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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Low latitude circulation”

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Data publikacji: 6 września 2023

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1

KALSI, S. R., and S. R. HALDER. "Satellite observations of interaction between tropics and mid-latitudes." MAUSAM 43, no. 1 (2021): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v43i1.3318.

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In certain seasons and over certain locations, the mid-latitude westerlies invade subtropical and tropical areas. Short wave perturbations moving in the broad mid-latitude westerlies amplify the. long wave troughs creating new baroclinic zones in relatively southern latitudes. These. baroclinic zones Interact .with the low-latitude circulations thus leading to development of new circulation pattern .In which low level easterlies extend northward over the Peninsula, central and northwest .India. The paper describes the role of short waves in the interaction between tropics and mid-latitudes and

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2

Bosmans, J. H. C., F. J. Hilgen, E. Tuenter, and L. J. Lourens. "Obliquity forcing of low-latitude climate." Climate of the Past Discussions 11, no. 1 (2015): 221–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-11-221-2015.

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Abstract. The influence of obliquity, the tilt of the Earth's rotational axis, on incoming solar radiation at low latitudes is small, yet many tropical and subtropical paleoclimate records reveal a clear obliquity signal. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this signal, such as the remote influence of high-latitude glacials, the remote effect of insolation changes at mid- to high latitudes independent of glacial cyclicity, shifts in the latitudinal extent of the tropics, and changes in latitudinal insolation gradients. Using a sophisticated coupled ocean–atmosphere global climate

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3

Bosmans, J. H. C., F. J. Hilgen, E. Tuenter, and L. J. Lourens. "Obliquity forcing of low-latitude climate." Climate of the Past 11, no. 10 (2015): 1335–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1335-2015.

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Abstract. The influence of obliquity, the tilt of the Earth's rotational axis, on incoming solar radiation at low latitudes is small, yet many tropical and subtropical palaeoclimate records reveal a clear obliquity signal. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this signal, such as the remote influence of high-latitude glacials, the remote effect of insolation changes at mid- to high latitudes independent of glacial cyclicity, shifts in the latitudinal extent of the tropics, and changes in latitudinal insolation gradients. Using a sophisticated coupled ocean–atmosphere global climate

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4

Stone, Peter H., and Yuriy P. Krasovskiy. "An Interhemispheric Four-Box Model of the Meridional Overturning Circulation." Journal of Physical Oceanography 41, no. 3 (2011): 516–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jpo4123.1.

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Abstract The authors introduce a four-box interhemispheric model of the meridional overturning circulation. A single box represents high latitudes in each hemisphere, and in contrast to earlier interhemispheric box models, low latitudes are represented by two boxes—a surface box and a deep box—separated by a thermocline in which a balance is assumed between vertical advection and vertical diffusion. The behavior of the system is analyzed with two different closure assumptions for how the low-latitude upwelling depends on the density contrast between the surface and deep low-latitude boxes. The

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5

Black, Robert X., and Brent A. McDaniel. "Interannual Variability in the Southern Hemisphere Circulation Organized by Stratospheric Final Warming Events." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 64, no. 8 (2007): 2968–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3979.1.

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A composite observational analysis is presented demonstrating that austral stratospheric final warming (SFW) events provide a substantial organizing influence upon the large-scale atmospheric circulation in the Southern Hemisphere. In particular, the annual weakening of high-latitude westerlies in the upper troposphere and stratosphere is accelerated during SFW onset. This behavior is associated with a coherent annular circulation change with zonal wind decelerations (accelerations) at high (low) latitudes. The high-latitude stratospheric decelerations are induced by the anomalous wave driving

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6

Blackport, Russell, and Paul J. Kushner. "Isolating the Atmospheric Circulation Response to Arctic Sea Ice Loss in the Coupled Climate System." Journal of Climate 30, no. 6 (2017): 2163–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0257.1.

