Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Liquid aerosols

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Liquid aerosols”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 20 lutego 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Liquid aerosols"

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Kaim, Sergii D. "The Molecular Theory of Liquid Nanodroplets Energetics in Aerosols". Entropy 23, nr 1 (24.12.2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23010013.

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Studies of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 spread mechanisms indicate that the main mechanism is associated with the spread in the atmosphere of micro- and nanodroplets of liquid with an active agent. However, the molecular theory of aerosols of microdroplets in gases remains poorly developed. In this work, the energy properties of aerosol nanodroplets of simple liquids suspended in a gas were studied within the framework of molecular theory. The three components of the effective aerosol Hamiltonian were investigated: (1) the interaction energy of an individual atom with a liquid nanodroplet; (2) the surface energy of liquid nanodroplet; and (3) the interaction energy of two liquid nanodroplets. The size dependence of all contributions was investigated. The pairwise interparticle interactions and pairwise interparticle correlations were accounted for to study the nanodroplet properties using the Fowler approximation. In this paper, the problem of the adhesion energy calculation of a molecular complex and a liquid nanodroplet is discussed. The derived effective Hamiltonian is generic and can be used for the cases of multicomponent nano-aerosols and to account for particle size distributions.
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Kudryashova, Olga, Evgeny Muravlev, Boris Vorozhtsov i Igor Akhmadeev. "The role of cavitation in submicron aerosol dispersion". MATEC Web of Conferences 243 (2018): 00003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824300003.

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Here we discuss the problem of atomizing submicron aerosols by special design atomizers enabling the cavitation regime. The formation of submicron aerosol was studied using an impulse atomizer model powered by a high-energy material and an atomizer model with a special spray nozzle generating countercurrent flows. For these atomizers, the role played by cavitation in producing submicron liquid aerosols is demonstrated herein. A mathematical model is also suggested to describe the aerosol cloud genesis. The cavitation development critical pressure, outflow velocity, and the resulting droplet sizes were evaluated. The aerosol particle size and concentration were experimentally measured by optical methods. The measured disperse parameters of aerosols during the origination and propagation of the aerosol cloud resulted from the cavitation-assisted atomization of liquids are reported: the intrinsic particle diameter of water aerosol is 10…30 μm depending on the features of the atomizer designs and their operating regimes.
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Kim, Yong-Hyun, Mi-Kyung Song i Kyuhong Lee. "A Study on the Behavior Patterns of Liquid Aerosols Using Disinfectant Chloromethylisothiazolinone/Methylisothiazolinone Solution". Molecules 26, nr 19 (22.09.2021): 5725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26195725.

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This study evaluates the behavioral characteristics of components (methylisothiazolinone (MIT) and chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT)) contained in disinfectant solutions when they convert to liquid aerosols. The analytical method for MIT and CMIT quantitation was established and optimized using sorbent tube/thermal desorber-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system; their behavioral characteristics are discussed using the quantitative results of these aerosols under different liquid aerosol generation conditions. MIT and CMIT showed different behavioral characteristics depending on the aerosol mass concentration and sampling time (sampling volume). When the disinfectant solution was initially aerosolized, MIT and CMIT were primarily collected on glass filter (MIT = 91.8 ± 10.6% and CMIT = 90.6 ± 5.18%), although when the generation and filter sampling volumes of the aerosols increased to 30 L, the relative proportions collected on the filter decreased (MIT = 79.0 ± 12.0% and CMIT = 39.7 ± 8.35%). Although MIT and CMIT had relatively high vapor pressure, in liquid aerosolized state, they primarily accumulated on the filter and exhibited particulate behavior. Their relative proportions in the aerosol were different from those in disinfectant solution. In the aerosol with mass concentration of ≤5 mg m−3, the relative proportion deviations of MIT and CMIT were large; when the mass concentration of the aerosol increased, their relative proportions constantly converged at a lower level than those in the disinfectant solution. Hence, it can be concluded that the behavioral characteristics and relative proportions need to be considered to perform the quantitative analysis of the liquid aerosols and evaluate various toxic effects using the quantitative data.
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Li, Meng, Hang Su, Guo Li, Nan Ma, Ulrich Pöschl i Yafang Cheng. "Relative importance of gas uptake on aerosol and ground surfaces characterized by equivalent uptake coefficients". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, nr 16 (29.08.2019): 10981–1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10981-2019.

