Artykuły w czasopismach: „Low-budget film”

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Ellermann, Marissa. "Book Review: ’80s Action Movies on the Cheap: 284 Low Budget, High Impact Pictures". Reference & User Services Quarterly 57, nr 4 (15.06.2018): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.57.4.6711.

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’80s Action Movies on the Cheap: 284 Low Budget, High Impact Pictures is a work that sets out to examine the evolution of action movies from their cheesy low-budget origins and how they influenced the development of the action film genre. The author states that his interest in exploring the topic stems from his belief that the 1980s was the birth of the modern-day action film (1). There are 284 entries arranged chronologically that examine the films’ plots and their influencers. The entries have an informal tone, but they are well researched and use examples from other film genres to make connections. The book is intended for use by a variety of researchers, but its tone and content make it most suitable for use as an introduction to 1980s action and adventure films for action movie lovers or film students.

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Michael, Aron, i Chee Yee Kwok. "Evaporated Thick Polysilicon Film With Low Stress and Low Thermal Budget". Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems 22, nr 4 (sierpień 2013): 825–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jmems.2013.2248129.

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Valančiūnas, Deimantas. "Introduction. From Highbrow to Lowbrow: Studies of Indian B-grade cinema and beyond". Acta Orientalia Vilnensia 12, nr 2 (1.01.2011): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/aov.2011.1.3936.

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Vilnius University Cardboard skulls decorating the book of the dead’s pink cover―the Necronomicon; intoxicated young ladies having a ‘kitty party’ then gang raping their male servant; secret agents 077 and 707 serving the nation; a shape-shifting monster’s head rotates 180 degrees while tracing a doomed bride in red and the list of similar images is far from exhaustive. The above mentioned aesthetical and narrative cinematic devises just happen to come from a variety of Indian films―usually ascribed to the ‘lower’ cinematic cultures and labeled as exploitative, B-grade or even ‘trash’ cinema. Often despised and ridiculed by academicians, critics, and the big budget film industries while at the same time enjoying vast popularity in smaller urban centers and towns, these Indian low budget films co-exist with Bollywood and other major industries―yet work by their own sets of rules and agendas. These films remain a part of the national as well as global film consumption, even if slightly overshadowed by the blockbuster or Arthouse cinemas. Despite the changing trends in India’s film productions and aesthetics, the low budget cinema retains its cult status throughout the country―and this is most evident while taking a stroll down the Grant Road in Mumbai, lined up with numerous video stalls and offering enormous amounts of cheaply produced ‘3 films in 1’ type of DVDs: the genre selection ranging from action (fight) to horror; from mythological to soft-core sex films.

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Liu, Gang, i S. J. Fonash. "Low Thermal Budget Poly-Si Thin Film Transistors on Glass". Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 30, Part 2, No. 2B (15.02.1991): L269—L271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.30.l269.

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Hsiao-Yi Lin, Chun-Yen Chang, Tan Fu Lei, Feng-Ming Liu, Wen-Luh Yang, Juing-Yi Cheng, Hua-Chou Tseng i Liang-Po Chen. "Low-temperature and low thermal budget fabrication of polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors". IEEE Electron Device Letters 17, nr 11 (listopad 1996): 503–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/55.541762.

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Scott, Jason. "From Local Roots to Global Screens: Shane Meadows’ Positioning in the Ecology of Contemporary British Film". Journal of British Cinema and Television 10, nr 4 (październik 2013): 829–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jbctv.2013.0182.

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This article provides a case study of the ecology of British independent film, as illustrated through the continuing career of Shane Meadows. I focus on the intersection between the practices of economic independence and creative independence, ameliorated by low-budget, local films that exploit festival showcasing and critical buzz to achieve international exhibition in a range of markets. While Meadows’ earlier films exemplify the reliance on television funding that has characterised British and continental European cinema since the 1980s, and the emerging significance of regional and Lottery-based funding in the 1990s, they also correspond to the local/international model of much low-budget European realist art cinema, best identified with the Dogme 95 films or those of the Dardenne brothers. Yet since Once Upon a Time in the Midlands (2002), Meadows has deviated from the established trajectory of recognised British auteurs, Mike Leigh and Ken Loach, instead utilising co-production funding to reduce his budgets to ensure maintaining artistic control. Akin to post-Dogme rule-based production manifestoes such as ‘Industrial Film DK’, Meadows has developed and revisited his own rules: film what you know – focusing on a particular local community, localised identities, and restricted locations – in addition to improvisational approaches to acting. Consequently Meadows has achieved recognition as a local but global film-maker.

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Strugova, Ekaterina A. "REPRESENTATION OF THE MANIAC FIGURE THROUGH THE PRISM OF THE US CINEMA OF THE 1960-80s: FROM A HISTORICAL CHARACTER TO THE MYTH OF THE GENRE IN CONTEMPORARY CINEMA". Articult, nr 2 (2022): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2227-6165-2022-2-76-86.

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This article considers the figure of a maniac as a key aspect of the reception of the US cinema of the 1960s-1980s, which influenced the aesthetic and narrative features of contemporary cinema. The first thematic block of the article substantiates that the historical context of the American film industry of the second half of the XX century served as the basis for the legitimization of socially disapproved characters who previously appeared in low-budget cinema predominantly. To clarify the reasons why the serial killer as an object of film theory became associated with horrors and exploitation films of the 1970s, it is refuted that his screen image completely follows the logic of genres that developed in this decade. There is expanding of the issues of films about maniacs by an analysis of the theme of ‘criminally insane’ characters in the US cinema of the 1970s on the example of the film of the same name by Nick Millard in the second part of the article. It is concluded that the audiovisual and genre patterns of low-budget cinema of the last century motivate contemporary directors to turn a serial killer into a historical character.

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Hambly, Glenda. "Climbing Everest: the ‘national’ and ‘international’ in low budget feature film". Studies in Australasian Cinema 15, nr 3 (2.09.2021): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17503175.2021.1993647.

