Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Literature and transplantation of organs”
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Dimo, Peter Masibinyane. "Progress in Organ Donation and Transplantation: A Critical Review of Literature". Global Journal of Health Science 12, nr 10 (28.08.2020): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v12n10p133.
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The majority of countries are battling with a high incidence of organ failure such as the kidneys, heart, lungs, pancreas, and liver. The only solution that can remedy the plight of patients facing the strong likelihood of death as a result of malfunctioning body organs is organ donation and transplantation. The intention of this literature study is to assess progress in organ donation and transplantation. This study has benefitted immeasurably from previous scientific investigations. Four hundred and thirty-one published papers were selected from different accredited journals. The study found that many of the countries that have implemented the opt-in system are struggling to close the gap between the high demand for and the actual availability of life-saving organs due to low rates of registered and committed organ donors. The majority of patients that are contending with end-stage diseases are added to the organ donation waiting lists, but have little hope of receiving life-prolonging organs. Among the factors that deter people from contributing to organ donation and transplantation are a lack of knowledge, the failure to obtain consent from family members or next-of-kin, social attitudes, socio-cultural aspects, and myths. This study recommends urgent measures that could be taken to increase organ transplants in public and private hospitals due to the chronic shortage of organs for transplantation and by introducing the opt-out system of organ donation.
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Krezdorn, Nicco, Sotirios Tasigiorgos, Luccie Wo, Marvee Turk, Rachel Lopdrup, Harriet Kiwanuka, Thet-Su Win, Ericka Bueno i Bohdan Pomahac. "Tissue conservation for transplantation". Innovative Surgical Sciences 2, nr 4 (8.08.2017): 171–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iss-2017-0010.
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AbstractPathophysiological changes that occur during ischemia and subsequent reperfusion cause damage to tissues procured for transplantation and also affect long-term allograft function and survival. The proper preservation of organs before transplantation is a must to limit these injuries as much as possible. For decades, static cold storage has been the gold standard for organ preservation, with mechanical perfusion developing as a promising alternative only recently. The current literature points to the need of developing dedicated preservation protocols for every organ, which in combination with other interventions such as ischemic preconditioning and therapeutic additives offer the possibility of improving organ preservation and extending it to multiple times its current duration. This review strives to present an overview of the current body of knowledge with regard to the preservation of organs and tissues destined for transplantation.
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Copcă, Narcis, i Constanța Mihăescu-Pinţia. "Multi-organ Transplantation Center in Romania: a story of persuasion for a controverted issue". Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 13, nr 1 (1.05.2019): 421–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2019-0037.
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Abstract Many countries built their own models of transplantation, collaborating to exchange knowledge and donor organs for effectively help their patients in need. Despite great clinical research on transplantation, literature regarding its management is scarce. Transplantation is quite a controverted issue in Romania, without a culture of donation, within a poor healthcare system. Yet, first attempts were in early 20th century, and modern transplantation started since 1995. There was always a shortage of organs, but after recent press scandals, people became more reluctant to donate, therefore transplantations went down, dramatically impacting patients.Our objective is to emphasize opportunity, need and sustainability for developing a multi-organ transplantation center in Romania, of regional importance, in order to better serve our patient needs in an effective and efficient manner. This research used descriptive analysis, secondary data compilation and review, legislative diagram, case study. Currently there are 68 transplantation centers accredited in Romania with 13,702 transplants accomplished (organs, tissues, cells), at a rate of 19.3/million, covering 19.4 millions of people living just 75.5 years in average (EU=80.2). But 5,400 Romanian patients wait for a transplant, while 550 died waiting... After modernization and building a great surgical center and team, Clinical Hospital St. Maria of 300 beds started complex surgery and successful liver transplantation in 2014, continued with lung transplant in 2018 – Romanian premiere, after many struggles. Next step is a modern multi-organ transplantation center. Vision, persuasion and effective leadership are crucial. Romanian potential for overspecialized surgery is greater than actual practice. Experience indicates that multi-organ transplantation centers are more effective and efficient than separated ones, by concentrating the best specialists, technology, knowledge and resources available for harvest, transplant and care, thus improving health outcomes (donors, successful transplants, lives saved, quality of life), prestige, retention of excellent professionals, and trust in healthcare system, at lower costs than in developed countries.
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Lewis, David D., Robin R. Vidovich i LifeBanc Cleveland. "Factors Influencing Organ Placement Efforts in Donors with Brain Tumors". Journal of Transplant Coordination 6, nr 1 (marzec 1996): 37–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/090591999600600110.
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A 3-year retrospective review of brain tumor cases was performed to determine factors that influence organ procurement in light of the increase in references in transplant literature to the hazards of transplanting organs from donors with brain tumors. A 3-year review of cases in which organ procurement efforts occurred were evaluated. Of 314 cases resulting from this review, organ procurement efforts yielded 10 patients with a diagnosis of brain tumor. Of those 10 cases, seven progressed to organ donation, with at least one organ per patient recovered. Manipulation of brain tumors or manipulation along with tissue diagnosis does not seem to hinder procurement of organs. Without tissue diagnosis, the ability of the organ procurement organization to place organs decreases significantly.
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Pashkov, I. V., M. G. Minina, N. V. Grudinin i V. K. Bogdanov. "Lung donation after cardiac arrest. Challenges and opportunities. Literature review". Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs 26, nr 1 (31.01.2024): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2024-1-171-177.
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The global development of transplantology faces several objective obstacles. One of the major ones is widespread organ shortage. This is most pronounced in clinical lung transplantation (LT). The development of this area is directly connected with more intensive development of available donor resources and search for new sources of donor organs that are suitable for transplantation. Along with the existing methods of increasing the number of lungs suitable for transplantation, LT with donation after cardiac death (DCD) is attracting increasing attention. The effectiveness of this approach has been confirmed by the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation and deserves more attention from Russian specialists.
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Laudy, Agnieszka E., i Stefan Tyski. "Infections Connected with Organ and Tissue Transplantation". Advancements of Microbiology 63, nr 2 (1.06.2024): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/am-2024-0006.
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Abstract Transplantology is a branch of medicine that is developing rapidly. Transplanted whole organs or segments of organs may be recovered from either living or deceased donors. New methods of preserving transplanted solid organs, including the kidney, liver, heart, lung, and pancreas, as well as tissues, such as the cornea and skin, are being developed. Preservation fluid, which is used to perfuse and store the donated organ or tissue, should reduce biological deterioration of organs and tissue, attenuate ischemia/reperfusion-induced cell/tissue injury, and protect against damage. Lowering the storage temperature of organs significantly reduces the risk of damage. Efforts are also made to shorten the time between collecting the organ or tissue from the donor and transplanting it in the recipient. However, during transplantation, the recipient may become infected, primarily with bacteria and fungi. Infections of organ recipients occur most often due to unhygienic organ collection, improper handling and transport, and inappropriate preservation conditions, especially contamination of preservation fluid. The literature on contamination of organ preservation fluid and infections in graft recipients is very diverse, both in terms of the isolated bacterial and fungal species and the number of incidents. A large percentage of contaminating microorganisms belong to the generally non-pathogenic skin microbiota, but there are also cases of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Besides, the transplanted organs themselves may pose a danger. They may contain latent microorganisms, mainly viruses and parasites, that could be activated in a patient who has been subjected to immunosuppression to reduce the risk of organ rejection.
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T. Jenkins, Reed, Manuj M. Shah, Emily L. Larson, Alice L. Zhou, Jessica M. Ruck i Ahmet Kilic. "Expanding the Criteria for Heart Transplantation Donors: A Review of DCD, Increased Ischemic Times, HCV, HIV, and Extended Criteria Donors". Heart Surgery Forum 26, nr 5 (30.10.2023): E639—E655. http://dx.doi.org/10.59958/hsf.6677.