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Abstract. Quantifying the relative importance of gas uptake on the ground and aerosol surfaces helps to determine which processes should be included in atmospheric chemistry models. Gas uptake by aerosols is often characterized by an effective uptake coefficient (γeff), whereas gas uptake on the ground is usually described by a deposition velocity (Vd). For efficient comparison, we introduce an equivalent uptake coefficient (γeqv) at which the uptake flux of aerosols would equal that on the ground surface. If γeff is similar to or larger than γeqv, aerosol uptake is important and should be included in atmospheric models. In this study, we compare uptake fluxes in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) for different reactive trace gases (O3, NO2, SO2, N2O5, HNO3 and H2O2), aerosol types (mineral dust, soot, organic aerosol and sea salt aerosol), environments (urban areas, agricultural land, the Amazon forest and water bodies), seasons and mixing heights. For all investigated gases, γeqv ranges from magnitudes of 10−6–10−4 in polluted urban environments to 10−4–10−1 under pristine forest conditions. In urban areas, aerosol uptake is relevant for all species (γeff≥γeqv) and should be considered in models. On the contrary, contributions of aerosol uptakes in the Amazon forest are minor compared with the dry deposition. The phase state of aerosols could be one of the crucial factors influencing the uptake rates. Current models tend to underestimate the O3 uptake on liquid organic aerosols which can be important, especially over regions with γeff≥γeqv. H2O2 uptakes on a variety of aerosols are yet to be measured under laboratory conditions and evaluated. Given the fact that most models have considered the uptakes of these species on the ground surface, we suggest also considering the following processes in atmospheric models: N2O5 uptake by all types of aerosols, HNO3 and SO2 uptake by mineral dust and sea salt aerosols, H2O2 uptake by mineral dust, NO2 uptakes by sea salt aerosols and O3 uptake by liquid organic aerosols.
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Liu, Lixia, Yafang Cheng, Siwen Wang, Chao Wei, Mira L. Pöhlker, Christopher Pöhlker, Paulo Artaxo i in. "Impact of biomass burning aerosols on radiation, clouds, and precipitation over the Amazon: relative importance of aerosol–cloud and aerosol–radiation interactions". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, nr 21 (10.11.2020): 13283–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13283-2020.

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Abstract. Biomass burning (BB) aerosols can influence regional and global climate through interactions with radiation, clouds, and precipitation. Here, we investigate the impact of BB aerosols on the energy balance and hydrological cycle over the Amazon Basin during the dry season. We performed simulations with a fully coupled meteorology–chemistry model, the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem), for a range of different BB emission scenarios to explore and characterize nonlinear effects and individual contributions from aerosol–radiation interactions (ARIs) and aerosol–cloud interactions (ACIs). The ARIs of BB aerosols tend to suppress low-level liquid clouds by local warming and increased evaporation and to facilitate the formation of high-level ice clouds by enhancing updrafts and condensation at high altitudes. In contrast, the ACIs of BB aerosol particles tend to enhance the formation and lifetime of low-level liquid clouds by providing more cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and to suppress the formation of high-level ice clouds by reducing updrafts and condensable water vapor at high altitudes (>8 km). For scenarios representing the lower and upper limits of BB emission estimates for recent years (2002–2016), we obtained total regional BB aerosol radiative forcings of −0.2 and 1.5 W m−2, respectively, showing that the influence of BB aerosols on the regional energy balance can range from modest cooling to strong warming. We find that ACIs dominate at low BB emission rates and low aerosol optical depth (AOD), leading to an increased cloud liquid water path (LWP) and negative radiative forcing, whereas ARIs dominate at high BB emission rates and high AOD, leading to a reduction of LWP and positive radiative forcing. In all scenarios, BB aerosols led to a decrease in the frequency of occurrence and rate of precipitation, caused primarily by ACI effects at low aerosol loading and by ARI effects at high aerosol loading. The dependence of precipitation reduction on BB aerosol loading is greater in a strong convective regime than under weakly convective conditions. Overall, our results show that ACIs tend to saturate at high aerosol loading, whereas the strength of ARIs continues to increase and plays a more important role in highly polluted episodes and regions. This should hold not only for BB aerosols over the Amazon, but also for other light-absorbing aerosols such as fossil fuel combustion aerosols in industrialized and densely populated areas. The importance of ARIs at high aerosol loading highlights the need for accurately characterizing aerosol optical properties in the investigation of aerosol effects on clouds, precipitation, and climate.
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Weisenstein, D. K., D. W. Keith i J. A. Dykema. "Solar geoengineering using solid aerosol in the stratosphere". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, nr 20 (26.10.2015): 11835–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11835-2015.

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Abstract. Solid aerosol particles have long been proposed as an alternative to sulfate aerosols for solar geoengineering. Any solid aerosol introduced into the stratosphere would be subject to coagulation with itself, producing fractal aggregates, and with the natural sulfate aerosol, producing liquid-coated solids. Solid aerosols that are coated with sulfate and/or have formed aggregates may have very different scattering properties and chemical behavior than uncoated non-aggregated monomers do. We use a two-dimensional (2-D) chemistry–transport–aerosol model to capture the dynamics of interacting solid and liquid aerosols in the stratosphere. As an example, we apply the model to the possible use of alumina and diamond particles for solar geoengineering. For 240 nm radius alumina particles, for example, an injection rate of 4 Tg yr−1 produces a global-average shortwave radiative forcing of −1.2 W m−2 and minimal self-coagulation of alumina although almost all alumina outside the tropics is coated with sulfate. For the same radiative forcing, these solid aerosols can produce less ozone loss, less stratospheric heating, and less forward scattering than sulfate aerosols do. Our results suggest that appropriately sized alumina, diamond or similar high-index particles may have less severe technology-specific risks than sulfate aerosols do. These results, particularly the ozone response, are subject to large uncertainties due to the limited data on the rate constants of reactions on the dry surfaces.
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Weisenstein, D. K., i D. W. Keith. "Solar geoengineering using solid aerosol in the stratosphere". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, nr 8 (21.04.2015): 11799–851. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-11799-2015.

