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1
Corcoran, Jonathan, Renee Zahnow, Rebecca Wickes i John Hipp. "Neighbourhood land use features, collective efficacy and local civic actions". Urban Studies 55, nr 11 (26.07.2017): 2372–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017717212.
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This paper explores the association between neighbourhood land use features and informal social control. More specifically, we examine the extent to which such features in combination with the socio-demographic context of the neighbourhood facilitate or impede collective efficacy and local civic actions. We achieve this through spatially integrating data from the census, topographic databases and a 2012 survey of 4132 residents from 148 neighbourhoods in Brisbane, Australia. The study creates a new classification of a neighbourhood’s physical environment by creating novel categories of land use features that depict social conduits, social holes and social wedges. Social conduits are features of the neighbourhood that facilitate interaction between individuals, social holes are land uses that create situations where there is no occupancy, and social wedges are features that carve up neighbourhoods. We find some evidence to suggest that residents’ reports of collective efficacy are higher in neighbourhoods with a greater density of social conduits. Density of social conduits is also positively associated with local civic action. However, in neighbourhoods with more greenspace, residents are less likely to engage in local civic actions.
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Zegras, Christopher, Jae Seung Lee i Eran Ben-Joseph. "By Community or Design? Age-restricted Neighbourhoods, Physical Design and Baby Boomers’ Local Travel Behaviour in Suburban Boston, US". Urban Studies 49, nr 10 (5.01.2012): 2169–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098011429485.
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This article analyses the travel behaviour, residential choices and related preferences of 55+ baby boomers in suburban Boston, USA, looking specifically at age-restricted neighbourhoods. For this highly auto-dependent group, do neighbourhood-related characteristics influence local-level recreational walk/bike and social activity trip-making? The analysis aims to discern community (for example, social network) versus physical (for example, street network) influences. Structural equation models, incorporating attitudes and residential choice, are used to control for self-selection and to account for direct and indirect effects among exogenous and endogenous variables. The analysis reveals modest neighbourhood effects. Living in age-restricted, as opposed to unrestricted, suburban neighbourhoods modestly increases the likelihood of residents being active (i.e. making at least one local recreational walk/bike trip) and the number of local social trips. Overall, the age-restricted community status has greater influence on recreational and social activity trip-making than the neighbourhood physical characteristics, although some community–neighbourhood interaction exists.
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Johnston, Ron, Carol Propper, Rebecca Sarker, Kelvyn Jones, Anne Bolster i Simon Burgess. "Neighbourhood Social Capital and Neighbourhood Effects". Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 37, nr 8 (sierpień 2005): 1443–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a37222.
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Recent research has provided very strong circumstantial evidence of the existence of neighbourhood effects in voting patterns at recent UK general elections. The usual reason adduced to account for these spatial variations is the neighbourhood effect. This hypothesises that people are influenced in their decisionmaking and behavioural patterns by their neighbours, with interpersonal conversation being the main means of transmitting such influence. Although there is an increasing body of evidence showing the impact of such conversations—that people who talk together, vote together—relatively little of this has grounded the geography of such conversations in the individuals' local neighbourhoods. Those who interact locally should show more evidence of ‘neighbourhood-effect-like’ patterns than those who do not. To inquire whether this is indeed so, this paper extends recent work on voting patterns in the United Kingdom by investigating the behaviour of individuals with different levels of participation in their local milieux—what we define below as neighbourhood social capital.
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Hoekstra, Myrte Sophie. "Creating active citizens? Emotional geographies of citizenship in a diverse and deprived neighbourhood". Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 37, nr 3 (19.07.2018): 480–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654418789408.
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National and local governments in Western Europe formulate normative notions of active citizenship to regulate the attitudes and behaviours of their subjects. Focusing in particular on diverse and deprived urban neighbourhoods, local interventions target residents’ presumed lack of attachment to the neighbourhood and their alienation from ‘mainstream’ white middle-class society. This paper argues that – contrary to policy assumptions – residents are emotionally attached to and engaged with their neighbourhood. However, their everyday practices of citizenship fall short of the standards prescribed by policy-makers. These two perspectives intersect and clash in the local neighbourhood centre. Staff members of this semi-governmental intervention mediate different citizenship conceptions by creating personal relations with participants while simultaneously reinforcing dominant norms. The findings highlight the messy and ambiguous reality of neighbourhood governance and underscore that local understandings of citizenship can simultaneously work with and against policy frameworks.
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Arribas-Bel, Daniel, i Jessie Bakens. "Spatial dynamics of cultural diversity in the Netherlands". Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 45, nr 6 (6.07.2018): 1142–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808318783748.
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In this paper, we analyse the spatial dimension of changing ethnic diversity at the neighbourhood level. Drawing from recent work on income convergence, we characterise the evolution of population diversity in the Netherlands over space. Our analysis is structured over three dimensions, which allow us to find clear spatial patterns in how cultural diversity changes at the neighbourhood level. Globally, we use directional statistics to visualise techniques of exploratory data analysis, finding a clear trend towards ‘spatially integrated change’: a situation where the trajectory of ethnic change in a neighbourhood is closely related to that in adjacent neighbourhoods. When we zoom into the local level, a visualisation of recent measures of local concordance allows us to document a high degree of spatial heterogeneity in how the overall change is distributed over space. Finally, to further explore the nature and characteristics of neighbourhoods that experience the largest amount of change, we develop a spatial, multilevel model. Our results show that the largest cities, as well as those at the boundaries with Belgium and Germany, with the most diverse neighbourhoods, have large clusters of stable neighbourhood diversity over time, while concentrations of high dynamic areas are nearby these largest cities. The analysis shows that neighbourhood diversity spatially ‘spills over’, gradually expanding outside traditionally diverse areas.
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Fabula, Szabolcs, Rikke Skovgaard Nielsen, Eduardo Barberis, Lajos Boros, Anne Hedegaard Winther i Zoltán Kovács. "Diversity and local business structure in European urban contexts". Hungarian Geographical Bulletin 70, nr 1 (6.04.2021): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15201/hungeobull.70.1.5.
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This article investigates the interconnectedness between neighbourhood diversity and local business structures. For this purpose, interviews with residents and entrepreneurs were conducted in three European cities: Budapest, Copenhagen, and Milan. The results show that diversity in the economic structure of urban neighbourhoods is equally important with regards to residents’ quality of life, the image of the neighbourhood, and local social cohesion. Therefore, the main recommendation is that policy makers should act to preserve the diversity of local business structures, and that the concept of diversity itself should be understood in a broader sense, taking local peculiarities into account.
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Jansen, Kirstin, Goddert von Oheimb, Helge Bruelheide, Werner Härdtle i Andreas Fichtner. "Tree species richness modulates water supply in the local tree neighbourhood: evidence from woodδ13C signatures in a large-scale forest experiment". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, nr 1946 (3.03.2021): 20203100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.3100.
