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Lennox, Patricia. "Costume at the National Theatre, with introductions by Dr Aoife Monks, Foreword by Rufus Norris (2019)". Studies in Costume & Performance 5, nr 2 (1.12.2020): 273–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/scp_00029_5.
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Review of: Costume at the National Theatre, with introductions by Dr Aoife Monks, Foreword by Rufus Norris (2019) London: National Theatre in association with Oberon Books Ltd, 207 pp., ISBN 978-1-78682-975-7, p/bk, £25/$29.95
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Hashimi, Samina, i Upasana Rajagopalan. "National Lymphoedema Conference 2024: session summaries". British Journal of Community Nursing 29, Sup4 (1.04.2024): S37—S42. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjcn.2024.29.sup4.s37.
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The 11th annual National Lymphoedema Conference, organised by the British Journal of Community Nursing in association with the British Lymphology Society and Lipoedema UK, was hosted at the America Square Conference Centre, London, on 22 February 2024. The conference, which aims to provide new insights into the latests developments in lymphoedema care and management through talks by leading experts in the field, was attended by an impressive number of delegates and exhibitors. The sessions were Chaired by BLS Trustee Rebecca Elwell, and are summarised below.
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Calvo Manuel, Ana. "Conservation in the Nineteenth Century". Ge-conservacion 6 (11.12.2014): 102–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.37558/gec.v6i0.250.
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Reseña del libro: Conservation in the Nineteenth CenturyArchetype Publications in association with the National museetof Denmark and CATS (Centre for Art Technological Studies andConservation), Copenhagen. London, 2013.232 páginas, 220x300 mm.ISBN: 978-1-904982-91-3.
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F., A., T. W. F., J. H. A., J. A. K. G., J. A. K. G., A. R. O., J. A. S. i in. "Reviews of Books". Irish Geography 4, nr 6 (4.01.2017): 454–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.55650/igj.1963.1063.
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HISTORICAL GEOLOGY OF IRELAND. J. K. Charlesworth. 9×6 in. xxiii + 565 pp. Oliver and Boyd: Edinburgh and London. 1963. 84s.JACKSON, John N., Surveys for Town and Country Planning, London, Hutchinson University Library, 1963, 15s.THE IRISH BORDER AS A CULTURAL DIVIDE. M. W. Heslinga. 225 pp. Assen. 1962.SHELL GUIDE TO IRELAND, by Lord Killanin and Michael V. Duignan. London: The Ebury Press, 1962. 478 pp. 9 3/4 × 6 in. 45s.IRELAND BY THE IRISH, edited by Michael Gorman. London: Galley Press Ltd., 1963. 162 pp. 9 3/4 × 7 in. 30s.MARINE CARTOGRAPHY IN BRITAIN. A history of the sea chart to 1855. A. H. W. Robinson. 11¼ × 9 in. 222 pp., 30 text figures, 42 photographic plates. Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1962. £5. 5s.VEGETATION AND SOILS, A WORLD PICTURE, by S. R. Eyre. London: Edward Arnold, 1963. pp. 324. 36/‐.MORPHOGENESIS OF THE AGRARIAN CULTURAL LANDSCAPE, (ed.) S. Helmfrid. Published as Geografiska Annaler, Vol. XLIII, 1961, Number 1–2. Stockholm. Pp. 1–328.NOTIONS ESSENTIELLES DE GÉOGRAPHIE ÉCONOMIQUE, by Jean Mérigot and Roland Froment, Volume one, Sirey, Paris, 1963; 555 pp., 54 illustrations.THE MONSOON. Pierre Pédelaborde. 8 × 5½ in. xii + 196 pp. Methuen, London, 1963, 21s.ON THE MARGINS OF THE GOOD EARTH. The South Australian Wheat Frontier 1869–1894. D. W. Meinig. Murray, London, 1963. 231 pp. 35s.INDEX TO AUSTRALIAN RESOURCES MAPS OF 1940–59. Canberra : Dept. of National Development, 1961. 241 pp. 9 × 6½ in.BRITISH LANDSCAPES THROUGH MAPS. Numbers 1 to 5. The Geographical Association. Price 4/6 each.‘SAMPLE STUDIES’. The Geographical Association. 1962. Price 4/6.
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Askari, A., i I. Shergill. "Patient information leaflets for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: questionnaire survey". JRSM Short Reports 3, nr 5 (maj 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/shorts.2012.011163.
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Summary Objectives To compare the level of information provided in extracorporeal Shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) patient information leaflets in the London and East of England Deaneries Design All trusts in the London and East of England Deanery who offer an ESWL service were contacted and leaflets were compared Setting London and East of England Deanery Participants Alan Askari, Iqbal Shergill Main outcome measures Examination of key information that was communicated to ESWL patients via leaflets Results 12 trusts responded across the two deaneries. There was significant variation in the amount of information provided in the leaflets with some leaflets not containing an adequate level of instruction or information to patients Conclusions The authors propose that a national standardised information leaflet should be incorporated with the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) procedure specific information leaflet for ESWL procedures
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McIlwaine, J. H. "Writings on African Archives (Part 4)". African Research & Documentation 66 (1994): 21–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00016642.
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For a general introduction to this working bibliography and an account of criteria for inclusion see Part 1 in ARD 62. This section contains a number of items relating to the various West African workshops organized by the Association of Commonwealth Archivists and Records Managers (ACARM), of which copies are available in the library of the Institute of Commonwealth Studies, University of London where the Association has its Secretariat. Although in general in this series of bibliographies entries have not been made for “in-house” finding aids produced by archives, an exception is made here for the extensive series produced by the National Archives of Nigeria. This is because these cyclostyled lists were fairly widely circulated, and certainly many of those produced in the 1960s are available in libraries outside the country (in the U.K. for example in the Institutes of Commonwealth Studies and Historical Research and SOAS at the University of London).
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Scully, Eileen. "Repressed Memories: Historical Perspectives on Trafficking and Anti-Trafficking". Slavery Today Journal 2, nr 2 (grudzień 2015): 16–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22150/stj/xzdn9630.
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Modern international trafficking in forced labor took hold during the 1850s, and crossed into the twentieth century as a seemingly intractable global phenomenon. Contemporaries described this worldwide enterprise as the “white slave trade.” As shorthand for sex-trafficking, “the white slave trade” has a very long pedigree. The first cross-national, public-private coalition against trafficking in women and children was forged in the late nineteenth century by the London-based National Vigilance Association. This coalition generated the foundational treaties and directional momentum for international anti-trafficking projects across the twentieth century and into the twenty-first.
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Sethi, Faisil, John Parkes, Eric Baskind, Brodie Paterson i Aileen O'Brien. "Restraint in mental health settings: is it time to declare a position?" British Journal of Psychiatry 212, nr 3 (5.02.2018): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2017.31.
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SummaryThe emergence of a drive to reduce restrictive interventions has been accompanied particularly in the UK by a debate focussing on restraint positions. Any restraint intervention delivered poorly can potentially lead to serious negative outcomes. More research is required to reliably state the risk attached to a particular position in a particular clinical circumstance.Declaration of interestF.S. is a consultant psychiatrist in Psychiatric Intensive Care at the Maudsley Hospital, London. He is on the Executive Committee of the National Association of Psychiatric Intensive Care and Low Secure Units, and was a member of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Guideline Development Group for the Short-Term Management of Aggression and Violence (2015). J.P. is a senior lecturer at the Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University. E.B. is a consultant and expert witness in violence reduction and the use of physical interventions, independent expert to the High Secure Hospitals Violence Reduction Manual Steering Group and a member of the College of Policing Guideline Committee Steering Group and Mental Health Restraint Expert Reference Group. B.P. is the clinical director for Crisis and Aggression Limitation and Management (CALM) Training and formerly a senior lecturer for the Faculty of Health, University of Stirling. He is a nurse and psychotherapist and presently chairs the European Network for Training in the Management of Aggression. A.O'B. is a consultant psychiatrist, the Director of Educational Programmes for the National Association of Psychiatric Intensive Care and Low Secure Units, and the Dean for Students at St George's University of London.
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Hughes, Bernard. "JUDITH WEIR IN CONVERSATION". Tempo 59, nr 234 (21.09.2005): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298205000288.
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Judith Weir (b.1954) is one of Britain's leading composers. Her three full-length operas (A Night at the Chinese Opera, The Vanishing Bridegroom and Blond Eckbert) have been widely performed in Britain and abroad. Since the 1990s she has had a fruitful association with the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra and its sister group, the Birmingham Contemporary Music Group (BCMG). Weir's theatre work includes collaborations with the Royal National Theatre and the Royal Shakespeare Company. Her interest in community music projects included an innovative spell of six years as the Artistic Director of the Spitalfields Festival in London. Recent works include the orchestral piece The Welcome Arrival of Rain for the Minnesota Orchestra, heard at the Proms in 2002, and the ensemble work The Tiger Under the Table for the London Sinfonietta.
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Clapham, David. "PROBLEMS AND POTENTIALS OF SHELTERED HOUSING". Ageing and Society 17, nr 2 (marzec 1997): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x96006368.
