Artykuły w czasopismach: „Logician”

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Burger, Max. "Logician". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 278, nr 16 (22.10.1997): 1380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1997.03550160102053.

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El-Rouayheb, Khaled. "“Mubārakshāh the Logician”". Intellectual History of the Islamicate World 9, nr 1-2 (19.12.2019): 115–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2212943x-00801101.

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Abstract A scholar known as “Mubārakshāh” features in sources from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries as a teacher of a number of prominent early Ottoman scholars, and of the influential Persian scholar al-Sayyid al-Sharīf al-Jurjānī (d. 816/1413). According to these sources, Mubārakshāh taught in Cairo in the mid- to late fourteenth century. Yet, despite the large number of Mamluk historical works covering this period, the precise identity of this scholar has so far proven elusive. The present article reviews the evidence and makes an identification that, though circumstantial, may be more satisfying than those that have been offered so far. It suggests that “Mubārakshāh” was a nickname, and that he can plausibly be identified with Maḥmūd b. Quṭlūshāh al-Sarāʾī, who taught in Cairo from 1358 until his death in 1373.

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Orman Quine, Wlllard Van. "Peano as logician". History and Philosophy of Logic 8, nr 1 (styczeń 1987): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01445348708837105.

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Fontaine, Matthieu. "Hintikka, Free Logician". Logica Universalis 13, nr 2 (31.07.2018): 179–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11787-018-0197-4.

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Shapiro, Stewart. "The Guru, the Logician, and the Deflationist: Truth and Logical Consequence". Noûs 37, nr 1 (12.02.2003): 113–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0068.00431.

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Jacquette, Dale. "Confessions of a Meinongian Logician". Grazer Philosophische Studien 58 (2000): 151–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/gps200058/5921.

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Jacquette, Dale. "CONFESSIONS OF A MEINONGIAN LOGICIAN". Grazer Philosophische studien 58, nr 1 (12.08.2000): 151–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756735-90000723.

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BRAUER, ETHAN. "RELEVANCE FOR THE CLASSICAL LOGICIAN". Review of Symbolic Logic 13, nr 2 (6.11.2018): 436–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755020318000382.

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AbstractAlthough much technical and philosophical attention has been given to relevance logics, the notion of relevance itself is generally left at an intuitive level. It is difficult to find in the literature an explicit account of relevance in formal reasoning. In this article I offer a formal explication of the notion of relevance in deductive logic and argue that this notion has an interesting place in the study of classical logic. The main idea is that a premise is relevant to an argument when it contributes to the validity of that argument. I then argue that the sequents which best embody this ideal of relevance are the so-called perfect sequents—that is, sequents which are valid but have no proper subsequents that are valid. Church’s theorem entails that there is no recursively axiomatizable proof-system that proves all and only the perfect sequents, so the project that emerges from studying perfection in classical logic is not one of finding a perfect subsystem of classical logic, but is rather a comparative study of classifying subsystems of classical logic according to how well they approximate the ideal of perfection.

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Fessenden, Marissa. "The Logician and the Engineer". Scientific American 307, nr 5 (16.10.2012): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican1112-84c.

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Englebretsen, George. "The Logician and the Biologist". Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum 7, nr 1 (20.06.2019): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.11590/abhps.2019.1.03.

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van Inwagen, Peter. "“Carnap” and “the Polish logician”". Acta Analytica 17, nr 1 (marzec 2002): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03177504.

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Mercer, Christia. "Leibniz on Mathematics, Methodology, and the Good: A Reconsideration of the Place of Mathematics in Leibniz's Philosophy". Early Science and Medicine 11, nr 4 (2006): 424–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338206778915170.

