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Ghodbani, Tarik. "Environnement et littoralisation dans l'Ouest algérien". Paris 8, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA083042.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe thesis deals with the problem of intensive coastal growth and its impacts on environmental in the western coast of Algeria, "From the slope of the Dahra Mountains eastward to Oued Kiss Westward". It focuses on the man – environment relationship by combining the knowledge of physical geography to human geography. It analyzes the different modes of occupation of the coastal area, and addresses the interactions between different components of the landscape at the ecological, economic and social level. The thesis is structured in three parts, and includes analysis based on case studies. The first deals with environmental issues by three entries: the disruption of coastal dynamics, the loss of biodiversity and degradation of the natural landscape. The second focuses on explaining the causes of degradation through the study of littoralization and its various mutations at the regional and local level. The third and final section is devoted to the study of management tools, the main actors involved and the use conflicts around the issue of environment and coastal land, in order to end up finall to a set of proposals for an integrated management of coastal areas in Algeria, in general, and the west coast in particular. Two methods are applied: one diachronic and the other multiscalaire. The diachronic, deals with evolution over time, of the interactions between coastal occupation and natural landscape. The multiscalaire, deals with an analysis of various phenomena through several layers of scales, from local to global, and vice versa
Besset, Manon. "Morphodynamique récente, évolution et vulnérabilité des littoraux deltaïques : une analyse globale". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/171122_BESSET_150scdmpz142i993bv93l_TH.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaRiver deltas are rich and fragile ecosystems. Deltas depend on fluvial sediment supply to balance natural subsidence and erosion caused by waves and currents. Deltas are mainly affected by river flooding, marine submersion. However, deltas are strategic sites of human settlement, economic hotspots, and geopolitical issues. This attraction increases the pressure, rendering these deltas more and more exposed to risks and vulnerable.The main objective of this thesis is to analyze the past and present functional dynamics of delta shorelines based on 60 of the world’s deltas and a holistic and systemic approach with spatial, environmental, and societal data. After the study of recent coastal evolution showing a tendency to decreasing progradation of many deltas, a conceptual and qualitative classification of deltaic morphology based on fluviomarine influences was conducted. Updating of this classification and the proposal of new approaches, in terms of morphology, dynamics, and vulnerability, have necessitated revisiting these older schemes, and the adoption of a methodological and interpretative approach aimed at quantification of the weight of each of these three parameters showing the complexity of the interactions. The thesis proposes a new quantitative and objective classificatory framework, including the human dimension. Finally, the thesis highlights the responses of deltaic shorelines to exceptional perturbations, and highlights the limits of resilience. The thesis advises over the impact of humans on these fragile coastal environments, the equilibrium of which strongly depends on sediment supply. This fragility is further exacerbated by the impacts of climate change
Saffache, Pascal. "Le littoral martiniquais : milieux, dynamiques et gestion des risques". Antilles-Guyane, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AGUY0035.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe evolution of Martinique's coastline is a source of worriness. Indeed, from 1955 to 1996, more than 90 kms of coast have receded of about 20 meters in average. At the bottom of bays and culs-de-sac, hundreds of thousands tons of sediments have piled up, thus encouraging the rising of depths and the necrosis of corals. The phenomena have continually grown ; until then, none had studied the various components of the coastline and their modes of functioning. Martinique's coastline is made up of four distinct physical entities : sandy and muddy coves, rivers and cliffs mouths. These four entities result from the same influences : earth, sea and submarine influences. The erosion of the septentrional coastline shows two characteristics. First, geological, bathymetric and hydrodynamic elements combine to erode the coast. Second, man's influence just amplifies those mentioned above. The modes of fattening of culs-de-sac are simpler, for they result from the erosive process of slopes basins completed by the fixing influence of plants growing on salt grounds and more usually by the geographic confinement. In spite of the disturbances created by these dynamics, there exists no regional policy of coast conservation. We propose to remedy it by modelling the coastline, by estimating the cost of coast damages and by systematically studying the environment before any regional development
Klein, Judith. "Protéger le littoral dans les départements français d'outre-mer". Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040250.