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With the demand for heart transplantation continuing to outpace the available donor organs, previously underutilized donors are now being reconsidered. We sought to describe the emerging techniques and outcomes of expanded criteria heart transplantation. A comprehensive review of the recent literature concerning expanded donor selection in heart transplantation was performed using the PubMed MEDLINE database. To characterize trends in transplant practice, the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS/OPTN) registry was queried for all adult isolated heart transplants since 2010, and data regarding transplant parameters was collected. Donation after cardiac death (DCD), DCD with normothermic regional perfusion, increased ischemic time, hepatitis C positive donor organs, HIV-positive donor organs, and extended criteria donors were identified as promising avenues currently being explored to expand the number of donor organs. The utilization of various expanded criteria for heart transplantation was summarized since 2010 and showed an increasing use of these donor organs, contributing to the overall increasing frequency of heart transplantation. Utilization of expanded criteria for donor selection in heart transplantation has the potential to increase the supply of donor organs with comparable outcomes in selected recipients.
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Jovicic, Olivera, Jelena Mandic, Zoran Mandinic i Aleksandra Colovic. "Oral changes in patients before and after transplantation of solid organs and hematopoietic stem cells". Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo, nr 00 (2020): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh190909106j.
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Introduction/Objective. The aim of this paper is to point out the prevalence and severity of oral diseases in patients in the period before and after the transplantation of solid organs and hematopoietic stem cells. Methods. MEDLINE literature search was done via PubMed. Results. The development and improvement of transplantation medicine in specialized centers lead to an increasing number of patients, both adults and children, with transplanted solid organs and hematopoietic stem cells. Despite the success of therapy, numerous changes and complications can be observed on other organs in patients undergoing transplantation of solid organs and hematopoietic stem cells in the pre and post-transplant phase. Systemic diseases and conditions related to organ and cell transplantation, which are accompanied by numerous oral manifestations. The most common oral changes are gingival enlargement, desquamation of the oral epithelium, very painful ulcerations, polypoid and granulomatous changes in the oral mucosa, hard dental tissues with frequent complications, developmental anomalies of teeth in younger children, and in the later stage also the occurrence of oral cancer. After transplantation of solid organs and hematopoietic changes in the oral cavity and other organs occur depending on the patient?s post- transplantation period as well as on the applied immunosuppressive therapy. Conclusion. Oral changes development pre and post transplantation of solid organ and hematopoietic stem cells points to the importance of timely and good cooperation between the dentist and the doctor who treats the underlying disease.
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Minina, M. G., P. A. Drozdov, V. M. Sevostyanov, E. A. Tenchurina, A. A. Nevredimov, P. A. Davydov i O. V. Shatskova. "Uncontrolled organ donation after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Literature review". Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs 26, nr 1 (15.01.2024): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2024-1-130-139.
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Organ transplantation is the best therapy for terminal and irreversible organ failure. The global development of organ transplantation as a type of medical care is inextricably linked to the establishment of neurological criteria for declaring human death (brain death). In the early evolutionary period of transplantation, organs were used, mainly kidneys, obtained from donors whose death was ascertained in accordance with the generally accepted criteria of cessation of blood circulation and respiration. As this type of organ donation developed, numerous terms were used in the world literature to designate it, such as ‘asystolic donors’, ‘non-heart beating donors’, ‘donors after cardiac death’, etc. In Russia, there is an established practice of dealing with donors after cardiac death (DCD), but the active development of Russian transplantology in the last 20 years is primarily associated with brain-dead organ donation. However, countries with the most active and advanced organ donation practices have in recent years been successfully dealing with donors who have suffered sudden out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Previously, this type of donation was considered inaccessible due to the unacceptable warm ischemia time and consequently severe damage to donor organs. Due to the development of new technologies in emergency medical care, it became possible to transport a patient with clinical death that occurred in an outof-hospital setting, to the hospital, while providing cardiopulmonary resuscitation by means of automatic chest compression and artificial ventilation. The article presents historical aspects of donation after cardiac death, and the most actualized definitions and practices of dealing with such donors.
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Bibok, András, Pál Ákos Deák i Attila Doros. "Az intervenciós radiológia szerepe a hasi szervek átültetésében". Orvosi Hetilap 159, nr 46 (listopad 2018): 1940–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2018.31293.
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Abstract: The transplantation of the abdominal organs has a major role in the treatment of several diseases. All subspecialities affected with the transplantation showed a rapid development in the last decades. The cooperation of the specialists of different segments of medicine provides the success of organ transplantation. Teamwork is necessary throughout the whole process starting from securing the technical background and proper human workforce, followed by the lifelong management of organs and recipients as well. One of the key players of organ transplantation is radiology and interventional radiology – the role of the latter one is discussed in this review, including the minimally invasive treatment of pre- and post-transplantation situations and diseases. Besides vascular and non-vascular interventions, the options of interventional oncology will be mentioned based on international literature and Hungarian experience. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(46): 1940–1947.
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Lewis, David D., i Robin R. Vidovich. "Organ Recovery following Childbirth by a Brain-Dead Mother: A Case Report". Journal of Transplant Coordination 7, nr 3 (wrzesień 1997): 103–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/090591999700700303.
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Little information is available in the medical and nursing literature concerning organ recovery from brain-dead, pregnant individuals. Many healthcare professionals might rule out such patients as potential donors, especially if childbirth is a possibility. This article presents an actual case study in which the birth of a healthy infant and recovery of organs from the mother were successful. It also reviews the available literature and discusses factors related to organ placement.
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Nastos, Constantinos, Konstantinos Kalimeris, Nikolaos Papoutsidakis, Marios-Konstantinos Tasoulis, Panagis M. Lykoudis, Kassiani Theodoraki, Despoina Nastou, Vassilios Smyrniotis i Nikolaos Arkadopoulos. "Global Consequences of Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury". Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/906965.
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Liver ischemia/reperfusion injury has been extensively studied during the last decades and has been implicated in the pathophysiology of many clinical entities following hepatic surgery and transplantation. Apart from its pivotal role in the pathogenesis of the organ’s post reperfusion injury, it has also been proposed as an underlying mechanism responsible for the dysfunction and injury of other organs as well. It seems that liver ischemia and reperfusion represent an event with “global” consequences that influence the function of many remote organs including the lung, kidney, intestine, pancreas, adrenals, and myocardium among others. The molecular and clinical manifestation of these remote organs injury may lead to the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, frequently encountered in these patients. Remote organ injury seems to be in part the result of the oxidative burst and the inflammatory response following reperfusion. The present paper aims to review the existing literature regarding the proposed mechanisms of remote organ injury after liver ischemia and reperfusion.
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Nithyaja, B. J., Kiran Kumar N, L. Hariprasad, Anjum Afshan, Priya Mariam Thomas i Kumar R. V. Arun. "Organ Transplantation and Dental Aspects- The Road ahead". Journal of Medical Research 5, nr 3 (31.01.2021): 141–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/dentistry.2020.5307.
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Organs fail to fulfil their need in the body due to different etiological factors. Hence, demand for the transplantation of a viable organ arises. Oral cavity is capable of projecting the faults of an improperly functioning organ. Dentists are more likely to encounter such cases in their daily practice. However, such cases go unreported due to inadequate knowledge in this field. This review is formatted by collecting all available literature on PubMed, Google Scholar and Google search engines to showcase the role of dentists in the management of patients undergoing Organ Transplantation. This review enlightens on how Dentists can better equip themselves to tackle such cases, when they come across one. This review also projects on the infection foci arising from the oral cavity disturbing the systemic organs and the treatment protocols for managing it.
