic, Denny, i Krishnan Balachandran. "A Deep Learning Approach in Early Prediction of Lungs Cancer from the 2D Image Scan with Gini Index". W Data Science and Security, 107–14. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5309-7_11.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Lungs – Cancer"

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Patel, Sagar S., Ramesh Natarajan i Rebecca L. Heise. "Mechanotransduction of Primary Cilia in Lung Adenocarcinoma". W ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80435.

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Lung cancer causes more than 1 million deaths worldwide annually [1]. In a recent study by the American Cancer Society in 2011, more than 221,000 new cases of lung cancers were reported [2]. Out of these, the mortality rate was found in roughly 70% of the cases [2]. Lung cancer is divided into two major categories: small cell and non-small cell. In the United States, non-small cell lung cancer accounts for 85% of all lung cancers and is considered the most common type of lung cancer [2]. It is usually resistant to chemotherapy, therefore making it extremely difficult to treat [3]. Furthermore adenocarcinomas, a type of non-small cell lung cancer, occur towards the periphery of the lungs and are the most common type accounting for 40–45% of all lung cancer cases [3]. Epithelial cells in the healthy lungs undergo stresses during inhalation and expiration of normal breathing. In addition to the forces of normal breathing, lung cancer cells may also experience abnormal mechanical forces due to pre-existing lung diseases such as asthma, bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or other tumor associated structural changes. These conditions can significantly alter the structure of the lungs and cell phenotype [4]. The change in the structure of the lungs affects the mechanical environment of the cells. Changes in extracellular (ECM) stiffness, cell stretch, and shear stress influence tumorigenesis and metastasis [5]. One mechanism through which the cells sense and respond to the cellular mechanical environment is through the primary cilia [6–7]. Primary cilia are non-motile, solitary structures formed from the cellular microtubules and protrude out of each cell. They have also been shown to play an important role in facilitating common cancer signaling pathways such as Sonic Hedgehog and Wnt/β-catenin signaling [8–9]. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that lung cancer cells respond to mechanical stimuli with the formation of primary cilia that are necessary for 3 hallmarks of tumor progression: proliferation, epithelial mesenchymal-transition, and migration.
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Ludeke, D. Taylor, i Maj Dedin Mirmirani. "The Pulling Device for a Flexible Bronchoscope". W ASME 2006 Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nanobio2006-18045.

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The flexible bronchoscope, used both to directly visualize and biopsy lesions, is an important tool for diagnosing lung cancer [1]. Presented here is a conceptual design for a device that increases the depth to which the scope can be fed into the lungs. This allows doctors to find and accurately diagnose more cases of lung cancer first occurring deeper in the lungs.
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Monif, Mamdouh, Kinan Mansour, Waad Ammar i Maan Ammar. "Automatic Detection and Extraction of Lungs Cancer Nodules Using Connected Components Labeling and Distance Measure Based Classification". W 11th International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology (CCSIT 2021). AIRCC Publishing Corporation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2021.110705.

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We introduce in this paper a method for reliable automatic extraction of lung area from CT chest images with a wide variety of lungs image shapes by using Connected Components Labeling (CCL) technique with some morphological operations. The paper introduces also a method using the CCL technique with distance measure based classification for the efficient detection of lungs nodules from extracted lung area. We further tested our complete detection and extraction approach using a performance consistency check by applying it to lungs CT images of healthy persons (contain no nodules). The experimental results have shown that the performance of the method in all stages is high.
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Sztejnberg, Manuel L., i Tatjana Jevremovic. "Advanced Application of BNCT in Advanced Cancers". W 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75906.