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Hick, Jochen. "The influence of TV and film funding on current European (low budget) art house film". Studies in European Cinema 7, nr 1 (wrzesień 2010): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/seci.7.1.31_1.

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Ayguavives, F., B. Agius, B. EaKim i I. Vickridge. "Oxygen transport during annealing of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films in O2 gas and its effect on their conductivity". Journal of Materials Research 16, nr 10 (październik 2001): 3005–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2001.0412.

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Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films were deposited in a reactive argon/oxygen gas mixture by radio-frequency-magnetron sputtering. The use of a metallic target allows us to control the oxygen incorporation in the PZT thin film and also, using oxygen 18 as a tracer, to study the oxygen diffusion in the thin films. Electrical properties and crystallization were optimized with a 90-nm PZT thin film grown on RuO2 electrodes. These PZT films, annealed with a very modest thermal budget (550 °C) show very low leakage current densities (J = 2 × 10−8 A/cm2 at 1 V). In this article we show that a strong correlation exists between the oxygen composition in the PZT film and the leakage current density.

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김은주. "A Study on the Pre-Production of Low-Budget Film, Summer Whispers". journal of the moving image technology associon of korea 1, nr 10 (grudzień 2008): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.34269/mitak.2008.1.10.001.

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Kim, Jin-Wook. "Value Chain Model to Stabilize which Low-budget Digital Film Production System". Journal of the Korea Contents Association 13, nr 5 (28.05.2013): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5392/jkca.2013.13.05.082.

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Cucco, Marco. "Blockbuster Outsourcing: Is There Really No Place Like Home?" Film Studies 13, nr 1 (2015): 73–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/fs.13.0006.

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The outsourcing of film shoots has long been adopted by US producers to cut costs and improve box-office performance. According to the academic literature, outsourcing is exploited mainly for low- and middle-budget films, but this article aims to demonstrate that blockbusters are also migrating towards other states and countries to take part in an even more competitive film location market. It investigates 165 blockbusters released between 2003 and 2013. The collected data show that blockbuster shoots are not an exclusive to California, but are re-drawing the map of film production in favour of an even more polycentric and polyglot audiovisual panorama.

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Virginás, Andrea. "Film genre patterns and complex narrative strategies in the service of authorship". Literatura i Kultura Popularna 24 (18.04.2019): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0867-7441.24.3.

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Film genre patterns and complex narrative strategies in the service of authorshipFrom the Euro-American canon of contemporary filmmaking a selection of films has been made, the directors of which transition from low-budget, arthouse, regional first features made in the years 1997–1998 mainly Cube and Pi, with occasional references to Run, Lola, Run and Following to big-budget, Hollywood-funded blockbusters presented in the years 2009–2010 Splice and Black Swan, occasionally referring to The International and Inception. Within this framework the issue of how generic patterns are used by these directors fond of narrative complexity is discussed. While in the debut features narrative complexity is the main issue, leading to a revisionist usage of sci-fi Natali and psychological thriller/horror Aronofsky, as well as action film Tykwer and noir detection film Nolan, in the 2009–2010 blockbusters narrative complexity is hidden behind apparently sincere generic imitation. This latter procedure, on closer inspection, reveals the allegorical recreation of genres as types as defined by Laetz and McIver Lopes in The Routledge Companion to Film and Philosophy. The aim is to examine narratively complex designs as tools in establishing the authorial names of these directors, based on their first features, with attention paid to the consistency of film genres referenced.

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Qin, Shu. "High quality low thermal budget low cost SiO2 film fabricated by O2 plasma immersion ion implantation". Thin Solid Films 756 (sierpień 2022): 139385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2022.139385.

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Baldus-Jeursen, C., R. Tarighat, E. Fathi i S. Sivoththaman. "Crystallization of amorphous silicon films by rapid thermal annealing for heterojunction photovoltaic solar cells". Canadian Journal of Physics 92, nr 7/8 (lipiec 2014): 896–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2013-0601.

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Low thermal budget rapid thermal annealing is a promising method of forming highly crystalline silicon thin films on silicon substrates for heterojunction solar cells. In this work, the extent of crystallization was examined by Raman and ultraviolet reflectance spectroscopy, and ellipsometry was used to derive film optical properties. Solar cells were fabricated and analyzed using dark and illuminated current–voltage characteristics, external quantum efficiency, and solar simulator measurements with device efficiency approaching 14%.

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Wang, Jyh Liang, Chun Chien Tsai, Chuan Chou Hwang i Tsang Yen Hsieh. "Low-Temperature Polycrystalline Silicon Thin-Film Transistors Enhanced by Diode-Pumped Solid State Green Continuous-Wave Laser". Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (listopad 2012): 2230–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.2230.

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A novel diode-pumped solid-state continuous-wave (CW) laser technology has been demonstrated for high-performance low-temperature polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors (TFTs) fabrication. The CW laser-crystallized (CWC) poly-Si thin films indicated the excellent crystallinity with the flat surface morphology at grain boundary. Besides, the CW laser activation is a low-thermal budget process and can achieve the lower sheet resistance of 50 Ω/□ and uniformly redistributed dopant profiles. The n-channel CWC TFTs revealed the superior field-effect mobility reaching 505 cm2/V-s and the lower subthreshold swing as compared with the conventional excimer laser-crystallized ones.

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Noh, Joo Hyon, Pooran C. Joshi, Teja Kuruganti i Philip D. Rack. "Pulse Thermal Processing for Low Thermal Budget Integration of IGZO Thin Film Transistors". IEEE Journal of the Electron Devices Society 3, nr 3 (maj 2015): 297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jeds.2014.2376411.