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AbstractScholars have long been interested in the relation between Leibniz, the metaphysician-theologian, and Leibniz, the logician-mathematician. In this collection, we consider the important roles that rhetoric and the "art of thinking" have played in the development of mathematical ideas. By placing Leibniz in this rhetorical tradition, the present essay shows the extent to which he was a rhetorical thinker, and thereby answers the question about the relation between his work as a logician-mathematician and his other work. It becomes clear that mathematics and logic are a part of his rhetorical methodology, because they constitute one set of tools that he used to excavate the truth. Mathematical and logical insights are thus all part of his "art of thinking," employed in the service of philosophy.

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Karivets', Ihor. "Elements, Types and Consequences of Scientific Creativity. Foreword to the Ukrainian Translation of Jan Łukasiewicz’s article “Creativity in Science”". Humanitarian vision 6, nr 2 (25.11.2020): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/shv2020.02.040.

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For the first time, the article “Creativity in Science” by Jan Łukasiewicz, a well-known representative of the Lviv-Warsaw School, logician and methodologist of science, was translated into Ukrainian. A well-known logician refutes the thesis that sciences exist only to reproduce facts and establish truths based on them. Sciences exist to meet the intellectual needs of man, which are manifested in his desire to understand. Reasoning is a creative act that includes demonstration, deduction, affirmation and understanding, as well as creation of hypotheses. Scientific creativity consists in the formulation of constructive judgments, which are combined into certain syntheses, which can be called theories. They become scientific only when there are combined with logical relations of entailment and inference.

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Van Cleve, James. "Analyticity, Undeniability, and Truth". Canadian Journal of Philosophy Supplementary Volume 18 (1992): 89–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1992.10717299.

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In his 1970 book Philosophy of Logic, Quine propounds what he calls ‘the deviant logician’s predicament’: when a reformist logician tries to deny a law of classical logic, he succeeds only in changing the subject. This position, summed up in the aphorisms’ deny the doctrine and change the subject’ and’ an illogical culture is a mistranslated one,’ has struck many of Quine’s readers as backsliding. The old Quine denied that any statements whatever are analytic in the sense of being true solely in virtue of what they mean; the new Quine holds that certain laws of logic cannot be denied without changing the meanings of the logical connectives. Does not the position of the new Quine invest logical laws precisely with the status ‘true solely in virtue of what they mean’?

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Richards, Sinan. "The Logician of Madness: Fanon's Lacan". Paragraph 44, nr 2 (lipiec 2021): 214–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/para.2021.0366.

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In recent years, commentators have begun to re-examine the proximity of Frantz Fanon's and Jacques Lacan's work — a proximity which has traditionally been underappreciated. This article adds to these voices, demonstrating the reciprocal intellectual relationship between these two figures. It develops five interrelated arguments to chart this proximity. First, it emphasizes Lacan's and Fanon's connections through their ontological perspectives on madness. Second, it arbitrates the two theorists’ criticisms of the limits of Western psychoanalysis. Third, it shows the importance placed by both on social structures in determining mental illnesses. Next, it demonstrates the centrality of their common understanding of psychosis. Finally, it argues that Lacan's argument in The Sinthome concerning the colonizer's power is inherited from Fanon's Black Skin, White Masks — itself influenced by Lacan's early theory of language. The article does not attempt to cast Fanon as an apprentice Lacanian but rather to argue that reciprocity helped shape both oeuvres.

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Daisy Systems Corporation. "Personal logician 386 for CAE applications". Computer-Aided Design 19, nr 6 (lipiec 1987): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-4485(87)90310-1.

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Schmitt, Charles B. "George Lokert, Late-Scholastic Logician (review)". Journal of the History of Philosophy 24, nr 3 (1986): 407–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hph.1986.0060.

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Perreiah, Alan R. "George Lokert: Late-Scholastic Logician. Alexander Broadie". Speculum 60, nr 3 (lipiec 1985): 651–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2848186.

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Cummings, Louise. "The public health scientist as informal logician". International Journal of Public Health 57, nr 3 (6.12.2011): 649–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00038-011-0325-x.