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Abstract In this study, coupled ocean–atmosphere–land–sea ice Earth system model (ESM) simulations driven separately by sea ice albedo reduction and by projected greenhouse-dominated radiative forcing are combined to cleanly isolate the sea ice loss response of the atmospheric circulation. A pattern scaling approach is proposed in which the local multidecadal mean atmospheric response is assumed to be separately proportional to the total sea ice loss and to the total low-latitude ocean surface warming. The proposed approach estimates the response to Arctic sea ice loss with low-latitude ocean

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7

Zhai, Xiaoming, Helen L. Johnson, and David P. Marshall. "A Model of Atlantic Heat Content and Sea Level Change in Response to Thermohaline Forcing." Journal of Climate 24, no. 21 (2011): 5619–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-10-05007.1.

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Abstract The response of ocean heat content in the Atlantic to variability in the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) at high latitudes is investigated using a reduced-gravity model and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) general circulation model (MITgcm). Consistent with theoretical predictions, the zonal-mean heat content anomalies are confined to low latitudes when the high-latitude MOC changes rapidly, but extends to mid- and high latitudes when the high-latitude MOC varies on decadal or multidecadal time scales. This low-pass-filtering effect of the mid- and high latitud

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8

Simpson, Isla R., Michael Blackburn, and Joanna D. Haigh. "A Mechanism for the Effect of Tropospheric Jet Structure on the Annular Mode–Like Response to Stratospheric Forcing." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 69, no. 7 (2012): 2152–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-11-0188.1.

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Abstract For many climate forcings the dominant response of the extratropical circulation is a latitudinal shift of the tropospheric midlatitude jets. The magnitude of this response appears to depend on climatological jet latitude in general circulation models (GCMs): lower-latitude jets exhibit a larger shift. The reason for this latitude dependence is investigated for a particular forcing, heating of the equatorial stratosphere, which shifts the jet poleward. Spinup ensembles with a simplified GCM are used to examine the evolution of the response for five different jet structures. These diff

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9

Rajaram, R., and S. Gurubaran. "Seasonal variabilities of low-latitude mesospheric winds." Annales Geophysicae 16, no. 2 (1998): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-998-0197-4.

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Abstract. Observations of mesospheric winds over a period of four years with the partial reflection radar at Tirunelveli (8.7°N, 77.8°E), India, are presented in this study. The emphasis is on describing seasonal variabilities in mean zonal and meridional winds in the altitude region 70–98 km. The meridional winds exhibit overall transequatorial flow associated with differential heating in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. At lower altitudes (70–80 km) the mean zonal winds reveal easterly flow during summer and westerly flow during winter, as expected from a circulation driven by solar fo

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10

Bailey, G. J., Y. Z. Su, and K. I. Oyama. "Yearly variations in the low-latitude topside ionosphere." Annales Geophysicae 18, no. 7 (2000): 789–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-000-0789-0.

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Abstract. Observations made by the Hinotori satellite have been analysed to determine the yearly variations of the electron density and electron temperature in the low-latitude topside ionosphere. The observations reveal the existence of an equinoctial asymmetry in the topside electron density at low latitudes, i.e. the density is higher at one equinox than at the other. The asymmetry is hemisphere-dependent with the higher electron density occurring at the March equinox in the Northern Hemisphere and at the September equinox in the Southern Hemisphere. The asymmetry becomes stronger with incr

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11

Chen, Yiding, Libo Liu, Huijun Le, Hui Zhang, and Ruilong Zhang. "Responding trends of ionospheric F₂-layer to weaker geomagnetic activities." Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate 12 (2022): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2022005.

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Geomagnetic activities frequently occur in varying degrees. Strong geomagnetic activities, which have been widely investigated, occur occasionally; they can cause distinguishable and significant disturbances in the ionosphere. Weaker geomagnetic activities frequently appear, whereas their effects are generally difficult to be distinguished from complex ionospheric variations. Weaker geomagnetic activities play important roles in ionospheric day-to-day variability thus should deserve further attention. In this study, long-term (longer than one solar cycle) measurements of the F2-layer critical

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12

Salby, Murry L., and Patrick F. Callaghan. "Systematic Changes of Northern Hemisphere Ozone and Their Relationship to Random Interannual Changes." Journal of Climate 17, no. 23 (2004): 4512–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/3206.1.

