Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Livestock theft”

This research study evaluates the efficacy of Ceres Tag, a livestock information platform that utilises a unique smart tag, in improving farm security by preventing, interrupting, and reducing livestock theft – a prevalent issue among farmers and landholders in countries like Australia. The Ceres Tag is equipped with an accelerometer and global navigation satellite system (GNSS) technology to collect data on animal health, welfare, movement, and traceability. It was hypothesised that the Ceres Tag could combat livestock theft by enabling interventions at three key stages: rapid prevention, tracking of stolen livestock, and recovery of stolen livestock. To assess this, a mock theft of livestock was staged, accompanied by a coordinated law enforcement response. Key findings include: (1) the Ceres Tag issued a ‘high activity alert’ to farmers, indicating significant livestock agitation, within 12 minutes of the mock theft initiation; (2) utilising the data, the New South Wales (NSW) Police were able to track and interrupt the livestock theft within 25 minutes; (3) the data enabled the NSW Police to repeatedly track and interrupt the theft on three separate occasions over a 110 kilometre distance and 90-minute period; and (4) following the thieves' arrival at their destination, the NSW Police, aided by the data, recovered the stolen livestock within 20 minutes. The Ceres Tag system increases the risk of criminal behaviour in often riskless rural settings, effectively ‘hardening’ livestock as targets through technological innovation. Furthermore, the platform provides farmers with tangible evidence of a crime, substantially expediting the crime reporting process. This timely reporting, coupled with the data provided by Ceres Tag, positions police for rapid and effective intervention, thereby enhancing their capacity to investigate and resolve incidents of livestock theft. Overall, the results suggest that the Ceres Tag offers a promising technological tool for farmers and law enforcement officers alike, aimed at fortifying farm security and minimizing livestock theft.

Stock theft is a major threat to livestock production in Africa and has been on the rise in recent years. Zimbabwe is no exception. The purpose of this study was to analyze factors that contribute to stock theft in rural areas. The study used a mixed research design. The study was limited to wards 20 and 24 of Gwanda district of Matabeleland South Province. The linear regression model was used to analyze the factors that affected stock theft in rural areas. The majority (57.1%) of the interviewed household heads were males and aged below 50 years (55.8%) with an average household size of 5 members. On average, each household owned 5 cattle, 2 sheep, 17 goats, 4 donkeys, and 5 chicken. The participants kept livestock mainly for income generation, source of school fees, draught power, meat, milk, manure, and eggs. The major causes of livestock loss apart from stock theft were drought, disease outbreaks, trapped in mine holes, and predators. All the respondents practiced livestock identification which includes branding, ear notching, and the use of ear tags. The most vulnerable livestock species to stock theft were goats, cattle, donkeys, sheep, and chicken. Stock theft mostly takes place before midday and on Mondays and Wednesdays. It is at its peak levels in January and November. Goats and donkeys were the main stolen livestock species. The stolen livestock is mostly sold to meat processors. The distance from the border, the use of livestock identification tags, the total number of livestock units owned by the household, and the day of the week were significant in influencing the intensity of stock theft ( p < 0.10 ). Stock theft does not directly affect household dietary diversity ( p > 0.05 ) because rural households do not use livestock for their nutritional benefit, particularly goats, sheep, and cattle. Thus, if dietary diversity is taken as a proxy for food security, it can be concluded that stock theft does not significantly affect the household’s food security status. Working in groups through neighborhood watch committees, livestock branding, tending livestock which reduces the time that the livestock roam freely unattended, and assisting the police with investigations whenever there is a case of stock theft were identified as important mitigation strategies. At the service provider level, it was suggested that the law enforcing needed to increase its efficiency to mitigate stock theft.