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Abstract. Solid aerosol particles have long been proposed as an alternative to sulfate aerosols for solar geoengineering. Any solid aerosol introduced into the stratosphere would be subject to coagulation with itself, producing fractal aggregates, and with the natural sulfate aerosol, producing liquid-coated solids. Solid aerosols that are coated with sulfate and/or have formed aggregates may have very different scattering properties and chemical behavior than do uncoated non-aggregated monomers. We use a two-dimensional chemical transport model to capture the dynamics of interacting solid and liquid aerosols in the stratosphere. As an example, we apply the model to the possible use of alumina and diamond particles for solar geoengineering. For 240 nm radius alumina particles, for example, an injection rate of 4 Mt yr−1 produces a global-average radiative forcing of 1.3 W m−2 and minimal self-coagulation of alumina yet almost all alumina outside the tropics is coated with sulfate. For the same radiative forcing, these solid aerosols can produce less ozone loss, less stratospheric heating, and less forward scattering than do sulfate aerosols. Our results suggest that appropriately sized alumina, diamond or similar high-index particles may have less severe technology-specific risks than do sulfate aerosols. These results, particularly the ozone response, are subject to large uncertainties due the limited data on the rate constants of reactions on the dry surfaces.
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Frey, Lena, Frida A. M. Bender i Gunilla Svensson. "Cloud albedo changes in response to anthropogenic sulfate and non-sulfate aerosol forcings in CMIP5 models". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, nr 14 (31.07.2017): 9145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9145-2017.

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Abstract. The effects of different aerosol types on cloud albedo are analysed using the linear relation between total albedo and cloud fraction found on a monthly mean scale in regions of subtropical marine stratocumulus clouds and the influence of simulated aerosol variations on this relation. Model experiments from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) are used to separately study the responses to increases in sulfate, non-sulfate and all anthropogenic aerosols. A cloud brightening on the month-to-month scale due to variability in the background aerosol is found to dominate even in the cases where anthropogenic aerosols are added. The aerosol composition is of importance for this cloud brightening, that is thereby region dependent. There is indication that absorbing aerosols to some extent counteract the cloud brightening but scene darkening with increasing aerosol burden is generally not supported, even in regions where absorbing aerosols dominate. Month-to-month cloud albedo variability also confirms the importance of liquid water content for cloud albedo. Regional, monthly mean cloud albedo is found to increase with the addition of anthropogenic aerosols and more so with sulfate than non-sulfate. Changes in cloud albedo between experiments are related to changes in cloud water content as well as droplet size distribution changes, so that models with large increases in liquid water path and/or cloud droplet number show large cloud albedo increases with increasing aerosol. However, no clear relation between model sensitivities to aerosol variations on the month-to-month scale and changes in cloud albedo due to changed aerosol burden is found.
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Yu, Xiang, Haifeng Gu, Weikai Yin i Qingyang Sun. "Bubble Bursting and Drainage Characteristics at the Free Surface of a Liquid Pool with an Aerosol". Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2020 (16.10.2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8829074.

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When nuclear reactor accidents such as steam generator pipe ruptures or core melting occur, radioactive aerosols will remain in the liquid pools. Bubbles may be generated by boiling or gas injection. Film droplets produced by bubble bursts may entrain radioactive aerosols from the liquid to the air. This long-lasting behavior can produce a considerable amount of aerosols. To evaluate radioactive source terms, many physical quantities related to bubble bursting need to be determined, such as bubble burst position, bubble lifetime, cap film roll-up velocity, and cap film thickness, which are very important parameters that influence the releasing of radioactive aerosols. In this research, the phenomenon of bubble bursting was investigated by visualization. The above parameters were measured. We obtained the lifetime distribution of bubbles under different conditions, and we found that the addition of an aerosol increased the lifetime of the bubbles. By comparing the bubble lifetime to the roll-up velocity and cap thickness, we showed that the increase of the liquid temperature thickened the cap at rupture and the increase of the air temperature thinned the cap. The addition of an aerosol increased the film roll-up velocity.
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Behar, Rachel Z., Yuhuan Wang i Prue Talbot. "Comparing the cytotoxicity of electronic cigarette fluids, aerosols and solvents". Tobacco Control 27, nr 3 (8.06.2017): 325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053472.

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BackgroundAs thousands of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) refill fluids continue to be formulated and distributed, there is a growing need to understand the cytotoxicity of the flavouring chemicals and solvents used in these products to ensure they are safe. The purpose of this study was to compare the cytotoxicity of e-cigarette refill fluids/solvents and their corresponding aerosols using in vitro cultured cells.MethodsE-cigarette refill fluids and do-it-yourself products were screened in liquid and aerosol form for cytotoxicity using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)−2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The sensitivity of human pulmonary fibroblasts, lung epithelial cells (A549) and human embryonic stem cells to liquids and aerosols was compared. Aerosols were produced using Johnson Creek’s Vea cartomizer style e-cigarette.ResultsA hierarchy of potency was established for the aerosolised products. Our data show that (1) e-cigarette aerosols can produce cytotoxic effects in cultured cells, (2) four patterns of cytotoxicity were found when comparing refill fluids and their corresponding aerosols, (3) fluids accurately predicted aerosol cytotoxicity 74% of the time, (4) stem cells were often more sensitive to aerosols than differentiated cells and (5) 91% of the aerosols made from refill fluids containing only glycerin were cytotoxic, even when produced at a low voltage.ConclusionsOur data show that various flavours/brands of e-cigarette refill fluids and their aerosols are cytotoxic and demonstrate the need for further evaluation of e-cigarette products to better understand their potential health effects.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Liquid aerosols"

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Knox, Christopher James Henry. "The photochemistry of liquid aerosols". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemistry, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6076.

