Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Lithium”
Kliknij ten link, aby zobaczyć inne rodzaje publikacji na ten temat: Lithium.
Utwórz poprawne odniesienie w stylach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard i wielu innych
Sprawdź 50 najlepszych artykułów w czasopismach naukowych na temat „Lithium”.
Przycisk „Dodaj do bibliografii” jest dostępny obok każdej pracy w bibliografii. Użyj go – a my automatycznie utworzymy odniesienie bibliograficzne do wybranej pracy w stylu cytowania, którego potrzebujesz: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver itp.
Możesz również pobrać pełny tekst publikacji naukowej w formacie „.pdf” i przeczytać adnotację do pracy online, jeśli odpowiednie parametry są dostępne w metadanych.
Przeglądaj artykuły w czasopismach z różnych dziedzin i twórz odpowiednie bibliografie.
1
Goldfuss, Bernd, i Frank Eisenträger. "Chiral ligand induced distortions: the origin of pyramidal three-coordinated lithium ions in the X-ray crystal structure of Lithium (1R,2R,4S)-exo- 2-[o-(dimethylaminomethyl)phenyl]-1,3,3-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-endo-2-olate". Australian Journal of Chemistry 53, nr 3 (2000): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch99184.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The X-ray crystal structure of dimeric lithium (1R,2R,4S)-exo-2-[o-(dimethylaminomethyl)phenyl]-1,3,3-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-endo-2-olate (2-Li)2 exhibits lithium ions with pyramidal environments of oxygen and nitrogen atoms. Ab initio (RHF/6-31+G*) computations of dimeric trimethylamine-coordinated lithium methoxide show that electrostatics disfavour the pyramidal distortions at lithiums in (2-Li)2 by 5.0 kJ/mol. ONIOM(B3LYP/6-31+G*:UFF) computations of (2-Li)2 as well as of (2-Li-b)2 and (2-Li-c)2, with one or two planar constrained lithium ion environments, reveal destabilizations of 32.2 and 97.5 kJ/mol, respectively, upon planarization at lithium. The destabilizations of planar coordinated lithiums in (2-Li-b)2 and (2-Li-c)2 arise from repulsions between methylamino groups and bicycloheptane moieties and give rise to the observed pyramidal environments at the lithiums in the X-ray crystal structure of (2-Li)2.
2
Mifsud, Simon, Kyle Cilia, Emma L. Mifsud i Mark Gruppetta. "Lithium-associated hyperparathyroidism". British Journal of Hospital Medicine 81, nr 11 (2.11.2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/hmed.2020.0457.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Lithium is a mood stabiliser widely used in the treatment and prophylaxis of mania, bipolar disorders and recurrent depression. Treatment with lithium can give rise to various endocrine and metabolic abnormalities, including thyroid dysfunction, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and hypercalcaemia. Lithium may induce hypercalcaemia through both acute and chronic effects. The initial acute effects are potentially reversible and occur as a result of lithium's action on the calcium-sensing receptor pathway and glycogen synthase kinase 3, giving rise to a biochemical picture similar to that seen in familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia. In the long term, chronic lithium therapy leads to permanent changes within the parathyroid glands by either unmasking hyperparathyroidism in patients with a subclinical parathyroid adenoma or possibly by initiating multiglandular hyperparathyroidism. The latter biochemical picture is identical to that of primary hyperparathyroidism. Lithium-associated hyperparathyroidism, especially in patients on chronic lithium therapy, is associated with increased morbidity. Hence, regular monitoring of calcium levels in patients on lithium therapy is of paramount importance as early recognition of lithium-associated hyperparathyroidism can improve outcomes. This review focuses on the definition, pathophysiology, presentation, investigations and management of lithium-associated hyperparathyroidism.
3
Baird-Gunning, Jonathan, Tom Lea-Henry, Lotte C. G. Hoegberg, Sophie Gosselin i Darren M. Roberts. "Lithium Poisoning". Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 32, nr 4 (11.08.2016): 249–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885066616651582.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Lithium is a commonly prescribed treatment for bipolar affective disorder. However, treatment is complicated by lithium’s narrow therapeutic index and the influence of kidney function, both of which increase the risk of toxicity. Therefore, careful attention to dosing, monitoring, and titration is required. The cause of lithium poisoning influences treatment and 3 patterns are described: acute, acute-on-chronic, and chronic. Chronic poisoning is the most common etiology, is usually unintentional, and results from lithium intake exceeding elimination. This is most commonly due to impaired kidney function caused by volume depletion from lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus or intercurrent illnesses and is also drug-induced. Lithium poisoning can affect multiple organs; however, the primary site of toxicity is the central nervous system and clinical manifestations vary from asymptomatic supratherapeutic drug concentrations to clinical toxicity such as confusion, ataxia, or seizures. Lithium poisoning has a low mortality rate; however, chronic lithium poisoning can require a prolonged hospital length of stay from impaired mobility and cognition and associated nosocomial complications. Persistent neurological deficits, in particular cerebellar, are described and the incidence and risk factors for its development are poorly understood, but it appears to be uncommon in uncomplicated acute poisoning. Lithium is readily dialyzable, and rationale support extracorporeal treatments to reduce the risk or the duration of toxicity in high-risk exposures. There is disagreement in the literature regarding factors that define patients most likely to benefit from treatments that enhance lithium elimination, including specific plasma lithium concentration thresholds. In the case of extracorporeal treatments, there are observational data in its favor, without evidence from randomized controlled trials (none have been performed), which may lead to conservative practices and potentially unnecessary interventions in some circumstances. More data are required to define the risk–benefit of extracorporeal treatments and their use (modality, duration) in the management of lithium poisoning.
4
Kavanagh, Laurence, Jerome Keohane, Guiomar Garcia Cabellos, Andrew Lloyd i John Cleary. "Global Lithium Sources—Industrial Use and Future in the Electric Vehicle Industry: A Review". Resources 7, nr 3 (17.09.2018): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources7030057.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Lithium is a key component in green energy storage technologies and is rapidly becoming a metal of crucial importance to the European Union. The different industrial uses of lithium are discussed in this review along with a compilation of the locations of the main geological sources of lithium. An emphasis is placed on lithium’s use in lithium ion batteries and their use in the electric vehicle industry. The electric vehicle market is driving new demand for lithium resources. The expected scale-up in this sector will put pressure on current lithium supplies. The European Union has a burgeoning demand for lithium and is the second largest consumer of lithium resources. Currently, only 1–2% of worldwide lithium is produced in the European Union (Portugal). There are several lithium mineralisations scattered across Europe, the majority of which are currently undergoing mining feasibility studies. The increasing cost of lithium is driving a new global mining boom and should see many of Europe’s mineralisation’s becoming economic. The information given in this paper is a source of contextual information that can be used to support the European Union’s drive towards a low carbon economy and to develop the field of research.
5
Felber, Werner, Michael Bauer, Ute Lewitzka i Bruno Müller-Oerlinghausen. "Lithium Clinics in Berlin and Dresden: a 50-Year Experience". Pharmacopsychiatry 51, nr 05 (14.06.2018): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0633-3450.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
AbstractAlthough lithium’s serendipitous discovery as a medication for depression dates back more than 200 years, the first scientific evidence that it prevents mania and depression arose only in the 1960s. However, at that time there was a lack of knowledge about how to administer and monitor lithium therapy safely and properly. The lithium clinics in Dresden and Berlin were remarkably similar in their beginnings in the late 1960s regarding patient numbers and scientific expertise without being aware of one another due to the Iron Curtain separating Germany into a western and eastern part until 1990. In what were initially lithium-care programs run independently from one another, the lithium clinics embedded in academic settings in Dresden and Berlin represent a milestone in the history of psychopharmacological treatment of affective disorders in Germany and trailblazers for today’s lithium therapy. Nowadays, lithium’s clinical applications are unquestioned, such as its use in strategies to prevent mood episodes and suicide, and to treat depression. The extensively documented knowledge of lithium treatment is the fruit of more than 50 years of observing disease courses and of studying side effects and influencing factors of lithium prophylaxis. Its safe and proper administration—in determining the correct indication, baseline and follow-up examinations, recommended dosages, monitoring, or the management of side effects—is well established. Subsequently, both national and international guidelines continue recommending lithium as the gold standard in treating patients with unipolar and bipolar disorders.