Pełny tekst źródłaCaulet, Charles. "Les plages sableuses en environnement macro-tidal : de l'influence de la pente sur les processus morphodynamiques". Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0079/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis PhD work is focused on the morphodynamic of a pocket beach, located in a macrotidal environment. The beach type is intermediate, with a low tide terrace. The study is based on in situ observations, collected during field campaigns organized during the PhD. The objective is to characterize the beach slope impact on hydrodynamics processes and beach morphology. The water levels dynamic, infragravity waves propagation and turbulence generation in the swash zone, are examined and linked to the beach slope variability.The empirical formulations proposed in the literature show large under-estimations of water levels in the site. Empirical formulations adapted to the beach are proposed.The characteristic break slope presents along the cross-shore profile of low tide terrace beaches is studied. The variability of the break slope location is relevant to explain the short term accommodation of the beach. Under incident wave energy, the location of the beach slope moves shoreward, allowing higher wave dissipation by the low tide terrace. Nevertheless, the reflective part is reduced, which leads to a vulnerable state of the upper beach under strong forcing associated with high tide. The location of the beach slope is found to be a good indicator of the beach vulnerability under a given wave forcing. It provides valuable information in the globalized beach erosion context
Boisson, Antoine. "Caractérisation et modèles d'évolution des environnements côtiers du Nunavik, Québec, Canada". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36623.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis focuses on the coastal environments of Nunavik (Quebec territory north of the 55th parallel), which had only been studied very briefly until now, both in space and over time. This research is unique in that no integrated study had yet been conducted in the field of coastal geomorphology on all the coasts of Nunavik. Most of these coasts are emerging due to a decrease in relative sea level because of the glacial isostatic adjustment. This geophysical characteristic has major consequences on the formation, morphology and evolution of Nunavik’s coastal environments. It also contributes to the mitigation of coastal risks. This thesis, mainly descriptive, addresses several aspects of Nunavik’s coasts: basic knowledge of coastal types through segmentation and classification work; a complete state of the art of climatic, cryogenic, geological and hydrodynamic conditions, which have shaped the coasts since the beginning of deglaciation; coastal hazards and risks; the study of specific geomorphological features such as boulder barricades as well as the De Geer moraine, esker and drumlinoid coastlines and the temperature regime of epigenetic permafrost on a rapidly emerging coast.
Clavé, Bérengère. "Évolution des paléo-environnements côtiers à l'Holocène : exemple de l'Aquitaine septentrionale". Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12413.
Pełny tekst źródłaHoussein, Abdi Yassin. "La côte continentale du Pertuis Breton, du début du XVIIIe siècle à la fin du Second Empire : évolution et aménagement du littoral depuis la Tranche-sur-Mer jusqu'au nord de La Rochelle". Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LAROS013.
Pełny tekst źródłaBetween the beginning of the 18th century and the end of the Second Empire, the continental coast of the Pertuis Breton experienced a significant evolution. It is composed of three singular, dynamic and correlated geomorphological landscapes: a marshy area, a dune zone and a cliff coast. These environments underwent slow natural transformations which led to the creation of the sandy spits of Arcay and Aiguillon which form a large dune belt. The latter is fed by a considerable transport of sand from west to east by littoral drift. These sediment movements are subject to the influence of hydrodynamic agents. The rise in oceanic waters leads to the progressive clogging of the Gulf of the Pictons with sediment of fluvio marine origin. This process is at the origin of the formation of the Aiguillon Cove and the Poitevin Marsh. These environments also go through brutal natural transformations due to extreme climatic phenomena. This study also highlights the role of human influence in the evolution and modification of their coastline. Developments are particularly visible in the Marais Poitevin. Between the Middle Ages and the 19th century, this territory was the focus of a major transformation that greatly modified its ecosystem. This wetland was drained by the creation of canals, dykes and locks. Thanks to the draining carried out by the marsh companies, agriculture and livestock farming flourished and gradually replaced the flooded lands, which were considered unsanitary. The marshes then experienced an influx of people. The State is present on this coastline through the Admiralty under the Ancien Régime or the administration of the Ponts et Chaussées in the 19th century
Mahmoud, Haya. "La côte d’Emeraude : forçages météorologiques et anthropiques sur la morphodynamique littorale". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN20055/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis PhD deals with the geomorphologic behavior of the Northern coast of Brittany between the Pointe du Grouin and Cap Frehel. The coastline is comprised of four coastal systems: low coasts (marsh system, and dune system) and rocky coasts (hard rock cliffs, soft rocks cliffs). The dynamics of these systems is controlled by transfers of energy and sediment (from source sites to sink sites). The variation of these transfers in time and space modifies the sedimentary stock and therefore the rate of morphological evolution of the coastline. The dunes / soft cliffs association puit sites and source sites) are especially sensitive to these variations and show many erosion processes and features. Moreover the increase in anthropogenic pressures since the 60s has led to increasing artificial coastal areas. In this context, we trace the recent mobility of the coastline and we try to identify the main types of morphodynamics behavior in the evolution of coastal forms. The analysis is based on the digital processing aerial photography in order to quantify the trends of the evolution. The analysis links the changes with a GIS database describing the factors controlling the evolution of the coastline. Results show that retreat is controlled by accelerated erosion process during storms and by anthropogenic processes. The sediment deficit of some beaches may be related to a shortage of inputs from the soft cliffs. The respective roles of storms and anthropic forcing are highly variable from one site to another and no general rule may be constructed for the entire region
