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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Low Pressure Systeams”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 6 września 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Low Pressure Systeams"

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Mostafa, H., i H. H. Thörmann. "On-farm evaluation of low-pressure drip irrigation system for smallholders". Soil and Water Research 8, No. 2 (15.05.2013): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/29/2012-swr.

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The aim of this paper was to evaluate the performance of a low-pressure drip system (LPS) for three years of service, to calculate the consumptive working time and costs of maintenance and laterals retrieving before harvesting and to determine benefits and problems with drip irrigation. Drip irrigation provides the opportunity to save water and the potential to increase net income by applying water at the right quantity and at the right time. Small to medium fields would benefit from the LPS irrigation system which has the ability to distribute the amount of water applied. LPS is a well-researched system for drip irrigation, typically that available for furrow irrigated crops. There are significant agronomic advantages of using a low-pressure, low-flow drip system. These advantages translate into measured improved distribution uniformity when compared to flood irrigated crops and energy savings compared to flood and sprinkler irrigated crops. The old (reused) drip line leads to a decrease in distribution uniformity and an increase in costs, when the distribution uniformity decreased by 10.5 and 21.6% for reusing the laterals in the second and third year, respectively. Moreover, the cost of repairing laterals was more than 5 and 6.5 times higher for both the 2<sup>nd</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> season. Many disadvantages of drip lines retrieval can be observed, because labour and maintenance are more intensive; there is a risk of mechanical damage to laterals especially if they are reused; increased management skills and experience are needed; and increased retrieval costs arise season after season.

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Lappegard, Gaute, i Jack Kohler. "Determination of basal hydraulic systems based on subglacial high-pressure pump experiments". Annals of Glaciology 40 (2005): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756405781813681.

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AbstractWe have conducted short-term pump experiments with pump pressures exceeding ice overburden to study the seasonality of the subglacial hydraulic system of Engabreen, Norway. Data were collected from load cells installed flush with the ice–bedrock interface and pressure transducers installed in boreholes leading from bedrock tunnels underneath the glacier to the ice–bedrock interface. The water-pressure recordings, seen in relation with the load-cell record, show the existence of hydraulically connected vs unconnected bed areas. Monitored boreholes have been used to inject water at high pressures. Each experiment led to the growth of a high-pressure water cavity whose spatial extent could be inferred from load-cell and pressure transducer records. Post-pump pressures were low after summer pump tests and close to ice-overburden level after winter pump experiments. We conclude that drainage takes place in a fast-flow, low-pressure, channel-based drainage system during summer, and a low-flow, high-pressure, linked-cavity drainage system during winter.

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Marzec, Krzysztof. "Low-Pressure Turbine Cooling Systems". Encyclopedia 1, nr 3 (31.08.2021): 893–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia1030068.

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Modern low-pressure turbine engines are equipped with casings impingement cooling systems. Those systems (called Active Clearance Control) are composed of an array of air nozzles, which are directed to strike turbine casing to absorb generated heat. As a result, the casing starts to shrink, reducing the radial gap between the sealing and rotating tip of the blade. Cooling air is delivered to the nozzles through distribution channels and collector boxes, which are connected to the main air supply duct. The application of low-pressure turbine cooling systems increases its efficiency and reduces engine fuel consumption.

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Lee, Juneseok, Vinod K. Lohani, Andrea M. Dietrich i G. V. Loganathan. "Hydraulic transients in plumbing systems". Water Supply 12, nr 5 (1.08.2012): 619–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2012.036.

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This study addresses the issue of pressure transients triggered within premise plumbing or a municipal water distribution system and their potential impact on drinking water service lines and plumbing systems. An instrumented experimental plumbing system was designed to examine the effects of a range of pressures commonly encountered in household plumbing systems. A transient triggered from within the household plumbing system structurally taxed the experimental service line and vertical plumbing sections but did not result in negative pressures. Taken together, these experimental results and observations of gaseous cavitation phenomenon with a high definition video camera demonstrated that a hydraulic transient triggered from a water main resulted in extremely low pressures events (up to −68.95 kpa) in the service line. This low pressure would be sufficient to allow the possible intrusion of microbial and chemical contaminants into the service lines. Homeowners and water utilities should be made aware of the importance of maintaining the structural integrity of their pipe systems and protecting the hydraulic integrity of water systems.

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Baum, Heiko, Stefan Eibl i Jürgen Merk. "Pressure Oscillation Analysis in Low-pressure Fuel Piping Systems". MTZ worldwide 78, nr 10 (15.09.2017): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38313-017-0096-8.

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Horton, Donald, i Michael Pollay. "Fluid flow performance of a new siphon-control device for ventricular shunts". Journal of Neurosurgery 72, nr 6 (czerwiec 1990): 926–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1990.72.6.0926.