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Jaeger, Christian, Takuya Matsui, Masayoshi Takeuchi, Minoru Karasawa, Michio Kondo i Martin Stutzmann. "Thin Film Solar Cells Prepared on Low Thermal Budget Polycrystalline Silicon Seed Layers". Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 49, nr 11 (22.11.2010): 112301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.49.112301.

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Fortuna Jr., Grzegorz. "Narrative Strategies in Contemporary Independent American Horror Movies". Panoptikum, nr 19 (30.06.2018): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/pan.2018.19.09.

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The main aim of the article is to paint a picture of contemporary American horror film and mark the division between its mainstream and independent sides. The first part focuses on topics, subgenres and strategies connected with mainstream American horror films; the second part is dedicated to the renaissance of low-budget, but original and artistically fulfilled horror movies produced outside Hollywood and directors that achieved commercial success thanks to following their vision and thinking outside the box. In the article, Grzegorz Fortuna Jr. uses methods connected with production studies research to discover how the economy, changing tastes of audiences and artistic ideas influence contemporary independent American horror film.

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Hu, Mengzhen, Lei Xu, Xinnan Zhang, Hanyuan Hao, Shi Zong, Haimin Chen, Zengcai Song, Shijun Luo i Zhihua Zhu. "High mobility amorphous InSnO thin film transistors via low-temperature annealing". Applied Physics Letters 122, nr 3 (16.01.2023): 033503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0131595.

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In this article, we fabricated amorphous InSnO thin film transistors (TFTs) with exceedingly high mobility and low thermal budget. The device is annealed only at a low temperature of 150 °C, a field-effect mobility ([Formula: see text]) of 70.53 cm2/V s, a subthreshold swing of 0.25 V/decade, an on/off current ratio over 108, and a reasonable threshold voltage shift under negative bias stress. The influence of thermal annealing on amorphous InSnO TFTs was investigated by systematically analyzing the crystallization, surface morphology, internal chemical state, and energy band relationship of the InSnO thin film. Amorphous InSnO films deposited at room temperature have a sparse and porous loose structure, which has carrier scattering caused by poor film quality, resulting in low mobility and few free carriers in the film. With the increase in the annealing temperature, the In and Sn metal cations are further oxidized, increasing the carrier concentration in the film and forming a dense M–O–M network when annealed at 150 °C. With the further increase in the annealing temperature, a large number of thermally excited free electrons make the device appear metal like conductivity. This paper expands the research on a high electron concentration InSnO material as the active layer and promotes the development of amorphous oxide semiconductors in high mobility and flexible TFTs.

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Butt, Muhammad A. "Thin-Film Coating Methods: A Successful Marriage of High-Quality and Cost-Effectiveness—A Brief Exploration". Coatings 12, nr 8 (4.08.2022): 1115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12081115.

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In this review, several cost-effective thin-film coating methods, which include dip-coating, spin-coating, spray-coating, blade-coating, and roll-coating, are presented. Each method has its own set of advantages and disadvantages depending on the proposed application. Not all of them are appropriate for large-scale production due to their certain limitations. That is why the coating method should be selected based on the type and size of the substrate, including the thickness and surface roughness of the required thin films. The sol–gel method offers several benefits, such as simplicity in fabrication, excellent film uniformity, the capacity to cover surfaces of any size and over vast areas, and a low processing temperature. Nevertheless, these coating methods are somewhat economical and well managed in low-budget laboratories. Moreover, these methods offer thin films with good homogeneity and low-surface roughness. Furthermore, some other thin-film deposition methods, for instance, physical vapor deposition (PVD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD), are also discussed. Since CVD is not restricted to line-of-sight deposition, a characteristic shared by sputtering, evaporation, and other PVD methods, many manufacturing methods favor it. However, these techniques require sophisticated equipment and cleanroom facilities. We aim to provide the pros and cons of thin-film coating methods and let the readers decide the suitable coating technique for their specific application.

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Mbura, Issa. "Crux of the Bongo Movie from a Digital Disruption Lens". Umma: The Journal of Contemporary Literature and Creative Arts 9, nr 2 (31.01.2022): 68–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.56279/ummaj.v9i2.4.

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This paper reports the findings of a study that had explored digital disruption as an analytical lens developed based on the constructs of two theories: the digital disruption theory and the disruptive innovation theory. The study had employed unstructured in-depth interviews, direct observation and virtual ethnographic to consult media experts, pioneer filmmakers, Bongo Movie’ producers, movies library’s keepers, movie retailers, movie translators (deejays) and social network sites (SNS) to collect data. Based on the study findings, the paper argues that the shift in technological paradigm, specifically from the use of expensive and inaccessible technologies used in filmmaking engendered the development and sustainability of the Bongo Movie genre in Tanzania. This technological paradigm shifts were twofold. To begin with, there was a transition from the use of celluloid film and analogue video cameras to digital video cameras in film production. Second, there was a shift from the use of optical prints and Vertical Helican Scan (VHS) tapes to optical discs such as Digital Versatile Discs (DVD) in the distribution of films. These changes in the technologies used in production and distribution of films provided entrants into the local film industry with necessary tools to produce low-budget films and service the low-end market of the country, which augured well with the country’s resource-poor context. Moreover, these Bongo Movies “disrupted” the erstwhile traditional, established, and stringent patterns of consumption of both locally-produced and foreign-imported films in local film markets. Overall, the Bongo Movie genre evolution appears to be a model of how digitally-motivated disruptions can occur in a local film market in a developing nation’s video-film industries and become a staple particularly among the low-end clientele.

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Indrayuana, Adhitya. "Penggunaan Software “Native Instrument Kontakt” Pada Scoring Film". ULTIMART Jurnal Komunikasi Visual 6, nr 1 (12.11.2016): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31937/ultimart.v6i1.363.