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McOuat, Gordon. "The logical systematist: George Bentham and his Outline of a new system of logic". Archives of Natural History 30, nr 2 (październik 2003): 203–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2003.30.2.203.

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George Bentham was not only a great natural historian, he was, initially, a philosopher and logician of enormous promise. His first published work, the oft-forgotten Outline of a new system of logic (1827) has been heralded by some as the opening salvo in the overthrow of the Aristotelian syllogism's grip on logical inference. The move was a defiant political gesture. The young Bentham composed Outline in close concert with his famous uncle, the great utilitarian Jeremy Bentham, expanding and evolving Jeremy's attempts at a new logical system. Bentham meant Outline to be a contribution to the development of the whole utilitarian project. Yet, after 1827, Bentham was never again to write explicitly on logic and philosophy. His heart seemed to lie in natural history, his first love. However, Bentham never really abandoned the utilitarian picture of logic and philosophy. Recent discoveries in the Bentham papers reveal the strong connection between the Benthamite attack on received philosophical categories and George's role in the development of modern institutional natural history. Bentham the logician can be discovered in Bentham the reformist naturalist. This paper examines Bentham's role in the development of the “new” logic and attempts to explore the notions of a reformed naturalism in his later works. This offers an explanation for Bentham's cautious response to the second great revolution of the nineteenth century: the Darwinian revolution.

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Lu-Adler, Huaping. "Kant on the Logical Form of Singular Judgements". Kantian Review 19, nr 3 (30.09.2014): 367–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1369415414000168.

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AbstractAt A71/B96–7 Kant explains that singular judgements are ‘special’ because they stand to the general ones asEinheittoUnendlichkeit. The reference toEinheitbrings to mind the category of unity and hence raises a spectre of circularity in Kant’s explanation. I aim to remove this spectre by interpreting theEinheit-Unendlichkeitcontrast in light of the logical distinctions among universal, particular and singular judgments shared by Kant and his logician predecessors. This interpretation has a further implication for resolving a controversy over the correlation between the logical moments of quantity (universal, particular, singular) and the categorial ones (unity, plurality, totality).

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Davis, Martin. "The Logician and the Engineer—A Book Review". Notices of the American Mathematical Society 60, nr 09 (1.10.2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/noti1046.

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Bacon, Andrew. "Can the Classical Logician Avoid the Revenge Paradoxes?:". Philosophical Review 124, nr 3 (lipiec 2015): 299–352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00318108-2895327.

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MECHOUET, Terkia, i Farid ZIDANI. "LUKASIEWICZ’S APPROACH TO SYLLOGISTIC: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS STUDY". RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 04, nr 04 (1.07.2022): 491–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.18.32.

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There is no theory which has received a big interest historically as Aristotelian syllogistic, despite the criticisms to which the theory was exposed by philosophers and logicians like Francis Bacon and Jean Stuart mill in their philosophical and logical works, they considered it as an epistemological obstacle to the development of scientific knowledge, and there is a need to get over it to new method and process, but It is still an interesting subject of study and updated by many logicians to nowadays. The most prominent attempts: the Intentional approach opposite to the comprehensive one, then the approach of the logician and philosopher Ian Łukasiewicz, who tried to read the syllogistic theory with the use of accurate and rigorous analysis tool in classical logic, which is the calculi of propositions where he considered the real form of Aristotelian syllogism moods is conditional (If ... so), i.e., as computable logical laws not inferential rules (If ... then). In order to reach this purpose Łukasiewicz present his hypotheses, some of them are verified for the others he have had to make several interpretations to make his theory consistent. These interpretations took him away from the spirit of the theory and from the essence of what did Aristotle. This made his approach the subject of numerous and harsh criticisms. This is what we will try to show it through a critical analysis to some hypotheses which he presented in his book “Aristotle’s Syllogistic from the standpoint of Modern Formal Logic”.