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✓ Most available cerebrospinal fluid diversion systems utilize differential-pressure valves that often induce overshunting, resulting in complications due to the siphoning of fluid from the ventricular system when the patient is in the erect position. A new siphon-control device (SCD) was tested alone and in combination with four types of differential-pressure valves with low, medium, and high opening pressures (namely PS Medical, Heyer-Schulte, Cordis-Hakim, and Codman valves). The valve inlet and outlet pressures were measured at several fluid inflow rates between 2.0 and 50.0 ml/hr. Inlet pressure and valve resistance were determined when the outlet pressures of the differential-pressure valve or SCD were varied between 0 and −60 cm H2O. Of the differential-pressures valves tested, none provided protection against siphoning without the distal connection of the SCD. The SCD allowed all differential-pressure valves tested to maintain atmospheric pressure regardless of the outlet pressure. The SCD performs in a manner similar to the older anti-siphon device, but with some improvements in design and construction. The results of this investigation suggest that the increased resistance due to the inline SCD is not functionally significant when added to the conventional valve systems with low opening pressure.

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GÜRBÜZ, Muhammet Tayyip, i Sercan ACARER. "Değişken Çevrimli Mikro Turbofan Jet Motoru için Bütünleşik Düşük Basınç Kompresor Sisteminin Aerodinamik Analizleri". Deu Muhendislik Fakultesi Fen ve Muhendislik 24, nr 72 (19.09.2022): 939–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21205/deufmd.2022247222.

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Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are commonly propeller-driven and low-speed. The concept of cost-efficient, much higher speed and longer range applications of micro jet engines was previously addressed such that an existing basic turbojet engine was converted into a single spool turbofan without using additional components of booster and low pressure turbine. Normally, this situation emerges matching problems since two spools are required to adjust the fan speed independently. A simple solution was to use a Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) gearbox to adjust optimal speed for the fan. As a result, missing of the positive functionality of the booster would lump into the fan root to form a unified low pressure compression system (unified-LPC). Such a unified-LPC demands unique characteristics of having an extreme twist, very high pressure ratio and mass flux at the root section than at the tip section, despite the exact opposite is being enforced due to the wheel speed rise with radius. In light of these challenges, this work aims to investigate detailed aerodynamics of an existing design previously made and reported by the authors. It is shown that, despite the aerodynamic loading contrast throughout the span, the unified-LPC can still have a wide operating range and acceptable off-design aerodynamics. Complementing the previous design-oriented work, this paper aims to provide guidelines for such unified compression systems.

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Tarasenko V.F., Baksht E. Kh., Vinogradov N. P. i Sorokin D.A. "Emission spectra of low-pressure air during a diffuse streamer discharge". Optics and Spectroscopy 130, nr 12 (2022): 1499. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/eos.2022.12.55234.4014-22.

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Attention to the study of the radiation characteristics of streamer discharges in atmospheric air at pressures of a fraction of a Torr unit is primarily associated with obtaining new data on high-altitude discharges, including red sprites. This paper presents the results of studying the characteristics of the radiation of a streamer discharge in low-pressure air upon initiation of ionization waves (streamers) by a repetitively pulsed barrier discharge. It has been established that at air pressures of Delta p=0.08-3 Torr, the lines of the second positive, first negative, and first positive nitrogen systems have the highest intensities in the wavelength range of Deltaλ=280-900 nm, and their contribution to the spectral radiation energy density depends on the discharge region and pressure. The emission bands of the first positive nitrogen system give the red color of the ionization waves, however, the highest intensities under these conditions are recorded on the lines of the second positive and first negative nitrogen systems. It is shown that when the pressure decreases to 0.04 Torr or less, the spectrum and color of the streamer discharge, while maintaining the amplitude of the voltage pulses, changes significantly. New lines and bands appear in it, including intense lines of atomic hydrogen, which is due to an increase in the reduced electric field strength, respectively, in the electron temperature. This leads to the dissociation of molecular gases that are part of the air, as well as those adsorbed by the chamber walls. Keywords: emission spectra, streamer discharge, air, low pressures.

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Kim, Jeonghwan, i Francis A. DiGiano. "Fouling models for low-pressure membrane systems". Separation and Purification Technology 68, nr 3 (sierpień 2009): 293–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2009.05.018.

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Singh, Vikram, Butch Berney i Anantha Krishnan. "Designing low pressure systems with continuum models". Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 14, nr 3 (maj 1996): 1252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.579937.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Low Pressure Systeams"

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Pickering, Paul Frederick. "Instabilities in low pressure boiling systems". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7784.

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Goparaju, Sravanthi. "Low Power Tire Pressure Monitoring System". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1220637163.

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Ding, Bowen. "Aerodynamics of low pressure steam turbine exhaust systems". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/290137.