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Leek, Rachael, Erika Aldag, Iram Nadeem, Vikraman Gunabushanam, Ajay Sahajpal, David J. Kramer i Thomas J. Walsh. "Scedosporiosis in a Combined Kidney and Liver Transplant Recipient: A Case Report of Possible Transmission from a Near-Drowning Donor". Case Reports in Transplantation 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1879529.
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Scedosporium spp. are saprobic fungi that cause serious infections in immunocompromised hosts and in near-drowning victims. Solid organ transplant recipients are at increased risk of scedosporiosis as they require aggressive immunosuppression to prevent allograft rejection. We present a case of disseminated Scedosporium apiospermum infection occurring in the recipient of a combined kidney and liver transplantation whose organs were donated by a near-drowning victim and review the literature of scedosporiosis in solid organ transplantation.
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Lukenaite, Beatrice, Erika Griciune, Bettina Leber, Kestutis Strupas, Philipp Stiegler i Peter Schemmer. "Necroptosis in Solid Organ Transplantation: A Literature Overview". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, nr 7 (27.03.2022): 3677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073677.
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Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is encountered in various stages during solid organ transplantation (SOT). IRI is known to be a multifactorial inflammatory condition involving hypoxia, metabolic stress, leukocyte extravasation, cellular death (including apoptosis, necrosis and necroptosis) and an activation of immune response. Although the cycle of sterile inflammation during IRI is consistent among different organs, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) and mixed-lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL) are thought to be crucial in the implementation of necroptosis. Moreover, apart from “silent” apoptotic death, necrosis also causes sterile inflammation—necroinflammation, which is triggered by various damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Those DAMPs activate the innate immune system, causing local and systemic inflammatory responses, which can result in graft failure. In this overview we summarize knowledge on mechanisms of sterile inflammation processes during SOT with special focus on necroptosis and IRI and discuss protective strategies.
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Orlic, Lidija, Branka Sladoje-Martinovic, Ivana Mikolasevic, Zeljko Zupan i Sanjin Racki. "Patients with Primary Brain Tumors as Organ Donors". BANTAO Journal 13, nr 1 (1.12.2015): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bj-2015-0007.
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AbstractOrgan transplant is now the treatment of choice for many end-stage diseases. The success of solid organ transplantation is accompained by a severe shortage of available organs for those currently awaiting transplantation. In recent years, there has been an increasing demand for organs, but not a similar increase in the supply leading to a severe shortage of organs for transplant that resulted in increasing waiting times for recipients. This has resulted in expanded donor criteria to include older donors and donors with mild diseases. Malignancy is considered a contra-indication to organ donation, with a few possible exceptions. There is a significant controversy in the transplant literature around the use of organs from donors with primary brain tumors (PBT). While case reports and registry data have certainly documented transmission of PBT with resultant morbidity and even mortality, the loss of quality and quantity of life by those on the waiting list remains a staggering and sobering reality. Ultimately the decision regarding transplantation from such donors lies with the transplanting team that should weigh the risk of donor tumor transmission against the risk of their patient dying on the waiting list.
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Melin, Claire, Ronald Miick, Nancy A. Young, Jorge Ortiz i Manjula Balasubramanian. "Approach to Intraoperative Consultation for Donor Liver Biopsies". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 137, nr 2 (1.02.2013): 270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2011-0689-ra.
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Context.— As demand for organs to treat end-stage liver disease increases, donor livers once deemed only marginally suitable for donation are being considered for transplantation. Pathologists are increasingly being asked to evaluate these livers for acceptability. This article provides guidelines for frozen section evaluation of livers for transplantation. Objective.— This article concentrates on the histopathologic features of transplant suitability with appropriate clinicopathologic correlation for the practicing pathologist. Recommendations for proper handling and sampling of tissue are discussed. Relative and absolute contraindications as well as artifacts and benign conditions are emphasized. Data Sources.— Sources include a compilation of the authors' experiences in academic and community liver transplantation centers. In addition, relevant medical literature was reviewed, as well as Web sites specializing in organ transplantation, such as Transplant Pathology Internet Services and the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network. Conclusions.— Malignancy and extensive necrosis in the liver are absolute contraindications to transplantation. Evaluation of macrosteatosis, fibrosis, hepatitis, and necrosis depends on the severity of disease and correlation with the clinical situation. Donor age of greater than 60 years does not preclude transplantation. Artifacts and benign conditions need to be understood to prevent wastage of precious organs and to ensure that an appropriate organ is provided for the recipient.
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Messias, Erick, i Christine E. Skotzko. "Psychiatric assessment in transplantation". Revista de Saúde Pública 34, nr 4 (sierpień 2000): 415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89102000000400018.
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The implementation of the presumptive donor law in Brazil is expected to increase the availability of organs for transplantation. As medical management of end-stage organ dysfunction continues to improve, increasing numbers of potential transplant recipients will be available to meet this supply. There is mounting evidence that supports the involvement of skilled psychiatric practitioners in the selection of transplant candidates. Data supporting the influence of psychosocial factors on compliance and therefore medical outcomes continues to grow. The literature review allows delineating the components and rationale for comprehensive psychosocial evaluations as a component of preoperative transplantation evaluation.
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Thulasi, P., Binu Upendran i Shyama Albert. "All about the New Timeline in Organ Transplantation". Kerala Surgical Journal 29, nr 2 (2023): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ksj.ksj_21_24.
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Abstract Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues (THOT) Act was enacted in 1994 by the Parliament of India to provide regulation of removal, storage and THOT for therapeutic purposes and for the prevention of commercial dealings in human organs and tissues. Under Section 9 of the 1994 Act, there is a mandate for the formation of Authorisation Committee, whose primary responsibility is to oversee and approve organ transplant procedures involving donors and recipients who are not near relatives. Although this approval is crucial and plays a critical role in the transplantation process to prevent illegal practices, the timeframe within which the Authorisation Committee should conduct interviews and make decisions is not prescribed in the Act. This has been causing significant delays in the transplant process and there have even been some cases where the recipients have in fact passed away, awaiting the decision of the Authorisation Committee. The Honourable High Court of Delhi has recently made a significant judgement and fixed the timeline for living donor organ transplantation on considering the petition filed by a patient and his donor for an order directing the Authorisation Committee to grant approval for kidney transplantation. This literature covers the analysis of the aforesaid judgement, an overview of the THO Act 1994 and the THO Rules 2014, the new timelines to be followed in the transplantation of organs and its implications.
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Pya, Yuryi, Aigerim Abdiorazova, Sholpan Altynova, Gulnur Daniyarova, Aruzhan Asanova i Saule Shaysultanova. "Solid Organ Transplantation in Kazakhstan: A Review on Current Situation and Challenges". Journal of Health Development 55, nr 1 (2024): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32921/2225-9929-2024-1-55-59-65.
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Transplantation is one of the important strategic directions of medicine in Kazakhstan, which has been intensively developing in recent years. Noteworthy progress is observed in the implementation of advanced transplantation technologies aligned with global standards within scientific institutions and regional clinics across the country. However, there are certain problems in this field associated with the shortage of organs, transplantation for individuals in advanced disease stages, the growing need for re-transplantation, and adverse effects associated with immunosuppressive therapy. In this review, we aim to summarize the current situation of solid organ transplantation in Kazakhstan and the challenges hindering transplantation in the country. A literature search encompassing the Cochrane Library, Medline, and EMBASE, spanning until December 2023, was conducted. Search was done manually and using the following keywords: transplantation in Kazakhstan, liver transplantation, kidney transplantation, heart transplantation, coordination centers, and immunosuppression. For the effective work of the transplant coordination service and the provision of donors to the population, an integrated approach is needed, including organization of educational campaigns to disseminate information among the population, expanding the network of transplant coordination centers, creating a donation model based on the presumption of consent, and eliminating the free disposal of human organs.