6
Vecera, Courtney M., Gabriel R. Fries, Lokesh R. Shahani, Jair C. Soares i Rodrigo Machado-Vieira. "Pharmacogenomics of Lithium Response in Bipolar Disorder". Pharmaceuticals 14, nr 4 (24.03.2021): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14040287.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Despite being the most widely studied mood stabilizer, researchers have not confirmed a mechanism for lithium’s therapeutic efficacy in Bipolar Disorder (BD). Pharmacogenomic applications may be clinically useful in the future for identifying lithium-responsive patients and facilitating personalized treatment. Six genome-wide association studies (GWAS) reviewed here present evidence of genetic variations related to lithium responsivity and side effect expression. Variants were found on genes regulating the glutamate system, including GAD-like gene 1 (GADL1) and GRIA2 gene, a mutually-regulated target of lithium. In addition, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) discovered on SESTD1 may account for lithium’s exceptional ability to permeate cell membranes and mediate autoimmune and renal effects. Studies also corroborated the importance of epigenetics and stress regulation on lithium response, finding variants on long, non-coding RNA genes and associations between response and genetic loading for psychiatric comorbidities. Overall, the precision medicine model of stratifying patients based on phenotype seems to derive genotypic support of a separate clinical subtype of lithium-responsive BD. Results have yet to be expounded upon and should therefore be interpreted with caution.
7
Almeida, Pedro Amadeu, Filipa Caldas, Inês Homem de Melo, Ana Maria Moreira i Gustavo França Santos. "Premature Ejaculation after Lithium Treatment in a Patient with Bipolar Disorder". Case Reports in Psychiatry 2023 (9.01.2023): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6156023.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Lithium has proven its efficacy in treating bipolar disorder. Severe side effects caused by lithium, including renal and endocrine outcomes, have already been amply documented. The impact of lithium on sexual function, however, is less well known. A 33-year-old man, with no past medical history, diagnosed with bipolar disorder, developed premature ejaculation after short-term use of lithium. The dose of lithium was reduced, leading to a rapid clinical resolution. Retrospectively, lithium-induced premature ejaculation was deemed the most likely diagnosis. Premature ejaculation is a rare side effect of lithium. Changing the time of medication administration and lowering dose could be considered as alternatives. Given lithium’s pharmacological profile, it is likely that the pathophysiologic mechanism behind premature ejaculation is altered levels or altered serotonin receptor sensitivity in the ejaculatory modulating centers of the central nervous system. Given the reluctance to spontaneously report sexual adverse effects, clinicians should be aware of this possible side effect.
8
Leite, R. Almeida, M. Almeida, J. Borges i A. Costa. "Lithium in severe affective disorders: Balancing safety with efficacy". European Psychiatry 64, S1 (kwiecień 2021): S778. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2060.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
IntroductionLithium has been one of the oldest substances used in psychiatric treatments and remains the first-line treatment for prevention of manic and depressive episodes of bipolar disorder (BD), but it has also a wide spectrum of side-effects.ObjectivesThe goal is to review efficacy, and clinical use of lithium, such as its side effects, and its benefit-to-risk ratio.MethodsNon-systematic literature review based on scientific databases such as PubMed.ResultsThe first modern use of lithium was for the treatment of mania. Lithium has also proven useful in major depression, particularly for augmentation of antidepressants, for aggressive behavior and it has a specific antisuicide effect. Lithium’s prophylactic and antisuicidal effects are most unique. However, the use of lithium became problematic due to the serious toxicity since lithium also a narrow therapeutic index, with therapeutic levels between 0.6 and 1.5 mEq/L.ConclusionsAwareness of the benefits and risks of lithium is essential for the use of this lifesaving agent. Lithium levels must be carefully monitored and lithium dosage adjusted as necessary.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
9
Becchetti, A., i M. Whitaker. "Lithium blocks cell cycle transitions in the first cell cycles of sea urchin embryos, an effect rescued by myo-inositol". Development 124, nr 6 (15.03.1997): 1099–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.124.6.1099.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Lithium is a classical inhibitor of the phosphoinositide pathway and is teratogenic. We report the effects of lithium on the first cell cycles of sea urchin (Lytechinus pictus) embryos. Embryos cultured in 400 mM lithium chloride sea water showed marked delay to the cell cycle and a tendency to arrest prior to nuclear envelope breakdown, at metaphase and at cytokinesis. After removal of lithium, the block was reversed and embryos developed to form normal late blastulae. The lithium-induced block was also reversed by myo- but not epi-inositol, indicating that lithium was acting via the phosphoinositide pathway. Lithium microinjection before fertilization caused arrest prior to nuclear envelope breakdown at much lower concentrations (3-5 mM). Co-injection of myo-inositol prevented the block. Microinjection of 1–2 mM lithium led to block at the cleavage stage. This was also reversed by coinjection of myo-inositol. Embryos blocked by lithium microinjection proceeded rapidly into mitosis after photolysis of caged inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. These data demonstrate that a patent phosphoinositide signalling pathway is essential for the proper timing of cell cycle transitions and offer a possible explanation for lithium's teratogenic effects.
10
Lima, Thiago Zaqueu, Miriam Marcela Blanco, Jair Guilherme dos Santos Júnior, Carolina Tesone Coelho i Luiz Eugênio Mello. "Staying at the crossroads: assessment of the potential of serum lithium monitoring in predicting an ideal lithium dose". Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 30, nr 3 (wrzesień 2008): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-44462008000300007.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
OBJECTIVE: Lithium has been successfully employed to treat bipolar disorder for decades, and recently, was shown to attenuate the symptoms of other pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease, Down's syndrome, ischemic processes, and glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity. However, lithium's narrow therapeutic range limits its broader use. Therefore, the development of methods to better predict its dose becomes essential to an ideal therapy. METHOD: the performance of adult Wistar rats was evaluated at the open field and elevated plus maze after a six weeks treatment with chow supplemented with 0.255%, or 0.383% of lithium chloride, or normal feed. Thereafter, blood samples were collected to measure the serum lithium concentration. RESULTS: Animals fed with 0.255% lithium chloride supplemented chow presented a higher rearing frequency at the open field, and higher frequency of arms entrance at the elevated plus maze than animals fed with a 50% higher lithium dose presented. Nevertheless, both groups presented similar lithium plasmatic concentration. DISCUSSION: different behaviors induced by both lithium doses suggest that these animals had different lithium distribution in their brains that was not detected by lithium serum measurement. CONCLUSION: serum lithium concentration measurements do not seem to provide sufficient precision to support its use as predictive of behaviors.
11
Tobe, Brian T. D., Andrew M. Crain, Alicia M. Winquist, Barbara Calabrese, Hiroko Makihara, Wen-ning Zhao, Jasmin Lalonde i in. "Probing the lithium-response pathway in hiPSCs implicates the phosphoregulatory set-point for a cytoskeletal modulator in bipolar pathogenesis". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, nr 22 (12.05.2017): E4462—E4471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1700111114.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The molecular pathogenesis of bipolar disorder (BPD) is poorly understood. Using human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to unravel such mechanisms in polygenic diseases is generally challenging. However, hiPSCs from BPD patients responsive to lithium offered unique opportunities to discern lithium's target and hence gain molecular insight into BPD. By profiling the proteomics of BDP–hiPSC-derived neurons, we found that lithium alters the phosphorylation state of collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP2). Active nonphosphorylated CRMP2, which binds cytoskeleton, is present throughout the neuron; inactive phosphorylated CRMP2, which dissociates from cytoskeleton, exits dendritic spines. CRMP2 elimination yields aberrant dendritogenesis with diminished spine density and lost lithium responsiveness (LiR). The “set-point” for the ratio of pCRMP2:CRMP2 is elevated uniquely in hiPSC-derived neurons from LiR BPD patients, but not with other psychiatric (including lithium-nonresponsive BPD) and neurological disorders. Lithium (and other pathway modulators) lowers pCRMP2, increasing spine area and density. Human BPD brains show similarly elevated ratios and diminished spine densities; lithium therapy normalizes the ratios and spines. Consistent with such “spine-opathies,” human LiR BPD neurons with abnormal ratios evince abnormally steep slopes for calcium flux; lithium normalizes both. Behaviorally, transgenic mice that reproduce lithium's postulated site-of-action in dephosphorylating CRMP2 emulate LiR in BPD. These data suggest that the “lithium response pathway” in BPD governs CRMP2's phosphorylation, which regulates cytoskeletal organization, particularly in spines, modulating neural networks. Aberrations in the posttranslational regulation of this developmentally critical molecule may underlie LiR BPD pathogenesis. Instructively, examining the proteomic profile in hiPSCs of a functional agent—even one whose mechanism-of-action is unknown—might reveal otherwise inscrutable intracellular pathogenic pathways.