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Abstract Northern Hemisphere ozone underwent a monotonic decline during the 1980s and 1990s. Systematic changes associated with that trend are shown to have a close relationship to random changes of ozone. These two components of interannual variability share a common structure. In it, ozone changes at high latitude are compensated at low latitude by changes of opposite sign. The out-of-phase relationship between ozone changes at high and low latitudes is consistent with a change of the residual mean circulation of the stratosphere, and so is the seasonality of systematic changes. Compensating

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13

Spall, Michael A., and David Nieves. "Wind-Forced Variability of the Remote Meridional Overturning Circulation." Journal of Physical Oceanography 50, no. 2 (2020): 455–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-19-0190.1.

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AbstractThe mechanisms by which time-dependent wind stress anomalies at midlatitudes can force variability in the meridional overturning circulation at low latitudes are explored. It is shown that winds are effective at forcing remote variability in the overturning circulation when forcing periods are near the midlatitude baroclinic Rossby wave basin-crossing time. Remote overturning is required by an imbalance in the midlatitude mass storage and release resulting from the dependence of the Rossby wave phase speed on latitude. A heuristic theory is developed that predicts the strength and freq

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14

Teng, Chen-Ke-Min, Sheng-Yang Gu, Yusong Qin, and Xiankang Dou. "Impact of Solar Activity on Global Atmospheric Circulation Based on SD-WACCM-X Simulations from 2002 to 2019." Atmosphere 12, no. 11 (2021): 1526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12111526.

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In this study, a global atmospheric model, Specified Dynamics Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere and ionosphere eXtension (SD-WACCM-X), and the residual circulation principle were used to study the global atmospheric circulation from the lower to upper atmosphere (~500 km) from 2002 to 2019. Our analysis shows that the atmospheric circulation is clearly influenced by solar activity, especially in the upper atmosphere, which is mainly characterized by an enhanced atmospheric circulation in years with high solar activity. The atmospheric circulation in the upper atmospher

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15

Bae, Jungeun, Hyun-Joon Sung, Eun-Hyuk Baek, Ji-Hun Choi, Hyo-Jung Lee, and Baek-Min Kim. "Reduction in the Arctic Surface Warm Bias in the NCAR CAM6 by Reducing Excessive Low-Level Clouds in the Arctic." Atmosphere 14, no. 3 (2023): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14030522.

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High-latitude low clouds in the Northern winter have been known to be closely related to the Arctic surface air temperature by controlling downward longwave radiation, but Earth system models often fail to accurately simulate this relationship. In this study, we conducted a series of model experiments to examine the role of winter high-latitude low-level clouds in determining the Arctic surface temperature. Our findings show that low-level clouds play a significant role in regulating the Arctic surface temperature. We used the NCAR CAM6 model and compared the results of an unforced simulation

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16

Kinnersley, Jonathan S. "Seasonal Asymmetry of the Low- and Middle-Latitude QBO Circulation Anomaly." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 56, no. 9 (1999): 1140–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<1140:saotla>2.0.co;2.

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17

Bergman, John W., and Harry H. Hendon. "Cloud Radiative Forcing of the Low-Latitude Tropospheric Circulation: Linear Calculations." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 57, no. 14 (2000): 2225–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<2225:crfotl>2.0.co;2.

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18

Knox, R. A., and D. L. T. Anderson. "Recent advances in the study of the low-latitude ocean circulation." Progress in Oceanography 14 (January 1985): 259–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0079-6611(85)90014-x.

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19

Li, Muyuan, Yao Yao, Dehai Luo, and Linhao Zhong. "The Linkage of the Large-Scale Circulation Pattern to a Long-Lived Heatwave over Mideastern China in 2018." Atmosphere 10, no. 2 (2019): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10020089.

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In this study, the large-scale circulation patterns (a blocking high, wave trains and the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH)) associated with a wide ranging and highly intense long-lived heatwave in China during the summer of 2018 are examined using both observational data and reanalysis data. Four hot periods are extracted from the heatwave and these are related to anticyclones (hereafter referred to as heatwave anticyclone) over the hot region. Further analysis shows a relationship between the heatwave anticyclone and a synthesis of low, mid- and high latitude circulation systems. In th

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20

Palter, Jaime B., Stephen M. Griffies, Bonita L. Samuels, Eric D. Galbraith, Anand Gnanadesikan, and Andreas Klocker. "The Deep Ocean Buoyancy Budget and Its Temporal Variability." Journal of Climate 27, no. 2 (2014): 551–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00016.1.

