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Legoff, Nicolas. "Paysages littoraux africains : évolution de l'environnement dans un contexte d'ouverture ou d'usage renouvelé des espaces côtiers (Djibouti, Sénégal et Tunisie)". Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00509708.
Pełny tekst źródłaEgasse, Benjamin. "L'État, la fortification et le littoral lorientais : pouvoirs, économie et environnement d'un système défensif au XVIIIe siècle". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lorient, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORIL549.
Pełny tekst źródłaBetween 1695 and 1815, the harbor of Lorient located on the southern coast of Brittany hosts within it strategic economic and military activities of the kingdom of France. The tensions and Franco-British conflicts that enameled the eighteenth century make it necessary to secure this space. By successive campaigns, the Lorient coastline is endowed with a complete mesh of fortifications intended to protect the interests of the kingdom of France. The study of the construction of the defensive system of the Lorient coastline makes it possible to understand under which conditions the construction of the whole of this device is carried out and what are the effects of the implantation and the exploitation of the latter, by analyzing the political, technical, economic, military, social and environmental data of coastal development in the past. This development requires significant financial resources raised through the Tax. On the ground, the realization of the royal will is in the hands of the “engineers of the king” who in turn rely on the experience of building entrepreneurs who have been awarded the "king's business" in defense matters. This duo must work under tension in a tight financial, diplomatic and military context
Ghodbani, Tarik. "Environnement et littoralisation dans l'Ouest algérien". Paris 8, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA083042.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe thesis deals with the problem of intensive coastal growth and its impacts on environmental in the western coast of Algeria, "From the slope of the Dahra Mountains eastward to Oued Kiss Westward". It focuses on the man – environment relationship by combining the knowledge of physical geography to human geography. It analyzes the different modes of occupation of the coastal area, and addresses the interactions between different components of the landscape at the ecological, economic and social level. The thesis is structured in three parts, and includes analysis based on case studies. The first deals with environmental issues by three entries: the disruption of coastal dynamics, the loss of biodiversity and degradation of the natural landscape. The second focuses on explaining the causes of degradation through the study of littoralization and its various mutations at the regional and local level. The third and final section is devoted to the study of management tools, the main actors involved and the use conflicts around the issue of environment and coastal land, in order to end up finall to a set of proposals for an integrated management of coastal areas in Algeria, in general, and the west coast in particular. Two methods are applied: one diachronic and the other multiscalaire. The diachronic, deals with evolution over time, of the interactions between coastal occupation and natural landscape. The multiscalaire, deals with an analysis of various phenomena through several layers of scales, from local to global, and vice versa
Ansaud, Nathalie. "La prise en compte de la protection de l'environnement par le droit portuaire". Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE0039.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn a context of globalization of exchanges, seaports constitute an essential place of transition for the consummate goods and a centre of nautical leisure activities as reguards pleasure ports. Their activities, in a constant evolution, required considerable efforts of adaptation. The development of environmental laws, considering national, european and international ones, brought new challenges in search of the economic efficiency of seaports, requiring to define new policies of respectful managements of wildelife which surrounds them. Stakes then, will be to ensure their economic development while protecting of the public oder through the environmental protection, without provoking however a distortion of the economic competition. The present study will prove that seaports have a strong interest to enhance the notions of integrated management and will show the existing tools which ports are able to use and will propose new tracks, to aim at considering environmental protection within the framework of the harbour activities
Wade, Cheikh Tidiane. "Écosystème et environnement : problématique de la gestion durable des usages littoraux au niveau de la Grande Côte sénégalaise". Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010600.