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The low pressure (LP) exhaust system presents a promising avenue for improving the performance of large steam turbines. For this reason, LP exhaust systems have attracted the attention of the research community for decades. Nevertheless, we still lack understanding of the flow physics and loss mechanisms in the exhaust system, especially at part-load conditions. It is also unclear how the exhaust system should be designed when its required operating range widens. This thesis provides solutions to these aerodynamic issues through experimental and numerical investigations, and provides tools that could contribute to better designs of LP exhaust systems. Firstly, the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solver ANSYS CFX was validated against experiments performed on a scaled test rig under representative part-load flow conditions. This validation exposed the weakness of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) CFD when there is a highly swirling flow and large separation regions in the exhaust diffuser. To facilitate the numerical studies, a series of tools were also developed. A design suite, ExhaustGen, was used to automate the pre- and post-processing of CFD calculations. The exhaust diffuser was parametrised using "Minimum Energy Curves", which reduce the dimension of parameter space. Further, a suitable stage-hood interface treatment (Multiple Mixing Planes) was chosen to predict the circumferentially non-uniform flow in the exhaust hood at low computational cost. Numerical investigation of the baseline geometry provided insights into the key flow features and loss mechanisms in the exhaust system, over a wide range of operating conditions. In particular, the bearing cone separation was identified as a key source of loss at part-load conditions. The effect of stage-hood interaction on the performance and design of the exhaust system was studied by varying the rotor blade design, which can positively influence system performance. Finally, a global sensitivity study was performed to identify the most influential design parameters of the exhaust hood. These findings allow, for the first time, LP exhaust hood performance maps to be constructed, so that the benefits of choosing a suitable hood geometry and blade design can be revealed. The thesis also offers contribution towards formulating LP exhaust system design guidance for a wide operating range.

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Degen, Marcia J. "Denitrification in low pressure distribution onsite wastewater disposal systems". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29272.

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Rattner, Alexander S. "Single-pressure absorption refrigeration systems for low-source-temperature applications". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53912.

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The diffusion absorption refrigeration (DAR) cycle is a promising technology for fully thermally driven cooling. It is well suited to applications in medicine refrigeration and air-conditioning in off-grid settings. However, design and engineering knowhow for the technology is limited; therefore, system development has historically been an iterative and expensive process. Additionally, conventional system designs require high-grade energy input for operation, and are unsuitable for low-temperature solar- or waste-heat activated applications. In the present effort, component- and system-level DAR engineering analyses are performed. Detailed bubble-pump generator (BPG) component models are developed, and are validated experimentally and with direct simulations. Investigations into the BPG focus on the Taylor flow pattern in the intermediate Bond number regime, which has not yet been thoroughly characterized in the literature, and has numerous industry applications, including nuclear fuel processing and well dewatering. A coupling-fluid heated BPG design is also investigated experimentally for low-source-temperature operation. Phase-change simulation methodologies are developed to rigorously study the continuously developing flow pattern in this BPG configuration. Detailed component-level models are also formulated for all of the other DAR heat and mass exchangers, and are integrated to yield a complete system-level model. Results from these modeling studies are applied to develop a novel fully passive low-source-temperature (110 - 130°C) DAR system that delivers refrigeration grade cooling. This design achieves operation at target conditions through the use of alternate working fluids (NH3-NaSCN-He), the coupling-fluid heated BPG, and a novel absorber configuration. The complete DAR system is demonstrated experimentally, and evaluated over a range of operating conditions. Experimental results are applied to assess and refine component- and system- level models.

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Parkinson, J. S. "Control system design for low pressure gas distribution networks". Thesis, University of Manchester, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378367.

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Rouse, Anna Jane. "Fast cycle low pressure drop systems for the separation of COâ‚‚". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406861.

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Cameron, Christopher Alistair. "High-pressure studies on molecular systems at ambient and low temperatures". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9952.