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Native Instrument Kontakt adalah software simulasi instrument atau sound effect yang biasa digunakan dalam menciptakan bunyi-bunyian , music dan scoring film . Suara pada software ini relative real seperti suara aslinya karena proses capturing-nya menggunakan instrument asli (analog) yang sudah ada . Target penggunanya adalah Composer & Sound Designer yang ingin bekerja cepat dan mendapat- kan hasil yang maksimal. Selain itu software ini sangat membantu ketika film yang akan di garap musiknya merupakan film low budget. Key words : simulasi , capturing instrument , software , composing , real audio , sequencer , midi.

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Jurichich, Steve, Tsu-Jae King, Krishna Saraswat i John Mehlhaff. "Low Thermal Budget Polycrystalline Silicon-Germanium Thin-Film Transistors Fabricated by Rapid Thermal Annealing". Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 33, Part 2, No. 8B (15.08.1994): L1139—L1141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.33.l1139.

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Leotta, Alfio. "From Conan the Barbarian to Gunan il guerriero: Re-contextualizing spaghetti sword and sorcery". Journal of Italian Cinema & Media Studies 9, nr 2 (1.03.2021): 225–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jicms_00063_1.

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The release of Conan the Barbarian (1982) played a crucial role in the emergence of the sword and sorcery film, a subgenre of fantasy cinema featuring muscular heroes in violent conflict with wizards and other supernatural creatures. Italian genre filmmakers attempted to capitalize on the international popularity of sword and sorcery by quickly producing a number of low-budget films, which emulated the stylistic and narrative features of Conan. Over a period of six years, between 1982 and 1987, the Italian film industry produced almost two dozen sword and sorcery films, which achieved mixed results at the box office. Although recently an increasing number of international film scholars have focused on the critical examination of Italian genre cinema, to date, little attention has been devoted to the study of Italian sword and sorcery. By examining the aesthetic features of four Italian sword and sorcery films (Gunan il guerriero [1982], Ator l’invincibile [1982], Hercules [1983] and The Barbarians [1987]), as well as their modes of production and distribution, this article proposes the first comprehensive critical examination of this filone.

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Luce, Andrew, Guinevere Strack, Oshadha Ranasingha, Edward Kingsely, Craig Armiento i Alkim Akyurtlu. "Photonic Curing of Copper Ink Films on Liquid Crystal Polymer Substrate". MRS Advances 5, nr 42 (2020): 2191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2020.287.

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AbstractThe application of intense pulsed light (IPL) to printed copper nanoparticle (CuNP) films enables rapid curing on low temperature substrates in ambient conditions. In this work, we printed CuNP ink on liquid crystal polymer (LCP; Vectra A resin) and then cured the films using a high energy density light pulse. High-resolution SEM images of the cured films revealed that the CuNPs on LCP were fused together. Optimal curing parameters were a 5 ms pulse, 75% duty cycle, and an energy density range of 4.2–5.2 J⋅cm-2. Sheet resistance, Rs, values as low as ~0.1 Ω⋅sq-1were obtained. The LCP substrate took on a yellowed appearance after the application of five pulses and exhibited a surface free energy increase. A filter that blocked wavelengths <450 nm was placed over the printed copper film on LCP. As expected, the presence of the filter decreased the total energy density and produced a cured film with high Rs; however, when the energy density was increased in the presence of the filter, the Rs remained high (0.95 Ω⋅sq-1). This preliminary work indicates that additional studies are required not only to understand low thermal budget curing on LCP, but also to elucidate the properties of substrates that enable low Rs.

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Jao, Meng-Huan, Chien-Chen Cheng, Chun-Fu Lu, Kai-Chi Hsiao i Wei-Fang Su. "Low temperature and rapid formation of high quality metal oxide thin film via a hydroxide-assisted energy conservation strategy". Journal of Materials Chemistry C 6, nr 37 (2018): 9941–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tc03544j.

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Cho, Seong-Kun, i Won-Ju Cho. "Effect of Simplified-Single-Step Microwave Annealing in O2 Ambient for High Performance Solution-Processed In–Ga–Zn–O Thin Film Transistors". Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, nr 7 (1.07.2020): 4163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17781.

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In this study, we propose a simplified-single-step microwave annealing (S3-MWA) technique in an O2 ambient, which is a low thermal budget heat treatment method, for the application in solutionprocessed amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin films. For the application of solutionprocessed a-IGZO films in electronic devices, a multi-step post deposition annealing (PDA) process, which involves baking at low temperatures to vaporize the solvent, and high temperature conventional thermal annealing to remove defects in the film, is essential. To simplify the multi-step PDA process, we studied the possibility of reducing the thermal process temperature and time by replacing it with a single-step PDA process using microwave equipment. The electrical properties were compared to investigate the effect of the annealing method and ambient on solution-processed a-IGZO thin film transistors (TFTs). As a result, the S3-MWA-processed a-IGZO TFTs were found to exhibit superior electrical characteristics in comparison with the conventional PDA-processed devices. It was found that the O2 ambient process not only shortened the annealing time of S3-MWA but also improved the electrical properties. Furthermore, the S3-MWA was superior to the conventional PDA in the evaluation of device reliability under a gate bias stress test. The S3-MWA process in the O2 ambient was also responsible for improving the reliability of solution-processed a-IGZO TFTs. Therefore, we confirmed that the proposed S3-MWA in the O2 ambient is a more effective and promising technique than conventional PDA for the low thermal budget treatment of solution-processed a-IGZO TFTs.

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Martens, Emiel. "The 1930s Horror Adventure Film on Location in Jamaica: ‘Jungle Gods’, ‘Voodoo Drums’ and ‘Mumbo Jumbo’ in the ‘Secret Places of Paradise Island’". Humanities 10, nr 2 (29.03.2021): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h10020062.