Pełny tekst źródłaCapet, Yann. "La Recomposition du territoire littoral en France métropolitaine". Littoral, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DUNK0157.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe variety of the actors and the reduction of the legal instruments contribute to make of the coast a fragmented space. The movement of reorganization which gets territories today seems to be able to restore him a certain unity renewing there even the legal apprehension of which it was until then the object. The consolidation of the concept of Integrated Coastal Zones Management, at the same time as the development of the reorganization of territories, opens the way to a new conception of the relations maintained between law and littoral. The reorganization of the territories, as essential modality of the ICZM, open the possibility of restoring the unity of the coast, in the fact that it pulls the consequences of the maladjustment of the traditional administrative territories and that it restores the sector-based instruments drawn by the law in a global and unified perspective. The appeal to the notion of reorganization of the territory for the implemented of has ICZM renew connections between the law and the coast and tends to a certain extent to restore it in one system opened to the specificities. The coast is then envisaged under the angle of a general approach opened to the variety thanks to a revival of connections between law and territory. This hypothesis seems to authorize a new reading of the littoral problems by allowing to integrate at the same moment spaces, standards and actors in a management system the end of which is the sustainable development of the coast
Cazes-Duvat, Virginie. "Les littoraux des îles Seychelles (Mahé, Praslin, La Digue, Desroches) : de l'étude des processus dynamiques à la gestion des côtes sédimentaires". La Réunion, 1998. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/98_10_Cazes-Duvat.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis is a study of the coastal dynamics of four islands of the Seychelles archipelago, both mountainous (Mahe, Praslin, La Digue, granitic group) and coralline (Desroches, amirantes group). The aim of the first part of this work is to improve the understanding of the coastal processes including the impact of man. History of coasts and management are often referred to because they help understanding the present situation. On another hand, this study is practical; it was made at the scale of coastal sites so as to propose management tools. The cultural and political facts are taken into account at national and supranational levels. A method of beach rating and an assessment of the sensibility of coastal sites are proposed in order to contribute to the policy of sustainable development of the republic of Seychelles. They must be used for preventive and integrated coastal management and they can be applied to the coasts of other tropical islands
Jacob, Céline. "Approche géographique de la compensation écologique en milieu marin : analyse de l’émergence d’un système de gouvernance environnementale". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30001.
Pełny tekst źródłaMy research topic is multidisciplinary combining geography, ecology and economics and addressing the efficiency of current marine offset practice. Building on a state of the art of current practice, I am working on a more prospective approach (compared to current research on mitigation targeting terrestrial ecosystems). By offset, I am referring to legal mitigation that consists in avoiding – reducing – offsetting adverse impacts of development projects such as dredging, port infrastructure, oil exploration, marine aggregate extraction, beach nourishment, etc. on marine and coastal ecosystems. Based on a review of around fifty French marine Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs), I analyzed the assessment of impacts, the use of offset sizing methods (robust method to assess ecological losses due to development projects and ecological gains created by offset measures) and the kind of measures proposed. Within these EIAs, sizing methods were seldom used and the very few measures suggested to offset residual impacts could be questioned in terms of equivalency and appropriateness. These measures were either ecological engineering techniques (such as seagrass or coral restoration), management measures (used to reduce pressure on the impacted ecosystems through the funding of management measures in Marine Protected Areas for example) or even knowledge acquisition. Thus, I am also looking at the efficiency of ecological engineering techniques on marine and coastal ecosystems. My research mainly focuses on the offset of authorized impacts but could also deals with some aspects of the offset of accidental damages
Joveniaux, Aurélie. "Les enjeux géopolitiques de l'action du Conservatoire du littoral : la politique de protection des espaces naturels littoraux français : réalités et perspectives". Thesis, Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080076.
Pełny tekst źródłaSince 1975, the « Conservatoire du littoral » (Coastal Conservation Authority) has been tasked with leading land acquisition policy to preserve and valorize French natural coastlines through cooperation and in partnership with local communities. This state agency has been able to transform an apparent weakness (the inability to act on its own) into strength. Through the analysis of the elaboration of its new intervention strategy for 2015-2050 and six case studies, this dissertation studies the direction taken by this institution over forty years and its perspectives for further actions. The Conservatoire du littoral is an increasingly influential player in the dynamics of coastal territory planning. This work particularly highlights how the institution has become the mainstay in a multi-actor strategy to preserve natural coastal spaces and sustainably manage coastlines. Though in many ways stronger than before, the Conservatoire du littoral is nevertheless facing several issues to which it has to adapt. Its legitimacy rests in its ability to ensure the preservation and the promotion of a growing patrimony in a context of budgetary constraints shared with site managers. In order to pursue its missions and face the contemporary challenges of integrated management of coastal areas and adaptation to climate change, the institution has to develop a « good » territorial multi-scale approach for its actions
Niang-Freu, Fatou Kiné. "Tourisme et environnement littoral : les exemples de la Petite Côte et de la Grande Côte du Sénégal". Bordeaux 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR30062.