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Goncharko, Oksana Yu, i Dmitry N. Goncharko. "A Byzantine Logician’s “Image” within the Second Iconoclastic Controversy. Nikephoros of Constantinople". Scrinium 13, nr 1 (28.11.2017): 291–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18177565-00131p20.

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The article is devoted to the study of the single example of logical education in Byzantium – the famous two pages from the hagiography of Patriarch Nikephoros (†829) containing the list of chapter headings copied by Ignatios the Diacon from an elementary textbook of logic. It is argued that, during the disputes of the second iconoclastic controversy, Patriarch Nikephoros implemented almost all the elements of logical knowledge listed by Ignatios. The article represents a short overview connecting the standard logical topics from the 8th- and 9th-century education program with the variety of arguments and techniques used by Nikephoros in the Major Apology and the Antirrhetics. The authors try to reconstruct the “image” of Patriarch Nikephoros as a logician and to describe the logical educational standard of his epoch.

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ONO, Motoi. "On Kumarila's karikas Quoted by the Buddhist Logician, Jayanta". JOURNAL OF INDIAN AND BUDDHIST STUDIES (INDOGAKU BUKKYOGAKU KENKYU) 45, nr 1 (1996): 339–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4259/ibk.45.339.

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Cass, Jeff, i Erin Clair. "The Rhinoceros and the Logician: Administration in the Pandemic". CEA Critic 82, nr 3 (2020): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cea.2020.0033.

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Flanagan, Brian. "Analyticity and the Deviant Logician: Williamson’s Argument from Disagreement". Acta Analytica 28, nr 3 (22.09.2012): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12136-012-0172-2.

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Özpilavcı, Ferruh. "An Investigation on the Translation of Asâs al-Iqtibâs fi'l-Mantık, which was translated into Arabic by Mullā Ḫüsrev by the Order of Mehmed II the Conqueror". Journal of The Near East University Islamic Research Center 7, nr 1 (22.06.2021): 3–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32955/neu.istem.2021.7.1.01.

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The Islamic world in the 13th century is a very scientifically productive period, when great logicians and great works emerged in terms of logic. Undoubtedly, one of the leading figures of this century in the field of philosophy and logic is the great mathematician, logician and philosopher Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī (d. 1274). Al-Tūsī, who has produced many valuable works, has written his work named Asâs al-Iqtibâs fi'l-Mantık. (The Basis of Acquisition). It has been modeled on the famous encyclopedic philosophical work of Ibn Sīnā-Avicenna (d. 1037), the first nine books of Kitâb al-Şifā (The Cure) on logic. The work has been among the masterpieces of the history of Islamic logic with its competent expression and original contributions, encompassing all matters up to its age. Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II The Conqueror (r. 1451-1481), who carried out important activities in the scientific and cultural field as well as his achievements in the political field, ordered this important work of logic written in Persian to be translated into Arabic from Shaykh al-Islam Mullā Ḫüsrev (d. 1480) in order to have a more common and useful functionality. In addition, Mullā Ḫüsrev, who was also a great jurist and logician, successfully completed this important task and presented his translation to the Sultan. Many copies of this translation have survived, the translator himself wrote two of which. In this article, the work named Esâsu’l İktibâs fi'l-Mantık and its translation in question have been examined and evaluated.

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Ashworth, E. J. "Renaissance man as logician: josse clichtove (1472–1543) on disputations". History and Philosophy of Logic 7, nr 1 (styczeń 1986): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01445348608837088.

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Klop, Jan Willem. "Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn (1918–2012) Mathematician, computer scientist, logician". Indagationes Mathematicae 24, nr 4 (listopad 2013): 648–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indag.2013.09.004.

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Prior, A. N. "The logic of obligation and the obligations of the logician". Synthese 188, nr 3 (30.08.2011): 423–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11229-011-9935-3.

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Belhaj, Abdessamad. "ĀDĀB AL-BAḤTH WA-AL-MUNĀẒARA: THE NEGLECTED ART OF DISPUTATION IN LATER MEDIEVAL ISLAM". Arabic Sciences and Philosophy 26, nr 2 (5.08.2016): 291–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0957423916000059.