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Alex Marsh and Moyra Riseborough, Making Ends Meet: Older People, Housing Association Costs and the Affordability of Rented Housing, National Federation of Housing Associations, London, 1995, 93 pp., no price, ISBN 0 862 97307 4.Anthea Tinker, Fay Wright and Hannah Zeilig, Difficult to Let Sheltered Housing, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1995, 174 pp., £17.50, ISBN 0 113 21964 4.Moyra Riseborough (ed.), Opening-up the Resources of Sheltered Housing to the Wider Community, Anchor Studies 3, Anchor Housing Association, Oxford, 1995, 32 pp., £7.50, ISBN 0 906 17827 4.Bill Randall, Staying Put: The Best Move I'll Never Make, Anchor Housing Association, Oxford, 1995, unpaginated, £5.99, ISBN 0 906 17829 0.For the last twenty years sheltered housing has dominated debates about housing and old age in Britain. There have recently been signs that its pre-eminent position may be threatened by the wider agenda stimulated by the community care reforms. But just when we thought the whole debate had run out of steam, back comes sheltered housing to dominate the policy debate and to re-capture the attention of housing officers. The nature of the debate now differs: gone are the heated discussions over whether sheltered housing is the answer to all our problems; rather, the key question is what to do with the increasing number of ‘difficult-to-let’ sheltered housing flats. Does this mean that the sceptics (including myself) were right all along and that sheltered housing really was ill-thought out and over-provided? After all, the main defence against these charges was that it was popular. Have older people turned against it too?
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Sykes, Mark, Jack Garnham, Pablo Martin Kostelec, Hazel Hall i Anu Mitra. "Assessment and improvement of junior doctor handover in the emergency department". BMJ Open Quality 9, nr 3 (sierpień 2020): e001032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2020-001032.
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IntroductionEffective handover between junior doctors is widely accepted as essential for patient safety. The British Medical Association in association with the National Health Service (NHS) National Patient Safety Agency and NHS Modernisation Agency have produced clear guidance regarding the contents and setting for a safe and efficient handover. We aimed to understand current junior doctor’s opinions on the handover process in a London emergency department (ED), with subsequent assessment, and any necessary improvement, of handover practices within the department.MethodsIn a London ED, a baseline survey was completed by the senior house officer (SHO) cohort to gauge current opinions of the existing handover process. Concurrently, a blinded prospective audit of handover practises was conducted. Multiple improvement strategies were subsequently implemented and assessed via Plan–Do–Study–Act (PDSA) cycles. A standard operating procedure was initially introduced and ‘rolled out’ throughout the department. This intervention was followed by development of an electronic handover note to ease completion of a satisfactory handover. Additional surveys were conducted to continually assess SHO opinion on how the handover process was developing. The final improvement strategy was formal handover teaching at the SHO induction.ResultsBaseline audit and SHO survey highlighted several opportunities for improvement. 5 handover components were deemed essential: (1) documented handover note; (2) doctor’s names; (3) history of presenting complaint; (4) ED actions; and (5) ongoing plan. The frequency of these components saw significant improvement by completion of the final PDSA. Following SHO rotation, all of the essential components fell, only to recover after the next improvement strategy.ConclusionsJunior doctors in a London ED were not satisfied with the current SHO handover process, and handover practices were not adequate. While the rotational nature of the SHO cohort makes sustained change challenging, implementation of thoughtful and realistic improvement strategies can significantly improve handover quality.
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Kibble, Bob. "Sundials in London - Linking architecture and astronomy". International Astronomical Union Colloquium 162 (1998): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100114691.
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Following the inclusion of Astronomy in the revised National Science Curriculum for England and Wales the Association for Astronomy Education, AAE, embarked on a programme of in-service training workshops for teachers to help them to understand the new ideas and deliver the new curriculum. Teacher confidence and knowledge has been the greatest challenge to establishing astronomy in school curricula. As part of the the AAE team I gave presentations on a host of activities including simple cut and paste sundials for pupil projects. We are now seven years on from the revised Science Curriculum and my interest in sundials has stepped up a gear. I have developed an interest in real dials, both studying existing dials and making dials for the homes of friends and families and for schools. This presentation, which has as its focus, the sundial as an architectural feature, uses slides I have taken of some of the dials to be seen in the central London area including some of my own.
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Drăgan, Nicolae Sorin. "Introduction. Semiosis in Communication: Knowing and Learning". Romanian Journal of Communication and Public Relations 18, nr 3 (25.01.2017): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21018/rjcpr.2016.3.211.
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<p>This issue of the Romanian Journal of Communication and Public Relations aims to underline the importance of semiotic type queries in communication sciences. The papers included in this issue were initially presented at the first <em>Semiosis in Communication </em>conference, hosted by the National University of Political Studies and Public Administration in June 2016. The first Semiosis in Communication conference was organized in partnership with Roehampton University, London, UK and under the auspices of the International Association for Semiotic Studies.</p>
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Lally, John, i Fiona Gaughran. "Vitamin D in schizophrenia and depression: a clinical review". BJPsych Advances 25, nr 4 (17.04.2019): 240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bja.2019.10.
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SUMMARYEvidence from preclinical and clinical studies supports a role for vitamin D deficiency in many mental disorders. In this review, we discuss the role of vitamin D in the aetiology and treatment of schizophrenia and depression and their physical health comorbidities. Although observational studies support a potential association between vitamin D and schizophrenia and depression, sufficient high-quality evidence from clinical trials does not yet exist to establish a place for vitamin D supplementation in optimising clinical response or promoting physical health. Completed randomised controlled trials are needed to provide insights into the efficacy and safety of vitamin D in the management of mental disorders.LEARNING OBJECTIVESAfter reading this article you will be able to: •outline the epidemiology of vitamin D deficiency in schizophrenia•describe the associations of vitamin D with schizophrenia and depression•know how to assess, and consider treatment for, vitamin D deficiency.DECLARATION OF INTERESTF.G. has received support or honoraria for CME, advisory work and lectures from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Janssen, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Roche and Sunovion, and has a family member with professional links to Lilly and GSK, including shares. She is in part funded by the National Institute for Health Research's (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London and the South London Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research & Care Funding scheme, and by the Maudsley Charity. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care.
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Balinskaite, Violeta, Alex Bottle, Louise Johanna Shaw, Azeem Majeed i Paul Aylin. "Reorganisation of stroke care and impact on mortality in patients admitted during weekends: a national descriptive study based on administrative data". BMJ Quality & Safety 27, nr 8 (27.10.2017): 611–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2017-006681.
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ObjectiveTo evaluate mortality differences between weekend and weekday emergency stroke admissions in England over time, and in particular, whether a reconfiguration of stroke services in Greater London was associated with a change in this mortality difference.Design, setting and participantsRisk-adjusted difference-in-difference time trend analysis using hospital administrative data. All emergency patients with stroke admitted to English hospitals from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2014 were included.Main outcomesMortality difference between weekend and weekday emergency stroke admissions.ResultsWe identified 507 169 emergency stroke admissions: 26% of these occurred during the weekend. The 7-day in-hospital mortality difference between weekend and weekday admissions declined across England throughout the study period. In Greater London, where the reorganisation of stroke services took place, an adjusted 28% (relative risk (RR)=1.28, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.47) higher weekend/weekday 7-day mortality ratio in 2008 declined to a non-significant 9% higher risk (RR=1.09, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.32) in 2014. For the rest of England, a 15% (RR=1.15, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.22) higher weekend/weekday 7-day mortality ratio in 2008 declined to a non-significant 3% higher risk (RR=1.03, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.10) in 2014. During the same period, in Greater London an adjusted 12% (RR=1.12, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.26) weekend/weekday 30-day mortality ratio in 2008 slightly increased to 14% (RR=1.14, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.30); however, it was not significant. In the rest of England, an 11% (RR=1.11, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.15) higher weekend/weekday 30-day mortality ratio declined to a non-significant 4% higher risk (RR=1.04, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.09) in 2014. We found no statistically significant association between decreases in the weekend/weekday admissions difference in mortality and the centralisation of stroke services in Greater London.ConclusionsThere was a steady reduction in weekend/weekday differences in mortality in stroke admissions across England. It appears statistically unrelated to the centralisation of stroke services in Greater London, and is consistent with an overall national focus on improving stroke services.
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Pettan, Svanibor. "Marking the 70th Anniversary of ICTM and 20th Anniversary of CES Folk Slovenia: Music, Sound and Ecology". Musicological Annual 52, nr 2 (9.12.2016): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/mz.52.2.5-10.
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With this issue of the Musicological Annual, we celebrate the 70th anniversary of the International Council for Traditional Music (ICTM, founded in 1947 in London) as well as the 20th anniversary of the Cultural and Ethnomusicological Society Folk Slovenia (founded in 1996 in Piran). At the time of publishing of the current issue, the headquarters of both societies are located at the Department of Musicology, Faculty of Arts of the University of Ljubljana. ICTM is the leading international association of ethnomusicologists and has its office in Ljubljana from 2011 until 2017, while CES Folk Slovenia is a professional Slovenian association as well as the national branch of the ICTM. During the aforementioned period, I – the guest editor of this Musicological Annual – am serving as Secretary General of ICTM and President of CES Folk Slovenia.
