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HOOKER, Jerry J., Susan E. EVANS i Paul G. DAVIS. "Vertebrate remains from the Insect Limestone (latest Eocene), Isle of Wight, UK". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 110, nr 3-4 (23.01.2019): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691018000488.
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ABSTRACTA small fauna of vertebrates is recorded from the Insect Limestone, Bembridge Marls Member, Bouldnor Formation, late Priabonian, latest Eocene, of the Isle of Wight, UK. The taxa represented are unidentified teleost fishes, lizards including a scincoid, unidentified birds and the theridomyid rodent Isoptychus. The scincoid represents the youngest record of the group in the UK. Of particular note is the taphonomic interpretation based on the preservation of anatomical parts of land-based tetrapods that would have been most likely transported to the site of deposition by wind, namely bird feathers and pieces of shed lizard skin. These comprise the majority of the specimens and suggest that the dominant transport mechanism was wind.
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HUNTER, JANET A., i THOMAS H. CRIBB. "A cryptic complex of species related to Transversotrema licinum Manter, 1970 from fishes of the Indo-West Pacific, including descriptions of ten new species of Transversotrema Witenberg, 1944 (Digenea: Transversotrematidae)". Zootaxa 3176, nr 1 (27.01.2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3176.1.1.
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Transversotrema licinum Manter, 1970 was described from two species of fishes from Moreton Bay, Queensland, and sub-sequently reported from 13 further species from six families in the Indo–West Pacific region. This study records specimensmorphologically similar to T. licinum from 48 fish species from 11 families. A combined analysis of the second internaltranscribed spacer region (ITS2) of ribosomal DNA and morphological data revealed a complex of at least 15 species andfrom these data ten new species of Transversotrema Witenberg, 1944 are described here. T. licinum sensu stricto is char-acterised in terms of morphology, distinct genotype, wide host distribution (Kyphosidae, Lutjanidae, Monodactylidae,Mugilidae, Pomacentridae and Sparidae) and, at present, is known only in Moreton Bay. The following new species areproposed: T. atkinsoni n. sp. from nemipterids from Heron Island (southern GBR) and Ningaloo Reef (Western Australia);T. borboleta n. sp. from chaetodontids and lutjanines (Lutjanidae) from Lizard Island and Heron Island; T. cardinalis n.sp. from lutjanines and a haemulid from Lizard Island; T. carmenae n. sp. from nemipterids from Lizard Island; T. dam-sella n. sp. from pomacentrids, a labrid and a mugilid from Lizard Island; T. espanola n. sp. from lutjanines from Heronand Lizard Islands; T. fusilieri n. sp. from caesionines (Lutjanidae) from Lizard Island; T. manteri n. sp. from caesioninesfrom Lizard Island and Ningaloo Reef; T. nova n. sp. from a nemipterid from New Caledonia; and T. witenbergi n. sp.from caesionines from Heron Island. Transversotrema borboleta n. sp. is itself probably a complex of at least three closelyrelated species but these are not yet sufficiently well delineated to allow separate descriptions. Four putative species re-ferred to as Species A–D recognised from molecular analysis have not been described because of insufficient data. Mostspecies are evidently strongly restricted to families or subfamilies of fishes. Only T. licinum appears to be genuinely eu-ryxenic. Transversotrema borboleta infects chaetodontids and lutjanids but the nature of the distribution may be an indi-cation that it represents a species complex. Most of the species appear to have restricted ranges, being absent from susceptible host species at some localities.
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Steinke, Dirk, Jeremy deWaard, Martin Gomon, Jeffrey Johnson, Helen Larson, Oliver Lucanus, Glenn Moore, Sally Reader i Robert Ward. "DNA barcoding the fishes of Lizard Island (Great Barrier Reef)". Biodiversity Data Journal 5 (13.04.2017): e12409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/bdj.5.e12409.
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Leis, JM, i B. Goldman. "Composition and distribution of larval fish assemblages in the Great Barrier Reef lagoon, near Lizard Island, Australia". Marine and Freshwater Research 38, nr 2 (1987): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9870211.
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Larval fishes of 96 families were represented in plankton samples taken in four seasons in 1979-80 and three seasons in 1981-82 from 11 sites in the Lizard Island region of the Great Barrier Reef lagoon. Relatively few families dominated the catch: Apogonidae, Gobiidae and Pomacentridae constituted 53-76% of all larvae, depending on site. Several taxa including Labridae, Scaridae, Scorpaenidae, Serranidae and Synodontidae that were rare in previous larval fish studies were relatively abundant in open waters of the Great Barrier Reef lagoon. Lagoonal and downwind sites in shallow water around Lizard Island had low proportions of old larvae, but the windward site had relatively high values for several families. Sites in the deeper, more open waters of the Great Barrier Reef lagoon generally had higher proportions of old larvae of most taxa in 1981-82 than did the Lizard Island sites in 1979-80. Although there were seasonal differences in larval fish assemblages, within any season there were only two or three assemblages in the study area. An assemblage dominated by pomacentrids, mullids, tripterygiids, apogonids and blenniids occupied a relatively small area of shallow water near Lizard Island reefs: in Lizard Lagoon, always on the windward side, and often on the downwind side. Another assemblage dominated by apogonids, gobiids, pomacentrids, labrids and engraulids occupied a very large area between Lizard Island and the outer barrier reefs, and occasionally on the downwind side of Lizard Island. Occasionally, a third distinct assemblage, dominated by scorpaenids, gobiids, callionymids, apogonids and engraulids, occurred on the downwind side of Lizard Island. Variability in assemblages at the downwind site was probably due to currents less favourable for retention of larvae than those at the other Lizard Island sites.
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Kordikova, E. G., P. D. Polly, V. A. Alifanov, Z. Roček, G. F. Gunnell i A. O. Averianov. "Small vertebrates from the late Cretaceous and early Tertiary of the northeastern Aral Sea region, Kazakhstan". Journal of Paleontology 75, nr 2 (marzec 2001): 390–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000018187.
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Field work conducted in the northeastern Aral Sea Region, southwestern Kazakhstan has produced a large number of vertebrates from late Cretaceous and early Tertiary sediments. Included among these vertebrates are sharks, bony fishes, amphibians, turtles, lizards, crocodiles, and dinosaurs. This fauna comes from three formations, the Turonian-Coniacian Zhirkindek, the Santonian-Campanian Bostobe, and the early Tertiary Akzhar formations. In this paper we describe the microvertebrate fauna. The Akzhar fauna consists only of marine sharks, one hexanchiform species (Notidanodoncf.loozi) and four lamniform species (Carcharias teretidens, Striatolamia striata, Otodus obliquusvar.minor, andPalaeocarcharodon orientalis). These suggest a Paleocene age, most likely Selandian or earliest Thanetian. In addition to previously described components, the Bostobe fauna now includes a discoglossid frog and the lizardSlavoiacf.darevskii.This is the first Mesozoic record of each in Kazakhstan and the latest record anywhere of the latter. The Zhirkindek fauna is now known to include a varanid lizard.
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HALL, KATHRYN A., i THOMAS H. CRIBB. "Revision of Affecauda Hall & Chambers, 1999 (Digenea: Gyliauchenidae Fukui, 1929), including the description of two new species from fishes of the Indo-West Pacific". Zootaxa 778, nr 1 (17.12.2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.778.1.1.
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We describe 2 new species of Affecauda from the intestine of acanthuroid fishes of the Indo-West Pacific. Affecauda rugosa n. sp. is described from 1 mature specimen in excellent condition and 1 immature fractured specimen from the intestine of the sailfin tang, Zebrasoma veliferum (Acanthuridae), from Noumea, New Caledonia. Affecauda salacia n. sp. is described from the intestine of the ocellated spinefoot, Siganus corallinus (Siganidae), from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia. Each of these species is made distinct from the type-species, Affecauda annulata Hall & Chambers, 1999, by combinations of the extent of tegumental annulations, conformation of the oesophagus and position of the ovary. The description of 2 new species of Affecauda necessitates a revision of the generic diagnosis, which is here amended to incorporate the additional species. A key to species is provided. The description of further species of Affecauda from waters external to the Great Barrier Reef and from siganid fishes expands the biogeographical range for species of Affecauda, from species of Naso on the Great Barrier Reef, to acanthuroid fishes of the western Pacific.
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Jabbar, Abdul, Abdouslam Asnoussi, Luke J. Norbury, Albert Eisenbarth, Shokoofeh Shamsi, Robin B. Gasser, Andreas L. Lopata i Ian Beveridge. "Larval anisakid nematodes in teleost fishes from Lizard Island, northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia". Marine and Freshwater Research 63, nr 12 (2012): 1283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf12211.
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A survey was undertaken to characterise larval anisakid nematodes present in teleosts at Lizard Island on the northern Great Barrier Reef. In total, 464 fish were examined from 32 families, 62 genera and 107 species. Anisakid nematodes were found in 46 (9.9%) of the fish examined. Infections in Atherinidae, Lethrinidae, Lutjanidae and Serranidae were moderately prevalent, with the intensities of infection ranging from 1 to 80; whereas in the Sphyraenidae and Scombridae, the prevalence of infection was very high, with intensities ranging from 1 to >375 anisakids. A combined morphological and molecular-phylogenetic approach was employed to identify larval anisakid nematodes to species and/or genotypes. The nematodes examined were identified as Anisakis typica (three genotypes based on molecular characterisation), Terranova Types I (five genotypes) and II (five genotypes) and Hysterothylacium Types IV, V (four genotypes), VI and X. The findings of the present study provide some insights into the distribution of larval anisakid nematodes in coral-reef fishes and a basis for future investigations of anisakid populations in marine fishes.