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Guzik-Makaruk, Ewa M., i Marta M. Perkowska. "Transplantation is Not Enough..., or on the Concept of Xenotransplantation". Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 52, nr 1 (1.12.2017): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/slgr-2017-0045.
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Abstract The paper presents the emergence of the concept of xenotransplantation which is a relatively new issue in the literature on the subject. It is due to the fact that transplants of animal organs are currently in the experimental phase. The main current problem of transplantology is the shortage of organs; hence, the search for new solutions has become an everyday challenge. If a way for the human body to tolerate animal organs could be found, transplant medicine and humanity would be in a completely different place. The authors introduce the concepts of transplantation and xenotransplantation and their origins, then they raise ethical issues related to this type of organ transplantation. Finally, the authors conclude that xenotransplantations have a chance to be “incorporated” (back again) in the “transplants” category when the experimental phase of xenotransplantation shifts to the implementation stage. Time will tell whether it will be possible.
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Bokek-Cohen, Ya'arit, Riad Abu-Rakia, Pazit Azuri i Mahdi Tarabeih. "The View of the Three Monotheistic Religions Toward Cadaveric Organ Donation". OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 85, nr 2 (czerwiec 2022): 429–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030222820947585.
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Religious concerns regarding the legitimacy of cadaveric organ donation have been found to be major inhibiting factors for people to consent to donate organs post-mortem for transplantation; this constitutes a major cause for the grave shortfall of available organs for transplantation. The purpose of this review is to explore the view of the three monotheistic religions, namely Christianity, Islam, and Judaism, toward cadaveric organ donation. The literature review reveals that all three monotheistic religions support cadaveric organ donation but within certain restrictions. We provide a detailed description of the approach of each religion and the inhibiting considerations as interpreted by religious authorities. Health professionals need to collaborate with faith leaders in order to optimize the education of the public of believers with regard to the benefits stemming from organ donation. Developing transplantation medicine does not depend solely on technical capabilities and expertise; rather, this development should go hand in hand with religious, traditional and cultural beliefs and rituals. Providing a believer with a religious authority about cadaveric organ donation is very effective in helping families and individuals cope with difficult and critical decisions.
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Lee, Chang-Kyu, Joo-Hee Kim i Su-Dong Kim. "A Study of improvement methods for determining brain death and organ transplantation". Wonkwang University Legal Research Institute 28 (31.12.2022): 229–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22397/bml.2022.28.229.
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The Act on Organ Transplantation makes it possible to judge brain death with the consent of the bereaved family, even if the donor does not express his/her intention to donate in writing before death, as long as the donor does not express his/her intention to the contrary. Legislation on long-term donations is a new area that was created relatively recently and is still developing with the development of medical and life science technology. It can be said that it is meaningful to examine the current state of overseas legal systems and the content of legislation in order to identify and improve the problems of laws related to transplantation of organs and other organs. In particular, Germany had an organ transplant scandal (Organspende-Skandal) based on changes in organ transplantation, followed by institutional changes. On this basis, we examined the long-term harvest requirements and consent of the German organ transplantation law and derived some improvements in our organ transplantation law.
First, as with the consent requirements for determining brain death, there is a problem as to whether or not the bereaved family can refuse the donation despite the donor's consent. If the bereaved family has inherent rights to the long-term donation after the donor's death, the bereaved family will naturally have the right to veto the long-term donation. In the Korean method of determining the scope of relatives, which does not allow such relatives to have the right of veto, it would be a problem to neglect the person's right to self-determination.
The second is the scope of long-term donors and recipients. Under the Organ Transplantation Law, family members or bereaved families are the subjects of consent or refusal of long-term donation of organs from donors. German long-term transplant law stipulates that close relatives and decision-making authority must only be given to the donor if they have had personal contact within the last two years prior to death. there is That is, close relatives are primarily spouses or registered Lebenspartners, children, parents, siblings and grandparents. In addition, if an arrangement is made among close relatives and there are multiple close relatives in the same position, it is sufficient if one of them satisfies the above circumstances.
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Cardoso, Liana Monteiro da Fonseca, Lucio Filgueiras Pacheco Moreira, Marcelo Alves Pinto, Andrea Henriques-Pons i Luiz Anastácio Alves. "Domino Hepatocyte Transplantation: A Therapeutic Alternative for the Treatment of Acute Liver Failure". Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2018 (2.07.2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2593745.
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Background and Aims. Acute liver failure (ALF) is a severe syndrome with an elevated mortality rate, ranging from 40 to 80 %. Currently, liver transplantation is the only definitive treatment for these patients and new therapies aiming to treat ALF include artificial organs implant and stem cells therapy, for example. However, a major limitation of liver donors exists. Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), split liver transplantation (SLT), and domino liver transplantation (DLT) are some of the available alternatives to treat ALF patients, but these do not reduce the number of patients on waiting lists. Herein, we discuss domino hepatocyte transplantation (DHT) using livers that would not meet transplantation criteria. Methods. We conducted a literature search on PubMed/Medline using acute liver failure, liver transplantation, hepatocyte transplantation, and domino liver transplantation as key words. Results. New sources of biochemically functional hepatocytes and therapeutic treatments, in parallel to organ transplantation, may improve liver injury recovery and decrease mortality rates. Moreover, the literature reports hepatocyte transplantation as a therapeutic alternative for organ shortage. However, a major challenge remains for a wide clinical application of hepatocytes therapy, i.e., the availability of sufficient amounts of cells for transplantation. Ideally, hepatocytes isolated from livers rejected for transplantation may be a promising alternative for this problem. Conclusion. Our review suggests that DHT may be an excellent strategy to increase cell supplies for hepatocyte transplantation.
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Smith, Lonnie. "Corticosteroids in Solid Organ Transplantation: Update and Review of the Literature". Journal of Pharmacy Practice 16, nr 6 (grudzień 2003): 380–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190003259838.
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Corticosteroids have been a constant in immunosuppressive regimens since the beginning of solid organ transplantation. Although the use of corticosteroids allowed the advancement of transplantation in the early years, this came at the price of numerous adverse events for patients. As the survival of transplanted organs has risen over the past several years, increasing attention has been focused on the management of long-term complications. Many of these long-term complications are directly related to the toxicities of immunosuppressive agents. Due to these toxicities, we have seen a resurgence in immunosuppressive protocols that utilize regimens designed to minimize these long-term complications. This has been accomplished by avoiding, reducing or withdrawing one or more medications from the multi-drug regimens. Corticosteroids, with their plethora of side affects, have been of major interest to the transplant community in terms of minimizing side affects by limiting exposure.
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Mazurkiewicz, Natalia, Agnieszka Nowak, Magdalena Hryhorowicz, Joanna Zeyland, Daniel Lipiński i Ryszard Słomski. "Virological aspects of non-human primates or swine-to human xenotransplantation". Folia Biologica et Oecologica 14 (30.12.2018): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fobio-2017-0008.