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Leaney, Enda. "Missionaries of science: provincial lectures in nineteenth-century Ireland". Irish Historical Studies 34, nr 135 (maj 2005): 266–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400004478.
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For social reformers in nineteenth-century Ireland, science had an important role to play in national development. Non-denominational or secular education was targeted by the government as a possible panacea for the Irish problem, submerging sectarian and political differences. In order to promote this secular ethos, the government established agencies such as the Board of National Education (B.N.E.) in 1831 and the Queen’s Colleges of Belfast, Cork and Galway in 1845. Science seemed to be an area of discourse particularly appropriate to the promotion of economic prosperity and social harmony through the common cause of education. The rhetoric of cultural transcendence was long associated with the advancement of science — from the Royal Society of London (1660) to the British Association for the Advancement of Science (1831) — and took root in nineteenth-century Ireland.
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Babin, Ron, i Adrian Quayle. "ISO 37500 – Comparing outsourcing life-cycle models". Strategic Outsourcing: An International Journal 9, nr 3 (21.11.2016): 271–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/so-04-2016-0013.
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Purpose This paper aims to illustrate the value of the outsourcing life cycle, as described in several industry models, including ISO 37500. Design/methodology/approach The authors present a comparison of outsourcing life cycles to provide an overview of current practices in the global outsourcing industry. Findings Several outsourcing life cycles have been defined by industry associations such as the International Association of Outsourcing Professionals (IAOP) and the National Outsourcing Association (NOA). Academic research has created several outsourcing life cycles, notably the model from the London School of Economics (Cullen and Willcocks, 2005). Finally, commercial models have been defined, for example the Vendor and Sourcing Management model from IDC (2014). Research limitations/implications Researchers will find the overview of different life cycles useful in assessing maturity of outsourcing organizations. Practical implications Practitioners will find the detailed description of ISO 37500 and the comparative life cycles to be illustrative of different approaches to managing outsourcing transactions. Both buyers and providers will be able to compare their own life cycle to industry standards. Originality/value Little or no research has been conducted on how outsourcing life cycles contribute to effective outsourcing. This paper provides a foundation for such research.
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Lomas, Howard. "The Development of the BABP". Behavioural Psychotherapy 19, nr 2 (kwiecień 1991): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0141347300012246.
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On a cold and dull Autumn Friday in 1972, I was among hordes of Behaviour Changers/Modifiers/Engineers/Therapists (all to become Psychotherapists) making their way from the four corners of Britain to the Middlesex Hospital in London. We were all going to a meeting to discuss the setting up of a National Association for those interested in Behavioural … whatever. When I arrived, I was refused entry unless I paid £3 annual membership fee to the very smartly dressed bouncer on the door who claimed to be the Treasurer. “But I thought the meeting was to decide if we are going to form an Association and, if so, to elect the officers!” My protests were in vain, as would have been my 460 mile day trip if I had not parted with my £3 — I have never really mastered contingency management!
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Hess, Karolina Maria. "From the Universal Brotherhood to the Lodge of Soldiers". Aries 23, nr 1 (30.01.2023): 106–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700593-02301006.
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Abstract The article analyses the idea of service in Theosophy, and the initiatives directly related to the theme in the Theosophical structures. The main focus are three organizations active in Poland: Theosophical Association of Service, League of Service (operating as the league of the Theosophical Order of Service), and the Order of the Brothers of Service, and their connections to the international initiatives. The analyses of archival sources show, on the one hand, how Polish Theosophists were influenced by local political and historical context of newly regained national independence, and on the other how leading Theosophists, especially George S. Arundale influenced the Polish discourse about national identity in the Theosophical context. It also shows how various ideas of service crystalized as military service during the Second World War and lead to establishing the Polish speaking lodge in London.
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Chakraborty, Shrabani, Sulagna Chakrabart, Nilanjan Ghosh, Subrata Das, Biswajoy Roy, Arindam Ghosh, Toma Dey, Probir Sarkar i Gary Connett. "COVID-19: Attitudes of Health Care Professionals: A Multi-National Perspective". Journal of Psychosocial Well-being 03, nr 01 (2022): 07–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.55242/jpsw.2022.3103.
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The COVID-19 pandemic exposed health care workers to unique challenges facing a previously unknown virulent disease. A balance was needed between personal health and fulfilling professional duties. Previous research identified barriers in the willingness and ability of health care professionals to work in a hypothetical pandemic scenario. Our aim was to identify if such barriers existed amongst a largely Asian health care work force in delivering their professional responsibilities at the initial phase of COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A GDPR compliant survey of 28 questions was designed using Microsoft forms. Social media (WhatsApp and Facebook messenger group) and professional emails were used to contact health care workers internationally. Data were analysed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS24. Results: 334 responded; 188 doctors (56·3%) and 90 nurses (26·9%). 236 participants lived in south Asia (70·7%) and 81 in Europe (24·3%). 215 out of 334 (64·4%) were Indians, 60 (18%) Bangladeshi and 41 (12·3%) Caucasian. A positive association between obesity (perceived) and fear of COVID-19 infection was found (OR 1·77 (95% CI 1·06, 2·98)). We didn't find any association between ages of the participants, country of residence, ethnicity or comorbidities with worry of being infected by COVID-19. Our respondents mostly remained satisfied with their profession. Only 37 out of 334 (11%) said they wished they were in a different profession. Conclusion: Contrary to predictive data, health care workers showed a more balanced approach in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic from the very early days of the 1 pandemic according to real time data. MRCPCH, Consultant Respiratory Paediatrician, Kings College Hospital, London
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Buckland, Theresa Jill. "Crompton's Campaign: The Professionalisation of Dance Pedagogy in Late Victorian England". Dance Research 25, nr 1 (kwiecień 2007): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/dar.2007.0016.
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In late Victorian England, dance teachers lacked national representation and means of communication among themselves to address professional concerns. By 1930, at least ten professional associations had emerged in Britain, some of which, such as the Royal Academy of Dance (RAD), The British Association of Teachers and Dancing (BATD) and the Imperial Society of Teachers of Dancing (ISTD), are still active today. Little has been written about the wider context of their foundation and of earlier initiatives to establish a professional body for dance pedagogy in England. A key figure in contemporaneous efforts to develop an infrastructure was Robert Morris Crompton (c.1845–1926), a London-based dancing master. Choreographer, writer, and founder-editor of the first periodical devoted to dance in England (Dancing, 1891–1893), Robert Crompton finally succeeded in establishing a national organisation that was devoted to both social and stage dancing in 1904. As the first president of the ISTD, his visionary ideals of an annual technical congress, improvements in the status of the profession, and the future enhancement of dance as an art were placed on a firm institutional footing. Charlatan practitioners, declining standards in the ballroom, and unhelpful licensing laws, together with a scattered and highly individualised competitive profession, were challenges in the early 1890s that Crompton initially failed to overcome. Records of his dreams and anxieties in Dancing provide valuable insight into the problems that beset the teachers of the time. In tandem with other source material relating to the social context for dance of the period, consideration of the trials and aspirations that lay behind Crompton's campaign for a national professional association help to broaden understanding of the place of dance in late Victorian society in England.
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Marchant, Graham. "The Funding of Drama Student Training in Britain". New Theatre Quarterly 17, nr 1 (luty 2001): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00014305.
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The National Council for Drama Training represents the drama sector of the British performing arts industry and is responsible for the accreditation of the standard and content of the courses at vocational drama schools for professional actors and stage managers, to ensure their relevance to the industry. The Council has three wings: the employers (Society of London Theatre, Theatrical Management Association, the BBC, Channel 4, Channel 5, and ITV), the trades union (Equity), and the leading professional training providers. The purpose of the report which follows was to provide as objective as possible an assessment of the workings of the government's new Dance and Drama Awards scheme, to assist the industry in discussions with Government on improvements to the scheme. Its author, Graham Marchant, is an arts consultant with an exceptional breadth of knowledge and experience, particularly as theatre administrator, senior Arts Council officer, and principal of a vocational school for professional dancers. The NCDT was enabled to commission the Report through the generous provision of funds from the Mackintosh Foundation and the Society of London Theatre.
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BÁTONYI, GÁBOR. "A NEW IMAGE OF THE NATION: READING CENTRAL AND SOUTH-EAST EUROPEAN HISTORY". Historical Journal 40, nr 1 (marzec 1997): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x96006942.
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The Little Entente and Europe (1920–1929). By Magda Ádám. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1993. Pp. 330. $40.00.The economy and polity in early twentieth century Hungary. The role of the National Association of Industrialists. By George Deák. New York: Columbia University Press, 1990. Pp. ix + 209. $32.00.Stefan Stambolov and the emergence of Modern Bulgaria, 1870–1895. By Duncan M. Perry. Durham & London: Duke University Press, 1993. Pp. xi + 308. £37.95.Hungarians and their neighbors in modern times, 1867–1950. Ed. Ferenc Glatz. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996. Pp. 347. $42.00.The Czech fascist movement, 1922–1942. By David D. Kelly. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996. Pp. xii + 243.
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Keinz, Anika. "European Desires and National Bedrooms? Negotiating “Normalcy” in Postsocialist Poland". Central European History 44, nr 1 (marzec 2011): 92–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938910001196.