12
Papiol, Sergi, Thomas Schulze i Martin Alda. "Genetics of Lithium Response in Bipolar Disorder". Pharmacopsychiatry 51, nr 05 (26.03.2018): 206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0590-4992.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract Introduction Lithium remains the best-established long-term treatment for bipolar disorder because of its efficacy in maintaining periods of remission and reducing the risk of suicide. Not all patients successfully respond to lithium treatment, and the individual response, including the occurrence of side effects, is highly variable and not easy to predict. The genetic basis of lithium response is supported by the fact that the response clusters in families. Likewise, recent high-throughput genomic analyses have shed light on its genetic architecture. Methods This nonsystematic review summarizes the main results obtained in genetic association studies using lithium response as target trait. Results These studies suggest that several genetic loci might modulate the way a patient responds to lithium maintenance treatment. Further studies to fully characterize the genetic architecture of lithium response are warranted. Discussion The identification of genetic factors associated with lithium response will be important for (1) better understanding of lithium’s mode of action and (2) development of a predictive model for optimization of long-term treatment of bipolar disorder.
13
Rowe, Michael K., i De-Maw Chuang. "Lithium neuroprotection: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications". Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine 6, nr 21 (8.10.2004): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1462399404008385.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Lithium has emerged as a neuroprotective agent efficacious in preventing apoptosis-dependent cellular death. Lithium neuroprotection is provided through multiple, intersecting mechanisms, although how lithium interacts with these mechanisms is still under investigation. Lithium increases cell survival by inducing brain-derived neurotrophic factor and thereby stimulating activity in anti-apoptotic pathways, including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. In addition, lithium reduces pro-apoptotic function by directly and indirectly inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase-3β activity and indirectly inhibiting N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor-mediated calcium influx. Lithium-induced regulation of anti- and pro-apoptotic pathways alters a wide variety of downstream effectors, including β-catenin, heat shock factor 1, activator protein 1, cAMP-response-element-binding protein, and the Bcl-2 protein family. Lithium neuroprotection has a wide variety of clinical implications. Beyond its present use in bipolar mood disorder, lithium's neuroprotective abilities imply that it could be used to treat or prevent brain damage following traumatic injury, such as stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington's and Alzheimer's diseases.
14
Guscott, R., i L. Taylor. "Lithium Prophylaxis in Recurrent Affective Illness". British Journal of Psychiatry 164, nr 6 (czerwiec 1994): 741–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.164.6.741.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The efficacy of lithium prophylaxis for recurrent mood disorders is well established. Despite concern that the later efficacy studies have shown poorer results, these studies (after 1980) are equally confirmatory of lithium's efficacy. However, questions have been raised with regards to the effectiveness of lithium prophylaxis under ‘ordinary’ clinical conditions. Part of the confusion stems from the failure to distinguish clearly efficacy (the potential of a treatment) from effectiveness (the results obtained under clinical conditions). Studies of effectiveness or naturalistic studies show poorer results than efficacy studies in all areas of medicine. The major reason for this discrepancy with lithium prophylaxis is poor compliance. Estimations of the efficiency (cost benefits) of lithium prophylaxis are flawed by the failure to consider such issues. It is proposed that specialised lithium or mood disorders clinics have the potential to narrow the gap between efficacy and effectiveness – efficiency.
15
Lodders, Katharina. "The Cosmic Lithium Story". Elements 16, nr 4 (1.08.2020): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/gselements.16.4.241.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Lithium’s story spans the history of the universe and is one that links to all its largest-scale processes: big bang nucleosyntheses, the evolution of stars, and galactic chemical evolution. Lithium was the only metal produced in the big bang, alongside the gases H and He. Stars destroy both stable isotopes of Li easily, yet we still have Li today, even after generations of stars have come and gone. Ongoing production of Li by galactic cosmic rays and by a limited number of Li-producing nuclear reactions and transport processes in some rare types of stars keeps lithium present in the universe.
16
Gayathri, N., A. Ram Sailesh i N. Srinivas. "Effect of lithium on seed germination and plant growth of Amaranthus viridis". Journal of Applied and Natural Science 14, nr 1 (20.03.2022): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v14i1.3165.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Lithium is one of the trace elements essential for the human body. The use of Li-based products has increased tremendously, leading to higher consumption patterns and the generation of lithum-based wastes. A higher concentration of lithium leads to the contamination of soil and water bodies. Lithium enters the food chain through the plant pathway. The food chain becomes contaminated with agricultural products produced on lithium-contaminated soil. Owing to this scenario, the present study is focused on studying the effect of lithium on the germination and growth of Amaranthus viridis. Germination studies were conducted in petri dishes, and the rate germination was 95% at control and 10 ppm. At higher concentrations, the rate of germination was 73% at 50 ppm, 57% at 75 ppm and 41% at 100 ppm. Pot experiments were conducted for 51 days using lithium-amended soil from 10 to 100 ppm. Pot experiments revealed that, at higher concentrations, lithium promoted the length and weight of the plant from 1.122 g/plant in the control to 2.415 g/plant at 100 ppm. The stress tolerance index was calculated for the length and dry weight of the roots and shoots, respectively. High stress tolerance at root and shoot biomass led to an increase in the biomass of the plant, which promoted the accumulation of lithium in plant parts. These results concluded that lithium stimulated plant growth at lower concentrations and increased biomass at higher concentrations, which was confirmed through the calculation of the stress tolerance index.
17
Yang, Chunhao, Bo Zhu, Mingjie Zhan i Zi-Chun Hua. "Lithium in Cancer Therapy: Friend or Foe?" Cancers 15, nr 4 (8.02.2023): 1095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15041095.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Lithium, a trace element important for fetal health and development, is considered a metal drug with a well-established clinical regime, economical production process, and a mature storage system. Several studies have shown that lithium affects tumor development by regulating inositol monophosphate (IMPase) and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). Lithium can also promote proliferation and programmed cell death (PCD) in tumor cells through a number of new targets, such as the nuclear receptor NR4A1 and Hedgehog-Gli. Lithium may increase cancer treatment efficacy while reducing side effects, suggesting that it can be used as an adjunctive therapy. In this review, we summarize the effects of lithium on tumor progression and discuss the underlying mechanisms. Additionally, we discuss lithium’s limitations in antitumor clinical applications, including its narrow therapeutic window and potential pro-cancer effects on the tumor immune system.