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AbstractIs it possible to invent a science that sets the rules for an ethical, logical and effective debate? Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī (died in the first half of the 14th century), a logician and Ḥanafī jurist thought it possible. He undertook the task of developing a general theory of scientific discussion that had a tremendous success and impact on Muslim scholarship. Ādāb al-baḥth wa-al-munāẓara, as he called it, is a set of ethical and logical principles, taken from Aristotelian logic and Islamic law. His major treatise Risālat Ādāb al-baḥth, initiated a new discipline in which dozens of treatises, commentaries and glosses were written. In my contribution, I will shed light on this neglected science, describe its structure, expose its functions and highlight its significance for the development of debates and intellectual dialogues in the later medieval Islam.

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Potter, Vincent G. "Charles Sanders Peirce 1839–1914". Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 19 (marzec 1985): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1358246100004513.

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I am honoured and pleased to address you this evening on the life and work of an extraordinary American thinker, Charles Sanders Peirce. Although Peirce is perhaps most often remembered as the father of the philosophical movement known as pragmatism, I would like to impress upon you that he was also, and perhaps, especially, a logician, a working scientist and a mathematician. During his life time Peirce most often referred to himself, and was referred to by his colleagues, as a logician. Furthermore, Peirce spent thirty years actively engaged in scientific research for the US Coast Survey. The National Archives in Washington, DC, holds some five thousand pages of Peirce's reports on this work. Finally, the four volumes of Peirce's mathematical papers edited by Professor Carolyn Eisele eloquently testify to his contributions to that field as well.

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Potter, Vincent G. "Charles Sanders Peirce 1839–1914". Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 19 (marzec 1985): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0957042x0000451x.

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I am honoured and pleased to address you this evening on the life and work of an extraordinary American thinker, Charles Sanders Peirce. Although Peirce is perhaps most often remembered as the father of the philosophical movement known as pragmatism, I would like to impress upon you that he was also, and perhaps, especially, a logician, a working scientist and a mathematician. During his life time Peirce most often referred to himself, and was referred to by his colleagues, as a logician. Furthermore, Peirce spent thirty years actively engaged in scientific research for the US Coast Survey. The National Archives in Washington, DC, holds some five thousand pages of Peirce's reports on this work. Finally, the four volumes of Peirce's mathematical papers edited by Professor Carolyn Eisele eloquently testify to his contributions to that field as well.

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Michael, Michaelis. "FACING INCONSISTENCY: THEORIES AND OUR RELATIONS TO THEM". Episteme 10, nr 4 (13.11.2013): 351–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/epi.2013.31.

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AbstractClassical logic is explosive in the face of contradiction, yet we find ourselves using inconsistent theories. Mark Colyvan, one of the prominent advocates of the indispensability argument for realism about mathematical objects, suggests that such use can be garnered to develop an argument for commitment to inconsistent objects and, because of that, a paraconsistent underlying logic. I argue to the contrary that it is open to a classical logician to make distinctions, also needed by the paraconsistent logician, which allow a more nuanced ranking of theories in which inconsistent theories can have different degrees of usefulness and productivity. Facing inconsistency does not force us to adopt an underlying paraconsistent logic. Moreover we will see that the argument to best explanation deployed by Colyvan in this context is unsuccessful. I suggest that Quinean approach which Colyvan champions will not lead to the revolutionary doctrines Colyvan endorses.

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Skipper, Robert, i Michael R. Hyman. "Evaluating and Improving Argument-Centered Works in Marketing". Journal of Marketing 51, nr 4 (październik 1987): 60–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224298705100406.

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Marketers have yet to adopt a standard repertoire of techniques with which they can critically evaluate argument-centered works. Certain analytical techniques of the logician are proposed for evaluating such works. The authors provide an example to illustrate the use and value of these techniques.

