Artykuły w czasopismach: „Literature and society – great britain – history”

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Lyons, Gene M. "The Study of International Relations in Great Britain: Further Connections". World Politics 38, nr 4 (lipiec 1986): 626–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2010170.

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Aside from language, students of international relations in the United States and Great Britain have several things in common: parallel developments in the emergence of international relations as a field of study after World War I, and more recent efforts to broaden the field by drawing security issues and changes in the international political economy under the broad umbrella of “international studies.” But a review of four recent books edited by British scholars demonstrates that there is also a “distance” between British and American scholarship. Compared with dominant trends in the United States, the former, though hardly monolithic and producing a rich and varied literature, is still very much attached to historical analysis and the concept of an “international society” that derives from the period in modern history in which Britain played a more prominent role in international politics. Because trends in scholarship do, in fact, reflect national political experience, the need continues for transnational cooperation among scholars in the quest for strong theories in international relations.

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Lutsenko, Nazarii. "FUNDAMENTAL INDICATION OF THE «SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP» BETWEEN THE USA AND GREAT BRITAIN". American History & Politics: Scientific edition, nr 16 (2023): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2521-1706.2023.16.5.

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The aim of this article is to shed light on the phenomenon of «special relations» between the United States of America and Great Britain. Despite the fact that the topic gained considerable attention in the academic literature and the term «special relations» is applied to different states and regions, it is necessary to understand its origins. The purpose of the article is to investigate the phenomenon of American-British relations, to analyze the historical and political view of the problem, and to formulate the characteristics of the relations between the United States and the United Kingdom. Chronological limits are determined by the first mention of the term in 1946 and the presidential term of D.Trump, who managed the office in 2017–2021. Methodology of the article. Hypotheses were tested through historiographical analysis and the historical-comparative method were used to analyze published studies on the history of «special relations». The scientific novelty of the study consists in determining the peculiarities of relations between the United States and Great Britain during the tenure of Donald Trump. Therefore, the «special relationship» is a unique historically formed complex of interaction between the USA and Great Britain, which is manifested in various spheres of public life: political (to have an opportunity for better implementation of their own foreign policy), military (the USA and the United Kingdom have an unprecedented level of mutual trust and cooperation in the field of intelligence and nuclear programs), cultural (the historical memory of both nations makes American and British society sensitive to the problems of their «English-speaking neighbours»). We consider it necessary to highlight the following features of American-British relations:the long-term historical interaction that brought the two nations closer together and laid the foundation for relations between the United States and Great Britain; the common ideology of liberalism; cooperation provides an opportunity to better implement one’s own foreign policy; close relations between political figures of states; relations are characterized by periodic «approaching and distancing», which create new challenges for the allies. Each of these features is traced in the relations between the USA and Great Britain and during the administration of Donald Trump. Both states faced a number of challenges in international politics, due to the crisis state of the modern system of international relations. The governments of the United States and the United Kingdom have demonstrated the ability to compromise in critical situations, that proves the uniqueness of such an alliance.

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Kelsall, Frank. "Not as Ugly as Stonehenge: Architecture and History in the First Lists of Historic Buildings". Architectural History 52 (2009): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066622x00004135.

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Four years ago Peter Draper, as your recently retired president, described his lecture as valedictory and therefore self-indulgent in its choice of topic. What a useful precedent. I hope I am not over self-indulgent to the extent of being too autobiographical, but the subject does relate to my personal experience of the practice of architectural history in the conservation of historic buildings. The history of building conservation is now developing its own quite substantial literature to which this is a small contribution. To some extent this lecture is as much about bureaucracy as about architecture, for much of my life has been spent as an official in the public service. But, so that the lecture is properly historical, most of what I will talk about happened before I was involved.One major difference between the British and American Societies of Architectural Historians is that the American Society has always involved itself in building preservation issues, whereas the Society of Architectural Historians of Great Britain does not. This recognizes the different circumstances in each country. In Great Britain we have many amenity societies directed to conservation matters; most of us will belong to one or more of them and they are centres of quite extraordinary expertise. But in view of what I will say later, it is notable that in an account of a meeting in March 1941 in Washington, reported in the first volume of the American Society’s journal, Henry-Russell Hitchcock commented on the merits of the Historic American Buildings Survey, but added that selections by local groups often lacked historical perspective and ignored anything later than the Greek Revival; that there was excessive preservation of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century houses in New England without regard to architectural merit; and that primary monuments of modern architectural history were wantonly destroyed. As concerns the latter, he cited, among others, Richardson’s Marshall Field Warehouse, and a threat to Wright’s Robie House. The representative of the National Parks Service said that 1870 was about the date limit for a building to be regarded as of interest, though the Vanderbilt House of 1895 had recently been acquired, and that attention was also being paid to groups of buildings.

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Renshaw, Daniel. "Monsters in the Capital: Helen Vaughan, Count Dracula and Demographic Fears in fin-de-siècle London". Gothic Studies 22, nr 2 (lipiec 2020): 148–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/gothic.2020.0046.

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This article examines the confluence of fears of demographic change occasioned by Jewish migration to Britain between 1881 and 1905 with two key gothic texts of the period – Arthur Machen's The Great God Pan (1894) and Bram Stoker's Dracula (1897). The descriptions of the activities of the demonic protagonists Helen Vaughan and Count Dracula in London will be compared with contemporary depictions of Jewish settlement by leading anti-migrant polemicists. Firstly, it will consider the trope of settlement as a preconceived plan being put into effect directed against ‘Anglo-Saxon’ English society. Secondly, it will look at ideas of the contested racial inferiority or superiority of the ‘other’. Thirdly, the article will examine the imputed chameleonic natures of both gothic monsters and Jews rising up the metropolitan social scale. The article will conclude by comparing the way Machen's and Stoker's protagonists deal with their opponents with posited ‘solutions’ for the Eastern European immigration ‘problem’.

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Норец, М. В., i Н. Н. Кислицына. "The theme of civilization crisis in the short story "England, My England" by D. H. Lawrence". Cherepovets State University Bulletin, nr 1(112) (15.02.2023): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.23859/1994-0637-2023-1-112-13.

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Раскрытию проблемы разрушения цивилизации посвящена новелла Д. Г. Лоуренса “England, My England”. Поиск направлений самоопределения в литературе встречается довольно часто: личностного самоопределения, себя в этом мире и идеального общества. Новелла Д. Г. Лоуренса “England, My England” была написана автором в тяжелые времена Британской истории: Первая мировая война, разруха и бедность населения, формирование Соединенного Королевства Великобритании и Северной Ирландии. Все эти процессы волновали не только историков и политологов, а также нашли свое отражение в литературе этого периода. D. H. Lawrence's short story "England, My England" considers the problem of the civilization destruction. The search for directions of self-determination in literature is quite common: personal self-determination, finding oneself in this world and an ideal society. D. H. Lawrence's short story "England, My England" was written by the author during the difficult times of British history: the First World War, devastation and poverty of the population, the formation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. All these processes were of concern not only to historians and political scientists, but were also reflected in the literature of this period.