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BRAY, RODNEY A., THOMAS H. CRIBB i JEAN-LOU JUSTINE. "Multitestis Manter 1931 (Digenea: Lepocreadiidae) in ephippid and chaetodontid fishes (Perciformes) in the south-western Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean off Western Australia". Zootaxa 2427, nr 1 (15.04.2010): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2427.1.4.
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Five species of the genus Multitestis are described, figured or discussed: Multitestis pyriformis from Platax orbicularis off Lizard Island, northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia and Platax teira off New Caledonia; Multitestis coradioni n. sp. (syn. Multitestis pyriformis Machida, 1963 of Bray et al. (1994)) from Coradion chrysozonus off Heron Island, which differs from M. pyriformis in its oval body-shape, the more posteriorly situated testicular fields and larger eggs, Multitestis elongatus from Platax pinnatus off Lizard Island, Multitestis magnacetabulum from P. teira off Heron Island, southern Great Barrier Reef, Australia, and New Caledonia, Multitestis paramagnacetabulum n. sp. from P. orbicularis off Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia, which differs from M. magnacetabulum in the more posteriorly situated testicular fields.
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Sulak, Kenneth J., Charles A. Wenner, George R. Sedberry i Louis Van Guelpen. "The life history and systematics of deep-sea lizard fishes, genus Bathysaurus (Synodontidae)". Canadian Journal of Zoology 63, nr 3 (1.03.1985): 623–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z85-091.
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Bathysaurus agassizii was found to be a junior synonym of Bathysaurus ferox. The two valid species of the genus Bathysaurus, B. ferox and B. mollis, are circumglobal except beneath polar waters. Bathysaurus ferox is known mostly from depths of 1000 to 2500 m and temperatures of 4 to 3 °C; B. mollis is known mostly from 2500 to 4500 m and from 3.0 to 2.0 °C. In the Middle Atlantic Bight, the numerical density of B. ferox from trawl samples was 0–8 fish/25 × 103 m2; biomass was 0–8000 g for the same unit area. No clear "bigger–deeper" trend was evident for either species. Both species have been shown to be synchronous hermaphrodites. Mature gonads in B. ferox have been found in samples off Virginia from November through January; the mean fecundity found was 32 000 ova. Both species are predominantly piscivorous. A large, lipid-rich liver, probably an energy store, constituted up to 20% of the total weight in B. ferox and up to 5% in B. mollis. New records of pelagic postlarvae of both species have been reported. Postlarval development is probably gradual and prolonged, prior to a rapid transformation to the benthic juvenile stage. Postlarval development may occur in midwater within a few hundred metres of the surface.
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SMALES, LESLEY R. "Acanthocephalans of Amphibians and Reptiles (Anura and Squamata) from Ecuador, with the description of Pandosentis napoensis n. sp (Neoechinorhynchidae) from Hyla fasciata". Zootaxa 1445, nr 1 (9.04.2007): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1445.1.4.
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In a survey of 3457 amphibians and reptiles, collected in the Napo area of the Oriente region of Ecuador, 27 animals were found to be infected with acanthocephalans. Of 2359 Anura, 17 animals were infected with cystacanth stages of Oligacanthorhynchus spp., one frog with cystacanths of Acanthocephalus and one, Hyla fasciata, with a neoechinorhynchid, Pandosentis napoensis n. sp. Of 1098 Squamata, two colubrid snakes were infected with cystacanths of Oligacanthoryrchus sp., two with cystacanths of Centrorhynchus spp. and one with unidentifiable cystacanths; one lizard, a gekkonid, was infected with cystacanths of Centrorhynchus sp. and one lizard, an iguanid, with an Oligacanthoryhnchus sp. The new species, P. napoensis can be differentiated from its congenor Pandosentis iracundus in having a proboscis formula of 14 rows of 3 hooks as compared with 22 rows of 4 hooks and the lemnisci longer than the proboscis receptacle rather than the same length or shorter. Pandosentis napoensis may represent a host capture from fresh water fishes. Cystacanths of Centrorhynchus and Oligacanthorhynchus have been previously reported from South American amphibians and reptiles. Surprisingly, no adult Acanthocephalus were collected in this survey, although five species are known to occur in South American amphibians and reptiles.
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Grutter, A. S. "Interactions between gnathiid isopods, cleaner fish and other fishes on Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef". Journal of Fish Biology 73, nr 9 (grudzień 2008): 2094–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.02073.x.
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MUÑOZ, G., A. S. GRUTTER i T. H. CRIBB. "Endoparasite communities of five fish species (Labridae: Cheilininae) from Lizard Island: how important is the ecology and phylogeny of the hosts?" Parasitology 132, nr 3 (7.12.2005): 363–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182005009133.
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The parasite community of animals is generally influenced by host physiology, ecology, and phylogeny. Therefore, sympatric and phylogenetically related hosts with similar ecologies should have similar parasite communities. To test this hypothesis we surveyed the endoparasites of 5 closely related cheilinine fishes (Labridae) from the Great Barrier Reef. They were Cheilinus chlorourus, C. trilobatus, C. fasciatus, Epibulus insidiator and Oxycheilinus diagramma. We examined the relationship between parasitological variables (richness, abundance and diversity) and host characteristics (body weight, diet and phylogeny). The 5 fishes had 31 parasite species with 9–18 parasite species per fish species. Cestode larvae (mostly Tetraphyllidea) were the most abundant and prevalent parasites followed by nematodes and digeneans. Parasites, body size and diet of hosts differed between fish species. In general, body weight, diet and host phylogeny each explained some of the variation in richness and composition of parasites among the fishes. The 2 most closely related species, Cheilinus chlorourus and C. trilobatus, had broadly similar parasites but the other fish species differed significantly in all variables. However, there was no all-encompassing pattern. This may be because different lineages of parasites may react differently to ecological variables. We also argue that adult parasites may respond principally to host diet. In contrast, larval parasite composition may respond both to host diet and predator-prey interactions because this is the path by which many parasites complete their life-cycles. Finally, variation in parasite phylogeny and parasite life-cycles among hosts likely increase the complexity of the system making it difficult to find all-encompassing patterns between host characteristics and parasites, particularly when all the species in rich parasite communities are considered.
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Triki, Zegni, i Redouan Bshary. "Fluctuations in coral reef fish densities after environmental disturbances on the northern Great Barrier Reef". PeerJ 7 (8.04.2019): e6720. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6720.
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Global warming is predicted to increase the frequency and or severity of many disturbances including cyclones, storms, and prolonged heatwaves. The coral reef at Lizard Island, part of the Great Barrier Reef, has been recently exposed to a sequence of severe tropical cyclones (i.e., Ita in 2014 and Nathan in 2015) and a coral bleaching in the year 2016. Reef fishes are an essential part of the coral reef ecosystem, and their abundance is thus a good marker to estimate the magnitude of such disturbances. Here, we examined whether the recent disturbances at Lizard Island had an impact on the coral reef fish communities. To do this, we examined fish survey data collected before and after the disturbances for potential changes in total fish density post-disturbance. Also, by sorting fish species into 11 functional groups based on their trophic level (i.e., diet), we further explored the density changes within each functional group. Our findings showed an overall decline of 68% in fish density post-disturbance, with a significant density decrease in nine of 11 trophic groups. These nine groups were: browsers, corallivores, detritivores, excavator/scrapers, grazers, macro-invertivores, pisci-invertivores, planktivores, and spongivores. The piscivores, on the other hand, were the only “winners,” wherein their density showed an increase post-disturbance. These changes within functional groups might have a further impact on the trophodynamics of the food web. In summary, our findings provide evidence that the fish assemblage on the reefs around Lizard Island was considerably affected by extreme weather events, leading to changes in the functional composition of the reef fish assemblage.
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HUNTER, J. A., E. INGRAM, R. D. ADLARD, R. A. BRAY i T. H. CRIBB. "A cryptic complex of Transversotrema species (Digenea: Transversotrematidae) on labroid, haemulid and lethrinid fishes in the Indo–West Pacific Region, including the description of three new species". Zootaxa 2652, nr 1 (21.10.2010): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2652.1.2.
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Sequences of ITS2 rDNA of 36 individuals of 16 host/parasite/location combinations of transversotrematids from labrid, scarid, haemulid and lethrinid fishes from Heron and Lizard Islands on the Great Barrier Reef and Ningaloo Reef Western off Australia comprised four distinct genotypes. One genotype was associated with three species of Labridae at Heron Island, the second with eight species of Scaridae at Heron Island, the third with two species of Scaridae from Ningaloo, and the fourth with two species of Lethrinidae and one of Haemulidae from Lizard Island. All four forms are broadly morphologically similar to Transversotrema haasi Witenberg, 1944. The two genotypes from scarids differed at only a single base position and were morphologically indistinguishable; all other combinations of genotypes differed by at least 3 bases. Comparisons between specimens from labrids, scarids, and haemulids and lethrinids revealed consistent differences in the number of vitelline follicles enclosed by the cyclocoel and in the relative sizes of the testes. We conclude that these three forms should be considered distinct species. The species associated with labrids is broadly consistent with and has previously been identified as T. haasi which was originally reported from an unknown fish from the Red Sea. As no molecular comparison can be made between the original T. haasi and the three similar forms from Australia, we propose three new species: Transversotrema elegans n. sp. from labrids, T. gigantica n. sp. from scarids, and T. lacerta n. sp. from haemulids and lethrinids.