Purpose: This study sought to analyze policy approaches to combat livestock theft and enhance security. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to policy approaches to combat livestock theft and enhance security. Preliminary empirical review revealed that a multi-faceted approach is essential to effectively address livestock theft. It emphasized the importance of integrating legislative measures, technological innovations, community-based initiatives, and enhanced law enforcement efforts. Technologies like GPS tracking and RFID tags were found effective but required financial support for widespread adoption. Community involvement and education were highlighted as critical for local surveillance and theft prevention. The study also underscored the need for robust legislative frameworks and international cooperation to deter theft and ensure consistent enforcement Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Routine Activity Theory, Rational Choice Theory and Situational Crime Prevention Theory may be used to anchor future studies on policy approaches on combating livestock theft and enhance security. The study concluded that an integrated approach, including advanced security technologies, community involvement, and robust legislative frameworks, was essential for effectively reducing livestock theft. It highlighted the need for financial incentives to help farmers adopt GPS tracking and RFID tags, expanded community-based initiatives like Farm Watch, and stricter penalties for theft. The study also emphasized the importance of international cooperation for standardizing livestock identification practices and supporting cross-border law enforcement efforts. These recommendations aimed to enhance livestock security, mitigate financial losses, and improve community resilience Keywords: Livestock Theft, Livestock Security, Legislative Measures, Advanced Security Technologies, GPS Tracking, RFID Tags

The criminal act of theft is still a dilemma, and this seems a quite serious problem which requires any solution. The problems in this study are what factors cause the theft of livestock, and how the implementation of criminal legal sanctions is against the perpetrators of theft.This study uses descriptive methods through normative approach (legal research), which is based on the facts in the field approach to the problem, and is carried out by examining various legal aspects in terms of applicable regulations.The finding shows that the factors that cause the theft of livestock are economic factors, low appreciation to religion, family factors, environmental / social factors, unemployment, influence of mass media either TV or foreign films, influence of alcohol, and opportunity factor . In addition to these factors, there are objective factors and subjective factors. The implementation of criminal legal sanctions for the perpetrators of the theft is regulated in Article 363 of the Criminal Code. Keywords: Criminal Act, Theft, Livestock

Stock theft is among the major challenges faced by livestock farmers in South Africa. It has severe consequences especially for smallholder farmers, who collectively own a large share of the South African livestock herds but individually keep small herds. In recent years, technological improvements and innovations have made it possible to track livestock movements by using GPS animal tracking devices. Low-cost GPS has been developed and used elsewhere and in the local commercial sector. Given the well-known role of extension, i.e. information and technology dissemination, the possibility that smallholders adopt GPS animal tracking devices should be evaluated. However, very few studies have made a case for using this technology in curbing stock theft among smallholder farmers. This review therefore addresses the likelihood that smallholder livestock farmers in South Africa adopt GPS animal tracking devices to mitigate the impact of stock theft. Using a semi-systematic and a snowball literature review approach, we consulted and reviewed the relevant literature and official statistics relating to stock theft and smallholder livestock farming. Results from the reviewed literature suggest that the likelihood of GPS animal tracking device adoption by smallholders will depend on a) the awareness about the devices and how they work, b) the acuteness of stock theft for a farmer and how livestock contributes the farmer’s livelihood, and c) the income level, access to mobile phones and risk behaviour of farmers. Our literature findings identify areas for future research and may help agricultural extension personnel with future research topics.

The crime of theft is still a dilemma and is a serious problem and requires a solution. The problems in this study are how to regulate criminal law against the crime of livestock theft in the case of the Kisaran District Court Decision Number 694/Pid.B/2021/PN Kis, how is the responsibility of the perpetrators of the crime of livestock theft in aggravating circumstances, how is the judge's legal considerations in the Court's Decision Negeri Kisaran Number 694/Pid.B/2021/PN Kis. This study uses a descriptive method through a normative approach (legal research), namely an approach to problems, carried out by examining various legal aspects in terms of applicable regulations. The results of the research on the criminal law regulation of the crime of livestock theft in the case of the Kisaran District Court Decision Number 694/Pid.B/2021/PN Kis is regulated in Article 363 Paragraph (1) 1st, 3rd 4th and 5th of the Criminal Code. The responsibility of the perpetrators of the crime of theft of livestock in aggravating circumstances is the fulfillment of all the elements in accordance with the articles imposed by the defendants and there is no justification and excuse for the actions committed by the defendants, and it is considered that the defendant is able to account for his actions, then the defendants must take responsibility for their actions. responsible for the actions in accordance with the decision handed down by the Panel of Judges, by serving a prison sentence of 10 (ten) months each.

