Rozprawy doktorskie: „Linguistic style”

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Rawlinson, Alison. "Linguistic style in Dorothy Richardson's Pilgrimage". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23163.

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Dorothy Richardson's Pilgrimage is increasingly being recognized as a significant work of fiction - historically, thematically and technically. Its subject matter (the life of a woman), the perspective (focalization through a female consciousness), and the frequent direct and free indirect representation of thought, all mean that Pilgrimage is a text often referred to as steam of consciousness writing or feminine writing. However, despite frequent allusions to the form of Pilgrimage, there has so far been no detailed analysis of the language of the text. In this thesis many aspects of linguistic form that have previously gone unconsidered, or been ill-defined or mis-interpreted in criticism of Pilgrimage, are discussed in terms of their functions and effects, in developing an argument about the importance of linguistic form in Pilgrimage. A variety of linguistic approaches demonstrate various ways in which the text of Pilgrimage is innovative and highly complex. This thesis explores in detail, and with extensive reference to the text, three central factors in the language of Pilgrimage - narrative structure, metaphor, and rhythm. Through textual analysis, the thesis demonstrates that the narrative is not simply a stream of the undiluted thoughts of Miriam Henderson, the protagonist, but a highly complex narrated, indirect and direct representation of Miriam's consciousness. The perspective of the narrative fluctuates as the relationship between Miriam and the narrator varies with alternating pronominal representation of Miriam (in the first- second- and third-person) and as Miriam matures and becomes less distanced from the narrator. Meanings are expressed metaphorically as Miriam's perspective cannot be recorded without radical linguistic innovation. Analysis of the processes of metaphor and metonymy reveals how Miriam's perspective is continually present (although there can be other points of view as well).

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Lucchesi, Emilia. "A Linguistic Hybrid? : a study of male linguistic features in female conversation". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för utbildning och ekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-9707.

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This study investigates four women’s use of typically male linguistic features in casual same-sex conversation. The aim of the study is to see whether and how this group of women use the linguistic features; swearing, interrupting, disagreeing and ignoring, questions and monologues (‘playing the expert’) which are all more common in male conversation and often part of a competitive communication style. I will also attempt to answer if these women’s linguistic behavior is typically female or male. The four women were tape recorded during a planned conversation in a casual setting and the recording was transcribed. The transcription was analyzed by using definitions of the linguistic features above made by, for example, Jennifer Coates (2004). The results show that these four women were neither typically female nor male, but a mix of the two; a hybrid.

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Wajsberg, Jeffrey. "Jane Austen's free indirect style : a linguistic ethnography". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/40337.

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This study assesses the relationship between the diffusion of free indirect discourse and the decline of the British epistolary novel in the late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth centuries. Studying the works of a single stylist, Jane Austen, and her engagement with the mobility of the letter genre at the turn of the century, it synthesizes literary-historical, linguistic, and narratological perspectives on discourse representation in order to evaluate claims that Austen was the “pioneer” of this free indirect style, and to comment on how her simultaneous shift in genre from the first-person epistolary mode to third-person classical realism informs that style’s development.

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Gillen, Aisling. "What creates quality in children's literature? : a linguistic perspective". Thesis, University of Ulster, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342388.

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Blankenship, Kevin L. "Linguistic power and persuasion : an analysis of various language style components". Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1221304.

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This study examined the effect of tag questions, hesitations, and hedges on participants' attitudes toward an advocacy, perceptions of the speaker, message, and cognitive responses regarding the message. Results from 351 participants showed that although linguistic power markers affected attitudes when participants were motivated to process the message, the markers did so through different processes. The use of hesitations in an advocacy affected influenced attitudes by affecting participants' perceptions of the speaker, whereas the use of hedges influenced attitudes by affecting participants' perceptions of the message. The use of tag questions in a message influenced attitudes, but this study failed to find the mechanism this effect. The overall finding suggest a more complex relation among linguistic power components and aspects of a persuasive appeal than once thought and researchers should consider the different aspects underlying the effects of linguistic power components on persuasion.
Department of Psychological Science

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Radojkovich, Leanne. "The literary benefits of linguistic and cultural hybridity". AUT University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/868.

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The objective of this exegesis is to show how linguistic and cultural hybridity create a unique prose style, and how my stories sit within that style. I will use Grace Paley and Lucia Berlin to demonstrate the distinctive narrative techniques. These include the use of sensuous details (instead of descriptions) to make place and character palpable; dialogue that convincingly evokes living speech; plots which emanate from the characters, rather than the other way round; and open-ended resolutions, as in real life. I will then show how I use these narrative techniques in my collection Happiness and other stories.

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Robar, Elizabeth Johanna. "The verb and the paragraph in Biblical Hebrew : a cognitive linguistic approach". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607940.

