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Irina-Adriana, Chiurciu, Constantin Oprea Dana Maria, Grigore Elena, Bogan Elena i Tatu Florina. "Aspects Regarding the Linseed Oil Culture in Romania in the Context of the Ongoing Climate Change". Present Environment and Sustainable Development 13, nr 1 (1.06.2019): 157–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pesd-2019-0012.
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Abstract Nowadays, at global level, the linseed oil culture is more important economically than the linseed cultures for fiber. The world's largest linseed production is the linseed oil, followed by the culture for the consumption of seeds and for fibers. In this context, this study presents the evolution and the main trends in the production of the linseed oil for Romania in the period 2008-2017, the analysis being based on the values of specific indicators, namely the areas cultivated with linseeds and the production of the linseed oil achieved at the national level, macro-regions and development regions, both as a total and in the private sector as well. This analysis will be done in the context of the ongoing climate change also affecting Romania's territory. Analysing the results, one can notice that, although after 1990 the cultivated areas have decreased dramatically, since the integration of Romania into the EU, the linseed oil cultivated areas have started to grow. Thus, in 2017, Romania was the sixth EU linseed oil producer in the EU, with the South-East region holding a significant share of the cultivated areas.
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Kreps, František, Štefan Schmidt, Lenka Vrbiková, Lucia Szeifová, Lenka Tmáková i Stanislav Sekretár. "Influence of storage and microwave heating on stability of soya spread lipids with linseed content". Acta Chimica Slovaca 5, nr 1 (1.04.2012): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10188-012-0008-0.
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Influence of storage and microwave heating on stability of soya spread lipids with linseed content We have chosen to experiment with soya spreads containing linseeds, which enrich the spreads with essential fatty acids and valuable related substances. The soya spreads with linseeds represent an ideal combination for nutritionally valuable foods with health benefits. In this work we examined the influence of microwave heating and storage on stability of linseed oil and soya spread lipids. Industrially produced soya spreads (S1) with addition of 5, 7 and 10 % linseeds and linseed oil were stored without a protective atmosphere in refrigerator at 5 °C. The lipids of commercial soya spreads (S2) enriched with 2, 5 and 10 % ground linseeds and soya spread lipids (S2) without linseeds were microwave-heated. The data obtained from experiments have shown that the storing of linseed oil for 30 days in refrigerator has caused excess of the maximum acceptable peroxide value (Food Codex of SR). Microwave-heated lipids from commercial soya spreads (S2) enriched with 2 % ground linseeds have the best result of stability and protective factor, compared with lipids from 5 and 10 % linseeds enriching soya spreads (S2). After the 5, 10 and 20 min of microwave heating, the lipids of soya spread (S2) enriched with 2 % ground linseeds have the protective factor 1.02, 1.15 and 1.43 respectively, compared with lipids from soya spread (S2) without linseeds. The microwave heating for 5 min has been accompanied by a decreasing of hydroperoxides and by formation of secondary oxidation products.
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Mansour, Maisa M. A., Mohamed Z. M. Salem, Rushdya Rabee Ali Hassan, Hayssam M. Ali, Dunia A. Al Farraj i Mohamed S. Elshikh. "Antifungal potential of three natural oils and their effects on the thermogravimetric and chromatic behaviors when applied to historical paper and various commercial paper sheets". BioResources 16, nr 1 (24.11.2020): 492–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.1.492-514.
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Three natural extracted oils from Citrus reticulata peels, C. aurantifolia leaves, and Linum usitatissimum (linseeds) were used as antifungal agents against the growth of Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium chrysogenum. The following main compounds (determined via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry) were found. The essential oil (EO) from C. aurantiifolia leaves contained limonene (22.96%), geranyl acetal (13.53%), and geraniol acetate (13.33%); the n-hexane oil from C. reticulata peels contained methyl-13-cyclopentyltridecanoate (16.74%), and D-limonene (16.06%); and linseed oil contained linoleic acid (27.36%), and oleic acid (19.01%). The inhibition of fungal growth significantly was reached 100% against A. flavus at all tested C. aurantifolia leaf EO concentrations and at a concentration of 2000 µL/mL for linseeds oil. The growth inhibition reached 100% against P. chrysogenum with C. aurantifolia leaf EO concentrations of 125-2000 µL/mL. Citrus reticulata peel EO had 100% growth inhibition of P. chrysogenum at concentrations of 2000 µL/mL and 1000 µL/mL, while linseeds oil had 100% growth inhibition at 2000 µL/mL. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that C. aurantifolia EO yielded the greatest thermal stability and color change protection to cotton pulp, while linseed oil was found to protect wood pulp-based and historical papers.
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Ertuğ, Füsun. "Linseed oil and oil mills in central Turkey Flax/Linum and Eruca, important oil plants of Anatolia". Anatolian Studies 50 (grudzień 2000): 171–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3643022.
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This article is a preliminary case-study concerning the importance of flax/Linum and Eruca as oil plants in central Anatolia. Linseed oil (‘beziryaği’) was produced from both Linum and Eruca seeds, and this oil was used in Anatolian culinary culture, in addition to olive, sesame, cotton, poppy, sunflower, hazel, Cephalaria, safflower and hackberry oils. Linseed oil was also used in oil lamps, to oil wooden-wheeled carts and to rub on the skins of water-buffalo. Both linseed oil and flax seeds were widely used in folk medicine.The production of linseed oil may have started thousands of years ago in central Anatolia. Both plants are native to Anatolia, and flax seeds have been found at several Neolithic sites. The earliest historical documents concerning linseed oil mills (‘bezirhane’) are Ottoman tax records from 1500–1. Until the 1970s there were still several oil mills in the Aksaray area producing linseed oil during the winter. The residue was used as fodder for draft animals.
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El-Bahr, Sabry M., Saad Shousha, Mohamed A. Alfattah, Saad Al-Sultan, Wasseem Khattab, Islam I. Sabeq, Omar Ahmed-Farid i in. "Enrichment of Broiler Chickens’ Meat with Dietary Linseed Oil and Lysine Mixtures: Influence on Nutritional Value, Carcass Characteristics and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers". Foods 10, nr 3 (14.03.2021): 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10030618.
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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of four combinations of dietary linseed oil and lysine mixtures on performance, fatty and amino acid profiles, oxidative stress biomarkers, cell energy and meat quality parameters of broiler chickens. One hundred and sixty broiler chicks were allocated into four groups. Birds of groups 1–4 were fed diets containing optimum lysine and 2% of linseed oil, optimum lysine and 4% of linseed oil, high lysine and 2% of linseed oil, and high lysine and 4% of linseed oil, respectively, for a period of 35 days. High linseed oil or lysine levels did not affect the performance of the tested birds, but the high level of dietary linseed oil decreased the concentrations of muscles’ saturated fatty acids (SFA). The highest values of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty (ω-3 PUFA) and arachidonic acids with lowest levels of monounsaturated fatty (MUFA) were detected in the muscles of birds fed diets containing high linseed oils and/or lysine levels. High linseed oil or lysine levels provided the best essential amino acid profile and improved antioxidant components as well as cell energy, and tenderness and redness of the meat. Conclusively, high dietary lysine and linseed oil combinations improved the nutritional value, antioxidant status and cell energy of broiler chickens’ meat.
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Puppel, K., T. Nałęcz-Tarwacka, B. Kuczyńska, M. Gołębiewski i M. Kordyasz. "Effect of different fat supplements on the antioxidant capacity of cow’s milk". Archives Animal Breeding 56, nr 1 (10.10.2013): 178–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7482/0003-9438-56-017.
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Abstract. This study examined the effect of different fat supplements on the antioxidants of cow’s milk. Thirty five Polish Holstein Friesian cows at 180±20 day of lactation and averaging 17.71±2.26 kg/d of milk were divided into five equal groups. There were five treatments groups: 300 g/d of fish oil, 500 g/d of Opal linseed, 500 g/d of Szafir linseed, 150 g/d of fish oil + 250 g/d of Opal linseed, 150 g/d of fish oil + 250 g/d Szafir linseed. Milk samples were collected five times during the 21 day of supplementation period: at the 1st, 14th and 21th day of the experimental period, and also at the 14th and 21st day after the supplement withdrawal. Diet supplementation with the Szafir linseed improved the chemical composition and milk yield at the 21st day of experiment. The highest level of malondialdehyde was recorded in fish oil, Opal linseed, fish oil + Opal linseed, and fish oil + Szafir linseed groups, and the lowest in the Szafir linseed group. After the 21st day of supplementation the concentration of α-retinol was significantly increased in all groups by 23 to 183 %. The highest level of α-tocopherol was found in fish oil + Opal linseed group at the 21st day of supplementation. Total antioxidative status increased in all experimental groups; however, the highest peak was recorded in fish oil + Szafir linseed and Szafir linseed group. The experiment confirmed that manipulation in cows’ diet may improve antioxidative capacity of milk.