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Biodiversity is considered to mitigate the adverse effects of changing precipitation patterns. However, our understanding of how tree diversity at the local neighbourhood scale modulates the water use and leaf physiology of individual trees remains unclear. We made use of a large-scale tree diversity experiment in subtropical China to study eight tree species along an experimentally manipulated gradient of local neighbourhood tree species richness. Twig wood carbon isotope composition (δ13Cwood) was used as an indicator for immediate leaf-level responses to water availability in relation to local neighbourhood conditions and a target tree's functional traits. Across species, a target tree'sδ13Cwoodsignatures decreased progressively with increasing neighbourhood species richness, with effects being strongest at high neighbourhood shading intensity. Moreover, theδ13Cwood-shading relationship shifted from positive (thin-leaved species) or neutral (thick-leaved species) in conspecific to negative in heterospecific neighbourhoods, most likely owing to a lower interspecific competition for water and microclimate amelioration. This suggests that promoting tree species richness at the local neighbourhood scale may improve a tree's local water supply with potential effects for an optimized water-use efficiency of tree communities during drought. This assumption, however, requires validation by further studies that focus on mechanisms that regulate the water availability in mixtures.
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Eriksson, Malin, Ailiana Santosa, Liv Zetterberg, Ichiro Kawachi i Nawi Ng. "Social Capital and Sustainable Social Development—How Are Changes in Neighbourhood Social Capital Associated with Neighbourhood Sociodemographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics?" Sustainability 13, nr 23 (27.11.2021): 13161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313161.
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The development of social capital is acknowledged as key for sustainable social development. Little is known about how social capital changes over time and how it correlates with sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors. This study was conducted in 46 neighbourhoods in Umeå Municipality, northern Sweden. The aim was to examine neighbourhood-level characteristics associated with changes in neighbourhood social capital and to discuss implications for local policies for sustainable social development. We designed an ecological study linking survey data to registry data in 2006 and 2020. Over 14 years, social capital increased in 9 and decreased in 15 neighbourhoods. Higher levels of social capital were associated with specific sociodemographic factors, but these differed in urban and rural areas. Urban neighbourhoods with a higher proportion of older pensioners (OR = 1.49, CI: 1.16–1.92), children under 12 (OR= 2.13, CI: 1.31–3.47), or a lower proportion of foreign-born members (OR= 0.32, CI: 0.19–0.55) had higher odds for higher social capital levels. In rural neighbourhoods, a higher proportion of single-parent households was associated with higher levels of social capital (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.04–1.98). Neighbourhood socioeconomic factors such as income or educational level did not influence neighbourhood social capital. Using repeated measures of social capital, this study gives insights into how social capital changes over time in local areas and the factors influencing its development. Local policies to promote social capital for sustainable social development should strive to integrate diverse demographic groups within neighbourhoods and should increase opportunities for inter-ethnic interactions.
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Zhang, Qi, Esther Hiu-Kwan Yung i Edwin Hon-Wan Chan. "Meshing Sustainability with Satisfaction: An Investigation of Residents’ Perceptions in Three Different Neighbourhoods in Chengdu, China". Land 10, nr 11 (22.11.2021): 1280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10111280.
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Can sustainability and liveability be simultaneously pursued at the neighbourhood level? Adopting neighbourhood satisfaction as a proxy to indicate liveability at the neighbourhood scale, this paper investigated how the residential subjective perception of sustainability factors interacted with neighbourhood satisfaction in the context of three different neighbourhoods in Chengdu, China. This began with a comprehensive literature review to construct the neighbourhood sustainability framework. Then, a total of 510 cross-sectional questionnaire surveys was conducted in Chengdu. Logistic regression was employed to investigate significant associations. The findings revealed that the ‘sense and habit of energy saving’ is the only sustainability factor that is negatively associated with neighbourhood satisfaction in commodity-housing neighbourhood. Compared with intangible factors, tangible or physical sustainability factors are more likely to contribute to improving neighbourhood satisfaction and suppressing moving intention. The study also evidenced the contextual differences of significant associations among danwei, resettlement, and commodity-housing neighbourhoods coexisting in transitional China. This calls for adaptive and contextual rather than standardized, top-down strategies for developing sustainable neighbourhood planning to simultaneously promote sustainability and liveability in Chengdu, China. Finally, a specific contextual framework was provided as policy implications for developing local and adaptive solutions.
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Briskie, James V. "Song variation and the structure of local song dialects in the polygynandrous Smith's Longspur". Canadian Journal of Zoology 77, nr 10 (1.12.1999): 1587–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z99-134.
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I examined song structure in five populations (or neighbourhoods) of the polygynandrous Smith's Longspur (Calcarius pictus) near Churchill, Manitoba, Canada, from 1988 to 1994. All after-second-year (ASY) males sang only a single song type. This song type did not vary within ASY males over the season or from year to year and it was nearly identical among all ASY males within a neighbourhood. However, the song type of ASY males differed significantly from one neighbourhood to the next in the number of elements, total length (s), and minimum frequency (kHz). Neighbourhood dialects were readily distinguishable by the human ear and, except in one case, persisted over the duration of the study. In contrast to the uniformity of ASY male song within a neighbourhood, the song of second-year (SY) males did not match the local dialect. Only when SY males returned for a second year did their song and the neighbourhood dialect of ASY males converge. There were no differences in song structure that could be related to the complex mating system of this species. The function of neighbourhood dialects is not clear, but they may be used by both males and females as a signal of affiliation and experience with the local area.
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Suarez, Cesar, Trisalyn Nelson i Karen Laberee. "Cosine: A Tool for Constraining Spatial Neighbourhoods in Marine Environments". GEOMATICA 69, nr 1 (marzec 2015): 95–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5623/cig2015-107.
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Spatial analysis methods used for detecting, interpolating, or predicting local patterns in geographic data require delineating a neighbourhood to define the extent of the spatial interaction. Certain spatial analysis methods, such as interpolation, have implemented the concept of directionality and barriers. However, not all approaches take into consideration geographic or environmental constraints such as impassable mountain ranges, road networks, or coastlines. Specifically, complex marine landscapes and coastlines pose problematic neighbourhood definitions for standard neighbourhood matrices used in the spatial analysis of marine environments. Here, we offer a new approach to constraining spatial neighbourhoods when conducting geographical analysis in marine environments. We developed methods and open source software (COnstraining SpatIal NEighbourhoods—COSINE) for modifying spatial neighbourhoods, and demonstrate their utility with a marine study of oil spills. The COSINE graphical user interface allows users to modify the most common standard spatial neighbourhood definitions such as fixed distance, inverse distance and k-nearest neighbour.
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Burlando, Claudia, Enrico Ivaldi i Andrea Ciacci. "Seniors’ Mobility and Perceptions in Different Urban Neighbourhoods: A Non-Aggregative Approach". Sustainability 13, nr 12 (10.06.2021): 6647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126647.
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In order to highlight the subjective criticality of each neighbourhood to inspire future policy actions, we propose an analysis comparing the perceptions of over-65s residents in the neighbourhoods that make up the Municipality of Genoa. We suggest a new approach based on a quantitative non-aggregative method, Partially Ordered Set (Poset), to measure the levels of satisfaction related to local public transport (LPT), pedestrian mobility, and quality of life in the 25 districts of Genoa. Final data of the analysis come from 401 questionnaires, distributed to residents over 65 years old in the Municipality of Genoa. This approach allows to address the multidimensionality of the phenomenon, as well as its different conceptual spheres. The findings highlight a great variance in local public transport needs perception between different neighbourhoods. In particular, the analysis shows that the types of intervention requested by respondents differ from district to district, so that a common urban transport policy would be ineffective. Some neighbourhoods stress the need for improving pedestrian mobility, whilst local public transport faults dominate in others. There is no significant relation between the three dimensions: Perceived quality of LPT, perceived quality of pedestrian mobility, and perceived quality of neighbourhood. Therefore, interventions should be carefully modulated, according to the specific needs expressed by the residents of each neighbourhood. We conclude that the importance of urban mobility intervention is reduced, whereas the concept of neighbourhood analysis and intervention becomes more relevant.
