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Koch, Roy W., i Roderick L. Allen. "Decision Support System for Local Water Management". Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 112, nr 4 (październik 1986): 527–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(1986)112:4(527).
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Mirian, Maryam S., Majid Nili Ahmadabadi, Babak N. Araabi i Roland R. Siegwart. "Learning Active Fusion of Multiple Experts' Decisions: An Attention-Based Approach". Neural Computation 23, nr 2 (luty 2011): 558–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00079.
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In this letter, we propose a learning system, active decision fusion learning (ADFL), for active fusion of decisions. Each decision maker, referred to as a local decision maker, provides its suggestion in the form of a probability distribution over all possible decisions. The goal of the system is to learn the active sequential selection of the local decision makers in order to consult with and thus learn the final decision based on the consultations. These two learning tasks are formulated as learning a single sequential decision-making problem in the form of a Markov decision process (MDP), and a continuous reinforcement learning method is employed to solve it. The states of this MDP are decisions of the attended local decision makers, and the actions are either attending to a local decision maker or declaring final decisions. The learning system is punished for each consultation and wrong final decision and rewarded for correct final decisions. This results in minimizing the consultation and decision-making costs through learning a sequential consultation policy where the most informative local decision makers are consulted and the least informative, misleading, and redundant ones are left unattended. An important property of this policy is that it acts locally. This means that the system handles any nonuniformity in the local decision maker's expertise over the state space. This property has been exploited in the design of local experts. ADFL is tested on a set of classification tasks, where it outperforms two well-known classification methods, Adaboost and bagging, as well as three benchmark fusion algorithms: OWA, Borda count, and majority voting. In addition, the effect of local experts design strategy on the performance of ADFL is studied, and some guidelines for the design of local experts are provided. Moreover, evaluating ADFL in some special cases proves that it is able to derive the maximum benefit from the informative local decision makers and to minimize attending to redundant ones.
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Esteva, Juan Carolos, V. M. Rao Tummala i Sergio Antiochia. "Decision Support System for Local Area Network Procurement". Information Resources Management Journal 6, nr 2 (kwiecień 1993): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/irmj.1993040101.
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Luo, Junhai, i Xiaoting He. "A Soft–Hard Combination Decision Fusion Scheme for a Clustered Distributed Detection System with Multiple Sensors". Sensors 18, nr 12 (10.12.2018): 4370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18124370.
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In the distributed detection system with multiple sensors, there are two ways for local sensors to deliver their local decisions to the fusion center (FC): a one-bit hard decision and a multiple-bit soft decision. Compared with the soft decision, the hard decision has worse detection performance due to the loss of sensing information but has the main advantage of smaller communication costs. To get a tradeoff between communication costs and detection performance, we propose a soft–hard combination decision fusion scheme for the clustered distributed detection system with multiple sensors and non-ideal communication channels. A clustered distributed detection system is configured by a fuzzy logic system and a fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm. In clusters, each local sensor transmits its local multiple-bit soft decision to its corresponding cluster head (CH) under the non-ideal channel, in which a simple and efficient soft decision fusion method is used. Between clusters, the fusion center combines all cluster heads’ one-bit hard decisions into a final global decision by using an optimal fusion rule. We show that the clustered distributed system with the proposed scheme has a good performance that is close to that of the centralized system, but it consumes much less energy than the centralized system at the same time. In addition, the system with the proposed scheme significantly outperforms the conventional distributed detection system that only uses a hard decision fusion. Using simulation results, we also show that the detection performance increases when more bits are delivered in the soft decision in the distributed detection system.
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BK, Upendra Bahadur. "The Exclusion of Dalits in Local Governance". Scholars' Journal 6 (31.12.2023): 49–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/scholars.v6i1.69994.
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In order to guarantee citizen participation in the decision-making stages of governance, the federal system of governance in Nepal distributes state authorities across the national and sub-nation al levels. From an equity perspective, local governance becomes even more fundamental when oppressed and marginalized people participate in decision-making. Examining the degree of Dalit subordination in local government decision-making is the article’s goal. In addition to critically analyzing relevant material pertaining to the research issue, the researcher employed a narrative approach to gather lived experiences of Dalits in local politics. It was discovered that Dalits are silenced at the local government decision-making levels. The elites (thulabada) in the settlements effectively explain and capture the needs of local developments, but Dalits remain unheard. The elected elites conduct the executive and topic committee meetings and consultations. Dalit elected members continue to yield to decisions that are supported by non-Dalits. Dalits are positioned at the bottom of the caste system by the dominant ideology that has permeated the community. As a result, Dalits are purposefully ignored by society, socio culturally disintegrated, and weak in politics. Dalits’ views are excluded from local government decisions and resources since they are not represented in executive positions within the local government. The community is divided along caste lines by the deeply ingrained psychology of the caste system.
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Meyer, Friederike, i Conrad Boley. "Hazard assessment for potential slope debris flow areas by a local scaled Decision Support System". Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften 161, nr 2 (1.06.2010): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/1860-1804/2010/0161-0163.
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Degang, Chen, i Zhao Suyun. "Local reduction of decision system with fuzzy rough sets". Fuzzy Sets and Systems 161, nr 13 (lipiec 2010): 1871–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fss.2009.12.010.
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Suhendro, Saring. "Optimalization Decisions Of Local Governmental In Indonesia". E-Jurnal Akuntansi 32, nr 9 (12.09.2022): 2822. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/eja.2022.v32.i09.p15.
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The application of the local government finance system currently being used is one of the facilities from the Ministry of Home Affairs to local governments in the field of regional financial management to strengthen perceptions of regional financial management systems and procedures. This study looks at how task and user characteristics will affect the success of accounting information systems and optimal decision quality of all local governments by adopting the theory of Petter, Delone, and McLean (2013). Data was collected through questionnaires distributed to all residents of the provincial/district/ city governments in Indonesia, as many as 111 units of analysis. The data was processed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). This is a cross-sectional study viewed from a time horizon. The results showed a positive effect of task and user characteristics on accounting information systems and optimal head decisions decisions.
Keywords: Task Characteristics; User Characteristics; Accounting Information System; Optimal Decision and Local Government.
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Hyder, Ayaz, Anne Trinh, Pranav Padmanabhan, John Marschhausen, Alexander Wu, Alexander Evans, Radhika Iyer i Alexandria Jones. "COVID-19 Surveillance for Local Decision Making". Public Health Reports 136, nr 4 (12.05.2021): 403–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00333549211018203.