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Westbury, Joshua R. "Left dislocation in biblical Hebrew : a cognitive linguistic account". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95852.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The present work consists of an investigation into the form and function(s) of the so-called 'Left Dislocation' construction in Biblical Hebrew. As such, this inquiry is part of a larger domain of research that explores the nature and function of word order variation in Biblical Hebrew. As a result of a pilot study conducted by the present author in 2010, as well as recent advances within the feilds of cognitive linguistics, psycholinguistics, and discoursepragmatics— particularly with its sub-discipline known as information structure—a fresh examination of Left Dislocation in Biblical Hebrew is called for. Drawing on research from the aforementioned feilds of study, we propose a cognitive-functional theoretical model that provides a framework for a more comprehensive explanation of Left Dislocation in Biblical Hebrew. Furthermore, this work situates Left Dislocation in Biblical Hebrew against a broader profile of Left Dislocation across langauges. This is accomplished by examining the findings of a range of cross-linguistic studies—with respect to a variety of related and unrelated languages—that are concerned with both the syntactico-semantic and discourse-functional attributes of Left Dislocation. Typological generalizations drawn from these studies are then applied to the identification, classification, and explanation of a data set comprised of over 650 tokens taken from Genesis to 2 Kings. The result of this analysis is twofold. First, a thorough description is provided in terms of the external (i.e. global) and internal syntactico-semantic attributes of tokens comprising the data set. Consistent with typological findings, the data set reflects a taxonomic network of constructional schemas that are classified according to an exemplar model of conceptual categorization. Second, utilizing a cognitive-theoretical model, as well as insights garnered from crosslinguistic studies, the aforementioned syntactico-semantic description is explained in terms of the cognitive-pragmatic motivation for the use of Left Dislocation in BH narrative discourse, as well as the prototypical and non-prototypical discourse function(s) accomplished by the construction therein. Lastly, a developmental framework is proposed that accounts for the form-function variation exhibited by the tokens in our data set. This framework consists of broader developmental processes involving usage-based patterns of language change, as well as a 'panchronic' view of grammar, where synchrony and diachrony are viewed as an integrated whole, and where grammars are always emergent and never completely established.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie werk verteenwoordig 'n ondersoek na die vorm en funksie(s) van die sogenaamde linksverskuiwingkonstruksie in Bybelse Hebreeus. Dit vorm deel van 'n groter navorsingsinisiatief wat gemoeid is met die ondersoek na die aard en funksie van woordorde-variasies in Bybelse Hebreeus. In die lig van 'n loodsstudie wat in 2010 deur die outeur gedoen is, asook die vooruitgang wat gemaak is op die gebiede van kognitiewe taalkunde, psigolinguistiek en tekspragmatiek—veral in die subdissipline, informasiestruktuur—is ‘n herbesinnig oor linksverskuiwingkonstruksies Bybelse Hebreeus nodig. Gebaseer op die voorafgenoemde studievelde word 'n kognitief-funksionele teoretiese model voorgestel wat as raamwerk sal dien vir 'n meer omvattende verduideliking van linksverskuiwingkonstruksies in Bybelse Hebreeus. Hierdie ondersoek oor linksverskuiwing in Bybelse Hebreeus word gedoen teen die agtergrond van die profiel van linksverskuiwing oor tale heen. Dit word vermag deur die bevindings van 'n wye reeks taalkundige studies—op verskeie verwante en onverwante tale— wat gemoeid is met beide die sintakties-semanties en diskoersfunksionele eienskappe van linksverskuiwing, te ondersoek. Uit die ondersoek word tipologiese veralgemenings verkry wat dan gebruik word vir die identifisering, klassifikasie en verduideliking van 'n stel data wat bestaan uit 650 voorbeelde wat verkry is uit Genesis tot 2 Konings. Die resultate van hierdie analise is tweeledig. Eerstens word 'n uitvoerige beskrywing, in terme van die eksterne (of globale) en interne sintakties-semantiese eienskappe van die voorbeelde binne die datastel, verskaf. Die datastel reflekteer, aan die hand van taaltipologiese bevindinge, 'n taksonomiese netwerk van konstruksieskemas wat geklassifiseer is volgens 'n eksemplaarmodel van konsepsionele kategorisering. Tweedens, deur gebruik te maak van 'n kognitief-teoretiese model, tesame met insigte verkry deur studies oor tale heen, word die voorafgenoemde sintakties-semantiese beskrywing verduidelik in terme van die kognitief-pragmatiese motivering vir die gebruik van linksverskuiwing in Bybels-Hebreeuse narratiewe diskoers. Ook die prototipiese en nieprototipiese diskoersfunksie(s) van die konstruksie kom aan die bod. Laastens word 'n raamwerk voorgestel om die vorm-funksies variasies van die voorbeelde in die datastel as ontwikkelingsstadia te verklaar. Die raamwerk berus op ontwikkelingsprosesse wat tipies in gebruiksgebaseerde modelle van taalvariasie-tendense onderskei word. Verder gaan dit ook uit van 'n pankroniese siening van grammatika waarin diakronie en sinkronie as 'n geïntegreerde geheel gesien word en die grammatika van taal as 'n dinamiese entiteit beskou word. Dit stabliseer nooit volledig nie.

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Chung, Kai Li. "The dark triad : examining judgement accuracy, the role of vulnerability, and linguistic style in interpersonal perception". Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2017. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/1031400.

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The Dark Triad constructs – Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism – are typically associated with socially aversive behaviours, including insensitivity and exploitation. Despite this, individuals high in Dark Triad traits can be successful and popular outside of clinical and forensic contexts. Research suggests that individuals susceptible to exploitation possess traits signalling vulnerability, and Dark Triad individuals are adept at identifying these when choosing victims. Language is also known to reveal traces of Dark Triad characteristics. This project examined patterns of interpersonal perception among Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism, with the aim to highlight similarities and differences across the three traits. Three studies explored these traits and the ways they manifest in social contexts. Study 1 investigated the extent to which perceptions of individuals high in Dark Triad traits accurately correspond to personality, emotional attributes, and vulnerability within their targets for manipulation. The cues they use for their judgements were considered. Participants who completed Dark Triad measures watched four video clips of dyadic interactions. Results indicated that Dark Triad individuals demonstrated a negative–other bias, whereby they generally perceived all targets as being vulnerable. Study 2 examined the characteristics of individuals who seemingly condone and abet Dark Triad individuals. Results showed that predictors of vulnerability included low extraversion, low conscientiousness, high neuroticism, and high agreeableness. The vignette method was used to elicit perceptions towards Dark Triad behaviours. Response styles on Likert-type statements and open-ended questions between high and low vulnerability groups differed significantly; the less vulnerable were more derogatory whereas the more vulnerable were less harsh. Study 3 qualitatively assessed language as a marker of Dark Triad traits using text analysis. Case studies of individuals high on the Dark Triad scales revealed that their linguistic patterns were consistent with their respective theoretical conceptions. This mixed methods research established that the Dark Triad traits do not uniformly entail the same behavioural outcomes. It also highlighted the importance of the interactive context between the destructive and the susceptible, through which researchers can devise strategies to help organisations better manage such individuals.

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Rundquist, Eric. "Free indirect style in three modernist narratives : the representation of non-linguistic consciousness and the role of the narrator". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.716479.

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This thesis develops a theory of free indirect style (FIS) in the context of consciousness presentation in narrative fiction and applies this theory to stylistic analyses of passages from three modernist novels: Virginia Woolf's To the Lighthouse, D.H. Lawrence's The Rainbow and James Joyce's Ulyssses. A central premise is that FIS is not merely a discourse presentation technique: it also applies to non-linguistic aspects of characters' consciousness, which it enables authors to mimetically represent with language. Because FIS and other consciousness presentation techniques are not limited to discourse, they can be accommodated within a paradigm of consciousness presentation categories that extends beyond the traditional discourse category approach. I propose a linguistic characterisation of FIS based on the unsubordinated expression of third-person subjectivity, which allows it to be treated as a broad category in terms of both its linguistic dimensions and its potential application. The theoretical framework and the analyses in this thesis also consider the potential involvement of a narrator in FIS, and they demonstrate how linguistic features can either implicate or obfuscate such a persona as a subjective voice behind the discourse. The stylistic analyses explore diverse linguistic strategies that serve to conceptualise consciousness and express subjectivity; and they establish links between linguistic features within FIS discourse and narratological and literary critical understandings of the texts, especially in relation to the generic expectations for modernist fiction. This thesis also takes issue with ideas from cognitive narratology that have diminished the importance of FIS and other stylistic categories for the analysis of fictional minds. It aims to justify, expand and improve a stylistic approach to literary interpretation that is concerned with the relationship between language and fictional consciousness.