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Pressure and temperature are two environmental variables that are increasingly being exploited by solid-state researchers probing structure-property relationships in the crystalline state. Modern high-pressure apparatus is capable of generating many billions of Pascals in the laboratory, and therefore can produce significantly greater alterations to crystalline materials than changes in temperature, which can typically be varied by only a few thousand Kelvin. Many systems such as single-molecule magnets exhibit interesting properties under low-temperature regimes that can be substantially altered with pressure. The desire by investigators to perform analogous single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies has driven the development of new high-pressure apparatus and techniques designed to accommodate low-temperature environments. [Ni(en)3][NO3]2 undergoes a displacive phase transition from P6322 at ambient pressure to a lower symmetry P6122/P6522 structure between 0.82 and 0.87 GPa, which is characterized by a tripling of the unit cell c axis and the number of molecules per unit cell. The same transition has been previously observed at 108 K. The application of pressure leads to a general shortening of O···H hydrogen bonding interactions in the structure, with the greatest contraction (24%) occurring diagonally between stacks of Ni cation moieties and nitrate anions. A novel Turnbuckle Diamond Anvil Cell designed for high-pressure low-temperature single-crystal X-ray experiments on an open-flow cryostat has been calibrated using the previously reported phase transitions of five compounds: NH4H2PO4 (148 K), ferrocene (164 K), barbituric acid dihydrate (216 K), ammonium bromide (235 K), and potassium nitrite (264 K). From the observed thermal differentials between the reported and observed transition temperatures a linear calibration curve has been constructed that is applicable between ambient-temperature and 148 K. Low-temperature measurements using a thermocouple have been shown to vary significantly depending on the experimental setup for the insertion wire, whilst also adding undesirable thermal energy into the sample chamber which was largely independent of attachment configuration. High-pressure low-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction data of [Mn12O12(O2CMe)16(H2O)4] (known as Mn12OAc) reveals a pressure-induced expulsion of the crystallized acetic acid from the crystal structure and resolution of the Jahn-Teller axes disorder between ambient pressure and 0.87 GPa. These structural changes have been correlated with high-pressure magnetic data indicating the elimination of a slow-relaxing isomer over this pressure range. Further application of pressure to 2.02 GPa leads to the expansion of these Jahn-Teller axes, resulting in an enhancement of the slow-relaxing magnetic anisotropy as observed in the literature. Relaxation of pressure leads to a resolvation of the crystal structure and re-disordering of the Jahn-Teller axes, demonstrating that this structural-magnetic phenomenon is fully reversible with respect to pressure. The space group of the Prussian blue analogue Mn3[Cr(CN)6].15H2O has been re-evaluated as R-3m between ambient pressure and 2.07 GPa using high-pressure single-crystal X-ray and high-pressure neutron powder data. Reductions in metal-metal distances and gradual distortions of the Mn octahedral geometry have been correlated with previously reported increases in Tc and declines in ferrimagnetic moment in the same pressure range. Increasing the applied pressure to 2.97 GPa leads to partial amorphization and results in a loss of long-range magnetic order as shown by the literature. The application of pressure (1.8 GPa) to the structure of K2[Pt(CN)4]Br0.24.3.24H2O (KCP(Br)) causes a reduction in the Pt intra-chain and inter-chain distances, and results in an enhancement of the overall conductivity under these conditions as demonstrated in the literature. Almost no changes occur to the high-pressure crystal structure upon cooling to 4 K, except in the Pt-Pt intra-chain distances which converge and suppress the Peierls distortion known to occur at 4 K, resulting in a comparatively greater electrical conductivity under these conditions.

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Burton, Zoe. "Analysis of low pressure steam turbine diffuser and exhaust hood systems". Thesis, Durham University, 2014. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10531/.

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This thesis concerns the computational modelling of low pressure (LP) steam turbine exhaust hood flows. A test case for LP last stage blades (LSBs) with a full aerodynamic definition and an accompanying exhaust hood was developed which is representative of current industrial practice. The test case geometry is freely available allowing other researchers to build on this work and is the first of its kind. Studies on this Durham Stage and Exhaust Hood Test Case showed the geometry produces a representative flow pattern and performance metrics comparable to other published research. Using the test case, the effect of condenser cooling water pressure gradient on the hood flow was computed for the first time. A generic boundary condition was developed to represent the transverse condenser cooling water flow and, when applied to the test case, was shown to have a larger influence on the flow asymmetry within the hood than the tip leakage jet. This thesis describes the first application of the non-linear harmonic (NLH) method to couple the LSBs to the exhaust hood. This method enabled the circumferential non-uniformity which develops in the exhaust hood to be transferred across the interface to the stage, in half the computational demand of the full annulus frozen rotor approach. The first review of the influence of inlet circumferential asymmetry on the hood flow field highlighted that modelling its effect is not as crucial as indicated in the literature, unless the diffuser axial length is very compact or if off-design flows are to be studied. A series of recommendations and guidelines for the CFD modelling of steam turbine exhaust hood flows based on this work are supplied. Experimental validation of the Durham Stage and Exhaust Hood Test Case and a comparison of full unsteady studies with the NLH method should be the next steps in this research.

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Singleton, Andrew Thomas. "Cut-off low pressure systems and extreme rainfall over South Africa". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6504.

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Includes bibliographical references (p. 257-271).
This thesis is an investigation of cut-off low pressure systems over South Africa. These weather systems have been responsible for many of the flooding disasters that have affected South Africa, particularly the coastal regions, over recent decades. The thesis has two main objectives, namely, to construct a 30-year climatology of cut-off lows over South Africa, and to further understanding of the evolution of the low-level flow that leads to these systems producing extreme quantities of rainfall.