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Objective Data-informed decision making is valued among school districts, but challenges remain for local health departments to provide data, especially during a pandemic. We describe the rapid planning and deployment of a school-based COVID-19 surveillance system in a metropolitan US county. Methods In 2020, we used several data sources to construct disease- and school-based indicators for COVID-19 surveillance in Franklin County, an urban county in central Ohio. We collected, processed, analyzed, and visualized data in the COVID-19 Analytics and Targeted Surveillance System for Schools (CATS). CATS included web-based applications (public and secure versions), automated alerts, and weekly reports for the general public and decision makers, including school administrators, school boards, and local health departments. Results We deployed a pilot version of CATS in less than 2 months (August–September 2020) and added 21 school districts in central Ohio (15 in Franklin County and 6 outside the county) into CATS during the subsequent months. Public-facing web-based applications provided parents and students with local information for data-informed decision making. We created an algorithm to enable local health departments to precisely identify school districts and school buildings at high risk of an outbreak and active SARS-CoV-2 transmission in school settings. Practice Implications Piloting a surveillance system with diverse school districts helps scale up to other districts. Leveraging past relationships and identifying emerging partner needs were critical to rapid and sustainable collaboration. Valuing diverse skill sets is key to rapid deployment of proactive and innovative public health practices during a global pandemic.
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Erazo Navas, Carlos Felipe, Alejandro Echavarria Yepes, Sepideh Abolghasem i Giacomo Barbieri. "MTConnect-based decision support system for local machine tool monitoring". Procedia Computer Science 180 (2021): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.01.130.
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Di Graziano, A., i V. Marchetta. "A risk-based decision support system in local railways management". Journal of Rail Transport Planning & Management 20 (grudzień 2021): 100284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrtpm.2021.100284.
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KIM, Yong-Sup. "The Improvement of the Legal System for the Determination of the Jurisdiction of Saemangeum Area". Korean Administrative Law Association 27 (30.09.2024): 413–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.59826/kdps.27.413.
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Regarding the decision of the district of local governments, it has been relatively clearly determined by the maritime boundary line on the National Basic Report (topographic map) by the Constitutional Court's competency dispute trial. Currently, it is a dispute settlement system that does not recognize the customary legal effect of the maritime boundary line and resolves it by filing a complaint with the Supreme Court. Article 5 (formerly Article 4) of the Local Autonomy Act states that there is no legal boundary for the district of local governments and that it is subject to the former, and there are no clear regulations under the current law. The decision of the Central Dispute Mediation Committee, the decision of the Supreme Court, and the decision of the Constitutional Court are not judged based on objective and substantive standards. In accordance with the principle of equity, local governments' district decisions are made by applying various factors of consideration set by each judgment agency. As a result, conflicts continue between local governments over the jurisdiction over maritime or public water landfill sites. The revision of the Local Autonomy Act in 2009 seemed to create a new breakthrough, but the revision of the Local Autonomy Act in 2009 is amplifying rather than reducing disputes, and problems in system design and operation are being revealed. Even with the full revision of the Local Autonomy Act in 2021, only the provisions were moved from Articles 4 to 5 without any fundamental improvement in this area. Article 6 was newly established to require the Minister of Public Administration and Security to apply for mediation if the boundaries of the area are unclear, and in such cases, the formation of an autonomous consultative body was requested to establish a procedural regulation that forced consultations within a certain period of time. It is unclear whether such an autonomous consultative body will be effective in resolving conflicts between local governments only through autonomous consultations without attempts to promote negotiations by a third neutral institution or mediator. This is because these voluntary consultative bodies are merely a preliminary negotiation channel for the deliberations and decisions of the Central Dispute Settlement Commission or the local dispute settlement commission. Even the Central Dispute Settlement Commission, the Supreme Court, and the Constitutional Court make decisions on jurisdictional determinations based on a combination of factors set by the judicial bodies themselves, rather than the substantive standards set by law. This seems to be in line with the principle of equity by making a comprehensive judgment, but the factors to be prioritized vary from one institution to another, which leads to legal instability and ultimately to a lack of approval until a judicial conclusion is reached. It is also a problem that the filing period to the Supreme Court is only 15 days, and the judgment by the Supreme Court, which is a judicial decision, is also operated as a single-judgment system to investigate facts, so it is necessary to change the system to a two-judgment system that appeals to the Supreme Court after going through the High Court instead of filing directly to the Supreme Court. It seems like a step forward compared to the previous system of resolving disputes over the jurisdiction of local governments over the Saemangeum landfill through the deliberation and decision of the Central Dispute Mediation Committee, the decision of the Minister of the Interior and Safety, and the final decision of the Supreme Court.
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Cikic, Jovana. "Citizens' participation in local environmental protection system". Sociologija 54, nr 3 (2012): 549–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc1203549c.
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Changes in theoretical approach but also practice of planning environmental protection brought forth the issue of citizens? participation. Active citizens? participation is particularly stressed at the local environmental protection system because local community is considered as a framework of citizens? everyday life. At the same, capacity for citizens? participation is determined by interactions of three factors: a) general social conditions, b) characteristics of environmental protection system and c) characteristics of citizens? environmental awareness. The analysis, based on the results of the empirical research, is focused on role of citizens as social actors in environmental protection system at the local community level (city of Novi Sad). The research starts from the premise that although there is an elementary citizens? environmental awareness, its manifest dimension is not well developed primarily due to the to lack of tradition in political participation, but also inadequate cooperation with relevant institutions within the system, as well as hierarchy of everyday life problems that citizens have to deal with that, for the most of them, do not leave enough space and motives for the engagement of this kind. The purpose of this paper is to depict factors that stimulate or inhibit needs and capacities for citizens? participation within the processes of defining, decision making and implementation of decisions important for environmental protection.
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Hülsmann, Jonas, Julia Barbosa i Florian Steinke. "Local Interpretable Explanations of Energy System Designs". Energies 16, nr 5 (23.02.2023): 2161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16052161.
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Optimization-based design tools for energy systems often require a large set of parameter assumptions, e.g., about technology efficiencies and costs or the temporal availability of variable renewable energies. Understanding the influence of all these parameters on the computed energy system design via direct sensitivity analysis is not easy for human decision-makers, since they may become overloaded by the multitude of possible results. We thus propose transferring an approach from explaining complex neural networks, so-called locally interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME), to this related problem. Specifically, we use variations of a small number of interpretable, high-level parameter features and sparse linear regression to obtain the most important local explanations for a selected design quantity. For a small bottom-up optimization model of a grid-connected building with photovoltaics, we derive intuitive explanations for the optimal battery capacity in terms of different cloud characteristics. For a larger application, namely a national model of the German energy transition until 2050, we relate path dependencies of the electrification of the heating and transport sector to the correlation measures between renewables and thermal loads. Compared to direct sensitivity analysis, the derived explanations are more compact and robust and thus more interpretable for human decision-makers.