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Abstract Despite slow rates of ocean mixing, observational and modeling studies suggest that buoyancy is redistributed to all depths of the ocean on surprisingly short interannual to decadal time scales. The mechanisms responsible for this redistribution remain poorly understood. This work uses an Earth system model to evaluate the global steady-state ocean buoyancy (and related steric sea level) budget, its interannual variability, and its transient response to a doubling of CO2 over 70 years, with a focus on the deep ocean. At steady state, the simple view of vertical advective–diffusive bal

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21

Piecuch, Christopher G., and Rui M. Ponte. "Importance of Circulation Changes to Atlantic Heat Storage Rates on Seasonal and Interannual Time Scales." Journal of Climate 25, no. 1 (2012): 350–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00123.1.

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Abstract Ocean heat budgets and transports are diagnosed to elucidate the importance of general circulation changes to Atlantic Ocean heat storage rates. The focus is on low- and midlatitude regions and on seasonal and interannual time scales. An estimate of the ocean state over 1993–2004, produced by a coarse-resolution general circulation model fit to observations via the method of Lagrange multipliers, is used. Meridional heat transports are first decomposed into contributions from time-mean and time-variable velocity and temperature and second from zonally symmetric baroclinic (overturning

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22

Sanabia, Elizabeth R., Bradford S. Barrett, and Caitlin M. Fine. "Relationships between Tropical Cyclone Intensity and Eyewall Structure as Determined by Radial Profiles of Inner-Core Infrared Brightness Temperature." Monthly Weather Review 142, no. 12 (2014): 4581–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-13-00336.1.

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Abstract Radial profiles of infrared brightness temperature for 2405 different satellite observations from 14 western North Pacific tropical cyclones (TCs) from the 2012 season were analyzed and compared to intensity and changes in intensity. Four critical points along the inner core of each infrared (IR) brightness temperature (BT) profile were identified: coldest cloud top (CCT), first overshooting top (FOT), and lower (L45) and upper (U45) extent of the inner eyewall. Radial movement of the mean CCT point outward with increasing TC intensity, combined with subsequent warming of the mean L45

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23

Wolfe, Christopher L., and Paola Cessi. "Multiple Regimes and Low-Frequency Variability in the Quasi-Adiabatic Overturning Circulation." Journal of Physical Oceanography 45, no. 6 (2015): 1690–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-14-0095.1.

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AbstractWhen interior mixing is weak, the ocean can support an interhemispheric overturning circulation on isopycnals that outcrop in both the Northern Hemisphere and a high-latitude southern circumpolar channel. This overturning cell participates in a salt–advection feedback that counteracts the precipitation-induced surface freshening of the northern high latitudes. The net result is an increase in the range of isopycnals shared between the two hemispheres, which strengthens the overturning circulation. However, if precipitation in the Northern Hemisphere sufficiently exceeds that in the Sou

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24

Beveridge, N. A. S., H. Elderfield, and N. J. Shackleton. "Deep thermohaline circulation in the low-latitude Atlantic during the Last Glacial." Paleoceanography 10, no. 3 (1995): 643–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/94pa03353.

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Vellinga, Michael, and Peili Wu. "Low-Latitude Freshwater Influence on Centennial Variability of the Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation." Journal of Climate 17, no. 23 (2004): 4498–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/3219.1.

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Abstract Variability of the thermohaline circulation (THC) has been analyzed in a long control simulation by the Met Office's Third Hadley Centre Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere General Circulation Model (HadCM3). It is shown that internal THC variability in the coupled climate system is concentrated at interannual and centennial time scales, with the centennial mode being dominant. Centennial oscillations of the THC can impact surface climate via an interhemispheric SST contrast of 0.1°C in the Tropics and more than 0.5°C in mid- and high latitudes. A mechanism is proposed based on detailed process

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26

Jingzhi, Su, Li Mingkui, Hou Yijun, Yin Baoshu, and Fang Guohong. "Surface circulation derived from drifting buoys in mid-and low-latitude Pacific." Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 24, no. 4 (2006): 333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02842846.

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Scott, R. K., and P. H. Haynes. "Internal interannual variability of the extratropical stratospheric circulation: The low-latitude flywheel." Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 124, no. 550 (1998): 2149–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.49712455016.