Opening ParagraphFrom the earliest years of colonial government in Kenya, cattle raiding by Africans against their neighbours, and in particular livestock thefts from European farmers, presented the administration with their most persistent policing problem in the rural areas of the colony. As the period of colonial rule in Kenya was drawing to a close, reported cases of stock theft were once again showing a sharp increase, climbing from 1578 cases in 1955 to 4243 in 1962 (Kenya Police Dept, 1955 and 1962). In a pattern by then familiar to the Kenya administration, this prompted the renewal of demands from the European settler community for more extensive and concerted government action to deal with the activities of the thieves. Settler opinion held that the continuing prevalence of stock theft had much to do with the ‘social prestige’ attached to the crime in many African communities. The unwillingness of the African public to assist in the prevention and detection of stock theft had long been interpreted as a tacit sanctioning of such theft, leading to the conclusion that, within the ‘moral economy’ of many African communities, stock theft was not thought of as a crime at all. ‘After all,’ commented the Provincial Commissioner of the Rift Valley Province in 1959, ‘stock theft is the traditional sport of the young men of many tribes, and the elders cannot be expected to act as kill-joys and stamp it out unless they themselves are liable to suffer.’ This view was applied most readily to the pastoralists of the Rift Valley and western Kenya, the Maasai and Kalenjin, who were commonly involved in crimes of this sort. The belief that stock theft was an acceptable form of accumulation within Kalenjin and Maasai society determined the nature of the legislation put forward by the colonial administration to deal with the crime. Policing and punishment were accordingly based upon the notion of collective responsibility for acts of stock theft, with wide powers to extend collective punishments to families, villages and even entire locations found to be implicated in thefts.

Введение: статья посвящена рассмотрению общих вопросов виктимологической профилактики краж скота, исходя из анализа судебной и правоприменительной практики, который свидетельствует о том, что данные преступления остаются распространёнными, несмотря на все меры, предпринимаемые государством. Общественная опасность данной преступной деятельности заключается в оказании влияния на общий уровень социального и экономического благополучия населения и его отдельных слоев. Одним из приоритетных направлений противодействия рассматриваемым преступлениям является профилактика. С учетом максимально эффективной направленности данной деятельности, представляется, что именно вовлечение жертвы в объект профилактического воздействия является наиболее востребованным и гуманным направлением. Виктимологическая профилактика как специализированная деятельность по устранению и нейтрализации факторов совершения краж скота путем работы с жертвами преступлений, способствует созданию более эффективной социальной защиты и, в конечном итоге, формированию высокого уровня правосознания и ответственности. В этой связи рассмотрение вопросов содержания (элементов профилактики) и претворения в жизнь выработанных мер виктимологической профилактики является той отправной точкой предупреждения, которая послужит наиболее качественному и системному подходу в рамках как предупреждения, так и борьбы с кражами скота. Материалы и методы:определение основных направлений виктимологической профилактики краж скота базируется на исследовании положений Декларации Организации Объединенных Наций о правах коренных народов, принятой 13 сентября 2007 г. и Европейской конвенции «О защите прав и основных свобод» от 4 ноября 1950 г. и юридической доктрины. Выводы, сделанные в работе, основаны на анализе статистических данных и материалов следственной и судебной практики рассмотрения краж скота. В ходе исследования были использованы формально-юридический и сравнительно-правовые методы, и методы дедукции, индукции, анализа, межотраслевого исследования, обобщения и описания. Результаты исследования: позволили обозначить основные направления осуществления виктимологической профилактики в рамках предупреждения краж скота, а также определить роль и степень участия жертвы и субъектов профилактической работы. Выводы и заключения: описание и раскрытие автором основных направлений осуществления виктимологической профилактики краж скота позволяет, в рамках дальнейших исследований, разработать комплекс рекомендаций в рамках деятельности субъектов профилактики с учетом общего и индивидуального подходов. В заключении сделаны выводы о необходимости дальнейшего совершенствования института виктимологической профилактики кражи скота как наиболее действенного и способного минимизировать совершение данных преступлений в будущем. Introduction: the article is devoted to the consideration of general issues of victimological prevention of livestock theft, based on an analysis of judicial and law enforcement practice, which indicates that these crimes remain common, despite all the measures taken by the state. The social danger of this criminal activity lies in influencing the general level of social and economic well-being of the population and its individual strata. One of the priority areas of countering the crimes in question is prevention. Taking into account the most effective direction of this activity, it seems that it is the involvement of the victim in the object of preventive action that is the most demanded and humane direction. Victimological prevention as a specialized activity to eliminate and neutralize the factors of livestock theft by working with crime victims contributes to the creation of more effective social protection and, ultimately, the formation of a high level of legal awareness and responsibility. In this regard, consideration of the issues of content (prevention elements) and implementation of the developed measures of victimological prevention is the starting point of prevention, which will serve as the most qualitative and systematic approach in the framework of both prevention and combating livestock theft. Materials and methods: determination of the main directions of victimological prevention of livestock theft is based on a study of the provisions of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, adopted on September 13, 2007 and the European Convention for the Protection of Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of November 4, 1950 and legal doctrine. The conclusions made in the work are based on the analysis of statistical data and materials of investigative and judicial practice of considering livestock thefts. In the course of the study, formal-legal and comparative-legal methods were used, and the methods of deduction, induction, analysis, cross-sectoral research, generalization and description. The results of the study: made it possible to identify the main directions for the implementation of victimological prevention in the framework of the prevention of livestock theft, as well as to determine the role and degree of participation of the victim and the subjects of preventive work. Findings and Conclusions: the description and disclosure by the author of the main directions for the implementation of victimological prevention of livestock theft allows, in the framework of further research, to develop a set of recommendations within the framework of the activities of prevention subjects, taking into account the general and individual approaches. In conclusion, conclusions are drawn about the need to further improve the institution of victimological prevention of livestock theft as the most effective and capable of minimizing the commission of these crimes in the future.