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The photochemistry of liquid aerosols has been investigated with the aim of using the physical properties of liquid aerosols to enhance the reactivity of photochemical and photocatalytic systems. The properties of aerosols that enhance reactivity are summarised under four headings: the optics of micro droplets, diffusion into small particles, surface and interfacial reactivity, and capillarity effects. A range of systems have been developed for the photochemistry of liquid aerosols. A number of photocatalytic systems have been studied and a significant enhancement in the photolysis of molybdenum hexacarbonyl has been observed, relative to the liquid phase. A computational study of the light intensity distribution inside liquid aerosols droplets in photochemical and photocatalytic systems has been carried out. Large enhancements of the internal field intensity relative to the incident field have been observed. It is proposed that the internal intensity distributions are the source of the increased rate of molybdenum hexacarbonyl photolysis. A model has been proposed for gas-liquid transfer, based on the capillary wave motion of the liquid surface.
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Ma, Yilin. "Developments and improvements to the particle-into-liquid-sampler (PILS) and its applications to Asian outflow studies". Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2004. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-06072004-131244/unrestricted/ma%5Fyilin%5F200405%5Fphd.pdf.

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Perkins, Deborah Davidson. "Characterization and applications of the monodisperse aerosol generation interface for combining liquid chromatography with mass spectometry". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/27610.

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Foss, Willard Rodney. "Dynamic processes in single liquid microspheres /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9911.

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Mullins, Benjamin James, i n/a. "Study of Capture, Fibre Wetting and Flow Processes in Wet Filtration and Liquid Aerosol Filtration". Griffith University. School of Environmental Engineering, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040919.124658.

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This thesis examines the particle capture, fibre wetting and droplet flow processes within wet filters collecting solid and liquid aerosols and within filters collecting only liquid aerosols. The processes involved in this type of filtration were examined through a series of experiments and models developed to describe the behaviour of fibre/liquid systems. This work can be summarized in 4 categories: (1) The bounce and immediate re-entrainment of liquid and solid monodisperse aerosols under a stable filtration regime (pre cake formation) by wet and dry fibrous filters. In this work it was found that the solid particles generally exhibited a lower fractional filtration efficiency than liquid particles (of the same size), although this difference decreased in the smaller size fractions. However, for the wet filtration regime (each fibre of the filter was coated by a film of water), no significant difference in filtration efficiency was detectable between solid and liquid aerosols. Either the bounce effect of the particles is inhibited by the liquid film, or the filtration conditions in the wet filter are so different that the aerosol properties are less significant with respect to capture. (2) A microscopic study of the effect of fibre orientation on the fibre wetting process and flow of liquid droplets along filter fibres when subjected to airflow and gravity forces was conducted. The flow of the liquid collected by the fibres was observed and measured using a specially developed micro-cell, detailed in the thesis. The experimental results were compared to a theoretical model developed to describe the flow of droplets on fibres. The theory and experimental results showed a good agreement. A sensitivity analysis of the model was performed which showed the droplet radius to be the most significant parameter. The model has the potential to improve filter self-cleaning and minimise water use. (3) An experimental study of the capture of solid and liquid (oil) aerosols on fibrous filters wetted with water. Variable quantities of liquid irrigation were used, and the possibility for subsequent fibre regeneration after clogging or drying was also studied. It was found that self-cleaning (removal of solid aerosols by water) occurred even under heavily dust-laden conditions, and post evaporation of water. With the collection of oil aerosols on fibres wetted with water, a predominance of the barrel shaped droplet on the fibre was observed, with oil droplets displacing water droplets (if the oil and fibre combination created a barrel shaped droplet), creating various compound droplets of oil and water not previously reported in literature. (4) An extensive experimental investigation of the wetting processes of fibre/liquid systems during air filtration (when drag and gravitational forces are acting) has shown many important features, including droplet extension, oscillatory motion, and detachment from fibres as airflow velocity increases. The droplet oscillation is believed to be induced by the onset of the transition from laminar to turbulent flow as droplet size increases. To model such oscillation it was necessary to create a new conceptual model to account for the forces both inducing and preventing such oscillation. The agreement between the model and experimental results is satisfactory for both the radial and transverse oscillations.
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Mullins, Benjamin James. "Study of Capture, Fibre Wetting and Flow Processes in Wet Filtration and Liquid Aerosol Filtration". Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365591.