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Trigg, Christopher. "Thomas Prince’s Travels and the Invention of Britain". Early American Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 21, nr 4 (wrzesień 2023): 507–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/eam.2023.a912120.

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ABSTRACT: From 1709 to 1711, Thomas Prince (1687–1758), recent Harvard graduate and future minister of Boston’s Old South Church, traveled between Boston, Barbados, and London. His travel journal (now in the collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society) excerpted passages from English poetry and popular song from the previous five decades. By transcribing the works of a politically and religiously diverse range of authors (Whig and Tory, Nonconformist and Anglican), Prince made the case for a tolerant, patriotic, and cosmopolitan Britishness. In late February and early March 1710, while Prince was in London, Anglican minister Henry Sacheverell was impeached by Parliament for preaching a sermon questioning Nonconformists’ loyalty. During his trial, anti-Dissenter rioting broke out in London and spread across England and Wales. As Prince transcribed poems for and against Sacheverell, he bemoaned the factional contention that was undermining British unity. In the middle of the nineteenth century, Chandler Robbins Gilman and Chandler Robbins, both great-grandnephews of Prince, incorporated brief excerpts from his travel journal in fictional tales and sketches. Gilman and Robbins used these fragments to symbolize the cultural continuity between England, New England, and the United States, overlooking the contingency and fragility of British identity in Prince’s account.

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Merenkova, Olga N., i Igor Yu Kotin. "Problems of British Bangladeshis’ Adaptations". Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies 13, nr 3 (2021): 331–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2021.302.

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The novel Brick Lane by British writer Monica Ali provides a vivid sketch of the life of Bangladeshis both at home and in London, where the largest community of people from Bangladesh lives outside South Asia, primarily natives of Sylhet County. The book got its name due to the street, which has become a distinctive center of concentration for Bengalis in the capital of Great Britain. Ali’s novel Brick Lane can be regarded as a source on the recent history and ethnography of Great Britain and Bangladesh. The novel examines the peculiarities of the acculturation of Bengalis in England, identifies the points of conflicts between the host society and migrants, the growth of domestic racism in the place of concentration of migrants perceived as outsiders and the threat to traditional British values. The main characters of the novel — spouses Chanu and Nazneen, as well as their daughters — found themselves at the junction of two worlds: the European metropolis and the Asian rural hinterland. The work also depicts the conflict between representatives of different generations: between labor migrants, who arrived in England twenty or thirty years ago, recently arrived migrants and between descendants of migrants born in London who consider England as their homeland and Bangladesh as a distant country. Ali in her novel describes options for a way out of the conflict of civilizations in which the main characters were involved. Shanu, unable to achieve career growth and improve his social status, decided to leave London, while Nazneen and their daughters preferred to remain in the city.

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BUSHUEVA, ELVIRA V., TATYANA I. DIANOVA, OLGA N. IVANOVA, LYUDMILA I. GERASIMOVA, ANDREY G. PETROV i IRINA D. SITDIKOVA. "HISTORY AND REALITY OF APPLICATION THE 6 MINUTE WALK TEST IN CHILDREN". Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine 16, nr 2 (kwiecień 2023): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20969/vskm.2023.16(2).72-79.

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ntroduction. The application of the 6-minute walk test to assess the functional status of a patient is a safe, simple and easily accessible method in assessing the patient’s functional abilities, the effectiveness of treatment and rehabilitation and the prognosis of various diseases. Aim. TTo analyze the scientific medical literature containing the application of the 6-minute walk test in assessing the functional status of children and adolescents. Material and methods. The test was first described in 1963 in adult patients with diseases of the bronchopulmonary system, with subsequent improvements the test was used in patients with heart disease and became a simple objective indicator of functional physical performance. After the adoption of the standards for the 6-minute walk test by the American Thoracic Society jointly with the European Respiratory Society (2002), widespread application began not only in patients, but also in healthy adults. For the first time, the 6-minute walk test among healthy children was conducted in 2005 in China, later control test values, percentile curves, reference equations and formulas were presented by Austria, Great Britain, the USA, etc. Scientists confirmed the safety and simplicity of the 6-minute walk test, proved a high correlation of the test with gender, height, age, weight, body mass index, pulse and blood pressure, arm span, etc. They proved that the ethnicity and geographical differences of the subjects are very important indicators that affect the test results. In the Russian Federation, the implementation of the 6-minute walk test is limited to sick children and regulatory values, and we have not found reference formulas. Conclusion. The reference values obtained for the 6-minute walk test in healthy children in one country should not be used for children in other countries, since the analysis showed a significant difference in the control values of the distance traveled.

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Pedraza-Bailey, Silvia. "Immigration Research: A Conceptual Map". Social Science History 14, nr 1 (1990): 43–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200020642.

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A veritable boom in immigration research has taken place in the last 15 years. The purpose of this article is to provide a conceptual map, a way of presenting the issues and approaches that pertain to the topic, to guide us through the vast territory immigration research now encompasses. As this boundless growth in immigration research has occurred across the social sciences, this review of the literature is not intended to be exhaustive but merely illustrative of what sociologists, historians, and anthropologists have contributed. Since America is the quintessentially immigrant society, the focus is on American immigration, but the theoretical issues this review highlights can be applied equally well to other societies with histories of immigration and racial or ethnic relations, such as Great Britain or Brazil. Increasingly, immigration research is one of the topics where sociologists and historians meet (research on revolutions is another), although they meet in much the same fashion that one sometimes arrives at a party and is much surprised to find out who else is there. Our common research interests increasingly bring us together, although not without a fair amount of surprise and trepidation.

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Kondrasheva, Alla, i Stavris Parastatov. "The Process of Westernization of the Balkans after WWII: The Cases of Greece and Bulgaria". Balkanistic Forum 30, nr 1 (5.01.2021): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v30i1.2.

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The high significance of the Balkan geopolitical knot was clearly expressed in the bipolar era when the main frontier between the two warring blocks passed through the Balkans. Due to the secret ‘Percentages Agreement’ between Great Britain and the USSR in 1944, the Balkans were divided into spheres of influence of the two great powers. Subsequently, London ceded the role of the main source of Western influence in the region to Washington.Of particular interest are the cases of Greece and Bulgaria as border countries that found themselves in different ‘worlds’ and, given the geostrategic importance of their territories, which were the main ideological instruments and conductors of ideas in the Cold war of the hegemons that stood behind. The Truman Doctrine in 1947 and NATO membership in 1952 strengthened and institutionalized Western influence in Greece. Westernization of Greek society in the form of liberalization and democratiza-tion of social relations and consequently its political system proceeded rapidly with a relatively short interval of the military dictatorship.Greece was assigned the role of a model for the rapid and successful develop-ment of a western country, a bridgehead for the dissemination of anti–communist ide-as in other countries of the Balkan region, primarily Bulgaria. Besides, due to the establishment of a strict pro–Soviet regime in Sofia, the westernization of Bulgarian society was carried out including through intelligence agencies, and after a certain thaw in relations through economic cooperation.