This qualitative research and case study analysis resulted from the dearth of information on livestock theft and the livestock theft perpetrators. The purpose of this study was to explore, describe and explain the criminal behaviour associated with livestock theft from a criminological point of view by compiling a sample-specific profile of the perpetrators. Interviews were conducted with 35 offenders, 28 case dockets were analysed and additional interviews were conducted with the SAPS STU members and victims to determine the modus operandi, motives and causes of the crimes. Criminological theories were applied to explain the offending behaviour. The findings of this study revealed that the livestock theft perpetrators come from diverse backgrounds regarding age, qualification status and socio-economic class. Their crimes were of an organised nature and the motives and causes revealed that financial intent was the main driving factor of the behind the thefts.
Dinyakisiso tsa boleng le tshekatsheko ya dinyakisiso tsa tiragalo di feleleditse ka tlhokego ya tshedimoso ka ga bohodu bja leruo le basenyi ba bohodu bja leruo. Maikemisetso a dinyakisiso tse e bile go utolla, go hlatholla le go hlalosa maitshwaro a bosenyi a go amana le bohudu bja leruo go ya ka lehlakore la tsa bosenyi ka go ngwala phrofaele ya mabapi le sampole ya mahodu a leruo. Dipoledisano di swerwe le basenyi ba 35, ditokete tsa melato di ile tsa sekasekwa gomme dipoledisano tsa tlaleletso di ile tsa swarwa le maloko a Lekala la Maphodisa leo le somago ka Bohodu bja Leruo le batswasehlabelo ka nepo ya go tseba mokgwa wo o somiswago ka bohodung bja leruo, maikemisetso le tseo di bakago bosenyi. Diteori ka ga dithuto tsa bosenyi di ile tsa diriswa go hlalosa maitshwaro a tshenyo. Dikutollo tsa dinyakisiso di utollotse gore basenyi ba bohodu bja leruo ba tswa maemong ao a fapanego mabapi le mengwaga, maemo a tsa thuto le maemo a ekonomi ya setshaba. Bosenyi bja bona ke bjo bo rulagantswego gomme maikemisetso le dilo tseo di bakago bosenyi di utollotse gore maikemisetso a tsa ditshelete, bojato, go iphedisa, tlhokego ya mesomo, boipuseletso, kgatelelo ya sethaka, maemo a setshabeng le tshomisobosaedi ya diokobatsi e bile dilo tse kgolo tseo di bakago bohodu.
Uhlaziyo locwaningo lwe-qualitative kanye ne-case study luvezwe wumphumela wokusweleka kolwazi ngokuntshontshwa kwemfuyo kanye nalabo abantshontsha imfuyo. Inhloso yalolu cwaningo ukuhlola, ukucacisa kanye nokuchaza ukuziphatha kobugebengu obuhambisana nokuntshontshwa kwemfuyo, ngokulandela izifundo zezobugebengu ngokwenza uhlaka olulula lohlobo lwalabo abenza lobu bugebengu. Kwenziwe izingxoxo zama-interview nabenzi bubugebengu abangu 35, kwahlaziywa namadokethi amacala kwabuye kwenziwa ama-interview namalunga ezamaphoyisa abhekene nokuntshontshwa kwemfuyo abe-Stock Theft Unit kanye nalabo abangamaxhoba okuntshontshelwa imfuyo, ukuthola indlela okusetshenzwa ngayo, isisusa kanye nembangela yobugebengu. Amathiyori ezifundo ngobugebengu asethenziswe ukuchaza indlela yokuziphatha kobugebengu. Okutholakele kucwaningo kuveze ukuthi izigebengu ezintshontsha imfuyo zivela emikhakheni ehlukene, maqondana neminyaka yobudala, izinga lemfundo kanye nesimo sezomnotho emphakathini. Ubugebengu yinhlobo yobugebengu obuhleliwe, kanti izisusa nezimbangela zikhombise inhloso yezezimali, ubugovu, ukuzama ukuziphilisa, ukusweleka kwemisebenzi, impindiselo, ingcindezelo ngontanga, isimo emphakathini kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ngezinye zezinto ezingumfutho obangela lokhu kuntshontshwa kwemfuyo.
Criminology and Security Science
M.A. (Criminology)