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Książki na temat "Low Pressure Systeams"

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George C. Marshall Space Flight Center., red. Performance assessment of low pressure nuclear thermal propulsion. [Marshall Space Flight Center, Ala.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, 1993.

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Jim, Lozier, i AWWA Research Foundation, red. Natural organic matter fouling of low-pressure membrane systems. Denver, CO: Awwa research Foundation, 2008.

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Jim, Lozier, i AWWA Research Foundation, red. Natural organic matter fouling of low-pressure membrane systems. Denver, CO: Awwa research Foundation, 2008.

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Jim, Lozier, i AWWA Research Foundation, red. Natural organic matter fouling of low-pressure membrane systems. Denver, CO: Awwa research Foundation, 2008.

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Winkler, Eric S. Design guidance for shallow trench low pressure pipe systems. Amherst, Mass: Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, 2001.

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Hargett, David L. Technical assessment of low-pressure pipe wastewater injection systems. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Water Engineering Research Laboratory, 1987.

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Jim, Lozier, i AWWA Research Foundation, red. Natural organic matter fouling of low-pressure membrane systems. Denver, CO: Awwa research Foundation, 2008.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Municipal Pollution Control. Office of Water. i Metcalf & Eddy., red. Heat treatment/low pressure oxidation systems: Design and operational considerations. Washington, D.C: Office of Municipal Pollution Control, Office of Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1985.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Municipal Pollution Control. Office of Water i Metcalf & Eddy, red. Heat treatment/low pressure oxidation systems: Design and operational considerations. Washington, D.C: Office of Municipal Pollution Control, Office of Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1985.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Municipal Pollution Control. Office of Water. i Metcalf & Eddy., red. Heat treatment/low pressure oxidation systems: Design and operational considerations. Washington, D.C: Office of Municipal Pollution Control, Office of Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1985.

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Części książek na temat "Low Pressure Systeams"

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Harrington, Joe. "Low pressure cleaning systems". W Industrial Cleaning Technology, 142–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1870-7_5.

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Franz, Gerhard. "Ion beam systems". W Low Pressure Plasmas and Microstructuring Technology, 269–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85849-2_8.

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Brodyanski, A., S. Medvedev, M. Minenko i H. J. Jodl. "Solid oxygen as low dimensional system by spectroscopic studies". W Frontiers of High Pressure Research II: Application of High Pressure to Low-Dimensional Novel Electronic Materials, 217–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0520-3_17.

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Crepin, Jürgen. "Fuel supply system to the low-pressure stage". W Diesel Engine Management, 78–89. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-03981-3_8.

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Chen, Yue Chang, Haotian Shi i Yang Guang. "Developing Low-Noise Low Back Pressure Intake System by CAE Technology". W Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 167–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33835-9_16.

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van der Wiel, Appo. "Subsystem Integration for Low-Cost Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems". W Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications 2003, 271–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76988-0_22.

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Li, Zhihui. "Research of Helium Thermal Power System Based on Lead-Cooled Fast Reactor". W Springer Proceedings in Physics, 919–29. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1023-6_78.

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AbstractThe Helium Brayton cycle with re-compression has the advantages of compact layout, simple structure, thermal high efficiency, good heat transfer characteristics and small friction characteristics, its application in the power conversion system of the lead-cooled fast reactor and the high temperature gas-cooled reactor helps the miniaturization of the whole system. In this paper, the mathematical model was established for Helium Brayton cycle with re-compression and the 100 MWt lead-cooled fast reactor power system was calculated. The effects of several key factors such as the turbine inlet temperature, the turbine outlet pressure, the high pressure compressor outlet pressure, the low pressure compressor outlet pressure and the recuperator outlet temperature were analyzed. The results show that the turbine outlet pressure, the turbine inlet temperature and the high/low pressure compressor outlet pressure have remarkable effects on thermal efficiency of the system. Thermal efficiency of the system increases first and then decreases with the turbine outlet pressure increasing as well as increases with turbine inlet temperature. The research results of this paper could provide important theoretical reference both for thermal cycle parameters for 100 MWt lead-cooled fast reactor and system design of power cycle based on the lead-cooled fast reactor.

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Anakal, Sudhir, i P. Sandhya. "Low-Cost IoT Based Spirometer Device with Silicon Pressure Sensor". W Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 153–61. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2475-2_14.

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Allen, K. Lewer, i E. A. Bunt. "Experimentally Derived Law Governing the Time Relationship of a Pressure-Volume Adjustment in the Human Craniospinal System — a Diagnostic and Management Tool". W Intracranial Pressure VIII, 720–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77789-9_157.