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28

Handorf, Dörthe, Klaus Dethloff, Sabine Erxleben, Ralf Jaiser, and Michael V. Kurgansky. "Arctic-Mid-Latitude Linkages in a Nonlinear Quasi-Geostrophic Atmospheric Model." Advances in Meteorology 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2691368.

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A quasi-geostrophic three-level T63 model of the wintertime atmospheric circulation of the Northern Hemisphere has been applied to investigate the impact of Arctic amplification (increase in surface air temperatures and loss of Arctic sea ice during the last 15 years) on the mid-latitude large-scale atmospheric circulation. The model demonstrates a mid-latitude response to an Arctic diabatic heating anomaly. A clear shift towards a negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation (AO−) during low sea-ice-cover conditions occurs, connected with weakening of mid-latitude westerlies over the Atlantic and

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Kumar, Edwin A., and Sushil Kumar. "Geomagnetic Storm Effect on F2-Region Ionosphere during 2012 at Low- and Mid-Latitude-Latitude Stations in the Southern Hemisphere." Atmosphere 13, no. 3 (2022): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13030480.

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The ionospheric effects of six intense geomagnetic storms with Dst index ≤ −100 nT that occurred in 2012 were studied at a low-latitude station, Darwin (Geomagnetic coordinates, 21.96° S, 202.84° E), a low-mid-latitude station, Townsville (28.95° S, 220.72° E), and a mid-latitude station, Canberra (45.65° S, 226.30° E), in the Australian Region, by analyzing the storm–time variations in the critical frequency of the F2-region (foF2). Out of six storms, a storm of 23–24 April did not produce any ionospheric effect. The storms of 30 September–3 October (minimum Dst = −122 nT) and 7–10 October (m

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Feldl, Nicole, Bruce T. Anderson, and Simona Bordoni. "Atmospheric Eddies Mediate Lapse Rate Feedback and Arctic Amplification." Journal of Climate 30, no. 22 (2017): 9213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0706.1.

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Projections of amplified climate change in the Arctic are attributed to positive feedbacks associated with the retreat of sea ice and changes in the lapse rate of the polar atmosphere. Here, a set of idealized aquaplanet experiments are performed to understand the coupling between high-latitude feedbacks, polar amplification, and the large-scale atmospheric circulation. Results are compared to CMIP5. Simulated climate responses are characterized by a wide range of polar amplification (from none to nearly 15-K warming, relative to the low latitudes) under CO2 quadrupling. Notably, the high-lati

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Wilson, Aaron B., David H. Bromwich, and Keith M. Hines. "Simulating the Mutual Forcing of Anomalous High Southern Latitude Atmospheric Circulation by El Niño Flavors and the Southern Annular Mode*." Journal of Climate 29, no. 6 (2016): 2291–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0361.1.

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Abstract Numerical simulations using the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) are conducted based on tropical forcing of El Niño flavors. Though these events occur on a continuum, two general types are simulated based on sea surface temperature anomalies located in the central (CP) or eastern (EP) tropical Pacific. The goal is to assess whether CAM adequately represents the transient eddy dynamics associated with each of these El Niño flavors under different southern annular mode (SAM) regimes. CAM captures well the wide spatial and temporal variability ass

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Smith, Roger K., Gerard Kilroy, and Michael T. Montgomery. "Why Do Model Tropical Cyclones Intensify More Rapidly at Low Latitudes?" Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 72, no. 5 (2015): 1783–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-14-0044.1.

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Abstract The authors examine the problem of why model tropical cyclones intensify more rapidly at low latitudes. The answer to this question touches on practically all facets of the dynamics and thermodynamics of tropical cyclones. The answer invokes the conventional spin-up mechanism, as articulated in classical and recent work, together with a boundary layer feedback mechanism linking the strength of the boundary layer inflow to that of the diabatic forcing of the meridional overturning circulation. The specific role of the frictional boundary layer in regulating the dependence of the intens

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Yeager, Stephen, and Gokhan Danabasoglu. "Sensitivity of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation Variability to Parameterized Nordic Sea Overflows in CCSM4." Journal of Climate 25, no. 6 (2012): 2077–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00149.1.