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There are a number of human diseases, which can lead to organ failure. The consequence is often the need for a transplant. The number of performed operations is very low due to the shortage of organs for transplantation. As a consequence, the number of people waiting for transplant is still growing. The solution to this situation may be xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation word comes from the Greek xenos meaning stranger, the other. It is defined as any procedure that involves the transplantation, implantation or infusion of tissues or zoonotic organs into a human recipient, but also human body fluids, cells, tissues, organs (or fragments) that have ex vivo contact with zoonotic cells, tissues or organs. One of the obstacles of the xenograft transplantation is the risk of animal pathogens transmission to the humans. Viruses that pose risk in the non-human primates-to-human xenotransplantation includes: the human immunodeficiency virus - HIV and the Marburg virus described in this paper. In addition viruses, which is a problem in pig-to-human xenotransplantation have also been described, including: porcine endogenous retrovirus - PERV, porcine cytomegalovirus - PCMV, porcine lymphotropic herpesvirus - PLHV and hepatitis E virus - E - HEV. This review of literature is the latest knowledge of the microbiological safety of xenotransplantation.
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Ciubotaru, Anatol, i Axel Haverich. "Ex vivo Approach to Treat Failing Organs: Expanding the Limits". European Surgical Research 54, nr 1-2 (24.10.2014): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000367942.
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Background: Advanced organ failure is often classified as an end-stage disease where the treatment options are limited only to transplantation. As an alternative, different attempts have been undertaken to improve the outcome of the treatment of failing organs by using targeted ex vivo approaches. This may solve the issue of organ shortage by treating the donor organs before transplantation and the number of patients requiring transplantation may also be reduced by applying extensive ex vivo treatment followed by autotransplantation. Methods: We performed a literature review of PubMed and included articles published between 1962 and 2013. The following keywords were used (and; or): ex vivo, therapy, surgery, organ perfusion and autotransplantation. This review includes specific methods and attempts related to ex vivo organ perfusion and preservation, temporary life support systems, surgical and other therapeutic approaches, and diagnostic methods applied ex vivo to an isolated organ. Results: For the practical clinical use of ex vivo therapies, we could identify three major directions: (1) ex vivo pretransplant organ reconditioning, (2) ex vivo surgery and (3) ex vivo medical treatment. Different attempts have been made worldwide in the above-mentioned areas focusing on ex vivo organ preservation and treatment. We summarize in the present review the developments in the field of ex vivo organ recovery and evaluate the possibilities of combining and applying different technologies such as organ perfusion and storage, ex vivo exact topographical diagnosis, ex vivo locoregional medical treatment and ex vivo surgical correction. Conclusion: Ex vivo therapies open new horizons in the treatment of end-stage organ pathologies.
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Hendrix, Ryan J., Paulo N. Martins, Jeffrey S. Stoff, Aaron Ahearn, Adel Bozorgzadeh i Babak Movahedi. "Successful Renal Transplantation after Presumed Cyanide Toxicity Treated with Hydroxocobalamin and Review of the Literature". Case Reports in Transplantation 2018 (9.09.2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3753479.
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We report two cases of successful renal transplantation with allografts from donors who suffered anoxic brain injury as the primary cause of death from house fires. Each was treated prophylactically with hydroxocobalamin (Cyanokit) for suspected cyanide toxicity. During organ procurement, gross examination was notable for deep discoloration of the parenchymal tissues. Approximately 6 and 18 months after transplantation, both recipients have excellent renal graft function and remain independent from hemodialysis (HD). Hydroxocobalamin is the antidote for suspected acute cyanide toxicity. While largely tolerated by the recipient, there is concern over the potential functional implications of the associated side effects of dramatic tissue discoloration and development of oxalate crystals. Furthermore, difficulties performing hemodialysis in patients treated with hydroxocobalamin have been reported due to discoloration of the effluent fluid impacting the colorimetric sensor, causing false alarms and repetitive interruptions. As such, many transplant centers in the United States (US) continue to reject these organs. We seek to highlight two cases of successful transplantation following donor administration of hydroxocobalamin (Cyanokit) and present the first documented case of successful perioperative intermittent hemodialysis following transplantation of an allograft exposed to hydroxocobalamin. Furthermore, we emphasize the importance of optimal organ utilization and caution against unnecessary refusal.
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Fernandes, Estevão Rafael, i Ana Karoline Nóbrega Cavalcanti. "Transplantation and native peoples: latin american perspectives from the brazilian Amazon". Cuadernos de Educación y Desarrollo 15, nr 9 (4.09.2023): 8061–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.55905/cuadv15n9-006.
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This article aims to investigate the reasons behind the absence of literature on organ transplantation among native peoples in Latin America, in contrast to the extensive literature on the subject in English-speaking countries. Given the increasing incidence of chronic diseases observed among Latin American indigenous peoples, a demand for organ transplantation among indigenous peoples is anticipated compared to other national contexts. However, meeting this demand is hindered by the need for a culturally sensitive vision on the part of public managers and the need for high-complexity planning and infrastructure in these countries. Therefore, the creation of a research network in the region is proposed to monitor the problem and generate data that can pressure these countries to provide transplant services to native peoples, with protocols that respect indigenous forms of consent, maintenance of fluids and organs, traditional knowledge, eschatology, and cosmology.
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Tilney, Nicholas L. "Transplantation and its biology: from fantasy to routine". Journal of Applied Physiology 89, nr 5 (1.11.2000): 1681–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.89.5.1681.
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The replacement of diseased organs and tissues by the healthy ones of others has been a unique milestone in modern medicine. For centuries, transplantation remained a theme of fantasy in literature and the arts. Within the past five decades, however, it has developed from a few isolated attempts to salvage occasional individuals with end-stage organ failure to a routine treatment for many patients. In parallel with the progressive improvements in clinical results has come an explosion in immunology, transplantation biology, immunogenetics, cell and molecular biology, pharmacology, and other relevant biosciences, with knowledge burgeoning at a rate not dreamed of by the original pioneers. Indeed, there have been few other instances in modern medicine in which so many scientific disciplines have contributed in concert toward understanding and treating such a complex clinical problem as the failure of vital organs. The field has been a dramatic example of evolution from an imagined process to an accepted form of therapy.
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Kira, E. F., V. F. Bezhenar i R. V. Demjanchuk. "Transplantation in gynecology". Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 47, nr 3-4 (15.12.1998): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd87473.
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Domestic and foreign literature on problems and prospects of transplantology at the last 30 years is analyzed. The scientific and practical preconditions for it development are considered. The main factors, detaining active introduction of transplantology in clinical activity are marked. Are mentioned legal and ethic questions. Problems transplantation immunity and storage donor organs are designated. Necessity of wider study of opportunities female genitale transplantation in experiment and in clinic is justified.
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Tawil, Justin N., Benjamin A. Adams, Alina Nicoara i Michael L. Boisen. "Noteworthy Literature Published in 2018 for Thoracic Organ Transplantation". Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 23, nr 2 (7.05.2019): 171–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1089253219845408.
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Publications of note from 2018 are reviewed for the cardiothoracic transplant anesthesiologist. Strategies to expand the availability of donor organs were highlighted, including improved donor management, accumulating experience with increased-risk donors, ex vivo perfusion techniques, and donation after cardiac death. A number of reports examined posttransplant outcomes, including outcomes other than mortality, with new data-driven risk models. Use of extracorporeal support in cardiothoracic transplantation was a prominent theme. Major changes in adult heart allocation criteria were implemented, aiming to improve objectivity and transparency in the listing process. Frailty and prehabilitation emerged as targets of comprehensive perioperative risk mitigation programs.
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Morsy, Mohamed, Mohammad Ayaz Hossain i Atul Bagul. "Exploring the Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells During Normothermic Organ Perfusion: A New Paradigm to Enhance Outcome Following Allograft Transplantation". Open Stem Cell Journal 5, nr 1 (30.11.2018): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876893801805010047.