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Bocharova, Polina A., Valentina M. Bachinskaya i Nadezhda A. Bachinskaya. "THE EFFECT OF FEED ADDITIVES ON THE AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF QUAIL EGGS". Problems of veterinary sanitation, hygiene and ecology 4, nr 48 (2023): 495–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/vet.san.hyg.ecol.202304016.
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The article presents the results of studies of the amino acid composition of compound feeds and quail eggs when using vegetable feed additives based on linseed oil and fish oil in the diet. We have formed three groups of quails with 30 heads in each group of the breed «Estonian quail». Experimental groups of quails were fed feeds enriched with fish oil and linseed oil for 30 days, the control group of quails received standard compound feed. According to the results of studies we found that the introduction of fish oil and linseed oil into the composition contributed to an increase in essential amino acids by 0.84% when using fish oil and 0.66% linseed oil, partially interchangeable by 0.06% and 0.11%, respectively, and interchangeable when using linseed oil by – 0.31%.
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NYKTER, M., H.-R. KYMÄLÄINEN i F. GATES. "Quality characteristics of edible linseed oil". Agricultural and Food Science 15, nr 4 (4.12.2008): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.2137/145960606780061443.
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In this review the quality properties of linseed oil for food uses are discussed as well as factors affecting this quality. Linseed oil has a favourable fatty acid composition with a high linolenic acid content. Linseed oil contains nearly 60% á-linolenic acid, compared with 25% for plant oils generally. The content of linolenic acid and omega-3 fatty acids is reported to be high in linseed grown in northern latitudes. The composition of fatty acids, especially unsaturated fatty acids, reported in different studies varies considerably for linseed oil. This variation depends mainly on differences in the examined varieties and industrial processing treatments. The fatty acid composition leads also to some problems, rancidity probably being the most challenging. Some information has been published concerning oxidation and taste, whereas only a few studies have focused on colour or microbiological quality. Rancidity negatively affects the taste and odour of the oil. There are available a few studies on effects of storage on composition of linseed oil. In general, storage and heat promote auto-oxidation of fats, as well as decrease the amounts of tocopherols and vitamin E in linseed oil. Several methods are available to promote the quality of the oil, including agronomic methods and methods of breeding as well as chemical, biotechnological and microbiological methods. Time of harvesting and weather conditions affect the quality and yield of the oil.;
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Sytnik, Natalia, Mykola Korchak, Serhii Nekrasov, Vitalii Herasymenko, Roman Mylostyvyi, Tetiana Ovsiannikova, Tetiana Shamota, Valentyna Mohutova, Nataliia Ofilenko i Inna Choni. "Increasing the oxidative stability of linseed oil". Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 4, nr 6 (124) (31.08.2023): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2023.284314.
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The object of the research is the process of oxidation of linseed oil at elevated temperature. Linseed oil is a valuable raw material for the chemical, food, cosmetic and other industries. The use of linseed oil is complicated by intensive oxidation processes associated with a high content of unsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, an important task is to develop and improve methods of oxidative stabilization of linseed oil. The oxidation process of unrefined linseed oil (CAS Number 8001-26-1) at a temperature of 110 °C in its original form and with the addition of antioxidants was studied. The effect of antioxidant concentrations (tocopherol, butylhydroxyanisole and butylhydroxytoluene) in the mixture on the induction period of linseed oil was found. The induction period was determined by differential scanning calorimetry. The total concentration of the mixture of antioxidants in each experiment was 0.02 %. The induction period of the initial oil was 155.31 min. Rational ratios of antioxidants in the mixture were found: tocopherol: butylhydroxyanisole (50:50) %; tocopherol: butylhydroxytoluene (50:50) %; tocopherol: butylhydroxyanisole: butylhydroxytoluene (33.33:33.33:33.33) %. At the same time, the oil induction periods are 295.7 min., 290.1 min. and 290.2 min., respectively. The quality indicators of the initial linseed oil and with the addition of the determined rational ratios of antioxidants after 2 hours of aging at a temperature of 110 °C were determined. The peroxide values of the samples were 8.5, 3.2, 3.6, 3.7 ½ O mmol/kg, respectively. The research results make it possible to introduce antioxidants in the production of linseed oil in rational concentrations. This will help increase the production of linseed oil resistant to oxidation at elevated temperatures, which will provide various industries with high-quality raw materials
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Cruz, Victor Hugo Maldonado da, Geovane Aparecido Ramos da Silva, Matheus Campos Castro, Isadora Boaventura Ponhozi, Patrícia Magalhães de Souza, Jesui Vergilio Visentainer i Oscar Oliveira Santos Júnior. "Assessment of the fatty acid composition of different parts of zebrafish fed diets incorporated with linseed and sunflower oils". Research, Society and Development 10, nr 16 (8.12.2021): e113101623177. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i16.23177.
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This study aimed to evaluate the fatty acid composition of zebrafish fed diets containing linseed oil compared to sunflower oil. First, diets supplemented with linseed and sunflower were formulated, fish were fed for 40 days, and their parts collected for analysis. Diet composition analysis, extraction and derivatization of fatty acids, gas chromatography analysis, RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR, and statistical analyses were performed. Linseed oil exhibited an omega-3 rich lipid profile. 18:3n-3 content incorporated into the muscle tissue of fish fed linseed oil was 50% higher than that fed sunflower oil. This higher amount of 18:3n-3 favored the production of 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 fatty acids by synthetic pathways in the organism since these fatty acids were not initially found in the oil composition. Furthermore, in all analyzed parts of zebrafish that were fed linseed oil, concentration of 20:4n-6 were lower, while 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 were higher compared to the same parts fed with sunflower oil. PCR expression assay showed no significant difference, indicating that linseed oil diet was not harmful. Thus, this work evidenced that synthesis of essential fatty acids, primarily omega-3 fatty acids, was greater in zebrafish upon consumption of diets supplemented with linseed oil.
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Tari, Ali Rafiei, Ali Asghar Sadeghi i Seyed Naser Mousavi. "Dietary vegetable oils inclusion on the performance, hormonal levels and hsp 70 gene expression in broilers under heat stress". Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences 42 (30.09.2019): e45517. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v42i1.45517.
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The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of unsaturated and saturated oils on the performance, hormonal levels and hsp gene expression in broiler chickens exposed to heat stress. 300 one-day male broiler chicks were assigned to 4 treatments (Diets containing palm, corn, linseed or olive oils) with 5 replicates. At day 28 of age, 2 chickens were removed from each replicate, then blood samples and liver tissue samples were collected for analyses. Feeding linseed and olive oil reduced feed conversion ratio compared to corn and palm oils. The lowest level of insulin was for chickens fed linseed oil and corn oil. The highest level of corticosterone was found in chickens fed palm oil and the lowest level was for those received linseed oil. Chickens received linseed and corn oils had the highest levels of T3 and T4 and those fed palm and olive oils had the lowest levels. The highest HSP 70 gene expression was for chickens fed diet containing olive and linseed oils and the lowest one was for those fed corn and palm oils. It was concluded that olive oil and linseed oil could improve performance and heat tolerance of chickens under heat stress.
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Waterman, H. I., i D. Oosterhof. "Polymerisation of linseed oil". Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 52, nr 10 (3.09.2010): 895–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19330521013.
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LIU, MIHAELA, JIANAN WANG, GUANGLIN XU, XIN WEI TU, XIN YOU LIU i ZHIHUI WU. "EFFICACY OF LINSEED OIL-TREATED WOOD TO IMPROVE HYDROPHOBICITY, DIMENSIONAL STABILITY, AND THERMOSTABILITY". WOOD RESEARCH 66(5) 2021 66, nr 5 (2.11.2021): 777–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/66.5.777788.
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Inthis work, linseed oil was impregnated into the wood at room temperature, under vacuum pressure. The properties of linseed oil-treated wood, including dimensional stability, wood moisture absorption, chemical structure, thermostability, and morphological characteristics, were evaluated. Linseed oil displayed good permeability in Ailanthuswood, with weight gains of 30.95% after impregnation. The swelling coefficients of treated woodin the tangential and radial directions decreased by 25.97 to 33.33%, indicating that impregnation improved the dimensional stability of wood.Moreover, linseed oil treatment significantly modified the wood structure, although the FTIR spectra generally remained unchanged. Observation by scanning electron microscopy showed, that linseed oil impregnated into the wood and occluded pits, thereby prevented moisture absorption. This technique can be used in a variety of wood products, such as buildings, furniture, and landscape architecture.
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Nožinić, Miloš, Bojan Rajĉević, Duško Jović, Linda Kluga, Tanja Malĉić i Vesna Bojić. "Overview of Linseed Production in Bosnia and Herzegovina". Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences 67, nr 4-5 (1.11.2013): 324–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2013-0059.