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Only a few years ago rights of sexual minorities in Poland caused not only national controversies over what democracy means, but also gained international attention, visible in demonstrations in front of embassies in Berlin and London, wide media coverage, and protest letters to the Polish prime minister by the Helsinki Foundation of Human Rights as well as Amnesty International and the International Lesbian and Gay Association (ILGA). Several Polish politicians were repeatedly cautioned for their extreme conservative stance on homosexual issues and homophobic remarks as well as criticized for the prohibitions of the so-calledMarsz Równości(Equality March), the Polish version of the Christopher Street Day (usually known as Gay Pride Parade) as being against the standards of democracy and human rights. Finally, and in particular as a reaction to the various remarks of Polish politicians, a resolution against homophobia was submitted to the European Parliament in January 2006 and passed in June 2006. Despite the resolution, the then Polish minister of education, Roman Giertych (League of Polish Families, or LPR), caused another great stir at the European Union (EU) conference of ministers of education in Heidelberg, Germany, on March 1, 2007, when he stated that brochures on sexuality education published by the Council of Europe that contained information on homosexuality and homosexual relations were to be prohibited in Polish schools. In the same speech, he rebuked societies that allowed abortion on social grounds and called abortion a “legal crime” and a “new form of barbarism.”
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Hendrix, Melvin K. "Africana Resources in the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, England". History in Africa 14 (1987): 389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171852.
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Beginning in the latter part of the sixteenth century British naval and shipping interests gradually emerged as one of the major maritime forces operating in African waters and, by the end of the eighteenth century, British shipping dominated the export slave trade. The establishment of colonial plantation economies in the Americas, the global expansion of British political and commercial interests resulting from the Napoleonic Wars, and the anti-slave trade suppression campaign in the first three-quarters of the nineteenth century all brought British seafarers into intimate association with African peoples. This relationship became more intense with the scramble for colonial territories throughout the continent in the late nineteenth century.As a direct consequence of this extensive political and economic relationship a voluminous amount of documentary material exists. One of the principal depositories of this material is the National Maritime Museum (NMM) of Great Britain located in Greenwich, southeast of Central London. This essay reviews some of the documentary holdings found in the Library of the NMM, resources that scholars might find useful in reconstructing British maritime activities in relation to peoples of African descent. Located within the Museum its holdings include printed books and other printed materials, maps and atlases, rare and original manuscripts, ship's plans and drawings, collections on shipwrecks, piracy, and boats, together with various photographic and art collections. While the Library is free and open to the public, it is helpful to contact the Secretary of the NMM with a letter of introduction prior to a first visit.
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Vincent, Angela. "John Newsom-Davis. 18 October 1932—24 August 2007". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 67 (28.08.2019): 327–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2019.0028.
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John Newsom-Davis (‘JND’) was a neurologist who played an important role in the discovery of the causes of, and treatments for, myasthenia gravis (MG), and of other diseases of the nerve–muscle junction. He started his career at the National Hospital in London, becoming director of the Batten Unit there, with an interest in respiratory physiology. He began to work on MG in collaboration with Ricardo Miledi (FRS 1970) at University College London and in 1978, after performing the first study on plasma exchange in that disease, he established an MG research group at the Royal Free Hospital, subsequently identifying the role of the thymus in this disease and demonstrating an autoimmune basis for the Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome and ‘seronegative’ myasthenia. He was awarded the first Medical Research Council Clinical Research Professorship in 1979 but moved to Oxford in 1987 when he was elected Action Research Professor of Neurology. While at Oxford he continued to run a very successful multidisciplinary group, and began the molecular work that identified the genetic basis for many forms of congenital myasthenic syndrome. He also helped to establish the Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB) Centre. Meanwhile he was also involved in university and college governance and contributed widely to the Medical Research Council, government committees, and the Association of British Neurologists (ABN). Among many honours, he was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1996 and made a Foreign Associate Member of the Institute of Medicine (now the National Academy of Medicine) in the USA in 2001. Following retirement from Oxford, he was President of the ABN and Editor of Brain , and led a National Institutes of Health-funded international trial of thymectomy.
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Kirwan, Elizabeth. "The Association for the Visual Arts in Ireland (AVAIL)". Art Libraries Journal 20, nr 1 (1995): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200009160.
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AVAIL came into being as a means of connecting more or less isolated professionals working with visual arts collections, ARLIS/UK & Eire (as it then was) having failed to meet the needs of colleagues in Ireland. The idea of an association for Ireland was hatched at a conference organised by ARLIS/UK with the IFLA Section of Art Libraries in April, 1992; AVAIL was subsequently inaugurated the following October. AVAIL is inter-national, in that it represents the whole island of Ireland; it also represents the broad spectrum of visual arts information management, not just librarianship. As one of its first tasks AVAIL is preparing a directory of visual arts information providers in Ireland. AVAIL’S very existence has apparently persuaded the Department of Library and Information Studies at University College Dublin to incorporate some specialist art training as an option in their programme of education for librarianship, and AVAIL – perhaps in cooperation with ARLIS/UK & Ireland – plans to meet the training needs of its members. AVAIL has adopted as its aims not only to provide a cooperative network for the provision and exchange of visual arts information, but also to ensure preservation and conservation of all Irish visual arts materials. AVAIL is working closely with ARLIS/UK & Ireland, and a joint conference of the two bodies is to take place in Dublin and Belfast in 1995. (This article is a revised version of a paper presented at the 25th Anniversary Conference of ARLIS/UK & Ireland, London 7th-10th April 1994).
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Kennedy, Hilary, i Miriam Landor. "Video Interaction Guidance (VIG): Anxiety, attachment, autism". DECP Debate 1, nr 144 (wrzesień 2012): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsdeb.2012.1.144.27.
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Hilary Kennedy is a freelance chartered educational psychologist and national trainer and supervisor for the Association for Video Interaction Guidance uk™ (AVIGuk). She is a key developer of Video Interaction Guidance (VIG) in the UK. Her recent book on the subject of VIG has the sub-title A Relationship-Based Intervention to Promote Attunement, Empathy and Well-being’. She is currently a freelance VIG trainer working on projects around the UK including the Family Drug and Alcohol Court, Camden, Tower Hamlets, safeguarding, NSPCC Neglect, and works supporting projects in the Czech Republic, Finland and Mexico. She is also an honorary senior lecturer at University College London, an Associate Fellow of the British Psychological Society, and is involved in supporting research in the effectiveness of VIG as an intervention.
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Lee, Luke T. "The London Declaration of International Law Principles on Internally Displaced Persons". American Journal of International Law 95, nr 2 (kwiecień 2001): 454–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2661426.
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At its sixty-ninth conference, held in London from July 25 to 29, 2000, the International Law Association (ILA) approved by consensus the Declaration of International Law Principles on Internally Displaced Persons (the Declaration). This Declaration, prepared by the International Committee on Internally Displaced Persons, followed two earlier ILA proclamations relating to the forced movement of people: the Declaration of Principles of International Law on Mass Expulsion, adopted in Seoul in 1986; and the Declaration of Principles of International Law on Compensation to Refugees, adopted in Cairo in 1992. All three instruments address forced movement from the perspective of the responsibility of countries of origin, in contrast to the traditional focus on the care and maintenance of refugees as a responsibility of first-asylum, resettlement, and donor countries, as well as of the United Nations and other international organizations, both governmental and non-governmental. By dealing with the root causes of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and their status, the present Declaration broadens the concerns of international law to encompass all persons who have been forcibly uprooted from their homes, whether or not they have crossed their national borders.
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Patterson, B., D. Smith, A. Telford, A. Tana, D. Johnstone, R. Davidson i A. R. Martineau. "Vitamin D deficiency predicts latent TB reactivation independent of preventive therapy: a longitudinal study". International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 24, nr 9 (1.09.2020): 916–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.19.0605.
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BACKGROUND: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with progression of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection to active disease. The impact of preventive therapy on this association is unknown.METHOD: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were retrospectively linked to adults diagnosed with latent TB between April 2010 and January 2019 in a hospital in London, UK. Individuals in the cohort who progressed to active TB were identified by matching to a national notification register. A logistic regression model was used to examine baseline vitamin D deficiency and use of preventive therapy with subsequent incidence of TB disease.RESULTS: Of 1509 latently infected individuals with 3902 patient-years of follow-up, 687 (45.5%) were identified as vitamin D deficient and 691 (45.8%) individuals had a LTBI regimen prescribed. There were 29 (1.9%) instances of TB reactivation. On multivariate analysis, profound (<25 nmol/L) vitamin D deficiency (aHR 5.68, 95%CI 2.18–14.82; P = 0.0003) and the absence of preventive therapy (aHR 3.84, 95%CI 1.46–10.08; P = 0.006) were associated with progression to active TB disease. There was no evidence that preventive therapy modified the association between vitamin D status and TB reactivation.CONCLUSION: Our results show an independent association between vitamin D deficiency and progression from latent TB infection to active disease.