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Li, Na, Rudi Hakvoort i Zofia Lukszo. "Cost Allocation in Integrated Community Energy Systems—Social Acceptance". Sustainability 13, nr 17 (4.09.2021): 9951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179951.
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Integrated community energy systems (ICESs) are a good representative of local energy systems by integrating local distributed energy resources and local communities. It is proposed that costs should be allocated in a socially acceptable manner since there is no regulation in ICESs. In this paper, social acceptance is conceptualized from the dimension of community acceptance considering procedural and distributive justice. A fair process increases the understanding and the acceptance of the cost allocation outcomes, and a fair outcome leads to the acceptance of the cost allocation procedure. This approach adopted the multi-criteria decision-making technique to evaluate social acceptance to select a cost allocation method that was socially acceptable to local community members. The results show that our approach is unique and useful when multiple decision-making groups have to decide together upon the cost allocation method. It is able to provide quantitative results and optimal decisions from a multi-group decision-making perspective. The methodology developed in this research can be applied to any local community energy system to select a cost allocation method. Furthermore, the obtained results can be used by decision-makers to support them in the decision-making process. Based on our approach, policy implications are also analyzed to support the success of cost allocation in ICESs.
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Kyriakarakos, George, Konstantinos Patlitzianas, Markos Damasiotis i Dimitrios Papastefanakis. "A fuzzy cognitive maps decision support system for renewables local planning". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 39 (listopad 2014): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.009.
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Hettinga, Sanne, Peter Nijkamp i Henk Scholten. "A multi-stakeholder decision support system for local neighbourhood energy planning". Energy Policy 116 (maj 2018): 277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.02.015.
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Shekhar, S. "Improving the Slum Planning Through Geospatial Decision Support System". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-2 (11.11.2014): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-2-99-2014.
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In India, a number of schemes and programmes have been launched from time to time in order to promote integrated city development and to enable the slum dwellers to gain access to the basic services. Despite the use of geospatial technologies in planning, the local, state and central governments have only been partially successful in dealing with these problems. The study on existing policies and programmes also proved that when the government is the sole provider or mediator, GIS can become a tool of coercion rather than participatory decision-making. It has also been observed that local level administrators who have adopted Geospatial technology for local planning continue to base decision-making on existing political processes. In this juncture, geospatial decision support system (GSDSS) can provide a framework for integrating database management systems with analytical models, graphical display, tabular reporting capabilities and the expert knowledge of decision makers. This assists decision-makers to generate and evaluate alternative solutions to spatial problems. During this process, decision-makers undertake a process of decision research - producing a large number of possible decision alternatives and provide opportunities to involve the community in decision making. The objective is to help decision makers and planners to find solutions through a quantitative spatial evaluation and verification process. The study investigates the options for slum development in a formal framework of RAY (Rajiv Awas Yojana), an ambitious program of Indian Government for slum development. The software modules for realizing the GSDSS were developed using the ArcGIS and Community -VIZ software for Gulbarga city.
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Setiawan, Herri, Dhamayanti Dhamayanti i Tasmi Tasmi. "Local Government Project Assessment Application Using Group Decision Support System (GDSS) Model". Journal of Information Systems and Informatics 4, nr 4 (3.12.2022): 1053–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.51519/journalisi.v4i4.410.
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The assessment process is an important step in the evaluation, as it underlies the successful evaluation of a project. One solution to make the project assessment more objective is to apply the concept of a Group Decision Support System (GDSS), which in the decision process uses computing. This research tries to implement the concept by building an application for project evaluation and providing recommendations on project performance in local government agencies. The proposed Decision Makers (DMs) are involved: Executives of Government Institutions, Project Management Work Units, Business Process Owner Units, and Communities represented by the DPRD. The computational process uses the Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method, and the Copeland scores voting method ranks the project of all DMs. The results of application computing in implementing GDSS and MCDM indicate that the process of determining project rankings will be faster and more accurate.
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Kaliappan, Jayakumar, Revathi Thiagarajan i Karpagam Sundararajan. "Fusion of Heterogeneous Intrusion Detection Systems for Network Attack Detection". Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/314601.
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An intrusion detection system (IDS) helps to identify different types of attacks in general, and the detection rate will be higher for some specific category of attacks. This paper is designed on the idea that each IDS is efficient in detecting a specific type of attack. In proposed Multiple IDS Unit (MIU), there are five IDS units, and each IDS follows a unique algorithm to detect attacks. The feature selection is done with the help of genetic algorithm. The selected features of the input traffic are passed on to the MIU for processing. The decision from each IDS is termed as local decision. The fusion unit inside the MIU processes all the local decisions with the help of majority voting rule and makes the final decision. The proposed system shows a very good improvement in detection rate and reduces the false alarm rate.
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Zhang, Liwei, Kelin Chen i Ji Zhao. "Evidence-Based Decision-Making for a Public Health Emergency in China: Easier Said Than Done". American Review of Public Administration 50, nr 6-7 (15.07.2020): 720–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0275074020942410.
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This article aims to argue that evidence-based decision-making for a public health emergency is “easier said than done” reflected on COVID-19 response in China. For the local government, the behavioral pattern is prone to blame-avoiding instead of making decision following scientific evidence and experts’ advice. However, such behavior is not based on completely subjective judgment but a rational choice for the local government. Some consequences associated with China’s response to COVID-19 reveals an inflexible administrative system. Therefore, China’s governance reform should focus on empowering local governments with more flexibility and resilience, which enables local governments to make independent and scientific decisions in an emergency.
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Venkatapathi, Pella, Habibulla Khan, S. Srinivasa Rao i Govardhani Immadi. "Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Performance Assessment using Machine Learning in Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks". Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 14, nr 1 (8.02.2024): 12875–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.6639.
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The Cognitive Radio (CR) is an imminent technology, intended to make more effective use of the available spectrum by giving access to licensed frequency bands by unlicensed Secondary Users (SUs) without affecting Primary licensed Users (PUs). Depending on the region where the energy is being observed, each CR communicates local decisions or the seen energy to the Fusion Center (FC). This study presents the many plots that discuss an enhanced double threshold through the Cooperative Spectrum Sensing (CSS) approach. The FC then combines local decisions with the measured energy values to reach a final decision. The usage of several machine learning methods in spectrum decision with the myopic decision is estimated. The system seeks to enhance the long-term overall performance of the SU.