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Background: Normothermic Machine Perfusion (NMP) has been established in the field of solid organ transplantation for both liver and kidney allografts. The ability to perfuse organs at body temperature enables viability assessment as well as optimisation prior to implantation. Discussion: A recent in vitro report of the use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) in the use of a normothermic lung perfusion circuit has raised the possibility of their use in solid organ transplantation. The aim of this short review is to outline the potential uses of bone marrow derived MSCs for their use in renal allograft ex vivo NMP. An overview is provided of current literature of NMP as well as theorised uses for MSCs.
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Khomyakova, Margarita, i Dmitry Bagretsov. "Combating the illegal transplantation as a prerequisite for the sustainable development of regions (on the example of Sverdlovsk region)". SHS Web of Conferences 94 (2021): 01018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219401018.
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The text of this article emphasizes that the history of transplantation as an independent medical industry originated in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the first successful operation to transplant human organs and tissues was performed there by the surgeon Yuri Voronoy. Today Russia is one of the world-leading powers where human organ and tissue transplant operations are performed. Among all the subjects of Russia where transplant operations are carried out, Sverdlovsk region occupies a special place: doctors in this region conduct successful operations on organ and tissue transplantation and make discoveries that are significant for Russian transplantology. The study of Russian laws and regulations regulating relations in the field of transplantology conducted by authors, as well as an analysis of the scientific literature showed that relations in the field of transplantology are not fully regulated by Russian legislation, including criminal law. On the territory of Sverdlovsk region in particular, as well as on the territory of Sverdlovsk region as a whole, it is possible, for example, to carry out transactions for the sale and purchase of human organs and tissues with impunity, if such transactions are not related to causing harm to the life and health of the victim. These deals are illegal, but not punishable. As the analysis of the practice carried out in the framework of this study has shown, the inhabitants of Sverdlovsk region suffered from the imperfection of the norms of Russian legislation regulating relations in the field of transplantology. While the residents of Sverdlovsk region are suffering from illegal transplantation, one cannot speak of the sustainable development of this region. The authors of the study, in order to combat illegal transplantation in Sverdlovsk region, propose that the regional authorities strengthen measures to improve the general legal literacy of the population, introduce a register of citizens' opinions on the posthumous transplantation of their organs and tissues, and introduce mandatory registration of transactions made in Sverdlovsk region, a subject of which are human organs and tissues.
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Glyantsev, S. P. "PHENOMENON OF DEMIKHOV. At N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute (1960–1986). Paradigm shift in homologous organ transplantation: from overcoming biological incompatibility to artificial immunological tolerance (1960–1970)". Transplantologiya. The Russian Journal of Transplantation 13, nr 3 (21.09.2021): 293–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.23873/2074-0506-2021-13-3-293-308.
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The analysis of literature on experimental and clinical transplantation for the period of the 1968–1969 demonstrated that in the period from 1960 to 1970 the world transplantation saw a paradigm change in the field of homoorgan transplant: instead of overcoming the incompatibility between the donor organ and the recipient's body by using biological and physiological methods to influence the organ, which V.P. Demikhov had been dealing with for many years; surgeons and scientists, first abroad, and then in the USSR started developing and applying the creation of artificial immunological tolerance by using various physical, chemical and biological methods to impact recipient's body. The change of paradigms significantly influenced the implementation of organ transplantation techniques in clinic, including those of vital organs, and the further development of clinical transplantology. The data on the first heart transplants in 1968 and lung transplants in 1963–1970 have been presented.
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Jakubauskiene, Lina, Matas Jakubauskas, Bettina Leber, Kestutis Strupas, Philipp Stiegler i Peter Schemmer. "Relaxin Positively Influences Ischemia—Reperfusion Injury in Solid Organ Transplantation: A Comprehensive Review". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, nr 2 (17.01.2020): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21020631.
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In recent decades, solid organ transplantation (SOT) has increased the survival and quality of life for patients with end-stage organ failure by providing a potentially long-term treatment option. Although the availability of organs for transplantation has increased throughout the years, the demand greatly outweighs the supply. One possible solution for this problem is to extend the potential donor pool by using extended criteria donors. However, organs from such donors are more prone to ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) resulting in higher rates of delayed graft function, acute and chronic graft rejection and worse overall SOT outcomes. This can be overcome by further investigating donor preconditioning strategies, graft perfusion and storage and by finding novel therapeutic agents that could reduce IRI. relaxin (RLX) is a peptide hormone with antifibrotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective properties. The main research until now focused on heart failure; however, several preclinical studies showed its potentials for reducing IRI in SOT. The aim of this comprehensive review is to overview currently available literature on the possible role of RLX in reducing IRI and its positive impact on SOT.
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Subramaniam, Kathirvel, i Soheyla Nazarnia. "Noteworthy Literature Published in 2016 for Thoracic Organ Transplantation Anesthesiologists". Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 21, nr 1 (marzec 2017): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1089253216688537.
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This article is first in the series to review the published literature on perioperative issues in patients undergoing thoracic solid organ transplantations. We present recent literature from 2016 on preoperative considerations, organ preservation, intraoperative anesthesia management, surgical techniques, postoperative complications, and the impact of perioperative management on short- and long-term outcomes that are pertinent to thoracic transplantation anesthesiologists.
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Jungwirth, J., Peter Mačinga, Jan Král, Pavel Taimr, Jiří Froněk, Julius Špičák i Tomáš Hucl. "Colorectal carcinoma after liver transplantation". Gastroenterologie a hepatologie 76, nr 4 (31.08.2022): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.48095/ccgh2022302.
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Summary: Introduction: Patients after liver transplantation (LTx) have an increased risk of developing malignancies, especially skin malignancies and lymphomas. Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies, its incidence may be higher after transplantation of certain organs. In liver transplant patients, the risk of developing CRC is not clearly known. Aim and methods: The aim of this work was to evaluate the incidence of CRC in patients after liver transplantation and to enrich these data with our own experience from our transplant center. Results: In the literature, the documented incidence of colorectal cancer ranges from comparable to twice as high, compared to the general population. Most studies evaluate incidence of different tumors after transplantatin of various organs irrespective of the indication for transplantation. An unequivocally proven risk factor is the presence of primary sclerosing cholangitis by ulcerative colitis, which is, however, a precancer in itself. Studies in which non-PSC and UC liver transplant recipients were evaluated separately mostly did not show an increased risk of CRC. Conclusion: According to most studies, the incidence of colorectal cancer in all liver transplant patients is slightly higher than in the general population. The risk of PSC/UC in liver transplant patients is significantly higher, which strongly supports the necessity of their regular endoscopic surveillance. In patients transplanted for other indications, the risk of developing CRC seems comparable with the general population. Posttransplant CRC is characterized by location in the right colon, diagnosis at a later stage and worse prognosis. Key words: transplantation – liver transplantion– colorectal carcinoma
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Shopova, Dobromira, Antoniya Yaneva, Desislava Bakova, Anna Mihaylova, Petya Kasnakova, Maria Hristozova, Yordan Sbirkov, Victoria Sarafian i Mariya Semerdzhieva. "(Bio)printing in Personalized Medicine—Opportunities and Potential Benefits". Bioengineering 10, nr 3 (23.02.2023): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10030287.