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Hanhörster, Heike, Isabel Ramos Lobato i Sabine Weck. "People, Place, and Politics: Local Factors Shaping Middle‐Class Practices in Mixed‐Class German Neighbourhoods". Social Inclusion 9, nr 4 (15.12.2021): 363–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v9i4.4478.
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This article takes a nuanced look at the role played by neighbourhood characteristics and local policies in facilitating or limiting the ways in which diversity‐oriented middle‐class families interact and deal with people of lower social classes in mixed‐class inner‐city neighbourhoods. The study draws on interviews and social network analysis conducted in neighbourhoods with different socio‐economic characteristics in the German cities of Hanover and Dusseldorf. A comparative view allows us to analyse how neighbourhood characteristics and local policies influence middle‐classes’ interactions across social boundaries. Our aim is to contribute to ongoing debates on urban policy options: In discussing the conditions encouraging cross‐boundary interactions of specific middle‐class fractions, we argue that the scope of local‐level action is not fully recognized in either policy or academic debates.
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Patricios, Nicholas N. "Urban design principles of the original neighbourhood concepts". Urban Morphology 6, nr 1 (3.12.2001): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.51347/jum.v6i1.3900.
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The neighbourhood concept is arguably one of the major planning landmarks that shaped the urban form of the twentieth-century city in many countries. Coincidently, both the neighbourhood idea of Clarence Stein and Henry Wright, exemplified in their plan for Radburn, and the neighbourhood unit idea of Clarence Perry were published in 1929. The urban design principles of Stein and Wright included the idea of a superblock of residential units grouped around a central green, the separation of vehicles and pedestrians, and a road hierarchy with culs-de-sac for local access roads. A cluster of superblocks was to form a self-contained neighbourhood. A group of neighbourhoods would then comprise the city. For Perry the physical arrangement of the elementary school, small parks and playgrounds, and local shops was the basis of his neighbourhood idea. Each neighbourhood was to be a `unit' of the city. Briefly outlined are the deviations from the original ideas made subsequently by numerous architects, planners, developers, and bureaucrats. This article re-examines the intentions of Stein and Wright and Perry and the sources of their ideas to recover the principles of the original concepts that have become obscured over the decades.
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Wright, Katy. "Lived Realities of Local Community: Evidence from a Qualitative Case Study in Leeds". Social Policy and Society 14, nr 4 (16.01.2015): 555–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147474641400061x.
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This article draws on case study research of a low-income neighbourhood in Leeds to explore experiences of, and attitudes towards, place-based community. Through tracing social relations in the neighbourhood over time, from the early twentieth century to the present day, the ways in which community is embedded in everyday activities and social interactions, and the social impact of socioeconomic change on local neighbourhoods, is demonstrated. It is argued that the relentless and nostalgic focus on local communities as an idealised form of social solidarity has meant that the reasons why place-based community has declined over time have been overlooked. The article challenges the assumption that social fragmentation on neighbourhood levels necessarily indicates antisocial trends or a lack of a sense of duty towards others, and draws attention to the constraints people face in developing relationships with others. Questions are raised about the viability of top-down attempts to shape social relations in particular ways.
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Wang, Zheng, Fangzhu Zhang i Fulong Wu. "Neighbourhood cohesion under the influx of migrants in Shanghai". Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 49, nr 2 (22.10.2016): 407–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x16673839.
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This study explores the current neighbourhood cohesion in Chinese cities and how it might be affected by the influx of migrants. Our multilevel analysis is based on a 1420 sized household survey conducted in Shanghai in 2013. The results reveal that the influx of migrants does not generate all negative results contrasting existing literature where migrants tend to reduce cohesion in the neighbourhoods. Neighbourhoods with a higher share of migrant residents between 20 and 50% have the strongest cohesion potentially because local residents have adjusted to their migrant neighbours. Neighbourhood cohesion is also stronger in migrant-dominated enclaves with more than 50% migrants as migrant residents may have formed their own in-group community. Comparatively, local-dominated neighbourhoods are still adjusting to the gradual influx of migrants and therefore residents tend to have lower levels of social solidarity, sense of belonging and informal social control. Nevertheless, the strongest deterrent of cohesion is the prospect of displacement and lack of resources since low-income areas and traditional courtyard neighbourhoods, which face demolition and redevelopment, have the weakest cohesion.
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Hand, Carri, Debbie Laliberte Rudman, Suzanne Huot, Rachael Pack i Jason Gilliland. "Enacting agency: exploring how older adults shape their neighbourhoods". Ageing and Society 40, nr 3 (17.09.2018): 565–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x18001150.
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AbstractWithin research on ageing in neighbourhoods, older adults are often positioned as impacted by neighbourhood features; their impact on neighbourhoods is less often considered. Drawing on a study exploring how person and place transact to shape older adults’ social connectedness, inclusion and engagement in neighbourhoods, this paper explores how older adults take action in efforts to create neighbourhoods that meet individual and collective needs and wants. We drew on ethnographic and community-based participatory approaches and employed qualitative and geospatial methods with 14 older adults in two neighbourhoods. Analysis identified three themes that described the ways that older adults enact agency at the neighbourhood level: being present and inviting casual social interaction, helping others and taking community action. The participants appeared to contribute to a collective sense of connectedness and creation of social spaces doing everyday neighbourhood activities and interacting with others. Shared territories in which others were present seemed to support such interactions. Participants also helped others in a variety of ways, often relating to gaps in services and support, becoming neighbourhood-based supports for other seniors. Finally, participants contributed to change at the community level, such as engaging politically, patronising local businesses and making improvements in public places. Study findings suggest the potential benefits of collaborating with older adults to create and maintain liveable neighbourhoods.
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Scharf, Thomas, Chris Phillipson i Allison Smith. "Older Peopleís Perceptions of the Neighbourhood: Evidence from Socially Deprived Urban Areas". Sociological Research Online 8, nr 4 (listopad 2003): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.867.
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Neighbourhoods contribute significantly to shaping their residents’ identities. For older people, the neighbourhood may be even more important than for younger people. Ageing can be associated with an intensification of feelings about locality and space, and the neighbourhood may contribute significantly to older people's quality of daily life. Within the context of a study that examines the concerns of older people living in areas of England characterised by intense social deprivation, the article explores perceptions of the local environment. Findings are reported from an empirical study conducted in nine socially deprived neighbourhoods across three cities. Data collection consisted of a survey of 600 people aged 60 and over, and in-depth interviews with 130 people of the same age group. The article focuses on older people's views in relation to both positive and negative aspects of their local environment. It concludes with a discussion of three key themes: first, the question of older peopleís attachment to their neighbourhood; second, the issue of variation between areas; and third, the impact of place on the quality of older people's daily life.
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Swart, Wim, Jan Bleeker i Willy de Haes. "The Rotterdam Local Health Information System 1987-2000: from Rebus and the health barometer to the health monitor". Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 30, nr 59_suppl (wrzesień 2002): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14034948020300031101.