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In this article, I consider the representation of African-Caribbean religions in the early horror adventure film from a postcolonial perspective. I do so by zooming in on Ouanga (1935), Obeah (1935), and Devil’s Daughter (1939), three low-budget horror productions filmed on location in Jamaica during the 1930s (and the only films shot on the island throughout that decade). First, I discuss the emergence of depictions of African-Caribbean religious practices of voodoo and obeah in popular Euro-American literature, and show how the zombie figure entered Euro-American empire cinema in the 1930s as a colonial expression of tropical savagery and jungle terror. Then, combining historical newspaper research with content analyses of these films, I present my exploration into the three low-budget horror films in two parts. The first part contains a discussion of Ouanga, the first sound film ever made in Jamaica and allegedly the first zombie film ever shot on location in the Caribbean. In this early horror adventure, which was made in the final year of the U.S. occupation of Haiti, zombies were portrayed as products of evil supernatural powers to be oppressed by colonial rule. In the second part, I review Obeah and The Devil’s Daughter, two horror adventure movies that merely portrayed African-Caribbean religion as primitive superstition. While Obeah was disturbingly set on a tropical island in the South Seas infested by voodoo practices and native cannibals, The Devil’s Daughter was authorized by the British Board of Censors to show black populations in Jamaica and elsewhere in the colonial world that African-Caribbean religions were both fraudulent and dangerous. Taking into account both the production and content of these movies, I show that these 1930s horror adventure films shot on location in Jamaica were rooted in a long colonial tradition of demonizing and terrorizing African-Caribbean religions—a tradition that lasts until today.

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Kuo, Yue, i Chi-Chou Lin. "Polycrystalline Silicon Thin Film Formed By Multiple Pulsed Rapid Thermal Annealing – Intrinsic a-Si Film Thickness Effect". MRS Proceedings 1426 (2012): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2012.836.

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ABSTRACTThe polycrystalline n+/intrinsic silicon thin film stacks with various original intrinsic amorphous silicon layer thicknesses were formed using the multiple pulsed rapid thermal annealing process with the Ni-induced crystallization mechanism. The thick polycrystalline silicon stack was prepared by repeated steps of 1) amorphous silicon thin film deposition, 2) solution oxidation, 3) dehydrogenation, 4) pulsed rapid thermal annealing, and 5) oxide stripping. The poly-Si film properties, such as the grain size, orientation, and volume fraction of the crystalline phase, were related to the original intrinsic silicon film thickness and the total thermal budget. This process is effective in preparing the high volume fraction polycrystalline silicon thin film, which is important for low-cost thin-film solar cells, electronic and optoelectronic devices.

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Vanjaria, Jignesh, Venkat Hariharan, Arul Chakkaravarthi Arjunan, Yanze Wu, Gary S. Tompa i Hongbin Yu. "One-Step Cost-Effective Growth of High-Quality Epitaxial Ge Films on Si (100) Using a Simplified PECVD Reactor". Electronic Materials 2, nr 4 (10.10.2021): 482–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronicmat2040033.

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Heteroepitaxial growth of Ge films on Si is necessary for the progress of integrated Si photonics technology. In this work, an in-house assembled plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition reactor was used to grow high quality epitaxial Ge films on Si (100) substrates. Low economic and thermal budget were accomplished by the avoidance of ultra-high vacuum conditions or high temperature substrate pre-deposition bake for the process. Films were deposited with and without plasma assistance using germane (GeH4) precursor in a single step at process temperatures of 350–385 °C and chamber pressures of 1–10 Torr at various precursor flow rates. Film growth was realized at high ambient chamber pressures (>10−6 Torr) by utilizing a rigorous ex situ substrate cleaning process, closely controlling substrate loading times, chamber pumping and the dead-time prior to the initiation of film growth. Plasma allowed for higher film deposition rates at lower processing temperatures. An epitaxial growth was confirmed by X-Ray diffraction studies, while crystalline quality of the films was verified by X-ray rocking curve, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and infra-red spectroscopy.

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Oluwabi, Abayomi Titilope, Diana Gaspar, Atanas Katerski, Arvo Mere, Malle Krunks, Luis Pereira i Ilona Oja Acik. "Influence of Post-UV/Ozone Treatment of Ultrasonic-Sprayed Zirconium Oxide Dielectric Films for a Low-Temperature Oxide Thin Film Transistor". Materials 13, nr 1 (18.12.2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13010006.

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Solution-processed metal oxides require a great deal of thermal budget in order to achieve the desired film properties. Here, we show that the deposition temperature of sprayed zirconium oxide (ZrOx) thin film can be lowered by exposing the film surface to an ultraviolet (UV) ozone treatment at room temperature. Atomic force microscopy reveals a smooth and uniform film with the root mean square roughness reduced from ~ 0.63 nm (UVO-O) to ~ 0.28 nm (UVO-120) in the UV–ozone treated ZrOx films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicates the formation of a Zr–O network on the surface film, and oxygen vacancy is reduced in the ZrOx lattice by increasing the UV–ozone treatment time. The leakage current density in Al/ZrOx/p-Si structure was reduced by three orders of magnitude by increasing the UV-ozone exposure time, while the capacitance was in the range 290–266 nF/cm2, corresponding to a relative permittivity (k) in the range 5.8–6.6 at 1 kHz. An indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO)-based thin film transistor, employing a UV-treated ZrOx gate dielectric deposited at 200 °C, exhibits negligible hysteresis, an Ion/Ioff ratio of 104, a saturation mobility of 8.4 cm2 V−1S−1, a subthreshold slope of 0.21 V.dec−1, and a Von of 0.02 V. These results demonstrate the potentiality of low-temperature sprayed amorphous ZrOx to be applied as a dielectric in flexible and low-power-consumption oxide electronics.

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Shin, Joong-Won, i Won-Ju Cho. "Low thermal budget annealing technique for high performance amorphous In-Ga-ZnO thin film transistors". AIP Advances 7, nr 7 (lipiec 2017): 075111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4995973.

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Ransick, Mark H., i Chadwick D. Barklay. "Interfacing a Personal Computer to an Analog Scanning Electron Microscope for Storing Images on Optical Disks". Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, nr 2 (12.08.1990): 84–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100134016.