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Schreiber, Katherine A. "Low Temperature Measurement Techniques". W Ground States of the Two-Dimensional Electron System at Half-Filling under Hydrostatic Pressure, 37–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26322-5_3.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Low Pressure Systeams"

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Pimentel, M. A. F., D. A. Clifton, M. A. Maraci, M. D. Santos, C. Arteta, J. S. Domingos i G. D. Clifford. "A $5 Smart Blood Pressure System". W Appropriate Healthcare Technologies for Low Resource Settings (AHT 2014). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2014.0784.

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Marroquin, Amy, i Scott Lang. "Addressing Low Pressure Transients". W ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21858.

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Abstract Low transient pressures in piping systems are different in many ways to high transient pressures. While high pressures can obviously burst pipes or damage components, low pressures can collapse pipes, pull in environmental contaminants, bring components out of solution, or induce transient cavitation, a particular concern for hydrocarbon liquids. This paper will use examples of computer modeling to reveal how common system events such as pump trips or valve closures induce low pressure transient waves that have potential to be just as destructive as more intuitive high pressure waves. Fluid transient studies and literature often focus on high pressures, or do not clearly demonstrate how liquids with low vapor pressures (such as many hydrocarbons) can be affected. Even discerning a pipe’s negative pressure rating through codes and standards can be a challenge. It is shown that low pressure transients are a potential issue in any liquid system. It is further demonstrated that “Rule of Thumb” or typical simplified calculations are not sufficient to capture these effects, and cannot be used to properly locate and size equipment.

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Crockett, Harold M., i Jeffrey S. Horowitz. "“Low Temperature” FAC". W ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-78029.

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Flow-acceleration corrosion (FAC) is a degradation mechanism that impacts carbon steel under conditions often found in both nuclear and fossil power plants. FAC damage is normally found between about 90 – 230°C. However, damage at higher temperatures and occasionally lower temperatures has been reported. Although not common, low temperature degradation can result in shutdowns and costly maintenance activities. Described are reports of damage to piping and equipment in the condensate system and downstream of a blowdown demineralizer at several Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR). In all cases, the piping contained flowing deoxygenated, neutral water at about 120°F (∼ 50°C). Also, experience with non-FAC degradation was reported at one unit. This paper also describes damage to systems in two Boiling Water Reactors (BWR). In these cases, there was a low concentration of dissolved oxygen in neutral water. Damage to BWRs may be less common, but damage rates similar to those found in PWRs have been observed. Based on this work, it is recommended that plant operators perform susceptibility analyses and if necessary inspections in areas where there is neutral water with a low concentration of dissolved oxygen. PWR units that run their polishers full-time are especially vulnerable. Implications to system re-design will also be presented.

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Kuroe, H., T. Hamasaki, T. Sekine, M. Hase, T. Naka i N. Maeshima. "Effects of Hydrostatic Pressure on Rb2Cu2Mo3O12: a One-Dimensional System with Competing Ferromagnetic and Antiferromagnetic Interactions". W LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS: 24th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics - LT24. AIP, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2355063.

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Keller, Nathan, i Monika Ivantysynova. "A New Approach to Sizing Low Pressure Systems". W ASME/BATH 2017 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2017-4344.

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Closed-circuit hydraulic systems, like hydrostatic transmissions and Displacement Controlled (DC) architecture systems, require an integrated low-pressure system. These low-pressure systems provide several important functions to the hydraulic system. They prevent cavitation, provide cooling flow through the cooler, replenish the hydraulic system with cool oil, assist in the oil filtration process, provide pressure to the hydraulic unit control systems and, in the case of DC systems with differential cylinders, balance the unequal cylinder flow. Traditionally, the sizing of low-pressure systems is accomplished using a static sizing approach. In this approach, a constant efficiency of the hydraulic units is assumed, and the system is operating at a maximum power condition. The result is often an oversized charge pump and accumulator, if one is present. A dynamic sizing method has been developed using MATLAB/Simulink® with high fidelity empirical loss models for hydraulic displacement machines. Using realistic duty cycles for hydraulic systems and measured data, the low-pressure system can be accurately sized. Dynamically sizing low-pressure systems reduce parasitic losses on the prime mover because of smaller pump sizes, thus freeing power to be used elsewhere. Another concept presented in this work is the possibility of isolating the hydraulic unit control pressure supply and the low-pressure system. Realistic examples have been simulated to demonstrate the power savings of dynamically sizing low-pressure systems.

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Poehler, Jeffrey C., Gary L. Stevens, Anees A. Udyawar i Amy Freed. "Background on Low Temperature Overpressure Protection System Setpoints for Pressure-Temperature Curves". W ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21663.