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Abstract The inclusion of parameterized Nordic Sea overflows in the ocean component of the Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4) results in a much improved representation of the North Atlantic tracer and velocity distributions compared to a control CCSM4 simulation without this parameterization. As a consequence, the variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) on decadal and longer time scales is generally lower, but the reduction is not uniform in latitude, depth, or frequency–space. While there is dramatically less variance in the overall AMOC maximum (at

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McLandress, Charles, and Theodore G. Shepherd. "Simulated Anthropogenic Changes in the Brewer–Dobson Circulation, Including Its Extension to High Latitudes." Journal of Climate 22, no. 6 (2009): 1516–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2679.1.

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Abstract Recent studies using comprehensive middle atmosphere models predict a strengthening of the Brewer–Dobson circulation in response to climate change. To gain confidence in the realism of this result it is important to quantify and understand the contributions from the different components of stratospheric wave drag that cause this increase. Such an analysis is performed here using three 150-yr transient simulations from the Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model (CMAM), a Chemistry–Climate Model that simulates climate change and ozone depletion and recovery. Resolved wave drag and parameteriz

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Vineeth, C., T. Kumar Pant, and R. Sridharan. "Equatorial counter electrojets and polar stratospheric sudden warmings – a classical example of high latitude-low latitude coupling?" Annales Geophysicae 27, no. 8 (2009): 3147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-3147-2009.

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Abstract. Favored occurrences of Equatorial Counter Electrojets (CEJs) with a quasi 16-day periodicity over Trivandrum (8.5° N, 76.5° E, 0.5° N diplat.) in association with the polar Stratospheric Sudden Warming (SSW) events are presented. It is observed that, the stratospheric temperature at ~30 km over Trivandrum shows a sudden cooling prior to the SSWs and the CEJs of maximum intensity which occurs around this time. In general stronger CEJs are associated with more intense SSW events. The stratospheric zonal mean zonal wind over Trivandrum also exhibits a distinctly different pattern during

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Tang, Qiong, Haiyang Sun, Zhitao Du, et al. "Unusual Enhancement of Midlatitude Sporadic-E Layers in Response to a Minor Geomagnetic Storm." Atmosphere 13, no. 5 (2022): 816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13050816.

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This study investigates the variations of middle and low latitude sporadic-E (Es) layers in response to a geomagnetic storm. Es layers are observed by five ionosondes located in the Eastern Asian sector. The critical frequencies of Es layers (foEs) at six stations increased in sequence from high latitude stations to low latitude stations after IMF/Bz turning southward. Lomb–Scargle analysis shows the amplification of semidiurnal oscillation amplitude in the vertical height of Es layers during geomagnetic disturbance. Modeling results of the NCAR Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General

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37

O’Neill, Morgan E., and Daniel R. Chavas. "Inertial Waves in Axisymmetric Tropical Cyclones." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 77, no. 7 (2020): 2501–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-19-0330.1.

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AbstractThe heat engine model of tropical cyclones describes a thermally direct overturning circulation. Outflowing air slowly subsides as radiative cooling to space balances adiabatic warming, a process that does not consume any work. However, we show here that the lateral spread of the outflow is limited by the environmental deformation radius, which at high latitudes can be rather small. In such cases, the outflowing air is radially constrained, which limits how far downward it can subside via radiative cooling alone. Some literature has invoked the possibility of “mechanical subsidence” or

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Qiu, Bo, Shuiming Chen, Daniel L. Rudnick, and Yuji Kashino. "A New Paradigm for the North Pacific Subthermocline Low-Latitude Western Boundary Current System." Journal of Physical Oceanography 45, no. 9 (2015): 2407–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-15-0035.1.

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AbstractSubthermocline western boundary circulation along the low-latitude North Pacific Ocean (2°–25°N) is investigated by using profiling float and historical CTD/expendable CTD (XCTD) data and by analyzing an eddy-resolving global OGCM output. In contrast to the existing paradigm depicting it as a reversed pattern of the wind-driven circulation above the ventilated thermocline (i.e., depth < 26.8 σθ), the subthermocline western boundary circulation is found to comprise two components governed by distinct dynamical processes. For meridional scales shorter than 400 km, the boundary flows a

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Overland, James E., Jennifer Miletta Adams, and Nicholas A. Bond. "Decadal Variability of the Aleutian Low and Its Relation to High-Latitude Circulation*." Journal of Climate 12, no. 5 (1999): 1542–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<1542:dvotal>2.0.co;2.