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This thesis examines the particle capture, fibre wetting and droplet flow processes within wet filters collecting solid and liquid aerosols and within filters collecting only liquid aerosols. The processes involved in this type of filtration were examined through a series of experiments and models developed to describe the behaviour of fibre/liquid systems. This work can be summarized in 4 categories: (1) The bounce and immediate re-entrainment of liquid and solid monodisperse aerosols under a stable filtration regime (pre cake formation) by wet and dry fibrous filters. In this work it was found that the solid particles generally exhibited a lower fractional filtration efficiency than liquid particles (of the same size), although this difference decreased in the smaller size fractions. However, for the wet filtration regime (each fibre of the filter was coated by a film of water), no significant difference in filtration efficiency was detectable between solid and liquid aerosols. Either the bounce effect of the particles is inhibited by the liquid film, or the filtration conditions in the wet filter are so different that the aerosol properties are less significant with respect to capture. (2) A microscopic study of the effect of fibre orientation on the fibre wetting process and flow of liquid droplets along filter fibres when subjected to airflow and gravity forces was conducted. The flow of the liquid collected by the fibres was observed and measured using a specially developed micro-cell, detailed in the thesis. The experimental results were compared to a theoretical model developed to describe the flow of droplets on fibres. The theory and experimental results showed a good agreement. A sensitivity analysis of the model was performed which showed the droplet radius to be the most significant parameter. The model has the potential to improve filter self-cleaning and minimise water use. (3) An experimental study of the capture of solid and liquid (oil) aerosols on fibrous filters wetted with water. Variable quantities of liquid irrigation were used, and the possibility for subsequent fibre regeneration after clogging or drying was also studied. It was found that self-cleaning (removal of solid aerosols by water) occurred even under heavily dust-laden conditions, and post evaporation of water. With the collection of oil aerosols on fibres wetted with water, a predominance of the barrel shaped droplet on the fibre was observed, with oil droplets displacing water droplets (if the oil and fibre combination created a barrel shaped droplet), creating various compound droplets of oil and water not previously reported in literature. (4) An extensive experimental investigation of the wetting processes of fibre/liquid systems during air filtration (when drag and gravitational forces are acting) has shown many important features, including droplet extension, oscillatory motion, and detachment from fibres as airflow velocity increases. The droplet oscillation is believed to be induced by the onset of the transition from laminar to turbulent flow as droplet size increases. To model such oscillation it was necessary to create a new conceptual model to account for the forces both inducing and preventing such oscillation. The agreement between the model and experimental results is satisfactory for both the radial and transverse oscillations.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environmental Engineering
Faculty of Environmental Sciences
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Martin, Graham S. "Theoretical and experimental studies of an aerosol coalescing fibrous filter". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265545.

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Corsetti, Stella. "Optical and spectroscopic analysis of phase transitions in the bulk and aerosols of liquid hydrocarbon fuels and their ethanol blends". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=230611.

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This thesis reports the investigation of liquid-to-gas and liquid-to-solid phase transitions of liquid hydrocarbon fuels and their ethanol blends, both in the bulk phase and as single droplets. The key point has been to develop an understanding of the fuels' macroscopic behavior by studying them at the molecular and at the single droplet level. A key work in this thesis is the investigation of different ratio ethanol/gasoline blends at the molecular level. At the macroscopic level, the vapor pressure, and hence the evaporation of the blends, is influenced by the strength of intermolecular interactions. Thus, information on the molecular interactions between ethanol and gasoline are inferred by using IR and excess IR spectroscopy. The spectroscopic data suggest that the hydrogen bonding between ethanol molecules is weakened upon gasoline addition, but the hydrogen bonds do not disappear. This can be explained by a formation of small ethanol clusters that interact via Van der Waals forces with the surrounding gasoline molecules. In addition, Raman spectroscopy is performed on the same blends, and the Raman spectra are compared with the IR ones. Two different approaches for data evaluation, with the scope of determining the ethanol content in the blends, are tested and compared: Firstly, the calibration of the intensity ratio of characteristic peaks as function of composition; secondly, a principal component regression (PCR). Both methods are found to have comparable uncertainty. For the evaluation of the Raman spectra, the PCR method yielded better accuracy than the intensity ratio approach. In addition, a detailed investigation of the influence of noise in the signal is presented. When the full IR spectra were evaluated by PCR, even high noise levels did not reduce the measurement accuracy significantly. Later, with the aim of studying the evaporation dynamics of fuel blends, at the single droplet level, electrodynamic balance (EDB) and optical tweezers are used to trap ethanol/gasoline droplets, containing different ethanol percentages. A longer lifetime is observed for droplets containing a greater fraction of ethanol. In order to explain the experimental evaporation trends obtained, a theoretical model is used to predict the evaporation rates of pure ethanol and pure gasoline droplets in dry nitrogen gas. Also a theoretical estimation of the saturation of the environment, with other aerosols, in the tweezers is carried out. Lastly, the liquid-to-solid phase transition of some long chain alkanes, commonly present in diesel or gasoline, is investigated both at the molecular and at the single droplet level. Firstly, by using Raman spectroscopy the solidification of these hydrocarbons in the bulk phase is observed. Distinctive features associating the solid even hydrocarbons to a triclinic structure and the odd ones to an orthorhombic structure can be observed in the spectra. Secondly, the liquid-to-solid phase transition of single hydrocarbons droplets is investigated. Freezing time and surface area resulted to be inversely proportional in dodecane droplets. This might suggest a surface freezing mechanism. Furthermore, differences in the scattering patterns, depending on the freezing mechanism, are pointed out. Droplets freezing homogeneously show a different scattering pattern with respect to droplets that froze heterogeneously.
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Agranovski, Igor Evgenevich, i n/a. "Filtration of Ultra-Small Particles on Fibrous Filters". Griffith University. School of Environmental Engineering, 1995. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20050913.164528.