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Morales, Antonio, Manuel Campos, Jose M. Juarez, Bernardo Canovas-Segura, Francisco Palacios i Roque Marin. "A decision support system for antibiotic prescription based on local cumulative antibiograms". Journal of Biomedical Informatics 84 (sierpień 2018): 114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2018.07.003.
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Stula, Tomasz, i Jan Kazak. "Spatial Absorbency Concept as a Decision Support System for Sustainable Local Development". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 471 (24.02.2019): 112009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/471/11/112009.
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Loomans, Naud, i Floor Alkemade. "Exploring trade-offs: A decision-support tool for local energy system planning". Applied Energy 369 (wrzesień 2024): 123527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.123527.
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Afrianto, Eko, Ferry Wiranto i Iqbal Sabilirrasyad. "Decision Support System Selection of Land Suitable for Coffee Types Using the SMART Method (Case Study of the Jember Cocoa Coffee Research Center)". INSIDE - Jurnal Sistem Informatika Cerdas 1, nr 1 (7.11.2023): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31967/inside.v1i1.884.
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Coffee is one of Indonesia's mainstays in economic matters, coffee cultivation in Indonesia will produce 774.60 thousand tons of coffee in 2021. This means that this could be a lucrative opportunity. Not only that, the existence of coffee shops also began to be popular in many areas. The majority of these coffee shops utilize local farmers' products. Decision Support Systems are part of a computer-based (including knowledge-based) information system that is used to support decision-making within an organization or company. DSS can also be regarded as a computer system that processes data into information in making decisions on specific semi-structured problems. Decision support systems aim to provide information, guide, provide predictions, and direct solution options to users of information so they can make better decisions. the purpose of the research conducted is to develop a decision support system using the Simple Multi Attribute Rating Technique (SMART) method to determine the right coffee area and according to the time of planting at Jember Cocoa Coffee Research Center. The system successful performance of the features in the system, admin and user can use a decision support system for selecting coffee grounds according to their type.
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Don, Duleep Rathgamage, Jonathan Boardman, Sudhashree Sayenju, Ramazan Aygun, Yifan Zhang, Bill Franks, Sereres Johnston, George Lee, Dan Sullivan i Girish Modgil. "Automation of Explainability Auditing for Image Recognition". International Journal of Multimedia Data Engineering and Management 14, nr 1 (1.11.2023): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmdem.332882.
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XAI requires artificial intelligence systems to provide explanations for their decisions and actions for review. Nevertheless, for big data systems where decisions are made frequently, it is technically impossible to have an expert monitor every decision. To solve this problem, the authors propose an explainability auditing method for image recognition whether the explanations are relevant for the decision made by a black box model, and involve an expert as needed when explanations are doubtful. The explainability auditing system classifies explanations as weak or satisfactory using a local explainability model by analyzing the image segments that impacted the decision. This version of the proposed method uses LIME to generate the local explanations as superpixels. Then a bag of image patches is extracted from the superpixels to determine their texture and evaluate the local explanations. Using a rooftop image dataset, the authors show that 95.7% of the cases to be audited can be detected by the proposed method.
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PHS, Yuli Praptomo. "SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN UNTUK MENENTUKAN LOKASI PENDIRIAN HOTEL BARU BERBASIS ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP) DI KABUPATEN KULON PROGO". Jurnal Informatika Komputer, Bisnis dan Manajemen 16, nr 3 (20.11.2023): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.61805/fahma.v16i3.90.
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Decision Support Systems or Decision Support Systems (DSS) are defined as interactive computer-based systems, which help decision makers to use data and models to solve unstructured problems. Decision Support Systems are interactive computer systems that can provide alternative solutions for decision makers, so decisions can be made more quickly and accurately.
In an effort to speed up the decision-making process and avoid the subjectivity of the resulting decisions a decision support system is needed that aims to assist job management as decision makers in deciding the right location to establish new hotels through the selection process using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) model.
This system is expected to assist management in comparing value criteria, applying pairwise comparison matrices to get the weight of each criterion both local and global criteria. The AHP method is chosen because this method can carry out multi-objective measurements and several criteria, according to the requirements in the decision for the establishment of new hotels that rely on criteria.
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Chalyi, S., i V. Leshchynskyi. "Construction of explanations at the local level of decision-making process representation for internal users of the intelligent system". Bionics of Intelligence 1, nr 100 (28.06.2024): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30837/bi.2024.1(100).08.
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The subject of study in the article is the processes of constructing explanations for the obtained results and the sequence of decision-making actions in an intelligent information system. The goal is to develop an approach to constructing explanations at the local level of representation of the decision-making process of an intelligent system based on building temporal and causal dependencies, which creates conditions for identifying "bottlenecks" of this process when representing the intelligent system as a "gray" box. Tasks: development of an explanation model at the local level of representation for internal users of an intelligent system; development of a method for constructing explanations at the local level of representation of the decision-making process of an intelligent system. The approaches used are: methods of constructing explanations, approaches to constructing temporal knowledge. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is as follows. An explanation model at the local level of representation of the decision-making process for internal users of an intelligent information system has been developed. The model uses a combination of temporal dependencies that determine the linear sequence of process actions and causal rules-constraints that specify mandatory actions performed for all variants of the decision-making process. The proposed model creates conditions for identifying actions that limit the normal execution of the decision-making process and lead to results that do not meet the requirements of external users. A method for constructing explanations at the local level of representation of the decision-making process of an intelligent system has been developed. The method involves identifying temporal dependencies between pairs of consecutive states of the current decision-making process, selecting temporal dependencies that are performed for all variants of the decision-making process, and forming causal dependencies based on them. Using the method makes it possible to present decision-making constraints as an explanation, which creates conditions for identifying bottlenecks in the sequence of actions for obtaining a result in an intelligent system.
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Sanchez, Carlos Alberto Pacheco, Genny Torcoroma Navarro Claro i Jose Alberto Cristancho. "Administrative systems, situational leadership and decision-making in local economy management". Revista de Gestão e Secretariado (Management and Administrative Professional Review) 14, nr 7 (20.07.2023): 11524–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7769/gesec.v14i7.2368.