18
Carmassi, Claudia, Benedetta Nardi, Simone Battaglini, Chiara Bonelli, Miriam Violi, Enrica Bonanni i Liliana Dell’Osso. "A Case of Lithium Encephalopathy with Therapeutic Lithium Levels: The Diagnostic Role of EEG". Case Reports in Psychiatry 2022 (16.12.2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8052471.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Introduction. Lithium is considered a first-line therapy for both the acute phase and the maintenance of bipolar disorder. Many studies highlighted its neuroprotective and neuroplastic capacity suggesting a potential usefulness in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the undeniable efficacy, lithium clearly presents several adverse effects including neurotoxicity, also known as lithium encephalopathy, regarding both neurological, psychiatric, and cognitive side effects. In this case, adverse reactions are not always related to its serum levels, possibly appearing within the therapeutic range. Case Presentation. We analyzed the case of a bipolar patient who has been uncontinuosly treated with lithium salts since the onset of the psychopathological picture. Over the years, the average values of lithemia always remained around 0.60-0.70 mEq/L, but in 2019, the patient begun to manifest distal tremors and in the mandibular district accompanied, in the following months, by psychomotor slowdown, generalized tremors, reduced alertness, spatiotemporal disorientation, and aphasia. While alterations referable to neurodegenerative diseases were excluded, EEG maintained rhythm alteration 1 year after the probable intoxication. Discussion. This case confirms the central role of EEG for lithium neurotoxicity, while its dosages are in therapeutic range, being plasma levels are not always indicative of liquoral and neuronal lithium’s levels. We highlight the importance of an early diagnosis of lithium encephalopathy proposing EEG as an indispensable tool for assessing lithium neurotoxicity both in acute and chronic intoxication.
19
Grof, P., M. Alda, E. Grof, D. Fox i P. Cameron. "The Challenge of Predicting Response to Stabilising Lithium Treatment". British Journal of Psychiatry 163, S21 (wrzesień 1993): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s000712500029243x.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Lithium treatment, an approach with well documented efficacy, has recently been losing its treatment value. Lithium continues working, however, for those patients for whom it was proven efficacious; that is, most patients with primary episodic affective disorders. Such responders to lithium prophylaxis can be reliably identified beforehand by a comprehensive clinical assessment. The explanation for the paradox of lithium's lost efficacy lies mostly in the educational bias against a comprehensive patient assessment, and in the shift in diagnostic fashion favouring affective disorders and the treatment methods associated with them in the clinicians' minds.
20
Severus, Emanuel, Michael Bauer i John Geddes. "Efficacy and Effectiveness of Lithium in the Long-Term Treatment of Bipolar Disorders: An Update 2018". Pharmacopsychiatry 51, nr 05 (13.06.2018): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0627-7489.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
AbstractFor more than 40 years, lithium has been the gold standard in the long-term treatment of bipolar disorders. In the course of the last 15 years, other drugs have been approved in this indication and are widely used in clinical practice at the expense of lithium. New research from the last few years, however, indicates that lithium is still the first-line treatment in this indication. Against this background and lithium’s proven acute antimanic efficacy, we should perhaps be using lithium more regularly (in combination with an atypical antipsychotic, if necessary) right from the start for the acute treatment of a manic episode and, once remission has been achieved and euthymia maintained during continuation treatment, to regularly taper off the atypical antipsychotic, if possible, and continue with lithium as monotherapy for prophylactic treatment. This might lead to lithium being used more consistently with the scientific evidence in the long-term treatment of bipolar disorders. It remains uncertain, however, to predict who will respond to and tolerate lithium prophylactically, and more research is needed to deliver the best possible individualized care to our patients.
21
Moalla, M., A. Larnaout, D. Skhiri, R. Lansari, N. Staali i W. Melki. "Role of nurses in the initiation and the monitoring of Lithium". European Psychiatry 65, S1 (czerwiec 2022): S177—S178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.470.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Introduction Lithium is the oldest known treatment of bipolar disorders and remains the gold standard. Nevertheless, it remains difficult to handle, largely due to its narrow therapeutic index and its long-term side effects. Thus, it requires special initiation and monitoring measures. Objectives This study aims to assess nurses’ knowledge and attitudes regarding lithium. A protocol on Lithium initiation and monitoring will be established. Methods This is a descriptive study including 20 nurses in a psychiatry department conducted from January to May 2021 based on an self-assessment questionnaire that was established to assess nurses’ knowledge about Lithium, its side effects, initiation and monitoring. Results None of the recruited nurses had any training regarding the use of lithium. The vast majority of subject (85%) said that lithium’s dosage must be individualized and adaptable to each patient throughout a specific blood test. 90% recognized renal failure as the most common contraindication of lithium. Complete Blood Count (CBC), and renal check-up were the only tests recognized as necessary by all the sample subjects. 90% answered that lithium is toxic and 65% answered that it is fatal. In case of toxicity by lithium all subjects (100%) agreed to call the responsible doctor of the patient, 25% of them chose it as a unique measure and 75% thought it was necessary to stop the lithium immediately as well. Conclusions Lithium is considered as a double-edged sword largely due to its narrow therapeutic index. Nevertheless, nurses are undertrained when it comes to its use and manipulation. Disclosure No significant relationships.
22
Fürnsinn, C., C. Noe, R. Herdlicka, M. Roden, P. Nowotny, B. Leighton i W. Waldhäusl. "More marked stimulation by lithium than insulin of the glycogenic pathway in rat skeletal muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 273, nr 3 (wrzesień 1997): E514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1997.273.3.e514.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Lithium's impact on glucose metabolism was compared with that of insulin in isolated rat soleus muscle. Lithium chloride (20 mmol/l) induced a 4.8-fold more pronounced increment over basal glycogen synthase activity than insulin (10 nmol/l) (nmol UDP-glucose into glycogen in synthase activity assay.g-1.min-1: lithium, +22.1 +/- 1.8 vs. insulin, +4.6 +/- 3.9; P < 0.01). In parallel, lithium was less efficient than insulin in stimulating glucose transport (counts per minute 2-deoxy-D-[3H]glucose.mg-1.h-1: lithium, +211 +/- 19 vs. insulin, +311 +/- 57; P < 0.05) and lactate release (mumol.g-1.h-1: lithium, +1.0 +/- 0.5 vs. insulin, +3.9 +/- 0.5; P < 0.01), and similar increments were induced in glycogen synthesis (mumol glucose into glycogen.g-1.h-1: lithium, +3.32 +/- 0.43 vs. insulin, +3.46 +/- 0.47; not significant). Full additivity of glycogenic effects and divergent dependency on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation provided further evidence for different mechanisms of action. In muscle from insulin-resistant obese Zucker rats (fa/fa), failure of lithium to reverse deficits in glucose metabolism suggested a primary deficit in muscle glucose uptake rather than glycogen synthesis. Hence lithium distinctly stimulates glycogen synthase activity in skeletal muscle and may therefore be regarded as a candidate for the treatment of disorders associated with primary deficits in the glycogenic pathway.
23
Hamm, Carlo, Robert Queissner, Rene Pilz, Armin Birner, Martina Platzer, Frederike Fellendorf, Alexander Maget i in. "Zusammenhang zwischen der Einnahme von Lithium und neuroradiologischen Veränderungen bei der bipolar affektiven Störung: Gibt es Hinweise auf ein klinisches Ansprechen?" Fortschritte der Neurologie · Psychiatrie 87, nr 09 (19.11.2018): 483–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0637-1820.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
ZusammenfassungZur Vermeidung affektiver Krankheitsphasen im Rahmen der bipolar affektiven Störung erfolgt die psychopharmakologische Behandlung mittels sogenannter Phasenprophylaktika. Traditionell werden unter diesem Begriff die Wirkstoffe Lithium, Valproat, Lamotrigin und Carbamazepin zusammengefasst. Moderne Therapiekonzepte zur Phasenprophylaxe berücksichtigen ebenfalls Antipsychotika der zweiten Generation. In dieser Literaturrecherche sollen die Zusammenhänge zwischen den biologischen Veränderungen des Gehirns und der Einnahme von Lithium dargestellt werden. Hierbei werden Daten aus makrostruktureller, mikrostruktureller und spektroskopischer Bildgebung angeführt.Daten zu Veränderungen der Makrostruktur unter Lithiumtherapie sind quantitativ am stärksten untersucht. So scheint Lithium im Zusammenhang mit einer Vergrößerung des Volumens von kortikaler und subkortikaler grauer Substanz zu stehen. Des Weiteren zeigt sich unter Lithiumtherapie eine geringradigere mikrosturkurelle Veränderung in Marklageralrealen was auf einen möglichen neuroprotektiven Effekt von Lithium zurückzuführen sein könnte. An Hand der 7-Lithium-MR-Spektroskopie konnte gezeigt werden, dass remittierte und nicht-remittierte Patientinnen und Patienten signifikante intrazerebrale Konzentrationsunterschiede aufzeigen.Präklinische Daten weisen auf lithiuminduzierte promitotische, als auch antiapoptotische Mechanismen hin und stützen somit die Hypothese eines volumenerhaltenden Effektes mittels Neurogenese. Jedoch könnten hinsichtlich des Lithiums auch osmotische und physikalische Effekte maßgebliche Ursachen für die Volumenzunahme in der makrostrukturellen Bildgebung bilden.Das mehrheitliche Vorhandensein von Querschnittsstudien zu dieser Thematik und kleine Kohortengrößen stellen typische Limitationen der untersuchten Studien dar.Hinsichtlich der Forschung zum Lithiummetabolismus könnte insbesondere die 7-Lithium-Spektroskopie zukünftig eine Methode darstellen, um diesbezügliche pharmakokinetische Unterschiede zwischen remittierten und nicht-remittierten Patienten aufzuklären.