Sipka, Vincent. "Les plages macrotidales du nord pas de calais contexte environnemental et caracterisation morphodynamique". Littoral, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DUNK0022.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe coast of northern france exhibits wide macrotidal ridge and runnel beaches associated with coastal dunes onshore and numerous sand banks offshore. Hydrodynamic conditions are associated with strong tidal currents and periodic storms in an essentially fetch-limited environment modally dominated by low energy wind waves. Wave and current measurements were carried out in the course of numerous surveys of the morphology, sediments and bedforms of several beaches in order to define the morphodynamics of these ridge and runnel beaches. Profile surveys highlight marked inter-site and intrasite morphological variability, some beach sectors being quite stable while others show marked mobility with little change, however, in profile volume. The beaches may be divided into three zones: a lower beach dominated by longshore tidal current action, and mid- and upper beach zones that reflect wave dominance, even under low wave conditions, and significant cross-shore current activity related to both tides and waves. Field observations show that wave behaviour near breaking conditions is strongly affected by local depth during the vertical tidal excursion. The ridge and runnel morphology also plays an important role in channelling flows of swash bores and tide water. Short-term macro-scale variability probably reflects the influence of variable background conditions (coastal erosion, accretion, tidal range, exposure to storms and tidal currents. . . ). The morphodynamic characterization of these beaches is a preliminary step in understanding cross-shore coastal sediment exchanges as well as longshore sediment cell dynamics
Savouret, Edwige. "Le concept d'évènement géographique : approche et réflexions à partir de l’étude environnementale et sociétale des impacts littoraux induits du Débarquement de Normandie du 6 juin 1944". Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN1498.
Pełny tekst źródłaDesgre-Audouit, Christelle. "L' étude de la fréquentation et de ses impacts sur le littoral languedocien". Montpellier 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON30078.
Pełny tekst źródłaAn important and varied population frequents the Languedoc-Roussillon coast. Indeed following a French determined politics of development to increase tourism (Mission Racine, 1963 - 1982) this coast has become the fourth most important tourist region of the country. To this seasonal human pressure another one has appeared for about ten years: the one of the permanent population who increases a lot with the newcomers. Tourists, nearby and local population (who embed the newcomers) have different perceptions and practices of the coast areas. From these different perceptions and practices, several “Territorialisation” processes appear. To reduce the conflicts and the environment damages due to sometimes inadequate organized human frequentation, it is necessary to act while enhancing the cultural identities linked to the coast some of them are in complete evolution. In this context, politics and administrators show strongly their wishes to find a balance between a demographic increase and inheritance protection. Indeed, a thought and tools have been developed to achieve this aim. To understand and eventually to analyze a territory frequentation we must answer to six key questions: How many people? Who are they? Where do they come from? What are their practices? Why do they come here and not somewhere else? What are the impacts due to the frequentation? The understanding and the analysis of the territorial dynamics (mutations, the way the areas are appropriated, the practices) for the frequentation and its impacts on the sensitive natural areas of the coast rely on the combination of the results of the frequentation studies, perception enquiries and the observation data of the Earth. Through an experimental research on the both well distinguished territories, Leucate and “palavasiens” lagoons, we will show developed indicators, as well as the used method to try to define some carrying capacity thresholds
Dritsas, Sophoclis E. "Organisation et gestion du littoral - évaluation des ressources humaines : réfugiés environnementaux et aménagement du territoire en Europe et en Méditerranée : Etudes de cas : La Gironde (L’estuaire) en France et Thessalonique (Les deltas d’Axios-Loudias-Aliakmonas) en Grèce". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0078/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe present thesis seeks to define a conceptual framework in order to examine the populationmovements related to environmental risks. For about twenty years, several terms haveemerged to describe thedisplaced people such as: environmental refugees, eco-refugees,climate refugees or eco-migrants. The terms and the status attributed to these populations arelargely dependent on the nature, strength and speed of the environmental event contributing totheir displacement. It is therefore necessary to specify the criteria in order to avoid anyconfusion and to be able to assess the physical flows generated by the environmentaldisasters. Our analysis is focused on the risks of submersion and inundation along the coastand in the delta areas associated with rise in the sea levels. In view of these increasing risks, it is absolutely necessary to set up a "proactive strategy", based on the triptych protection -prevention - anticipation. For each type of risk considered, this strategy requires, beyond thedelimitation of the geographical areas concerned, quantification and qualification of thepotentially affected populations. Consequently, the main aspect of our problematic combinestwo types of vulnerability:the firstdue to environmental disasters’ risks such as floods and thesecondto increasing population pressure. Finally, we chose to examine in our study two areashighly subjected to flood risks such as the Gironde estuaryin France and the Axios -Loudias-Aliakmonas Deltas in Central Macedoniain Greece trying to estimate the potential size ofpopulation movements in 2025 and 2050