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Administrative systems and decision-making must be constantly studied in order to assess the strategic thinking of the administration with regard to its management and ability to achieve the competitiveness of organizations, however, the themes exposed in local economics are imprecise and little depth, therefore, the study knew the administrative system, the situational leadership style and the factors that affect the decision-making of a managerial type, with a quantitative-descriptive methodology, applying the questionnaire and the inquiry technique to 64 organized entrepreneurs in a sample stratified by economic sectors of Ocaña, it is concluded that in the business sector 70% have an administrative system of an authoritarian-coercive type, where more than 60% of service entities promote the participatory system, contrary to the sector of commerce and construction, finally, the timing and projection of the investment are important factors in the decision-making process.
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Chalyi, Serhii, i Volodymyr Leshchynskyi. "AN EXPLANATION MODEL IN AN INTELLIGENT SYSTEM AT THE LOCAL, GROUP AND GLOBAL LEVELS OF DETAIL". Bulletin of National Technical University "KhPI". Series: System Analysis, Control and Information Technologies, nr 2 (8) (23.12.2022): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2079-0023.2022.02.16.
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The subject of research is the process of formation of explanations in intellectual information systems. Machine learning methods are used in modern intelligent systems. The process of obtaining the solution formed on the basis of such methods is usually opaque to the user. As a result of such opacity, the user may not trust the solutions proposed by the intelligent system. This reduces the efficiency of its use. Explanations are used to increase the transparency of decisions. The explanation is represented by knowledge about the reasons for the formation of the result in the intellectual system, as well as about the reasons for individual actions in the process of formation of the result. Also, the explanation may contain knowledge about the influence of individual functions on the results obtained by the intelligent system. Therefore, it is advisable to form an explanation at different levels of detail in order to show both the generalized reasons and effects on the obtained decision, as well as the reasons for choosing individual intermediate actions. The purpose of the work is to develop a generalized model of explanation considering the states of the decision-making process in an intelligent system to build explanations based on known data regarding the sequence of states and the properties of these states. To achieve the goal, the following tasks are solved: structuring the properties of explanations; determining the possibilities of approaches to building explanations based on the states and structure of the decision-making process, as well as on the basis of input data; construction of an explanatory model. Conclusions. A generalized model of explanation in an intelligent system for local, group and global levels of detail of the decision-making process is proposed. The model is represented by an ordered sequence of weighted dependencies between events or states of the decision-making process. The model is focused on presenting the possibility to highlight a local explanation within the framework of a global explanation and to present a chain of group explanations between the events of obtaining input data and the resulting decision. In practical terms, the proposed model is intended for the construction of explanations using approaches based on the simplification of the process of functioning of the intelligent system and on the basis of highlighting the influence of individual functions and actions on the final result. Additional capabilities of the model are related to the detailing of the events of the decision-making process from the selection of individual variables that characterize the state of this process, which makes it possible to form an explanation based on the use of known concepts and concepts in the subject area.
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Ganokratanaa, Thittaporn, i Mahasak Ketcham. "A transportation scheduling management system using decision tree and iterated local search techniques". International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, nr 3 (1.06.2023): 2899. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i3.pp2899-2907.
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This paper aimed to develop a delivery truck scheduling management system using a decision tree to support decision-making in selecting a delivery truck. First-in-first-out (FIFO) and decision tree techniques were applied to prioritize loading doors for delivery trucks with the use of iterated local search (ILS) in recommending the route for the transport of goods. Besides, an arrangement of loading doors can be assigned to the door that meets the specified conditions. The experimental results showed that the system was able to assign the job to a delivery truck under the specified conditions that were close to the actual operation at a similarity of 0.80. In addition, the application of ILS suggested the route of the food delivery truck in planning the most effective transportation route with the best total distance.
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Witter, Sophie, Maria van der Merwe, Rhian Twine, Denny Mabetha, Jennifer Hove, Stephen M. Tollman i Lucia D’Ambruoso. "Opening decision spaces: A case study on the opportunities and constraints in the public health sector of Mpumalanga Province, South Africa". PLOS ONE 19, nr 7 (5.07.2024): e0304775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0304775.
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Background Decentralised and evidence-informed health systems rely on managers and practitioners at all levels having sufficient ‘decision space’ to make timely locally informed and relevant decisions. Our objectives were to understand decision spaces in terms of constraints and enablers and outline opportunities through which to expand them in an understudied rural context in South Africa. Methods This study examined decision spaces within Mpumalanga Province, using data and insights generated through a participatory action research process with local communities and health system stakeholders since 2015, which was combined with published documents and research team participant observation to produce findings on three core domains at three levels of the health system. Results Although capacity for decision making exists in the system, accessing it is frequently made difficult due to a number of intervening factors. While lines of authority are generally well-defined, personal networks take on an important dimension in how stakeholders can act. This is expressed through a range of informal coping strategies built on local relationships. There are constraints in terms of limited formal external accountability to communities, and internal accountability which is weak in places for individuals and focused more on meeting performance targets set at higher levels and less on enabling effective local leadership. More generally, political and personal factors are clearly identified at higher levels of the system, whereas at sub-district and facility levels, the dominant theme was constrained capacity. Conclusions By examining the balance of authority, accountability and capacity across multiple levels of the provincial health system, we are able to identify emergent decision space and areas for enlargement. Creating spaces to support more constructive relationships and dialogue across system levels emerges as important, as well as reinforcing horizontal networks to problem solve, and developing the capacity of link-agents such as community health workers to increase community accountability.
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Barber, Sian. "‘Lewd, pornographic filth’: Managing Culture through Local Film Censorship in Britain, 1948–1968". Journal of British Cinema and Television 21, nr 1 (styczeń 2024): 53–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jbctv.2024.0699.
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Film censorship in the UK is predicated on a two-tier system whereby the British Board of Film Classification (formerly British Board of Film Censorship Censorship) (BBFC) recommends a classification for a film and this classification is then implemented by local authorities. In cases where local authorities disagree with a BBFC decision they can change the classification or ban the film entirely. Conversely, they can also screen a film which has no BBFC certificate. This local decision-making is permitted under the powers granted to local authorities to oversee cinema exhibition and licensing. Using The Snake Pit, Rock around the Clock and Ulysses, and offering a broad historical and geographic sweep, this article explores local council archives and local press reporting to map local censorship across the UK, drawing attention to inconsistencies in different areas and how councils justified the decisions they took on specific films.
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Fotopoulou, Maria, Dimitrios Rakopoulos i Stefanos Petridis. "Decision Support System for Emergencies in Microgrids". Sensors 22, nr 23 (3.12.2022): 9457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239457.