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HUSTON, DANIEL C., SCOTT C. CUTMORE i THOMAS H. CRIBB. "Enenterum kyphosi Yamaguti, 1970 and Enenterum petrae n. sp. (Digenea: Enenteridae) from kyphosid fishes (Centrarchiformes: Kyphosidae) collected in marine waters off eastern Australia". Zootaxa 5154, nr 3 (15.06.2022): 271–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5154.3.2.
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Species of the digenean genus Enenterum Linton, 1910 (Lepocreadioidea: Enenteridae) are characterised primarily by their elaborate oral suckers, which are divided into varying numbers of anteriorly directed lobes, and their host-restriction to herbivorous marine fishes of the family Kyphosidae. We describe Enenterum petrae n. sp. from the brassy chub Kyphosus vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard) collected off Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia. Enenterum petrae n. sp. is readily differentiated from congeners by its unique oral sucker morphology, in having a minute pharynx, and the combination of a genital cap and accessory sucker. We also provide the first record of Enenterum kyphosi Yamaguti, 1970 from Australia based on material obtained from the blue sea chub Kyphosus cinerascens (Forsskål) collected off Lizard Island and North Stradbroke Island, Queensland. Morphologically, our specimens of E. kyphosi agree closely with descriptions of this species from Hawaii and South Africa, and despite lack of molecular data from outside of Australian waters, we consider all three reports to represent a single, widespread species. The first ITS2 and COI mtDNA gene sequences for species of Enenterum are provided and molecular phylogenetic analyses of 28S rDNA gene sequences place these species in a strongly-supported clade with the type-species of the genus, Enenterum aureum Linton, 1910. The oral suckers of both E. kyphosi and E. petrae n. sp. can be interpreted as having varying numbers of lobes depending on the particular specimen and how the division between lobes is defined. Scanning electron microscopical images improves understanding of the morphology of the enenterid oral sucker, and permits speculation regarding the evolutionary history leading to its specialisation in this lineage.
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Leis, JM, HPA Sweatman i SE Reader. "What the Pelagic Stages of Coral Reef Fishes Are Doing out in Blue Water: Daytime Field Observations of Larval Behavioural Capabilities". Marine and Freshwater Research 47, nr 2 (1996): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9960401.
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Late pelagic stages of coral reef fishes captured with light-traps were individually released during daylight by SCUBA divers in open water, 20-35 m deep, in the Great Barrier Reef Lagoon at three sites > 1 km from the reefs of Lizard Island. Observations in situ on 111 individuals of 11 families, but primarily Apogonidae, Chaetodontidae and Pomacentridae, constitute the first data of their kind. Most fish showed no overt reaction to the divers. Some individuals of some taxa of three families settled quickly to the bottom. Acceptable observations on swimming were made on 66 larvae. Individuals selected a wide range of depths, but when grouped by family, mean depths chosen by individuals were: apogonids, 6.5 (� 1.5, 95% CI) m; pomacentrids, 7.7 (� 1.5) m; and chaetodontids, 9.3 (� 1.3) m. Rough estimates of speed of up to 30 cm s-1 varied among taxa. Swimming directions of 59 of the 66 larvae were non-random. Mean directions differed among sites and were offshore at all of them. Most larvae swam offshore regardless of the side of the island where they were released. The late pelagic stages of coral reef fishes are strong swimmers capable of active horizontal and vertical movement. They swim directionally, can apparently detect reefs >1 km away, and orientate relative to those reefs. A taxonomic component is evident in many of these behaviours.
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Cutmore, Scott C., i Thomas H. Cribb. "A new order of fishes as hosts of blood flukes (Aporocotylidae); description of a new genus and three new species infecting squirrelfishes (Holocentriformes, Holocentridae) on the Great Barrier Reef". Parasite 28 (2021): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2021072.
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A new genus and three new species of blood flukes (Aporocotylidae) are described from squirrelfishes (Holocentridae) from the Great Barrier Reef. Holocentricola rufus n. gen., n. sp. is described from Sargocentron rubrum (Forsskål), from off Heron Island, southern Great Barrier Reef, and Lizard Island, northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Holocentricola exilis n. sp. and Holocentricola coronatus n. sp. are described from off Lizard Island, H. exilis from Neoniphon sammara (Forsskål) and H. coronatus from Sargocentron diadema (Lacepède). Species of the new genus are distinct from those of all other aporocotylid genera in having a retort-shaped cirrus-sac with a distinct thickening at a marginal male genital pore. The new genus is further distinct in the combination of a lanceolate body, X-shaped caeca, posterior caeca that are longer than anterior caeca, a single, post-caecal testis that is not deeply lobed, a post-caecal, post-testis ovary that is not distinctly bi-lobed, and a post-ovarian uterus. The three new species can be morphologically delineated based on the size and row structure of the marginal spines, as well by total length, oesophagus and caecal lengths, and the position of the male genital pore, testes and ovary relative to the posterior extremity. The three species of Holocentricola are genetically distinct from each other based on cox1 mtDNA and ITS2 rDNA data, and in phylogenetic analyses of 28S rDNA form a well-supported clade sister to species of Neoparacardicola Yamaguti, 1970. This is the first report of aporocotylids from fishes of the family Holocentridae and the order Holocentriformes.
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Gunter, Nicole L., Mieke A. A. Burger i Robert D. Adlard. "Morphometric and molecular characterisation of four new Ceratomyxa species (Myxosporea: Bivalvulida: Ceratomyxidae) from fishes off Lizard Island, Australia". Folia Parasitologica 57, nr 1 (1.03.2010): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14411/fp.2010.001.
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Meyer, David L. "Evolutionary implications of predation on Recent comatulid crinoids from the Great Barrier Reef". Paleobiology 11, nr 2 (1985): 154–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300011477.
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Diving investigations of Recent comatulid crinoids at Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, indicate that, contrary to long-held notions, crinoids are subject to predation, principally by fishes of several families. Predation usually occurs as sublethal damage to the visceral mass and arms, from which the crinoids usually recover by regeneration. Aspects of the life habits, morphology, biochemistry, and physiology of comatulids are postulated to be adaptations that enable comatulid crinoids to resist predation. Comatulid versatility in coping with predation may account in large measure for their evolutionary success in the face of the late Mesozoic teleost radiation. Frequency of damage and repair in fossil crinoids can be used as a measure of predation pressure in order to assess the impact of predation during the Phanerozoic evolution of crinoids. Paleozoic stalked crinoids made a heavy investment in skeletal armor, while in contrast, comatulids reduced the calyx and became mobile. The relationship between these phyletic trends and predation pressure can now be critically examined.
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Koshelev, V. N., i N. V. Kolpakov. "Species composition and distribution of fishes and prawns in the Amur River channel". Izvestiya TINRO 200, nr 2 (5.07.2020): 292–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.26428/1606-9919-2020-200-292-307.
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istribution of fishes and prawns in the Amur River (40–960 km from the mouth) is described on results of the beam-trawl survey conducted in September-October, 2003 (57 trawl stations at the depth of 1.5–23.0 m). In total, 2584 ind. of 22 fish species and 1077 ind. of 1 invertebrate species (prawn Palaemon modestus) were caught. The highest species richness was registered for orders Cypriniformes (13 species) and Siluriformes (4 species). The fish and prawn stocks were evaluated as 32.161 . 106 ind. (583.8 t) for bottom and near-bottom fish and 4.887 . 106 ind. (8.8 t) for prawns. Two commercial fish species were the most abundant: catfishes Tachysurus brashnikowi (16.26 . 106 ind. or 32.9 % of total biomass) and T. sinensis (4.32 . 106 ind. or 24.0 % of total biomass); other 6 fish species with considerable biomass were lizard gudgeon Saurogobio dabryi (12.6 %), ussuri catfish T. ussuriensis (9.7 %), amur white-pinned gudgeon Romanogobio tenuicorpus (7.8 %), amur sturgeon Acipenser schrenckii (5.6 %), amur gudgeon Gobio cynocephalus (2.4 %), and kaluga Huso dauricus (0.6 %). Distribution density varied in the range of 0.01–2.57 g/m2 (on average 0.45 ± 0.27 g/m2) for fish and 0.005–0.044 g/m2 (0.021 ± 0.012 g/m2) for prawns. Abundance of both fish and prawns increased multifold towards the Amur mouth that correlated with increasing of forage benthos biomass in the same direction. So, the main portion of fish biomass (82.4 %) was distributed in the Amur River downstream (40–400 km from the mouth) and the prawn stock was concentrated completely in its lowermost part (50–150 km from the mouth).
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HALL, KATHRYN A., i THOMAS H. CRIBB. "Revision of Telotrema Ozaki, 1933 (Digenea: Gyliauchenidae Fukui, 1929), including the description of a new species from an acanthurid fish from the Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia". Zootaxa 1071, nr 1 (28.10.2005): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1071.1.1.