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Yoo, Chang-Keol. "A cognitive linguistic description of purpose and result connectives in biblical Hebrew". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80086.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study represents an investigation of a set of BH connectives (רוּבֲעַבּ, ןַעַמְל, and ןֶפּ) as well as other grammatical constructions relevant to the lexical items. This investigation seeks to establish the datatypes which are relevant for distinguishing the meanings and/or senses that the BH connectives רוּבֲעַבּ, ןַעַמְל, and ןֶפּ may display. A literature overview of BH linguistics and existing BH lexica demonstrate that although current resources provide some useful information, there still lacks an adequate framework for describing the lexical items. On the one hand, linguistic descriptions of the connectives in BH linguistics fail to define the word class(es) and scope of the target lexemes, as well as the relations they indicate. None of the studies have structurally described the paradigmatic relation between the different types of purpose constructions. On the other hand, BH lexica show a variety of data types that are assumed to contribute towards both defining and distinguishing the meanings/senses of the lexical items we are concerned with; however, this information only partly helps in this endeavor. To describe more adequately the meaning and polysemic relationships of the lexemes, we relied on cognitive semantics (e.g., conceptual view of meaning, prototype theory, and semantic potential). We were also concerned with purpose/result constructions across languages in order to establish criteria for describing purpose constructions. On the basis of these investigations, we established a model for a semantic description of the target lexemes in addition to some criteria for distinguishing between purpose, result, cause, and reason constructions so that the different relations the target lexemes indicate might be identified. We also established some typological parameters of purpose constructions – such as verbal forms in the matrix, participant encoding, and the positioning patterns of purpose clauses. The value and validity of these criteria were then tested in an empirical investigation. The investigation established that ןַעַמְל, רוּבֲעַבּ, and ןֶפּ have a semantic potential that prompts the conceptualization of multiple relationships (e.g., ןַעַמְל: purpose, result, and reason) with varying scopes, among different levels. We were able to distinguish between the different relationships that the lexemes ןַעַמְל, רוּבֲעַבּ, and ןֶפּ display by relying on the notions of purpose, result, cause, and reason, as defined in cognitive linguistic circles. We also identified the prototypical and less prototypical meanings of the lexemes. This study establishes the value of the model employed, but also reveals that our theoretical model has some limitations.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie verteenwoordig ‘n ondersoek van ‘n stel Bybels-Hebreeuse verbindingswoorde (רוּבֲעַבּ, ןַעַמְל en ןֶפּ) sowel as die grammatikale konstruksies wat relevant is vir die beter verstaan van hierdie leksikale items. Hierdie ondersoek poog in besonder om datatipes vas te stel wat ter sake is vir betekenisonderskeidings wat רוּבֲעַבּ, ןַעַמְל en ןֶפּ vertoon. 'n Literatuur-oorsig van bestaande Bybels-Hebreeuse bronne (bv. grammatikas en lexika) demonstreer dat, alhoewel hierdie bronne nuttige inligting verskaf, hulle nie ‘n toereikende raamwerk bied vir ‘n noukeurige beskrywing van die leksikale items nie. Die grammatikale studies, aan die een kant, versuim om die items se woordklas(se) te definieer. Weinig aandag word ook gewy aan die reikwydte en/of ter sake sintagmaties en paradigmatiese verbande van die ter sake konstruksies. Die leksika, aan die ander kant, wys wel op 'n verskeidenheid van datatipes wat veronderstel is om by te dra tot beide die definisies en betekenisonderskeidings. Hierdie inligting is egter dikwels nie genoegsaam nie. Om ‘n meer toereikende beskrywing van hulle betekenis te maak, asook om die polisemiese struktuur van die lekseme te bepaal, het ons gebruik gemaak van insigte van die kognitiewe semantiek (bv. prototipe-teorie, en die konsep ‘semantiese potensiaal’). Ons het ook doelkonstruksies in ander tale bestudeer. Kriteria is geïdentifiseer om te onderskei tussen konstruksies waarin doel, gevolg, oorsaak en rede gerealiseer word. Ons het ‘n paar taaltipologiese parameters van doelkonstruksies vasgestel, bv. die werkswoordsvorm wat in die matriks gebruik word, die manier waarop deelnemers gekodeer word, en die posisie van die doelkonstruksie tov die matriks. Die waarde en geldigheid van hierdie kriteria is daarna in ‘n empiriese ondersoek getoets. In hierdie studie is vasgetel dat ןַעַמְל, רוּבֲעַבּ en ןֶפּ ‘n semantiese potensiaal het wat die konseptualisering van veelvoudige verhoudings aktiveer (bv. ןַעַמְל: doel, gevolg, en die rede), wat beide op verskillende vlakke mag wees asook met verskillende reikwydtes. Ons het ook die prototipiese en minder prototipiese betekenis van die lekseme geïdentifiseer. Hierdie studie illustreer die waarde van die werksmodel wat gebruik, maar het ook aangetoon dat die model enkele leemtes het.

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Megahan, Michael Larry. "Some lexemes associated with the concept of JOY in Biblical Hebrew : a cognitive linguistic investigation". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86427.