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The global development of technologies now enters areas related to human health, with a transition from conventional to personalized medicine that is based to a significant extent on (bio)printing. The goal of this article is to review some of the published scientific literature and to highlight the importance and potential benefits of using 3D (bio)printing techniques in contemporary personalized medicine and also to offer future perspectives in this research field. The article is prepared according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases were used in the literature search. Six authors independently performed the search, study selection, and data extraction. This review focuses on 3D bio(printing) in personalized medicine and provides a classification of 3D bio(printing) benefits in several categories: overcoming the shortage of organs for transplantation, elimination of problems due to the difference between sexes in organ transplantation, reducing the cases of rejection of transplanted organs, enhancing the survival of patients with transplantation, drug research and development, elimination of genetic/congenital defects in tissues and organs, and surgery planning and medical training for young doctors. In particular, we highlight the benefits of each 3D bio(printing) applications included along with the associated scientific reports from recent literature. In addition, we present an overview of some of the challenges that need to be overcome in the applications of 3D bioprinting in personalized medicine. The reviewed articles lead to the conclusion that bioprinting may be adopted as a revolution in the development of personalized, medicine and it has a huge potential in the near future to become a gold standard in future healthcare in the world.
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Smith, Natalie K., Jeron Zerillo, Nicolette Schlichting i Tetsuro Sakai. "Abdominal Organ Transplantation: Noteworthy Literature in 2018". Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 23, nr 2 (7.05.2019): 188–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1089253219842655.
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A PubMed search revealed 1382 articles on pancreatic transplantation, 781 on intestinal transplantation, more than 7200 on kidney transplantation, and more than 5500 on liver transplantation published between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2018. After narrowing the list down to human studies, 436 pancreatic, 302 intestinal, 1920 liver, and more than 2000 kidney transplantation studies were screened for inclusion in this review.
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Shchastny, A. T., A. V. Shulmin i E. V. Mikhnevich. "LEGAL LITERACY AND POPULATION ATTITUDE TO POST-DEATH DONATION AND ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION". Journal of the Grodno State Medical University 19, nr 6 (27.12.2021): 624–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25298/2221-8785-2021-19-6-624-628.
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The successful development of transplantation is not determined by the legal model, but by the positive public opinion regarding organ donation. Purpose: to analyze the attitude of the Belarusian population towards posthumous donation and organ transplantation and to identify the factors that affect it most. Material and methods: data collection was carried out through a questionnaire survey using a Google form; the sample size was 286 respondents. Data processing was carried out using the SPSS Statistics program by CHAID analysis. Results. 94.4% of the respondents have a positive attitude towards organ donation and transplantation, but only 50% of the respondents agree to the removal of their organs after death. People who have a positive attitude towards donation, as well as those who have minimal awareness and study the scientifi literature on this issue, are most inclined to do this. The main motive of people who agree to organ harvesting is the desire to save someone's life, the main motive for unwillingness to give such consent is fear of a medical error or malicious intent on the part of health workers. Conclusions. For the development of transplantation, it is necessary to create a positive public opinion regarding organ donation and transplantation and to increase the legal literacy of the population
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Wang, Ryan F., Erica J. Fagelman, Natalie K. Smith i Tetsuro Sakai. "Abdominal Organ Transplantation: Noteworthy Literature in 2020". Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 25, nr 2 (13.04.2021): 138–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10892532211007256.
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In 2020, we identified and screened over 490 peer-reviewed publications on pancreatic transplantation, over 500 on intestinal transplantation, and over 5000 on kidney transplantation. The liver transplantation section specially focused on clinical trials and systematic reviews published in 2020 and featured selected articles. This review highlights noteworthy literature pertinent to anesthesiologists and critical care physicians caring for patients undergoing abdominal organ transplantation. We explore a wide range of topics, including COVID-19 and organ transplantation, risk factors and outcomes, pain management, artificial intelligence, robotic donor surgery, and machine perfusion.
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Balayan, A. "Some Aspects of the Development of Medical Transplantology in the Works of Russian Authors (Literature Review)". Terapevt (General Physician), nr 2 (1.02.2020): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-12-2002-07.
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Despite the statistically substantiated relevance of the transplantation procedure among patients, there is an acute problem of the shortage of donor organs associated with various problems of a social, ethical and scientific nature in Russia. These problems have a significant impact on the development of national transplantology, affect the formation of areas of medical thought. During the period of absence of an alternative of an effective care for patients with severe organ failure, continuous improvement of the federal regulatory framework in the field of transplantology is required, as well as the study of the experience of other countries.
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Miranda, Luiz Eduardo Correia, Francisco Igor Bulcão de Macedo, Olival Cirilo Lucena Fonseca Neto i Cláudio Moura Lacerda. "Use of extended criteria of donors in liver transplantation". Brazilian Journal of Transplantation 10, nr 3 (1.06.2007): 774–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.53855/bjt.v10i3.342.
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The use of marginal/extended criteria for organ donors is a solution to the problem of organ donors shortage, and since its use has become more common worldwide, concerns on the effectiveness of such organs and the outcomes of the liver transplantation (LT) have been raised. In spite of the importance of the term, there is no consensus on the features of the marginal donors. Some parameters related to the features of those donors were found to have negative consequences: increasing donor or recipient age, longer cold ischemia time, hypotension and inotropic support, gender mismatch, after cardiac death donation, hearts that stopped beating, non-heart-beating donors, and macrosteatosis. This paper discusses some controversial issues found in the literature, and shares our experience related to the use of marginal/extended criteria of donor in liver transplantation.
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Romano, Diana N., Natalie K. Smith, Corey R. Vasisko, Jeron Zerillo i Tetsuro Sakai. "Abdominal Organ Transplantation: Noteworthy Literature in 2019". Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 24, nr 2 (28.04.2020): 159–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1089253220920497.
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In the year 2019, we identified and screened over 400 peer-reviewed publications on pancreatic transplantation, over 200 on intestinal transplantation, and over 1900 on kidney transplantation. The liver transplantation section focuses on and features selected articles among 70 clinical trials published in 2019. This review highlights noteworthy literature pertinent to anesthesiologists and critical care physicians caring for patients undergoing abdominal organ transplantation. We explore a broad range of topics, including risks for and prediction of perioperative complications, updated indications for transplantation, recommendations on perioperative management, including Enhanced Recovery After Surgery programs, and topics relevant to optimization of patient and graft outcomes and survival.
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Marchiori, Gregorio, Matteo Berni, Giorgio Cassiolas, Leonardo Vivarelli, Nicola Francesco Lopomo, Milena Fini, Dante Dallari i Marco Govoni. "Extra-Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation Cadaver Donors: What about Tissues Used as Allografts?" Membranes 11, nr 7 (19.07.2021): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11070545.
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Several studies demonstrated the efficacy of post-mortem extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) on donors in preserving organ function addressing organ transplantation. Nevertheless, no common and shared evidence was reached about the possibility of using ECMO donors in tissue harvesting. Therefore, this work aimed first to review the current scientific literature about ECMO donors, and then to focus on the use of ECMO tissues as allografts, mainly addressing musculoskeletal tissues, which are of the most interest for reconstruction. A search was conducted on the current scientific literature, focusing on the keywords “ECMO” and “Donor”. Several online databases were used, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. From the preliminary search, 478 articles were obtained, out of which 173 specifically reported the use of ECMO for donation and transplantation purposes. Literature reported extensive analyses of ECMO organs—overall from the abdomen—both in pre- and post-transplantation studies. On the other hand, ECMO tissues were explanted only in a very limited number of cases; moreover, no information was referred about their status and use. A revision of the current scientific literature highlighted the lack of information concerning ECMO tissues and the necessity to perform preclinical, ex vivo studies to compare allografts from ECMO donors, with respect to standard donors, and, thus, to verify whether they can be harvested and implanted safely and with efficacy.