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We present a new concept of one form of radiation binary targeted therapy that may offer hope for the often fatal relapsed and/or metastasized HER2+ cancers. The idea is to deliver boronated (boron-10 isotope) anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to the patient to be deposited preferentially into the tumor followed by one session of a low energy neutron irradiation. Based on actual computed tomography data, we present the comprehensive theoretical (numerical) modeling of the new approach in designing the treatment conditions for the boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) using the MITRII-FCB neutron beam facility. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed treatment option for the advanced breast cancers and the metastasized breast cancers in the lungs of a patient. Our theoretical analysis concludes that with a boron concentration of ∼316 μg/g in tumor and a tumor-to-healthy tissue boron concentration ratio of 35:1, this new BNCT breast cancer treatment can be performed with very low doses to normal tissue and 50 Gy, or higher, doses delivered to the tumor regions. In particular, when applied to the breast cancer treatment, the resulting doses to skin and lung remain under the tolerance dose values. We also went beyond the traditional application of the BNCT and analyzed its applicability in targeting the metastasized breast cancer; using the same theoretical approach we determined the doses delivered into the patient lung with scattered cancer loci.
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Eom, Jaesung, Chengyu Shi, George Xu i Suvranu De. "Development of a Patient-Specific Nonlinear Finite Element Model for the Simulation of Lung Motion During Cancer Radiation Therapy". W ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206169.

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Respiratory motion causes either over-dose to the tumor or under-dose to the organ at risk in radiation therapy treatment for cancer. In order to characterize the motion, a nonlinear finite element model of the lungs has been developed based on 4D computed tomography (CT) data of a cancer patient with a tumor in the right lung. Pressure-volume (PV) curve data was applied to deform the model in real time. Realistic results are obtained when contact conditions are imposed between the pleura and the thoracic cavity.
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Legband, Nathan, Jameel Feshitan, Mark Borden i Benjamin Terry. "Living Without Breathing: A Study in Extrapulmonary Respiration Using a Novel Oxygen Carrier". W ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14735.

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Pulmonary failure results when the lungs experience significant damage and are unable to supply the body and brain with oxygen. Pulmonary failure has many causes including lung cancer, physical trauma, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), aerosolized bioterrorism agents and diseases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), pneumonia, and tuberculosis [1,2].
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Stokol, Tracy, Mandy B. Esch, Nozomi Nishimura, Chris Schaffer, Janelle L. Daddona, David J. Post i Dhruv P. Desai. "Little Channels, Big Disease: Using Microfluidics to Investigate Cancer Metastasis". W ASME 2011 9th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2011-58298.

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The leading cause of death in human patients with malignant cancer is the dissemination of the primary tumor to secondary sites throughout the body. It is well known that cancers metastasize to certain tissues (e.g. breast cancer typically spreads to the lungs. brain and bone), in a pattern that cannot be explained by blood flow from the primary tumor or simple mechanical arrest. Circulating tumor cells usually arrest in the microvasculature of target tissues. At these sites, they must adhere to the endothelium, survive, proliferate and extravasate in order to form a secondary tumor. In vitro tools that appropriately mimic the microvasculature in which cancer metastasis occurs have been largely unavailable. With the advent of microfluidic and nanotechnology, we can now more accurately model the complexity of the microvascular environment, in terms of representative endothelial cells, geometry, shear stress and exposure to organ-specific environmental cues. This talk will focus on the use of microfluidic devices to explore mechanisms involved in tumor-endothelial cell interactions that govern cancer metastasis to organ specific sites.
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Abbas, Waseem, Khan Bahadar Khan, Muhammad Aqeel, Muhammad Adeel Azam, Muhammad Hamza Ghouri i Fawwad Hassan Jaskani. "Lungs Nodule Cancer Detection Using Statistical Techniques". W 2020 IEEE 23rd International Multitopic Conference (INMIC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/inmic50486.2020.9318181.

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El-Aklouk, E., A. M. Al-Jumaily i S. Henry. "Feasibility of Delivering a Novel Synthetic Membrane Anchor to the Deep Lungs". W ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67056.