24
Hammond, WP, ER Rodger i DC Dale. "Lithium augments GM-CSA generation in canine cyclic hematopoiesis". Blood 69, nr 1 (1.01.1987): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v69.1.117.bloodjournal691117.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Cyclic hematopoiesis in gray collie dogs can be cured by lithium treatment. We examined the mechanism of lithium's effect by developing an assay for the canine equivalent of GM-CSF (called GM-CSA). Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated canine blood mononuclear cells produce GM-CSA in a dose-dependent manner; this GM-CSA stimulates more neutrophil-containing colonies than does endotoxin-treated dog serum. Production of GM-CSA by PHA-stimulated normal dog cells was not altered by lithium. However, cells from gray collies during their neutrophilic period increased their GM-CSA when lithium (2 mEq/L) was added to low doses of PHA, whereas neutropenic gray collie cells did not. These data suggest that lithium could modulate cyclic hematopoiesis by increasing intramedullary GM-CSA at the time when marrow neutrophilic progenitor cells are at their nadir.
25
Fatemi, S. Hossein, Teri J. Reutiman i Timothy D. Folsom. "The role of lithium in modulation of brain genes: relevance for aetiology and treatment of bipolar disorder". Biochemical Society Transactions 37, nr 5 (21.09.2009): 1090–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0371090.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Bipolar disorder is a debilitating disorder of the brain with a lifetime prevalence of 1.0% for bipolar I, 1.1% for bipolar II disorder and 2.4–4.7% for subthreshold bipolar disorder. Medications, including lithium, have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of bipolar disorder, but their molecular targets and mode of action are largely unknown. A few studies have begun to shed light on potential targets of lithium treatment that may be involved in lithium's therapeutic effect. We have recently conducted a microarray study of rat frontal cortex following chronic treatment (21 days) with lithium. Chronic treatment with lithium led to a significant (at least 1.5-fold) down-regulation of 151 genes and up-regulation of 57 genes. We discuss our results in the context of previous microarray studies involving lithium and gene-association studies to identify key genes associated with chronic lithium treatment. A number of genes associated with bipolar disorder, including Comt (catechol-O-methyltransferase), Vapa (vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein A), Dtnb (dystrobrevin β) and Pkd1 (polycystic kidney disease 1), were significantly altered in our microarray dataset along with genes associated with synaptic transmission, apoptosis and transport among other functions.
26
Fu, Kun (Kelvin), Yunhui Gong, Jiaqi Dai, Amy Gong, Xiaogang Han, Yonggang Yao, Chengwei Wang i in. "Flexible, solid-state, ion-conducting membrane with 3D garnet nanofiber networks for lithium batteries". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, nr 26 (15.06.2016): 7094–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1600422113.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Beyond state-of-the-art lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology with metallic lithium anodes to replace conventional ion intercalation anode materials is highly desirable because of lithium’s highest specific capacity (3,860 mA/g) and lowest negative electrochemical potential (∼3.040 V vs. the standard hydrogen electrode). In this work, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, a 3D lithium-ion–conducting ceramic network based on garnet-type Li6.4La3Zr2Al0.2O12 (LLZO) lithium-ion conductor to provide continuous Li+ transfer channels in a polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based composite. This composite structure further provides structural reinforcement to enhance the mechanical properties of the polymer matrix. The flexible solid-state electrolyte composite membrane exhibited an ionic conductivity of 2.5 × 10−4 S/cm at room temperature. The membrane can effectively block dendrites in a symmetric Li | electrolyte | Li cell during repeated lithium stripping/plating at room temperature, with a current density of 0.2 mA/cm2 for around 500 h and a current density of 0.5 mA/cm2 for over 300 h. These results provide an all solid ion-conducting membrane that can be applied to flexible LIBs and other electrochemical energy storage systems, such as lithium–sulfur batteries.
27
Hammond, WP, ER Rodger i DC Dale. "Lithium augments GM-CSA generation in canine cyclic hematopoiesis". Blood 69, nr 1 (1.01.1987): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v69.1.117.117.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract Cyclic hematopoiesis in gray collie dogs can be cured by lithium treatment. We examined the mechanism of lithium's effect by developing an assay for the canine equivalent of GM-CSF (called GM-CSA). Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated canine blood mononuclear cells produce GM-CSA in a dose-dependent manner; this GM-CSA stimulates more neutrophil-containing colonies than does endotoxin-treated dog serum. Production of GM-CSA by PHA-stimulated normal dog cells was not altered by lithium. However, cells from gray collies during their neutrophilic period increased their GM-CSA when lithium (2 mEq/L) was added to low doses of PHA, whereas neutropenic gray collie cells did not. These data suggest that lithium could modulate cyclic hematopoiesis by increasing intramedullary GM-CSA at the time when marrow neutrophilic progenitor cells are at their nadir.
28
Prieto, Pilar, Cayetano Hernández-Gómez, Sara Román-Sánchez, Marina París-Ogáyar, Giulio Gorni, José Emilio Prieto i Aida Serrano. "Tailoring the Lithium Concentration in Thin Lithium Ferrite Films Obtained by Dual Ion Beam Sputtering". Nanomaterials 14, nr 14 (18.07.2024): 1220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano14141220.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Thin films of lithium spinel ferrite, LiFe5O8, have attracted much scientific attention because of their potential for efficient excitation, the manipulation and propagation of spin currents due to their insulating character, high-saturation magnetization, and Curie temperature, as well as their ultra-low damping value. In addition, LiFe5O8 is currently one of the most interesting materials in terms of developing spintronic devices based on the ionic control of magnetism, for which it is crucial to control the lithium’s atomic content. In this work, we demonstrate that dual ion beam sputtering is a suitable technique to tailor the lithium content of thin films of lithium ferrite (LFO) by using the different energies of the assisting ion beam formed by Ar+ and O2+ ions during the growth process. Without assistance, a disordered rock-salt LFO phase (i.e., LiFeO2) can be identified as the principal phase. Under beam assistance, highly out-of-plane-oriented (111) thin LFO films have been obtained on (0001) Al2O3 substrates with a disordered spinel structure as the main phase and with lithium concentrations higher and lower than the stoichiometric spinel phase, i.e., LiFe5O8. After post-annealing of the films at 1025 K, a highly ordered ferromagnetic spinel LFO phase was found when the lithium concentration was higher than the stoichiometric value. With lower lithium contents, the antiferromagnetic hematite (α-Fe2O3) phase emerged and coexisted in films with the ferromagnetic LixFe6-xO8. These results open up the possibility of controlling the properties of thin lithium ferrite-based films to enable their use in advanced spintronic devices.