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Abstract Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.), as one of the richest sources of omega-3 fatty acids, antitumoral phytoestrogens and plant mucilage, has great importance for human health. For this reason, the Agricultural Institute of Republic of Srpska promotes linseed production and processing through practical research activities. This paper provides an overview of linseed production and research activities on linseed since 2004, when this crop was returned into production in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The most important findings regarding linseed production and quality in recent years are discussed. So far, it seems that organic linseed production has better perspective in mountain regions compared to lowlands, mainly due to lack of invasive weeds 500 m above sea level. Until now, linseed diseases that can spoil the quality of seed, have not been recorded, due to extensive linseed production. The first comprehensive technological analyses of cold extracted linseed oil from the mountain region Petrovac showed unique quality characteristics. This mountain region is well known for its virgin nature and sunny microclimate. This has resulted in increased interest for linseed oil, as well as raised the price of domestic linseed oil.
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Osorio, Jesus A. C., João L. P. Daniel, Jakeline F. Cabral, Kleves V. Almeida, Karoline L. Guimarães, Micheli R. Sippert, Jean C. S. Lourenço, Francilaine E. De Marchi, João P. Velho i Geraldo T. Santos. "Annatto seeds as Antioxidants Source with Linseed Oil for Dairy Cows". Animals 11, nr 5 (20.05.2021): 1465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11051465.
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This study aimed to evaluate the effects of annatto seeds, linseed oil and their combination on DMI, apparent total tract digestibility, antioxidant capacity and milk composition of dairy cows. Four lactating Holstein cows (120 ± 43 days in milk; 15.98 ± 2.02 kg of milk/day, mean ± SD) were allocated in a 4 × 4 Latin square with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (with or without annatto seeds at 15 g/kg of dry matter (DM); with or without linseed oil at 30 g/kg of DM) and provided four different diets: control (no annatto seeds or linseed oil); annatto seeds (15 g/kg of DM); linseed oil (30 g/kg of DM); and a combination of both annatto seeds and linseed oil. Annatto seeds reduced DM intake, and milk yield, protein and lactose, but increased content of fat, total solids and short chain fatty acid, with no effect on total antioxidant capacity of milk. Linseed oil supplementation decreased medium chain fatty acid proportion and n-6/n-3 ratio, conversely it increased long chain fatty acids and n-3 fatty acid content of milk, ether extract intake and total-tract digestibility. Thus, linseed oil supplementation in dairy cow diets improved the milk FA profile but decreased milk fat concentration, whereas annatto seeds did not influence antioxidant capacity and depressed feed intake and milk yield.
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Abdullah Zawawi, Nadiyah, Hazlina Abdul Ghani, Raja Azman Raja Awang, Nik Noor Idayu Nik Ibrahim i Farrah Hazwani. "In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Linseed Oil as Bio-Based Plasticiser in Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) Denture Base Material". Compendium of Oral Science 11, nr 1 (1.03.2024): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/cos.v11i1.26031.
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Objectives: Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is a polymer that is vastly utilised as denture base material. Previously synthetic plasticiser like Dibutyl phthalate was previously used in the PMMA. However, there are reports of ester leaching causing intraoral toxicity. Thus, bringing the awareness about organic plasticiser usage, like linseed oil. This study aims to evaluate the cytotoxicity of linseed oil to ensure its safety to be used as the natural-based plasticiser in PMMA as denture base material. Materials and Methods: The cytotoxicity of linseed oil was evaluated by culturing Human Gingival Fibroblast cells with 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10% linseed oil for 24, 48, and 72 hours. The WST-1 assay was then used to evaluate cell viability, with cell quantification performed using a spectrophotometer at a wavelength range of 420-480nm. An unpaired t-test was used to analyse all parameters' quantitative cell viability data. Results: The WST-1 Assay demonstrated that linseed oil exhibited greater than 95% cell viability at all doses and incubation durations, indicating biocompatibility. At 72 hours of incubation, there are statistically significant differences between the cells incubated in the Linseed Oil as compared to Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO), which acts as a positive control. Conclusions: The study proves that linseed oil is non-cytotoxic with the Human Gingival Fibroblast cells and safe to use when incorporated later in the PMMA as denture base material.
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Banou, Penelope, Stamatis Boyatzis, Konstantinos Choulis, Charis Theodorakopoulos i Athena Alexopoulou. "Oil Media on Paper: Investigating the Interaction of Cold-Pressed Linseed Oil with Paper Supports with FTIR Analysis". Polymers 15, nr 11 (2.06.2023): 2567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15112567.
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Previous works of the authors have presented the changes in the optical, mechanical, and chemical properties of the oiled areas of the supports that occur upon ageing due to oil-binder absorption in works of art on paper and printed material. In this framework, transmittance FTIR analysis has indicated that the presence of linseed oil induces the conditions to promote the deterioration of the oil-impregnated areas of the paper supports. However, the analysis of oil-impregnated mock-ups did not provide detailed information about the input of linseed oil formulations and the different types of paper support on the chemical changes that occur upon ageing. This work presents the results of ATR-FTIR and reflectance FTIR, which were used for compensating the previous results, proving indications on the effect of different materials (linseed oil formulations, and cellulosic and lignocellulosic papers) on the development of chemical changes, thus, on the condition of the oiled areas upon ageing. Although linseed oil formulations have a determining effect on the condition of the oiled areas of the support, the paper pulp content appears to have an input to the chemical changes that occur in the system of paper–linseed oil upon ageing. The results presented are more focused on the oil-impregnated mock-ups with cold-pressed linseed oil since results have indicated that this causes more extended changes upon ageing.
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Drobná, Z., J. Zelenka, E. Mrkvicová i D. Kladroba. "Influence of dietary linseed and sunflower oil on sensory characteristics of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)". Czech Journal of Animal Science 51, No. 11 (5.12.2011): 475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3967-cjas.
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This study describes the effects of dietary linseed and sunflower oil on the sensory characteristics of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets. Rainbow trout were fed a diet containing either 2.5% or 5% of linseed or sunflower oil or 5% mixture of both oils (2.5% of each). Control group received a commercial feed mixture. A selected and trained panel carried out descriptive sensory tests on fish fillet cross-sections. The addition of vegetable oil into fish feed did not affect firmness, juiciness or intensity of total taste but had a significant impact on colour, intensity of odour and fish oily taste. A higher content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in linseed oil, in comparison with sunflower oil, is often responsible for the development of an off-flavour. No trout fillet was rejected owing to the off-flavour presence. Both concentrations of linseed oil decreased the intensity of fish oily taste. Therefore, for the partial replacement of fish oil in rainbow trout feed it is recommended the use linseed oil, which is a good source of n-3 PUFA.
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Thanh, Lam Phuoc, Juan J. Loor, Duong Tran Tuyet Mai i Tran Thi Thuy Hang. "Effect of Fish Oil and Linseed Oil on Intake, Milk Yield and Milk Fatty Acid Profile in Goats". Animals 13, nr 13 (1.07.2023): 2174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13132174.
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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of incorporating linseed oil and fish oil in the diet on intake, ruminal fermentation, milk yield, and milk fatty acid profiles in dairy goats. Four crossbred Saanen lactating goats in mid-lactation and milking 1.30 ± 0.28 g/day were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The basal diet contained concentrate and Para grass (C:F 40:60). Treatments included a basal diet without oil supplementation (Ctrl) or with 2.5% linseed oil (LO2.5), 2.5% linseed oil and fish oil (3:2, w/w, LFO2.5), and 4.16% linseed oil and fish oil (3:2, w/w, LFO4.16). Diets had no effect on intake, milk yield, milk composition, or ruminal fermentation (p > 0.05). Compared with Ctrl, lower (p < 0.05) proportions of C10:0–C14:0 in milk fat were observed with LFO4.16. Compared with the Ctrl and linseed oil added alone, feeding LFO4.16 led to a greater (p < 0.01) concentration of C18:1 t11. Compared with both the Ctrl and LO2.5 diets, milk c9,t11 CLA was 4.53 and 2.94 times greater with the LFO4.16 diet. Compared with Ctrl and LO2.5 diets (0.06% and 0.08%), goats fed LFO2.5, and LFO4.16 had greater (p < 0.001) concentrations of C22:6n-3 (0.63% and 0.87%). Overall, the combined data suggested that including 4.16% linseed oil and fish oil in the diet of dairy goats was effective in improving the concentrations of health-promoting fatty acids in milk without affecting milk production.
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Chen, W., R. Zhao, B. X. Yan, J. S. Zhang, Y. Q. Huang, Z. X. Wang i Y. M. Guo. "Effects of the replacement of corn oil with linseed oil on fatty acid composition and the expression of lipogenic genes in broiler chickens". Czech Journal of Animal Science 59, No. 8 (26.08.2014): 353–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/7586-cjas.