Pełny tekst źródłaTourism is the second economic activity generator of revenue in Senegal. On the Senegalese coastline, particularly on the Little Coast and the Great Coast, it relies on reliable assets. However, it is also a factor of socio-cultural, economic and spatial transformation of the coastline. Through its developed sites, infrastructures and activities, touristic development creates a new environment that is often perceived as deterioration. This area is facing contamination and damage caused by sources which are not linked to tourism. This leads inevitably to negative impacts on the sustainability of investments in tourism. The thesis offers, firstly, a geographical analysis of disequilibrium between the Great Coast and the Little Coast of Senegal. It studies then the different strategies of management and development of parks, reserves, and cultural and historical heritage. Thirdly, it tries to suggest perspectives and solutions for a sustainable development and management of tourism in Senegal
Morera, Raphaël. "Les assèchements de marais en France au XVIIè siècle (1599-1661) : technique, économie, environnement". Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010639.
Pełny tekst źródłaEvrard, Barbara. "La côte d'Albâtre comme terrain de jeux ? : aménagements, activités physiques et paysages vécus". Phd thesis, Rouen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ROUEL006.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work examines the meaning and impact of physical activities along the Upper-Normandy coast. The aim of this socio-geographical approach was to determine the types of territorial negotiations at work by analyzing the mediating factors from several angles : coastal transformations concern both usages and representations, as well as the management of choices in environmental planning. We sought to elucidate the reciprocal determination of the various cultures, social relationships, and spatial relations. The corpus contains 39 interviews, 949 completed questionnaires, 187 observation sheets, and documents from several sources (departments of urban planning, the journals of concerned parties, administrative reports). In addition to definig the physical activities, this work presents the profiles of the practitioners and identifies the various landscapes of experience. Four cases studies reconstruct the differences in scale, as well as the contradictory legitimacies that are involved (public/private, risk/security, sustainable development, etc. ). Beyond all discourse, is the Upper-Normandy coastline the object of "integrated management" ? What types of sharing and division do the recreational usages of this coastal area reflect ?
Evrard, Barbara. "LA CÔTE D'ALBÂTRE COMME TERRAIN DE JEUX ? AMÉNAGEMENTS, ACTIVITÉS PHYSIQUES ET PAYSAGES VÉCUS". Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00565235.
Pełny tekst źródłaChoblet, Claire. "Espace littoral et décisions d'aménagement : limites et potentialités des études d'impact et des enquêtes publiques : exemple du littoral atlantique français". Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010191.
Pełny tekst źródłaFlorez, Marion. "Le partage de l’espace en débat : de la confrontation des usages à la construction de modalités de cohabitation sur le littoral breton". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes 2, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022REN20054.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe densification of spaces, their over-frequentation, the multiplication of protection zones, the implementation of regulations, the increase in the real estate market, etc. are all problems associated with the conflictual sharing of coastal space. This research, which is the result of a scientific and financial collaboration between the DREAL Bretagne and the ESO Rennes laboratory, aims to take into account the plurality of ordinary conflictual situations that emerge around the issue of space sharing. The aim is not only to reveal what these configurations say about the relationships that actors have with space, the Other, nature and institutions, but also to reveal the plural effects of these situations on a space as small as the coastline. Through the investigation of case studies dealing with various issues and involving heterogeneous actors, the aim is to demonstrate the necessary and indisputable interest in taking into account all the actors concerned, to recognise their knowledge and their multiple assets and to legitimise their occupation of the space. Through the experimentation of a hybrid participatory approach, mixing methods from the human and social sciences (semi-directive interview and mental map) and animation techniques experimented by the State services (workshop, cartographic diagnosis, etc.), we highlight, beyond the inexorable nature of conflicts, the possibility and the importance of their valorisation as an essential contribution to the improvement of cohabitation and to the common construction of the space-at-risk that is the coastline
Dever, Thierry. "Mémoires et territoires à Regnéville-sur-Mer (Manche) : La vie et les conflits d'une société littorale entre autonomie et hétéronomie, d'aujourd'hui à la fin de l'Ancien Régime, face à son milieu naturel, à son environnement culturel, politique et à son avenir". Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN1675.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe notion of territory cannot be reduced to a strictly material fact, given its symbolic and identity significance. Territorial issues affect social practices drawn from the collective memory of Regnéville inhabitants that is structured by the many conflicts between them. The most bitter and protracted disputes originating from this coastal society stem from the extreme complexity of its territory which is both diversified, rich, complex and dynamic, but also a limited, restricted, coveted and fragile area. Four different levels of analysis allow special distinctions between them from the historical, sociological and anthropological points of view. The first one deals with the topic of “living together”, the value-based conflicts and lifestyles directly linked to Regnéville district and haven development plans. It highlights the mutual but conflicting expectations of the local residents, neo-rural dwellers and second-home owners. The second level refers to communal space and identity-based conflicts related to the merging of three parishes : Grimouville, Urville and Regnéville in 1795 when French departments were created. Special attention is paid to wetland management under communal ownership. The third level reveals the major economic importance of the District of Regnéville during the 19th Century, the conflicts of interest concerning the haven’s local and financial development and the ambiguous relationship between Capitalism and the French State. The last level relates to ecological space and current disputes about property, as regards contemporary industrial society expansion and intrusion, as well as the sanctuarization and re-appropriation of a territory