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Cecil, Elizabeth, Alex Bottle, Aneez Esmail, Samantha Wilkinson, Charles Vincent i Paul P. Aylin. "Investigating the association of alerts from a national mortality surveillance system with subsequent hospital mortality in England: an interrupted time series analysis". BMJ Quality & Safety 27, nr 12 (4.05.2018): 965–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2017-007495.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the association between alerts from a national hospital mortality surveillance system and subsequent trends in relative risk of mortality.BackgroundThere is increasing interest in performance monitoring in the NHS. Since 2007, Imperial College London has generated monthly mortality alerts, based on statistical process control charts and using routinely collected hospital administrative data, for all English acute NHS hospital trusts. The impact of this system has not yet been studied.MethodsWe investigated alerts sent to Acute National Health Service hospital trusts in England in 2011–2013. We examined risk-adjusted mortality (relative risk) for all monitored diagnosis and procedure groups at a hospital trust level for 12 months prior to an alert and 23 months post alert. We used an interrupted time series design with a 9-month lag to estimate a trend prior to a mortality alert and the change in trend after, using generalised estimating equations.ResultsOn average there was a 5% monthly increase in relative risk of mortality during the 12 months prior to an alert (95% CI 4% to 5%). Mortality risk fell, on average by 61% (95% CI 56% to 65%), during the 9-month period immediately following an alert, then levelled to a slow decline, reaching on average the level of expected mortality within 18 months of the alert.ConclusionsOur results suggest an association between an alert notification and a reduction in the risk of mortality, although with less lag time than expected. It is difficult to determine any causal association. A proportion of alerts may be triggered by random variation alone and subsequent falls could simply reflect regression to the mean. Findings could also indicate that some hospitals are monitoring their own mortality statistics or other performance information, taking action prior to alert notification.
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Bates, AS, I. Pearce i TR Terry. "The future of penile prosthetic surgery in the UK". Journal of Clinical Urology 12, nr 3 (11.03.2019): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2051415819836618.
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Introduction: The provision of penile prosthetic surgery (PPS) in the United Kingdom needs to be reviewed given the twin popular philosophies of Centres of Excellence, as defined by high case volume yielding best outcomes, and Getting It Right First Time (GIRFT), defined as effective and efficient use of resources. Methods: To recognise centres of high volume of PPS and their location, we interrogated Hospital Episode Statistic (HES) data between 2014 and 2017. From this analysis we advance a model of the 10 British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) regions in England providing PPS, working largely to recommendations made by National Health Service (NHS) England through its Clinical Commissioning Policy for Penile Prosthesis. Results: Between 2014 and 2017, there were 2361 surgical procedures undertaken, and of these, primary implantations numbered 1330 and revisions 1031. University College London Hospitals performed more than 50% of all primary implantations and 52% of all revisions. Across England for the year 2017, there were 301 primary implantations and 442 revisions. Discussion: We suggest that revision surgery for device mechanical failure should be within the remit of these centres but referral of complex revision surgery irrespective of aetiology may warrant referral to defined tertiary centres in London, the Midlands and the North of England. Conclusion: Prospective data on patient outcomes from PPS are urgently needed, and NHS England should regard a national database of PPS as essential. We advance a model of the 10 BAUS regions in England providing PPS as a distributed and geographically equitable network for primary implantation. A regionalised network of revision surgery should be considered. Level of evidence: Not applicable for this multicentre audit.
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Samosiuk, I., V. Orzheshkovsky, W. Zukow i A. Sikorska. "To the history of hydrothermotherapy: pages of history". Journal of Education, Health and Sport 1, nr 1 (3.03.2011): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2011.01.01.001.
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In 1921 in London, was created by the International Society of Medical Hydrology, which included scientificsocieties of scientists from over 40 countries, in 1928 they were joined by scientists of the Soviet Union. In 1937 wasorganized by the International Federation of the health resort, which in 1947, renamed the "International Federation ofHydrotherapy and Climatology (FITEC). In 1999, Congress in Yalta, it was called "The World Federation ofHydrotherapy and Climatotherapy (FEMTEC). FEMTEC is the most representative association of Spa and healthorganizations in the world. FEMTEC composed of national Spa and health resorts associations and federations, as wellas central state organizations dealing with Spa problems from many countries and continents. FEMTEC functions underthe aegis of the World Health Organization and submits every three years report on its activities. The principal functionsof the Federation are following: representing world thermalism matters and promote them internationally before statesand public organization; international business-like co-operation in health resorts' sector; study, research and experienceexchanges in the sphere of Spa treatments; popularization of Spa and health resorts of the FEMTEC member-countriesin different countries of the world. With a view of organizing fruitful activities of FEMTEC there function 4 permanentcommissions: medical, economic, technical and social. FEMTEC members actively participate in international scientificsymposia, exhibitions, conferences; there are held annual General Assembly, Executive Board and ExecutiveCommittee meetings. Every year FEMTEC organizes Scientific Congress along with a competition of scientific works,marks of the best thermalists etc. The Federation maintains close contacts with European Spas Association (ESPA),World Tourism Organization (WTO) and other international organizations. The Board of FEMTEC includes thefollowing member: Prof. Nikolay Storozhenko - (Russia) President of FEMTEC from 1998, President National SpaAssociation D.M., Honored Physician (http://www.naturmed.unimi.it/femtec.html). In 1996 he joined the Federation ofRussia, which was timed to the International Congress "The resort medicine, science and practice", held in May 1996 inSt. Petersburg. In 1998 the Federation adopted the Ukrainian Association of Physiotherapists and health resort. One ofthe main problems is FEMTEC: cooperation of scientific institutions, exchange of information in the study oftechnological and scientific problems associated with water-and climate-through scientific committees, convening theannual congresses, conferences, symposia, seminars, publications, etc.
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Navarro Puerto, Ma Asunción, Iñaki Gutiérrez Ibarluzea, Oscar Guzmán Ruiz, Francisco Moniche Alvarez, Rocío Gómez Herreros, Ruth Engelhardt Pintiado, Antonio Reyes Dominguez i Ignacio Marín León. "Analysis of the quality of clinical practice guidelines on established ischemic stroke". International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 24, nr 03 (lipiec 2008): 333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462308080446.
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Objectives:To catalogue and comparatively assess the quality of Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) for ischemic stroke taking into account format and development methodology.Methods:We performed a comprehensive, systematic bibliographic search of CPGs addressing the management of ischemic stroke. We designed a sensitive strategy, using methodological filters in the following databases: Medline, IME and Lilacs, National Guidelines Clearinghouse, National electronic Library for Health, NICE, Guidelines International Network (GIN), Canadian Medical Association Infobase, development groups such as Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN), New Zealand Guidelines Group (NZGG), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Ministry of Health Singapore, Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement (ICSI); and scientific societies: American Heart Association, American Medical Association, Royal College of Physicians London. We included all CPGs published in English, French, Italian, Portuguese, or Spanish from 1999 to 2005 and excluded those CPGs whose scope was primary prevention and rehabilitation from ischemic stroke. Four researchers independently assessed the structure and methodologies followed in drafting the CPGs using the Changing Professional Practice (CPP) and Appraisal of Guidelines Research & Evaluation (AGREE) instruments.Results:We retrieved 117 documents; following application of exclusion criteria, twenty-seven CPGs were appraised. With regard to methodological quality (using the AGREE instrument), the domains that scored highest were “Scope and purpose” and “Clarity and presentation.” The lowest scoring domains were “Stakeholder involvement,” “Rigor of development,” and “Applicability.” Most guidelines received an overall score of “would not recommend” (77.8 percent). Finally, based on the CPP instrument, most of the CPGs evaluated were aimed at secondary care and did not provide updating procedures.Conclusions:The overall quality of the CPGs published for ischemic stroke management did not have minimum methodological quality. Quality improvement has been observed in more recent CPGs and may be due to the publication of new tools such as the AGREE or CPP instruments, as well as international initiatives for CPG improvement.
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Jewell, Amelia, Matthew Broadbent, Richard D. Hayes, Ruth Gilbert, Robert Stewart i Johnny Downs. "Impact of matching error on linked mortality outcome in a data linkage of secondary mental health data with Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) and mortality records in South East London: a cross-sectional study". BMJ Open 10, nr 7 (lipiec 2020): e035884. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035884.
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ObjectivesLinkage of electronic health records (EHRs) to Hospital Episode Statistics (HES)-Office for National Statistics (ONS) mortality data has provided compelling evidence for lower life expectancy in people with severe mental illness. However, linkage error may underestimate these estimates. Using a clinical sample (n=265 300) of individuals accessing mental health services, we examined potential biases introduced through missed matching and examined the impact on the association between clinical disorders and mortality.SettingThe South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM) is a secondary mental healthcare provider in London. A deidentified version of SLaM’s EHR was available via the Clinical Record Interactive Search system linked to HES-ONS mortality records.ParticipantsRecords from SLaM for patients active between January 2006 and December 2016.Outcome measuresTwo sources of death data were available for SLaM participants: accurate and contemporaneous date of death via local batch tracing (gold standard) and date of death via linked HES-ONS mortality data. The effect of linkage error on mortality estimates was evaluated by comparing sociodemographic and clinical risk factor analyses using gold standard death data against HES-ONS mortality records.ResultsOf the total sample, 93.74% were successfully matched to HES-ONS records. We found a number of statistically significant administrative, sociodemographic and clinical differences between matched and unmatched records. Of note, schizophrenia diagnosis showed a significant association with higher mortality using gold standard data (OR 1.08; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.15; p=0.02) but not in HES-ONS data (OR 1.05; 95% CI 0.98 to 1.13; p=0.16). Otherwise, little change was found in the strength of associated risk factors and mortality after accounting for missed matching bias.ConclusionsDespite significant clinical and sociodemographic differences between matched and unmatched records, changes in mortality estimates were minimal. However, researchers and policy analysts using HES-ONS linked resources should be aware that administrative linkage processes can introduce error.