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We describe one new species of Telotrema Ozaki, 1933 from the intestine of an acanthurid fish of the Great Barrier Reef. Telotrema brevicaudatum n. sp. is described from 2 mature specimens from the yellowfin surgeonfish, Acanthurus xanthopterus Valenciennes, 1835 (Acanthuridae), from waters off Lizard Island, Queensland, Australia. This species is distinguished from the typespecies, Telotrema caudatum Ozaki, 1933, by the smaller excretory papilla, the massive pars prostatica, the unipartite, globular seminal vesicle, and the intertesticular position of the ovary. The proposal of a new species of Telotrema necessitates re-examination of the generic diagnosis, and the genus is here redefined in light of the morphology of T. brevicaudatum. Telotrema is distinguished from Gyliauchen Nicoll, 1915 by the possession of a ventral sucker which is larger than the pharynx, a straight or sigmoid oesophagus, an extensive and dense vitellarium, and a distinct excretory papilla. We here recognise 3 species and distinguish them in a key. The biogeographical range for species of Telotrema now includes acanthurid and pomacentrid fishes of the western Pacific Ocean.
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FERREIRA, MARYKE L., NICO J. SMIT i ANGELA J. DAVIES. "Gnathia grutterae sp. nov. (Crustacea, Isopoda, Gnathiidae) parasitising representatives of the Balistidae, Labridae and Tetraodontidae from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia". Zootaxa 2718, nr 1 (22.01.2019): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2718.1.3.
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A new species of gnathiid was collected in March 2002 and November 2005 at Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Third stage pranizae taken from balistid, labrid and tetraodontid fishes were maintained in fresh sea water until their moult into males (4 days post feeding) or females (11 days post feeding). Distinctive features of the adult male cephalosome include conical superior fronto-lateral processes directed anteriorly, with 4 simple setae in a row on each process, while the mediofrontal process is inferior with a shallow conical notch dividing the anterior part of mediofrontal process in two. The male mandible has a prominent internal lobe with small tubercles forming two rows from the internal lobe up to half the length of the mandible. The adult female has a broadly rounded cephalosome, with two pairs of long simple setae laterally on the mid-dorsal area, whereas the third stage praniza has a mandible with 9 teeth, comprising two small teeth at the tip and seven large, triangular, backwardly directed teeth on the mesial margin.
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Shan, Binbin, Liangming Wang, Yan Liu, Changping Yang, Manting Liu, Dianrong Sun i Pujiang Huang. "De Novo Transcriptome Analysis of the Lizard Fish (Saurida elongata): Novel Insights into Genes Related to Sex Differentiation". Applied Sciences 12, nr 22 (8.11.2022): 11319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122211319.
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Among vertebrates, teleost fishes exhibit the largest array of sex-determining systems, resulting in many reproductive strategies. Screening these fish for sex-related genes could enhance our understanding of sexual differentiation. The lizardfish, Saurida elongata (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846), is a commercially important marine fish in tropical and subtropical seas of the northwest Pacific. However, little genomic information on S. elongata is available. In this study, the transcriptomes of three female and three male S. elongata were sequenced. A total of 49.19 million raw read pairs were generated. After identification and assembly, a total of 59,902 nonredundant unigenes were obtained with an N50 length of 2070 bp. Then, 38,016 unigenes (63.47% of the total) were successfully annotated through multiple public databases. A comparison of the unigenes of different sexes of S. elongata revealed that 22,507 unigenes (10,419 up-regulated in a female and 12,088 up-regulated in a male) were differentially expressed between sexes. Then, numerous candidate sex-related genes were identified, including dmrt2, dmrt4, foxl2, zps and starts. Furthermore, 23,941 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were detected in SSR-containing sequences. This informative transcriptome analysis provides valuable data to increase the genomic resources of S. elongata.
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Nur Hidayah, Lisa, Iin Solihin, Eko Sri Wiyono i Mochammad Riyanto. "Estimasi Ketersediaan Ikan dan Kebutuhan Bahan Baku Industri Pengolahan Ikan Di PPN Brondong Lamongan". Marine Fisheries : Journal of Marine Fisheries Technology and Management 13, nr 1 (26.07.2022): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jmf.v13i1.40569.
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The Brondong Fishing Port is the largest in East Java. The catches landed in the Brondong fishing port increase, but they are insufficient to meet the raw material necessity of the existing processing industry. The study aims at estimating fish availability and the necessity of raw materials for the fish processing industry in the Brondong fishing port. This research was conducted from January to March 2022 by using a descriptive method. Data were collected through interviews and a literature study. The results revealed that the installed capacity for eight fish processing industries in the Brondong fishing port counted as 123,300 tons/year. Starry triggerfish, Lizard fishes, Streaked spine foot, freckled goatfish, squid, croaker, red snapper, spotted sil, grouper, threadfin breams, hardtail, big eyes, and yellow pike conger were all necessary for the processing industry. In contrast, the estimation of fish availability for the fish processing industry at Brondong fishing port counted as 45,086 tons/year. It indicated a gap between fish availability and the demand from the fish processing industry in the Brondong fishing port. This may impact the fish processing industry's development in the Brondong fishing port. Keywords: Raw material necessity, fish availability, fish processing industry
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Yu, Xin, Akalili B. T. Mohd Zanudin, Mohd Uzair Rusli, David T. Booth i Juan Lei. "Diet reflects opportunistic feeding habit of the Asian water monitor (Varanus salvator)". Animal Biology 72, nr 1 (30.12.2021): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15707563-bja10065.
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Abstract The Asian water monitor (Varanus salvator) is a large generalist predator and scavenger lizard. This species has a widespread distribution throughout South and Southeast Asia and is frequently encountered around the edges of urban settlements. Here, we present information on diet diversity and habitat utilisation of a population of Asian water monitors inhabiting the University of Malaysia Terengganu campus located on the east coast of mainland Malaysia. The stomach contents of 30 Asian water monitors were examined by stomach flushing, and 47.6% of stomach contents was mangrove crab, 26.2% was human waste and 26.2% was other natural foods consisting of fruits, fishes, leeches, snails, birds and insects. We then recorded the locations and habitats utilised by patrolling the campus area and found Asian water monitors preferred to use water and mangrove forest habitats that fringed and crisscrossed the campus. The broad diversity of stomach contents reflected food available at this location and indicates the opportunistic feeding habit of this species. Given that this species widely distributed in Southeast Asia, its broad diet diversity and habitat variations may promote the adaptation of Asian water monitor to different environments.
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Quintela, Fernando M., Graziela Iob i Luiz G. S. Artioli. "Diet of Procyon cancrivorus (Carnivora, Procyonidae) in restinga and estuarine environments of southern Brazil". Iheringia. Série Zoologia 104, nr 2 (czerwiec 2014): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-476620141042143149.
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Despite its wide range and abundance on certain habitats, the crab-eating raccoon Procyon cancrivorus (G. Cuvier, 1798) is considered one of the less known Neotropical carnivore species. In the present study we analyzed the diet of P. cancrivorus in a peat forest and in an estuarine island in southernmost Brazil. Fruits of the gerivá palm tree Syagrus romanzoffiana were the most consumed item in the peat forest, followed by insects and mollusks. Small mammals, followed by Bromelia antiacantha (Bromeliaceae) fruits and brachyuran crustaceans were the most frequent items in the estuarine island. Other items found in lower frequencies were Solanum sp., Psidium sp., Smilax sp. and Dyospiros sp. fruits, diplopods, scorpions, fishes, anuran amphibians, reptiles (black tegu lizard and snakes), birds and medium-sized mammals (white-eared opossum, armadillo and coypu). Levin’s index values (peat forest: 0.38; estuarine island: 0.45) indicate an approximation to a median position between a specialist and a well distributed diet. Pianka’s index (0.80) showed a considerable diet similarity between the two systems. Procyon cancrivorus presented a varied diet in the studied areas and may play an important role as seed disperser on coastal environments in southernmost Brazil.
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Dhouailly, Danielle. "Evo Devo of the Vertebrates Integument". Journal of Developmental Biology 11, nr 2 (5.06.2023): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jdb11020025.
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All living jawed vertebrates possess teeth or did so ancestrally. Integumental surface also includes the cornea. Conversely, no other anatomical feature differentiates the clades so readily as skin appendages do, multicellular glands in amphibians, hair follicle/gland complexes in mammals, feathers in birds, and the different types of scales. Tooth-like scales are characteristic of chondrichthyans, while mineralized dermal scales are characteristic of bony fishes. Corneous epidermal scales might have appeared twice, in squamates, and on feet in avian lineages, but posteriorly to feathers. In contrast to the other skin appendages, the origin of multicellular glands of amphibians has never been addressed. In the seventies, pioneering dermal–epidermal recombination between chick, mouse and lizard embryos showed that: (1) the clade type of the appendage is determined by the epidermis; (2) their morphogenesis requires two groups of dermal messages, first for primordia formation, second for appendage final architecture; (3) the early messages were conserved during amniotes evolution. Molecular biology studies that have identified the involved pathways, extending those data to teeth and dermal scales, suggest that the different vertebrate skin appendages evolved in parallel from a shared placode/dermal cells unit, present in a common toothed ancestor, c.a. 420 mya.
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HALL, KATHRYN A., i THOMAS H. CRIBB. "Revision of Flagellotrema Ozaki, 1936 (Digenea, Gyliauchenidae Fukui, 1929), including the description of two species from acanthuroid fishes from the Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia". Zootaxa 1718, nr 1 (3.03.2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1718.1.1.