Eymery, Céline. "Du texte à la carte : contribution de la géographie à la traduction spatiale de la loi Littoral : application en Bretagne". Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0104/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis proposes a contribution of geography to the spatial translation of the Coastal Law (Loi Littoral). For many years, the coast has become a space under pressure. Law No 86-2 of 3 January 1986 relating to coastal development, protection and enhancement was developed to regulate land uses on the seaside, thus allowing the development of a rational urbanisation while protecting natural areas. In order to regulate the usage of coastal areas, diverse in nature, this "framework law" was deliberately designed and written with imprecise notions (urban clusters, near-shore areas, gaps in urbanisation, etc.). This imprecision was and still is leading to problems of interpretation by different players (politicians, State services, private landowners, etc.). The spirit of the Coastal Law is to encourage the consideration of local specificities when interpreting the notions of this law and translating it into spatial planning documents. In this context, the question of the relevance of geography in the interpretation of the Coastal Law, including the spatial distribution of these notions, is therefore of interest.The assumption that the interpretation of the Coastal Law can be deepened by "legal geography" is thus formulated. The thesis seeks to demonstrate by theoretical and methodological approaches that geography, by means of spatial analysis and mapping, allows us to appreciate these notions on the basis of local conditions as well as the choices made to develop and preserve every land. Thus, the use of geographical criteria can guide stakeholders towards an interpretation in line with the reality of the territories. In this context, tools and methods for spatial information are used with the help of a geographic information system (GIS) to map the different criteria and test different thresholds. The demonstration, implemented on Breton coastal communities, highlights that the choice of criteria and thresholds is undeniably dependent of the territory's project
Houssein, Abdi Yassin. "La côte continentale du Pertuis Breton, du début du XVIIIe siècle à la fin du Second Empire : évolution et aménagement du littoral depuis la Tranche-sur-Mer jusqu'au nord de La Rochelle". Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LAROS013.
Pełny tekst źródłaBetween the beginning of the 18th century and the end of the Second Empire, the continental coast of the Pertuis Breton experienced a significant evolution. It is composed of three singular, dynamic and correlated geomorphological landscapes: a marshy area, a dune zone and a cliff coast. These environments underwent slow natural transformations which led to the creation of the sandy spits of Arcay and Aiguillon which form a large dune belt. The latter is fed by a considerable transport of sand from west to east by littoral drift. These sediment movements are subject to the influence of hydrodynamic agents. The rise in oceanic waters leads to the progressive clogging of the Gulf of the Pictons with sediment of fluvio marine origin. This process is at the origin of the formation of the Aiguillon Cove and the Poitevin Marsh. These environments also go through brutal natural transformations due to extreme climatic phenomena. This study also highlights the role of human influence in the evolution and modification of their coastline. Developments are particularly visible in the Marais Poitevin. Between the Middle Ages and the 19th century, this territory was the focus of a major transformation that greatly modified its ecosystem. This wetland was drained by the creation of canals, dykes and locks. Thanks to the draining carried out by the marsh companies, agriculture and livestock farming flourished and gradually replaced the flooded lands, which were considered unsanitary. The marshes then experienced an influx of people. The State is present on this coastline through the Admiralty under the Ancien Régime or the administration of the Ponts et Chaussées in the 19th century
Bayeba, Marina Céline. "Gestion intégrée des zones côtières en Afrique de l'Ouest : le cas de la Côte d'Ivoire". Thesis, Littoral, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019DUNK0551.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe coastline is the subject of a very important economic, social and environmental issue. Its abusive exploitation makes it vulnerable, and exposes it to hazards reducing the hability of coastal ecosystems to preserve and maintain themselves. For the management of its coastline, Côte d'Ivoire has ratified almost all the Conventions and International agreements advocating the integrated management of this area. This objective is not easy to achieve because of this initial management sectorized but also because the fragmentation of skills and the lack of connection between the various issues related to conservation and protection of ecosystems benefits, cultural and economics of coastal areas. The search for coordination and coherence at the institutional, politicaln economic and legal levels is essential. Actions have been led, the adoption in 2014 of the law on the coast and the adoption of the new maritime code. These actions to be perfected must allow everyone to participate and facilitate access to justice
Zeggaï, Nassima. "Pour un développement intégré du Tourisme en Algérie : le cas du littoral algérois". Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040260.