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Abdurahmanov K.R. "Expected effects of euro 2020 games for the economy and society in Azerbaijan". Scientific News of Academy of Physical Education and Sport 2, nr 1 (14.12.2020): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.28942/ssj.v2i1.209.

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Countries such as France, the USA, Great Britain or Greece are common names of host nations for some of the biggest global sport events, such as the Olympic Summer and Winter Games, the FIFA World Cup or UEFA European Championships (EUROs).During recent years, there is a trend that some of these mega events moved to comparably less developed or developing countries such as South Africa, Brazil, Russia or Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan started to host mega sport events in 2015 with hosting the 1st European Games. Since then, the country continued to host sport events such as regular Formula 1 races or the 4th Islamic Solidarity Games. In 2019, Baku hosted for the first time the final of the UEFA Europa League, a prestigious European club football competition. That game could be seen as a kind of dress rehearsal for the upcoming games of the EURO 2020. For the first time in history, the EURO will be staged in 12 different cities from all over Europe. Three group stage games as well as a quarter final will be played at Baku Olympic Stadium. This will be the biggest event so far that Azerbaijan took responsibility to host. Since the beginning of such types of sport mega events, policy makers and managers speculated about the potential beneficial effects of hosting such events for both the society in general and the (local) economy in particular.This study will contribute to the literature by investigating the potential effects of hosting EURO 2020 games in a developing country, i.e. Azerbaijan. The research question is: What are the expected effects of EURO 2020 games for the economy and society in Azerbaijan?

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Ivankiva, Marina V. "Children’s literature and human-canine culture: Transformations of James M. Barrie’s dog Nana in cross-cultural translation". Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Filologiya, nr 81 (2023): 188–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19986645/81/10.

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The representation of dogs in children’s literature forms the subject of this article. It is framed within the concept of human-canine societies introduced by the French anthropologist Dominique Guillot who claimed that alongside any human society there exists a hybrid society formed by human beings and dogs in which dogs are regarded as its full members. Such societies exist in each country and they generate their own cultures that are developed gradually through ontogenetic ritualization but may change over time. The focus of the following research is the interconnection between children’s literature and such human-canine cultures. I claim that children’s literature is influenced by them and influences them at the same time. The key figure of the research, the Scottish writer James M. Barrie, not only gave dogs the status of full members of the society but endowed them with the status of his muses in his personal, public, and literary life. His own dog, a landseer Newfoundland called Luath, was his pet, friend, muse, and a prototype for Nana, a nanny dog from Barrie’s most famous play Peter Pan, or the Boy Who Wouldn’t Grow Up. I aim to study and analyze the transformations that occur to Nana when the play was staged, adapted, illustrated and published into a different human-canine culture. The source material of the study is a draft version of the play, the first published version of the play, illustrations for numerous British and American adaptations of the Peter Pan story, and the first Soviet edition of the play. The three parts of the article describe the history of the creation of Nana and the formation of her iconography in Great Britain; the history of the first American production and two further adaptations of the play, as well as the changes that Nana underwent in the American tradition; the history of the first translation of the play in the USSR and the work of the translator and artist in the construction of the Soviet Nana. I come to the conclusion that the image of Nana is formed in the period of time when the contemporary human-pet culture was introduced and incorporated into British mindset. I prove that Nana was Luath’s copy: his character and even his black marks were recreated in Nana’s costume. Moreover, Barrie’s popularity and his daily walks with Luath in Kensington Gardens turned the writer and his dog a landmark in London, so the British iconography of Nana developed rapidly and practically did not change over time. In the United States and the Soviet Union, the countries with their own unique human-dog cultures, Nana was transformed into a St. Bernard and a Cocker Spaniel respectively. Such transformations may be explained by different reasons. While in the United States this is a consequence of the blend of Luath with Barrie’s first dog, St. Bernard Porthos, which the writer himself confessed, in the USSR the reasons were rooted in politics and ideology which to a large extent influenced Soviet human-canine culture and hence the representation of dogs in children’s books.

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Alieva, Liudmila V., Lidia V. Antonova i Tatiana G. Khrishkevich. "Contemporary historiography on the phenomenon of the social cohesion in the period of the Second World War". Journal of the Belarusian State University. History, nr 4 (31.10.2019): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2019-4-7-16.

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The historiography of World War II is one of the most extensive research topics in historical science. Over the years, a comprehensive study of the military, political and economic history of wartime has been conducted. Particular attention during recent decades has been given to the social aspects of the war. However, the topic of social cohesion in the warring countries remains insufficiently analyzed. Thus, the main objective of the article is to analyze the current state of research on social cohesion in the context of World War II in contemporary British, German and Russian historical literature. The present study of the reflection of cohesion problems in Soviet Union, Great Britain and Germany during World War II is based on the principles of a new interdisciplinary branch of social science – anthropology of war. It integrates the achievements, subject areas and research tools of history, sociology, military psychology, cultural studies, pedagogy, medicine and other disciplines that study the existence of people and society at large in wartime conditions. A comparative analysis of the chosen historiography shows that at the present stage there is a commonality of approaches among historians related to interest in certain personalities, everyday life during World War II and war’s gender dimension. The differences in assessments and methods are determined by the role and place of a particular state in the military-political confrontation as well as by prevailing historiographical paradigms. In any case, the theme of social cohesion was not adequately reflected in these studies. In conclusion, the authors note the research potential of analyzing the problems of social cohesion during World War II.

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Clinton, Jerome W. "François De Blois: Persian literature: a bio-bibliographical survey begun by the late C. A. Storey. Vol. v, Part 2: Poetry ca. A.D. 1100 to 1225. [iv], 241–584 pp. London: Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 1994. £18.50." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 59, nr 2 (czerwiec 1996): 379–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00031931.

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Mehrabi, Kimia. "Authority and Instability: Investigating Jane Austen’s View of the Church and Clergy in Pride and Prejudice". International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 5, nr 6 (13.06.2022): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2022.5.6.10.