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Over recent years, respiratory drug delivery research has broadened to include a wide range of potential applications such as delivering drugs not only into the lung but across it. This includes both current and novel therapies. Comprehensive characterisation of drug delivery to the lungs is a complex task involving the determination of delivered and deposited dose. The main aim of this research is to study the feasibility of nebulising a new novel synthetic molecule that spontaneously and stably incorporate into the lipid bi-layers including cell membranes to a size suitable for delivery to the deep lungs. An electronic inverted microscope is used to view the particles nebulised by a jet nebulizer. A high speed video camera is mounted onto the microscope to view the magnified (400x) particles as they fly at 500 frames per second. Extensive image analysis and particle detection algorithms show that the new synthetic membrane anchor can be nebulised to an appropriate size (3 to 12 microns) and hence can be used as a carrier of target specific medication to the lungs. This may include the delivery of cancer, pulmonary disease and inhalation damage drugs to specific sites where treatment is required. The molecule could also be used for diagnostic purposes as a site specific marker for a particular disease in the lungs.
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Kuru, Dindi. "Braving Uncertainty in the Quest for a Cure: Cancer Care Access During the COVID-19 National Lockdown". W 4th International Conference on Public Health and Well-being. iConferences (Pvt) Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32789/publichealth.2022.1012.

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This paper examines cancer care access during the nationwide lockdown due to COVID-19 in two states of India’s northeast. A semi-structured interview was conducted by purposive sampling of fifteen participants with cancers of the oral, lungs, stomach, breast and cervix, six key informant oncologists and four Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) facilitating cancer services. Ethical clearances were received from the study institutes. The data was coded and transcribed verbatim on emerging themes. The emerging themes were treatment delay, financial constraint, alternative medicine and bridging gaps by NGOs. Whereas, if financial status hampered access, harassment on availing care was encountered with choosing herbal medication in fear of chemotherapy, surgery and testimonials of relatives. However, support through NGO collaborations enhanced care efficiency for the health systems and cancer patients alike during the challenging times due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Lessons learnt during the COVID-19 pandemic extend beyond the functioning of a robust health system. Collaboration via sectors became pronounced during this uncertainty, thus, emerging resource pooling and zeal to take charge of one’s health. Cancer institutes could magnify these lessons on strengthening health systems for combating unforeseen pandemics. Keywords: cancer, COVID-19, India
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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Lungs – Cancer"

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Freire, Mariana, Diana Martins, Maria Filomena Botelho i Fernando Mendes. Biomarkers of resistance mechanisms in innovative lung cancer treatments - A systematic Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, wrzesień 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0011.

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Review question / Objective: This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the immunotherapy resistance mechanisms and identify potential biomarkers associated with immunotherapy response in NSCLC, as well as examine new treatment options to overcome this hurdle. Condition being studied: Lung Cancer (LC) remains one of the leading cancers worldwide. In 2020, were globally estimated 2 206 771 new cases and 1 796 144 deaths, representing the uttermost frequent cause of cancer death. LC is classified histologically into small cell lung cancer (SCLC) or non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), being the last one the most common, representing 80 to 85% of all LC. The three predominantly subtypes of NSCLC are lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) and large cell carcinoma (LCLC). NSCLC is usually diagnosed in advanced-staged disease due to ambiguous and delayed severe symptoms.
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Kang, Jing, Jun Zhang, Zongsheng Tian, Ye Xu, Jiangbi Li i Mingxina Li. The efficacy and safety of immune-checkpoint inhibitor plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, maj 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0156.