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Most manufacturers of scanning electron microscopes (SEM) now offer models that display an image digitally. This holds many advantages, including the ability to store the image on a disk and perform image analysis on the sample. Most SEMs in service, however, produce only an analog video output; they do not have the ability to digitize the image. Film is the only method of storing images.Consequentially, film is a significant portion of every microscopy laboratory’s budget. Completely eliminating the use of film from use is not practical. There will always be the need to examine a hard copy of the image; many programs require duplicate copies of each image generated; and it is sound practice to keep a copy of each image on file. By archiving digital images to an inexpensive media, the amount of film used or the time devoted to processing negatives can be greatly reduced.By using personal computers (PCs)s, with a digitizing board and analog to digital (A/D) board, it is possible to construct a relatively low cost digitizing system for any SEM.

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Jung, Yong Chan, Jin-Hyun Kim, Heber Hernandez-Arriaga, Jaidah Mohan, Su Min Hwang, Dan N. Le, Akshay Sahota i in. "Robust low-temperature (350 °C) ferroelectric Hf_0.5Zr_0.5O₂ fabricated using anhydrous H₂O₂ as the ALD oxidant". Applied Physics Letters 121, nr 22 (28.11.2022): 222901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0126695.

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In this Letter, the robust ferroelectric properties of low-temperature (350 °C) Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) films are investigated. We demonstrate that the lower crystallization temperature of HZO films originates from a densified film deposition with an anhydrous H2O2 oxidant in the atomic layer deposition process. As a consequence of this densification, H2O2-based HZO films showed completely crystallinity with fewer defects at a lower annealing temperature of 350 °C. This reduction in the crystallization temperature additionally suppresses the oxidation of TiN electrodes, thereby improving device reliability. The low-temperature crystallization process produces an H2O2-based HZO capacitor with a high remanent polarization ( Pr), reduced leakage current, high breakdown voltage, and better endurance. Furthermore, while an O3-based HZO capacitor requires wake-up cycling to achieve stable Pr, the H2O2-based HZO capacitor demonstrates a significantly reduced wake-up nature. Anhydrous H2O2 oxidant enables the fabrication of a more reliable ferroelectric HZO device using a low process thermal budget (350 °C).

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Park, Jeewon, Wansu Jang i Changhwan Shin. "Gate-Stack Engineering to Improve the Performance of 28 nm Low-Power High-K/Metal-Gate Device". Micromachines 12, nr 8 (27.07.2021): 886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12080886.

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In this study, a gate-stack engineering technique is proposed as a means of improving the performance of a 28 nm low-power (LP) high-k/metal-gate (HK/MG) device. In detail, it was experimentally verified that HfSiO thin films can replace HfSiON congeners, where the latter are known to have a good thermal budget and/or electrical characteristics, to boost the device performance under a limited thermal budget. TiN engineering for the gate-stack in the 28 nm LP HK/MG device was used to suppress the gate leakage current. Using the proposed fabrication method, the on/off current ratio (Ion/Ioff) was improved for a given target Ion, and the gate leakage current was appropriately suppressed. Comparing the process-of-record device against the 28 nm LP HK/MG device, the thickness of the electrical oxide layer in the new device was reduced by 3.1% in the case of n-type field effect transistors and by 10% for p-type field effect transistors. In addition, the reliability (e.g., bias temperature instability, hot carrier injury, and time-dependent dielectric breakdown) of the new device was evaluated, and it was observed that there was no conspicuous risk. Therefore, the HfSiO film can afford reliable performance enhancement when employed in the 28 nm LP HK/MG device with a limited thermal budget.

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Robinson, Kelly. "An Adaptable Aesthetic: Theodor Sparkuhl's Contribution to Late Silent and Early Sound Film-making at British International Pictures, 1929–30". Journal of British Cinema and Television 17, nr 2 (kwiecień 2020): 172–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jbctv.2020.0518.

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The German cinematographer Theodor Sparkuhl worked at Elstree from 1929 to 1930. Accounts of this period in Britain have often emphasised the detrimental effects of the arrival of the sound film in 1928, how it sounded the death knell of film as an international medium and how the film industry struggled to adapt (economically, technically, aesthetically). However, this article shows that the international dimension of the film industry did not disappear with the coming of sound and British International Pictures (BIP) was an exception to what Robert Murphy has called the ‘catalogue of failure’ during this turbulent period in British film history. Sparkuhl indisputably contributed to this achievement, working as he did on eight feature films in just two years from around July 1928 to April 1930, as well as directing several BIP shorts. Sparkuhl's career embodies the international nature of the film industry in the 1920s and 1930s. In Germany he moved within very different production contexts, from newsreels to Ufa and the Großfilme; in Britain from big-budget films aimed at the international market to low-scale inexpensive films at BIP. As what Thomas Elsaesser has called an ‘international adventurer’, Sparkuhl cannot be contained within any single national cinema history. The ease with which he slipped in and out of different production contexts demonstrates not just his ability to adapt but also the fluidity between the different national industries during this period. In this transitional phase in Britain, Sparkuhl worked on silent, part sound and wholly sound films, on films aimed at both the international and the indigenous market, and in genres such as the musical, the war film and comedy. The example of Sparkuhl shows that German cameramen were employed not only for their aesthetic prowess but also for their efficiency and adaptability.

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Uğur Tanrıöver, Hulya. "Women as film directors in Turkish cinema". European Journal of Women's Studies 24, nr 4 (26.05.2016): 321–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350506816649985.