Pełny tekst źródłaAlgeria is a producing and exporting country of hydrocarbons, but this revenue stream which made live more than 30 million inhabitants will be dried up in less than 30 years. The spectre of it after oil will show itself as we shall expect least unless no measure was taken to face it. One of the substitution solutions to hydrocarbons is to develop the sector of the tourism. It is an economic stake which will assure resources in currencies and their positive effects on the balance of payments. On the redundancy plan, it will allow to increase the employment knowing that there is a distance mattering between the demand and the offer regarding work. It is also an environmental stake because it requires the existence of quality potentialities to assure its sustainability.It is in this frame that we registered our research for a tourist development in Algeria in its integrated dimension, environment-friendly, by supporting our work by taking for study case Algiers, the capital being the showcase of the country. To do it, we established a current situation of the tourism in Algeria and the environmental impacts on the tourist spaces. The tourism is not developed in spite of the diversity of the potentialities and the multiple strategies of tourist development which followed one another. Besides, knowing that the tourist sector undergoes the impacts of the other activities on the environment, we detailed the sources of degradation by returning on the case of Algiers which shows well the catastrophic environmental situation which prevails in the country. ll this allowed to clear perspectives for a development integrated of the tourism on the coast of Algiers, which can be adapted to every entity of the algerian coast
Charrouf, Latifa. "Les problèmes d'ensablement des ports marocains sur la façade atlantique : leur impact sédimentologique sur le littoral". Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112205.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe Moroccan ports of the Atlantic Ocean and notably those existing on the South of Cape Cantin, where the littoral drift from North to South varies from 250. 000 to 800. 000 m³/year, have important accretion problems. The majority of those structures have been studied on mobile bed physical models and were followed by a study of their sedimentary evolutions, done on location. After having summarized natural geological, meteorological, oceanographical and sedimentological phenomena along the shoreline this thesis paper provides comparations between the model predictions and on-site observations and illustrates the different perturbations that coastal structures can make on littoral sediment equilibrum. The examples show particularly the influence of various types of sedimentary evolutions, suchas : - coastal structures implantation depth ; - formation of sand spit and tombolos - sand accumulation around structures - evolution of bars - sediment transport created by the disposition of certain breakwaters. This paper also provides some solutions that will likely reduce the accretion problems faced and the sedimentological impact of coastal structures on the shoreline
Cadoret, Anne. "Conflits d'usage liés à l'environnement et réseaux sociaux : Enjeux d'une gestion intégrée? Le cas du littoral du Languedoc-Roussillon". Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00176681.
Pełny tekst źródłaOn observe que des configurations spatiales récurrentes apparaissent quant à la localisation des conflits d'usage. Cependant, le mode d'expression et les formes de régulation diffèrent selon les types de territoires (lagunes, zones périurbaines, départements, communes, etc.) et les types de conflits (urbanisation et aménagements, protection des espaces et des espèces et gestion de l'eau et des déchets).
L'analyse des conditions d'émergence, des modes d'expression et des formes de régulation à une échelle locale révèle les interactions fortes entre les réseaux d'acteurs et les mutations spatiales. L'apparition d'un conflit bouleverse les pratiques et les représentations socio-spatiales. Les territorialités se redessinent et participent d'une part à la restructuration des réseaux d'acteurs, et d'autre part à l'évolution des stratégies et des comportements des acteurs qui influencent en retour l'organisation du territoire.