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Review question / Objective: Population: histologically confirmed advanced NSCLC patients; Intervention: received immune-checkpoint inhibitor plus chemotherapy; Comparison:received chemotherapy; Outcome: reported OS, PFS, ORR and TRAEs; Study design: RCT. Condition being studied: Lung cancer is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths, with an estimated 2.20 million new cases and 1.79 million deaths every year, and 85% of all primary lung cancers are non-small cell lung cancer. Eligibility criteria: Studies were considered eligible if they met the following criteria: (1) being an randomized controlled trial published in English, (2) histologically confirmed advanced NSCLC patients, (3) reported OS, PFS, ORR and TRAEs, (4) the intervention group received immune-checkpoint inhibitor plus chemotherapy, while the control group received chemotherapy, (5) When numerous papers reporting the same trial were found, the most current or most complete publications were chosen. The following were the exclusion criteria: (1) duplicate articles, (2) reviews, meta-analyses, case reports, editorials and letters, (3) molecular biology or animal research, (4) retrospective or prospective observational cohort studies.
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Wang, Yan, Wenpeng Song, Sicheng Zhou, Jie Tian, Yingxian Dong, Jue Li, Junke Chang i in. Increased risk for subsequent primary lung cancer among female hormone-related cancer patients: a meta-analysis based on over four million cases. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, lipiec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.7.0044.

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Review question / Objective: To identify the risk of lung cancer in FHRC patients compared to the general population. Condition being studied: The incidence rate of lung cancer in women is obviously increasing over the past decade and previous evidence have indicated the significant relationship between disturbances in hormone levels and the risk of lung cancer. Therefore, we hypothesized female hormone-related cancer (FHRC), including the breast, endometrial, cervix, and ovary cancer, patients may experience a higher risk of developing subsequent lung cancer.
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Rankin, Nicole, Deborah McGregor, Candice Donnelly, Bethany Van Dort, Richard De Abreu Lourenco, Anne Cust i Emily Stone. Lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography for high risk populations: Investigating effectiveness and screening program implementation considerations: An Evidence Check rapid review brokered by the Sax Institute (www.saxinstitute.org.au) for the Cancer Institute NSW. The Sax Institute, październik 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/clzt5093.