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The problem of filtration of liquid aerosols by both wettable and nonwettable filters has been extensively studied and the results of the theoretical calculations together with the experimental results are presented. More realistic models of filtration by both wettable and nonwettable filters have been developed and verified experimentally. A new instrument has been developed, and used in the experiments, for the measurement of the absolute concentration of aerosols in the gas stream. This instrument is based on the measurement of the initial vapour content of the gas stream simultaneously with the measurement of the vapour content after the total evaporation of aerosol. The concentration of the aerosol is calculated as the difference between these two values. The instrument was developed to provide fast and accurate measurements of aerosol concentration. The main advantages of the instrument are: high accuracy, simplicity of measurement, possibility of use for a wide range of substances, perfect suitability of operation for automatic monitoring technologies, etc. All rights for this instrument have been reserved and the fully automatic version will be available in the near future. It was found that the efficiency of filtration of aerosol on the wettable filter depends on the thickness of the liquid film on the fibre. This parameter was taken into account in the development of a theoretical model of filtration on wettable fibrous filters. The particle breakthrough problem has been solved by the optimisation of the aspect ratio (the ratio of the height by width) of the wettable filter. On this basis, industrial devices have been developed, patented, and implemented in industry. These devices provide a stable operating efficiency of higher than 99%. It was found experimentally that the efficiency of filtration of aerosol on the nonwettable filter depends on the diameter of the drop suspended on the filter, and on the area of the filter blocked by drops: this influences the velocity of filtration. All these parameters were taken into account in the development of a theoretical model of filtration on nonwettable fibrous filters. On the basis of this model, satisfactorily verified by the experiments, an industrial device has been developed. The harnessing of atomisers makes it possible to maintain the efficiency of filtration higher than 99%, even with a relatively high velocity of filtration of 2.7m/s. The new technology is tackling the problem of handling huge amounts of exhaust gases and this is particularly important for cramped installations when the space available for the air pollution control technology is quite limited. A highly efficient gas cleaning technology has been developed. This technology is based on combining two stages (wet scrubber and filter) of currently utilised air pollution control devices by submerging the fibrous filter into the liquid on the plate. The new device provides an effective division of the main gas stream into ultra-small bubbles which increase the contact area between the gas and liquid phases. It was estimated theoretically and verified experimentally that the efficiency of the proposed 'combined' technology, is 45% higher than the efficiency of the two stages technology. The technology has been patented and will be offered for industrial implementation in the near future.
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Agranovski, Igor Evgenevich. "Filtration of Ultra-Small Particles on Fibrous Filters". Thesis, Griffith University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367392.

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The problem of filtration of liquid aerosols by both wettable and nonwettable filters has been extensively studied and the results of the theoretical calculations together with the experimental results are presented. More realistic models of filtration by both wettable and nonwettable filters have been developed and verified experimentally. A new instrument has been developed, and used in the experiments, for the measurement of the absolute concentration of aerosols in the gas stream. This instrument is based on the measurement of the initial vapour content of the gas stream simultaneously with the measurement of the vapour content after the total evaporation of aerosol. The concentration of the aerosol is calculated as the difference between these two values. The instrument was developed to provide fast and accurate measurements of aerosol concentration. The main advantages of the instrument are: high accuracy, simplicity of measurement, possibility of use for a wide range of substances, perfect suitability of operation for automatic monitoring technologies, etc. All rights for this instrument have been reserved and the fully automatic version will be available in the near future. It was found that the efficiency of filtration of aerosol on the wettable filter depends on the thickness of the liquid film on the fibre. This parameter was taken into account in the development of a theoretical model of filtration on wettable fibrous filters. The particle breakthrough problem has been solved by the optimisation of the aspect ratio (the ratio of the height by width) of the wettable filter. On this basis, industrial devices have been developed, patented, and implemented in industry. These devices provide a stable operating efficiency of higher than 99%. It was found experimentally that the efficiency of filtration of aerosol on the nonwettable filter depends on the diameter of the drop suspended on the filter, and on the area of the filter blocked by drops: this influences the velocity of filtration. All these parameters were taken into account in the development of a theoretical model of filtration on nonwettable fibrous filters. On the basis of this model, satisfactorily verified by the experiments, an industrial device has been developed. The harnessing of atomisers makes it possible to maintain the efficiency of filtration higher than 99%, even with a relatively high velocity of filtration of 2.7m/s. The new technology is tackling the problem of handling huge amounts of exhaust gases and this is particularly important for cramped installations when the space available for the air pollution control technology is quite limited. A highly efficient gas cleaning technology has been developed. This technology is based on combining two stages (wet scrubber and filter) of currently utilised air pollution control devices by submerging the fibrous filter into the liquid on the plate. The new device provides an effective division of the main gas stream into ultra-small bubbles which increase the contact area between the gas and liquid phases. It was estimated theoretically and verified experimentally that the efficiency of the proposed 'combined' technology, is 45% higher than the efficiency of the two stages technology. The technology has been patented and will be offered for industrial implementation in the near future.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environmental Engineering
Faculty of Environmental Sciences
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Książki na temat "Liquid aerosols"

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Institution, British Standards. Protective clothing for use against liquid and gaseous chemicals, including aerosols and solid particles -. London: B.S.I, 1994.

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Tien, Chi. Granular filtration of aerosols and hydrosols. Wyd. 2. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2007.

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Tien, Chi. Granular filtration of aerosols and hydrosols. Boston: Butterworths, 1989.

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Surkova, Galina. Atmospheric chemistry. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1079840.

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The textbook contains material corresponding to the course of lectures on atmospheric chemistry prepared for students studying meteorology and climatology. The basic concepts of atmospheric chemistry are given, its gaseous components, as well as aerosols and chemical processes related to their life cycles, which are important from the point of view of the formation of the radiation, temperature and dynamic regime of the atmosphere, as well as its pollution, are considered. The main regularities of the transport of impurities in the atmosphere and the role of processes of different spatial and temporal scales in this process are presented. The concept of approaches of varying degrees of complexity used to model the transport of matter in the atmosphere, taking into account its chemical transformations, is presented. The processes in the gaseous and liquid phases that affect the chemical composition and acidity of clouds and precipitation are described. Modern methods of using information about the concentration and state of chemical compounds, including their radioactive and stable isotopes, to obtain information about the meteorological regime of the atmosphere in the present and past are considered. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of higher educational institutions studying in the field of training "Hydrometeorology".
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Gamache, Paul H., red. Charged Aerosol Detection for Liquid Chromatography and Related Separation Techniques. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119390725.