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Representations of women, or more exactly of gender, and the presence and works of women filmmakers constitute an important area of analysis for gender studies and feminist film theories. In Turkey the presence and the participation of women in the public sphere have been one of the important objectives of the Kemalist modernization project since the founding of the modern nation-state in 1923. However, despite the modernizing efforts to empower women in different spheres of life there was no woman director in Turkish commercial feature cinema until the beginning of the 1950s. Since the beginning of the 2000s the number of women directors has increased significantly, reaching a number well above that of the entire period before. This article investigates the reasons behind this increase based on quantitative data gathered from secondary sources and in-depth interviews with women producers and directors. It also questions whether and to what extent the increase in the number of women film directors contributed to the production of ‘women’s films’, based on a qualitative analysis of films produced by women directors between the years 2004 and 2013. The results show that in addition to technological and aesthetic changes in the industry, the increase in the availability of international and national public funding for low-budget independent film productions and the enlargement of the women’s movement allowed more women directors to enter the film industry. While half of the films made by women directors in the 2000s could be qualified as ‘women films’, the other half remained, largely due to market forces, within the conventions of popular or art house cinema.

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Franklin, Ieuan. "Roadblocks and Roads Not Taken: Fords on Water (1983), Coast to Coast (1987) and the British Bi-racial Buddy-Road Movie". Journal of British Cinema and Television 11, nr 4 (październik 2014): 440–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jbctv.2014.0228.

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This article is about two low-budget British road movies which have long disappeared from the cultural radar: Fords on Water (1983) and Coast to Coast (1987). These films will be used as case studies to explore a number of factors that shaped film and television culture in the early to mid-1980s, including the importance of the television funding of feature films in an increasingly costly climate; the shifting strategic priorities of both the British Film Institute and the BBC during a pivotal moment in the history of their film-making activities; and the issues and difficulties involved in finding the right balance between social or political critique and comedy and generic conventions. The two films are rare examples of what might be termed ‘British bi-racial buddy-road movies’. The article will focus on the attributes they share: their obscurity and unavailability; their TV funding; their genre; and their theme of an inter-racial friendship bonded over a desire to escape from boredom and unemployment in Thatcher's Britain. However, it will also tease out their very different approaches, in terms of the more subtle and the more visceral aspects of tone, humour, politics and aesthetics. Finally, the article will consider the factors which prevented these lively films from reaching the wide audience they deserved, and whether they represent two ‘roads not taken’ in the intervening period in British film culture.

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Lee, Chih-Hao, Bing-Syun Yeh i Tsun-Neng Yang. "Study of the La1−xSrxMnO3 Cathode Film Prepared by a Low Power Plasma Spray Method with Liquid Solution Precursor for a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell". Crystals 12, nr 11 (14.11.2022): 1633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12111633.

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A perovskite La1−xSrxMnO3 cathode thin film for an oxygen ion conducting solid oxide fuel cell was prepared using a low power (8.8 kW) liquid solution plasma spray method. Usually, a 30–50 kW Ar plasma torch with temperature higher than all the melting points of solid precursors is essential to synthesis oxides thin film. However, using the liquid precursors as the feeding materials, the required power can be reduced and save a lot of thermal budget. The precursors are water solutions of lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate, manganese(II) nitrate tetrahydrate, and strontium nitrate. The atomic percentage of La in the plasma sprayed La1−xSrxMnO3 cathode film is lower than that of La in the feeding precursor into the torch, which is due to the low boiling temperature of La(NO3)3 precursor. The oxygen stoichiometry of La1−xSrxMnO3−δ deduced from the valence state of Mn measured by X-ray absorption spectroscopy shows an oxygen deficit structure. The measured low resistivity of 0.07–0.09 Ωcm at room temperature for this La1−xSrxMnO3−δ is essential for oxygen ion transport in the cathode thin film of a solid-state fuel cell.

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Ahn, Seung Joon, Seung Joon Ahn i Chul Geun Park. "Investigation on the LPCVD LTO Thin Film as a New Dielectric Layer for the Future ULSI Devices". Key Engineering Materials 345-346 (sierpień 2007): 1549–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.345-346.1549.

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As the design rule goes down sub-70 nm for the ULSI devices, the total thermal budget that the device can take during the fabrication is also reduced very much. Hence, in this work, we propose a novel low-temperature LPCVD process for formation of thin dielectric oxide film which does not need SiH2Cl2 gas. We have also evaluated the electrical reliability of the film by making the capacitors with oxide-nitride-oxide (ONO) structure. The leakage current of the new oxide was similar to that of the high-temperature wet oxide until the electric field is lower than 5 MV/cm. When the film was annealed by N2 gas, however, it has shown much better characteristics over the entire range.

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Ping Liu, T. C. Hsiao i J. C. S. Woo. "A low thermal budget self-aligned Ti silicide technology using germanium implantation for thin-film SOI MOSFET's". IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 45, nr 6 (czerwiec 1998): 1280–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/16.678547.

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Li, Xuyang, Jin Cheng, Yanfei Gao, Meng Li, Dan Kuang, Yan Li, Jianshe Xue, Ting Zhang i Zhinong Yu. "Impact of NH3 plasma treatment for solution-processed indium oxide thin-film transistors with low thermal budget". Journal of Alloys and Compounds 817 (marzec 2020): 152720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.152720.

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Krutnik, Frank. "Chiller-Dillers for the Shiver-and-Shudder Set: The Whistler Film Series". Film Studies 17, nr 1 (2017): 49–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/fs.17.0004.

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This article explores the serial dynamics behind and within the succession of B-films Columbia Pictures developed from the popular CBS radio programme The Whistler. It examines how this anthology series developed within Columbias on going strategy of low-budget production, while responding to specfiic industrial challenges facing 1940s B-films. Besides looking at broader synergies between radio and cinema during this period, the article also qualies the tendency to categorise the Whistler movies as films noir, suggesting it is more productive to view them as products of a broader pulp serialscape that is shaped by alternative cultural and industrial logics.