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In this article the development of the Rotterdam Local Health Information System is sketched. Started as an offspring of the Healthy Cities Project of the WHO, the focus was very much on neighbourhoods. The data were presented by a software program, REBUS Vision. It was relatively new to gather information at the neighbourhood level, so not much consideration was given to the relative importance of data for research questions. This led to the need to condense the vast amount of data into some summary fi gure, the health barometer, which chose the 27 most important available neighbourhood indicators and divided these data into six groups leading to six scores in which a neighbourhood could be compared with the city mean, other neighbourhoods, or itself in time. Although REBUS Vision and the health barometer were reasonably successful, a frequently occurring criticism was that there was too much emphasis on the signalling of public health problems. This has led to the development of a health monitor that not only signals public health problems but also tries to identify determinants and to offer solutions on a health policy and promotion level.
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Bynner, Claire. "Intergroup relations in a super-diverse neighbourhood: The dynamics of population composition, context and community". Urban Studies 56, nr 2 (30.11.2017): 335–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017740287.
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There is now an extensive literature demonstrating that experiences of migration and diversity differ significantly between and across local geographies. Three broad explanations for differences in local outcomes have been put forward (Robinson, 2010): first, population composition – the characteristics of individuals living in the neighbourhood; second, context – the social and physical environment; and third, community – socio-cultural histories and collective identities. Few studies examine the linkages between all three explanations and their relative importance. This article applies all three explanations to intergroup relations in a super-diverse context. It draws on data from a mixed methods case study of a neighbourhood in Glasgow, Scotland where long-term white and ethnic minority communities reside alongside Central and Eastern European migrants, refugees and other recent arrivals. The evidence comprises local statistics and documentary evidence, participant observation and qualitative and walk-along interviews with residents and local organisations. The findings highlight the different ways in which people respond to super-diversity, and the importance of the neighbourhood context and the material conditions for intergroup relations. The article thus demonstrates the ambiguities that arise from applying the dynamics of population composition, context and community to neighbourhood analysis, with implications for the study of neighbourhoods more widely.
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Dang, Yunxiao, Guanpeng Dong, Yu Chen, Kelvyn Jones i Wenzhong Zhang. "Residential environment and subjective well-being in Beijing: A fine-grained spatial scale analysis using a bivariate response binomial multilevel model". Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 46, nr 4 (3.08.2017): 648–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808317723012.
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Existing literature has examined the determinants of subjective well-being in China from the social, economic and psychological perspectives. Very few studies explore the impacts of residential environment on subjective well-being. Drawing on a large scale questionnaire survey in Beijing, this paper investigates the role of residential environment by decomposing the variations of subjective well-being at fine-grained spatial scales, i.e. district and neighbourhood levels. A bivariate response binomial multilevel model is employed to assess the relative importance of geographical contexts and individual characteristics, in particular, the household registration (hukou) status, in influencing subjective well-being. The results show significant heterogeneities in subjective well-being among districts and neighbourhoods. Neighbourhood types are significantly correlated with subjective well-being, with residents in commercial housing neighbourhoods reporting higher levels of subjective well-being than those in work-unit and affordable housing neighbourhoods. However, the impacts of neighbourhood types are not uniformly experienced by people with different hukou status. Migrants tend to express lower levels of subjective well-being than local residents. Such disparities are more pronounced in urban villages compared with other neighbourhoods.
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Gilbert, James, Caroline Uggla i Ruth Mace. "Knowing your neighbourhood: local ecology and personal experience predict neighbourhood perceptions in Belfast, Northern Ireland". Royal Society Open Science 3, nr 12 (grudzień 2016): 160468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160468.
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Evolutionary theory predicts that humans should adjust their life-history strategies in response to local ecological threats and opportunities in order to maximize their reproductive success. Cues representing threats to individuals' lives and health in modern, Western societies may come in the form of local ages at death, morbidity rate and crime rate in their local area, whereas the adult sex ratio represents a measure of the competition for reproductive partners. These characteristics are believed to have a strong influence over a wide range of behaviours, but whether they are accurately perceived has not been robustly tested. Here, we investigate whether perceptions of four neighbourhood characteristics are accurate across eight neighbourhoods in Belfast, Northern Ireland. We find that median age at death and morbidity rates are accurately perceived, whereas adult sex ratios and crime rates are not. We suggest that both neighbourhood characteristics and personal experiences contribute to the formation of perceptions. This should be considered by researchers looking for associations between area-level factors.
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Imai, Heide, i Yao Ji. "Social Capital, Innovation, and Local Resilience". Asian Studies 9, nr 1 (8.01.2021): 283–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/as.2021.9.1.283-313.
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This paper is based on research that centres on the city of Tokyo, a mature city that is experiencing various transformations, in order to show how social capital and innovation can help build up resilient communities. It presents two major topics: 1) the potential of localities and their social capital and social innovation to actively react to change, and 2) the role of localities for inclusive urban governance. By focusing on five small neighbourhoods in the south of Taito-ward in central-east Tokyo, the paper addresses the following questions: a) what kinds of social networks and interaction exist at the local level, b) how are residents contributing to neighbourhood revitalization and community identity, and c) what are specific examples of social innovative practices, emerging in periods of crisis, in the case-study area as a direct response to the COVID-19 pandemic? By adopting a mixed methods approach drawing especially on in-depth interviews conducted with a range of independent business owners, the study reveals the dynamics between long-term residents and newcomers as they negotiate shared identities that continue to shape the present and future of some of Tokyo’s oldest neighbourhoods. The research findings highlight the need for good urban governance to draw on an improved understanding of the potential of localities, place-based social capital building, and new social practices that are emerging in local third sectors, such as volunteer-run industry-based organizations, which are vital in maintaining informal networks as an alternative to more traditional neighbourhood groups to bond, bridge, and link diverse community members.
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Imai, Heide, i Yao Ji. "Social Capital, Innovation, and Local Resilience". Asian Studies 9, nr 1 (8.01.2021): 283–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/as.2021.9.1.283-313.
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This paper is based on research that centres on the city of Tokyo, a mature city that is experiencing various transformations, in order to show how social capital and innovation can help build up resilient communities. It presents two major topics: 1) the potential of localities and their social capital and social innovation to actively react to change, and 2) the role of localities for inclusive urban governance. By focusing on five small neighbourhoods in the south of Taito-ward in central-east Tokyo, the paper addresses the following questions: a) what kinds of social networks and interaction exist at the local level, b) how are residents contributing to neighbourhood revitalization and community identity, and c) what are specific examples of social innovative practices, emerging in periods of crisis, in the case-study area as a direct response to the COVID-19 pandemic? By adopting a mixed methods approach drawing especially on in-depth interviews conducted with a range of independent business owners, the study reveals the dynamics between long-term residents and newcomers as they negotiate shared identities that continue to shape the present and future of some of Tokyo’s oldest neighbourhoods. The research findings highlight the need for good urban governance to draw on an improved understanding of the potential of localities, place-based social capital building, and new social practices that are emerging in local third sectors, such as volunteer-run industry-based organizations, which are vital in maintaining informal networks as an alternative to more traditional neighbourhood groups to bond, bridge, and link diverse community members.