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The effect of dietary 18:2n-6/18:3n-3 ratio (by the replacement of corn oil with linseed oil) on n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) enrichment in breast muscle of broiler chickens and the expression of lipogenic genes were investigated. Broiler chickens were fed ad libitum with diets containing 5% corn oil (CO), 3.75% corn oil + 1.25% linseed oil (CL1), 2.5% corn oil + 2.5% linseed oil (CL2), and 5% linseed oil (LO) based on the basic diets, respectively. Dietary 18:2n-6/18:3n-3 ratio did not affect 42-day body weight and 0–42-day feed conversion efficiency (feed/gain, P > 0.05) of broiler chickens, however, 5% linseed oil significantly increased 0–21-day feed conversion efficiency (feed/gain, P < 0.05) and decreased breast muscle weight (by 16%, P < 0.05) of broiler chickens. With the decrease of dietary 18:2n-6/18:3n-3 ratio, the enrichment of total n-3 PUFA, 18:3n-3, 20:5n-3, and 22:5n-3 increased linearly (P < 0.01), while the enrichment of total n-6 PUFA and 18:2n-6 decreased linearly (P < 0.01) in breast muscle of broiler chickens. Dietary corn oil increased the enrichment proportion of 20:4n-6 in a dosage-independent manner. Replacing 1.5% corn oil with linseed oil increased the enrichment proportion of 22:6n-3 (P < 0.05), but continuing to increase dietary linseed oil could not further elevate its deposition. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR was used to determine the expression of the mRNA levels of related genes. Dietary PUFA had insignificant effect on the expressions of LPIN2, WD and tetratricopeptide repeats 1 (WDTC1) and △-6 fatty acid desaturase (FADS2) in both breast muscle and abdominal fat. The effect of dietary PUFA on the expression of LPIN1 gene showed clear tissue dependence. Equivalent adding of corn oil and linseed oil could up-regulate the mRNA level of LPIN1 in abdominal fat (P < 0.01). This study demonstrated that decreasing dietary 18:2n-6/18:3n-3 ratio promoted the deposition of desirable n-3 long chain PUFA in the edible tissue and influenced the expression of LPIN1 in a tissue-dependent manner.
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Zhao, Rong Ying, Min Wang, Zhan Hai Dang, Zhao Dang i Gui Zhang. "Visual Analysis of International Oil Flax Research". Advanced Materials Research 343-344 (wrzesień 2011): 673–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.343-344.673.
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Oil flax is one of five major oil crops. Linseed and linseed oil have important uses. Linseed is rich in flax gum, and it can be used as food additives, cosmetics raw powder, pharmaceutical raw materials. Linseed oil is a kind of high quality edible oil, rich in α-linolenic acid and various unsaturated fatty acids, and it plays an important role in the promotion of human intelligence, physical brain, preventing cardiovascular disease, and the suppression of disease genes.This paper selects the SCI database as the data source, and do visual analysis on the international literature related to oil flax. With the help of information visualization software CiteSpace, we can clearly display and analyze the annual published articles within and outside the country, main nations and institutions doing oil flax research, subject distribution and highly cited works. Through these analyses, we can clearly see the overall situation of oil flax.
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Abdelatti, Zainab Ali Saad, i Manfred Hartbauer. "Linseed Oil Affects Aggregation Behaviour in the Desert Locust Schistocerca gregaria—A Potential Swarm Disruptive Agent". Agronomy 10, nr 10 (24.09.2020): 1458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101458.
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Gregarious desert locusts constitute very destructive agricultural pests. They aggregate and form collectively moving swarms that devastate vegetation and reduce crop production. To combat gregarious locusts, a bio-pesticide formulation that contains linseed oil as the main component was described recently. Since linseed oil is rich in fatty acids, some of which function as necromones that indicate injury or death in various insect species, we investigated the influence of linseed oil on the aggregation behaviour of sexually mature gregarious desert locusts. For this reason, we performed a series of aggregation experiments with six individuals of the same sex and brushed the wings of one individual (target individual) with linseed oil. The time the oil brushed target males spent close to any other individual was reduced in 76% of trials (average reduction of 18%), whereas the time target females spent in groups with members of the same sex did not alter. These results suggest that linseed oil may act as a bioactive agent that has the potential to disrupt swarm formation.
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Joshi, Yogesh, Ruchika Garg i Divya Juyal. "Evaluation of synergistic antimicrobial activity of Gemifloxacin with Linum usitatissimum seed oil". Journal of Phytopharmacology 3, nr 6 (25.12.2014): 384–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2014.3602.
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Gemifloxacin and Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) oil has individual in-vitro antimicrobial activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms. To reduce dose dependent side effects and the development of drug-resistance by an antibiotic when used alone, in accordance with the maintenance of the effectiveness, the alternative approach nowadays is to go for combinations of antibiotic required for the treatment along with any other suitable agent for minimization of the above problems. This study involved an initial approach to evaluate the synergistic antimicrobial effects of gemifloxacin with linseed oil. The physicochemical properties of the oil determined were color, odor, specific gravity, acid value, iodine value and saponification value. Phytochemical analysis revealed that Linseed oil contains fats, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols and tannins. Combined antimicrobial effects of both gemifloxacin and linseed oil were then analyzed in different combinations using the microbial strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtillus, Escherichia coli and Shigella boyedi. From the results, it was concluded that linseed oil synergies the antimicrobial potential of gemifloxacin when used simultaneously in various combinations.
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Alves, M., B. Grignard, S. Gennen, C. Detrembleur, C. Jerome i T. Tassaing. "Organocatalytic synthesis of bio-based cyclic carbonates from CO2 and vegetable oils". RSC Advances 5, nr 66 (2015): 53629–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra10190e.
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Huda, A. N., A. M. Sumitro, N. A. Hanifah, Aprodita, R. B. Lana, S. M. Dja’far, R. M. Aprilia, A. Sabarudin i H. Soetanto. "Antiprotozoal properties of potato peels and linseed oil and their effect on in vitro gas production". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 977, nr 1 (1.06.2022): 012128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/977/1/012128.
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Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the antiprotozoal activity of potato peels and linseed oil. The material used were complete feed, potato peel and linseed which was experimented in vitro with four treatments and one control, T0; T1 (complete feed + linseed oil 0.15%); T2 (complete feed + 0.15% potato peel); T3 (complete feed + linseed oil 0.075% + potato peel 0.075%); T4 (complete feed). The results obtained showed a significantly different (P<0.01) on protozoa defaunation, total gas and degradable Dry Matter (DM), and Organic Matter (OM). The addition of potato peel and linseed had the same defaunation effect but tended to decrease, while the total gas production and DM and OM degradability differed. The addition of 0.075% potato peel and 0.075% linseed oil in the complete feed (T3) resulted in the most efficient treatment for gas production, DM, and OM degradability value. In conclusion, the use of plant bioactive compounds as biomarkers in the manipulation of rumen fermentation needs to consider several things, especially the condition of the rumen microflora, instead of focusing on the final results of the manipulation.
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Kumar Rai, Ashutosh, Bhupendra Singh Chauhan, Amrita Pandey i Haeng Muk Cho. "Experimental Study of Linseed Oil as an Alternative Fuel for Diesel Engine". International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 1, nr 2 (2013): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.121312.
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Increased energy demand and the concern about environment friendly technology, renewable bio-fuels are better alternative to petroleum products. In the present study linseed oil was used as alternative source for diesel engine fuel and the results were compared with baseline data of neat diesel. Performance parameters such as brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and emissions parameters NOx were compared. BTE of the engine was lower and BSFC was higher when the engine was fueled with Linseed oil compared to diesel fuel. Emission characteristics are better than diesel fuel. NOx formation by using linseed oil during the experiment was lower than diesel fuel. Linseed oil is non edible oil, so it can be used as an extender of diesel fuel energy source for small and medium energy needs.
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Vatansever, L., E. Kurt, M. Enser, G. R. Nute, N. D. Scollan, J. D. Wood i R. I. Richardson. "Shelf life and eating quality of beef from cattle of different breeds given diets differing in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid composition". Animal Science 71, nr 3 (grudzień 2000): 471–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135772980005548x.