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The taxonomy of the Gyliauchenidae Fukui, 1929 (Digenea) has been confounded historically by 2 main factors: difficulty in specimen preparation and varying opinion as to the consistency of morphological characters, such as the morphology of the oesophagus and the position of the ovary. Distinction between Flagellotrema Ozaki, 1936 and Gyliauchen Nicoll, 1915 has been blurred by overlap in the diagnoses of these genera. Here we provide a diagnosis for Flagellotrema, definitively separating it from Gyliauchen. We define Flagellotrema as possessing an oesophagus with at least 1 loop, an intertesticular ovary, and a cilia-like lining of the genital atrium, and also by the position of the genital pore definitely posterior to the intestinal bifurcation. We redescribe the type-species, Flagellotrema convolutum Ozaki, 1936 from Prionurus scalprum (Acanthuridae) from Japanese waters, based on our examination of type material and the literature, and describe 2 new cryptic species from acanthuroid fishes of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Flagellotrema amphitrite n. sp. is described from Prionurus maculatus from Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia and Flagellotrema reburrus is described from Siganus punctatus (Siganidae) from the same location. We also record F. reburrus from 3 other species of Siganus, S. corallinus, S. doliatus and S. vulpinus from Heron and Lizard Islands, Australia. Distinction between F. amphitrite and F. reburrus is difficult, and is based on the combination of morphometric data and sequence data from ITS2 and 28S (D1–D3) rDNA and ND1 mtDNA genes. We provide a taxonomic key to species of Flagellotrema and discuss the taxonomy and biogeography of the group. The description of 2 new species from acan-thuroid fishes on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, expands the geographic range of Flagellotrema from Japan to the greater western Pacific Ocean.
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Hall, Kathryn A., i Thomas H. Cribb. "Ptychogyliauchen, a new genus of Gyliauchenidae (Platyhelminthes : Digenea) from siganid fishes of the Indo-West Pacific". Invertebrate Systematics 18, nr 5 (2004): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is04014.
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We propose a new genus of the Gyliauchenidae Fukui, 1929 (Digenea), Ptychogyliauchen, gen. nov., for four new species that infect Indo-West Pacific siganid fishes. Ptychogyliauchen, gen. nov. is a morphologically distinctive genus, diagnosed principally by the presence of a highly convoluted oesophagus, which generally exceeds the total body length of the worm, and by the unusual folded structure of the ejaculatory duct. Ptychogyliauchen thetidis, sp. nov. is designated as the type species, and is described from the intestine of Siganus punctatus (Siganidae) from Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia. Ptychogyliauchen himinglaeva, sp. nov. is described from the intestine of Siganus corallinus (Siganidae) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia. Ptychogyliauchen leucothea, sp. nov. is described from the intestine of S.�argenteus, and further recorded from S. fuscescens, off Ningaloo, Western Australia, Australia. Ptychogyliauchen thistilbardi, sp. nov. is described from the intestine of S. doliatus from Noumea, New Caledonia, and is also found in S. argenteus, S. canaliculatus, S. corallinus and S. spinus from Noumea, New Caledonia, and Moorea, Tahiti, French Pacific. Ptychogyliauchen thistilbardi, sp. nov. also occurs in the intestine of Chaetodon citrinellus (Chaetodontidae) from Moorea. A key to species is provided. All species have been described following morphological examination using light microscopy, and specimens of P. thetidis, sp. nov., P. leucothea, sp. nov. and P. thistilbardi, sp. nov. have been characterised using molecular methods. Sequences were obtained for a combination of nuclear ribosomal (28S (D1–D3) and ITS2) and mitochondrial (ND1) genes. A phylogenetic analysis of sequenced specimens of Ptychogyliauchen, gen. nov. was conducted using species of Petalocotyle Ozaki, 1934 for outgroup comparison. This analysis, based on alignments of the ITS2 and 28S (D1–D3) rDNA genes, supports monophyly of the geographically widespread P. thistilbardi, sp. nov., which is known from both siganid and chaetodontid hosts. We discuss the taxonomy of the genus and the host associations of each species and the group.
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Ros, Albert F. H., David Nusbaumer, Zegni Triki, Alexandra S. Grutter i Redouan Bshary. "The impact of long-term reduced access to cleaner fish on health indicators of resident client fish". Journal of Experimental Biology 223, nr 24 (13.11.2020): jeb231613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.231613.
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ABSTRACTIn many mutualisms, benefits in the form of food are exchanged for services such as transport or protection. In the marine cleaning mutualism, a variety of ‘client’ reef fishes offer ‘cleaner’ fish Labroides dimidiatus access to food in the form of their ectoparasites, where parasite removal supposedly protects the clients. Yet, the health benefits individual clients obtain in the long term from repeated ectoparasite removal remain relatively unknown. Here, we tested whether long-term reduced access to cleaning services alters indicators of health status such as body condition, immunity and the steroids cortisol and testosterone in four client damselfish species Pomacentrus amboinensis, Amblyglyphidodon curacao, Acanthochromis polyacanthus and Dischistodus perspicillatus. To do so, we took advantage of a long-term experimental project in which several small reefs around Lizard Island (Great Barrier Reef, Australia) have been maintained cleaner-free since the year 2000, while control reefs had their cleaner presence continuously monitored. We found that the four damselfish species from reef sites without cleaners for 13 years had lower body condition than fish from reefs with cleaners. However, immunity measurements and cortisol and testosterone levels did not differ between experimental groups. Our findings suggest that clients use the energetic benefits derived from long-term access to cleaning services to selectively increase body condition, rather than altering hormonal or immune system functions.
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MILLER, TERRENCE L., ABIGAIL J. DOWNIE i THOMAS H. CRIBB. "Morphological disparity despite genetic similarity; new species of Lobosorchis Miller & Cribb, 2005 (Digenea: Cryptogonimidae) from the Great Barrier Reef and the Maldives". Zootaxa 1992, nr 1 (2.02.2009): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1992.1.3.
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Examination of the humpback red snapper, Lutjanus gibbus (Perciformes: Lutjanidae), from Lizard Island off the Great Barrier Reef and Rasdhoo Atoll, Maldives revealed the presence of a new species of Lobosorchis (Digenea: Cryptogonimidae), L. polygongylus n. sp. Lobosorchis polygongylus n. sp. is distinguished from the typeand only other species, L. tibaldiae by the combination of body size, oral spine number (60–81 in L. polygongylus, 47–56 in L. tibaldiae) and number of testes (13–25 in L. polygongylus, 9 in L. tibaldiae). Bayesian inference analysis using data from the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (ITS1 and ITS2), 5.8S and the large subunit (LSU) nuclear ribosomal DNA of L. polygongylus, L. tibaldiae and species of Beluesca, Caulanus, Chelediadema, Neometadena, Latuterus, Retrovarium and Siphoderina was performed to explore phylogenetic relationships of species of Lobosorchis with other cryptogonimid taxa. Despite the significant morphological differences between Lobosorchis polygongylus and L. tibaldiae, these two species differed consistently by only 5 base pairs (bp) over the entire ITS region (3 bp in ITS1, 0 bp in 5.8S and 2 bp in ITS2) and 1 bp in the LSU rDNA regions examined. The ITS2 rDNA region was sequenced from metacercariae obtained from the fins, flesh or body cavities of a number of fishes belonging to the Blenniidae, Pomacentridae and Tetraodontidae and analysed using minimum evolution analysis with L. polygongylus and L. tibaldiae. This revealed the presence of two additional genotypes (putative Lobosorchis sp. A and B), which consistently differed from L. polygongylus by 1 and 4 bp, L. tibaldiae by 1 and 4 bp and from each other by 3 bp over the ITS2 dataset. Although these genetic differences are relatively small, when evaluated in light of the differences observed between L. polygongylus and L. tibaldiae (which are morphologically quite distinct) and differences seen in other congeneric cryptogonimid taxa, the ITS2 rDNA data alone suggest that at least two more species of Lobosorchis are present at Lizard Island. These data also suggest that the ITS2 rDNA region alone is suitable for resolving operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at the species level within the Cryptogonimidae based on what was observed in this and other cryptogonimid systems. A morphological description of metacercariae of L. tibaldiae obtained from two species of Pomacentridae at Heron Island, off the Great Barrier Reef is also provided.
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Holler, Jr, Cato, Jonathan Mays i Matthew Niemiller. "The fauna of caves and other subter-ranean habitats of North Carolina, USA". Journal of Cave and Karst Studies 82, nr 4 (15.12.2020): 221–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4311/2019lsc0133.
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Over 1,500 caves have been documented in North Carolina, however, cave fauna in the Blue Ridge Mountains and Piedmont regions of North Carolina have been overlooked historically compared to the cave-rich karst terrains in the Appalachian Valley and Ridge and Interior Low Plateau to the west. Here, we provide the first comprehensive faunal list of caves and other subterranean habitats in the state based on over 40 years of periodic surveys and compilation of literature, biodiversity databases, and museum records. We report 475 occurrences from 127 caves, springs, and wells in 29 counties, representing 5 phyla, 17 classes, 43 orders, 90 families, 124 genera, and at least 164 species. Vertebrate fauna comprised 32 species, including 4 fishes, 9 salamanders, 1 lizard, 4 snakes, 2 birds, and 12 mammals (8 bats). Diverse invertebrate groups included spiders (11 families and 18 genera), springtails (7 families and 9 genera), segmented worms (3 families and 8 genera), and snails (6 families and 9 genera). At least 25 taxa are troglobites/stygobites (cave obligates), including 5 species of cave flatworms, 5 cave springtails, and 5 cave amphipods. Most troglobitic/stygobitic fauna documented in this study are endemic to North Carolina. Counties with the greatest cave biodiversity include Rutherford, McDowell, Swain, Henderson, Polk, and Avery counties. Over 20 species documented are of conservation concern, including 14 troglobites and 3 federally-listed bats. Although not as diverse as adjacent states, caves and other subterranean habitats in North Carolina support a diverse community of invertebrates and vertebrates. Our review serves as a base line for future cave biological surveys in the state and highlights the importance of subterranean habitats for North Carolina biodiversity.