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The usual operation of a microgrid (MG) may often be challenged by emergencies related to extreme weather conditions and technical issues. As a result, the operator often needs to adapt the MG’s management by either: (i) excluding disconnected components, (ii) switching to islanded mode or (iii) performing a black start, which is required in case of a blackout, followed by either direct reconnection to the main grid or islanded operation. The purpose of this paper is to present an optimal Decision Support System (DSS) that assists the MG’s operator in all the main possible sorts of emergencies, thus providing an inclusive solution. The objective of the optimizer, developed in Pyomo, is to maximize the autonomy of the MG, prioritizing its renewable production. Therefore, the DSS is in line with the purpose of the ongoing energy transition. Furthermore, it is capable of taking into account multiple sorts of Distributed Energy Resources (DER), including Renewable Energy Sources (RES), Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)—which can only be charged with renewable energy—and local, fuel-based generators. The proposed DSS is applied in a number of emergencies considering grid-forming and grid-following mode, in order to highlight its effectiveness and is verified with the use of PowerFactory, DIgSILENT.
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Woodruff, DR. "'WHEATMAN' a decision support system for wheat management in subtropical Australia". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 43, nr 7 (1992): 1483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9921483.
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This paper presents the basic relationships used in compiling a decision support system for wheat growers in the subtropical, prime-hard regions of Australia. The major factors addressed by this decision aid are climate variability, soil type and water status; N and P soil status and fertilizer addition; variety phenology, planting time and frost risk; weed infestation. The major decisions involved include fertilizer choice and quantity, choice of the variety development pattern to use for a given planting opportunity, and wild oat control measures. It demonstrates how the output from relatively complex, dynamic wheat models can be used at the farm level by introducing a number of factors (nitrogen status, frost risk, soil water status at planting, grain yield and protein records) measurable and specific to a given farm and/or paddock. The importance of such local measurements, and the consequent tailoring of the output to the user's conditions, on the user's confidence in, and ownership of, the final decision is demonstrated.
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Capler, Jennifer. "Incorporating Systems Thinking into Local Governments in the United States of America". Scholar Chatter 2, nr 2 (15.06.2021): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47036/sc.2.2.22-29.2021.
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This is an opinion-based review of other research work on systems thinking paradigms and the possible application to local governments within the United States of America. Systems thinking is a complex interaction of people to generate thoughts, concepts, and ideas for situations involving organizational processes and changes. Using systems thinking can encourage collaboration, participative leadership, and interpersonal relations, increasing organizational effectiveness. Local government organizations may benefit greatly from creating and using systems thinking, incorporating constituent input before making decisions. Taking current organizational theory and design and recognizing a knowledge gap, this specific opinion-based review of using systems thinking emphasizes the importance of maintaining leadership and effective communication, advantages and disadvantages of system thinking paradigms, and ethical considerations. As communities grow and diversity expands, local government organizations should also grow and expand with the changing demands of constituents and economic needs. My theory is that with the incorporation of systems thinking, local government representatives can increase the overall effectiveness of council meetings and decision-making. Keywords: Systems Thinking; Local Government Organizations; Effective Communication; Effective Decision-Making; Participative Leadership
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Coghlan, Ian, Dan Howe, James Carley, Matt Blacka i Jodie Crawford. "FAIRY BOWER OVERTOPPING MONITORING AND DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM". Coastal Engineering Proceedings, nr 37 (1.09.2023): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v37.management.72.
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A monitoring and decision support system has been developed to manage dangerous overtopping of the Marine Parade promenade seawall at Fairy Bower, Manly, Sydney Australia. The seawall fronts 750 m of highly used promenade at the southern end of Manly Beach, and experiences overtopping events that are hazardous to pedestrians and potentially damaging to infrastructure, several times per year. The infrequent nature of the events results in members of the public being caught off-guard and unaware of the extent of the hazard. The local council has commenced a program of either deploying signs, staff for raising awareness, or completely closing access to the promenade during overtopping events. A decision support system for forecasting hazardous overtopping events, and a monitoring system for verifying the forecasts and observing conditions, allows the council to better manage the hazard.
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Vranić, Petar, Srđan Glišović i Lazar Velimirović. "Decision Support for Integrated Management of Local-Level Adaptation to Climate Changes: The Case of Serbia". International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 12, nr 4 (28.05.2021): 479–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13753-021-00357-3.
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AbstractProjected climate changes will additionally increase the already significant risk of natural hazard-related disasters in Serbia and the west Balkan region as a whole. Serbia is about to introduce the strategy for climate change adaptation and mitigation. However, a national decision-support system for implementation of the climate change law and strategy is yet to be developed. This study contributes to the implementation of adaptation policies at subnational levels by development of a decision-support model for local-level management of the climate change adaptation process. The study explores the potential for synergetic application of multicriteria decision making analysis and probabilistic reasoning methods by focusing on Bayesian networks, analytical hierarchy processes, and geographic information systems for selection of priority adaptation measures. The study was based on the formation of causal chains, which enable linking management decisions and socioeconomic or biophysical consequences into articulated sequences of conditional relationships. A model was tested in the forestry sector, and it clearly pointed out development of an early warning system and planning of water intake basins as priority adaptation measures. Since the results are shown as a probability distribution for each alternative solutions, the model can assist decision makers with prompt evaluation of various scenarios.
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Hoang, Van Dung, My Ha Le, Hyun-Deok Kang i Kang-Hyun Jo. "Local descriptors based random forests for human detection". Science and Technology Development Journal 18, nr 3 (30.08.2015): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v18i3.902.
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This paper presents a framework based on Random forest using local feature descriptors to detect human in dynamic camera. The contribution presents two issues for dealing with the problem of human detection in variety of background. First, it presents the local feature descriptors based on multi scales based Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG) for improving the accuracy of the system. By using local feature descriptors based multiple scales HOG, an extensive feature space allows obtaining high-discriminated features. Second, machine detection system using cascade of Random Forest (RF) based approach is used for training and prediction. In this case, the decision forest based on the optimization of the set of parameters for binary decision based on the linear support vector machine (SVM) technique. Finally, the detection system based on cascade classification is presented to speed up the computational cost.
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Zuraidah, Eva. "Decision Support System For Selecting Bali Tourist Attractions Using The PROMETHEE Method". SinkrOn 3, nr 2 (5.03.2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33395/sinkron.v3i2.237.