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AbstractTwo experiments were conducted with 32 Charolais cross steers (experiment 1) and 36 Holstein-Friesian and Welsh Black steers (experiment 2) to examine the effects of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA ) and breed on meat quality. Diets were comprised of grass silage and a concentrate (60 : 40 on a dry-matter basis). Lipid in the concentrate provided 30 g/kg diet dry matter derived from either linseed, fish oil or linseed/fish oil (experiment 1); and linseed or linseed/fish oil (experiment 2). These n-3 PUFA sources were compared with Megalac, a saturated fatty acid control, in both experiments. Diets were offered for 120 days (experiment 1) and 90 days (experiment 2). Measurements of meat quality included fatty acid composition, lipid oxidation and colour during retail display (i.e. shelf life parameters) and eating quality assessed by a trained taste panel. The samples examined were sirloin (longissimus) steaks and minced beef burgers produced from the forequarter muscles infraspinatus, supraspinatus and triceps brachii. The fatty acid results showed that linseed increased the proportion of 18 : 3 n-3 (a -linolenic acid) in neutral lipid of the burgers and approximately doubled it in the phospholipid. Increased synthesis of 20 : 4 n-3 and 20 : 5 n-3 also occurred, raising their levels in the phospholipid. Fish oil doubled the proportions of 20 : 5 n-3 and 22 : 6 n-3, with the linseed/fish oil results intermediate between linseed and fish oil. The Welsh Blacks in experiment 2 had higher proportions of 18 : 3 n-3 in neutral lipid and higher proportions of 18 : 3 n-3, 20 : 5 n-3 and 22 : 5 n-3 in phospholipid. This showed a clear genetic effect on fatty acid composition. The fish oil diet in experiment 1 greatly increased lipid oxidation during retail display in both overwrapped loin steaks and burgers packed in a modified atmosphere. Values for lipid oxidation in the burgers were much higher than in the steaks due to the intimate mixing of phospholipid fatty acids and prooxidants. Lipid oxidation was also greater in the linseed/fish oil samples than controls in both experiments but was similar in linseed and controls. Colour oxidation also proceeded more rapidly in the fish oil samples in experiment 1 and tended to be faster in the linseed/fish oil groups in both experiments. Eating quality was affected by diet in experiment 1 — the fish oil samples eliciting higher scores for ‘fishy’ and ‘rancid’ than controls and having lower ‘overall liking’ scores. Steaks from animals given the linseed diet (with high 18 : 3 n-3 proportions) had the highest ‘overall liking’ scores in experiment 1 but the cattle given linseed for the shorter time in experiment 2 were not different from controls. Despite their different PUFA profile in muscle, Welsh Blacks had similar eating quality scores to Holstein-Friesians which deposited more neutral lipid (marbling fat) in muscle.
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Chen, Jinyu, Yujiao Wang, Jinzhen Cao i Wang Wang. "Improved Water Repellency and Dimensional Stability of Wood via Impregnation with an Epoxidized Linseed Oil and Carnauba Wax Complex Emulsion". Forests 11, nr 3 (28.02.2020): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11030271.
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Natural wood is susceptible to moisture during its practical use, limiting not only service life but also the range of uses. In this study, plant extracts, specifically linseed oil and carnauba wax (both environmentally friendly and water-repellent substances), were examined as a means to mitigate limitations of natural wood. Stable and homogenous epoxidized linseed oil/carnauba wax emulsions with an average particle size less than 230 nm were used as a modifier to enhance the performance of wood. Weight percentage gain, bulking coefficient, micromorphology, chemical structure, moisture adsorption, contact angle, water repellency, and dimensional stability of treated wood were measured. Using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), it was observed that carnauba wax and epoxidized linseed oil acted as a mechanical barrier and could partially cover or block vessels, pits, and wood rays. Furthermore, the hydrophobicity of wood increased significantly after emulsion impregnation. However, there was no obvious chemical reaction between epoxidized linseed oil and the main components of wood in the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results. The combined effect of epoxidized linseed oil and carnauba wax was apparent in both decreased water absorption and dimensional deformation. Poplar wood impregnated with an epoxidized linseed oil/carnauba wax complex emulsion shows potential for improving water-related properties. Thus, the complex emulsion modification can improve the inherent shortcoming of poplar wood effectively.
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Salaro, Ana L., Thiago R. A. Felipe, Cristiana L. S. Carneiro, Jener A. S. Zuanon, Cephora M. Sabarense, Antônio P. S. Carneiro, Wilson M. Furuya, Galileu C. Veras i Daniel A. V. Campelo. "Effect of dietary vegetable lipid sources on the growth performance and whole-body fatty acid profile of giant trahira, Hoplias lacerdae". Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 20, nr 4 (10.11.2022): e0609. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2022204-18977.
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Aim of study: To evaluate which vegetable lipid source promotes better growth performance, whole-body composition and fatty acid profile for juvenile giant trahira (Hoplias lacerdae).
Area of study: Fish Nutrition Laboratory of the University of Viçosa (UFV), MG, Brazil.
Material and methods: A 50-day feed trial with four treatments, consisting of diets containing different vegetable lipid sources (canola, linseed, soybean or olive oil), was conducted with juveniles of 4.76 ± 0.50 cm and 1.97 ± 0.20 g.
Main results: There were no effects of vegetable lipid sources on growth performance. Fish fed diets containing canola oil had higher body lipid deposition and fish fed with linseed oil had lower body lipid content (up to -19.29%) than fish from other treatments. Fish fed canola oil showed lower proportions of saturated fatty acids (up to -11.27%) in the body. Fish fed diets containing soybean oil and linseed oil showed the highest percentages of linoleic and α-linolenic fatty acids, respectively. Fish fed diets containing soybean and linseed oils also had higher total polyunsaturated fatty acids content (up to +81.14%). Fish fed diets containing linseed oil had lower content of monounsaturated fatty acids (up to -58.59%) and higher content of docosahexaenoic (up to +175%) and eicosapentaenoic (not detectable to detectable) acids.
Research highlights: Juveniles of giant thraira can alter the whole-body fatty acid profile due to their ability to desaturate and elongate the n3 and n6 series fatty acids. Linseed oil was identified as lipid source for this fish species.
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V, Asha, i Sudalaiyandi K. "Physical Characteristics of Ternary Blends of Biodiesel". Journal of Manufacturing Engineering 17, nr 2 (1.06.2022): 068–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37255/jme.v17i2pp068-072.
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Fossil fuels are being gradually exhausted and need to go to new energy options. The vegetable oils are significant resources for biodiesel production and the best alternative for diesel from crude oil. This research aims to study the physical characteristics of diesel in combination with linseed oil, waste cooking oil and rubber seed oil as ternary blend biodiesels. Ternary blends mean a combination of diesel, biodiesel-1 and biodiesel-2. Four ternary blends have been prepared in various proportions from linseed and rubber seed oil, and another four ternary blends have been prepared from linseed and waste cooking oil. These three oils have relatively similar physical characteristics, non-edible. Physical characteristics tests were carried out using ternary biodiesel mixtures. The experimental study has shown the physical characteristics of the ternary blend by comparing the blends' kinematic viscosity, density, flash point and fire point. The blend of 95% diesel, 2.5% linseed and 2.5% rubber seed biodiesel gives better physical characteristics. By analysing the graph, the particular blends give similar physical characteristics to diesel. So the blend of linseed and rubber seed oil gives the best physical characteristics compared to other blends. It has lower viscosity values, nearly the same as diesel. So it does not affect the performance of an engine.
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Rosa, Bruna Laurindo, Emanuel Almeida de Oliveira, Wignez Henrique, Thiago Martins Pivaro, Diego Azevedo Mota, Cassio Toledo Messias, Patrícia Gelli Feres de Marchi, Lidianne Assis Silva i Danielle Saldanha de Souza Araújo. "Carcass and beef quality of crossbred cattle fed increasing linseed oil levels". Semina: Ciências Agrárias 42, nr 6supl2 (8.10.2021): 3901–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n6supl2p3901.
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Strategies to improve beef nutritional value, mainly fatty acid composition, have been a major goal for the scientific community. The use of different oil contents, mostly those rich in unsaturated fatty acids, can be interesting for cost reduction, as well as cattle performance and meat quality improvements. This study assessed the influence of diets containing increasing linseed oil levels (1.0, 3.8, and 5.2% DM) on performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of feedlot-finished Nellore x Canchim steers and heifers. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design and arranged in a mixed 3 x 2 factorial scheme. Increasing oil levels linearly decreased dry matter intake (DMI) (P < 0.05) and hence improved feed efficiency (P < 0.05), regardless of sexual condition. A beneficial effect of increasing the inclusion of linseed oil was the reduction DMI. Steers had a higher weight at slaughter (P < 0.05) and heifers had greater backfat thickness (P < 0.05). The concentrations of most fatty acids were changed by the linseed oil levels studied (P < 0.05). Dietary inclusion of linseed oil improved beef quality by reducing (P < 0.05) the n-6:n-3 ratio by 1.3 points per percentage point increase in linseed oil level in the finishing diet of both sexes.