M. Tech. Policing
Residents in the Giyani Policing Area of Limpopo Province are witnessing a scourge of stock theft, with the inhabitants of surrounding communities living in fear and isolation for their livestock, and the protection and preservation, thereof. This study sets out to carefully analyse, and evaluate, the extent of stock theft in the Giyani Policing Area, taking all contributory factors into consideration, determining the relationship between the Giyani South African Police Service Stock Theft Unit and livestock owners, as well as looking at existing strategies (and their effectiveness) in response to stock theft crimes in that area.

Agricultural production in the Caribbean is being threatened by many factors such as decreasing availability of arable land, climate change effects such as increased incidences of flooding and drought, labour shortages, and competition from importers. However, one of the most important threats to agricultural production is the often under-recognised and under-reported area of farm theft (referred to as praedial larceny in the Caribbean). It involves the theft of agricultural produce (crops, livestock and fisheries) and farm equipment. One of the main reasons why this threat is so important is that theft of this type is very hard to prove. If indeed perpetrators are caught, and prosecuted successfully, the penalty is practically negligible. This paper examines the current status of farm theft in the Caribbean region, explores some of the main factors influencing farm theft, reviews some of the strategies attempted in the Caribbean and other places around the world and makes several suggestions to create a more secure food region. While the discussion calls on food producers to take several best practice actions to mitigate losses to praedial larceny, it emphasises that the primary responsibility is with government-led actions in the areas of modernised policies, updated laws and enhanced enforcement efforts.

Abstract Kraaling of cattle and sheep at night in order to safeguard them from predators and theft was central to livestock farming in South Africa. Millions of animals had to be driven, often long distances, to and from the pastures every day. By the 1870s there were increasingly frequent comments about the environmental problems caused by this practice. Those with botanical and geological interests had played the major role in elaborating and defining environmental ills at the Cape. In the late nineteenth century veterinary scientists became the key protagonists of reform in livestock management. Vets left behind them a large volume of literature, often in government publications—a testament to the importance of animal disease to the state. The first two Colonial Veterinary Surgeons made close links between the health of animals, agricultural productivity, and environmental conditions.

The aim of this paper is twofold. Firstly, a case will be made for the Old Norse myth of Thjalfi’s laming of Thor’s goat (chiefly attested in Gylfaginning 44) as a Scandinavian counterpart to two Ancient Greek myths, the myth of Hermes’s theft of Apollo’s cows (and slaughter of two of them), most extensively attested in the Homeric Hymn to Hermes, and the myth of Prometheus’s (attempted) deception of Zeus during the slaughter of a cow at Mekone, attested in Hesiod’s Theogony, whose several correspondences allow for the reconstruction of an ancient Indo-European tradition in which the aetiology of a ritual was connected with a mythological incident involving livestock. Secondly, an attempt will be made to reconstruct the corresponding ritual with the aid of insights from prehistoric archaeology.