Besset, Manon. "Morphodynamique récente, évolution et vulnérabilité des littoraux deltaïques : une analyse globale". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0326/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaRiver deltas are rich and fragile ecosystems. Deltas depend on fluvial sediment supply to balance natural subsidence and erosion caused by waves and currents. Deltas are mainly affected by river flooding, marine submersion. However, deltas are strategic sites of human settlement, economic hotspots, and geopolitical issues. This attraction increases the pressure, rendering these deltas more and more exposed to risks and vulnerable.The main objective of this thesis is to analyze the past and present functional dynamics of delta shorelines based on 60 of the world’s deltas and a holistic and systemic approach with spatial, environmental, and societal data. After the study of recent coastal evolution showing a tendency to decreasing progradation of many deltas, a conceptual and qualitative classification of deltaic morphology based on fluviomarine influences was conducted. Updating of this classification and the proposal of new approaches, in terms of morphology, dynamics, and vulnerability, have necessitated revisiting these older schemes, and the adoption of a methodological and interpretative approach aimed at quantification of the weight of each of these three parameters showing the complexity of the interactions. The thesis proposes a new quantitative and objective classificatory framework, including the human dimension. Finally, the thesis highlights the responses of deltaic shorelines to exceptional perturbations, and highlights the limits of resilience. The thesis advises over the impact of humans on these fragile coastal environments, the equilibrium of which strongly depends on sediment supply. This fragility is further exacerbated by the impacts of climate change
Ouchaou, Rachid. "Evolution morphosédimentaire de la plaine maritime flamande depuis l'Antiquité : apport des prospections géoradar à la géoarchéologie". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILR081.
Pełny tekst źródłaGround-penetrating radar (GPR) is a non-destructive geophysical prospecting tool used to image the finest discontinuities of the underground where the soil is not too conductive. GPR equipment was acquired in 2020 by the Oceanology and Geosciences Laboratory (LOG), which gave rise to bachelor's and master's internships supervised as part of this thesis, as well as academic and industrial collaborations. The first part of the results presented in this memoir is a summary of the surveys carried out on a variety of targets to test the method. GPR gives excellent results on wind-blown sands, and makes it possible to reconstruct the evolution of the coastal dunes affected by climate change. Examples of very-high resolution architectures are provided on the Slack and Pilat dunes. The combined use of different GPR antennas allows describing the mechanisms of sand erosion and deposition, from the scale of seasonal events to that of dune construction on a millennial scale. The backshore area is also explored. The Flemish coastal plain contains sandbodies of kilometer extension, partly buried under the silt of the polders, and which are strategic both for water resources and for the diversity of natural environments. One of the best known is the Ghyvelde fossil dune, an area managed by the Coastal Conservatory. The GPR profiles carried out on the Ghyvelde dune make it possible to image a few meters below the dune a sandy unit of marine or estuarine origin. The polders themselves constitute a target, against all expectations given the clayey and conductive component of these lands. By previously stripping the topsoil, the GPR signal penetrates sufficiently (4m) to image the last channels that drained the plain before it dried up. Finally, two examples show the potential of GPR in geological studies of deeper sedimentary or rocky layers. In the Brussels sands of the Leuven region (Belgium), a penetration depth of more than 30 meters was obtained with a low frequency antenna, making it possible to reconstruct the geometry of tidal sand bar cropping in a sand pit and thereby to guide the sand mining. In the faluns of Anjou, on the heritage and tourist geosite of Perrières, the profiles obtained show the possibility of perfectly imaging the architecture of the rock layers exposed in the subterraneous quarries. Profiles realized on the roads show the feasability of potential extensive mapping by installing the tool on a vehicle. The results obtained on these targets opened up possibilities for developing other areas of research in applied geosciences, particularly with regard to georesources, geoheritage, geohazards and geoenvironment. The memoir presents these different aspects through an article manuscript submitted for publication in a co-edited book produced for decision makers. The second part of the thesis results presented in this memoir is focused on the work done in collaboration with INRAP (the National Institute of Research in Preventive Archaeology) on the Flemish coastal plain. It justifies the title of the dissertation, and is the subject of a manuscript submitted for publication in an international peer-reviewed journal (The Depositional Record). This concerns the evolution since the Middle Age of the eastern bank of the paleo-Denna, a banch of the paleo-delta of the Aa river that had its mouth between Gravelines and Dunkirk. About 30km of GPR profiles acquired as part of the archaeological diagnosis prior to the extension of the Grand Maritime Port of Dunkirk were used to map the last estuarine channels and their evolution during land reclamation. They show progressive shift of the front dikes towards the west which resulted in replacement of the channel system by a continuous layer sandier than the underlying estuarine sediments. This ultimate deposit forms the substrate of the modern agricultural soil of the coastal plain