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Abstract ASME Code, Section XI, Nonmandatory Appendix G (ASME-G) provides a methodology for determining pressure and temperature (P-T) limits to prevent non-ductile failure of nuclear reactor pressure vessels (RPVs). Low-Temperature Overpressure Protection (LTOP) refers to systems in nuclear power plants that are designed to prevent inadvertent challenges to the established P-T limits due to operational events such as unexpected mass or temperature additions to the reactor coolant system (RCS). These systems were generally added to commercial nuclear power plants in the 1970s and 1980s to address regulatory concerns related to LTOP events. LTOP systems typically limit the allowable system pressure to below a certain value during plant operation below the LTOP system enabling temperature. Major overpressurization of the RCS, if combined with a critical size crack, could result in a brittle failure of the RPV. Failure of the RPV could make it impossible to provide adequate coolant to the reactor core and result in a major core damage or core melt accident. This issue affected the design and operation of all pressurized water reactors (PWRs). This paper provides a description of an investigation and technical evaluation regarding LTOP setpoints that was performed to review the basis of ASME-G, Paragraph G-2215, “Allowable Pressure,” which includes provisions to address pressure and temperature limitations in the development of P-T curves that incorporate LTOP limits. First, high-level summaries of the LTOP issue and its resolution are provided. LTOP was a significant issue for pressurized water reactors (PWRs) starting in the 1970s, and there are many reports available within the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s (NRC’s) documentation system for this topic, including Information Notices, Generic Letters, and NUREGs. Second, a particular aspect of LTOP as related to ASME-G requirements for LTOP is discussed. Lastly, a basis is provided to update Appendix G-2215 to state that LTOP setpoints are based on isothermal (steady-state) conditions. This paper was developed as part of a larger effort to document the technical bases behind ASME-G.

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Herrmann, Cal C. "High-Recovery Low-Pressure Reverse Osmosis". W International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/921353.

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Broughton, Ronnie T. "Low Pressure Injection System Crossconnect Modification". W ASME 2005 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pwr2005-50075.

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How would you fix all of the Low Pressure Injection (LPI) system technical problems listed below with a single nuclear plant modification? • Large LPI Flow indication uncertainty; • Non-Safety power to important cross connect valves; • LPI Pump run-out / NPSH operator burden; • Unbalanced LPI cooling due to electrical single failure; • Unconventional response to valve single failure. A southeastern nuclear generation facility responded by contracting Framatome ANP to design a new passive single cross connect modification for each of their generating units. This new cross connect, consisting of approximately 130’ of 10” stainless steel piping, new gate valves, new check valves, and two new flow restrictors, was installed downstream of the LPI coolers and inside containment on each unit to tie the two injection trains together. The two flow restrictors (stemless globe valves with precision engineered disc stacks) were the centerpiece of the design. Though system resistance is increased, the flow restrictors eliminate all of the technical issues that the utility faced in the LPI system. The passive nature of this design eliminated the time-critical operator burden, the need for safety grade power on existing cross connect valves, the threat of pump run-out and marginal NSPHa, and the unusual single failure licensing basis to manually open LPI isolation valves in the event that they failed closed. The design also improved flow indication uncertainty with a change out of the existing flow measuring orifices. Framatome ANP faced many challenges during the design process. In addition to the problems to be solved, other constraints of the modification were significant, including: an unusually tight upper limit on pump strength, a narrow band of acceptable system resistance with an unknown baseline, first-of-a-kind accuracy requirements for the flow restrictor, and High Pressure Injection (HPI) system minimum flow limits challenged by modification operational changes. The NRC has approved the flow restrictor and the overall design for use in this facility. The passive cross connect modification has been installed in all units. All equipment has passed installation and post modification testing requirements.

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Jablonski, Paul D., i Karol K. Schrems. "Evaluation of a New Low Thermal Expansion Creep Resistant Nickel-Based Alloy". W ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/creep2007-26610.

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For many large-scale systems such as land-based power generation and chemical processing facilities, stresses due to thermal expansion can become a significant consideration in system design. Additionally, differential thermal stresses result from materials such as ferritic steels used in conjunction with nickel-based superalloys. An experimental nickel-based alloy designed for low CTE (Coefficient of Thermal Expansion) has been evaluated for creep performance and is compared to other low CTE nickel-based alloys. The creep results of this new alloy compare favorably to other low CTE nickel-based alloys.

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Shimazu, Ryuya, Michiya Sakai, Yohei Ono i Shinichi Matsuura. "Strength Distribution Characteristics of Elbow Pipes Considering Low Cycle Fatigue Based on Analysis". W ASME 2021 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2021-61943.