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Graff, Lise Seland, and J. H. LaCasce. "Changes in the Extratropical Storm Tracks in Response to Changes in SST in an AGCM." Journal of Climate 25, no. 6 (2012): 1854–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00174.1.

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Abstract A poleward shift in the extratropical storm tracks has been identified in observational and climate simulations. The authors examine the role of altered sea surface temperatures (SSTs) on the storm-track position and intensity in an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) using realistic lower boundary conditions. A set of experiments was conducted in which the SSTs where changed by 2 K in specified latitude bands. The primary profile was inspired by the observed trend in ocean temperatures, with the largest warming occurring at low latitudes. The response to several other heatin

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41

Black, Robert X., Brent A. McDaniel, and Walter A. Robinson. "Stratosphere–Troposphere Coupling during Spring Onset." Journal of Climate 19, no. 19 (2006): 4891–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3907.1.

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Abstract The authors perform an observational study of the relation between stratospheric final warmings (SFWs) and the boreal extratropical circulation. SFW events are found to provide a strong organizing influence upon the large-scale circulation of the stratosphere and troposphere during the period of spring onset. In contrast to the climatological seasonal cycle, SFW events noticeably sharpen the annual weakening of high-latitude circumpolar westerlies in both the stratosphere and troposphere. A coherent pattern of significant westerly (easterly) zonal wind anomalies is observed to extend

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Wang, Yongdi, Fei Wang, and Xinyu Sun. "Sinuosity of Atmospheric Circulation over Southeastern China and Its Relationship to Surface Air Temperature and High Temperature Extremes." Atmosphere 12, no. 9 (2021): 1139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12091139.

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Linking sinuosity, a fairly recently developed metric, with high temperature extremes (HTEs) can be both useful and insightful to better understand the physical mechanisms behind HTEs. However, it is not clear whether there exists a relationship between the sinuosity changes and HTE changes in present and future climate conditions over southeastern China. In this paper, the anomalous characteristics of the atmospheric circulation are quantified by sinuosity. Three sinuosity metrics are used in this study: individual sinuosity (SIN), aggregate sinuosity (ASIN), and comprehensive sinuosity (CSIN

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Rapp, M., E. Becker, B. Strelnikov, and F. J. Lübken. "The latitude dependence and probability distribution of polar mesospheric turbulence." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 6, no. 6 (2006): 12199–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-6-12199-2006.

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Abstract. We consider in-situ observations and results from a global circulation model to study the latitude dependence and probability distribution of polar mesospheric turbulence. A comparison of summer observations at 69° N and 79° N shows that mesospheric turbulence weakens towards the summer pole. Furthermore, these data suggest that at both latitudes in about ~70% of all samples there are non-turbulent altitude bins in the considered altitude range between 70 and 95 km. The remaining 30% with detectable turbulence show an approximately log-normal distribution of dissipation rates. A low-

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Agosta, Eduardo Andrés, and Pablo Osvaldo Canziani. "Austral Spring Stratospheric and Tropospheric Circulation Interannual Variability." Journal of Climate 24, no. 11 (2011): 2629–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3418.1.

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Abstract The relationship between the October (spring) total ozone column (TOC) midlatitude zonal asymmetry over the Southern Hemisphere (SH) and the stratospheric quasi-stationary wave 1 (QSW1) interannual phase variability is analyzed. Once contributions to the TOC from known global predictors, estimated with a multiregression model, are removed, the residual TOC interannual variability is observed to be dynamically coupled to the stratospheric QSW1 phase behavior. The stratospheric QSW1 interannual phase variability, when classified according to specifically designed indices, yields differe

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Xia, Yicong, Suxiang Yao, Tianle Sun, and Ziyi Guo. "Role of the Low-Latitude Quasi-Biweekly Oscillation in the Extreme Persistent Heavy Rainfall in the Mei-Yu Season over the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River." Journal of Climate 36, no. 11 (2023): 3817–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-22-0343.1.