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Thesis(PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2012
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Theories of lexical semantics have undergone an evolutionary development for centuries. Geeraerts (2010) has traced their development from the historical-philological era (circa 1880) until the early 21st century. The current situation finds two basic approaches to lexical studies, with scholars positioned on a continuum from a minimalist position to a maximalist position. The former makes a demarcation between linguistics and pragmatics, relegating word meaning to pragmatics and a separation of word knowledge from world knowledge. The latter argues that there can be no separation made between lexical meaning and contextual meaning (word knowledge and world knowledge). The study is based on insights from the maximalist perspective. Second, it proposes that it is necessary to approach semantical studies with a composite approach taking into consideration frames, conceptual metaphor and metonymy, prototype, Idealized Cognitive Models, grammar and figurative uses of language (including non-verbal expressions and symbolic gestures) in order to have a full understanding of the concept a word or expression symbolizes. Third, all of the occurrences of a word or expression that appear in a corpus are analyzed in order to determine a possible range of polysemy as it is expressed in actual language usage. Finally, the context of the research is Bible Translation. One question asked in the investigation is, what information gleaned from the composite model can be appropriately presented in a specialist bilingual lexicon based on a frame model? The results of the research using the eclectic model provided a very broad understanding of some of the lexemes associated with JOY in biblical Hebrew. It was determined that these lexemes were associated with a concept of JOY that was very similar to the five-stage EVENT STRUCTURE metaphor proposed by Kövecses (2010) for emotions in English. Second, the investigation was able to verify the core features of JOY—volition, desire, determination and satisfaction—and to indicate how different construal operations activated specific features of the meaning potential in each linguistic frame. Third, the differences and similarities of each of the specific lexemes that were studied were determined and described. Fourth, it was demonstrated how the appropriate information needed by translators could be described and suggested for entry into a bilingual (biblical Hebrew-English) lexicon designed specifically for Bible Translators.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Teoriee van leksikale semantiek het deur die eeue ‘n evolusionere proses deurloop. Geeraerts (2010) het hierdie ontwikkeling vanaf die histories-filologiese era (ongeveer 1880) tot vroeg in die 21ste eeu nagespoor. Huidiglik kan leksikale studies in twee kampe verdeel word, en geleerdes bevind hulle tipies op ‘n kontinuum tussen ‘n minimalistiese en maksimalisties posisie. Eersgenoemde maak ‘n duidelike onderskeid tussen linguistiek en pragmatiek en religeer woordbetekenis tot pragmatiek en onderskei kennis van ‘n woord van kennis van die wereld. Laasgenoemde argumenteer dat daar geen onderskeid gemaak kan word tussen leksikale betekenis en kontekstuele betekenis nie (woordkennis en kennis van die wêreld). Hierdie studie berus op insigte van die maksimalistiese perspektief. Tweedens, dit stel voor dat dit nodig is om semantiese studies te benader met ‘n meervoudig saamgestelde benadering. So ‘n benadering neem in ag die raamwerk (“frame”), konseptuele metafoor en metonomie, prototipe, “Idealized Cognitive Models”, grammatika en figuurlike gebruike van taal (insluitend nie-verbale uitdrukkings en simboliese gebare) sodat by ‘n deeglike verstaan van die konsep wat ‘n woord of uitdrukking simboliseer, gekom kan word. Derdens, al die gebruike van ‘n woord of uitdrukking wat in ‘n korpus voorkom, word ontleed om te bepaal of ‘n polisemiese verband gepostuleer kan word tussen die uitdrukkings soos dit gebruik word. Ten slotte, die konteks van hierdie studie is Bybelvertaling. Een vraag wat konsekwent in die ondersoek gevra is, is welke informasie wat verkry is deur die meervoudig saamgestelde benadering kan op ‘n gepaste manier aangebied word in ‘n tweetalige leksikon wat rus op ‘n raamwerkmodel (“frame model”). Die resultate van die navorsing waarin die eklektiese model gebruik is, het tot ’n bree verstaan van die konseptualisering van VREUGDE in Bybelse Hebreeus gelei. Daar is vasgestel dat die emosie VREUGDE in Bybelse Hebreeus ooreenstem met die vyf-fase GEBEURTENIS-STRUKTUUR metafoor wat deur Kovecses (2010) voorgestel is vir emosies in Engels. Tweedens, die ondersoek was in staat om die kern-eienskappe van vreugde te verifieer—wil, begeerte, determinasie and satisfaksie—asook om aan te dui hoe verskillende konstruerende (“construal”) operasies aspekte van die betekenispotensiaal in spesifieke raamwerke aktiveer. Derdens, die verskille en die ooreenkomste van elke spesifieke lekseem wat na vreugde verwys, is vasgestel en beskryf. Vierdens is daar gedemonstreer hoe inligting wat ter sake is vir vertalers, beskryf kan word.

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13

Boyd, Zac. "Cross-linguistic variation of /s/ as an index of non-normative sexual orientation and masculinity in French and German men". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33201.

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This thesis examines phonetic variation of /s/ in bilingual French and German gay and straight men. Previous studies have shown sibilant variation, specifically the voiceless sibilant /s/, to correlate with constructions of gay identity and 'gay sounding voices' in both production and perception. While most of this work concerns English, researchers have also explored /s/ variation and sexual orientation or non-normative masculinity in Afrikaans, Danish, Hungarian, and Spanish. Importantly, with the exception of only a small number of studies, this body of work has largely left the realm of /s/ variation and sexual orientation in bilingual speakers unexplored, and furthermore there is very little work which examines these voices in the context of French and German. The analyses show that some gay French and German men produce /s/ with a higher centre of gravity (CoG) and more negative skew than the straight speakers of the study, a result which dovetails with previous studies in languages such as English. Unlike English however, French and German listeners do not appear to associate /s/ variation with sexual orientation or (non)normative masculinities. I argue that the gay speakers who produce /s/ with a higher CoG than the other speakers of the study are doing so as a way to distance themselves from hegemonic masculinity. This thesis is structured into three stand-alone journal articles bookended with introductory and conclusion chapters which tie them together in the broader picture of /s/ variation and French/German speakers and listeners. The first of the three articles expands upon the previously established linguistic framework of indexing gayness by exploring /s/ variation in native and non-native speech, examining how the linguistic construction of gay identity interacts between their English production and the constraints of their native language. The data draws on read speech of 19 gay and straight French and German men across their L1 and L2 English to explore the social meaning of /s/. Results show that some gay speakers produce /s/ with a higher centre of gravity (CoG) and more negative skew than the straight speakers. These results are consistent with previous findings, which show sibilant variation to index sexual orientation in monolingual gay men's speech, and provide evidence of this feature correlating with sexual orientation in French and German. Furthermore, the results presented here call for a greater level of inquiry into how the gay speakers who employ this feature construct their gay identities beyond a purely gay/straight dichotomy. The second study reports the results of a cross-linguistic matched guise test examining the role of /s/ variation and pitch in judgements of sexual orientation and non-normative masculinity in English, French, and German listeners. Listeners responded to manipulations of /s/ and pitch in their native language and all other stimuli languages (English, French, German, and Estonian). All listener groups rate higher pitch stimuli as more gay and more effeminate sounding than lower pitch guises. However, only the English listeners hear [s+] guises as sounding more gay and more effeminate than the [s] or [s-] guises. This effect is seen not only in their native language, but across all stimuli languages. French and German listeners, despite previous evidence showing /s/ to vary according to sexual orientation in men's speech, do not hear [s+] guises as more gay or more effeminate in any of the stimuli languages including their native French or German. The final of the three articles takes the findings of the first two papers and attempts to reconcile the production/perception mismatch seen when comparing the results of the first two papers. The first article in this thesis revealed two groups of speakers which form the basis for analysis for this paper. The first group is a heterogeneous group of gay and straight speakers whose average /s/ productions are below 7,000 Hz ([s] speakers) and the second is a homogeneous group of gay speakers producing average /s/ CoG above 7,000 Hz ([s+] speakers). The analysis shows style shifting across task type with both groups of speakers producing higher /s/ CoG productions in L1 read speech contexts than any of the L2 speech contexts. Style shifting across conversation topic reveals that the [s+] speakers are producing higher /s/ CoG when discussing their coming out stories and topics of LGBT involvement. I argue that these [s+] speakers are employing these higher frequency /s/ variants to construct a very specific and identifiable gay persona, that of a counter-hegemonic effeminate gay man. This thesis is among the first to examine phonetic qualities of gay bilingual speakers and the ways in which they may index their sexual orientation. The inclusion of bilingual French and German speakers adds to our growing knowledge of ways in which these individuals navigate and construct their identities within both their L1 and, specifically, within an L2. In this regard, this thesis contributes to the growing body of knowledge concerning socioindexicality in L2 production more generally. This work thus speaks to these gaps within the sociolinguistic literature and provides strong evidence that /s/ variation is a valuable resource for some French and German men in the construction of a certain type of gay identity.