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La, Ha Thi Thai, i Tinh Dinh Cong Vo. "Synthesis of Urea Formaldehyde microcapsules containing linseed oil for self-healing coating". Science and Technology Development Journal 19, nr 4 (31.12.2016): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v19i4.594.
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Microcapsules had Urea Formaldehyde (UF) shell and linseed oil core were investigated manufacture. Synthesis UF shell of Microcapsules was experimented by emulsion polymerization and pH was only adjusted once by mixer of Resorcinol / Amoni Clorua. Content of Urea and emulsifiler Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate, pH, agitation rate were investigated. This research shows that the linseed oil (core) is disintegrated at 1,500 rpm in pH = 5.5 with 1.2% (w/w) Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate. In addition, the combination of Urea used in order to create the shell about 40% (w/w) linseed oil and Formaldehyde are suitable. The microcapsules products have the average size less 100 μm. Besides that, the content of the linseed oil in the core is about 87% (w/w)take the advantage to use in self-healing coating.
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Edimecheva, I. P., A. A. Sosnovskaya i O. I. Shadyro. "THE APPLICATION OF NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC ANTIOXIDANTS TO INCREASE THE OXIDATION RESISTANCE OF LINSeED OIL". Food Industry: Science and Technology 13, nr 4(50) (15.06.2020): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.47612/2073-4794-2020-13-4(50)-41-51.
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The effectiveness of several synthetic and natural antioxidants (AO) in inhibiting the oxidation of linseed oil has been studied. Under the conditions of accelerated oxidation at 100 °С, the values of the induction period of oxidation and stabilization factors of linseed oil in the presence of additives of known phenolic AOs, tocopherols, fat-soluble ascorbic acid esters and compositions based on them were determined. The data obtained indicate that ascorbic acid esters effectively inhibit the oxidation of linseed oil. The stabilizing effect of ascorbyl palmitate (AP) increases with an elevation in the content of α-linolenic acid in the oil and a decrease in the oxidative stability of the oil. One AP provided better stabilization efficiency than some known compositions based on it. Kinetic data on the accumulation of oxidation products in linseed oil with AP additives during the storage at room temperature and with free access of the air were obtained, demonstrating high inhibiting activity of AP under these conditions, which provides a possibility to increase the shelf life of the stabilized oil up to 18 months or more.
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Topnikova, E. V., E. N. Pirogova i E. S. Danilova. "Quality assessment of linseed oil". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1052, nr 1 (1.07.2022): 012096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1052/1/012096.
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Abstract The nutritional structure of various categories of Russian citizens is characterized by insufficient consumption of especially biologically valuable food nutrients, such as vitamins, microelements, polyunsaturated fatty acids. Currently, more and more consumers are paying attention to the fullness of the diet with useful components, i.e. the problem of healthy nutrition of the population is becoming more and more important every year. Vegetable oils and products based on them hold a valuable place among the products related to healthy food. They have a significant calorie content (850-900 kcal per 100 g), but at the same time they differ from animal fats in the absence of cholesterol. They are suppliers of essential fatty acids, fat-soluble vitamins, phospholipids, sterols and tocopherols to the body. The unique properties and composition of linseed oil are noted. Fatty acid composition, organoleptic assessment and acid value index of seven samples of linseed oil from various Russian manufacturers were analyzed in order to determine their quality. Analysis of the fatty acid composition of the oil samples showed that 28% of the samples did not fall within the ranges stipulated by the regulatory documents for the content of linoleic and linolenic acids. Almost 60% of linseed oil samples had rather high scores (7.0-8.5 points) for taste and smell. Organoleptic characteristics associated with possible falsification by other types of vegetable oils were noted in 30% of the samples. Analysis of the acid value, as an indicator of oxidative deterioration of the product, showed that all samples of linseed oil had no signs of deep oxidative deterioration.
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Zovi, Ornella, Laurence Lecamp, Corinne Loutelier-Bourhis, Catherine M. Lange i Claude Bunel. "Stand reaction of linseed oil". European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology 113, nr 5 (27.01.2011): 616–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.201000414.
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Källbom, Arja, Austin Nevin i Francesca C. Izzo. "Multianalytical Assessment of Armour Paints—The Ageing Characteristics of Historic Drying Oil Varnish Paints for Protection of Steel and Iron Surfaces in Sweden". Heritage 4, nr 3 (7.07.2021): 1141–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4030063.
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The characteristics of armour paints, historically used to protect ferrous industrial heritage, are explored. Amour paints contain lamellar and highly reflexive pigments of micaceous iron oxide (MIO) and metallic, leafing aluminium, bound in linseed oil and linseed oil–tung oil mixtures, on an inhibitive and soap-forming linseed oil primer (red lead). It is the first study of the binding media used for historical armour paints and investigates the chemical and physical ageing of armour paints using a multianalytical approach. Naturally aged examples are compared to accelerated aged replica armour paint, and to historical paints. The ageing and degradation reactions are assessed by complementary GC–MS and FTIR, together with measurements of wettability, hardness and surface colour. The historical paint formulations include linseed oils and alkyd binders. The results confirm that the leafing effect of aluminium pigments results in only a small concentration of binder at the surface: the paints studied reflect light and form a strong chemical and physical barrier. Linseed oils and tung oil mixtures have been proven to be suitable for the production of armour paints, but the evaluation of ageing and assessment of physical changes will require further investigation.
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Saastamoinen, Marketta, Juha-Matti Pihlava, Merja Eurola, Ari Klemola, Lauri Jauhiainen i Veli Hietaniemi. "Yield, SDG lignan, cadmium, lead, oil and protein contents of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) cultivated in trials and at different farm conditions in the south-western part of Finland". Agricultural and Food Science 22, nr 2 (26.06.2013): 296–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.7355.
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Linseed varieties were studied in variety trials and under farm conditions in south-western Finland in the years 2007−2010. The variation in yield, oil, protein, SDG lignan, cadmium and lead contents were studied in 8 oil and 2 fibre linseed varieties. Genotypic, environmental and genotype x environment interaction variance estimates were calculated. Fibre varieties ‘Belinka’ and ‘Martta’ had higher protein and lower oil contents than oil linseed varieties.The SDG lignan contents of linseed varieties varied between 3635−9560 mg kg-1. Rather high genotypic variance was found in yield, oil, protein and SDG lignan contents. Variety ‘Laser’ had lower SDG lignan content. ‘Abacus’, ‘Helmi’ and ‘Martta’ had the highest SDG lignan contents. Variation in cadmium and lead contents were caused by environmental effects. The highest cadmium contents, 0.82−1.69 mg kg-1, were found in soils fertilized by wastewater sludge about 20 years ago and at fields with low bottom soil pH (4.1−4.5).
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Pisu, Francesca A., Carlo Maria Carbonaro, Pier Carlo Ricci, Stefania Porcu i Daniele Chiriu. "Cadmium Yellow Pigments in Oil Paintings: Optical Degradation Studies Utilizing 3D Fluorescence Mapping Supported by Raman Spectroscopy and Colorimetry". Heritage 7, nr 5 (2.05.2024): 2426–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage7050115.
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The degradation of cadmium yellow in paintings is influenced by various factors, primarily environmental conditions and light exposure. Applying a thin protective layer of linseed oil on the surface could help mitigate these processes. Linseed oil, being a natural material, acts as a barrier against harmful atmospheric agents like moisture and oxygen, which contribute to the degradation of pigments including cadmium yellow. Additionally, linseed oil reduces direct light exposure, thereby lowering the risk of fading and color alteration. In this study, we explored the degradation of cadmium pigments mixed with oil and applied on canvas. We elucidated how the use of a binder prevents the direct oxidation of the pigment, inducing artificial degradation by irradiating samples with UVA (365 nm) and UVC (250 nm) sources. By employing various spectroscopic techniques such as three-dimensional fluorescence mapping (PLE) and Raman, along with colorimetric analysis, we gained a comprehensive understanding of the degradation process, particularly when linseed oil serves as a protective layer.
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Banou, Penelope, Konstantinos Choulis, Thanasis Karabotsos, Dimitris Tsimogiannis, Lamprini-Areti Tsakanika, Constantina Tzia i Athena Alexopoulou. "Oil Media on Paper: Investigating the Effect of Linseed Oils on Pure Cellulosic Paper Supports. A Research Matter of Damage Assessment". Analytica 3, nr 1 (8.03.2022): 120–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/analytica3010009.