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Tourism is currently very potential to be developed as a source of local income by providing information both online and offline to the community so that regional income increases. Bali is one of the tourist destinations in Indonesia which is visited by many local and foreign tourists. The island of Bali has many interesting sights consisting of natural attractions, royal festivals, culinary tours, traditional markets, and museums. There are many criteria that must be considered, so through this recommendation system, tourists can find out what places are in Bali they will visit. One of the problems of decision making with many criteria and attributes in the selection of attractions is to provide detailed decisions that refer to the scale of weight possessed. Decision support systems provide priority results of attractions that are suitable for every traveler. Traveling is very important because with tourism we can eliminate fatigue due to activity during the day. The selection of the right tourist attraction also affects this, so it is necessary to choose the right tourist attraction. This study focused on the application of multi-attribute decision making (MADM) to decision support systems (SPK) using preferred organizational methods for enrichment and evaluation (Promeethe). When a traveler fills out a questionnaire, he must be consistent with the answers to get the best results based on his willingness and characteristics. This research uses descriptive analysis method that presents a summary of the results of surveys and interviews of tourists who want to choose Bali tourist attractions according to costs, security, natural beauty, facilities, and infrastructure and location.
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Menger, Mariza. "Explaining Local Self-Government Reorganisation in Croatia". Hrvatska i komparativna javna uprava 19, nr 1 (28.03.2019): 105–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31297/hkju.19.1.5.
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This article deals with changes to the system of local and regional self-government in Croatia between 2003 and 2017. For the most part, reform efforts, excluding some positive developments with regard to the promotion of the democratic principles of governance, have not been successful. The article addresses the question of how to theoretically account for these changes. The aim is to offer an understanding of reform failure by focussing on the preceding processes. The article begins by establishing that reform efforts in the existing literature on Croatian local- and middle-level government reorganisation have predominantly been explained either by means of the rational-instrumental perspective or the power and conflict perspective. The former argues that reorganisation outcomes are a product of rational decision-makers, who in the early 1990s and afterwards sought to, for one reason or another, establish centralistic administration of public affairs. The latter, on the other hand, proposes that the current local- and middle-level government structure is a direct reflection of the power structure of the current constellation of political actors. The article goes on to suggest that, at least in part, changes made to the system can be attributed to the garbage can model of decision-making. This is due to the fact that participation in the decision-making arena throughout this period was fluid, the decision-makers’ attention scarce and their goals ambiguous, and the definitions of the problems unclear.
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RASHIDI, ALI J., i M. HASSAN GHASSEMIAN. "A NEW APPROACH FOR MULTI-SYSTEM/SENSOR DECISION FUSION BASED ON JOINT MEASURES". International Journal of Information Acquisition 01, nr 02 (czerwiec 2004): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219878904000148.
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This article describes the joint measures method as a new powerful method for the development of a high performance multi-sensor data/image fusion scheme at the decision level. The images are received from distributed multiple sensors, which sense the targets in different spectral bands including visible, infrared, thermal and microwave. At first, we study the decision fusion methods, including voting schemes, rank based algorithm, Bayesian inference, and the Dempster-Shafer method. Then, we extract the mathematical properties of multi-sensor local classification results and use them for modeling of the classifier performances by the two new measures, i.e. the plausibility and correctness. Then we establish the plausibility and correctness distribution vectors and matrices for introducing the two improvements of the Dempster-Shafer method, i.e. the DS (CM) and DS (PM) methods. After that we introduce the joint measures decision fusion method based on using these two measures jointly. The Joint Measures Method (JMM) can deal with any decision fusion problem in the case of uncertain local classifiers results as well as clear local classifiers results. Finally, we deploy the new and previous methods for the fusion of the two different sets of multispectral image classification local results and we also compare their reliabilities, the commission errors and the omission errors. The results obviously show that the DS (PM), DS (CM) and JMM methods which use the special properties of the local classifiers and classes, have much better accuracies and reliabilities than other methods. In addition, we show that the reliability of the JMM is at least 3% higher than all other methods.
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Hameed Mousa, Ayad, Nibras Talib Mohammed i Heba Adnan Raheem. "Design and Implementation a Typical University Business Intelligence System Using Data Warehouse Technique (UBIS)". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, nr 4.19 (27.11.2018): 870–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.19.28060.
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In organizations management, a Business Intelligence systems (BI) provides a flexible and computerized approach to help and support their top management (decision makers) to make better decisions. The education institutes tend to develop a Business Intelligence (BI) system to manage, integrate and control the academic information systems in terms of both data.However, until today, information does not integrate and presented in an appropriate manner for the university-decision-maker in helping them to make better decisions. The main issue is how to extract and process a massive amount of the information to speed up the intended data analysis and processing in supporting the university decision-making process. To manage and facilitate the data management process, in this paper, a university business intelligence system based on data warehouse model was designedand implemented into a case study from local education institute are carried out to explore the influences mentioned above. Finally, to find out the applicability of the proposed model the usability tested was conducted. The findings showed the applicability of the proposed system in practice. Â
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Souza, Júlia Daniele Silva de, José Almir Cirilo, Saulo de Tarso Marques Bezerra, Gabriel Araújo de Oliveira, Guilherme Duarte Freire, Artur Paiva Coutinho i Jaime Joaquim da Silva Pereira Cabral. "Decision Support System for the Integrated Management of Multiple Supply Systems in the Brazilian Semiarid Region". Water 15, nr 2 (4.01.2023): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15020223.
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To alleviate the impacts of water shortages and ensure the effective allocation of water resources, the integration of multiple sources has been a viable but challenging alternative for water resource managers. A robust decision support system (DSS) reduces the complexity of decision making and allows the user to define operational strategies that reduce costs and address system limitations. Through the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) collective intelligence algorithm and the operational zoning of reservoirs, it was possible to identify the monthly flow allocation for the Agreste of Pernambuco in Brazil. The analysis of unit costs allowed us to conclude that high local energy tariffs guide the DSS in the exploration of water-transfer works between basins, such as the Agreste pipeline, which had full use of approximately 2 m3/s in the analyzed scenarios. The study also sought to investigate the influence of rainy and dry periods, with the higher flows into local reservoirs in rainy periods leading the system to operate at a cost 2.6% higher compared to the dry period. The use of DSS was able to provide support and parameters that facilitate decision making, ensuring that the system operates efficiently and sustainably.
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Liang, Jun, Irene Dankwa-Mullan, Yan-ping Ren, Alan Chen, Van Willis, Gretchen Jackson, Nathan Levitan, Kyu Rhee i Tian-le Li. "Employing an oncology decision-support system to quantify treatment variation." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, nr 15_suppl (20.05.2019): e18067-e18067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e18067.