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Simons, David, Olga Perski, Lion Shahab, Jamie Brown i Robin Bailey. "Association of smoking status with hospitalisation for COVID-19 compared with other respiratory viruses a year previous: a case-control study at a single UK National Health Service trust". F1000Research 10 (24.08.2021): 846. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.55502.1.
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Background: It is unclear whether smoking increases the risk of COVID-19 hospitalisation. We first examined the association of smoking status with hospitalisation for COVID-19 compared with hospitalisation for other respiratory viral infections a year previous. Second, we examined the concordance between smoking status recorded on the electronic health record (EHR) and the contemporaneous medical notes. Methods: This case-control study enrolled adult patients (446 cases and 211 controls) at a single National Health Service trust in London, UK. The outcome variable was type of hospitalisation (COVID-19 vs. another respiratory virus a year previous). The exposure variable was smoking status (never/former/current smoker). Logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic position and comorbidities were performed. The study protocol and analyses were pre-registered in April 2020 on the Open Science Framework. Results: Current smokers had lower odds of being hospitalised with COVID-19 compared with other respiratory viruses a year previous (ORadj=0.55, 95% CI=0.31-0.96, p=.04). There was no significant association among former smokers (ORadj=1.08, 95% CI=0.72-1.65, p=.70). Smoking status recorded on the EHR (compared with the contemporaneous medical notes) was incorrectly recorded for 168 (79.6%) controls (χ2(3)=256.5, p=<0.001) and 60 cases (13.5%) (χ2(3)=34.2, p=<0.001). Conclusions: In a single UK hospital trust, current smokers had reduced odds of being hospitalised with COVID-19 compared with other respiratory viruses a year previous, although it is unclear whether this association is causal. Targeted post-discharge recording of smoking status may account for the greater EHR-medical notes concordance observed in cases compared with controls.
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Simons, David, Olga Perski, Lion Shahab, Jamie Brown i Robin Bailey. "Association of smoking status with hospitalisation for COVID-19 compared with other respiratory viruses a year previous: a case-control study at a single UK National Health Service trust". F1000Research 10 (17.01.2022): 846. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.55502.3.
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Background: It is unclear whether smoking increases the risk of COVID-19 hospitalisation. We first examined the association of smoking status with hospitalisation for COVID-19 compared with hospitalisation for other respiratory viral infections a year previous. Second, we examined the concordance between smoking status recorded on the electronic health record (EHR) and the contemporaneous medical notes. Methods: This case-control study enrolled adult patients (446 cases and 211 controls) at a single National Health Service trust in London, UK. The outcome variable was type of hospitalisation (COVID-19 vs. another respiratory virus a year previous). The exposure variable was smoking status (never/former/current smoker). Logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic position and comorbidities were performed. The study protocol and analyses were pre-registered in April 2020 on the Open Science Framework. Results: Current smokers had lower odds of being hospitalised with COVID-19 compared with other respiratory viruses a year previous (ORadj=0.55, 95% CI=0.31-0.96, p=.04). There was no significant association among former smokers (ORadj=1.08, 95% CI=0.72-1.65, p=.70). Smoking status recorded on the EHR (compared with the contemporaneous medical notes) was incorrectly recorded for 168 (79.6%) controls (χ2(3)=256.5, p=<0.001) and 60 cases (13.5%) (χ2(3)=34.2, p=<0.001). Conclusions: In a single UK hospital trust, current smokers had reduced odds of being hospitalised with COVID-19 compared with other respiratory viruses a year previous, although it is unclear whether this association is causal. Targeted post-discharge recording of smoking status may account for the greater EHR-medical notes concordance observed in cases compared with controls.
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Simons, David, Olga Perski, Lion Shahab, Jamie Brown i Robin Bailey. "Association of smoking status with hospitalisation for COVID-19 compared with other respiratory viruses a year previous: a case-control study at a single UK National Health Service trust". F1000Research 10 (15.11.2021): 846. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.55502.2.
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Background: It is unclear whether smoking increases the risk of COVID-19 hospitalisation. We first examined the association of smoking status with hospitalisation for COVID-19 compared with hospitalisation for other respiratory viral infections a year previous. Second, we examined the concordance between smoking status recorded on the electronic health record (EHR) and the contemporaneous medical notes. Methods: This case-control study enrolled adult patients (446 cases and 211 controls) at a single National Health Service trust in London, UK. The outcome variable was type of hospitalisation (COVID-19 vs. another respiratory virus a year previous). The exposure variable was smoking status (never/former/current smoker). Logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic position and comorbidities were performed. The study protocol and analyses were pre-registered in April 2020 on the Open Science Framework. Results: Current smokers had lower odds of being hospitalised with COVID-19 compared with other respiratory viruses a year previous (ORadj=0.55, 95% CI=0.31-0.96, p=.04). There was no significant association among former smokers (ORadj=1.08, 95% CI=0.72-1.65, p=.70). Smoking status recorded on the EHR (compared with the contemporaneous medical notes) was incorrectly recorded for 168 (79.6%) controls (χ2(3)=256.5, p=<0.001) and 60 cases (13.5%) (χ2(3)=34.2, p=<0.001). Conclusions: In a single UK hospital trust, current smokers had reduced odds of being hospitalised with COVID-19 compared with other respiratory viruses a year previous, although it is unclear whether this association is causal. Targeted post-discharge recording of smoking status may account for the greater EHR-medical notes concordance observed in cases compared with controls.
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THORPE, ASHLEY. "Transforming Tradition: Performances of Jingju (‘Beijing Opera’) in the UK". Theatre Research International 36, nr 1 (21.12.2010): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883310000702.
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Jingju (‘Beijing opera’) is China's most iconic traditional theatre, marketed as a global signifier of Chinese theatre and national identity. Although troupes from mainland China regularly tour Europe, audiences in the UK have also had access to Jingju via two indigenous organizations: the UK Beijing Opera Society (now defunct) and the London Jing Kun Opera Association (now in its ninth year). These organizations consist of Chinese, overseas Chinese and Western performers performing both Jingju and Kunju (‘Kun opera’). Where there is a mix of ethnicity, can ‘traditional Chinese theatre’ still be conceived of as ‘traditional’? How is Jingju mapped onto non-Chinese bodies? Can Jingju performances by ethnically white performers reflect diasporic identities? Drawing on the theories of Judith Butler and Homi Bhabha, this article argues that by highlighting the performativity of identity, the performance of Jingju by non-Chinese performers challenges the notion of Jingju as a global signifier of ‘authentic traditional Chinese theatre’.
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Embrechts, P. "How to Model Operational Risk, If You Must. Lecture to The Faculty of Actuaries". British Actuarial Journal 12, nr 1 (1.03.2006): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357321700004670.
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INTRODUCTIONThe second Lecturer to the Faculty of Actuaries is Professor Paul Embrechts, Professor of Mathematics at the ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich), specialising in actuarial mathematics and mathematical finance. His previous academic positions include ones at the Universities of Leuven, Limburg and London (Imperial College), and he has held visiting appointments at various other universities. He is an elected Fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics, an Honorary Fellow of the Institute of Actuaries, a Corresponding Member of the Italian Institute of Actuaries, Editor of the ASTIN Bulletin, on the Advisory Board of Finance and Stochastics and Associate Editor of numerous scientific journals. He is a member of the Board of the Swiss Association of Actuaries and belongs to various national and international research and academic advisory committees. His areas of specialisation include insurance risk theory, integrated risk management, the interplay between insurance and finance and the modelling of rare events.
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Curtis, Tyrone J., Alison J. Rodger, Fiona Burns, Anthony Nardone, Andrew Copas i Sonali Wayal. "Patterns of sexualised recreational drug use and its association with risk behaviours and sexual health outcomes in men who have sex with men in London, UK: a comparison of cross-sectional studies conducted in 2013 and 2016". Sexually Transmitted Infections 96, nr 3 (19.11.2019): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2019-054139.