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Meltzer, Rachel, i Sean Capperis. "Neighbourhood differences in retail turnover: Evidence from New York City". Urban Studies 54, nr 13 (6.09.2016): 3022–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098016661268.
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Urban neighbourhoods are defined as much by their commercial character as their residential; retail services not only provide material needs for those living nearby, but less-tangible social and cultural capital as well. It is reasonable to expect, then, that excessive churn in these businesses can threaten the stability of a neighbourhood. Using a longitudinal data set on mixed-use neighbourhoods in New York City, we test whether or not neighbourhoods of varying circumstances and characteristics experience different degrees and types of retail turnover. Results suggest that there are meaningful differences in retail turnover across neighbourhoods. Retail turnover is directly associated with the type of business activity, commercial infrastructure and the neighbourhood’s consumer profile. However, when all three sets of factors are considered simultaneously in a regression analysis, consumer-related characteristics explain turnover more than those related to the local commercial environment. Specifically, businesses that provide necessity and more frequently consumed goods/services are more stable and chain establishments are more likely to venture into markets with some housing price discounts, growth potential and possibly less organised opposition. Neighbourhoods with less (and more heterogeneous) general retail (as opposed to food service) concentration, as well as bigger businesses, are more stable. More importantly, bigger households and higher shares of white residents are most strongly associated with less retail churn, and population growth is the strongest predictor of more turnover.
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Baller, Susann. "URBAN FOOTBALL PERFORMANCES: PLAYING FOR THE NEIGHBOURHOOD IN SENEGAL, 1950s–2000s". Africa 84, nr 1 (luty 2014): 17–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972013000600.
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ABSTRACTIn Senegal, neighbourhood football teams are more popular than teams in the national football league. The so-called navétanes teams were first created in the 1950s. Since the early 1970s, they have competed in local, regional and national neighbourhood championships. This article considers the history of these clubs and their championships by focusing on the city of Dakar and its fast-growing suburbs, Pikine and Guédiawaye. Research on the navétanes allows an exploration of the social and cultural history of the neighbourhoods from the actor-centred perspective of urban youth. The history of the navétanes reflects the complex interrelations between young people, the city and the state. The performative act of football – on and beyond the pitch, by players, fans and organizers – constitutes the neighbourhood as a social space in a context where the state fails to provide sufficient infrastructure and is often contested. The navétanes clubs and championships demonstrate how young people have experienced and imagined their neighbourhoods in different local-level ways, while at the same time interconnecting them with other social spaces, such as the ‘city’, the ‘nation’ and ‘the world’.
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Farwick, Andreas, Heike Hanhörster, Isabel Ramos Lobato i Wiebke Striemer. "Neighbourhood-based social integration. The importance of the local context for different forms of resource transfer". Raumforschung und Raumordnung Spatial Research and Planning 77, nr 4 (30.08.2019): 417–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rara-2019-0046.
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AbstractDue to their lack of financial resources, poor residents of deprived neighbourhoods are very much reliant on support and assistance from their personal networks. Studies refer to the key importance of neighbourhood contacts transcending social boundaries to promote upward social mobility. Based on a mix of quantitative and qualitative findings, this paper looks at the importance of social mix within a person’s neighbourhood and immediate surroundings for transferring different kinds of resources. The results show that even residents of deprived neighbourhoods can call on a well-developed support network to deal with everyday problems. The contribution also shows that network contacts to people endowed with more resources are no guarantee for the upward social mobility of the less well endowed. Indeed, it would seem that ‘getting-ahead’ resources are also accessible via their homogeneous networks. Much more to the point, the immediate surroundings turn out to be an important spatial context for contacts and resource transfers, especially for families with children.
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Damurski, Łukasz, Jacek Pluta i Wawrzyniec Zipser. "Pedestrian accessibility of services as a measure of territorial cohesion at the neighbourhood level". Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 49, nr 49 (25.08.2020): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bog-2020-0022.
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AbstractTerritorial cohesion, despite its initial ambiguity, has been successfully implemented in national and regional policies across the EU. However, its operationalisation on the local level remains a major challenge. This paper asks whether pedestrian accessibility of services and public transport nodes can be used as a measure of territorial cohesion at the local level. The presented research was conducted in 2016–19 in five neighbourhoods in Poland representing various settlement contexts: large cities, mediumsized towns and suburban areas. It adapted particular indicators of territorial cohesion established by ESPON to the neighbourhood scale. The highest levels of territorial cohesion expressed by users’ satisfaction were achieved in a neighbourhood in a medium-sized town, whereas in geographical terms, territorial cohesion reached higher levels in large cities. Despite those differences, the proposed research method based on pedestrian accessibility offers quantifiable and comparable results on territorial cohesion on the neighbourhood level.
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Leong, Misha, Matthew A. Bertone, Keith M. Bayless, Robert R. Dunn i Michelle D. Trautwein. "Exoskeletons and economics: indoor arthropod diversity increases in affluent neighbourhoods". Biology Letters 12, nr 8 (sierpień 2016): 20160322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0322.
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In urban ecosystems, socioeconomics contribute to patterns of biodiversity. The ‘luxury effect’, in which wealthier neighbourhoods are more biologically diverse, has been observed for plants, birds, bats and lizards. Here, we used data from a survey of indoor arthropod diversity (defined throughout as family-level richness) from 50 urban houses and found that house size, surrounding vegetation, as well as mean neighbourhood income best predict the number of kinds of arthropods found indoors. Our finding, that homes in wealthier neighbourhoods host higher indoor arthropod diversity (consisting of primarily non-pest species), shows that the luxury effect can extend to the indoor environment. The effect of mean neighbourhood income on indoor arthropod diversity was particularly strong for individual houses that lacked high surrounding vegetation ground cover, suggesting that neighbourhood dynamics can compensate for local choices of homeowners. Our work suggests that the management of neighbourhoods and cities can have effects on biodiversity that can extend from trees and birds all the way to the arthropod life in bedrooms and basements.
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Beckers, Pascal, i Sanne Boschman. "Residential choices of foreign highly skilled workers in the Netherlands and the role of neighbourhood and urban regional characteristics". Urban Studies 56, nr 4 (30.11.2017): 760–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017741262.
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In the international competition for talent, local and national policy makers are keen to better understand the location choices of highly skilled workers in order to design more effective policies geared towards the group’s attraction and retention. In this study, we explain whether and to what extent the local living environment, in particular characteristics at the neighbourhood and urban regional level, affect the residential choices of foreign highly skilled workers. We make use of register data from Statistics Netherlands on the residential locations of all of these migrants who entered the Netherlands between 2000 and 2009. We combine this dataset with data on relevant characteristics at the neighbourhood level as well as with relevant amenities and labour market characteristics at the regional level. We estimate a negative binomial regression model to test which characteristics of neighbourhoods and urban regions are associated with high inflows of foreign highly skilled workers at the neighbourhood level. We find that, besides labour market characteristics, the characteristics of the local environment do matter for location choices of foreign highly skilled workers in the Netherlands. This group tends to settle in higher income, inner city neighbourhoods that offer a high degree of urban vibe. Furthermore, residential choices differ between single and multi-person households and change with duration of stay in the country.
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Donner, Henrike. "Locating Activist Spaces: The Neighbourhood as a Source and Site of Urban Activism in 1970s Calcutta". Cultural Dynamics 23, nr 1 (marzec 2011): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0921374011403352.