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The Church of England, the greatest Anglican establishment and the symbol of Great Britain's imperialism, has been the juncture of English history and literature throughout history. Although, after industrialization, the British society went toward a religious reformation in the Victorian era, some historians consider the early nineteenth century England as the 'Golden age' of England's ecclesiastical imperialism. Jane Austen, in her six published novels, has scrutinized the true essence of the Church of England from her specific glasses of sharpness. So, with reference to Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, this paper engages in questioning whether her works, as famous literary works of the nineteenth century which satirically depict the original social context of the time, influenced the social mind toward the Victorian reformation. In Pride and Prejudice, Miss Austen doubts the power and real position of the church and shows her disdain for religion through the foolish narrow-minded characterization of the story's clergyman: Mr. William Collins. The present study aims to illuminate the true essence of The Church of England during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century according to what Jane Austen has depicted in her novel Pride and Prejudice. Hence, this paper first probes into the religious climate of the pre-Victorian era, then it investigates Jane Austen's role, as one of the greatest writers of the age, in Victorian religious reformation, and lastly, the study aims to conclude how the British society led to the decline of religion and ecclesiasticism in the modern age.

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Clinton, Jerome W. "François De Blois, Persian literature: a bio-bibliographical survey begun by the late C. A. Storey. Vol v, Part 3: appendix ii-iv, addenda and corrigenda, indexes. [iv;] 585–668 PP. London: Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 1997. £14;. 95." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 61, nr 2 (czerwiec 1998): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00014105.

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Barysheva, E. A. "Helping the School: Electronic Learning Resources of Foreign Libraries". Proceedings of SPSTL SB RAS, nr 1 (6.05.2023): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20913/2618-7515-2023-1-46-54.

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The transition from an information society to a knowledge society gives libraries a chance to overcome the crisis by transforming themselves into educational institutions of a new type, providing quality information and educational services that promote cognitive and creative activities. An important place among them belongs to programs and projects for the creation and promotion of electronic learning resources intended for schoolteachers and students, i.e. for the audience, which directly determines the society we will have to live in the near future. The aim of the article is to consider the experience of major foreign libraries in preparing electronic learning (e-Learning) resources for schools from the perspective of their possible use by Russian libraries in the light of the tasks set to strengthen the role of cultural and educational organizations in the historical and cultural enlightenment and upbringing of the growing generation. The object of the article is the resources of own generation (or created in cooperation with other institutions) of national and regional libraries in the USA, Great Britain, and Australia, related to the methodological support of the educational process in schools. The study of the content of these resources made it possible to identify several main groups with different purposes: training in the skills of working with primary sources; promotion of classical literature and reading; assistance to subject teachers in their work with current social and political issues; development of regional / local history knowledge. Examples explored are electronic learning resources for schools posted in dedicated sections or on the web portals of the Library of Congress (USA, Washington), the National Library of Australia, the British Library, the Florida State Library and Archives, the State Library of Victoria (Australia, Melbourne) the National Library of Scotland, and the National Library of Wales. The study has shown that national and regional libraries of the above-mentioned countries place a high priority on the preparation of electronic learning resources for schools. Creation of such resources helps libraries to solve important tasks: to popularize their collections and electronic resources; to expand the circle of regular readers by attracting schoolchildren; to enhance the prestige of the library as an important cultural and educational institution involved in forming the worldview and raising the intellectual level of the younger generation. Due to their social significance, such projects, as a rule, have state or regional funding; grants are widely practiced. The article pays special attention to the interaction between libraries and other cultural institutions in preparing joint electronic learning resources for schools, as well as to the promotion of such resources among the teaching community, primarily through close cooperation with pedagogical organizations.

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Fedotov, S. P. "The role of metropolitan Anthony Surozhsky (Bloom) in building relations between the Russian orthodox church and the church of England in the XX century". History: facts and symbols, nr 4 (20.12.2023): 144–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24888/2410-4205-2023-37-4-144-155.

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Introduction. The article is devoted to the consideration of the role of the metropolitan Anthony Bloom of Sourozh in the development of relations between the Russian Orthodox Church and the Church of England. The personality of the metropolitan Anthony is connected with the formation of the Surozh diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church. In addition, Father Anthony assisted in the functioning of the Commonwealth of Saint Albania and Reverend Sergius, an Orthodox Anglican organization. The organization began its work in 1928. In this organization, Father Antony Bloom began his service in England in the role of spiritual director. Materials and Methods. Important sources for this article were the writings of Antony Bloom himself, where he describes the pages of his biography, tells about his work in England. In addition, information from publicist literature was also used. An important source was information from the website of the Foundation for the Spiritual Heritage of the Metropolitan Anthony Surozhsky. It contains memoirs of contemporaries and Bloom's own articles. It is also important to note the works of N.M. Zernov, a Russian emigrant, one of the initiators of the Commonwealth of St Albans and Reverend Sergius. N.M. Zernov invited Fr Anthony to England to conduct the work of the Commonwealth. N.M. Zernov together with his wife in the journal "Sobornost" left a series of his memoirs about the activities of the organization. In these memoirs there is a reference to the role of Antony Bloom in the development of relations between the Russian Orthodox Church and the Church of England in the 20th century. Results. The author concludes that Father Anthony Bloom conducted active missionary work among English society. This allowed to increase the number of Orthodox believers in England. During the period of Antony Bloom's ministry, new parishes of the Russian Orthodox Church were opened in Great Britain. Father Anthony assisted in the activities of the Commonwealth of St Albans and Reverend Sergius. Conclusion. In the twentieth century there were a number of events that affected the decline in co-operation between the ROC and the Church of England. However, thanks to individual representatives of the Russian emigration, the relationship between the ROC and the Church of England not only survived, but continued to develop with greater vigour. To a greater extent this result is due to the personality of Metropolitan Anthony Surozhsky Bloom. He conducted work with believers and was engaged in explaining the fundamentals of the Orthodox faith on radio and television. This great work contributed to the development of dialogue between the Orthodox and Anglicans. Anthony Bloom was a participant in important events in the history of the dialogue between Orthodox and Anglicans in the second half of the 20th century.

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Ferguson, Frank. "Northern Soulscapes: Writing through Brexit in the work of Gerald Dawe, Angela Graham and Dara McAnulty". Porównania 30, nr 3 (27.12.2021): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/por.2021.3.3.