29
Yildiz, Aysegul. "Phosphoinositide metabolism, lithium and manic depressive illness". Spectroscopy 16, nr 3-4 (2002): 307–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2002/535201.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Physiology underlying manic depressive illness and treating effects of its most commonly used remedy – “lithium” is yet to be elucidated. Recent years of psychopharmacology research witnessed sparkling developments in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying lithium’s mood stabilizing effects. Recent data on molecular biology andin vivomagnetic resonance spectroscopy suggest that some of the initial actions of lithium may occur through the inhibition of the enzyme inositol monophosphatase (IMPase) and reduction ofmyo–inositol, which in turn initiate a cascade of events at different levels of signal transduction process and gene expression in brain; such as the effects on protein kinase C, myristoylated alenine rich C kinase substrate protein, glycogen synthase kinase 3β, B cell lymphoma–2 protein, and activator protein–I. It is likely that the enzyme IMPase other that being the key point in initiating lithium’s therapeutic effects, may also play a critical role in the physiology underlying manic depressive illness.
30
Agam, Galila, Yuly Bersudsky, Gerard T. Berry, Diederik Moechars, Yael Lavi-Avnon i R. H. Belmaker. "Knockout mice in understanding the mechanism of action of lithium". Biochemical Society Transactions 37, nr 5 (21.09.2009): 1121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0371121.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Lithium inhibits IMPase (inositol monophosphatase) activity, as well as inositol transporter function. To determine whether one or more of these mechanisms might underlie lithium's behavioural effects, we studied Impa1 (encoding IMPase) and Smit1 (sodium–myo-inositol transporter 1)-knockout mice. In brains of adult homozygous Impa1-knockout mice, IMPase activity was found to be decreased; however, inositol levels were not found to be altered. Behavioural analysis indicated decreased immobility in the forced-swim test as well as a strongly increased sensitivity to pilocarpine-induced seizures. These are behaviours robustly induced by lithium. In homozygous Smit1-knockout mice, free inositol levels were decreased in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. These animals behave like lithium-treated animals in the model of pilocarpine seizures and in the Porsolt forced-swim test model of depression. In contrast with O'Brien et al. [O'Brien, Harper, Jove, Woodgett, Maretto, Piccolo and Klein (2004) J. Neurosci. 24, 6791–6798], we could not confirm that heterozygous Gsk3b (glycogen synthase kinase 3β)-knockout mice exhibit decreased immobility in the Porsolt forced-swim test or decreased amphetamine-induced hyperactivity in a manner mimicking lithium's behavioural effects. These data support the role of inositol-related processes rather than GSK3β in the mechanism of the therapeutic action of lithium.
31
Shakur, Nayeema, Mubin Tahir, Ramanand Badanapuram i Sagrika Nag. "Clinical Audit of the Awareness of Safety Guidelines on Lithium Prescribing Within the Acute Hospital- James Cook University Hospital". BJPsych Open 8, S1 (czerwiec 2022): S174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2022.485.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
AimsLithium is a useful drug and is of particular benefit in patients with chronic mood disorders like bipolar affective disorder and recurrent depression. Lithium requires careful monitoring and dose adjustment for safe use due to its narrow therapeutic index and high potential for toxicity. Monitoring must carry on even when mental health patients taking Lithium are admitted to acute hospital. Therefore, the main aim of this clinical audit was to evaluate the level of awareness of the lithium safety guidance amongst medical staff working within the Acute Hospital, James Cook University Hospital. Ideally 100% of staff should have the appropriate knowledge.MethodsQuestionnaire consisted of 6 items which were derived from key points within the Trust guidelines for Lithium. It was designed to highlight the key points in the document and check the level of awareness of the respondents. Respondents were drawn from James Cook University Hospital and South Tees Liaison Psychiatry team. A total of 25 respondents were included in the study.Results96% (24/25) of the respondents were aware that renal and thyroid function should be checked for patients on Lithium. 84% (21/25) were aware of the potential impact of Lithium on Kidney function (eGFR) and 68% (17/25) were aware of signs of Lithium toxicity.60% (15/25) of acute staff were aware about referring patients with deranged Lithium levels to the Liaison Psychiatry team. 40% (10/25) were aware of the drugs that could potentially increase lithium levels like Diuretics, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitors. Only 24% (6/25) of acute trust staff were aware about checking lithium levels on admission.ConclusionIdeally, a 100% compliance and positive response rate should be achieved as these relate to completion of expected safety checks. Lithium is a potentially high-risk drug with a narrow therapeutic index. Possibility of its acute and chronic side effects, including lithium toxicity, makes it essential to follow safety guidelines on lithium prescribing and hence ensure patient safety.In view of this, the clinical audit results clearly show that there is significant room for improvement to achieve a 100% positive response rate for awareness of safety guidelines on Lithium prescribing.Overall, there were an average of 57% positive responses and 42% negative responses for awareness of various aspects of the safety guidelines for Lithium.A robust action plan which included teaching sessions on creating awareness about lithium monitoring was planned because of this audit.
32
Fryou, Noah, Mingjia Li i Bernard Possidente. "0019 Assessing Genetic Variation for Effects of Lithium on Circadian Clock Period and Mortality in Fruit Flies". SLEEP 46, Supplement_1 (1.05.2023): A8—A9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsad077.0019.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract Introduction Lithium is the treatment of choice for bipolar disorder, but the mechanism for its therapeutic effect remains unknown, and it has a low threshold for toxic side-effects. Bipolar disorder is cyclical disorder with periodic onsets of illness including depressive and manic episode that vary in cycle length among patients. One of lithium’s well-documented effects- a lengthened circadian clock period- is intriguing since a circadian system abnormality is a potential explanation for the cyclical nature of bipolar disorder. Fruit flies are an efficient model organism for genetic analysis of circadian clock mechanisms, but few Drosophila studies have documented circadian effects of lithium, and none have examined genetic variation. Methods We used a random sample of 13 inbred strains from the Drosophila Genetic Resource Panel and three wild-type strains to examine genetic variation for the response of circadian clock period to 20mM LiCl, and its toxicity. Adults were assayed for circadian locomotor activity in constant dark using Drosophila Activity Monitors. Circadian clock period was estimated using chi-squared periodogram. Results Among 13 inbred strains examined there is no significant effect of lithium or genetic variation for effects of lithium on circadian period, and only one inbred strain significantly lengthened circadian clock period in response to lithium. There was a significant sex difference in the response to lithium for circadian period, with an increase female and a slight decrease in males, and significant strain variation for sex-differences in circadian response to lithium. There are significant strain differences in mortality in response to lithium. All three wild-type strains significantly increased circadian period in response to lithium and varied in sensitivity to its toxicity. Conclusion Results to date suggest that the set of approximately 200 DGRP strains will be useful for investigating genetic variation for lithium toxicity and sex-differences for effects of lithium on circadian clock period. Circadian period in wild-type strains is more responsive to the period-lengthening effects of lithium, suggesting that genetic heterozygosity may play a role in the effects of lithium on circadian clock period. Support (if any) Skidmore College Biology Department and Summer Collaborative Research Program.
33
Corbella, B., i E. Vieta. "Molecular targets of lithium action". Acta Neuropsychiatrica 15, nr 6 (grudzień 2003): 316–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1601-5215.2003.00049.x.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Lithium is an effective drug for both the treatment and prophylaxis of bipolar disorder. However, the precise mechanism of lithium action is not yet well understood. Extensive research aiming to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of lithium has revealed several possible targets. The behavioral and physiological manifestations of the illness are complex and are mediated by a network of interconnected neurotransmitter pathways. Thus, lithium's ability to modulate the release of serotonin at presynaptic sites and modulate receptor-mediated supersensitivity in the brain remains a relevant line of investigation. However, it is at the molecular level that some of the most exciting advances in the understanding of the long-term therapeutic action of lithium will continue in the coming years. The lithium cation possesses the selective ability, at clinically relevant concentrations, to alter the PI second-messenger system, potentially altering the activity and dynamic regulation of receptors that are coupled to this intracellular response. Subtypes of muscarinic receptors in the limbic system may represent particularly sensitive targets in this regard. Likewise, preclinical data have shown that lithium regulates arachidonic acid and the protein kinase C signaling cascades. It also indirectly regulates a number of factors involved in cell survival pathways, including cAMP response element binding protein, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, bcl-2 and mitogen-activated protein kinases, and may thus bring about delayed long-term beneficial effects via under-appreciated neurotrophic effects. Identification of the molecular targets for lithium in the brain could lead to the elucidation of the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder and the discovery of a new generation of mood stabilizers, which in turn may lead to improvements in the long-term outcome of this devastating illness (1).