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NOLAN, MATTHEW J., i THOMAS H. CRIBB. "Cardicola Short, 1953 and Braya n. gen. (Digenea: Sanguinicolidae) from five families of tropical Indo-Pacific fishes". Zootaxa 1265, nr 1 (17.07.2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1265.1.1.
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A survey of Pacific coral reef fishes for sanguinicolids revealed that two species of Lutjanidae (Lutjanus argentimaculatus, L. bohar), six species of Siganidae (Siganus corallinus, S. fuscescens, S. lineatus, S. margaritiferus, S. punctatus, S. vulpinus), seven species of Chaetodontidae (Chaetodon aureofasciatus, C. citrinellus, C. flavirostris, C. lineolatus, C. reticulatus, C. ulietensis, C. unimaculatus), three species of Scombridae (Euthynnus affinis, Scomberomorus commerson, S. munroi) and three species of Scaridae (Chlorurus microrhinos, Scarus frenatus, S. ghobban) were infected with morphologically similar sanguinicolids. These flukes have a flat elliptical body, a vestigial oral sucker, a single testis, separate genital pores and a post-ovarian uterus. However, these species clearly belong in two genera based on the position of the testis and genital pores. Sanguinicolids from Lutjanidae, Siganidae, Chaetodontidae and Scombridae belong in Cardicola Short, 1953; the testis originates anteriorly to, or at the anterior end of, the intercaecal field and does not extend posteriorly to it, the male genital pore opens laterally to the sinistral lateral nerve chord and the female pore opens near the level of the oötype (may be anterior, lateral or posterior to it) antero-dextral to the male pore. Those from Scaridae are placed in a new genus, Braya; the testis originates near the posterior end of the intercaecal field and extends posteriorly to it, the male pore opens medially at the posterior end of the body and the female pore opens posterior to the oötype, antero-sinistral to the male pore. The second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) of ribosomal DNA from these sanguinicolids and a known species, Cardicola forsteri Cribb, Daintith & Munday, 2000, were sequenced, aligned and analysed to test the distinctness of the putative new species. Results from morphological comparisons and molecular analyses suggest the presence of 18 putative species; 11 are described on the basis of combined morphological and molecular data and seven are not because they are characterised solely by molecular sequences or to few morphological specimens (n=one). There was usually a correlation between levels of morphological and genetic distinction in that pairs of species with the greatest genetic separation were also the least morphologically similar. The exception in this regard was the combination of Cardicola tantabiddii n. sp. from S. fuscescens from Ningaloo Reef (Western Australia) and Cardicola sp. 2 from the same host from Heron Island (Great Barrier Reef). These two parasite/host/location combinations had identical ITS2 sequences but appeared to differ morphologically (however, this could simply be due to a lack of morphological material for Cardicola sp. 2). Only one putative species (Cardicola sp. 1) was found in more than one location; most host species harboured distinct species in each geographical location surveyed (for example, S. corallinus from Heron and Lizard Islands) and some (for example, S. punctatus, S. fuscescens and Chlorurus microrhinos) harboured two species at a single location. Distance analysis of ITS2 showed that nine species from siganids, three from scombrids and five from scarids formed monophyletic clades to the exclusion of sanguinicolids from the other host families. Cardicola milleri n. sp. and C. chaetodontis Yamaguti, 1970 from lutjanids and chaetodontids, respectively, were the only representatives from those families that were sequenced. Within the clade formed by sanguinicolids from Siganidae there was a further division of species; species from the morphologically similar S. fuscescens and S. margaritiferus formed a monophyletic group to the exclusion of sanguinicolids from all other siganid species.
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Damora, Adrian, i Tri Ernawati. "BEBERAPAASPEKBIOLOGI IKANBELOSO(Sauridamicropectoralis) DI PERAIRANUTARAJAWATENGAH". BAWAL Widya Riset Perikanan Tangkap 3, nr 6 (6.02.2017): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/bawal.3.6.2011.363-367.
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Indeks kelimpahan stok ikan beloso (Saurida micropectoralis) di Laut Jawa cenderungmengalami penurunan dari tahun ke tahun dan untuk mencegahnya perlu bahan masukan yang bersumber dari hasil penelitian yang dijadikan sebagai dasar pengelolaannya. Penelitian dilakukan untukmengkaji beberapa aspek biologimeliputi hubungan panjangberat, nisbah kelamin, tingkat kematangan gonad, panjang pertama kali tertangkap dan panjang pertama kali matang gonad, serta kebiasaan makan ikan beloso. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulanApril–Agustus 2009 di perairan utara Jawa Tengah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nisbah kelamin ikan jantan dan betina berada dalam keadaan tidak seimbang. Pertumbuhan ikan beloso bersifat allometrik positif, dimana pertambahan berat lebih cepat dibandingkan pertumbuhan panjangnya dan tingkat kematangan gonad (TKG) ikan beloso didominasi oleh stadium I. Panjang pertama kali ikan beloso tertangkap lebih kecil dari panjang pertama kali matang gonadnya (Lc < Lm) sehingga akan mengancam kelestariaannya. Ikan beloso bersifat karnivora, dimana makanan utamanya adalah potongan ikan dasar, cumi, dan teri. Index of stock abundance of Lizardfish (Saurida micropectoralis) in Java Sea tend to decreased from year to year. The decline was expected because of the potential of Lizardfish decreasing but the effort continue to rise. The objective of this study is to assess the biological aspects including length-weight relationship, sex ratio, gonadal maturity stage, length of first capture (Lc) and length of first mature (Lm), and feeding habit of Lizardfish in north waters of Central Java. This study was conducted from April to August 2009 in north waters of Central Java. Results showed that the sex ratio between males and females was 1:0,97. Based on Chi-square test it is showed that sex ratio is not balanced. The growth of Lizardfish indicated positive allometric where the weight growth more faster than its length growth. The gonadalmaturity stage of Lizard fish is dominated by the first stage. The length of first capture of Lizardfish was under the length of first mature (Lc < Lm) so that will threaten its sustainability. Lizardfish was indicated carnivorous species where its main food are part of demersal fishes, squids and anchovies.
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Horalskyi, L., I. Sokulskiy, N. Kolesnik, О. Pavliuchenko i S. Shevchuk. "ANATOMICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE EVOLUTIONARY MORPHOLOGY OF THE SPINAL NODES OF VERTEBRATES ANIMALIUM". Ukrainian Journal of Natural Sciences, nr 1 (28.01.2023): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/naturaljournal.1.2023.19-33.
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Using anatomical, histological, neurohistological and morphological research methods, the histomorphology of spinal cord nodes in a comparative anatomical series of vertebrates: bony fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals, which differ in their motor activity and their place of existence in a certain environment, was clarified in the work. It has been established that in the process of phylogenesis, a certain structural and morphofunctional reorganization of the spinal nodes occurs. They differ in shape and size. Adaptation to various living conditions of animals was formed on the basis of changes in the density and size of neurocytes, an increase in the total number of gliocytes and perineuralneglia cells, and polymorphism in the degree of chromatophilia.
Thus, according to neurohistological studies, it has been noted that the neurons of the spinal cord nodes of cold-blooded animals (pond frog, pond lizard) are characterized by a functional degree of relative polymorphism – chromatophilia.
Impregnation of spinal cord nodes with silver nitrate in all studied animals revealed different intensity of staining of nerve cells (light, light-dark, dark), which is related to the specifics of species and age-related neuromorphology, the morpho-functional state of the nervous system and the type of higher nervous activity.
An important issue of modern neuromorphology of animals is the study of spinal cord nodes, which play an important role as primary centers on the way to transmit sensory information from receptors to the central nervous system, providing appropriate reactions to the action of certain factors. The scientific article uses material that is a fragment of the research work of the adjacent departments "Development, morphology and histochemistry of animal organs in normal and pathological conditions", state registration number – 0120U100796.
The obtained results of the research have an important general biological significance, which complements and expands the idea of certain regularities of spinal nodes, which relate to their structural organization and comparative characteristics at the cellular and tissue levels in vertebrate animals of various species.
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Belozyorov, Konstantin. "Culture Talk in Capitalist Realism: How We Talk about Culture and Why It's Important". Visnyk V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. Series "Sociological studies of contemporary society: methodology, theory, methods", nr 45 (1.12.2020): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2227-6521-2020-45-04.