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Abstract When designing and evaluating the strength of the piping system of a nuclear power plant, ductile rupture or plastic collapse is often assumed to be the limit state. However, previous studies have reported that the primary failure mode of piping systems is fatigue. Therefore, it is important to conduct a fragility assessment of the piping system under the assumption that the failure mode is fatigue. In this study, a method for calculating the strength distribution characteristics of elbow pipes based on material characteristics is proposed. The linear cumulative damage is considered as a damage assessment index to conduct a fragility assessment by assuming that fatigue occurs. The strain at the elbow pipes was calculated by finite element analysis, while the linear cumulative damage corresponding to the number of cycles was evaluated based on the strain using the Probabilistic ε-N curve. The failure probability of elbow pipes corresponding to the input acceleration was obtained under specific given parameters, and parts of the curves that compose the fragility curve are shown. The analysis results show that the 5% failure probability can be evaluated using the relationship between the failure probability and either the open or closed angle of the elbow pipes, without considering the thickness variations in the fragility assessment of elbow pipes.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Low Pressure Systeams"

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Dillmann, H. G., i H. Pasler. A low pressure filter system for new containment concepts. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), luty 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/95675.

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Wu, Chang-Yu, Brian Damit, Qi Zhang, Myung-Heui Woo, Wolfgang Sigmund, Hyoungjun Park, Jan Marijnissen, Chang Y. Cha i Alayna Jimenez. RHELP (Regenerative High Efficiency Low Pressure) Air Purification System. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, czerwiec 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada511241.

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Nagimov, R. Development of a Low-Pressure Helium Compression Control System Strategy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), wrzesień 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1053634.

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Herman, H., i R. A. Zatorski. Modular Low-Pressure Plasma Spray System for Coating of Machine Elements. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, czerwiec 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada198658.

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Pastukhov, V. P., V. I. Ilgisonis i A. A. Subbotin. Low beta equilibrium and stability for anisotropic pressure closed field line plasma confinement systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), maj 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10161245.

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Johannes, J., T. Bartel, D. Sears i J. Payne. Gemini: A hybrid plasma modelling capability for low pressure systems. User`s manual - V.1.7. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), październik 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/399683.

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Parkins. L51623 Environment Sensitive Cracking (Low pH Stress-Corrosion Cracking) of High Pressure Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), sierpień 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010308.

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This is a review of the current situation relating to transgranular environment sensitive cracking of the type experienced on an in-service pipeline, by comparison with the commoner intergranular cracking experienced on many systems. It is probable that the cracking is not unique. Quite apart from the crack paths, there are other significant differences between the conditions in which the two types of cracking occur, particularly in relation to the environments involved, and sufficiently so to indicate that the mechanisms of cracking are different. The circumstances in which the two types of environment form are discussed. If the creation of a reliable model for practical application to transgranular cracking is to be achieved, there is need for data relating to the effects of stressing conditions upon the crack nucleation and� growth rates of such cracks and of the circumstances in which these cracks coalesce.

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Sacks, Richard D., Alex Lockwood Robinson, Gordon R. Lambertus, Joseph A. Potkay i Kensall D. Wise. A low-power pressure-and temperature-programmed separation system for a micro gas chromatograph. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), październik 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/902593.

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Olsen i Willson. L51916 Pressure Based Parametric Emission Monitoring Systems (PEMS). Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), kwiecień 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010181.

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The natural gas industry operates over 8000 stationary large bore (bore greater than 14 in) natural gas engines for natural gas compression on pipelines and power generation. As emissions regulations become increasingly more stringent, the need for low cost methods for compliance demonstration arises. A PEMS model is one such approach. Research in this area has increased significantly during the last decade. PEMS models for this application utilize parameters commonly measured on industrial engines in the field to predict engine-out emissions. Monitoring emissions in this manner represents a significant cost savings over the periodic use of chemiluminescence NOX analyzers, which are not standard equipment in natural gas compressor stations. PEMS model accuracy is dependent on the quality of the input data, both the training NOX measurements and the selection of input parameters. Hence, it is important to have both reliable data measurement methods and an understanding of engine operating parameters relation to NOX. This work is part of the body of work referred to as the Integrated Test Plan (ITP), performed at the Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory (EECL). This report details an investigation into Parametric Emissions Monitoring System (PEMS) models. It is the final document to be delivered under the ITP program. Much of the work performed under the ITP program focused on Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) research. However, the emphasis of the PEMS work is on the prediction of oxides of nitrogen (NOX) emissions from large bore natural gas engines. In this work two different PEMS models are developed, a semi-empirical model and a neural network model. The semi-empirical model is based on general relationships between NOX emissions and engine parameters, but contains empirical constants that are determined based on the best fit to engine experimental data. The neural network model utilizes a similar set of input parameters, but relies on the neural network code to determine the relationships between input parameters and measured NOX emissions. The neural network model also contains empirical constants. The mathematics involved in both models is described. A single term semi-empirical model, which has been utilized in the literature as a PEMS model, is applied for comparative purposes.

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Wagner, Matthew J., i Gary A. Dale. The Design and Testing of Pneumatic Systems for Measuring Low Pressures in Hypersonic Wind Tunnels. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, listopad 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada379715.

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