34
Sulistiyono, Eko, Sri Harjanto i Latifa Hanum Lalasari. "Separation of Magnesium and Lithium from Brine Water and Bittern Using Sodium Silicate Precipitation Agent". Resources 11, nr 10 (30.09.2022): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources11100089.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Potential natural resources of lithium in Indonesia from brine water and bittern generally have low lithium and high magnesium levels, which need to be separated before further extraction. This research investigates the separation process of magnesium from brine water and bittern using a sodium silicate solution. The experimental results showed that the magnesium precipitation efficiency using sodium silicate was better in brine water than in bittern. A separation selectivity ratio of magnesium to lithium (Mg/Li) below 1 was obtained in brine water of 0.59 and bittern of 0.11 with the addition of a 1.25 mole fraction of sodium silicate solution to magnesium ions. After the precipitation at optimum addition of sodium silicate and water leaching process using distilled water, lithium’s recovery in the brine water and bittern filtrate was 84% and 35%, respectively. In brine water, water leaching increased lithium and magnesium ions in the filtrate. However, in bittern, the water leaching increased lithium recovery without dissolving magnesium ions into the filtrate. The precipitation products from the bittern were identified as complex lithium compounds in the forms of Li2MgO4SiLi2(MgSiO4) and LiMg4Na3O30Si12 phases, while the precipitation products in brine water mostly had a phase of CaO·MgO·Si2O5 (Diopside) and LiCl.
35
Fraga, A., B. Mesquita, J. Facucho-Oliveira, M. Albuquerque, P. Espada-Santos, P. Cintra, S. Paulino i A. Moutinho. "Lithium: more than a mood stabilizier". European Psychiatry 65, S1 (czerwiec 2022): S405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1027.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Introduction Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by episodic changes in affect, motivation, cognition and behavior. This severe mental disorder has a prevalence of at least 1% and a high heritability of 60%-80%. The pathophysiology is still poorly understood but evidence indicate that the disorder relates to disturbances in front-limbic networks relevant for emotion processing and regulation. New techniques have been used to study BD and showed aberrante white matter (WM) microstructure in the corpus callosum and from-limbic pathways. However, lithium, a mood stabilizier, it looks like has celular and neuromodulatory effects. Objectives The authors elaborate a narrative literature review to identify the existing clinical evidence of lithium’s effect on the WM from BD patients. Methods Pubmed databased searched using the therms “bipolar disorder”, “white matter” and “lithium”. Results Lithium is a bipolar medication that confers treatment and long-term prophylaxis and been reported as having neuroprotective effects. Studies that used new techniques such diffusion tensor imaging measures to assess white matter integrity reported a positive effect of lithium on the integrity of WM of BD patients and suggest that response to lithium treatment in BD patients is associated with normalization of WM microstructure in regions associated with emotion processing. Conclusions Lithium appears to positively influence the evolution of the white matter abnormalities described in BD patients however further investigation is required to strongly reinforce this potential and safety. Disclosure No significant relationships.
36
&NA;. "Lithium see Carbamazepine/lithium". Reactions Weekly &NA;, nr 297 (kwiecień 1990): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199002970-00040.
Pełny tekst źródła
37
&NA;. "Lithium see Doxepin/lithium". Reactions Weekly &NA;, nr 355 (czerwiec 1991): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199103550-00047.
Pełny tekst źródła
38
&NA;. "Lithium see Antipsychotics/lithium". Reactions Weekly &NA;, nr 360 (lipiec 1991): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199103600-00043.
Pełny tekst źródła
39
&NA;. "Lithium see Amitriptyline/lithium". Reactions Weekly &NA;, nr 362 (sierpień 1991): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199103620-00036.
Pełny tekst źródła
40
Fajardo, Val Andrew, Paul J. LeBlanc i Val Andrei Fajardo. "Trace lithium in Texas tap water is negatively associated with all-cause mortality and premature death". Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 43, nr 4 (kwiecień 2018): 412–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2017-0653.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Lithium in tap water was previously found to have life-extending effects across 18 Japanese municipalities. Using a larger dataset with several Texas counties, our study shows that lithium concentrations in tap water are negatively associated with all-cause mortality (r = −0.18, p = 0.006, 232 counties) and years of potential life lost (r = −0.22, p = 0.001, 214 counties). Thus, our present findings extend and reinforce lithium’s purported life-prolonging effect in humans.
41
Lin, Liangdong, Feng Liang, Kaiyuan Zhang, Hongzhi Mao, Jian Yang i Yitai Qian. "Lithium phosphide/lithium chloride coating on lithium for advanced lithium metal anode". Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, nr 32 (2018): 15859–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta05102j.
Pełny tekst źródła
42
Baldassano, Claudia F. "Antidepressant Effect of Mood Stabilizers". CNS Spectrums 8, S12 (grudzień 2003): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900028777.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Bipolar depression certainly poses the greatest challenge to clinicians treating bipolar patients. Having a widespread disability associated with it, bipolar depression is often chronic, is less responsive to medication treatment, and has a particularly high rate of suicide. There are currently no drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of bipolar depression, although full trials have been conducted with lithium, the antipsychotic olan-zapine, and the antiepileptic (AED) lamotrigine. Data for the other AEDs are quite limited and not controlled. The American Psychiatric Association guidelines recommends maximizing the dose in patients who are already on a mood stabilizer and initiating lithium or lamotrigine in patients who are not on a mood stabilizer.Zornberg and Pope reviewed nine studies comparing lithium to placebo in bipolar depression. Among the 145 patients in these studies, there was detectable response in 79% and an unequivocal response in 36%. Although the studies varied in their methodological design and rigor, they argue quite strongly that lithium is an effective anti-depressant. In addition, six of the seven pre1990 studies evaluating lithium for bipolar depression indicated that the drug had significant antidepressant effects.The most recent study of lithium for bipolar depression randomly assigned 117 outpatients with acute bipolar depression to treatment with either placebo, Imipramine, or paroxetine. At the 10-week study endpoint, lithium monotherapy was as effective as the addition of an antidepressant, suggesting lithium's antidepressant properties.
43
Hunter, R., J. E. Christie, L. J. Whalley, J. Bennie, S. Carroll, H. Dick, G. M. Goodwin, H. Wilson i G. Fink. "Luteinizing hormone responses to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) in acute mania and the effects of lithium on LHRH and thyrotrophin releasing hormone tests in volunteers". Psychological Medicine 19, nr 1 (luty 1989): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329170001103x.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
SynopsisThe endocrine responses to Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone (LHRH) of eight drug-free males with mania were determined. Basal levels of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and the plasma levels following injection of LHRH were elevated in patients compared with controls; Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and testosterone were not different. Elevated levels of LH have been described previously in recovered manic patients and have been suggested to be state-independent features of mania. In order to clarify the status of this finding, the effects of lithium administration upon hormone responses to LHRH in six male volunteers were also investigated, together with the effects upon Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone (TRH) stimulation of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and prolactin release. Lithium increased the basal levels of LH and levels after injection of LHRH without effect upon FSH and testosterone. Lithium also increased basal and TRH stimulated release of TSH and basal prolactin levels. Lithium was without effect upon prolactin responses to TRH. The results are discussed in relation to current information on the mechanism of lithium's action. The implications for neuroendocrine work on recovered patients taking lithium are also explored.