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Carlstedt, Anna. "La poésie oraculaire de Nostradamus : Langue, style et genre des Centuries". Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Department of French, Italian and Classical Languages, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-719.

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This dissertation is a study of the work of Michel de Nostredame (Nostradamus). Born in Provence, France in 1503, this true "Renaissance man” (astrologer, doctor of medicine and translator) achieved fame with the publication of his Centuries or “Prophecies”. This work presents 10 centuries of quatrains – almost a thousand short poems of only four rhymed lines each. The first third was published in 1555, another third in 1557 and finally the ten Centuries all together, posthumously, in 1568. The present study concentrates on the first edition, consisting of the first 353 quatrains.

The main purpose of this thesis is to explore and analyse the language, the style and the genre of the Centuries, aspects rather neglected by the critics hitherto. The large number of quatrains analysed in detail provides a solid basis for accurately characterizing the distinctive features of the text. The methods applied are mainly quantitative and comparative.

Initially, a short presentation of Nostradamus’ life and work sketches in the background for the creation of the Centuries. The analysis of the poetic form illustrates the stylistic as well as linguistic consequences of the use of the quatrain: it is argued that the poetical structure of the text influences its language as well as its oracular genre. The language of the Centuries is quantitatively examined, first at the sentence level and then at the phrase level. In order to define its specific nature, comparisons are made with the language of other texts from the same period, i.e. the Délie by Maurice Scève and the Pantagrueline Pronostication by François Rabelais. The results demonstrate that the most prominent differences concern what may be referred to as Nostradamus’ strategy of omission, where the restrictive metrical form of the quatrain demands that he be sparing of words.

Thereafter, the dissertation concludes that the number of textual themes and motives of the Centuries is quite limited (war, catastrophe, government), the prodigy being identified as the general poetic topic that contributes to the coherence of the text. A subsequent section thoroughly investigates stylistic elements such as enumeration, repetition and onomastics. The objective of the final section is to define the genre of the Centuries. The close connection between the concepts of poetry and prophecy during the French Renaissance is well documented. It is thus suggested that the enigmatic, dark oeuvre of Nostradamus inspired several of the Pléiade poets, whose group that in many ways explored the oracular genre in the 1550s and 1560s. It is furthermore demonstrated that the concept of oracular poetry is appropriate for defining the style and the genre of the Centuries.

Together, the different results of our survey lead to a discussion of the poetic qualities of the Centuries. The present study promotes the conclusion that Nostradamus is to be considered much less a prophet than an author of oracular poetry.

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Lindblad, Inga-Britt. "Lokalradiospråk : en studie av tre lokalradiostationers sändningar". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Humanistiska fakulteten, 1985. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-82892.

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This dissertation presents studies of a socially highly relevant text category, local radio broadcasts. The language of news programmes in particular from three local radio stations - Radio Gotland, Radio Västerbotten and Radio Östergötland - has been studied in the light of the intentions behind the introduction of local radio, and the ambitions expressed by the radio people involved. Different factors for analysis and description of local radio language are presented and used in an empirical study of broadcasts from the three stations. Both regional and national variations and differences are taken into consideration. Language and context are analyzed on separate levels: complete news texts, sentences and clauses, words and phonemes. The methods vary from a pragmatic text-typology analysis to a syntactic study based on modern spoken language research. Particular consideration is given to the aspect of local radio language that establishes contact with listeners - greetings, forms of address, and studio talk between items. A receiver-oriented perspective is used to interpret the results - the concept communicative distance, that is to say the distance between the listener and the medium that she/he feels there is on the basis of the language used in the programmes. A demonstrable pattern has been found in the relations between extra- and intra-linguistic factors and what in this study is termed the communicative distance. Compared with that of national radio, the commuicative distance of local radio language tends to be somewhat less. Of the three local radio stations Radio Gotland tends to have the least and Radio Västerbotten the greatest. The book concludes with three perspectives on further research.
digitalisering@umu

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Lundmark, Aili. "Föränderligt och beständigt : En studie av Elsa Beskows berättarspråk". Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för nordiska språk, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-252908.

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This thesis is a study of the narrative language of Elsa Beskow, Sweden's most famous children's writer of the early twentieth century. The overall aim of the thesis is to contribute to the understanding of why Beskow's stories are still among the most popular children's books in Sweden, more than a hundred years after her literary debut. My investigation is a quantitative study of word-class distribution, various syntactic features, and readability in four picture-books and four other stories. To begin with, Beskow's language is compared to that of other texts written for young readers, including children's fiction, a contemporary reading-book, and popular comic strips. The results indicate that Beskow has something in common with all of these materials, especially with children's fiction. However, she also has her own style, which is different from the children's fiction I compare with. For example, her sentences are comparatively long and often begin with a conjunction. Moreover, Beskow uses many address phrases and interjectional phrases, and the initial clause-constituent is often some other clause element than the subject. Additionally, Beskow's narrative language is compared to conversational language and to formal prose. The results show that Beskow moves along the whole scale, from conversation to formal writing, depending on what aspect of her language use is considered. In some cases, her style even falls outside of the scale. For example, placing the subject in initial position is less common in Beskow's writing than in both conversation and formal writing. Finally, the variation between Beskow's texts is examined. The analysis shows, among other things, that the oral influences on Beskow's style increased during the five decades she wrote stories.

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Роєнко, Л. В. "Особливості створення мовного образу персонажу в англомовному художньому тексті". Thesis, Університет Григорія Сковороди в Переяславі, 2021. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/18766.

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У статті досліджується поняття "мовної особистості", його характерні особливості та складові елементи. Проаналізовано лексичні та граматичні засоби побудови мовних образів головних персонажів в англомовному художньому творі "Rose of Ruby Street" автора К. Ріверс.
The main aspects and constituent elements of the concept "linguistic personality" have been studied in the article. The study analyses the lexical and grammatical means of the main characters’ linguistic personalities formation in the English fiction text "Rose of Ruby Street", written by C. Rivers.