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At a time of when the global crises of pandemic and climate change could be said to offer sufficient challenges to life in the British and Irish Isles, the implementation of Brexit provides a further gargantuan difficulty. Borders, bureaucracies and belief systems dissolve like the certainty that subjects once felt to their connection to states or Unions. Or new borders and systems appear, bringing with them unwieldy new protocols and practices. Shelves empty, goods sit locked in containers; caught up in the holding pattern of another new normal of online retail inertia. Dislocation, fear and anger rise. The epicentre of the Brexit shambles can be said to be located in the ever betwixt and between location of Northern Ireland. Here with its newly imposed sea border with Great Britain and its maintenance of European Union relations with the Republic of Ireland we see a fractured and fractious society struggling as ever to come to terms with how to balance the aspiration of opposing ideologies and national ambitions with an additional level of chaos. In a time of catastrophe what can literature do? This question, often posed during “The Troubles” has very much come back to be painfully reiterated to writers, readers and critics at a time of multiple lockdowns. However, if an examination is made of publishing in Ireland in the last couple of years, we see a buoyant press offering a number of intriguing responses to the significance and efficacy of literature to respond to the current human predicament. In this article I will examine the work of three contemporary writers, Gerald Dawe, Angela Graham, and Dara McAnulty. I will argue that their use of genre (memoir, short story, nature diary) provides a fresh and robust response to the chaotic present of Northern Irish political life. In their separate ways they contest the fixed, static and impermeable political echo chamber of Northern Ireland. Dawe, I contend, seeks a means through his autobiographical work to retrace time and space in the history of the province and articulate alternative ways of interpreting the past. He is able to draw sustenance and restoration from often overlooked times of possibility in his own and the wider story of Belfast. In Graham’s case, I would suggest that her bold and assertive first collection of short stories provides an acerbic and raw inspection of the past but one that also provides glimpses of reconciliation and genuine hope in the face of trauma. I conclude by exploring the work of McAnulty. Ostensibly a diary that traces his engagements with nature, his book is a tour de force that reimagines Ireland as a location gripped in the ravages of the Anthropocene startlingly brought to life by a young man faced with the challenges of autism. Part memoir, part praise poem to nature, it is a remarkable coming of age non-fiction work, which along with Dawe’s and Graham’s writing suggests that Northern Irish literature offers a broad and brilliant retort to the current local and global calamities that we face.

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Shastalo, Vira. "VICTORIAN VIRTUES IN TEACHING “LITERATURE OF GREAT BRITAIN”". Scientific Journal of Polonia University 31, nr 6 (20.12.2018): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/3109.

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The article is dedicated to the problem of Victorian system of values reflected in the British literature studied at the department of foreign languages. The paper distinguishes the most relevant and typical virtues of the British society in the 19th century.

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García Asuero, Agustín. "Chemical Society Y Pharmaceuthical Society Of Great Britain: Parallel Lifes". Anales de la Real Academia Nacional de Farmacia, nr 90(02) (1.07.2024): 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2024.90.02.03.

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This report reviews the creation and beginnings of two important scientific societies, the “Chemical Society of London”, and the “Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain”. The similarity is noted in terms of their starting point and establishment of specific objectives, e.g., the practice of chemistry. Differences are observed in the admission criteria, which are more restrictive by the “Chemical Society”. Both societies are the result of the process of differentiation of science, and the reaffirmation of professional sentiment and the rights associated with the practice of the trade. Key figures are reviewed in both cases, highlighting in the case of the “Chemical Society” the German influence on British chemistry. The search for a headquarters that satisfies the material needs and the fulfilment of the entrusted missions involves a long pilgrimage. The “Chemical Society of London” soon became the “Chemical Society” and later became the “Royal Society of Chemistry”. The “Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain” became the “Royal Pharmaceutical Society” over the years. Keywords: Chemical Society of London; Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain; history

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Hettich, Paul I. "Professional Development in Great Britain without Faculty Exchange". Teaching of Psychology 21, nr 3 (październik 1994): 181–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009862839402100317.

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The literature on faculty exchange with Great Britain demonstrates its value for professional development, but an exchange may not be possible or desirable. This article summarizes a semester-long sabbatical leave that involved part-time teaching, library research, visits to several British universities, and attendance at a British Psychological Society conference. Resources and practical considerations are discussed.

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McLaughlin, Neil G. "A history of sociology in Britain: Science, literature, and society". Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 42, nr 2 (2006): 186–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhbs.20145.

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Miziniak, Helena. "Polish Community in Great Britain". Studia Polonijne 43, Specjalny (20.12.2022): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/sp2243.5s.

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The article presents the activity of Poles in Great Britain in the 20th century, beginning with the end of World War II, when a large group of Polish refugees and veterans settled in the UK. In 1947, the Federation of Poles was established to represent Polish community in Great Britain. The Association of Polish Women (1946) and the Relief Society for Poles (1946) were also formed at the same time. The article shows the involvement of the Polish community in Great Britain in the context of Polish history. This involvement included the organisation of anti-communist protests, carrying out various actions to inform people about the situation in Poland, organising material aid, supporting Poland at the time of the system transformation, and supporting Poland’s accession to the European Union. Over the decades, the Polish community in Great Britain has managed to set up numerous veterans’ and social organisations, Polish schools, it also built churches in order to preserve Polish culture abroad.

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Daddow, Oliver J. "Euroscepticism and History Education in Britain". Government and Opposition 41, nr 1 (2006): 64–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.2006.00171.x.

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AbstractThis article examines the role played by national history in generating and sustaining the popularity of British Eurosceptic arguments. The core argument advanced is that the modernist approach to history prevalent among British historians and the society in which they work has to be considered the key reason for Euroscepticism retaining such a popular appeal in Britain. The overly reverential attitude to recent martial history on the part of the British, and an almost total neglect of the peacetime dimensions of modern European history since 1945, both serve to exaggerate the tendency in the country to fall back on glib images of Britain as a great power with a ‘special relationship’ across the Atlantic and Europe as a hostile ‘other’ to be confronted rather than engaged with constructively.

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Jary, David. "Book Reviews: A History of Sociology in Britain – Science, Literature, and Society". Sociological Review 53, nr 3 (sierpień 2005): 563–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.2005.00566_2.x.

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Thompson, F. M. L. "Presidential Address: English Landed Society in the Twentieth Century III. Self-Help and Outdoor Relief". Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 2 (grudzień 1992): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3679097.

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An ultra-slow motion serial whose episodes appear at intervals of twelve months needs a recapitulation of the story so far, however excellent the retentive capacity of scholars in comparison with soap opera audiences. The characters in question are the landowners, great and not so great, and the landed families who were already wellestablished on their estates and in their country houses in late Victorian Britain: and also the newcomers who have continued, throughout the twentieth century, to purchase landed estates and country houses. The main plot concerns the structure and distribution of landownership, and I have suggested that reports of the virtual disappearance of great estates in the last hundred years have been greatly exaggerated. There have been great changes, but while some individuals or entire families have fallen off the boat others have clambered aboard, so that in the 1990s perhaps one-third or more of the land of Britain is held in sizeable estates of 1,000 acres and upwards, compared with radier over one-half in the 1890s. The changing composition of the cast of landowners, and the wildly fluctuating fortunes of particular members of the cast, have fascinated many observers of the social and political scene, and these features provide the sub-plots. The undoubted decline of landed and aristocratic political and social predominance, leading to the virtual elimination of their influence on public life, and the equally undoubted decline, impoverishment, and extinction of some once great and famous landed families, have tended to become confused as cause and effect in some accounts.

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Boening, John, i Donald Davie. "Under Briggflatts: A History of Poetry in Great Britain 1960-1988". World Literature Today 65, nr 1 (1991): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40146223.