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This article analyses the meaning of urban neighbourhoods for the emergence of Maoist activism in 1970s Calcutta. Through ethnography the article highlights the way recruitment, strategies and the legacy of the movement were located in the experience and politics of the urban neighbourhood. As a social formation, the neighbourhood shaped the relationships that made Maoist subjectivities feasible and provided the space for coalitions and cooperation across a wider spectrum than the label of a student movement acknowledges. The neighbourhood appears here as an emergent site for Maoist epistemologies, which depended on this space and its everyday practices, intimate social relations as well as the experience of the local state in the locality.
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Baffoe, Gideon, i Keith Kintrea. "Towards Understanding the Landscapes of Neighbourhood Research: An Insight from Bibliometric Analysis". Sustainability 14, nr 5 (7.03.2022): 3115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14053115.
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The concept of neighbourhood remains contested and negotiated, and how to define it continues to be subject to debate. Neighbourhood is important for understanding social processes, behavioural characteristics, policy implementation and development initiatives. Until now, no attempt has been made to statistically characterise the field. This study aims to provide a macroscopic overview using bibliometric analysis of the main characteristics of neighbourhood research publications in order to understand the academic landscape. This characterisation will help to understand the scholarship nuances, which are often difficult to grasp by reading selected academic papers. The study analyses the emergence and evolution of the concept of neighbourhood in published research, its global regional distribution and extent of collaboration between regions, the contribution of institutions, author and journal productivity, as well as scholarship clusters of neighbourhood publications. The paper shows that the subfield of neighbourhood research is predominantly under the hegemony of the United States, given its major role in publication records, institutional contributions and international collaborations. While most studies have concentrated on social and environmental aspects of neighbourhood, topics related to the local economy of neighbourhoods are sparse, suggesting a major gap in the literature.
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Chen, Yu, Yunxiao Dang i Guanpeng Dong. "An investigation of migrants’ residential satisfaction in Beijing". Urban Studies 57, nr 3 (16.05.2019): 563–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019836918.
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Chinese cities have witnessed enormous neighbourhood changes as a result of housing reforms, rapid urban expansion and massive rural-to-urban migration. Migrants, without local hukou status, are confronted with many constraints in accessing urban housing. While previous studies have focused on migrants’ poor housing conditions, relatively little is known about their self-selection into different neighbourhood types, as well as their subjective evaluation of the living environment in local areas. Drawing upon a large-scale questionnaire survey conducted in Beijing in 2013, we examine the factors influencing migrants’ residential choices, in particular urban villages versus other neighbourhood types, in a multinomial logit model, and the sources of residential satisfaction in a multilevel framework. The results show that migrants sort themselves into different neighbourhoods contingent on demographic and socio-economic factors, and express different levels of satisfaction after controlling for individual attributes and geographical context. Moreover, their self-selection significantly influences residential satisfaction.
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Whitehead, Mark. "Love Thy Neighbourhood—Rethinking the Politics of Scale and Walsall's Struggle for Neighbourhood Democracy". Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 35, nr 2 (luty 2003): 277–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a35127.
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Despite its apparent irrelevance as a scale or space of sociocultural organisation, the neighbourhood is back on the political agenda. At an international level, the neighbourhood—or, more specifically, the ‘global neighbourhood'—is being promoted as a moral space through which to manage the complex economic, political, and ecological problems of the planet. Mirroring this process at a national level, in the United Kingdom the neighbourhood has been rediscovered and now provides the parameters through which a range of antipoverty, welfare, and local democracy programmes are being delivered. In light of its contemporary political popularity, this paper presents a critical reanalysis of the concept of the neighbourhood. In particular, the analysis explores the ideological and political uses of the ideal of neighbourhood, and how these processes relate to a particular ‘politics of scale'. In order to unpack the various politics of scales associated with the neighbourhood, the analysis combines theories of scale with Lefebvre's work on the production of space. Drawing on these theoretical insights and the case of neighbourhood politics in the town of Walsall in the United Kingdom, I explore the political narratives and practices through which the neighbourhood scale is produced and contested, and question the ability of neighbourhoods, as they are currently being constructed in the United Kingdom, to offer locally empowering scales of political and social organisation.
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Pánek, Jiří, i Vít Pászto. "Emotional Mapping in Local Neighbourhood Planning". International Journal of E-Planning Research 6, nr 1 (styczeń 2017): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.2017010101.
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City planning, decision-making and participation in local administration can be sometimes elitist, closed to the public and non-participatory processes. Citizens are frequently a neglected part of these activities and are usually only involved and considered prior to elections. Yet citizens have a relevant role in the processes of town planning and administration. This paper describes the implementation of a web-based crowdsourcing tool for the collection and visualisation of emotion-based and subjective information on maps. The tool was used in a case study of neighbourhood development consultation in the city of Príbram, the Czech Republic. Visual, textual and statistical analyses showed a similar spatial distribution of some topics within the Križáky neighbourhood and provide results, combining qualitative and quantitative approaches in the process of e-participation in urban e-planning. The results presented in this paper allow replication of the research methodology in other areas as well as its implementation.
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Zhang, Casper, Anthony Barnett, Janice Johnston, Poh-chin Lai, Ruby Lee, Cindy Sit i Ester Cerin. "Objectively-Measured Neighbourhood Attributes as Correlates and Moderators of Quality of Life in Older Adults with Different Living Arrangements: The ALECS Cross-Sectional Study". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, nr 5 (10.03.2019): 876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050876.
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With an ageing world population, preservation of older adults’ health and quality of life (QoL) is paramount. Due to lower levels of physical functionality, older adults are particularly susceptible to local environment influences, especially those living alone and lacking family support. Using generalised additive mixed models, we examined associations and confounder-adjusted associations between objectively-measured neighbourhood attributes and QoL domains in 909 Hong Kong Chinese elderly community dwellers. Most examined neighbourhood attributes were not associated with QoL in the whole sample. Neighbourhood residential and entertainment density was curvilinearly and/or linearly related to specific QoL domains. Number of parks was negatively associated with social QoL and having well-treed parks with higher levels of social QoL. Older adults living alone in neighbourhoods with poor access to destinations and few activities in parks showed lower environmental and/or social QoL than their counterparts. Neighbourhood built environment characteristics do not seem to impact Hong Kong older adults’ physical and psychological QoL. Medium-to-high density, well-ordered neighbourhoods with optimal mixes of well-treed public open spaces and services meeting their daily needs may significantly contribute to social and environmental QoL in this population and appear particularly important to those living alone.
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Damurski, Łukasz, Magdalena Mayer-Wydra i Katarzyna Komorowska. "PRZESTRZENNY WYMIAR ŻYWOTNOŚCI OSIEDLA Z PERSPEKTYWY UŻYTKOWNIKÓW I USŁUGODAWCÓW". Studia Miejskie 37 (24.02.2021): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/sm.1471.
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Neighbourhood liveability is a concept reflecting the perceived living conditions in a housing area. Liveability depends on one hand on the relationship between demand and supply on the local services market, and on the other hand on the spatial structure of the neighbourhood. In this paper we combine those two aspects by asking a question: what physical forms are the most effective in providing quality of life and satisfying the everyday needs of citizens? We present the results of social survey and mapping analysis conducted in 5 neighbourhoods in Poland representing big cities, medium towns and suburbs. Each case study included opinions of both the customers and services providers. The results show that there are particular spatial structures (streets, squares, passages) positively evaluated by each of the two groups, determining the neighbourhood liveability.