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Background Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer death worldwide.(1) It is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia (12,741 cases diagnosed in 2018) and the leading cause of cancer death.(2) The number of years of potential life lost to lung cancer in Australia is estimated to be 58,450, similar to that of colorectal and breast cancer combined.(3) While tobacco control strategies are most effective for disease prevention in the general population, early detection via low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening in high-risk populations is a viable option for detecting asymptomatic disease in current (13%) and former (24%) Australian smokers.(4) The purpose of this Evidence Check review is to identify and analyse existing and emerging evidence for LDCT lung cancer screening in high-risk individuals to guide future program and policy planning. Evidence Check questions This review aimed to address the following questions: 1. What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 2. What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 3. What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? 4. What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Summary of methods The authors searched the peer-reviewed literature across three databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase) for existing systematic reviews and original studies published between 1 January 2009 and 8 August 2019. Fifteen systematic reviews (of which 8 were contemporary) and 64 original publications met the inclusion criteria set across the four questions. Key findings Question 1: What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? There is sufficient evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of combined (pooled) data from screening trials (of high-risk individuals) to indicate that LDCT examination is clinically effective in reducing lung cancer mortality. In 2011, the landmark National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST, a large-scale randomised controlled trial [RCT] conducted in the US) reported a 20% (95% CI 6.8% – 26.7%; P=0.004) relative reduction in mortality among long-term heavy smokers over three rounds of annual screening. High-risk eligibility criteria was defined as people aged 55–74 years with a smoking history of ≥30 pack-years (years in which a smoker has consumed 20-plus cigarettes each day) and, for former smokers, ≥30 pack-years and have quit within the past 15 years.(5) All-cause mortality was reduced by 6.7% (95% CI, 1.2% – 13.6%; P=0.02). Initial data from the second landmark RCT, the NEderlands-Leuvens Longkanker Screenings ONderzoek (known as the NELSON trial), have found an even greater reduction of 26% (95% CI, 9% – 41%) in lung cancer mortality, with full trial results yet to be published.(6, 7) Pooled analyses, including several smaller-scale European LDCT screening trials insufficiently powered in their own right, collectively demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in lung cancer mortality (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.91).(8) Despite the reduction in all-cause mortality found in the NLST, pooled analyses of seven trials found no statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90–1.00).(8) However, cancer-specific mortality is currently the most relevant outcome in cancer screening trials. These seven trials demonstrated a significantly greater proportion of early stage cancers in LDCT groups compared with controls (RR 2.08, 95% CI 1.43–3.03). Thus, when considering results across mortality outcomes and early stage cancers diagnosed, LDCT screening is considered to be clinically effective. Question 2: What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? The harms of LDCT lung cancer screening include false positive tests and the consequences of unnecessary invasive follow-up procedures for conditions that are eventually diagnosed as benign. While LDCT screening leads to an increased frequency of invasive procedures, it does not result in greater mortality soon after an invasive procedure (in trial settings when compared with the control arm).(8) Overdiagnosis, exposure to radiation, psychological distress and an impact on quality of life are other known harms. Systematic review evidence indicates the benefits of LDCT screening are likely to outweigh the harms. The potential harms are likely to be reduced as refinements are made to LDCT screening protocols through: i) the application of risk predication models (e.g. the PLCOm2012), which enable a more accurate selection of the high-risk population through the use of specific criteria (beyond age and smoking history); ii) the use of nodule management algorithms (e.g. Lung-RADS, PanCan), which assist in the diagnostic evaluation of screen-detected nodules and cancers (e.g. more precise volumetric assessment of nodules); and, iii) more judicious selection of patients for invasive procedures. Recent evidence suggests a positive LDCT result may transiently increase psychological distress but does not have long-term adverse effects on psychological distress or health-related quality of life (HRQoL). With regards to smoking cessation, there is no evidence to suggest screening participation invokes a false sense of assurance in smokers, nor a reduction in motivation to quit. The NELSON and Danish trials found no difference in smoking cessation rates between LDCT screening and control groups. Higher net cessation rates, compared with general population, suggest those who participate in screening trials may already be motivated to quit. Question 3: What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? There are no systematic reviews that capture the main components of recent major lung cancer screening trials and programs. We extracted evidence from original studies and clinical guidance documents and organised this into key groups to form a concise set of components for potential implementation of a national lung cancer screening program in Australia: 1. Identifying the high-risk population: recruitment, eligibility, selection and referral 2. Educating the public, people at high risk and healthcare providers; this includes creating awareness of lung cancer, the benefits and harms of LDCT screening, and shared decision-making 3. Components necessary for health services to deliver a screening program: a. Planning phase: e.g. human resources to coordinate the program, electronic data systems that integrate medical records information and link to an established national registry b. Implementation phase: e.g. human and technological resources required to conduct LDCT examinations, interpretation of reports and communication of results to participants c. Monitoring and evaluation phase: e.g. monitoring outcomes across patients, radiological reporting, compliance with established standards and a quality assurance program 4. Data reporting and research, e.g. audit and feedback to multidisciplinary teams, reporting outcomes to enhance international research into LDCT screening 5. Incorporation of smoking cessation interventions, e.g. specific programs designed for LDCT screening or referral to existing community or hospital-based services that deliver cessation interventions. Most original studies are single-institution evaluations that contain descriptive data about the processes required to establish and implement a high-risk population-based screening program. Across all studies there is a consistent message as to the challenges and complexities of establishing LDCT screening programs to attract people at high risk who will receive the greatest benefits from participation. With regards to smoking cessation, evidence from one systematic review indicates the optimal strategy for incorporating smoking cessation interventions into a LDCT screening program is unclear. There is widespread agreement that LDCT screening attendance presents a ‘teachable moment’ for cessation advice, especially among those people who receive a positive scan result. Smoking cessation is an area of significant research investment; for instance, eight US-based clinical trials are now underway that aim to address how best to design and deliver cessation programs within large-scale LDCT screening programs.(9) Question 4: What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Assessing the value or cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening involves a complex interplay of factors including data on effectiveness and costs, and institutional context. A key input is data about the effectiveness of potential and current screening programs with respect to case detection, and the likely outcomes of treating those cases sooner (in the presence of LDCT screening) as opposed to later (in the absence of LDCT screening). Evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening programs has been summarised in two systematic reviews. We identified a further 13 studies—five modelling studies, one discrete choice experiment and seven articles—that used a variety of methods to assess cost-effectiveness. Three modelling studies indicated LDCT screening was cost-effective in the settings of the US and Europe. Two studies—one from Australia and one from New Zealand—reported LDCT screening would not be cost-effective using NLST-like protocols. We anticipate that, following the full publication of the NELSON trial, cost-effectiveness studies will likely be updated with new data that reduce uncertainty about factors that influence modelling outcomes, including the findings of indeterminate nodules. Gaps in the evidence There is a large and accessible body of evidence as to the effectiveness (Q1) and harms (Q2) of LDCT screening for lung cancer. Nevertheless, there are significant gaps in the evidence about the program components that are required to implement an effective LDCT screening program (Q3). Questions about LDCT screening acceptability and feasibility were not explicitly included in the scope. However, as the evidence is based primarily on US programs and UK pilot studies, the relevance to the local setting requires careful consideration. The Queensland Lung Cancer Screening Study provides feasibility data about clinical aspects of LDCT screening but little about program design. The International Lung Screening Trial is still in the recruitment phase and findings are not yet available for inclusion in this Evidence Check. The Australian Population Based Screening Framework was developed to “inform decision-makers on the key issues to be considered when assessing potential screening programs in Australia”.(10) As the Framework is specific to population-based, rather than high-risk, screening programs, there is a lack of clarity about transferability of criteria. However, the Framework criteria do stipulate that a screening program must be acceptable to “important subgroups such as target participants who are from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, people from disadvantaged groups and people with a disability”.(10) An extensive search of the literature highlighted that there is very little information about the acceptability of LDCT screening to these population groups in Australia. Yet they are part of the high-risk population.(10) There are also considerable gaps in the evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening in different settings, including Australia. The evidence base in this area is rapidly evolving and is likely to include new data from the NELSON trial and incorporate data about the costs of targeted- and immuno-therapies as these treatments become more widely available in Australia.
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Zhang, Chunxi, Fangfang Xie, Runchang Li, Ningxin Cui i Jiayuan Sun. Robotic-assisted bronchoscopy for the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, wrzesień 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0115.