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HILL, KATE. "Philanthropy, patronage and civil society: experiences from Germany, Great Britain, and North America". Economic History Review 58, nr 1 (luty 2005): 223–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8519.2005.00302_26.x.

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Crowther, M. A., i S. W. F. Holloway. "The Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, 1841-1991: A Political and Social History." Economic History Review 46, nr 2 (maj 1993): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2598032.

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Speck, W. A. "Review: Culture, Politics and Society in Britain 1600–1800". Literature & History 1, nr 1 (marzec 1992): 101–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030619739200100124.

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Warren, Liz, Martin Quinn i Gerhard Kristandl. "Investments in power generation in Great Britain c.1960-2010". Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management 15, nr 1 (16.04.2018): 53–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qram-01-2016-0002.

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Purpose This paper aims to explore the increasing role of financialisation on investment decisions in the power generation industry in Great Britain (GB). Such decisions affect society, and the relative role of financialisation in these macro-levels decisions has not been explored from a historical perspective. Design/methodology/approach The paper draws on historical material and interview data. Specifically, we use an approach inspired by institutional sociology drawing on elements of Scott’s (2014) pillars of institutions. Applying concepts stemming from regulative and normative pressures, we explore changes in investments over the analysis period to determine forces which institutionalised practices – such as accounting – into investment in power generation. Findings Investments in electricity generation have different levels of public and private participation. However, the common logics that underpin such investment practices provide an important understanding of political-economics and institutional change in the UK. Thus, the heightened use of accounting in investment has been, to some extent, a contributory factor to the power supply problems now faced by the British public. Originality/value This paper contributes to prior literature on the effects of financialisation on society, adding power generation/energy supply to the many societal level issues already explored. It also provides brief but unique insights into the changing nature of the role of accounting in an industry sector over an extended timeframe.

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Husbands, Christopher T. "A History of Sociology in Britain: Science, Literature, and Society – A. H. Halsey". British Journal of Sociology 57, nr 4 (grudzień 2006): 718–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-4446.2006.00133_9.x.

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Hall, Marie Boas, i William McGucken. "Scientists, Society, and State: The Social Relations of Science in Great Britain, 1931-1947". American Historical Review 91, nr 3 (czerwiec 1986): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1869199.

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Maltzahn, Nicholas. "The Royal Society and the Provenance of Milton's History of Britain (1670)". Milton Quarterly 30, nr 4 (grudzień 1996): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1094-348x.1996.tb00875.x.

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Maltzahn, Nicholas. "The Royal Society and the Provenance of Milton's History of Britain (1670)". Milton Quarterly 32, nr 3 (październik 1998): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1094-348x.1998.tb00603.x.

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Brown, Callum G. "Did urbanization secularize Britain?" Urban History 15 (maj 1988): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926800013882.

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There are few issues in British history about which so much unsubstantiated assertion has been written as the adverse impact of industrial urbanization upon popular religiosity. Urban history undergraduates are plied each year with the well-worn secularizing interpretation of urban growth which emanated with the Victorians (mostly churchmen) and which has since been reassembled by modern investigators in forms suitable for digestion in ecclesiastical history, social history (Marxist and non-Marxist), historical sociology, and historical geography. This ‘pessimist’ school of thought has reigned virtually unchallenged since the nineteenth century, giving rise in its endless repetition to simplistic historiographical myths. Arguably, systematic inquiry has suffered because modern urban society has been regarded as inimical to religion.An important start to disentangling the web of confusion has already been made by Jeff Cox in his admirable but underrated The English Churches in a Secular Society, a study of Lambeth between 1870 and 1930. 'In the first and final chapters of that book, Cox commenced the assault on the ‘pessimist’ school, pointing out in necessarily blunt language the illogicality and empirical weakness in the arguments of many historians and sociologists of religion. That book should have a reserved space on every reading list dealing with this issue. The present article attempts to expand on what might be called the ‘optimist’ school of thought concerning the impact of urbanization upon religion: that the churches survived urbanization in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. While Cox adduced from his research on the 1870–930 period that the great decline of the churches had not occurred before then, the following pages shift the focus to a reassessment of of the evidence on the preceding 100 years.

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Unwin, Patrick R., i Robert W. Unwin. "Humphry Davy and the Royal Institution of Great Britain". Notes and Records of the Royal Society 63, nr 1 (28.07.2008): 7–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2008.0010.

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The abortive attempts of Sir Humphry Davy to introduce modest reforms at the Royal Society of London during his Presidency (1820–27) contrast with his (largely unstudied) earlier experience of administration at the Royal Institution of Great Britain (RI). Davy's attempts to combat the systemic weaknesses in governance and funding, and his role in effecting changes at the RI, in association with a core group of reformers, merit consideration. This paper analyses important aspects of the early management and social structure of the RI and examines the inner workings of the institution. It shows how and why the Library, its most valuable financial asset, and its celebrated Laboratory, developed along distinctive lines, each with its own support structures and intra-institutional interests. While acknowledging the roles traditionally ascribed to Count Rumford and Sir Joseph Banks, the paper highlights the contributions of other early patrons such as Thomas Bernard, son of a colonial governor of Massachusetts, and Earl Spencer, a leading European bibliophile and RI President from 1813 to 1825. The promotion of a Bill in Parliament in 1810, designed to transform the RI from a proprietary body politic into a corporation of members, and the subsequent framing of the bye-laws, provided opportunities to establish a more democratic structure of elected committees for the conduct of science.

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Dronova, N. V. "«Strangers in Parliament!»: the Procedural Incident of 1875 (from History of Political Culture of the Victorian England)". Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations 12, nr 2 (2012): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2012-12-2-55-58.

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The article is devoted to history of periodicals in Great Britain in a context of evolution of democratic institutes of the British society. The problem is considered on an example of one of bright episodes of history of the British parliamentarism of 1875. Work is based on materials of the British parliament, the press, memoirs.

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Sigachev, M., i S. Arteev. ""A Disunited Kingdom": the Muslim Diaspora of Great Britain in Scientific Discussion". World Economy and International Relations 65, nr 8 (2021): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2021-65-8-120-130.

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The present world is characterized by the growth of conflicts. Dividing lines and fractures are increasingly appearing in societies. Migration reinforces such phenomena. The West is no longer an area of stability and prosperity. Moreover, in the last two decades, the problem of integrating the descendants of migrants into society has become clear. In this regard, the scientific discussions of cultural identity acquire a high practical significance. The paper presents an analysis of the scientific discourse on the Muslim issue in the UK. The choice of the case is due to the fact that the UK is a typical Western state, where there is a steady trend to strengthen the cleavage of society. At the same time, it is noted that migration has become one of the key processes in the history of the United Kingdom. The authors apply the concepts of a divided society and responsible development. It is noted that in practice multiculturalism is changing to interculturalism as a more adequate concept of solving existing problems. According to the authors, the ethno-religious discourse on the issue of the Muslim diaspora in the UK consists of four areas: migration, school and higher education, gender, and radicalization of young people. Discourses on the problems of migration policy and functioning of diasporas, Muslim education, gender equality, and radicalization of Islamic youth can be considered derived from a higher discourse – the discourse of identity, which is based on value-worldview aspects. In conclusion, it is noted that negative processes are taking place in British society, which are of strategic importance for responsible development. According to the authors, success in overcoming divisions in British society will depend on coordinated planned actions at all levels (international, national, regional, local). “Indigenous” residents and the Muslim diaspora need to build a model of partnership, which implies mutual responsibility. The analysis of scientific discourses presented in the article inspires moderate optimism, as it offers well-founded and concrete solutions to the existing problems of British society. Although British society is divided, British scientific discourse has a common platform where researchers of different backgrounds and faiths successfully engage in dialogue.