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Hurst, Ellen. "Style, structure and function in Cape Town Tsotsitaal". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10934.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 214-223).
The thesis applies a social constructionist framework and Foucauldian Discourse Analysis to demonstrate that while Tsotsitaal was perceived by many respondents as a language of gangsters and criminals, evidence suggests that it is actually part of an ongoing identity construction for young, black, primarily male urban township residents in South Africa, which is performed through a subcultural style. By applying Myers-Scotton's Matrix Language Frame model to questionnaire and interview data collected in two Cape Town townships, Gugulethu and Khayelitsha, the thesis identifies the syntactic framework of Cape Town Tsotsitaal as Xhosa.

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Korda, Diamantoula. "The translation of style and the style of translation : Cavafy's poetry in English and the translation of his poetics". Thesis, Lancaster University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359873.

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Kailoglou, Eleftherios. "Style and sociolinguistic variation in Athens". Thesis, University of Essex, 2010. http://eprints.worc.ac.uk/1956/.

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Selting, Margret. "Speech style in conservation as an interactive achievement". Universität Potsdam, 1989. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4318/.

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Content: 1. Introduction 2. The notion of speech style: from a dependent variable to contextualization cue 3. Speech styles in conversation from a German Sozialamt 3.1 Extracts from conversation 3.2 Speech style constituting cues 3.3 Choice and alternation of speech styles in conversation 4. Summary and conclusions

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Barney, Thomas Henry. "Style in performance : the prosody of poetic recitation". Thesis, Lancaster University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264682.

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Alsuweed, Muhammad. "Accessing Dickens's style as an EFL learner : a corpus stylistic approach to lexical style". Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2015. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/31480/.

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This study is based on a corpus of the Charles Dickens Complete Works (the DCC), which was constructed to fulfil the aims of this research. The DCC was compiled to represent The Works of Charles Dickens in the National Edition (a set of 40 volumes, including the life of Dickens in the last two volumes, which consists of 6,202,886 tokens in total). This compilation, as the DCC, represents the first complete corpus of Dickens’s works. Employing the corpus stylistic approach was as an underpinning concept, and formed the methodology that has guided the research. The lens of focus is placed on Dickens’s lexicon, in respect to both the lexemes and their relative frequency, alongside the choices of lexis to be found in the context. The rationale for this thesis and value of its aims is primarily the facilitation of non-native English learners’ access to these works, through provision of an enhanced aesthetic appreciation of Dickens’s style with regards to his semantics and lexical choice. Additionally, the methodology aims to enable the acquisition of vocabulary, while providing learners with training in the reading of complex texts. The software tools used in the analysis are the WordSmith Tools 6.0 suite, AntConc 3.4.4w, AntWordProfiler 1.4.0w and the Range programme. The investigation of the DCC was conducted to facilitate Dickens’s works to non-native readers by focusing on the lexicon of his works. The analysis reports, amongst others, the DCC keyword list; the DCC Headword List (with 27,296 headwords); and the DCC Word Family List (approximately 102,753), which contains the family members of each headword in the DCC. These lists represent a valuable resource that can serve to facilitate the teaching of Dickens objectively, and through an evidence-based approach. In essence, the lexical knowledge gained from the DCC is intended to advance the reading and comprehension of Dickens’s works by non-native readers, and then to contribute towards the development of such learners' level of English language proficiency. Therefore, this study builds bridges between corpus stylistics and second language pedagogy. In the analysis of Dickens’s lexical selection, I demonstrate how learners can be assisted to reach the appreciation of Dickens’s style in terms of his lexicon and the semantic level of his works.

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Burton, Rob. "Learning styles and neuro-linguistic programming representational systems in nurse education". Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2009. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/6908/.

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The main aim of this study was to investigate student nurses' learning experiences. The study had two main aims: 1. To investigate the relationship between Learning Styles and Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) representational systems in Pre-Registration Nurse Education. 2. To explore NLP representational systems as a means of enhancing teaching and learning in Preregistration Nurse Education Learning Style theory is well recognised in education, although there are some criticisms related to its validity and reliability. NLP is making a major impact on communications, learning and development in the commercial, health and sports sectors. Cognitive Psychology and the concepts of information processing and learning strategies encompass both learning style theory and NLP and is therefore utilised as a theoretical framework in this study. The study was conducted in two parts: Firstly, a questionnaire was delivered to student nurses to ascertain their learning style and internal representational preferences. From this a correlational approach was established to highlight important relationships. Secondly, some of the students were video interviewed to determine how they structured their learning experiences internally and how this was demonstrated in their body positions. The findings showed that Honey and Mumfords' Theorist learning style was most strongly preferred amongst this sample population. The Visual internal representational system was preferred over the Kinaesthetic and Auditory modalities. The Theorist learning style and Visual modality also showed a positive correlation, as did Activist and the Smell modality. It is recognised that learning style preferences should be used for students to gain awareness of ways to enhance their learning, and that rich, multi-sensory learning environments should also be encouraged. In. the light of the findings in this study it is suggested that the visual modality be utilised, via the use of visual tools and metaphor, and that approaches such as problem based learning (PBL) should be considered in order to benefit students of all learning style preferences.

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Fanselow, Gisbert. "Münchhausen-style head movement and the analysis of verb second". Universität Potsdam, 2004. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3249/.

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Content: 1 Introduction 2 A restrictive theory of head movement 2.1 Preliminary Remarks 2.2 Theoretical Problems of Head Movement 2.3 Remnant Phrasal Movement 2.4 Münchhausen Style Head Movement 3 Verb Second Movement 3.1 Introductory Remarks 3.2 Problems of V/2 constructions: Does V really move to Comp? 3.3 The preverbal position 3.4 The Second Position 4 References

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Begey, Melissa J. "Green style| Discourses of sustainability among fashion industry professionals". Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10196390.

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This thesis addresses the inherent tensions in discourses of sustainable fashion and explores how several individuals in the fashion industry attempt to reconcile these issues. In addition, it looks at the role of discourse in the socialization of ethical perspectives. The study draws on theoretical and methodological perspectives from linguistic and cultural anthropology, sociology, as well as fashion theory to analyze how fashion industry professionals discursively negotiate notions of sustainability and the tensions that emerge between ideals and practices. Data collection for this thesis included semi-structured interviews with fashion professionals in Southern California, along with participant observation within a university-level fashion textile course. Documenting socialization practices and noting the varying discourses of sustainable fashion in use by industry professionals highlight the challenges designers face in bridging eco-sensibilities with design aesthetics, and the complexity of individual agency in being able to participate in the culture of sustainability. The theoretical framework of this thesis demonstrates how linguistic anthropology can contribute to studies of sustainability in fashion design, and, in particular, how language use can be analyzed to better understand the ways in which a new generation can be socialized to new or changing ideas and perspectives.