Dritsas, Sophoclis E. "Organisation et gestion du littoral - évaluation des ressources humaines : réfugiés environnementaux et aménagement du territoire en Europe et en Méditerranée : Etudes de cas : La Gironde (L’estuaire) en France et Thessalonique (Les deltas d’Axios-Loudias-Aliakmonas) en Grèce". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0078/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe present thesis seeks to define a conceptual framework in order to examine the populationmovements related to environmental risks. For about twenty years, several terms haveemerged to describe thedisplaced people such as: environmental refugees, eco-refugees,climate refugees or eco-migrants. The terms and the status attributed to these populations arelargely dependent on the nature, strength and speed of the environmental event contributing totheir displacement. It is therefore necessary to specify the criteria in order to avoid anyconfusion and to be able to assess the physical flows generated by the environmentaldisasters. Our analysis is focused on the risks of submersion and inundation along the coastand in the delta areas associated with rise in the sea levels. In view of these increasing risks, it is absolutely necessary to set up a "proactive strategy", based on the triptych protection -prevention - anticipation. For each type of risk considered, this strategy requires, beyond thedelimitation of the geographical areas concerned, quantification and qualification of thepotentially affected populations. Consequently, the main aspect of our problematic combinestwo types of vulnerability:the firstdue to environmental disasters’ risks such as floods and thesecondto increasing population pressure. Finally, we chose to examine in our study two areashighly subjected to flood risks such as the Gironde estuaryin France and the Axios -Loudias-Aliakmonas Deltas in Central Macedoniain Greece trying to estimate the potential size ofpopulation movements in 2025 and 2050
Abdel, Salam Mohamed Essam. "L'aménagement du littoral en Egypte : paysage, ville et tourisme sur le litoral de la mer Rouge, le cas de la zone d'Al Ghardaga-Safaga". Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA070080.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn Egypt, in the domain of the regional and urban planning, the concept of the landscape planning does not exist. The sectorial plans are the tools the most used where one decides on criteria and the precise objectives to apply to every sector of the coastline. The economic approach has become so the basis of an important number of the urban and tourist projects in particular for the coastal areas. But the landscape planning of the coastline relies on several aspects aesthetic, scientific and functional. Once the objective well specified it is necessary to use several social, economic, physical and ecological approaches. The Red Sea coast landscape suffered damage and deterioration for a long period of time notably the time of the oil industry development and moreover the period of the recent tourist development. The ecological quality of the urban zones deteriorated and it was the same for the maritime and interior zones. These recent years, the coastline suffered a disruption of its ecosystem. Cities and tourist villages developed separately, without economic or urbanistic links. Contrary to cities and their populations the tourism benefits by a great attention. The majority of the tourist zones have same relationships with Cairo or with the High Egypt more than with the other cities of the coast. Connecting together tourist villages with cities should be a crucial objective in the lands cape planning. This integration asks for massive changes in the urban ecology of the cities on the coast in order to adapt to the tourist activities. All tourist projects of the Red Sea coast have the same features. There is no diversity at the level of the benefits proposed to the tourists. The speed of the infrastructure development, so necessary in order to welcome the tourist activity in Al Ghardaqa-Safaga surroundings, reduced the natural zone surface. Lately, the tourist throng on the coastline decreased, and the offer exceeds the demand because both of international circumstances and the deterioration of the environment
Foury, Nazim Fouad. "L'effectivité des instruments de protection et d'aménagement du littoral méditerranéen : cas de l'Algérie". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0220.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe Algerian coastline is characterized by rich natural resources which offer important economic potential. Nonetheless, this part of the country finds itself victim of its own success and have to face a multitude of problems, especially the over-exploitation of its resources which have been amplified by a massive urbanization that is accelerated more and more, but also by pollution and a deterioration of the coastal areas. Moreover, and to best answer the numerous incoherencies that result from these multiple problems that hit the Algerian coastline, the state has to take necessary measures to find a right balance between the use of this space and its preservation. The thorough analysis of the institutional and legal framework put in place by the Algerian public authorities, proves the existence of a real inadequacy in terms of coastal governance, as well as incomplete judicial texts with regards to coastal preservation and development. The primary challenge of the government is to redress these shortcomings, by putting in place an integrated and global management policy of the coast that will allow a balanced and sustained development of this space
Devienne, Elsa. "Des plages dans la ville : une histoire sociale et environnementale du littoral de Los Angeles (1920-1972)". Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0092.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis dissertation explores the history of the Los Angeles shoreline and, more specifically, the city's famous beaches, from the 1920s through the early 1970s. I examine Los Angeles beaches not only as tourist attractions, but as urban spaces. Indeed, as vast public accommodations which attracted millions of people every year, the beaches generated heated debates regarding their development, accessibility, policing, and racial segregation. Contributing to environmental, cultural and social history, this dissertation takes into account the multiple historical actors - engineers, scientists, urban planners, local officials and homeowners - who attempted to transform and regulate the beaches according to competing visions, as well as the ordinary men and women who claimed their right to occupy and appropriate this space. My conclusions are divided into three main categories. First, I demonstrate that the beaches of Los Angeles are today mostly artificial; between the 1930s and the 1960s, the beaches were vastly enlarged thanks to the development of new techniques. Second, I show that the beaches were a place where the traditional social and racial hierarchies could momentarily be challenged. However, the postwar modernization of the beaches and the surrounding neighborhoods led to the eviction of the so-called undesirable public from the shores. Third, the beaches were the birthplace of multiple subcultures which contributed to the emergence and diffusion of new values and bodily norms, whether at the beach or in the city
Lanot, Jean-Michel. "La naturbanisation, concept et processus d'aménagement : gérer la fréquentation touristique des espaces naturels protégés". Pau, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PAUU1003.