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Lavrenko, Valeriia. "Images of Great Britain and the British in Russian society during the First World War". Universum Historiae et Archeologiae 5, nr 1-2 (30.12.2022): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/26220512.

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The aim of the article is to analyze the general ideas about Great Britain and the British as military allies of the bloc of Entente countries, which existed in Russian society during the First World War. Methods used in the research: the method of content analysis, historical-genetic and historical-comparative. Main results: the article examines the visions of the British, common among the Russian intelligentsia on the eve of the First World War, and the influence of previous historical experience on the formation of these visions. It is analyzed in what way Russians' ideas about Britain as an allied state were transformed during the course of hostilities. Attempts to carry out state actions to promote Britain in the Russian Empire are considered, in particular, the visit of Russian journalists to the British Isles in 1916.Journalistic notes and journalistic works resulting from this visit are examined. Concise conclusions: the experience of the First World War showed that the state propaganda of the Russian Empire paid much more attention to the formation of the image of the enemy. Conversely, efforts aimed at familiarizing Russian society with allies in the bloc of Entente countries were significantly less powerful. At the beginning of the First World War, most representatives of Russian society looked skeptically at Britain as an ally, taking to the attantion the country's lack of general mobilization and its desire to fight only at sea. The experience of the war showed that although general mobilization was not introduced in Great Britain, the number of the British Expeditionary Force in continental Europe increased tenfold due to volunteers who demonstrated high fighting qualities. Britain abandoned the strategy of war exclusively at sea, fulfilling the All-Allied obligations, the country learned to overcome the resource crisis that arose as a result of raids by German submarines on the routes connecting the British Isles with the colonies. It was these messages that Russian journalists and publicists tried to convey about Britain, in particular, the participants of the 1916 visit. However, the number of materials aimed at a mass reader, dedicated to allies in Russia was much less than articles dedicated to the enemy. Even at the end of the war, Russian society looked at the Western Front as an unknown war. Over time, this gave rise to the idea among Russian veterans during the years of the Civil War that Britain and France had failed to fulfill their duty as allies and were guilty of Russia. Practical meaning: the materials of the article can be used in the teaching of the basic course for students of the Faculty of History (Oles Honchar Dnipro National University) at the bachelor's level – “History of Western Europe and North America in modern times”. Originality: for the first time, attention is focused on the fact that the sphere of ideas about the Allies by the Entente bloc during the First World War directly influenced the events at the front and determined the narratives of the USSR and Russian emigration after the world carnage. Scientific novelty: for the first time, the change in perceptions of the British as allies of the Russian Empire (within the Entente countries) during the entire period of active hostilities during the First World War was analyzed. Type of article: descriptive and analytical.

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Ageeva, Elena, Natalia Alekseeva, Georgii Bernatskii, Sergei Borodin i Victoria Kalinovskaya. "British citizenship: a history of reform in the 20th century". OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2022, nr 5-1 (1.05.2022): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202205statyi12.

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The article examines the development of citizenship legislation in Great Britain from the 20th century to the present day. The authors analyze the influence of the historical context and political events on the formation of the current system of categories of British citizenship and on changes in the legislation on citizenship. Special attention is paid to understanding the institution of citizenship in the context of contemporary social cultural problems of British society, migration policy and the formation of national identity.

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Karužaitė, Daiva. "Higher Education Changes in Great Britain in XX–XXI centuries". Pedagogika 117, nr 1 (5.03.2015): 16–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2015.064.

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The article reveals development and essential changes of higher education in Great Britain in XX–XXI centuries. During last century Great Britain higher education system has changed dramatically – from elite higher education in the beginning of XX century, which was available for very small part of society, to mass higher education with variety of institutions and education programs. Nowadays there is almost half of Great Britain population (of certain age group) obtaining higher education certificate or diploma. The junction of XX and XXI centuries was signed with significant shift in the gender structure of higher education students: more women obtained fist university degree than men. Ten years later the same was recorded in higher degrees. The intense change of Great Britain higher education from elite to mass inevitably influenced the higher education finance sector. Great Britain used to cover all expenses of higher education from the budget. However, the financial crises occurred in the last decade of XX century, and the government was forced to seek for new financing models of higher education. First time in Great Britain higher education history the tuition fee was introduced. Striving to ensure the higher education accessibility for all social groups in Great Britain, the tuition fees were complemented with the grants and loans with special repayment (or without) conditions. Nevertheless, the financial reform, started in 1998, already was changed several times and has raised lots of critics. Along with the financial reform Great Britain deals with the higher education quality issues. There was no essential discussions about higher education quality in the beginning of the XX century as it was elite higher education. Moving to the mass higher education with variety of institutions and dramatically growing student number, the quality question becomes relevant. Despite the owning the largest number of worldwide level elite universities in Europe, Great Britain seeks to ensure the quality in all higher education institutions in the country. Therefore the Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education was established. The Agency puts students and the public interest at the center of everything they do. Great Britain higher education quality policy is implemented basing on the Quality Code for Higher Education.

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Grafshonkina, Anastasia A., i Arina R. Shaykhutdinova. "The Establishment of Professional Corporations of Lawyers in European Countries". History of state and law 4 (29.04.2021): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-3805-2021-4-75-80.

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The article analyzes the problem of formation communities of lawyers in European countries. The authors summarized the experience of creating professional legal communities in Great Britain, France and Germany. An analysis of this issue in the direction of the history of law and the state is important for the development of civil society institutions in the modern world.

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Wilkes, Fiona A., Harith Akram, Jonathan A. Hyam, Neil D. Kitchen, Marwan I. Hariz i Ludvic Zrinzo. "Publication productivity of neurosurgeons in Great Britain and Ireland". Journal of Neurosurgery 122, nr 4 (kwiecień 2015): 948–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.11.jns14856.