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Maltsev, D. V. "IMMUNOGLOBULIN THERAPY IN TRANSPLANTATION OF ORGANS AND TISSUES. REVIEW". Medical Science of Ukraine (MSU) 13, nr 3-4 (30.11.2018): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.32345/2664-4738.3-4.2017.14.
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Relevance. The expediency of prescribing immunotherapy for the transplantation of solid organs is still the subject of discussions among transplantologists.
Objective. An analysis of key clinical trials devoted to the study of various aspects of the efficacy and safety of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in allogeneic solid organ recipients with consideration of possible indications for the use of immunotherapy in transplant practice according to the current evidence base.
Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis of the literature in depth in 20 years (1996-2016) in science-based databases PubMed, Scholar. Different approaches, different immunomodulating strategies (monotherapy, combination), different fields of application (transplantology, immunodeficiency states) were considered.
Results. Currently accumulated evidence is determined the efficacy and safety i/v immunoglobulin therapy in monotherapy or in combination with other immunomodulatory strategies such as plasmapheresis and rituximab for the prevention and treatment of rejection reactions of allogenic kidney, where present donor-specific antibodies. It also shows that i/v immunotherapy compensates secondary humoral immunodeficiency in recipients of allogeneic heart, thereby sharply reducing the risk associated with immunosuppression severe infections and increases the survival of patients. Of interest are studies on the efficacy of specific immunoglobulins in a transplantology.
Conclusions. Although in the case of transplanttion of solid organs, there is less evidence base of immunotherapy efficacy than in recipients of allogeneic bone marrow, through the now accumulated evidence that normal i/v human immunoglobulin can be used advantageously for the treatment and prevention of various infectious and immune-dependent complications in certain subgroups of patients with internal organs transplants or in nonstandard clinical cases as part of personalized medicine.
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Fazli, Fazal, i Toryalai Hemat. "Organ Donation and Transplantation and Their Ethics in the Light of Islamic Shariah". European Journal of Philosophy, Culture and Religion 7, nr 1 (28.05.2023): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ejpcr.1481.
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Purpose: Organ donation and transplantation are practices that are supported by all of the world's major religions, including Sikhism, Christianity, Hinduism, and Judaism. Recent developments in the fields of organ donation and organ transplantation have sparked a renewed sense of optimism for the treatment of critical illnesses. The jurists permitted organ transplants on the basis of certain principles, including ownership and categories of property. On the other hand, moralists strive to deny the ownership of human organs by using principles such as faith and Almighty Allah’s absolute authority. Then main objective of this research paper is on one hand to identify and emphasize arguments for and against organ donation and transplantation in the framework of scared provisions of Islam and its corresponding legal requirements and on the other hand to understand and teach the people that not only Islam allows organ donation but also encourage its followers to assist one another and make an effort to promote organ donations in society.
Methodology: The doctrinal methodology. Explanatory and analytical research approaches are used in this work. It is worth mentioning that this research study is entirely based on library sources. Most of the sources are reputable and trustworthy textbooks, scholarly published and unpublished journal articles, law reports, and online websites related to the research area.
Findings: According to the arguments as well as clear and explicit rulings, principles and authentic evidence from the Holy Quran, it is clear that the donation and transplantation of human body organs is permissible. The Holy religion of Islam persuades its followers to participate in charity, assist people, and donate organs to save the lives of those patients who are waiting for organ transplant.
Recommendations: Theoretically, this work is very useful in contributing to the existing body of literature of knowledge. Practically, this work identifies the circumstances in which Muslim jurists not only allow but encourage its followers to assist one another and make an effort to promote organ donations in society in order to save people’s life. It is recommended that both the donor and the recipient of an organ must belong to the same nationality or legal jurisdiction in order to prevent the growth of an international organ trade, which would be far more difficult to regulate. Additionally, in order to protect the health of both the recipients and the donors, it is imperative that transplants from unknown sources be prohibited.
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Al Saleh, Abdullah, M. Hasib Sidiqi, Angela Dispenzieri, Eli Muchtar, Francis Buadi, David Dingli, Martha Lacy i in. "Outcomes of patients with light chain amyloidosis who had autologous stem cell transplantation with three or more organs involved." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, nr 15_suppl (20.05.2019): 8011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.8011.
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8011 Background: Literature suggests that three or more organ involvement is a contraindication for autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) in light chain amyloidosis (AL). Most centers limit transplantation to patients who have no more than two organs significantly involved. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all patients with AL Amyloidosis involving three or more organs and who had ASCT between 1996-2015 at Mayo clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Results: Seventy five patients underwent ASCT with three or more organs involved. Median age at diagnosis was 54 years and 67% were males. The heart was involved in 95%, followed by kidneys (84%). Thirty eight patients (51%) had no induction treatment prior to ASCT. Full dose melphalan (200mg/m2) was given in 45%, and the remaining received a reduced dose (140mg/m2). Overall response rate (hematological) was 75%. The median progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 16.3 and 68.9 months, respectively. The 100-day mortality was 16% and overall forty four patients (59%) died during the follow up period. The most common causes of death were cardiovascular events (32%) and progressive amyloidosis (25%). On multivariable analysis, predictors for PFS were Mayo stage III/IV (RR 3.3, P = 0.0012) and hematological response (≥VGPR, RR 0.4, P = 0.012). An NT-ProBNP level of ≥2000 pg/ml was an independent predictor for shorter PFS (RR 2.6, P = 0.013). Predictors for OS included any hematological response (RR 0.1, P < 0.0001) and Mayo stage III/IV (RR 7, P < 0.0001). When looking at the NT-ProBNP, a level ≥2000 was prognostic (RR 5.5, P = 0.001). Number of organs involved (3 vs. 4-5) was not significant in either PFS or OS. Conclusions: We conclude that the high prevalence of cardiac involvement is the main driver for the poor outcome in patients who have three or more organs involved. Using selection criteria defined for safe transplantation in cardiac amyloidosis should result in low therapy-related mortality independent of the number of organs involved. The concept of considering patients with three organs involved ineligible for stem cell transplantation should be abandoned.
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Farid, Md Shaikh, i Tahrima Binta Naim Mou. "Religious, Cultural and Legal Barriers to Organ Donation: The Case of Bangladesh". Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 12, nr 1 (7.02.2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v12i1.50654.
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There is a substantial shortage of organs available for transplantation in Bangladesh. This has resulted in the commodification of organs. This study analyzes the religious, cultural, and legal barriers to organ donation in Bangladesh. It is based on the examination of available literature and primary sources i.e. religious decrees and opinions of religious leaders of faith traditions, and the Bangladesh Organ Donation Act, 1999. The literature was retrieved from databases, such as PubMed, BioMed, and Google Scholar using the key words: organ donation in Islam, organ donation in Bangladesh, organ donation and religions. The study found that although many Islamic scholars accept organ donation, both living and cadaveric, under some conditions, some Bangladeshi Muslim clerics oppose donation. They argue that organ retrieval violates the sanctity of the human body and retrieval of organs may harm a living donor or lead to death, and organ donation may encourage the commercialization of body parts. Both commercialization and harming oneself are considered sins. Thus, the divergent views of Muslim clerics are a major barrier to organ donation among the Bangladeshi Muslims. Cultural and social factors also have a negative impact. Most people desire to be buried with their bodies intact. Although the Bangladesh government promulgated the Bangladesh Organ Donation Act, 1999, and amended it in 2018, it restricted donors and recipients to members of the extended family, which also reduced the donor pool. This study argues that the Muslim Orthodox clerics’ stand against organ donation and other cultural and legal issues are the major obstacles to organ donation in Bangladesh.