Pełny tekst źródłaNaturbanization is a new word which is close to oxymoron. Yet the town and country plannings flourishing on the edge of protected territories seem to show that the two words are not so contradictory. That is why we will set out to prove that town and country plannings, relating back to specific social practices and representations and to some extend an idea of nature, are developping around natural areas
Sophie, Liziard. "Littoralisation de la Façade Nord-Méditerranéenne : Analyse Spatiale et Prospective dans le contexte du Changement Climatique". Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00927492.
Pełny tekst źródłaGraziani, Claire Taugeron. "Les dynamiques associatives dans la gestion du littorale en Corse". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23523.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe current question of Corsica’s coastal regions has been the subject of many debates. Various associations and citizen groups have made public their disapproval of the current politics surrounding the matter, stirring up many questions in regards to the current governance of the territory, problematic in the eyes of the associations and concerned citizens. This has lead to many territorial conflicts that have yet to be resolved. Therefore this research focuses on the diagnostics of the associations when the conflicts emerge. Also it is of interest to know the means of action used by these associations, their objectives, and the effects of their actions on the coastal governance.
Desgre-Audouit, Christelle. "L' étude de la fréquentation et de ses impacts sur le littoral languedocien". Montpellier 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON30078.
Pełny tekst źródłaAn important and varied population frequents the Languedoc-Roussillon coast. Indeed following a French determined politics of development to increase tourism (Mission Racine, 1963 - 1982) this coast has become the fourth most important tourist region of the country. To this seasonal human pressure another one has appeared for about ten years: the one of the permanent population who increases a lot with the newcomers. Tourists, nearby and local population (who embed the newcomers) have different perceptions and practices of the coast areas. From these different perceptions and practices, several “Territorialisation” processes appear. To reduce the conflicts and the environment damages due to sometimes inadequate organized human frequentation, it is necessary to act while enhancing the cultural identities linked to the coast some of them are in complete evolution. In this context, politics and administrators show strongly their wishes to find a balance between a demographic increase and inheritance protection. Indeed, a thought and tools have been developed to achieve this aim. To understand and eventually to analyze a territory frequentation we must answer to six key questions: How many people? Who are they? Where do they come from? What are their practices? Why do they come here and not somewhere else? What are the impacts due to the frequentation? The understanding and the analysis of the territorial dynamics (mutations, the way the areas are appropriated, the practices) for the frequentation and its impacts on the sensitive natural areas of the coast rely on the combination of the results of the frequentation studies, perception enquiries and the observation data of the Earth. Through an experimental research on the both well distinguished territories, Leucate and “palavasiens” lagoons, we will show developed indicators, as well as the used method to try to define some carrying capacity thresholds
Jacob, Céline. "Approche géographique de la compensation écologique en milieu marin : analyse de l’émergence d’un système de gouvernance environnementale". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30001/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaMy research topic is multidisciplinary combining geography, ecology and economics and addressing the efficiency of current marine offset practice. Building on a state of the art of current practice, I am working on a more prospective approach (compared to current research on mitigation targeting terrestrial ecosystems). By offset, I am referring to legal mitigation that consists in avoiding – reducing – offsetting adverse impacts of development projects such as dredging, port infrastructure, oil exploration, marine aggregate extraction, beach nourishment, etc. on marine and coastal ecosystems. Based on a review of around fifty French marine Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs), I analyzed the assessment of impacts, the use of offset sizing methods (robust method to assess ecological losses due to development projects and ecological gains created by offset measures) and the kind of measures proposed. Within these EIAs, sizing methods were seldom used and the very few measures suggested to offset residual impacts could be questioned in terms of equivalency and appropriateness. These measures were either ecological engineering techniques (such as seagrass or coral restoration), management measures (used to reduce pressure on the impacted ecosystems through the funding of management measures in Marine Protected Areas for example) or even knowledge acquisition. Thus, I am also looking at the efficiency of ecological engineering techniques on marine and coastal ecosystems. My research mainly focuses on the offset of authorized impacts but could also deals with some aspects of the offset of accidental damages