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ObjectiveLondon has one of the highest identified prevalence of chemsex (sexualised recreational drug use) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Europe. We examine MSM’s patterns of chemsex and its association with HIV/STI risk behaviours, STI diagnoses and sexual healthcare-seeking behaviours, including if HIV testing behaviour met UK national guidelines (three monthly if engaging in chemsex).MethodsCross-sectional survey data from 2013 (n=905) and 2016 (n=739) were collected using anonymous, self-administered questionnaires from MSM recruited in commercial gay venues in London, UK. Descriptive and multivariable analyses, stratified by self-reported HIV status, were conducted. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) with 95% CIs were calculated.ResultsComparing the 2013 and 2016 surveys, chemsex prevalence in the past year remained stable, in both HIV-negative/unknown-status MSM (20.9% in 2013 vs 18.7% in 2016, p=0.301) and HIV-positive MSM (41.6% in 2013 vs 41.7% in 2016, p=0.992). Combined 2013–2016 data showed that compared with other MSM, those reporting chemsex were more likely to report HIV/STI risk behaviours, including condomless anal intercourse with serodifferent HIV-status partners (HIV-negative/unknown-status men: aPR 2.36, 95% CI 1.68 to 3.30; HIV-positive men: aPR 4.19, 95% CI 1.85 to 9.50), and STI diagnoses in the past year (HIV-negative/unknown-status men: aPR 2.10, 95% CI 1.64 to 2.69; HIV-positive men: aPR 2.56, 95% CI 1.57 to 4.20). 68.6% of HIV-negative/unknown-status men reporting chemsex attended sexual health clinics and 47.6% had tested for HIV more than once in the past year.ConclusionsChemsex in London MSM remained stable but high, particularly among HIV-positive men. Irrespective of HIV status, chemsex was associated with engagement in HIV/STI risk behaviours. Frequency of HIV testing in the past year among HIV-negative/unknown-status men was below national recommendations. Promoting combination prevention strategies, including three monthly HIV/STI testing, access to pre-exposure prophylaxis/antiretroviral treatment and behavioural interventions among MSM reporting chemsex, remains vital to address sexual health inequalities in MSM.
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Bykowska-Derda, Aleksandra, Marcin Spychala, Magdalena Czlapka-Matyasik, Mariusz Sojka, Jerzy Bykowski i Mariusz Ptak. "The Relationship between Mortality from Cardiovascular Diseases and Total Drinking Water Hardness: Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis". Foods 12, nr 17 (29.08.2023): 3255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12173255.
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Background: Interest in water chemical activity, its content, and its impact on human health has greatly increased throughout the last decade. Some studies suggest that drinking water with high hardness may have preventative effects on cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to investigate the association between drinking water hardness and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Methods: The study selection process was designed to find the association between drinking water hardness and CVDs mortality. The search included both qualitative and quantitative research and was performed in three databases: Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics, Ann Arbor, MI, USA), PubMed (National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA), and Scopus (Elsevier, RELX Group plc, London, UK). The project was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), registration number: CRD42020213102. Results: Seventeen studies out of a total of twenty-five studies qualitatively analyzed indicated a significant relation between total water hardness and protection from CVD mortality. The quantitative analysis concluded that high drinking water hardness has a significantly lowering effect on mortality from CVDs, however, the heterogeneity was high. Conclusions: This systematic literature review shows that total water hardness could affect CVD prevention and mortality. Due to the many confounding factors in the studies, more research is needed.
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de Brito, Marianne, Amy Johnson, Sue Schilling, Leila Asfour i Nick J. Levell. "BH10 Unequal National Health Service wig provision: toupée or no toupée, that is the question?" British Journal of Dermatology 191, Supplement_1 (28.06.2024): i77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjd/ljae090.157.
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Abstract The psychological impact of alopecia on patients’ quality of life can be significant. Patients may experience loss of confidence, discrimination, social anxiety and other mental health disorders as a result. In the absence of effective and well-tolerated treatments available in the National Health Service (NHS) to treat the underlying cause of the alopecia, wigs can provide an opportunity for patients to live confidently, free of stigma and visible differences. The Alopecia UK Charter for Best Practice for Wigs Provision aimed to support fair and equitable wig provision across the UK, work that was supported by NHS England and NHS Improvement. We investigated wig provision across nonprivate patients in the UK via an online survey. We circulated a three-question, 1-minute survey to dermatology doctors and healthcare professionals seeing nonprivate patients within NHS trusts (England), health boards (Wales and Scotland) or health and social care trusts (Northern Ireland). This was via the Alopecia UK stand at the British Association of Dermatologists (BAD) Annual Meeting 2023, to the circulation of the British Hair and Nail Society membership and events, and via the BAD newsletter. We received 73 responses. Overall, for nonprivate patients with severe alopecia, most reported that wig provision would be straightforward (52%), but a large minority reported variable difficulty, due to patient or other factors (33%), and 5% reported it would be impossible. The remaining 10% did not know. There were respondents from all regions of the UK, with most from England: 59 (Northern Ireland: 2, Scotland: 3, Wales: 7, not stated: 2). The best-represented regions in England were the Midlands (14), the North West (14), North East and Yorkshire (10) and London (9), but there were responses from all regions. There was widespread variation in access to wig provision by different regions. All respondents from Scotland (3 of 3) and the South West (2 of 2) reported wig provision was straightforward, while all respondents from Northern Ireland (2 of 2) reported variable difficulty. At least 50% of the respondents from the East of England, London, Midlands, South East and North West reported wig provision was not straightforward. The findings of this survey reveal widespread variation in ease of access to wig provision throughout different regions of the UK. This demonstrates a lack of equality between patients with alopecia in different regions of the UK and impacts on patient choice. This goes against the Alopecia UK Charter for Best Practice for Wigs Provision. We hope that these findings will have implications at health policy level to improve and standardize access for all patients with alopecia who want and need a wig.
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Luney, Matthew Stephen, William Lindsay, Tricia M. McKeever i Iain Keith Moppett. "Cerebrovascular accident and acute coronary syndrome and perioperative outcomes (CAPO) study protocol: a 10-year database linkage between Hospital Episode Statistics Admitted Patient Care, Myocardial Infarction National Audit Project and Office for National Statistics registries for time-dependent risk analysis of perioperative outcomes in English NHS hospitals". BMJ Open 10, nr 10 (październik 2020): e037904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037904.
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IntroductionAn increasing number of people who have a history of acute coronary syndrome or cerebrovascular accident (termed cardiovascular events) are being considered for surgery. Up-to-date evidence of the impact of these prior events is needed to inform person-centred decision making. While perioperative risk for major adverse cardiac events immediately after a cardiovascular event is known to be elevated, the duration of time after the event for which the perioperative risk is increased is not clear.Methods and analysisThis is an individual patient-level database linkage study of all patients in England with at least one operation between 2007 and 2017 in the Hospital Episode Statistics Admitted Patient Care database. Data will be linked to mortality data from the Office for National Statistics up to 2018, for 30-day, 90-day and 1-year mortality and to the Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project, a UK registry of acute coronary syndromes. The primary outcome will be the association between time from cardiovascular event to index surgery and 30-day all-cause mortality. Additional associations we will report are all unplanned readmissions, prolonged length of stay, 30-day hospital free survival and incidence of new cardiovascular events within one postoperative year. Important subgroups will be surgery specific (invasiveness, urgency and subspecialty), type of acute coronary syndrome (ST or non-ST elevation myocardial infarction) and type of cerebrovascular accident (ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke).Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for this observational study has been obtained from East Midlands—Nottingham 1 Research Ethics Committee; REC reference: 18/EM0403. The results of the study will be made available through peer-reviewed publications and via the Health Services Research Centre of the Royal College of Anaesthetists, London.
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Patel, Bharatkumar, Katie Hopkins, Daniele Meunier, Peter Staves, Susan Hopkins i Neil Woodford. "A Ten-Year Review of Carbapenemase Producing Enterobacterales (CPE) in London, United Kingdom". Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (październik 2020): s6—s7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.477.
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Background: To determine the pattern of CPE observed in a single region in the United Kingdom. Methods: From 2009 to 2018, clinical laboratories in England were requested to send suspected CPE from all sites to the national reference laboratory for confirmation and investigation of carbapenem resistance mechanism(s). Isolates of Enterobacterales from London laboratories and confirmed to have 1 or more carbapenemase genes were included in the analysis. Result: Between 2009 and 2018, 5,133 isolates were confirmed to produce a carbapenemase; at least 1 CPE was identified in every London Laboratory and hospital. Confirmations increased from 28 isolates in 2009 to 1857 in 2018 and with a sharp rise after the introduction of the ‘PHE toolkit’ in 2013 (Fig. 1). Most CPE (2655, 51.7%) were from rectal screens (the 3 most frequently identified carbapenemase families were OXA-48–like in 1,263 isolates, NDM in 971 and IMP in 128), 631 (12.3%) were from urine samples, 180 (3.5%) from blood cultures, 103 (2.0%) from sputum specimens and the remainder (1564, 30.5%) were swabs, fluids and tissues from various body sites. Moreover, 51 CPE (1%) were identified from environmental swabs. Isolates were predominantly Klebsiella spp (2,525, 49%; 2,088 were K. pneumoniae), followed by Escherichia coli (1,434, 27.9%), Enterobacter spp (746, 14.5%; 605 were E. cloacae complex), and Citrobacter spp (349, 6.8%); 10 other species contributed smaller numbers. Within the carbapenemase families, OXA-48-like enzymes predominated overall (2303, 44.9%), followed by NDM (1822, 35.5%), IMP (313, 6.1%), VIM (207, 4.0%), NDM+OXA-48-like (205, 4.0%), and KPC (196, 3.8%). The first detection of a CPE with 2 distinct enzymes occurred in 2012 (OXA-48-like and NDM) and since then 235 co-detections have been identified; 233 related to OXA-48-like with another gene. Conclusion: The first CPE isolate in London was identified in 2003, a Klebsiella spp with a VIM enzyme. The number of isolates submitted to the national reference laboratory has continued to increase year on year. VIM and NDM carbapenemases predominated in the early years, because of their association with several outbreaks; these have now been overwhelmed by OXA-48-like detections and outbreaks. The increasing numbers of CPE with a combination of a metallo- and a non-metallo carbapenemase increases the therapeutic challenges to treat infected patients. Bacteremia caused by CPE remains rare, suggesting that infection prevention and control efforts are having some impact. However, as colonization prevalence increases, the number of clinical infections will rise in the future unless control measures to limit transmission and spread are improved.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None
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Lees, AJ. "1 Soulful neurology". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 91, nr 8 (20.07.2020): e1.2-e1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2020-bnpa.1.