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Oil media on paper, such as oil paintings, sketches, prints, and books, occasionally present problems associated with the effect of oil medium on the paper support, raising a composite matter of condition assessment as it depends on several factors. The present work examines the effect of linseed oil on paper and, in particular, the changes caused by three types of linseed oil on the optical, morphological, mechanical, and chemical properties of pure cellulosic paper, employing mock-ups submitted to artificial ageing in controlled conditions of relative humidity and temperature in airtight vessels. The study involved colorimetry, opacity, tensile strength, pH measurements, SEM, FTIR, and VOC analysis with GC-MS. Processing of the results has so far indicated that thermal-humid ageing caused the gradual darkening of the oil-impregnated mock-ups, as well as alterations in opacity, intense fall of pH values, and severe reductions in tensile strength, while linseed oil processing during manufacture has a significant impact. FTIR spectra have indicated that chemical changes upon ageing are in accordance with those of optical and mechanical changes, while VOC emissions are mostly associated with the drying and degradation of the different types of linseed oil.
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Vasava, N. M., J. C. Shroff, S. N. Shah, P. M. Parmar i M. P. Dohat. "Growth, Yield and Quality of Linseed under Replacement Series in Legume Intercropping System". International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 36, nr 5 (21.03.2024): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i54514.
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Among the oil seeds crops grown during rabi season, linseed is next in importance to rapeseed and mustard in area as well as production. This crop is often grown on marginal and sub marginal land in rainfed conditions as pure and mixed or intercrop. It is one among minor crops which is of economic value because of its common usage in animal feed, oil extraction, etc. There are many factors responsible for lack of productivity of linseed including crop failure. Therefore increasing productivity and avoiding the risk associated with complete crop failure intercropping is the way forward. Hence, a field experiment was conducted at College Agronomy Farm, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during two consecutive rabi season of the year 2019-20 and 2020-21 in Randomized Block Design (RBD), consisting of ninth different intercropping systems viz.; T1: sole chickpea, T2: sole linseed, T3: sole fenugreek, T4: (chickpea + linseed 2:1), T5: (chickpea + linseed 3:1), T6: (chickpea + linseed 4:2), T7: (chickpea + fenugreek 2:1), T8: (chickpea + fenugreek 3:1) and T9: (chickpea + fenugreek 4:2) with four replication. The results showed that the plant height of linseed at harvest, number of branches per plant at 60 DAS (Days after sowing) and at harvest was found significantly higher under treatment T2 (sole linseed) during the both years as well as in pooled results. Furthermore treatment T2 (sole linseed) recorded significantly higher number of capsules/plant during the year 2019-20, 2020-21 and on pooled base analysis, respectively but being comparable with treatment T4 (chickpea + linseed 2:1) during both the years. Maximum seed yield of linseed was obtained under treatment T2 (sole linseed) during the individual years and on pooled base analysis, respectively. Among the intercropping treatments, higher seed yield of linseed was obtained in the treatment T4 (chickpea + linseed 2:1). While the highest straw yield and harvest index of linseed was obtained in treatment T2 (sole linseed) during the year 2019-2020, 2020-21 and in pooled results. Treatment T2 (sole linseed) gave the highest crude protein (%) and oil content (%) during the both years as well as pooled results.
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Araujo, Robert Guaracy Aparecido Cardoso, Gustavo do Valle Polycarpo, Antonio Carlos Laurentiz, Victor Hugo Alderenike Amaral, Polyana Vellone Giacomini, Gabrieli Andressa de Lima, Barbara Fernanda da Silva Barbosa, Gabriela Ventura i Valquíria Cação Cruz-Polycarpo. "Apparent metabolizable energy values of n-6 and n-3 rich lipid sources for laying hens". Canadian Journal of Animal Science 99, nr 1 (1.03.2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2017-0195.
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The objective of this research was to evaluate the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) balance of the following lipid sources: soybean oil, sunflower oil, linseed oil, and fish oil. Two hundred eighty 24-wk-old laying hens of the Hysex White were used. The experimental diets consisted of a basal diet (reference group), basal diet + 10% soybean oil addition (group 1), basal diet + 10% sunflower oil addition (group 2), basal diet + 10% linseed oil addition (group 3), and basal diet + 10% fish oil addition (group 4), distributed in a completely randomized design with seven replicates and eight birds per experimental unit. The metabolic assay was performed by the total excreta collection method. The AMEn values found in the natural material were 9 334 kcal kg−1 for soybean oil, 10 533 kcal kg−1 for sunflower oil, 10 928 kcal kg−1 for linseed oil, and 9 005 kcal kg−1 for fish oil. The AMEn were different among the lipid sources. Sunflower oil and linseed oil had higher AMEn compared with soybean oil and fish oil (P < 0.05). The AMEn of the lipid sources of plant origin had higher values than the gross energy. The fatty acid profile of each lipid source was presented in this work. Thus, it is important to have individual nutritional information for each type of oil for laying hens, making it possible to formulate more appropriate and accurate feed.
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J.A, PATEL, GUPTA Y.K, PATEL J.N i PATEL S.B. "GENETIC ANALYSIS IN LINSEED". Madras Agricultural Journal 84, October (1997): 595–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a00921.
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Genetic analysis of components of variation for seed yield, oil yield and yield components revealed the importance of both additive and non additive type of gene action in the inheritance of all the characters studied. However, preponderance of additive components was observed for phenological traits, viz. days to flower and days to maturity, equal importance of both additive and dominance components for plant height, primary branches per plant, 500-seeds weight and seed oil content, whereas preponderance of dominance component was revealed for number of capsules per plant, seeds per capsule, seed yield per plant, biological yield per plant, harvest index and oil yield per plant. The biparental mating or diallel selective mating is suggested to exploit the genetic components for improvement of the characters studied.
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Fodor, Fanni, i Róbert Németh. "Testing the Photostability of Acetylated and Boiled Linseed Oil-coated Common Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) Wood". Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica 13, nr 1 (1.06.2017): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aslh-2017-0006.
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AbstractIn this study, the effect of acetylation and coating with boiled linseed oil was evaluated concerning the photodegradation of common hornbeam wood (Carpinus betulusL.). To measure colour stability, a 10-month-long outdoor weather resistance test without soil contact was performed as well as artificial aging using a 200 hour mercury-vapour lamp irradiation test. The measurements were done on hornbeam, acetylated hornbeam, boiled linseed oil-treated hornbeam, and acetylated and boiled linseed oil-treated hornbeam samples. The control and treated samples’ colour change was determined by comparing them to the original colour in all cases. The photodegradation process was examined with Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Acetylated hornbeam was less prone to crack, but the modification did not hinder the fading and greying caused by UV irradiation. Coating the samples with boiled linseed oil decreased the rate of colour change and cracking. The photodegradation of lignin was confirmed by the FTIR spectra.
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Mostalygina, Lidiya Vital'yevna, Svetlana Nikolayevna Elizarova, Aleksandr Vadimovich Kostin i Inna Aleksandrovna Bogdanovskaya. "ADSORPTION PURIFICATION OF UNREFINED VEGETABLE OILS WITH BENTONITE CLAY OF ZYRYANSK DEPOSIT". chemistry of plant raw material, nr 1 (13.03.2023): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20230111062.
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Magnesium ions predominate in the exchange complex of bentonite clay from the Zyryanskoye deposit. The amount of exchange cations varies within 76–95 mmol equivalents. The main rock-forming mineral of Zyryansk bentonite is montmorillonite. The adsorption and desorption isotherm of nitrogen by bentonite clay from the Zyryanskoe deposit has the form of a hysteresis loop, which is typical for bentonite clays from other deposits and corresponds to adsorption in mesoporous solids.
The dynamics of the content of free fatty acids ((FFA (acid number (AN)) and peroxide compounds ((PC (peroxide number (PN)) in samples of unrefined vegetable oils: sunflower oil “Sloboda” and linseed oil “Yeleya” was studied. Six months later the AN and the PN in unrefined linseed oil, and the AN in unrefined sunflower oil increased, but the numbers did not exceed the maximum permissible values. The PN in unrefined sunflower oil increased by 6.4 times and exceeded the maximum permissible values.
Isotherms of sorption of FFA and PC by native bentonite clay (NG) of the Zyryansk deposit have been obtained. The kinetics of sorption of FFA and PC of sunflower and linseed oil has been studied. The equilibration time is 90–120 min. The optimum operation of sorption of FFA and PC has been determined (static operation with stirring for 2 h at a ratio of m(clay) : V(oil)=1 g : 40 ml.
The maximum degree of extraction of FFA from sunflower oil by bentonite clay was 31%; from linseed – 9%. The degree of extraction of PC from sunflower oil by bentonite clay was 48%, from linseed oil – 33%.
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Maslinskaya, M. E., N. S. Savelyeu i A. A. Sosnovskaya. "LINSEED AS A RAW MATERIAL FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE ADDITIVES". Food Industry: Science and Technology 15, nr 1(55) (12.03.2022): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.47612/2073-4794-2022-15-1(55)-21-30.