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Ogleznev, Vitaly V. "Historical and Philosophical Reconstruction of the Discussion on Verifiability at the Meeting of the Aristotelian Society". Epistemology & Philosophy of Science 60, nr 2 (2023): 206–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eps202360233.

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The article presents a detailed consideration of the arguments from the symposium “Verifiability”, which was held on July 14, 1945 in London, proposed by Scottish philosopher and theologian Donald MacKinnon, Austrian logician and mathematician Friedrich Waismann and English logician and philosopher of science William Kneale. MacKinnon’s approach to verifiability was based on the metaphysics of fact, while Waismann and Kneale’s approach was based on the semantic specificity of empirical concepts (“open texture” and context of use) and on the truth-values of empirical propositions. The symposium in question is interesting primarily because it is the last meaningful discussion on the concept of verifiability in the form in which it was understood by the Vienna Circle. Despite the fact that, in the coming years, this concept received a completely different interpretation, which stands away from the original source, the 1945 symposium could be rightfully treated as a canonical discussion on verifiability in the sense that nothing like this has ever happened in the philosophy after.

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Melnik, V. I. "Logician of creativity I. A. Goncharov: to statement of a problem". Two centuries of the Russian classics 1, nr 2 (10.12.2019): 110–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2686-7494-2019-1-2-110-143.

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Selmon, Michael. "Logician, Heal Thy Self: Poetry and Drama in Eliot'sThe Cocktail Party". Modern Drama 31, nr 4 (grudzień 1988): 496–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/md.31.4.496.

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Demayo, Clement L. "Preparing to teach logic: some heuristics for the non‐professional logician". International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology 28, nr 6 (listopad 1997): 865–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0020739970280609.

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Varshney, Anubhav. "Professor Biswambhar Pahi-Logician Who Carried a ‘Burden of Poetic Consciousness’". Journal of Indian Council of Philosophical Research 37, nr 3 (wrzesień 2020): 517–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40961-020-00222-6.

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Welch, Kathleen E. "Logical Writing in the Education of John Stuart Mill: The Autobiography and the Privileging of Reason". Browning Institute Studies 16 (1988): 153–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0092472500002145.

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In his Autobiography, published posthumously in 1873, twenty years after it was first drafted, John Stuart Mill writes a series of logical essays on ideas. The people who appear in the book do so as personifications of these ideas rather than as palpable characters. This writing strategy leads Mill to make ideas rather than people exciting, and this unusual hierarchy makes his autobiography not only a fascinating book but a peculiar one as well. One in fact wishes that Mill had thought of the title The Autobiography of an Idea sixty years before his intellectual grandson, Louis Sullivan, used it for his autobiography. Mill composes his autobiography of personified ideas with a series of logical essays on his remarkable education and on his political and philosophical writing. Consequently, deductive writing forms these essays, a kind of writing that is not surprising for a logician and an essayist but rare for an autobiographer.

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Schmieke, Marcus. "Bohm`s Quantum Potential Approach to Consciousness from the Perspective of a Four-Valued Logic". Dev Sanskriti Interdisciplinary International Journal 17 (31.01.2021): 01–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36018/dsiij.v17i.206.

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Parallel to David Bohm´s development of a realistic interpretation of quantum physics, German philosopher and logician Gotthard Günther worked on a generalization of the classical two-valued logic to satisfy the ontological requirements of quantum physics as well as of cybernetics. Both of these new disciplines introduced information and consciousness into the terminology of science. These terms and concepts need to be reflected in logic, ontology and the theory of science. David Bohm suggested an expansion of his own model by generalization and iteration of the quantum potential to include consciousness and mental states into a new psycho-physical theory. This article proposes Günther´s four-valued logical system of meaning/reflection as a theoretical scientific frame for this expansion of Bohm´s theory and discusses its ontological implications.

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Brożek, Anna. "Jan Łukasiewicz and His German Ally. A History of Łukasiewicz-Scholz Cooperation and Friendship". Studia Humana 13, nr 2 (1.04.2024): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sh-2024-0008.