Thiaw, Diatou. "Vulnérabilité et Adaptation des territoires aux effets du changement climatique.Incitations globales, stratégies locales. Perspectives pour un développement territorial axé sur un suivi de l’utilisation de l’espace et des ressources dans les Communes de Mbour, Saly et Malicounda (Sénégal)". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV018/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe coast is now affected by different phenomena. Flooding, coastal erosion, biodiversity loss, land degradation ..., are all factors malfunction.The issues are both ecological, socioeconomic and political. The observation on urban and rural areas of Mbour, Saly and Malicounda shows vulnerabilities of both natural and anthropogenic. The observed changes may be specifically the effect of climate change; they also represent a continuation of situations switched by physical, social, economic, political, of territories. According to the perturbations studied, territories appear differently vulnerable. The destruction of homes and infrastructure, declining catches, revenues from fishing, tourism and agriculture are the impacts faced by different actors. The strategies developed are generally neither proactive nor effective. It also poses a problem of responsibility of actors in the mastery of disturbances and their dynamics in this strategic area economically. For a good risk management, this thesis calls for a real policy of regional planning and the establishment of an observatory
Guyot, Sylvain. "L'environnement contesté : la territorialisation des conflits environnementaux sur le littoral du Kwazulu-natal (Afrique du Sud : Kosi Bay, St Lucia, Richards Bay et Port Shepstone)". Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00363411.
Pełny tekst źródłaDelsinne, Nicolas. "Évolution pluri-millénaire à pluri-annuelledu prisme sédimentaire d'embouchure de la Seine.Facteurs de contrôle naturels et d'origine anthropique". Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011470.
Pełny tekst źródłaDanna, Charlotte. "Le principe de solidarité écologique". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2070.
Pełny tekst źródłaAdopted by article 2 from act nr 2016-1087 concerning the reconquest of biodiversity, nature and landscape of August 8th 2016, the principle of ecological solidarity calls “for taking into consideration the interactions of ecosystems, living creatures and natural or developed environments in all public decisions having a notable impact on the environment of the territories concerned”.This general principle of environmental law inscribed in article L110 1 of the environmental code is designed to preserve the interactions of ecosystems and ecological processes as well as to improve the environmental management of the territories. The duality of its objective renders it a highly valuable principle which should be applied to numerous decisions. Various supranational foundations, within jurisprudence and in international and European laws, can thus be assigned to it. In the context of ecological interdependence the evolution of the international and European dimension of the principle remains essential in order to see the benefits concerning the safeguarding of biodiversity. It is greatly enhanced, as regards internal law, by the fact that it is at the very center of the environment's equilibrium. It justifies the right to a balanced environment and extends the constitutional principles of prevention and sustainable development. Confronted with the crisis of world-wide biodiversity extinction that threatens our survival, the principle of ecological solidarity emerges as the last chance to preserve it. Two major groups of systems allow us to measure the dynamics of the principle of ecological solidarity: the green and the blue line belt network and the Ocean and coastline Governance Framework. They constitute a basis on which to develop ecological solidarity and represent the beginnings of new legislation. The principle of ecological solidarity requires them to be reinforced and more generally to advance all decisions concerned by the principle
Leclerc, Anne-Marie. "Ouvrages de protection du littoral : effets sur la morphologie des plages et sur les communautés benthiques intertidales, région de Saint-Siméon et de Bonaventure, baie des Chaleurs (Québec, Canada)". Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3692/1/M11542.pdf.
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