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OBJECT Bibliometrics are the methods used to quantitatively analyze scientific literature. In this study, bibliometrics were used to quantify the scientific output of neurosurgical departments throughout Great Britain and Ireland. METHODS A list of neurosurgical departments was obtained from the Society of British Neurological Surgeons website. Individual departments were contacted for an up-to-date list of consultant (attending) neurosurgeons practicing in these departments. Scopus was used to determine the h-index and m-quotient for each neurosurgeon. Indices were measured by surgeon and by departmental mean and total. Additional information was collected about the surgeon's sex, title, listed superspecialties, higher research degrees, and year of medical qualification. RESULTS Data were analyzed for 315 neurosurgeons (25 female). The median h-index and m-quotient were 6.00 and 0.41, respectively. These were significantly higher for professors (h-index 21.50; m-quotient 0.71) and for those with an additional MD or PhD (11.0; 0.57). There was no significant difference in h-index, m-quotient, or higher research degrees between the sexes. However, none of the 16 British neurosurgery professors were female. Neurosurgeons who specialized in functional/epilepsy surgery ranked highest in terms of publication productivity. The 5 top-scoring departments were those in Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge; St. George's Hospital, London; Great Ormond Street Hospital, London; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London; and John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford. CONCLUSIONS The h-index is a useful bibliometric marker, particularly when comparing between studies and individuals. The m-quotient reduces bias toward established researchers. British academic neurosurgeons face considerable challenges, and women remain underrepresented in both clinical and academic neurosurgery in Britain and Ireland.

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Ferguson, Barry, Simon Langlois i Lance W. Roberts. "Social cohesion in Canada". Tocqueville Review 30, nr 2 (styczeń 2009): 69–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ttr.30.2.69.

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Canada is a diverse society of almost 34 million people. Its population is about half the size of Great Britain and France, the two nations whose colonization projects strongly shaped Canada’s development. For most of the country’s history, the original or Aboriginal peoples have been marginalized despite the many ways in which they contributed to the nation’s economic, social and political development.

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Bromund, Ted R. "Uniting the whole people: proportional representation in Great Britain, 1884–5, reconsidered*". Historical Research 74, nr 183 (1.02.2001): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2281.00117.

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Abstract This article examines the ideological context and political role of proportional representation in the reform crisis of 1884–5. It demonstrates that proportional representation was part of a broader liberal project to promote social cohesion both at home and in the empire. As shown by the cross-bench support for the Proportional Representation Society, proportional representation roused unexpected enthusiasm in the Commons in 1884. It was rejected because single-member districts were more acceptable to Gladstone while promising to achieve the same narrowly political ends as proportional representation, though not its liberal purposes. This reconsideration of proportional representation revises the history of the reform crisis and lends support to the contention that Victorian liberalism emphasized not rights-based individualism but rather the building of voluntary communities.

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Beswick, Jaine, i Mark Dinneen. "Introduction: The Portuguese-Speaking Diaspora in Great Britain and Ireland". Portuguese Studies 26, nr 1 (2010): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/port.2010.0021.

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Parker, Christopher, David Watson, Alan Armstrong, Ben Lowe, Carrie Hintz, R. C. Richardson, Austin Woolrych i in. "Reviews: The Logic of History: Putting Postmodernism in Perspective, on the Future of History: The Postmodernist Challenge and its Aftermath, Modernism and the Ideology of History: Literature, Politics, and the Past, Postmodernism in History: Fear or Freedom?, Quoting Shakespeare: Form and Culture in Early Modern Drama, Early Modern Civil Discourses, ‘A moving Rhetoricke’: Gender and Silence in Early Modern England, Society and Culture in Early Modern England, the English Radical Imagination: Culture, Religion and Revolution, 1630–1660, An Age of Wonders: Prodigies, Politics and Providence in England, 1657–1727, Luxury in the Eighteenth Century: Debates, Desires, and Delectable Goods, Antiquaries: The Discovery of the Past in Eighteenth-Century Britain, the French Revolution and the London Stage, 1789–1805, Nationalism, Imperialism and Identity in Late Victorian Culture, Modernism, Male Friendship and the First World War, Bloody Good: Chivalry, Sacrifice, and the Great War, Manliness and the Boy's Story Paper in Britain: A Cultural History, 1855–1940McCullaghC. Behan, The Logic of History: Putting Postmodernism in Perspective , Routledge, 2004, pp. viii + 212, £18.99 pbBreisachE., On the Future of History: The Postmodernist Challenge and its Aftermath , University of Chicago Press, 2003, pp. vii + 236, $16.00 pb.WilliamsL. Blakeney, Modernism and the Ideology of History: Literature, Politics, and the Past , Cambridge University Press, 2002, pp. 265, £40.SouthgateBeverley, Postmodernism in History: Fear or Freedom? Routledge, 2003, pp. xi + 211, £55, £16.99 pb.BrusterDouglas, Quoting Shakespeare: Form and Culture in Early Modern Drama , University of Nebraska Press, 2001, pp. 288, £35.50.RichardsJennifer (ed.), Early Modern Civil Discourses , Palgrave Macmillan, 2003, pp. 206, $65.00.LuckyjChristina, ‘A moving Rhetoricke‘: Gender and Silence in Early Modern England , Manchester University Press, 2002, pp. viii + 198, £40.CressyDavid, Society and Culture in Early Modern England , Variorum Collected Studies Series, Ashgate, 2003, pp. xii + 344, £57.50.McDowellNicholas, The English Radical Imagination: Culture, Religion and Revolution, 1630–1660 , Clarendon Press, 2003, pp. x + 219, £45.BurnsWilliam E., An Age of Wonders: Prodigies, Politics and Providence in England, 1657–1727 , Manchester University Press, 2002, pp. 218, £45.BergMaxine and EgerElizabeth (eds), Luxury in the Eighteenth Century: Debates, Desires, and Delectable Goods , Palgrave Macmillan, 2003, pp. xii + 259, 41 plates, £55.SweetRosemary, Antiquaries: The Discovery of the Past in Eighteenth-Century Britain , Hambledon & London, 2004, pp. xxi + 473, £25.TaylorGeorge, The French Revolution and the London Stage, 1789–1805 , Cambridge University Press, 2002, pp. x + 263, £45.AttridgeSteve, Nationalism, Imperialism and Identity in Late Victorian Culture , Palgrave Macmillan, 2003, pp. 229, £45.ColeSarah, Modernism, Male Friendship and the First World War , Cambridge University Press, 2003, pp. 297, £40FrantzenAllen J., Bloody Good: Chivalry, Sacrifice, and the Great War , University of Chicago Press, 2004, pp. 335, £24.50.BoydKelly, Manliness and the Boy's Story Paper in Britain: A Cultural History, 1855–1940 , Palgrave Macmillan, 2003, pp. x + 273, £60." Literature & History 14, nr 1 (maj 2005): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/lh.14.1.6.

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Speck, W. A. "Review: The Culture of Sensibility: Sex and Society in Eighteenth-Century Britain". Literature & History 2, nr 2 (wrzesień 1993): 100–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030619739300200221.

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