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Mécemmène, Céline. "Analyse terminologique trilingue du langage des agences de notation financière et analyse de divers aspects de la traduction économique et financière". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2004.

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Notre travail de recherche se base sur deux sujets complémentaires ; une analyse des termes économiques et financiers suivie d’une analyse de la traduction économique et financière. La notation financière est une discipline relativement nouvelle mais très d’actualité, cependant sa terminologie principalement anglo-saxonne, demeure encore équivoque et ambiguë notamment en arabe. Notre objectif dans un premier temps, est de faire découvrir aux profanes les agences de notation financière ainsi que leur terminologie très technique mais en même temps très vivante. Nous proposons ensuite une étude comparative des termes économiques et financiers français avec leurs équivalents arabes et anglais à travers l’analyse de différentes figures de style et procédés linguistiques. Nous abordons dans un second temps la problématique de la traduction économique et financière dans les trois langues ; français, anglais, et arabe. Nous nous sommes appuyées sur une variété de textes extraits de la presse spécialisée et du site du Fonds Monétaire International (FMI). Notre thèse s’attache à présenter les agences de notation financière restant jusqu’ici peu connues par le grand public, vulgariser la terminologie économique et financière avant d’aborder les divers aspects de la traduction de ce domaine ; ses caractéristiques ainsi que ses difficultés
The subject of our thesis is based on the study of two complementary essential points: a presentation of the main rating agencies and a terminology research in the economic and the financial field. We aim firstly to establish clearly the economic and financial concepts and terms in French with their equivalents in English and Arabic. The second point deals with the analysis of the economic and financial translation in the three languages (French-English-Arabic). Our goal is to analyze the characteristics of this specialized field, to compare translation results in the three languages then try to find out and analyze the problems encountered by economic and financial translators. Finance is a very broad field that represents many sub-domains however, terminology research in the financial rating sub-domain has been little developed, we decided then to introduce the financial rating agencies and to study their termionology. The reality is that until today, the economic and financial terminology is not clearly established in the French and Arabic languages which borrow a lot from the English language. We aim then to perform a theoretical and practical research, as we believe that the two approaches are complementary and enrich each other. In fact, terminology and translation are complementary and economic and financial translation requires numerous skills such as linguistic skills, and knowledge of the field of economy and finance

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Biazolli, Caroline Carnielli [UNESP]. "Posição de clíticos pronominais em duas variedades do português: inter-relações de estilo, gênero, modalidade e norma". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144643.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O propósito desta tese é avaliar como a questão de continua – estilístico e fala/escrita – e de gêneros textuais contribui para o entendimento de processos em variação. Para isso, investiga-se o fenômeno variável da posição de clíticos pronominais, observando-se como as variantes previstas – pré-verbal e pós-verbal, no caso de lexias verbais simples, e pré-complexo verbal, intra-complexo verbal, com ênclise ao primeiro verbo ou próclise ao segundo, e pós-complexo verbal – se manifestam em quatro gêneros textuais jornalísticos (entrevista na TV, noticiário de TV, carta do leitor e editorial), produzidos nos primeiros anos do século XXI e marcados por diferenças relacionadas às suas concepções discursivas, aos seus meios de produção e a outras características situacionais. Desenvolve-se um estudo descritivo-comparativo entre o português europeu (PE) e o português brasileiro (PB), fundamentado nos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Teoria da Variação e Mudança Linguísticas (WEINREICH; LABOV; HERZOG, 2006[1968]; LABOV, 1966, 1982, 1994, 2001a, 2003, 2008[1972]) e em conceitos relativos a estilo (LABOV, 1966, 2008[1972]; BELL, 1984, 2001), gêneros textuais (BAKHTIN, 1992[1979]; MARCUSCHI, 2005, 2008, 2010; BIBER; CONRAD, 2009), modalidades de uso da língua (CHAFE, 1982; 1985; BIBER, 1988; MARCUSCHI, 2008, 2010) e normas linguísticas (COSERIU, 1979[1952]; BAGNO, 2003, 2011, 2012; FARACO, 2008, 2011, 2012). Antes de se chegar às análises qualitativas que versam sobre influências externas no fenômeno em foco, detalham-se os possíveis condicionamentos linguísticos favorecedores das formas alternantes de colocação pronominal, valendo-se do tratamento estatístico oferecido pelo programa Goldvarb X (SANKOFF et al., 2005). Os resultados sinalizam que, no PE, a posição dos pronomes clíticos está intimamente relacionada a fatores estruturais, enquanto no PB tal objeto parece também ser sensível à ação de elementos não linguísticos. Desse modo, com base nos registros da variedade brasileira do português, mostra-se a coerência de se unir à observação de motivações linguísticas uma investigação sobre o maior número possível de aspectos vinculados às situações comunicativas. Confirma-se, portanto, que o continuum estilístico, correlacionado aos próprios gêneros e ao continuum fala/escrita, funciona como caminho de difusão de fenômenos em variação. Por último, cumpre destacar que o presente estudo colabora com a profícua discussão, vigente na literatura linguística, acerca da colocação pronominal e, de modo mais amplo, além de auxiliar no aprofundamento teórico relacionado às variações diafásica, diamésica e sociocultural, coopera com a pesquisa sociolinguística desenvolvida em Portugal e no Brasil, acrescentando mais resultados à descrição dessas variedades e da língua portuguesa como um todo.
The aim of this work is to evaluate how the question of continua – stylistic and speech/writing – and how textual genres contribute to the understanding of the variation process. It was investigated the variable phenomenon of the placement of pronominal clitics, observing how the predicted variables – pre-verbal and post-verbal, in the case of simple verbal lexical items, and pre-verbal complex, intra-verbal complex, with enclisis in the first verb or proclisis in the second, and post-verbal complex – are manifested in four journalistic textual genres (TV interview, TV news, readers’ letter and editorial), produced in the first years of the 21st century and marked by differences related to their discursive conceptions, to their means of production and other situational characteristics. It was developed a descriptive-comparative study between the European Portuguese (EP) and the Brazilian Portuguese (BP), founded in the theoretical-methodological assumptions of the Theory of Variation and Linguistic Change (WEINREICH; LABOV; HERZOG, 2006[1968]; LABOV, 1966, 1982, 1994, 2001a, 2003, 2008[1972]) and in concepts related to style (LABOV, 1966, 2008[1972]; BELL, 1984, 2001), textual genres (BAKHTIN, 1992[1979]; MARCUSCHI, 2005, 2008, 2010; BIBER; CONRAD, 2009), modalities of language use (CHAFE, 1982; 1985; BIBER, 1988; MARCUSCHI, 2008, 2010) and linguistic norms (COSERIU, 1979[1952]; BAGNO, 2003, 2011, 2012; FARACO, 2008, 2011, 2012). Before the qualitative analysis about the external influences in this phenomenon, it was detailed the possible linguistic conditioning which favour the alternating forms of pronominal collocation using the statistic treatment offered by Goldvarb X (SANKOFF et al., 2005). The results show that in EP, the placement of pronominal clitics is intimately related to structural factors, while in BP, it also seems to be sensitive to the action of non-linguistic elements. In this way, according to the data of Brazilian Portuguese, it is observed the consistency to join the observation of linguistic motivations and the investigation about the highest number of aspects bounded to communicative situations. It is validated, thus, that the stylistic continuum, correlated to the genres and to the continuum speech/writing, works as a way of diffusion of variable phenomena. At last, it is required to highlight that this study collaborates with the fruitful discussion – current in the linguistic literature – about the pronominal collocation and, in a broader way, it also auxiliaries in the further theoretical development related to the diaphasic, diamesic and sociocultural variations, cooperates with the sociolinguistics research developed in Portugal and in Brazil, adding more results to the description of these varieties and to the Portuguese language as a whole.