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e18067 Background: Factors affecting cancer treatment may include evidence for effectiveness, cost, and preference. These influences can lead to treatment variation across institutions and populations. Decision-support systems have been proposed as tools to reduce variation. This study quantified concordance between treatment provided by oncologists in China and therapeutic options presented by a decision-support tool. Methods: We identified and analyzed concordance studies in nine unique institutions located in seven provinces in China, published in 2017-2018 using Watson for Oncology (WFO), a clinical decision-support tool. Published rates of concordance were compared by cancer type and institution. Results: Concordance of all combined cases was 59% (2012/3388). Concordance rates varied by cancer type and institution (Table). Concordance rates were highest for ovarian (96%), rectal (94%) and breast (89%) cancers but lowest in gastric (12%), ovarian (43%) and breast (55%) cancers. Conclusions: Concordance between treatments and therapeutic options from an oncology decision-support tool varied significantly across cancer types and institutions in China, suggesting significant practice variation. Without established guidelines for treatment, clinical decisions may be influenced by preferences and local factors. Future studies are needed to identify reasons for variation and improve adherence to regional evidence-based guidelines. [Table: see text]
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Hu, Juan, Zhenhua Guo, Zhenyin Fan i Youbin Chen. "Offline Signature Verification Using Local Features and Decision Trees". International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 31, nr 03 (luty 2017): 1753001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001417530019.
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The most difficult problem of offline signature verification (SV) is that a signature is merely a static image missing a lot of the dynamic information associated with it. In this paper, three separate pseudo-dynamic features based on the gray level: gradient based local binary pattern (GLBP), statistical features of gray level co-occurrence matrix (SGLCM), simplified histogram of oriented gradients (SHOG) are proposed for writer-independent offline SV. These gray-level features can convey both texture information and the relative structural relationship of signature strokes. In addition, our experiments prove that the proposed features contain complementary information. Using random forests (RFs) as classifier, a fusion of the proposed features could achieve 7.42% and 0.08% average error rate (AER) for GPDS-253 and CEDAR datasets, respectively, which show the effectiveness of the proposed system. The implication of this paper is that part dynamic information could be extracted from a static gray level image.
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Randall, Marcus, Andrew Lewis, Ben Stewart-Koster, Nguyen Dieu Anh, Michelle Burford, Jason Condon, Nguyen Van Qui i in. "A Bayesian belief data mining approach applied to rice and shrimp aquaculture". PLOS ONE 17, nr 2 (9.02.2022): e0262402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262402.
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In many parts of the world, conditions for small scale agriculture are worsening, creating challenges in achieving consistent yields. The use of automated decision support tools, such as Bayesian Belief Networks (BBNs), can assist producers to respond to these factors. This paper describes a decision support system developed to assist farmers on the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, who grow both rice and shrimp crops in the same pond, based on an existing BBN. The BBN was previously developed in collaboration with local farmers and extension officers to represent their collective perceptions and understanding of their farming system and the risks to production that they face. This BBN can be used to provide insight into the probable consequences of farming decisions, given prevailing environmental conditions, however, it does not provide direct guidance on the optimal decision given those decisions. In this paper, the BBN is analysed using a novel, temporally-inspired data mining approach to systematically determine the agricultural decisions that farmers perceive as optimal at distinct periods in the growing and harvesting cycle, given the prevailing agricultural conditions. Using a novel form of data mining that combines with visual analytics, the results of this analysis allow the farmer to input the environmental conditions in a given growing period. They then receive recommendations that represent the collective view of the expert knowledge encoded in the BBN allowing them to maximise the probability of successful crops. Encoding the results of the data mining/inspection approach into the mobile Decision Support System helps farmers access explicit recommendations from the collective local farming community as to the optimal farming decisions, given the prevailing environmental conditions.
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Guragain, Govinda Prasad. "Community Engagement in Local Governance". Kutumbha vani 5, nr 1 (22.10.2024): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kv.v5i1.70888.
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Community engagement in local governance is crucial for effective and inclusive decision-making. Lack of Awareness and Information has been found that limited knowledge can have its community members may not fully understand the governance processes or their rights and responsibilities. Information gaps have been found that the insufficient information about local issues and decision-making processes can hinder meaningful participation. Low Participation Rates have been found that apathy and disinterest is that some community members may be disengaged due to a lack of trust in the system or a perception that their participation will not make a difference. Barriers to access has been found that the physical, economic, or social barriers may prevent certain groups from participating, such as the elderly, disabled, or economically disadvantaged. During the initial phase (2008-2013) of the Local Governance and Community Development Program (LGCDP) in Nepal, social mobilization emerged as one of its most effective components. Approximately 1 million citizens actively influenced local government decisions, leading many local bodies to develop annual plans that more accurately addressed the needs of citizens, particularly marginalized and disadvantaged groups. However, there remain several lessons to be learned in addressing the challenges of implementation. It is crucial to harmonize local social mobilization efforts and enhance the quality and support of social mobilization initiatives across Nepal. Addressing the challenges of community engagement in local governance involves a multifaceted approach that includes enhancing communication, building capacity, fostering inclusivity, and ensuring accountability. Public education campaigns have been found to Conduct outreach programs to educate community members about their rights, governance processes, and how they can participate. Workshops and training have been identified to offer workshops and training sessions to increase understanding of local governance and decision-making procedures. Diverse engagement channels have to utilize multiple platforms for engagement, including town hall meetings, online forums, surveys, and community events, to reach a broader audience. Inclusive scheduling has to schedule meetings and events at times that are convenient for different community groups, including evenings and weekends.
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Bessey, Donata, i Uschi Backes-Gellner. "Staying Within or Leaving the Apprenticeship System? Revisions of Educational Choices in Apprenticeship Training". Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik 235, nr 6 (1.12.2015): 539–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbnst-2015-0603.
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Summary The decision to revise an educational choice has hardly been analyzed in previous research. Dropping out is only one possible choice, and we distinguish between dropping out (leaving the apprenticeship system) and changing or upgrading (staying within the apprenticeship system) as three possibilities to revise an educational decision, using a dataset that consists of apprentices who have dissolved their apprenticeship contract. We analyze the determinants of leaving apprenticeship training using competing risks models. Dropout decisions seem to be driven by financial considerations such as financial distress, but local labor market conditions seem to have no effect on them. Our findings underline the importance of distinguishing between the different choices instead of focusing exclusively on dropping out.