44
Khayachi, Anouar, Ariel Ase, Calwing Liao, Anusha Kamesh, Naila Kuhlmann, Lenka Schorova, Boris Chaumette i in. "Chronic lithium treatment alters the excitatory/ inhibitory balance of synaptic networks and reduces mGluR5–PKC signalling in mouse cortical neurons". Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience 46, nr 3 (1.05.2021): E402—E414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/jpn.200185.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Background: Bipolar disorder is characterized by cyclical alternation between mania and depression, often comorbid with psychosis and suicide. Compared with other medications, the mood stabilizer lithium is the most effective treatment for the prevention of manic and depressive episodes. However, the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder and lithium’s mode of action are yet to be fully understood. Evidence suggests a change in the balance of excitatory and inhibitory activity, favouring excitation in bipolar disorder. In the present study, we sought to establish a holistic understanding of the neuronal consequences of lithium exposure in mouse cortical neurons, and to identify underlying mechanisms of action. Methods: We used a range of technical approaches to determine the effects of acute and chronic lithium treatment on mature mouse cortical neurons. We combined RNA screening and biochemical and electrophysiological approaches with confocal immunofluorescence and live-cell calcium imaging. Results: We found that only chronic lithium treatment significantly reduced intracellular calcium flux, specifically by activating metabotropic glutamatergic receptor 5. This was associated with altered phosphorylation of protein kinase C and glycogen synthase kinase 3, reduced neuronal excitability and several alterations to synapse function. Consequently, lithium treatment shifts the excitatory–inhibitory balance toward inhibition. Limitations: The mechanisms we identified should be validated in future by similar experiments in whole animals and human neurons. Conclusion: Together, the results revealed how lithium dampens neuronal excitability and the activity of the glutamatergic network, both of which are predicted to be overactive in the manic phase of bipolar disorder. Our working model of lithium action enables the development of targeted strategies to restore the balance of overactive networks, mimicking the therapeutic benefits of lithium but with reduced toxicity.
45
Armbruster, Thomas, i Anne Feenstra. "Lithium in nigerite-group minerals". European Journal of Mineralogy 16, nr 2 (29.03.2004): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2004/0016-0247.
Pełny tekst źródła
46
Gao, Wenjie, Xinlai Wei, Jun Chen, Jie Jin, Ke Wu, Wenwen Meng i Keke Wang. "Recycling Lithium from Waste Lithium Bromide to Produce Lithium Hydroxide". Membranes 11, nr 10 (30.09.2021): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11100759.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Lithium resources face risks of shortages owing to the rapid development of the lithium industry. This makes the efficient production and recycling of lithium an issue that should be addressed immediately. Lithium bromide is widely used as a water-absorbent material, a humidity regulator, and an absorption refrigerant in the industry. However, there are few studies on the recovery of lithium from lithium bromide after disposal. In this paper, a bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) process is proposed to convert waste lithium bromide into lithium hydroxide, with the generation of valuable hydrobromic acid as a by-product. The effects of the current density, the feed salt concentration, and the initial salt chamber volume on the performance of the BMED process were studied. When the reaction conditions were optimized, it was concluded that an initial salt chamber volume of 200 mL and a salt concentration of 0.3 mol/L provided the maximum benefit. A high current density leads to high energy consumption but with high current efficiency; therefore, the optimum current density was identified as 30 mA/cm2. Under the optimized conditions, the total economic cost of the BMED process was calculated as 2.243 USD·kg−1LiOH. As well as solving the problem of recycling waste lithium bromide, the process also represents a novel production methodology for lithium hydroxide. Given the prices of lithium hydroxide and hydrobromic acid, the process is both environmentally friendly and economical.
47
Lisovskyi, Ivan, Mykyta Barykin, Sergii Solopan i Anatolii Belous. "FEATURES OF PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE SYNTHESIS OF COMPLEX LITHIUM-CONDUCTING OXIDE MATERIALS". Ukrainian Chemistry Journal 87, nr 9 (25.10.2021): 14–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33609/2708-129x.87.09.2021.14-34.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Lithium-ion batteries (LIB`s) are widely used in consumer electronics, mobile phones, personal computers, as well as in hybrid and electric vehicles. Liquid electrolytes, which mainly consist of aprotic organic solvents and lithium-conductive salts, are used for the transfer of lithium ions in LIB`s. However, the application of liquid electrolytes in LIB`s leads to a number of problems, the most significant of which are the risk of battery ignition during operation due to the presence of flammable organic solvents and loss of capacity due to the interaction of liquid electrolyte with electrode materials during cycling. An alternative that can ensure the safety and reliability of lithium batteries is the development of completely solid state batteries (SSB`s). SSB`s are not only inherently safer due to the absence of flammable organic components, but also have the potential to increase significantly the energy density. Instead of a porous separator based on polypropylene saturated with a liquid electrolyte, the SSB`s use a solid electrolyte that acts as an electrical insulator and an ionic conductor at the same time. The use of a compact solid electrolyte, which acts as a physical barrier that prevents the growth of lithium dendrites, also allows using lithium metal as the anode material.
It is desirable to use oxide systems as the solid electrolytes for SSB`s, as they are resistant to moisture and atmospheric air. Among the lithium-conducting oxide materials, which exhibit relatively high lithium conductivity at a room temperature and can be used as a solid electrolyte in the completely solid-state batteries, lithium-air batteries and other electrochemical devices, the most promising materials are ones with NASICON, perovskite and garnet-type structures.
The phase transformations that occur during the synthesis of complex lithium-conductive oxides, namely Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 with the NASICON-type structure, Li0.34La0.56TiO3 with the perovskite-type structure and Li6.5La3Zr1.5Nb0.5O12 with the garnet-type structure by the solid-state reactions method in an air were investigated. The optimal conditions for the synthesis of each of the above-mentioned compounds were determined.
48
Vestergaard, P., i R. W. Licht. "[No Title]". British Journal of Psychiatry 177, nr 04 (październik 2000): 371–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000712500022713x.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Gracious & Falodun find that our study of mortality in affective disorder patients commenced on lithium (Brodersen et al, 2000) paints an unfairly negative picture of lithium's efficacy. They object to our intention-to-treat analysis of all patients commenced on lithium irrespective of compliance, which showed a significantly elevated standardised mortality ratio (SMR) of 2.5. They suggest that we should have compared compliant with non-compliant patients and with the general population, as did Kallner et al (2000).
49
Kanemura, Takuji, Hiroo Kondo, Hirokazu Sugiura, Hiroshi Horiike, Nobuo Yamaoka, Tomohiro Furukawa, Mizuho Ida, Izuru Matsushita i Kazuyuki Nakamura. "ICONE19-43608 DIAGNOSTICS OF HIGH-SPEED LIQUID LITHIUM JET FOR IFMIF/EVEDA LITHIUM TEST LOOP". Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE) 2011.19 (2011): _ICONE1943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicone.2011.19._icone1943_246.
Pełny tekst źródła
50
Gherardelli, Camila, Pedro Cisternas i Nibaldo C. Inestrosa. "Lithium Enhances Hippocampal Glucose Metabolism in an In Vitro Mice Model of Alzheimer’s Disease". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, nr 15 (5.08.2022): 8733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158733.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Impaired cerebral glucose metabolism is an early event that contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Importantly, restoring glucose availability by pharmacological agents or genetic manipulation has been shown to protect against Aβ toxicity, ameliorate AD pathology, and increase lifespan. Lithium, a therapeutic agent widely used as a treatment for mood disorders, has been shown to attenuate AD pathology and promote glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle. However, despite its widespread use in neuropsychiatric disorders, lithium’s effects on the brain have been poorly characterized. Here we evaluated the effect of lithium on glucose metabolism in hippocampal neurons from wild-type (WT) and APPSwe/PS1ΔE9 (APP/PS1) mice. Our results showed that lithium significantly stimulates glucose uptake and replenishes ATP levels by preferential oxidation of glucose through glycolysis in neurons from WT mice. This increase was also accompanied by a strong increase in glucose transporter 3 (Glut3), the major carrier responsible for glucose uptake in neurons. Similarly, using hippocampal slices from APP-PS1 mice, we demonstrate that lithium increases glucose uptake, glycolytic rate, and the ATP:ADP ratio in a process that also involves the activation of AMPK. Together, our findings indicate that lithium stimulates glucose metabolism and can act as a potential therapeutic agent in AD.