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Born on Merseyside, Andrew Lees qualified in medicine at the Royal London Hospital Medical College in 1970. His neurological training was at University College London Hospitals and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square. He also spent 1 year at L’Hopital Salpetriere, Paris. He has achieved international recognition for his work on Parkinson’s disease and abnormal movement disorders. He is an original member of the Highly-Cited Researchers ISI Database with an h-index of 130. Founder member of the international Movement Disorder Society, he was elected President (2004–2006) and co-edited the Movement Disorders Journal between 1995 and 2003. In 2006, he was awarded the Movement Disorders Research Award by the American Academy of Neurology and he was awarded the Association of British Neurologists Medal in 2015.At the age of thirty-two he was appointed to the consultant staff at the National Hospitals, The Middlesex, and Whittington Hospitals and in 1987 was elected a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians. He was later appointed Professor of Neurology at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square and was Director of the Reta Lila Weston Institute for Neurological Studies (1998–2012). He was Clinical Director of the Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders (1985–2012) and Director of the Sara Koe PSP Research Centre (2002–2012).He is a Visiting Professor at the University of Liverpool and Queen Mary University of London, and has close collaborations with several Brazilian universities. For his contributions to Brazilian neurology he was elected as an overseas member of the Academia Nacional de Medicina and the Academia Brasileira de Neurologia. He was elected as a Council member of the Academy of Medical Sciences 2012–2015 and appointed as an Expert Adviser for the UK Government National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Centre for Guidelines (2006–2019). He received the Bing Spear Award in 2016 for outstanding contributions towards saner drug policies.He has delivered the Gowers Memorial Lecture at the National Hospital, The Inaugural Lord Brain Memorial Lecture at Bart’s and the Royal London Hospitals and David Marsden Memorial Lecture at the European Federation of Neurological Societies. He was the recipient of Stanley Fahn Lectureship Award at the MDS Dublin 2012, and has been awarded the German Society of Neurology’s 2012 Dingebauer Prize for outstanding scientific attainment in the field of Parkinson’s disease and Neurodegenerative Disorders, the Jay Van Andel award for outstanding research in Parkinson’s disease in 2014, and the Parkinson Canada’s Donald Calne Award and Lectureship for 2017.Through a process of reasoning that left little to the imagination the neurologists at The Royal London Hospital where I trained pulled black swans and zebras from their hats. During my training I was led to understand that it was just a matter of time before all disorders of the brain would be worked out and categorised in terms of anatomical electrical and chemical connections. This rational approach drew me in, and I selected diseases of the nervous system as my specialist subject.My first two neurology chiefs at University College Hospital were inspirational and kind. They warned me that it would take many years to learn how to join up the dots and become proficient at knowing where to look. One of them recommended that I should use textbooks only for reference but that I should read the Sherlock Holmes canon. Over time I came to understand that neurologists and criminal detectives both seek hidden truths and meanings in narrative and that both rely on a rigorous tried and tested method that pays attention to detail. Sherlock Holmes provided a romantic bridge to William Gowers and the serious business of neurology.Clinical research and a curiosity for cures should be an integral part of neurology William Seward Burroughs, who had appeared out of nowhere on the cover of Sergeant Pepper became my unlikely source of inspiration. He introduced me to the idea that nothing happens by chance and that novel scientific discoveries rely heavily on personally distinctive actions. He also helped me to understand that art is a complementary source of truth that enlists inventiveness to transport science beyond the acquisition of fact.
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Millard, Scott. "National Recording Project2004158National Recording Project. London: Public Monument and Sculpture Association 2003 to date. Last visited December 2003. Gratis URL: http://pmsa.courtauld.ac.uk/home/dtbfrm.html". Reference Reviews 18, nr 3 (kwiecień 2004): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09504120410528342.
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Saeidpour, Arash, Shweta Bansal i Pejman Rohani. "Dissecting recurrent waves of pertussis across the boroughs of London". PLOS Computational Biology 18, nr 4 (14.04.2022): e1009898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009898.
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Pertussis has resurfaced in the UK, with incidence levels not seen since the 1980s. While the fundamental causes of this resurgence remain the subject of much conjecture, the study of historical patterns of pathogen diffusion can be illuminating. Here, we examined time series of pertussis incidence in the boroughs of Greater London from 1982 to 2013 to document the spatial epidemiology of this bacterial infection and to identify the potential drivers of its percolation. The incidence of pertussis over this period is characterized by 3 distinct stages: a period exhibiting declining trends with 4-year inter-epidemic cycles from 1982 to 1994, followed by a deep trough until 2006 and the subsequent resurgence. We observed systematic temporal trends in the age distribution of cases and the fade-out profile of pertussis coincident with increasing national vaccine coverage from 1982 to 1990. To quantify the hierarchy of epidemic phases across the boroughs of London, we used the Hilbert transform. We report a consistent pattern of spatial organization from 1982 to the early 1990s, with some boroughs consistently leading epidemic waves and others routinely lagging. To determine the potential drivers of these geographic patterns, a comprehensive parallel database of borough-specific features was compiled, comprising of demographic, movement and socio-economic factors that were used in statistical analyses to predict epidemic phase relationships among boroughs. Specifically, we used a combination of a feed-forward neural network (FFNN), and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values to quantify the contribution of each covariate to model predictions. Our analyses identified a number of predictors of a borough’s historical epidemic phase, specifically the age composition of households, the number of agricultural and skilled manual workers, latitude, the population of public transport commuters and high-occupancy households. Univariate regression analysis of the 2012 epidemic identified the ratio of cumulative unvaccinated children to the total population and population of Pakistan-born population to have moderate positive and negative association, respectively, with the timing of epidemic. In addition to providing a comprehensive overview of contemporary pertussis transmission in a large metropolitan population, this study has identified the characteristics that determine the spatial spread of this bacterium across the boroughs of London.
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Hards, Marcus, Andrew Brewer, Gareth Bessant i Sumitra Lahiri. "Efficacy of Prehospital Analgesia with Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block for Femoral Bone Fractures: A Systematic Review". Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 33, nr 3 (czerwiec 2018): 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x18000365.
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AbstractIntroductionFemoral fractures are painful injuries frequently encountered by prehospital practitioners. Systemic opioids are commonly used to manage the pain after a femoral fracture; however, regional techniques for providing analgesia may provide superior targeted pain relief and reduce opioid requirements. Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block (FICB) has been described as inexpensive and does not require special skills or equipment to perform, giving it the potential to be a suitable prehospital intervention.ProblemThe purpose of this systematic review is to summarize published evidence on the prehospital use of FICB in patients of any age suffering femoral fractures; in particular, to investigate the effects of a prehospital FICB on pain scores and patient satisfaction, and to assess the feasibility and safety of a prehospital FICB, including the success rates, any delays to scene time, and any documented adverse effects.MethodsA literature search of MEDLINE/PubMED, Embase, OVID, Scopus, the Cochrane Database, and Web of Science was conducted from January 1, 1989 through February 1, 2017. In addition, reference lists of review articles were reviewed and the contents pages of the British Journal of Anaesthesia (The Royal College of Anaesthetists [London, UK]; The College of Anaesthetists of Ireland [Dublin, Ireland]; and The Hong Kong College of Anaesthesiologists [Aberdeen, Hong Kong]) 2016 along with the journal Prehospital Emergency Care (National Association of Emergency Medical Service Physicians [Overland Park, Kansas USA]; National Association of State Emergency Medical Service Officials [Falls Church, Virginia USA]; National Association of Emergency Medical Service Educators [Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania USA]; and the National Association of Emergency Medical Technicians [Clinton, Mississippi USA]) 2016 were hand searched. Each study was evaluated for its quality and its validity and was assigned a level of evidence according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM; Oxford, UK).ResultsSeven studies involving 699 patients were included (one randomized controlled trial [RCT], four prospective observational studies, one retrospective observational study, and one case report). Pain scores reduced after prehospital FICB across all studies, and some achieved a level of significance to support this. Out of a total of 254 prehospital FICBs, there was a success rate of 90% and only one adverse effect reported. Few studies have investigated the effects of prehospital FICB on patient satisfaction or scene time delays.Conclusions and Relevance:The FICB is suitable for use in the prehospital environment for the management of femoral fractures. It has few adverse effects and can be performed with a high success rate by practitioners of any background. Studies suggest that FICB is a useful analgesic technique, although further research is required to investigate its effectiveness compared to systemic opioids.HardsM, BrewerA, BessantG, LahiriS. Efficacy of prehospital analgesia with Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block for femoral bone fractures: a systematic review. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(3):299-307.