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YALDIZ, Çağlasın. "A STUDY ON MULTICULTURALISM AND ADAPTATION PROBLEMS IN SOUTH KOREA". SOCIAL SCIENCE DEVELOPMENT JOURNAL 7, nr 30 (15.03.2022): 302–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31567/ssd.575.
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The concepts of village and neighbourhood are the structures which have existed in local government structure for many years. There are various legal, sociological and cultural characteristics of being a village and neighbourhood. Additionally, as the Law No. 6360 on the Establishment of the Fourteen Metropolitan Municipalities and Twenty-seven Districts and the Law on the Amendment of Certain Laws and Statutory Decrees has been enacted by Grand National Assembly of Turkey on 14.03.2013, and has been implemented by publishing on Official Gazette, these two concepts which have different legal structures are subject to new legal regulations. With this law, all the villages in the provinces that have metropolitan status have been transformed into neighbourhoods. Definitely, this transformation has resulted in many sociological, psychological and legal consequences. In this study, the Law No. 6360 was evaluated within the framework of 2014 local election, which is the first year of implementation of the Law. With this Law, the transformation of some provinces into the metropolitan municipalities which is the most fundamental change in the local government structure, the transformation of the villages of these municipalities into neighbourhoods, and the closure of some city municipalities were examined.
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O'Dea, Eireann, Daniel Rong Yao Gan, Habib Chaudhury, Ziying Zhang, Andrew Wister, Lisa Cohen Quay, Shelley Jorde i Claire Wang. "COMMUNAL SUPPORT PREDICTS BETTER MENTAL HEALTH: KNOWLEDGE TRANSLATION AMONG OLDER ADULTS DURING COVID-19". Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (1.11.2022): 619–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2304.
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Abstract The well-being of older adults has been linked to the quality of their neighbourhood environment. Given that COVID-19 affected poorer neighbourhoods disproportionately, we partnered with community organizations to identify meso-level psychosocial factors that may improve loneliness, depressive mood, and cognitive function. Five variables were identified through focus groups with older adults and community organizations. These variables were drawn from validated scales, including communal provisions, neighbourhood friendship, self-expression, social experiences, and time outdoors. This paper presents preliminary findings from surveys administered to 151 community-dwelling older adults across British Columbia and interviews in four neighbourhoods.Purposeful and snowball sampling were used to recruit older adults (age 55+) from community centres and neighbourhood houses. Online surveys measured the five meso-level psychosocial exposure variables. Outcome variables included an index of loneliness, depressive mood, self-rated memory, semantic fluency and delayed recall. Data was geocoded and aggregated by Forward Sortation Area. Regression and cross-level mediation analysis were conducted. Four neighbourhoods were selected from a 2x2 matrix of high and low neighbourhood deprivation (CANUE, 2016). Mental health was associated with better social experiences (B=.26, p=.003). Time outdoors (B=.35, p=.047) was associated with better delayed recall. Mental health was better in poorer neighbourhoods (B=.20, p=.015). This was partially mediated by communal provisions (B=.19, p=.032). Social experiences (B=.23, p=.009) fully mediated these effects on mental health. Participants described being of local community services and took on opportunities to volunteer. Social experiences and neighbourhood resources may help support mental health and well-being among older adults during the pandemic and beyond.
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Forouhar, Navid, Amir Forouhar i Mahnoosh Hasankhani. "Land-use change and quality of life in residential neighbourhoods: Evidence from Tehran, Iran". GeoScape 15, nr 2 (1.12.2021): 104–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/geosc-2021-0009.
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Abstract Land-use planning generally aims to manage the development of urban areas to address the needs of the communities. In this regard, the multiple and often competing environmental, economic and social conflicts complicate the process of land-use planning. Commercial development in residential neighbourhoods is a common type of land-use conflict that can dramatically exacerbate these potential conflicts. Over the recent decades, many affluent neighbourhoods of Tehran Metropolis (the capital of Iran) have been confronted with an unbridled development of commercial activities within the residential areas. This paper seeks to understand the process of land-use change and its impacts on the residents’ quality of life in an affluent neighbourhood of Tehran Metropolis (Gisha Neighbourhood) by adopting a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods of impact assessment including semi-structured interview, purposeful field survey, and traffic survey. The results yield that incompatible land-use policies of the Tehran Comprehensive Plan and structural defects in the land-use change regulations led to an unbridled process of commercialisation which intensified non-local activities with city/regional service coverage along the main streets of Gisha Neighbourhood. The analysis demonstrates that despite improving the accessibility of residents to urban facilities and reducing their travel time/cost, the process of land-use changes in Gisha Neighbourhood declined the residents’ quality of life by its considerable negative effects on socio-cultural structures, landuse patterns, traffic flow, and human health in the residential areas of the neighbourhood.
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AZMI, Aeizh, i Khojasteh HASHEMI. "Role of eventfulness in socio-economic development of neighborhoods in Shiraz, Iran". European Journal of Geography 11, nr 3 (13.12.2020): 164–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.48088/ejg.a.azm.11.3.164.180.
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Festivals have various economic and social impacts at the neighbourhood level, and this paper aimed to explore such impacts. The statistical population consisted of local experts, including the specialists, municipality authorities, and researchers of tourism and eventfulness. The total population sampling was performed as the qualitative research up to the saturation point. The findings showed that the eventfulness contributes to the economic and social development of the neighbourhoods, albeit periodically. Moreover, it was found to bring some benefits, including the job creation, increased ancillary income, and local economic interactions. The event organization process showed that the events have become governmentalized and religious. However, the results of the study indicated that the eventfulness has a significant effect on the increased social capital at the neighbourhood level, resulting in the increased public participation and quality of life.
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den Besten, Olga. "Local belonging and ‘geographies of emotions’: Immigrant children’s experience of their neighbourhoods in Paris and Berlin". Childhood 17, nr 2 (maj 2010): 181–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0907568210365649.
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This article argues that a sense of local belonging and emotional attitudes to one’s neighbourhood are inherently interconnected. It explores immigrant children’s emotional experiences of their neighbourhoods in Paris and Berlin through subjective maps drawn by the children. The article highlights the social and spatial nature of immigrant children’s belongings, and how their different emotional geographies are connected to differential access to material resources, extra-curricular education and their migration histories.
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Morita, Madoka. "Between Hostility and Hospitality: Neighbourhoods and Dynamics of Urban Migration in Istanbul (1730–54)". Turkish Historical Review 7, nr 1 (12.04.2016): 58–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18775462-00701004.
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This article explores the dynamics of urban migration and the politics of integration in mid-eighteenth-century Istanbul, both on the government policy-level and through the unofficial grass-roots processes. With a special focus on an inspection register (dated 1158/1745) detecting immigrants physically dwelling in the neighbourhoods (mahalles), I reveal that whereas the government policy for migration management hinged on the neighbourhood units which spatially organized the city’s inhabitants, each neighbourhood was an arena of social ties and relations, through the intermediary of which illegal immigrants would be transformed into legal residents who would live up to the norms of local society.