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Review question / Objective: What is the overall diagnostic yield and complication rate of robotic-assisted bronchoscopy for peripheral pulmonary lesions? Condition being studied: Many of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs) may represent early-stage lung cancer. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality globally. Early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer are crucial for a better prognosis. With the widespread use of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT), the detection rate of PPLs is increasing. As a result, the number of PPLs requiring biopsy is progressively increasing. Transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) and transthoracic needle aspiration (TTNA) are the main modalities of non-surgical biopsy for PPLs. TTNA has a diagnostic yield of 90%, however, it also has a pneumothorax rate of 25%. Since TBLB avoids destroying the structure of normal pleura and lung tissue, the incidence of complications is lower. Unfortunately, traditional flexible bronchoscopy has a modest sensitivity of 34% and 63% for lesions 2 cm, respectively. The advent of guided bronchoscopy has increased the diagnostic yield to 70%. However, there is still a gap in diagnostic yield compared with TTNA. The advent of robotic-assisted bronchoscopy (RAB) is expected to further improve the diagnostic yield of TBLB for PPLs. However, the diagnostic performance of RAB for PPLs has not reached a consensus.
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Liu, JIe, Xu-li Yang, Xing Liu, Yan Xu i He-lang Huang. Predictors of readmission after pulmonary resection in patients with lung cancer. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, październik 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.10.0049.