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Abstract Persistent heavy rainfall events (PHREs), as a result of the interaction among multiscale systems, are prone to continuously affect the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River valley (MLYR). Based on the observation and reanalysis data, a total of 41 PHREs during the mei-yu seasons of 1979–2020 are first identified over the MLYR and divided into prolonged (over 5 days) and normal (3–5 days) groups. The contributions of quasi-biweekly-scale and synoptic-scale components to the abovementioned two types of PHREs are analyzed. Prolonged PHREs are dominated by the quasi-biweekly comp

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Lucarini, Valerio, and Peter H. Stone. "Thermohaline Circulation Stability: A Box Model Study. Part I: Uncoupled Model." Journal of Climate 18, no. 4 (2005): 501–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-3278.1.

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Abstract A thorough analysis of the stability of the uncoupled Rooth interhemispheric three-box model of thermohaline circulation (THC) is presented. The model consists of a northern high-latitude box, a tropical box, and a southern high-latitude box, which correspond to the northern, tropical, and southern Atlantic Ocean, respectively. Restoring boundary conditions are adopted for the temperature variables, and flux boundary conditions are adopted for the salinity variables. This paper examines how the strength of THC changes when the system undergoes forcings that are analogous to those of g

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Haslinger, Klaus, Michael Hofstätter, Wolfgang Schöner, and Günter Blöschl. "Changing summer precipitation variability in the Alpine region: on the role of scale dependent atmospheric drivers." Climate Dynamics 57, no. 3-4 (2021): 1009–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-05753-5.

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AbstractSummer precipitation totals in the Alpine Region do not exhibit a systematic trend over the last 120 years. However, we find significant low frequency periodicity of interannual variability which occurs in synchronization with a dominant two-phase state of the atmospheric circulation over the Alps. Enhanced meridional flow increases precipitation variability through positive soil moisture precipitation feedbacks on the regional scale, whereas enhanced zonal flow results in less variability through constant moisture flow from the Atlantic and suppressed feedbacks with the land surface.

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Arhan, M., A. M. Treguier, B. Bourlès, and S. Michel. "Diagnosing the Annual Cycle of the Equatorial Undercurrent in the Atlantic Ocean from a General Circulation Model." Journal of Physical Oceanography 36, no. 8 (2006): 1502–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo2929.1.

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Abstract Ten-year-long output series from a general circulation model forced by daily realistic winds are used to analyze the annual cycle of the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) in the Atlantic Ocean. Two well-defined transport maxima are found: One, present during boreal summer and autumn in the central part of the basin, is generally recognized and regarded as a near-equilibrium response to the equatorial easterly trades that culminate in this period. Another one, most pronounced near the western boundary, occurs in April–May when the trades relax. This second maximum is less patent in the obs

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Brunner, D., J. Staehelin, J. A. Maeder, I. Wohltmann, and G. E. Bodeker. "Variability and trends in total and vertically resolved stratospheric ozone." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 6, no. 4 (2006): 6317–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-6-6317-2006.

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Abstract. Trends in ozone columns and vertical distributions were calculated for the period 1979–2004 based on the three-dimensional ozone data set CATO (Candidoz Assimilated Three-dimensional Ozone) using a multiple linear regression model. CATO has been reconstructed from TOMS, GOME and SBUV total column ozone observations in an equivalent latitude and potential temperature framework and offers a pole to pole coverage of the stratosphere on 15 potential temperature levels. The regression model includes explanatory variables describing the influence of the quasi-biennial oscillation, volcanic

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50

Brunner, D., J. Staehelin, J. A. Maeder, I. Wohltmann, and G. E. Bodeker. "Variability and trends in total and vertically resolved stratospheric ozone based on the CATO ozone data set." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 6, no. 12 (2006): 4985–5008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-4985-2006.

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Abstract. Trends in ozone columns and vertical distributions were calculated for the period 1979–2004 based on the ozone data set CATO (Candidoz Assimilated Three-dimensional Ozone) using a multiple linear regression model. CATO has been reconstructed from TOMS, GOME and SBUV total column ozone observations in an equivalent latitude and potential temperature framework and offers a pole to pole coverage of the stratosphere on 15 potential temperature levels. The regression model includes explanatory variables describing the influence of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), volcanic eruptions,

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