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Peter, Warneck, red. Heterogeneous and liquid phase processes: Laboratory studies related to aerosols and clouds. Berlin: Springer, 1996.

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Vinckier, C., Peter Warneck, P. Mirabel, G. A. Salmon i C. Zetzsch. Heterogeneous and Liquid Phase Processes: Laboratory Studies Related to Aerosols and Clouds. Springer London, Limited, 2012.

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Vinckier, C., Peter Warneck, P. Mirabel, G. A. Salmon i C. Zetzsch. Heterogeneous and Liquid Phase Processes: Laboratory Studies Related to Aerosols and Clouds. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, 2013.

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Warneck, Peter. Heterogeneous and Liquid Phase Processes: Laboratory Studies Related to Aerosols and Clouds (Transport and Chemical Transformation of Pollutants in t. Springer Verlag, 1996.

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Warneck, Peter. Heterogeneous and Liquid Phase Processes: Laboratory Studies Related to Aerosols and Clouds (Transport and Chemical Transformation of Pollutants in the Troposphere, V. 2). Springer, 1996.

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Części książek na temat "Liquid aerosols"

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Agranovski, Igor E. "Filtration of Liquid and Solid Aerosols on Liquid-Coated Filters". W Aerosols - Science and Technology, 315–42. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527630134.ch11.

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Lewinski, Nastassja A., Nathan J. Liu, Akrivi Asimakopoulou, Eleni Papaioannou, Athanasios Konstandopoulos i Michael Riediker. "Air–Liquid Interface Cell Exposures to Nanoparticle Aerosols". W Methods in Molecular Biology, 301–13. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6840-4_21.

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Bologa, A. M. "Charged Liquid Aerosols: Generation, Advantages and Non-Polluting Technologies". W The Modern Problems of Electrostatics with Applications in Environment Protection, 393–405. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4447-6_26.

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Samirant, M. "Dispersion-Initiation and Detonation of Liquid and Dust Aerosols-Experiences Derived from Military Fuel-Air Explosives". W Prevention of Hazardous Fires and Explosions, 123–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4712-5_10.

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Bartell, Lawrence S. "Do Highly Supercooled Liquids Freeze by Spinodal Decomposition?" W Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols, 41–45. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6475-3_6.

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Foster, Panayotis, I. Denis i V. Jacob. "Aerosol Surface Reactions and Photocatalysis". W Heterogeneous and Liquid Phase Processes, 191–226. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61445-3_7.

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Acworth, Ian N., i William Kopaciewicz. "Charged Aerosol Detection". W Charged Aerosol Detection for Liquid Chromatography and Related Separation Techniques, 67–162. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119390725.ch2.

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Hutchinson, Joseph P., Greg W. Dicinoski i Paul R. Haddad. "Aerosol-Based Detectors in Liquid Chromatography". W Charged Aerosol Detection for Liquid Chromatography and Related Separation Techniques, 191–219. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119390725.ch4.

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Kosyakov, V. N. "Actinide Determination in Environment (Liquids, Soils, Aerosols)". W Radionuclides and Heavy Metals in Environment, 37–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0993-5_5.

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Sosnowski, Tomasz R., Leon Gradoń, Ferry Iskandar i Kikuo Okuyama. "Interaction of Deposited Aerosol Particles with the Alveolar Liquid Layer". W Optimization of Aerosol Drug Delivery, 205–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0267-6_12.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Liquid aerosols"

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Zhou, Yanmin, Haifeng Gu, Qiunan Sun, Zhongning Sun, Jiqiang Su, Li Gao, Qianchao Ma, Gan Zhu i Li Yingzhi. "Research on Deposition of Micro-Nano Aerosols in Rising Bubble Under Pool Scrubbing Condition". W 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-81160.

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Aerosols as the main component of radioactive products in migration performance, which is an important factor that a unclear reactor accident present strong diffusion and affects the distributions of source and dose level in reactor containment, and they are therefore expected to be deposited in liquid phase such as in suspension pool and filtered containment venting device. In this paper, the deposition characteristics of micro-nano aerosols in rising bubble under pool scrubbing condition is studied with experiment, the aerosols size in the research range from 20 nm to 600 nm, and the bubble morphology mainly concern homogeneous bubbly flow. The results show that the deposition efficiency and mechanism of aerosol closely relate to gas flow rate, liquid level, particle size and bubbles size and so on. The aerosol deposition near 85nm is proved most difficult because of the convert of deposition mechanisms. In a high liquid level condition, micro-nano aerosol filtration efficiency is enhanced but gradually gradual. Under different gas flow rate, air bubble residence time and the bubble size distributions affect the filtration efficiency of aerosols.
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Earnest, G., D. Chen i D. Pui. "108. Filter Loading with Liquid Aerosols". W AIHce 2000. AIHA, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2763430.