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Onaya, Takashi, Toshihide Nabatame, Mari Inoue, Tomomi Sawada, Hiroyuki Ota i Yukinori Morita. "Wake-up-free properties and high fatigue resistance of Hf_xZr_1−xO₂-based metal–ferroelectric–semiconductor using top ZrO₂ nucleation layer at low thermal budget (300 °C)". APL Materials 10, nr 5 (1.05.2022): 051110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0091661.

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Ferroelectricity and crystallinity of TiN/ZrO2/Hf xZr1− xO2 (Hf:Zr = 0.43:0.57; HZO)/SiO2/Si metal–ferroelectric–semiconductor (MFS) capacitors with a top ZrO2 nucleation layer fabricated by low-temperature processes at 300 °C of atomic layer deposition and post-metallization annealing (PMA) were systematically investigated. The HZO (10 nm)-based MFS capacitors without (w/o) and with 2- and 10-nm-thick ZrO2 films (ZrO2-2 nm and ZrO2-10 nm, respectively) were found to form an extremely thin SiO2 interfacial layer (SiO2-IL) with a thickness of one or two monolayers. The HZO film in the TiN/ZrO2/HZO/SiO2/Si capacitors formed the ferroelectric orthorhombic phase even with a low thermal budget of 300 °C; in contrast, that of the w/o capacitor exhibited a predominantly amorphous structure. This result is attributed to the polycrystalline ZrO2 film acting as a nucleation layer for the crystallization of an amorphous HZO film during PMA treatment. Therefore, the remnant polarization (2 Pr) increased in the order of w/o (2.2 µC/cm2) < ZrO2-2 nm (6.8 µC/cm2) < ZrO2-10 nm (15 µC/cm2). The endurance properties of the ZrO2-10 nm capacitor were free from the wake-up effect and exhibited less degradation because of the insertion of a thick ZrO2 film of 10 nm at the TiN/HZO interface, which promoted the preferential formation of the ferroelectric orthorhombic phase and prevented the formation of oxygen vacancies at the ZrO2/HZO interface. These results suggest that superior ferroelectricity with wake-up-free properties and higher fatigue resistance of HZO-based MFS capacitors can be achieved by a low-temperature fabrication technique (300 °C) using a top ZrO2 nucleation layer.

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Gürbüz, Temmuz Süreyya. "Punk aesthetics of Pedro Almodóvar’s Pepi, Luci, Bom: Self-reflexivity, subcultural formations and queer temporalities". Journal of European Popular Culture 11, nr 1 (1.04.2020): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jepc_00011_1.

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Tracing the direct and indirect influences and cultural connections between earlier counter-cultures and avant-garde art has been a useful method to historicize the aesthetics that is created by subcultures. Drawing from this approach, this article seeks to contribute to the study of the aesthetics and counter-cultures via analysing a specific cinematic self-reflexivity that is born out of the interconnectedness of low-budget material conditions and the subcultural environments. The contention is that Pedro Almodóvar’s first feature film Pepi, Luci, Bom y otras chicas del montón (1980), embodies such punk aesthetics and queer temporalities, through the temporary disruptions in narrative progression, the abundance of queer parody, the combination of camp, TV ads, musical performance and the non-diegetic insertions of comic book-style textuality. In this collage, the politics of realistic representation are thrown out of the picture via a deliberate coupling of artificiality and spontaneity. This article argues that the embeddedness of Pepi, Luci, Bom in Madrid’s subcultural movement, la movida madrileña, demonstrates perfectly how subcultural experience gives way to an aesthetic coping mechanism that transforms low-budget restrictions into self-reflexivity. The disparate narrative vantage points in the film that rupture linearity and how the subcultural environment prompted disruptive entrances through which the film’s satire emerged are taken as critical-aesthetic offerings of queer temporalities that exude through the experiential knowledge of exclusion and oppression.

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Min, Jin-Gi, Dong-Hee Lee, Yeong-Ung Kim i Won-Ju Cho. "Implementation of Ambipolar Polysilicon Thin-Film Transistors with Nickel Silicide Schottky Junctions by Low-Thermal-Budget Microwave Annealing". Nanomaterials 12, nr 4 (13.02.2022): 628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12040628.

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In this study, the efficient fabrication of nickel silicide (NiSix) Schottky barrier thin-film transistors (SB-TFTs) via microwave annealing (MWA) technology is proposed, and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) inverters are implemented in a simplified process using ambipolar transistor properties. To validate the efficacy of the NiSix formation process by MWA, NiSix is also prepared via the conventional rapid thermal annealing (RTA) process. The Rs of the MWA NiSix decreases with increasing microwave power, and becomes saturated at 600 W, thus showing lower resistance than the 500 °C RTA NiSix. Further, SB-diodes formed on n-type and p-type bulk silicon are found to have optimal rectification characteristics at 600 W microwave power, and exhibit superior characteristics to the RTA SB-diodes. Evaluation of the electrical properties of NiSix SB-TFTs on excimer-laser-annealed (ELA) poly-Si substrates indicates that the MWA NiSix junction exhibits better ambipolar operation and transistor performance, along with improved stability. Furthermore, CMOS inverters, constructed using the ambipolar SB-TFTs, exhibit better voltage transfer characteristics, voltage gains, and dynamic inverting behavior by incorporating the MWA NiSix source-and-drain (S/D) junctions. Therefore, MWA is an effective process for silicide formation, and ambipolar SB-TFTs using MWA NiSix junctions provide a promising future for CMOS technology.

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Kim, Hye-Won. "A Study on Development of Smartphone Mobile Application for Word-of-Mouth Marketing in Low-Budget Independent Film". Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 13, nr 4 (30.04.2012): 1525–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2012.13.4.1525.

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Benwadih, M., R. Coppard, K. Bonrad, A. Klyszcz i D. Vuillaume. "High Mobility Flexible Amorphous IGZO Thin-Film Transistors with a Low Thermal Budget Ultra-Violet Pulsed Light Process". ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 8, nr 50 (6.12.2016): 34513–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b09990.

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