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Abstract The article presents interpersonal relations and mutual influences between German logician Heinrich Scholz and Polish scholars, first of all Jan Łukasiewicz. The background for presenting these relationships consists of reflections on the development of logic in Poland and various conceptions of how to apply logic to philosophical issues. Firstly, Jan Łukasiewicz’s program of logicisation of philosophy and his search for allies is presented. Secondly, the forms of cooperation between Łukasiewicz and Scholz, as well as contacts between the latter and other Polish scholars are sketched. Finally, forms of Scholz’s help to Polish friends during the tumultuous period of World War II are examined. The article provides also some reflections on the approach to logic in various European centers of analytic philosophy and historical comments on the continuity of philosophical and logical schools.

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Grattan-Guinness, Ivor. "Bertrand Russell (1872–1970), man of dissent". Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science 63, nr 4 (20.05.2009): 365–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2009.0020.

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Russell argued against the Great War, but he also wanted to drop atomic bombs on the Soviet Union after World War II, and later he advocated nuclear disarmament. How could a great logician accommodate such inconsistencies? How, as a private citizen, did he make such a world-wide impact in his late years?

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Dunning, David E. "The Logician in the Archive: John Venn’s Diagrams and Victorian Historical Thinking". Journal of the History of Ideas 82, nr 4 (2021): 593–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jhi.2021.0034.

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Grattan-Guinness, I. "The Mentor of Alan Turing: Max Newman (1897–1984) as a Logician". Mathematical Intelligencer 35, nr 3 (30.06.2013): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00283-013-9387-3.

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Myronenko, Ruslan. "Reconstruction of the Stagirite argument against the fatalism of future events". Multiversum. Philosophical almanac 2, nr 2 (23.12.2020): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35423/2078-8142.2020.2.2.03.

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The question of free will and determinism is one of the most discussed in analytic philosophy. This is because interdisciplinary research has entered the field of studying the brain and consciousness – and often, consciousness is presented as an invention, an epiphenomenon. One of the attributes of consciousness is free will. The prehistory of modern research in the field of free will is the discussion about the need for future events, which was first analyzed by Stagirite in chapter 9, "On Interpretation". Despite all the analyticity and consistency of Aristotle's works, this work is full of gaps in argumentation and formulations ambiguity. In this regard, over two thousand years, philosophers have described many reconstructions in this chapter's argumentation and interpretations. Conventionally, the question of fatalism can be divided into two intersecting directions: logical fatalism and theological fatalism. This article examines the first direction and will relate to the understanding of fatalism and arguments against it in the context of the development of logic and theory of argumentation in the 20th century. The first logician who radically revised the foundations of logic to build an argument against future events' fatalism was Jan Lukasiewicz. We can say that all his life Lukasiewicz fought against determinism and tried to find a logical basis for human freedom of will. However, the main discussion on this issue took place in the middle of the 20th century between the logicians whose work will be considered in this article: Linsky Leonard, Butler Ronald, Storrs McCall, and others. The discussion was conducted around understanding such philosophical concepts and their ontological status: time, truth, a necessity. Also, in the wake of Lukasiewicz, they clarified such logical concepts as bivalence and the law of the excluded third. Of particular interest was the emergence of logical modalities, true/false, which can change their meaning over time, which led to the emergence of new informal logic.

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Ciobanu, Gabriel. ""Logic will never be the same again" - Kurt Gödel Centenary". International Journal of Computers Communications & Control 1, nr 1 (1.01.2006): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/ijccc.2006.1.2274.

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<p>Kurt Gödel was born on 28th of April 1906 in Brno, which was at that time a city of the Austrian-Hungarian<br />Monarchy. This year we celebrate the 100th birthday of Kurt Gödel, perhaps the greatest logician of the twentieth<br />century. We mark this event by a short article on his life and scientific results.</p>

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