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Review question / Objective: At present, risk factors for readmission after pulmonary resection in patients with lung cancer are still not fully elucidated, and related studies have shown inconclusive results. We conducted a meta-analysis of the existing literature with the aim of clarifying the risk factors for readmission and providing evidence for the prevention of readmission after surgical resection in patients with lung cancer. Eligibility criteria: Included articles needed to meet the following criteria: (I) the full article could be retrieved and had sufficient data for extraction; (II) the study focused on risk factors for readmission after pulmonary resection for lung cancer; and (III) patients were readmitted to the same institution. Studies were excluded if: (I) they were abstracts, letters, reviews, or case reports; (II) patients were readmitted to the emergency department or there was early return to the clinic; and (III) study contained repeated data or did not report the outcomes of interest.
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ZHAO, JIE, LIANHUA YE, WEI WANG, YANTAO YANG, ZHENGHAI SHEN i SUNYIN RAO. Surgical Prognostic Factors of Second Primary Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, listopad 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0047.

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Review question / Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the effects of different surgical strategies and potential prognostic factors on the prognosis of patients with SPLC through a systematic review and meta-analysis.Prognostic factors included surgical approach, type of SPLC(Synchronous and metachronous),histology,disease-free interval (DFI),tumor size,CT morphology, lymph node metastasis status, smoking status, gender. Condition being studied: With the development of imaging technology and better survival after primary lung cancer, the detection rate of second primary lung cancer (SPLC) has been increasing. At present, the staging and treatment of the second primary lung cancer are still controversial. Although surgery is widely accepted as the main treatment method, there is no unified diagnostic criteria and diagnosis and treatment strategy. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of different surgical strategies and potential prognostic factors on the prognosis of patients with SPLC through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
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Deng, Chun, Zhenyu Zhang, Zhi Guo, Hengduo Qi, Yang Liu, Haimin Xiao i Xiaojun Li. Assessment of intraoperative use of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging on the number of lymph node dissection during minimally invasive gastrectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, listopad 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.11.0062.

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Review question / Objective: Whether is indocyanine green fluorescence imaging-guided lymphadenectomy feasible to improve the number of lymph node dissections during radical gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer undergoing curative resection? Condition being studied: Gastric cancer was the sixth most common malignant tumor and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. Radical lymphadenectomy was a standard procedure in radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer. The retrieval of more lymph nodes was beneficial for improving the accuracy of tumor staging and the long-term survival of patients with gastric cancer. Indocyanine green(ICG) near-infrared fluorescent imaging has been found to provide surgeons with effective visualization of the lymphatic anatomy. As a new surgical navigation technique, ICG near-infrared fluorescent imaging was a hot spot and had already demonstrated promising results in the localization of lymph nodes during surgery in patients with breast cancer, non–small cell lung cancer, and gastric cancer. In addition, ICG had increasingly been reported in the localization of tumor, lymph node dissection, and the evaluation of anastomotic blood supply during radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer. However, it remained unclear whether ICG fluorescence imaging would assist surgeons in performing safe and sufficient lymphadenectomy.
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Danny Colombara, Danny Colombara. Viral Causes of Lung Cancer. Experiment, grudzień 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/0065.

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Ly, Lena, Jennifer Philip, Peter Hudson i Natasha Smallwood. Singing for people with advance chronic respiratory diseases: a qualitative meta-synthesis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, sierpień 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0017.

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Review question / Objective: This study undertook a meta-synthesis of qualitative data with the aim of collating, synthesizing, and evaluating the current evidence regarding the experiences of singing for people with advanced chronic respiratory disease. Condition being studied: Advanced respiratory illnesses are disorders that impact the airways and other structures of the lung. People with lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and interstitial lung disease (ILD) frequently experience progressive, frightening breathlessness, cough and fatigue, which affect their quality of life. Furthermore, people with advanced chronic respiratory disease (CRD) and their carers experience a high prevalence of loneliness and uncertainty, especially if breathlessness is felt to herald death and thus, require both psychological and practical supportive care to cope with their symptoms.
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