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The article is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of everyday practice of culture talk, the search for the most appropriate sociological optics for the study of this phenomenon. The core task of the article is to determine the heuristic potential of the synthesis of the theoretical approaches of Omar Lizardo and Mark Fisher in the context of the analysis of the social practice of culture talk. Particular attention is paid to the concept of "capitalist realism" proposed by Mark Fischer. The connection between capitalist realism and the phenomenon of culture talk, the specificity of the manifestation of capitalist realism in modern Ukrainian society, including in the political sphere, cultural transformations, and other social processes, is analyzed. It is emphasized that the study of the practice of culture talk cannot be limited exclusively to the communicative aspect, that this phenomenon requires a comprehensive study. The emphasis is made on those features of Omar Lizardo's concept that open up new opportunities for empirical analysis of the culture talk phenomenon within the framework of quantitative and qualitative sociological research. A critical analysis of the idea of Omar Lizardo is carried out, which presents culture talk as socialization, that is, communication that does not actualize the conflict and is capable of developing for its own sake. It is noted that the concept of "capitalist realism" takes the analysis of culture talk practice from the plane of a purely communicative aspect to the study of it as a space of political, cultural and social articulations of agents. It is proved that the phenomenon of culture talk contains elements of political, ideological, class discussions. Some examples of such discussions are given, which are typical for modern Ukrainian society. The possibilities of further scientific, including sociological, study of cultural consumption and aesthetic categories within the framework of the presented theoretical and methodological model, namely the synthesis of the theoretical developments of Omar Lizardo and Mark Fisher, are determined.
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BERNARDE, P. S., J. C. MOURA-LEITE, R. A. MACHADO i M. N. C. KOKOBUM. "Diet of the colubrid snake, Thamnodynastes strigatus (Günther, 1858) from Paraná State, Brazil, with field notes on anuran predation". Revista Brasileira de Biologia 60, nr 4 (listopad 2000): 695–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-71082000000400022.
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Dissection of 44 specimens of the colubrid snake Thamnodynastes strigatus (Serpentes: Colubridae) provided data on food habits. Prey items include frogs (71.4% of the sample), rodents (14.3%), fishes (10.7%), and lizards (3.6%). The most of the anuran species recorded (Bufo sp., Leptodactylus sp., Physalaemus cuvieri and Scinax fuscovarius) are ground dwellers or call at the water level. Field observations provided information on the feeding behavior.
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Zuklin, Tomas, Nathanael Maury, Saly Sitthivong, Thong Van Pham, Olivier Le Duc, Cedric Bordes, Benjamin Leprince i in. "The «Empty Forest Syndrome» and the Herpetofaunal Communities in Laos (South-Eastern Asia)". Russian Journal of Herpetology 28, nr 6 (27.12.2021): 333–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2021-28-6-333-347.
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Nowadays, Laos remains one of the scientifically least known countries of Asia in terms of herpetological knowledge. Here, we evaluate composition of species in freshwater ecosystems (main river courses) and terrestrial ecosystems (forests) in two distinct regions using Visual Encounter Surveys along designed transects, examination of fishers’ catches and standardized interviews. In Northern Laos, we recorded only 18 reptile individuals (2 turtle and 1 snake species). Interview surveys demonstrated that in Nam Xam River, fishers are more likely to hunt turtles and we identified one potential site where the world’s rarest turtle, Rafetus swinhoei, could be still present in the wild. In Nam Et Phou Louey National Park, we found 19 reptile species (8 lizard, 10 snake, 1 turtle species) in the different study sites, demonstrating a low species density in all different surveyed habitats. In Central/Southern Laos, we observed 30 species of reptiles (14 snake, 16 lizard, 35 amphibian species). Our study offers preliminary insights into the composition of amphibians and reptiles in Laos. The great majority of the species were non-threatened or not evaluated, and a few were threatened, suggesting that more research is needed to proper understand the conservation status of Laos’ herpetofauna. We highlighted, indirectly by interviews with local fishers, the possible presence of the turtle Rafetus swinhoei, thus providing a new hope for avoiding the extinction of this species. Finally, we observed a relatively low number of species in each habitat type, which is remarkably lower than in tropical forests of other continents or of nearby south-east Asian countries, indicating that the herpetofauna communities in Laos are depleted, reflecting an ‘empty forest syndrome’.
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Winemiller, Kirk O., i Eric R. Pianka. "Organization in Natural Assemblages of Desert Lizards and Tropical Fishes". Ecological Monographs 60, nr 1 (luty 1990): 27–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1943025.
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Pereira, Sérgio Luiz. "Mitochondrial genome organization and vertebrate phylogenetics". Genetics and Molecular Biology 23, nr 4 (grudzień 2000): 745–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-47572000000400008.
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With the advent of DNA sequencing techniques the organization of the vertebrate mitochondrial genome shows variation between higher taxonomic levels. The most conserved gene order is found in placental mammals, turtles, fishes, some lizards and Xenopus. Birds, other species of lizards, crocodilians, marsupial mammals, snakes, tuatara, lamprey, and some other amphibians and one species of fish have gene orders that are less conserved. The most probable mechanism for new gene rearrangements seems to be tandem duplication and multiple deletion events, always associated with tRNA sequences. Some new rearrangements seem to be typical of monophyletic groups and the use of data from these groups may be useful for answering phylogenetic questions involving vertebrate higher taxonomic levels. Other features such as the secondary structure of tRNA, and the start and stop codons of protein-coding genes may also be useful in comparisons of vertebrate mitochondrial genomes.
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Burress, Edward D., Lubomír Piálek, Jorge R. Casciotta, Adriana Almirón, Milton Tan, Jonathan W. Armbruster i Oldřich Říčan. "Island- and lake-like parallel adaptive radiations replicated in rivers". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, nr 1870 (3.01.2018): 20171762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1762.
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Parallel adaptive radiations have arisen following the colonization of islands by lizards and lakes by fishes. In these classic examples, parallel adaptive radiation is a response to the ecological opportunities afforded by the colonization of novel ecosystems and similar adaptive landscapes that favour the evolution of similar suites of ecomorphs, despite independent evolutionary histories. Here, we demonstrate that parallel adaptive radiations of cichlid fishes arose in South American rivers. Speciation-assembled communities of pike cichlids ( Crenicichla ) have independently diversified into similar suites of novel ecomorphs in the Uruguay and Paraná Rivers, including crevice feeders, periphyton grazers and molluscivores. There were bursts in phenotypic evolution associated with the colonization of each river and the subsequent expansion of morphospace following the evolution of the ecomorphs. These riverine clades demonstrate that characteristics emblematic of textbook parallel adaptive radiations of island- and lake-dwelling assemblages are feasible evolutionary outcomes even in labile ecosystems such as rivers.
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Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jakob, Paula Kuokkanen, Jamie Emoto Matthews i Catherine E. Carr. "Strongly directional responses to tones and conspecific calls in the auditory nerve of the Tokay gecko, Gekko gecko". Journal of Neurophysiology 125, nr 3 (1.03.2021): 887–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00576.2020.
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In mammals, the two ears are unconnected pressure receivers, and sound direction is computed from binaural interactions in the brain, but in lizards, the eardrums interact acoustically, producing a strongly directional response. We show strongly lateralized responses from gecko auditory nerve fibers to directional sound stimulation and high Fisher information on either side of the midline. Thus, already the auditory nerve provides a population code for sound source direction in the gecko.
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Minns, Charles K. "Allometry of home range size in lake and river fishes". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52, nr 7 (1.07.1995): 1499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f95-144.
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A data set assembled from published literature supported the hypotheses that (i) home range size increases allometrically with body size in temperate freshwater fishes, and (ii) fish home ranges are larger in lakes than rivers. The allometric model fitted was home range = A∙(body size)B. Home ranges in lakes were 19–23 times larger than those in rivers. Additional analyses showed that membership in different taxonomic groupings of fish, the presence–absence of piscivory, the method of measuring home range, and the latitude position of the water bodies were not significant predictive factors. Home ranges of freshwater fish were smaller than those of terrestrial mammals, birds, and lizards. Home ranges were larger than area per fish values derived by inverting fish population and assemblage density–size relationships from lakes and rivers and territory–size relationships in stream salmonids. The weight exponent (B) of fish home range was lower than values reported for other vertebrates, 0.58 versus a range of 0.96–1.14. Lake–river home range differences were consistent with differences reported in allometric models of freshwater fish density and production.
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Booth, Warren, Charles F. Smith, Pamela H. Eskridge, Shannon K. Hoss, Joseph R. Mendelson i Gordon W. Schuett. "Facultative parthenogenesis discovered in wild vertebrates". Biology Letters 8, nr 6 (12.09.2012): 983–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2012.0666.
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Facultative parthenogenesis (FP)—asexual reproduction by bisexual species—has been documented in a variety of multi-cellular organisms but only recently in snakes, varanid lizards, birds and sharks. Unlike the approximately 80 taxa of unisexual reptiles, amphibians and fishes that exist in nature, FP has yet to be documented in the wild. Based on captive documentation, it appears that FP is widespread in squamate reptiles (snakes, lizards and amphisbaenians), and its occurrence in nature seems inevitable, yet the task of detecting FP in wild individuals has been deemed formidable. Here we show, using microsatellite DNA genotyping and litter characteristics, the first cases of FP in wild-collected pregnant females and their offspring of two closely related species of North American pitviper snakes—the copperhead ( Agkistrodon contortrix ) and cottonmouth ( Agkistrodon piscivorus ). Our findings support the view that non-hybrid origins of parthenogenesis, such as FP, are more common in squamates than previously thought. With this confirmation, FP can no longer be viewed as a rare curiosity outside the mainstream of vertebrate evolution. Future research on FP in squamate reptiles related to proximate control of induction, reproductive competence of parthenogens and population genetics modelling is warranted.