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Karadag, Yasin, Mehdi Aas, Alexandr Jonáš, Suman Anand, David McGloin i Alper Kiraz. "Dye lasing in optically manipulated liquid aerosols". W SPIE NanoScience + Engineering, redaktorzy Kishan Dholakia i Gabriel C. Spalding. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2024166.

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Geints, Yuri E., Vitalii A. Pogodaev i Alexander A. Zemlyanov. "High-power laser interaction with liquid aerosols". W Photonics West '97, redaktorzy Usamah O. Farrukh i Santanu Basu. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.273676.

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Miyahara, Shinya, Munemichi Kawaguchi, Hiroshi Seino, Takuto Atsumi i Masayoshi Uno. "Analytical Study on Removal Mechanisms of Cesium Aerosol From a Noble Gas Bubble Rising Through Liquid Sodium Pool (II) Effects of Particle Size Distribution and Agglomeration in Aerosols". W 2021 28th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone28-63286.

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Abstract In a postulated accident of fuel pin failure of sodium cooled fast reactor, a fission product cesium will be released from the failed pin as an aerosol such as cesium iodide and/or cesium oxide together with a fission product noble gas such as xenon and krypton. As the result, the xenon and krypton released with cesium aerosol into the sodium coolant as bubbles have an influence on the removal of cesium aerosol by the sodium pool in a period of bubble rising to the pool surface. In this study, cesium aerosol removal behavior due to inertial deposition, sedimentation and diffusion from a noble gas bubble rising through liquid sodium pool was analyzed by a computer program named AESOP (AErosol scrubbing in SOdium Pool) which deals with the expansion and the deformation of the bubble together with the aerosol absorption considering the effects of particle size distribution and agglomeration in aerosols. In the analysis, initial bubble diameter, sodium pool depth and temperature, aerosol particle diameter and density, initial aerosol concentration in the bubble were changed as parameter, and the results for the sensitivities of these parameters on decontamination factor (DF) of cesium aerosol were compared with the results of the previous study in which the effects of particle size distribution and agglomeration in aerosols were not considered. From the results, it was concluded that the sensitivities of initial bubble diameter, the aerosol particle diameter and density to the DF became significant due to the inertial deposition of agglomerated aerosols. To validate these analysis results, the simulation experiments have been conducted using a simulant particles of cesium aerosol under the condition of room temperature in water pool and air bubble systems. The experimental results will be compared with the analysis results calculated under the same condition in the near future.
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Inci, Levent, i Richard K. Bowles. "The solubility transition in partially miscible, non-volatile liquid drops". W NUCLEATION AND ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS: 19th International Conference. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4803205.

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Baidakov, Vladimir G. "Nucleation in liquid solutions. The experimental research". W The 15th international conference on nucleation and atmospheric aerosols. AIP, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1361897.

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Kasahara, M. "Fixation and chemical analysis of single liquid particle". W The 15th international conference on nucleation and atmospheric aerosols. AIP, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1361965.

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Kalafut-Pettibone, Alicia J., Joseph P. Klems i W. Sean McGivern. "High performance liquid chromatography study of complex oxygenated alkane mixtures from organic aerosols". W NUCLEATION AND ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS: 19th International Conference. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4803301.

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Bartell, Lawrence S. "Idiosyncrasies of nucleation in large, deeply supercooled liquid clusters". W The 15th international conference on nucleation and atmospheric aerosols. AIP, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1361810.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Liquid aerosols"

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Fairbaugh, Craig. Methods of Collecting and Separating Atmospheric Organic Aerosols for Analysis Using Two-Dimensional Gas and Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry. Portland State University Library, styczeń 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/honors.155.

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Moneyhun, J., R. Jenkins, R. Ramsey i T. Gayle. Chemical characterization and toxicological evaluation of airborne mixtures: A system for generating mixed aerosols from a petroleum based liquid and a fine solid. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzec 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6812338.

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Ti, S. S., i J. D. Ingram. Design and Characteristics of a Liquid Aerosol Generator. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, kwiecień 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada186942.

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Kesavan, Jana, i Robert W. Doherty. Comparison of Sampler Collection Efficiency Measurements Using a Polydisperse Solid Aerosol and A Monodisperse Liquid Aerosol. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, czerwiec 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada394794.

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Kesavan, Jana, i Robert W. Doherty. Comparison of Sampler Collection Efficiency Measurements Using a Polydisperse Solid Aerosol and a Monodisperse Liquid Aerosol. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, czerwiec 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada394831.

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Browner, R. F. Fundamental studies with a monodisperse aerosol-based liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry interface (MAGIC-LC/MS). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), październik 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6179424.

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Browner, R. Fundamental studies with a monodisperse aerosol-based liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry interface (MAGIC-LC/MS). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), maj 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6963245.

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Duell, Anna. Analysis of E-cigarette Liquids and Aerosols by NMR Spectroscopy: Compositions, Boiling Points, and Degradation Profiles. Portland State University Library, styczeń 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.7224.

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Heitkamp, M. FEASIBILITY OF THE AEROSOL-TO-LIQUID PARTICLE EXTRACTION SYSTEM (ALPES) FOR COLLECTION OF VIABLE FRANCISELLA SP. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), sierpień 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/890538.

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Mantooth, Brent A., Terrence G. D'Onofrio i Mark J. Varady. Physics-Based Modeling of Permeation: Simulation of Low-Volatility Agent Permeation and Aerosol Vapor Liquid Assessment Group Experiments. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, czerwiec 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada622995.

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