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Researches of the main economically valuable traits of Belarusian varieties of oil flax - Brest, Ilim, Opus, Salyut, Focus were carried out. It has been established that the total infection of flax seeds with a complex of pathogens does not exceed 27.2%, field germination by varieties on average over the years of testing was 81.8%-87.1%, plant survival 79.6-83.3%. The maximum productivity of seeds of the presented varieties and the oil content in them were studied, the analysis of the crop structure was carried out. The fatty acid composition of linseed oil, the content of omega-3 α-linolenic acid, tocopherols, carotenoids, coenzyme Q10, and phytosterols have been studied. It has been established that the oxidative stability of the studied samples of linseed oil decreases with an increase in the content of α-linolenic acid. To ensure effective antioxidant protection of specialized food products based on linseed oil, stabilizers based on fat-soluble derivatives of ascorbic acid were used, which make it possible to significantly inhibit the processes of oxidation and oxidative degradation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Based on the results obtained, formulations and technologies for obtaining two specialized food products based on linseed oil have been developed.
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Depczyńska, Ewelina, Waldemar Perdoch i Bartłomiej Mazela. "Influence of Reaction Parameters on the Gelation of Silanised Linseed Oil". Materials 13, nr 23 (26.11.2020): 5376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13235376.
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The subject of this work was to characterize the catalytic course of the linseed oil silylation reaction with vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMOS), carried out under elevated pressure and temperature conditions, and an explanation of the reasons for rapid gelation of the reaction product. To explain and describe the process, analytical methods were used, i.e., 1H and 13C NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), GC-FID (gas chromatography coupled with flame ionisation detection), and GPC (gel permeation chromatography). Reaction products were monitored after 3, 6 and 12 h. The molar mass of the VTMOS-modified oil in only 3 h was comparable with the molar mass of the product obtained by conventional polymerisation. An increase in the reaction time resulted in further transformations resulting from the hydrolysis and condensation reactions taking place. In contrast to reactivity of soybean oil, the silanisation of linseed oil occurred much faster and without the need for cross-linking catalysts. The reason for the high reactivity of linseed oil to VTMOS and rapid gelation of the resulting product was primarily the amount of double bonds present in linseed oil and their high availability, in particular the double bond in the acid linolenic acid located at the C16 carbon.
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WACHIRA, A. M., L. A. SINCLAIR, R. G. WILKINSON, K. HALLETT, M. ENSER i J. D. WOOD. "Rumen biohydrogenation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and their effects on microbial efficiency and nutrient digestibility in sheep". Journal of Agricultural Science 135, nr 4 (grudzień 2000): 419–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859699008370.
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The study examined the extent to which n-3 PUFA from different sources were biohydrogenated in the rumen and their effects on rumen microbial efficiency and whole tract nutrient digestibility. Four ruminally and duodenally cannulated wether lambs were used in a 4×4 Latin square design. Four iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous diets based on dried grass were formulated to provide similar fat levels (60g/kg DM) from different sources; Megalac (palmitic acid: C16:0; Control), whole linseed (α-linolenic acid, C18:3n-3 ; Linseed) fish oil (eicosapentaenoic acid, C20:5n-3, EPA and docosahexaenoic acids C22:6n-3, DHA; Fish oil) and whole linseed plus fish oil providing equal amounts of oil (LinFish). Diets were offered at a rate of 1·2kg/day in 12 equal portions.Total fatty acid intake was similar on all diets whilst duodenal fatty acid flow varied between 101, 94, 87 and 90% of dietary intake for animals fed the Control, Linseed, Fish oil and Linfish diets respectively. Duodenal flow of C18:3 n-3 in animals fed the Linseed diet was twice that of animals fed the Control diet (P < 0·01) whilst animals fed the Fish oil diet had a significantly greater flow of EPA and DHA than those fed any of the other dietary treatments. Duodenal flow of trans C18:1 in animals fed the Linfish diet was significantly greater than that in animals fed either Linseed, Fish oil or Control diets (P < 0·001). Biohydrogenation of C18:3n-3 was 80 to 93% in all diets whilst that of C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 was 72 to 79% in diets that contained fish oil or linseed and fish oil. Apparent fatty acid digestibility (duodenum to rectum) tended to be greater for unsaturated than saturated fatty acids whilst whole tract fatty acid digestibility (mouth to rectum) was significantly greater in animals fed diets containing fish oil (P0·05). All dietary n-3 PUFA sources decreased microbial protein synthesis and efficiency when expressed as either gN/kg organic matter (OM) apparently or truly degraded in the rumen. Additionally, the inclusion of fish oil increased the proportion of propionate in the rumen whilst depressing the rumen digestibility of OM and fibre (P < 0·01), but had no significant effect on whole tract OM or fibre digestibility.
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Wright, J., Z. Shen i S. Rizkalla. "A three-year field and laboratory evaluation of linseed oil as a concrete sealer". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 20, nr 5 (1.10.1993): 844–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l93-110.
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Sealers are used to enhance concrete durability through their ability to prevent moisture penetration and chloride intrusion, and, consequently, improve the freeze–thaw performance of the concrete and prevent corrosion of the steel reinforcement, respectively. This paper summarizes the results of three years of comprehensive field and laboratory investigations, undertaken at The University of Manitoba, to study the effectiveness of boiled linseed oil and mineral spirits in comparison to a silane and a siloxane sealer. The field investigation examined the performance of the sealers applied to the concrete pavements of a city street, a provincial highway, and an airport apron in Winnipeg, Manitoba. The laboratory investigation included sealer penetration, salt-water absorption and vapour transmission, abrasion, chloride ion intrusion, surface scaling resistance, and rapid freeze–thaw cycling. Test results of the field and laboratory investigation indicated that boiled linseed oil and mineral spirits was the most effective sealer at reducing chloride ion intrusion. It was found that boiled linseed oil and mineral spirits was comparable to siloxane and much more effective than the silane at reducing salt-water absorption. The results also indicated that boiled linseed oil and mineral spirits was most effective at reducing surface scaling and remained effective when subjected to salt-water absorption after abrasion. Key words: concrete sealers, linseed oil, silane, siloxane, absorption, scaling, chloride intrusion.
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Sousa, R. V., E. T. Fialho, J. A. F. Lima, J. I. Alvarez-Leite, W. C. Cortez i M. S. S. Ferreira. "Effect of different oils in diets for finishing pigs: performance, carcass traits and fatty acid profile of the meat". Animal Production Science 50, nr 9 (2010): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an09138.
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An experiment was carried out in the Animal Science Department of Lavras University to determine the effects of different oils on the performance, carcass traits and fatty acid profile of meat from finishing pigs. In total, 80 Large White × Landrace animals, including 40 gilts and 40 barrows, with an average initial weight of 68.50 ± 1.45 kg, were used. Isoenergetic, isoprotein and isolysinic diets based on corn and soybean meal without the addition of oil or with 2% soybean oil, canola oil, linseed oil or PUFA commercial oil were tested. No significant (P > 0.05) effects were observed in the pigs’ performance. However, significant (P < 0.05) improvements were observed regarding the percentage of meat on the carcass and the loin area with the addition of linseed oil (2%) in the diets. The carcasses of the pigs fed diets containing linseed oil also had higher content of protein in the femoral biceps muscle compared with those from pigs fed soybean oil diets. The fatty acid composition of the intramuscular fat of the longissimus dorsi muscle reflected the composition of the oils added to the diets. In conclusion, linseed oil at 2.0% in the finishing pig diet improved lean tissue accretion (lean meat and loin area in the carcass). In addition, the fatty acid deposition in the muscles followed the dietary fatty acid profile.
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Tammekivi, Eliise, Signe Vahur, Martin Vilbaste i Ivo Leito. "Quantitative GC–MS Analysis of Artificially Aged Paints with Variable Pigment and Linseed Oil Ratios". Molecules 26, nr 8 (12.04.2021): 2218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26082218.
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In this study, quantitative gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis was used to evaluate the influence of pigment concentration on the drying of oil paints. Seven sets of artificially aged self-made paints with different pigments (yellow ochre, red ochre, natural cinnabar, zinc white, Prussian blue, chrome oxide green, hematite + kaolinite) and linseed oil mixtures were analysed. In the pigment + linseed oil mixtures, linseed oil concentration varied in the range of 10 to 95 g/100 g. The results demonstrate that the commonly used palmitic acid to stearic acid ratio (P/S) to distinguish between drying oils varied in a vast range (from especially low 0.6 to a common 1.6) even though the paints contained the same linseed oil. Therefore, the P/S ratio is an unreliable parameter, and other criteria should be included for confirmation. The pigment concentration had a substantial effect on the values used to characterise the degree of drying (azelaic acid to palmitic acid ratio (A/P) and the relative content of dicarboxylic acids (∑D)). The absolute quantification showed that almost all oil paint mock-ups were influenced by pigment concentration. Therefore, pigment concentration needs to be considered as another factor when characterising oil-based paint samples based on the lipid profile.