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de Sá, Fábio P., Rafael C. Consolmagno, Pavitra Muralidhar, Cinthia A. Brasileiro, Kelly R. Zamudio i Célio F. B. Haddad. "Unexpected reproductive fidelity in a polygynous frog". Science Advances 6, nr 33 (sierpień 2020): eaay1539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay1539.
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Polygynous mating systems with group fidelity are a common animal organization, typically consisting of multiple females in a mated group with a single male for an extended period (sometimes referred to as harem polygyny). Single-male polygyny with reproductive fidelity occurs in invertebrates, bony fishes, and some tetrapods, such as lizards, mammals, and birds. In amphibians, reproductive fidelity in polygynous groups is not fully demonstrated. Combining data on larval development, molecular paternity assignment, and in situ behavioral observations, we reveal high fidelity during a prolonged breeding season in a Neotropical polygynous frog. Males dominate scarce breeding sites, guarding offspring, and mating exclusively with multiple females that exhibit dominance rank. This system likely evolved in response to intense competition for breeding sites and intrasexual competition for mates.
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de Graaf, Martin, Eshete Dejen, Jan W. M. Osse i Ferdinand A. Sibbing. "Adaptive radiation of Lake Tana's (Ethiopia) Labeobarbus species flock (Pisces, Cyprinidae)". Marine and Freshwater Research 59, nr 5 (2008): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf07123.
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Studying species flocks (e.g. Darwin’s finches, Caribbean anoline lizards, East African cichlid fishes) has proven to be highly successful in understanding the forces driving speciation. The only known, intact species flock of cyprinid fishes, the 15 Labeobarbus species in Lake Tana (Ethiopia), includes eight piscivorous species. Piscivory is a rare specialisation among the highly successful (>2000 species) but mostly benthivorous Cyprinidae. The extent and mechanisms of diversification of this remarkable Labeobarbus species flock, particularly among the unexpected piscivorous species, are still largely unknown. In the present study we demonstrate that all 15 Labeobarbus species are segregated to a great extent along spatial, trophic and/or temporal dimensions. The spatial distribution, diet (prey species but not prey size), time of active feeding and predation techniques differed significantly among the eight piscivores. Lake Tana’s cyprinids displayed their retained potential for ecological diversification and speciation, including the uncommon specialisation of piscivory. The latter is probably a result of the absence of common African specialist piscivores in Lake Tana. We suggest that the evolution of Lake Tana’s Labeobarbus species flock at this stage is predominantly structured by ecological selection models. The labeobarbs most likely underwent sequential stages of radiation and speciation: habitat divergence followed by trophic divergence.
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Daxner-Höck, Gudrun, Thomas Mörs, Alexey Y. Kazansky, Galina G. Matasova, Varvara V. Ivanova, Alexander A. Shchetnikov, Ivan A. Filinov, Leonid Voyta i Margarita A. Erbajeva. "A synthesis of fauna, palaeoenvironments and stratigraphy of the Miocene Tagay locality (Olkhon Island, Lake Baikal, Eastern Siberia)". Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 102, nr 4 (grudzień 2022): 969–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12549-022-00558-8.
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AbstractWe report about the Early Miocene Tagay fauna of Olkhon Island, the largest island of the Baikal Lake. The Tagay fauna is of high scientific importance because of the diversity of fishes, amphibians, lizards, snakes, turtles, manifold birds and mammals. The lithology, geochemistry and the fossil record along the Tagay-1 section allow reconstruction of various palaeoenvironments, i.e. open water, shallow lakes with adjacent wetlands, riverine woodlands, and also forested and dry habitats. The fossil record, lithology and geochemical sediment-analyses suggest a temperate palaeoclimate with short humid and dry periods. The small mammal record and the magnetic polarity pattern of the upper part of section Tagay-1 correlate with the subchrons C5Cn.2r – C5Cn.1r of Chron C5C and the late Burdigalian Stage of the Geologic Time Scale (GTS2000). The corresponding age range of the Tagay fauna is ~16.5 to ~16.3 Ma.
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Motora, Z. I. "ACANTHOCEPHALANS OF FISH FROM THE NORTHWESTERN JAPAN SEA". Izvestiya TINRO 198 (2.10.2019): 93–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.26428/1606-9919-2019-198-93-118.
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Parasitic fauna of marine fishes in the northwestern Japan Sea is studied since 1929, when its investigation was started by E.M. Lyayman. The results concerning acanthocephalan worms were presented in several publications, including the papers about parasitic fauna of certain fish families or in certain areas of the Sea and the first description of a new species as Echinorhynchus theragrae from walleye pollock. This information is catalogued by E.M. Didenko and G.G. Shevchenko (1999), who presented a list of 25 Acanthocephala species from marine and anadromous fishes, including 4 unidentified ones. The study is continuing with expanding of the species lists for the region and for the hosts. New summary of all available data on acanthocephalan worms is presented, with quantitative data on their contamination of marine, anadromous and semi-anadromous fishes in the northwestern Japan Sea. In total, 2507 fish specimens belonged to 70 species, 53 genera, 25 families, and 13 orders were investigated in the period since 1997 to 2018 and 38 species of acanthocephalan worms were found belonged to 13 genera, 7 families, 4 orders, and 2 classes, mostly to the geni Echinorhynchus (8 species) and Corynosoma (5 species). Among these 38 species, 13 ones are new for the northwestern Japan Sea (Acanthogyrus (A.) lizae, Neoechinorhynchus agilis, Echinorhynchus lotellae, E. yamagutii, Pseudorhadinorhynchus samegaiensis, Metacanthocephaloides zebrini, Metacanthocephalus pleuronichthydis, Rhadinorhynchus cololabis, Andracantha mergi juv., Bolbosoma nipponicum juv., Bolbosoma sp. juv., Corynosoma osmeri juv., C. validum juv.) and 3 are noted for the first time in marine fish of the Japan Sea (E. yamagutii, A. mergi, C. validum). Intermediate hosts are determined and spatial distribution is described for each species. The most of acanthocephalan species are hosted by the fishes of families Pleuronectidae, Salmonidae and Gadidae (15, 14 and 13 species, respectively); on opposite, the fishes of family Trichodontidae are infested by 2 species only. New hosts are determined for 19 species of acanthocephalans. Mass contamination of fish by E. gadi, E. cotti, C. strumosum juv., and B. caenoforme juv. is detected.
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Shen, Dan, Bo Gao, Csaba Miskey, Cai Chen, Yatong Sang, Wencheng Zong, Saisai Wang i in. "Multiple Invasions of Visitor, a DD41D Family of Tc1/mariner Transposons, throughout the Evolution of Vertebrates". Genome Biology and Evolution 12, nr 7 (30.06.2020): 1060–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaa135.
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Abstract Although the DD41D (named as Visitor, VS) family of Tc1/mariner transposons was discovered in Arthropods and Mollusca, the evolution profile of this family is still largely unknown. We found that VS is widespread in the animal kingdom, including 140 species of 18 orders in invertebrates and 30 species of 12 orders in vertebrates, and one land plant species. Our data revealed multiple horizontal transfer events in both invertebrates and vertebrates and invasion into multiple lineages of mammals, including Chiroptera (seven species), Dasyuromorphia/Marsupialia (one species), Didelphimorphia/Marsupialia (one species), Diprotodontia/Marsupialia (two species), and Primates (one species). Phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relationship of VSs to DD37D/maT and DD34D/mariner and confirmed that VSs with the DD40D signature identified previously are not a distinct family but originated from DD41D/VS. Age analysis revealed that the most recent invasion of VSs was found in ray-finned fishes and a toad, followed by relatively young invasions in bats and marsupials, whereas VSs in mammals, jawless fishes, and lizards were mainly represented by ancient copies, suggesting old age. Phylogenetic analyses and comparison of pairwise distances between VSs and recombination-activating gene 1 (RAG1) support horizontal transfer events of VSs in vertebrates. The intact VSs from bats were nonfunctional as determined by the transposition activity assay. Some vertebrate lineages and species were identified as the hot hosts of Tc1/mariner transposons. Overall, our study presents the evolution profile of VSs and suggests that VSs play roles in diversifying and shaping the genomes of diverse animal lineages.
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Chowdhury, Abdullah Harun, i Md Ali Akber. "Study Of Impacts Of Oil Spill On The Sundarbans Mangrove Forest Of Bangladesh". Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Science 41, nr 1 (16.06.2015): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v41i1.46193.
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Studies were carried out on the recent oil spill in the Sundarbans of Bangladesh to findout the immediate impacts on the ecosystem of the Sundarbans after oil spilling. Morethan 500 km2 areas out of the total study area have been affected seriously by the oil spillcontamination on 9 December 2014. Recorded data of the physico-chemical conditions,oil content, productivity, diversity and abundance of phyto-zooplankton and benthos ofwater, and oil content in soil indicate that the water and soil of the Eastern part of theSundarbans were polluted by the oil contamination. Results also indicate that seedlings,mangrove algae, eggs and hatchlings of commercially valuable fishes, mudskippers, mudcrabs, snails, monitor lizards were affected due to oil spill. Regeneration of the Sundritrees; intertidal zone bird - ‘Masked finfoot’, common birds, fishing cat, otter, dolphins,crocodile would be affected due to the oil spill. Long term monitoring, in depth researchand proper implementation of all rules and regulations are necessary to save the fragileecosystem of the Sundarbans-the UNESCO declared world heritage site.
Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 41(1): 75-94, June 2015