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Frimpong, Louis Kusi, Martin Oteng-Ababio, George Owusu i Charlotte Wrigley-Asante. "Collective efficacy and fear of crime in urban neighbourhoods in Ghana". Safer Communities 17, nr 3 (9.07.2018): 167–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sc-06-2017-0024.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between neighbourhood characteristics and fear of crime, and further explore how this relationship is mediated by collective efficacy. The background to this is that while research, mainly based on the experiences of western countries is conclusive on how collective efficacy plays a mediating role between neighbourhood structural characteristics and fear of crime, the situation in developing countries remains poorly researched.Design/methodology/approachThe study drew from a baseline survey conducted in different socio-economic neighbourhoods in four cities in Ghana. With regards to the analysis, results from a series of ordinary least square multiple regression models were used to develop a path diagram to explain the direct and indirect relationships at the various study neighbourhoods.FindingsResults from the study showed variations of the extent of neighbourhood effect on fear of crime and collective efficacy in the different socio-economic neighbourhoods. More importantly, the study revealed that collective efficacy mediated the effect of a number of neighbourhood characteristics on fear of crime in low-income neighbourhoods compared to middle- and high-income neighbourhoods.Practical implicationsThe conclusion of the study brings to the fore the relevance of collective efficacy as a vehicle for building safer communities in Ghana since it relies on local initiatives in addressing criminogenic problems. More importantly, it is suggested that formal crime prevention efforts should be integrated with informal crime control measures, particularly in low-income neighbourhoods.Originality/valueUsing extensive survey data collected in Ghana, the study examines the applicability of collective efficacy, a western-based socio-ecological theory in a developing country context.
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Steele, Jess. "Springing the benefits trap". Benefits: A Journal of Poverty and Social Justice 15, nr 2 (czerwiec 2007): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.51952/kwyv6572.
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Neighbourhood renewal aims to close the gap between the poorest neighbourhoods and the average ones, so that no one should be disadvantaged by where they live. One of the biggest barriers in the way of this and many of the government’s other laudable targets, is the way the benefit system undermines local resident participation in the solutions.
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Jain, Chitra S. "The Role of Resident Welfare Associations in Neighbourhood-Level Solid Waste Management and Composting : New Delhi, India". Localities 7 (30.11.2017): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15299/local.2017.11.7.233.
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Mahmoudi Farahani, Leila, Cecily Maller i Kath Phelan. "Private Gardens as Urban Greenspaces: Can They Compensate for Poor Greenspace Access in Lower Socioeconomic Neighbourhoods?" Landscape Online 59 (18.05.2018): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3097/lo.201859.
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The increasing process of urbanisation has major implications for the environment, biodiversity, and health and well-being of urban residents. Empirical evidence for urban greening benefits suggests that it is an appropriate planning and policy approach for tackling some of the problems associated with urbanisation, including biodiversity loss and heat island effects. Gardens on private residential lots represent a substantial proportion of greenspaces in low density cities with extensive suburban areas. Drawing on a qualitative study of residents in Sunshine North, Melbourne, Australia, this paper discusses three questions about the relationship of private gardens to public greenspaces:1) how does residents’ use of private gardens impact their use of other neighbourhood greenspaces;2) can private gardens address inequality of access to greenspaces in lower income neighbourhoods; and,3) what does this imply for planning and neighbourhood design?Contrary to previous research, the findings did not show a meaningful relationship between residents’ use of their gardens and local greenspaces, and further, that large yards and gardens do not substitute for poor access to local greenspaces. The paper concludes that policy makers and planners cannot assume private gardens and public greenspaces are interchangeable. While private gardens and local greenspaces can both provide positive benefits to residents, private gardens do not act as a substitute for local greenspaces in neighbourhoods of varying socio-economic status.
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Johnson, Brian, Philipp M. Altrock i Gregory J. Kimmel. "Two-dimensional adaptive dynamics of evolutionary public goods games: finite-size effects on fixation probability and branching time". Royal Society Open Science 8, nr 5 (maj 2021): 210182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210182.
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Public goods games (PGGs) describe situations in which individuals contribute to a good at a private cost, but others can free-ride by receiving a share of the public benefit at no cost. The game occurs within local neighbourhoods, which are subsets of the whole population. Free-riding and maximal production are two extremes of a continuous spectrum of traits. We study the adaptive dynamics of production and neighbourhood size. We allow the public good production and the neighbourhood size to coevolve and observe evolutionary branching. We explain how an initially monomorphic population undergoes evolutionary branching in two dimensions to become a dimorphic population characterized by extremes of the spectrum of trait values. We find that population size plays a crucial role in determining the final state of the population. Small populations may not branch or may be subject to extinction of a subpopulation after branching. In small populations, stochastic effects become important and we calculate the probability of subpopulation extinction. Our work elucidates the evolutionary origins of heterogeneity in local PGGs among individuals of two traits (production and neighbourhood size), and the effects of stochasticity in two-dimensional trait space, where novel effects emerge.
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Arenas, Lehyton, Miguel Atienza i José Francisco Vergara Perucich. "Ruta N, an island of innovation in Medellín’s downtown". Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 35, nr 5 (sierpień 2020): 419–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269094220961054.
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This article discusses the contribution of innovation centres in nearby neighbourhoods based on primary data. This paper involves the study of the case of Ruta N in Medellín to expose the relationship between a consolidated neighbourhood and new innovation facilities. Ruta N was founded after the implementation of a city-level policy for innovation intended to secure the economic growth of a former deprived area of the city. This innovation attracted local and international creative entrepreneurs to Medellín’s downtown but with inconsistent results. The analysis revealed that Ruta N rarely interacts with the nearby neighbourhood, thus restricting its potential to contribute to the community. Instead, it is perceived that Ruta N takes advantage of the neighbourhood to meet the needs of Ruta N users, not the other way around. As a result, community members argue that Ruta N could promote potential conflicts in the area.
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Baffoe, Gideon, Josephine Malonza, Vincent Manirakiza i Leon Mugabe. "Understanding the Concept of Neighbourhood in Kigali City, Rwanda". Sustainability 12, nr 4 (19.02.2020): 1555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041555.
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Though the relevance of the concept of neighbourhood in both research and policy oriented circles is unquestionable, the concept remains contested and fluid, making its operationalisation a daunting task, particularly in practice. This study explores how the concept of neighbourhood has been operationalised in Kigali city and how the neighbourhood boundaries and typologies are defined. The paper dwells on the review of relevant literature, interviews with 25 practitioners and field observations. It is argued that neighbourhood conceptualisation in Kigali is both theory—it bears the common aspects of neighbourhood definitions—and practice driven, reflecting modernity and context. On the one hand, modernity suggests the desire of planning authorities to follow contemporary planning practices. Context, on the other hand, reflects the desire to tailor local policies to country specific challenges. While boundaries follow subjective, administrative and physical models, typologies tend to be overly physical, focusing mainly on housing structures. The study identified three conventional neighbourhood typologies—planned, informal and mixed types. Given the predominance of informal and mixed neighbourhoods, this study further argues that such areas form the ‘bedroom’ and ‘transit point’ for most lower- and middle-class workers, in addition to serving as a ‘laboratory’ for testing various social interventions. The study recommends a well-serviced mixed classification typology to foster a strong sense of belongingness.