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Lomba, Juliana Andreassa da. "Um estudo sobre as palavras cantada, falada e declamada e seus efeitos impressivos". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20662.

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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
This research endures the challenge of approaching the faces and interfaces of three styles of oral language. Its objectives are: to investigate the differences and similarities among the sung, spoken and recited styles as stylistic forms of oral language and social expression and to analyze their impressive effects, since the sung, spoken and recited styles have different expressive purposes. To reach the proposed objectives two types of analysis were combined: acoustic and perceptive. The acoustic analysis was used to verify the differences of production among the three styles, while the perceptive analysis, which implied on the application of a semantic differential questionnaire to a group of judges, was used to investigate the impressive impact of the mentioned styles sonorities. By the acoustic analysis it was possible to verify, through the fundamental frequency measures, intensity, duration and spectral decline, the prosodic characteristics of each one of the styles. By the perceptive analysis, the presented results show how each style reaches the listeners in a different way, since the evaluation of the selected descriptors to evaluate them was differential, which evinced different impressive effects. The acoustic and perceptive analysis results were correlated by using statistics tests of multidimensional analysis. The sung, spoken and recited styles prosodies present different aspects, as was shown by the generated values in the script ExpressionEvaluator (BARBOSA, 2009). Therefore, we conclude that the sung, spoken and recited styles cause different impressive effects that activate the organism in different ways and they have the communication as a social role
Esta pesquisa enfrenta o desafio de abordar as faces e as interfaces de três formas de linguagem oral. São seus objetivos: investigar as diferenças e similaridades entre as palavras cantada, falada e declamada como estilos estilísticas de linguagem e de expressão social e analisar seus efeitos impressivos, uma vez que as palavras falada, cantada e declamada têm finalidades expressivas diversas. Para atingir os objetivos propostos foram conjugados dois tipos de análises: acústica e perceptiva. A análise acústica foi utilizada para verificar as diferenças de produção entre os três estilos, enquanto a perceptiva, que implicou na aplicação de um questionário de diferencial semântico a um grupo de juízes, foi utilizada para investigar o impacto impressivo da sonoridade dos estilos mencionados. Pela análise acústica foi possível verificar, por meio de medidas de frequência fundamental, intensidade, duração e declínio espectral, as características prosódicas de cada um dos estilos de palavra. Pela análise perceptiva, os resultados apresentados mostram como cada estilo de palavra atinge de maneira diferente os ouvintes, pois a avaliação dos descritores selecionados para avaliá-los mostrou-se diferenciada, evidenciando efeitos impressivos diversos. Os resultados das análises acústica e perceptiva foram correlacionados por meio de testes estatísticos de análise multidimensional. As prosódias das palavras cantada, falada e declamada apresentam diferenças, como mostrou os valores gerados pelo script ExpressionEvaluator (BARBOSA, 2009). Portanto, concluímos que as palavras cantada, falada e declama causam efeitos impressivos diversos que ativam o organismo de maneira diferenciada e têm como papel social comunicar

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Johnson, Kyle F. "The Development of Two Units for Basic Training and Resources for Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages: "Teaching Styles and Cultural Differences" and "Understanding Students' Learning Styles"". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2860.

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To create a much-needed program for training novice and volunteer English teachers, Dr. Lynn Henrichsen put together a team of interested TESOL graduate students who developed materials and resources for this purpose. Under his supervision and mentorship, each student helped with the development of units for a website and book titled, Basic Training and Resources for Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (BTRTESOL). Recognizing the target audience as novice teachers with little or no training in teaching English as a second language, each graduate student approached the development of each unit for this BTRTESOL program with this in mind. These untrained teachers are filling the gap that exists in areas of the world that are in need of well trained, certified TESOL teachers but lack resources because of poverty and the large quantity of students wanting to learn English. Owing to the great demand for English skills and the lack of trained teachers, there is a great need for the resources that this program and project provide. My part in this program included the design and development of two units, "Teaching Styles and Cultural Differences" and "Understanding Students' Learning Styles." These two units seek to help novice teachers understand teaching styles, learning styles, the role of culture, and the cultural mismatches that may exist between a teacher's style of teaching and a student's style of learning. These training units help novice teachers learn how to identify, teach, and expand students' learning styles in order to help them improve students' learning. Additionally, the units include information directing users to other resources for more information on these topics.

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Jallerat, Britta. "Styles de vie et façons de parler. Étude de quelques formes de discours dans différents milieux socio-culturels en Allemagne contemporaine". Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040201.

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Cette thèse a pour objet de rapprocher la notion de « style » telle qu’elle est employée d’une part en linguistique et de l’autre en sociologie. Elle veut apporter un éclairage sur le rôle que peut jouer le linguiste dans la compréhension des phénomènes sociaux. Pour cela, une enquête par entretiens nous a permis de constituer un corpus étoffé, comportant une grande variété d’exemples, rendant ainsi possible l’analyse de styles sociaux et discursifs dans leur diversité. A cet effet, nous mobilisons la notion de « style », à l’origine réservée à l’écriture, mais qui, aujourd’hui, connaît un usage extensif. Nous distinguons deux acceptions récurrentes, esthétiques et pragmatiques, à partir desquelles nous proposons notre propre définition applicable à des productions langagières orales. Le concept sociologique de « style de vie » constitue un élément central de ce travail. Ce concept définit le style de vie à partir de « libres choix » des individus. Nous interrogeons le rapport entre le discours direct et le « style », envisagé d’un point de vue sociologique (un « vecteur » de style) ou linguistique (un procédé stylistique). Par ailleurs, nous analysons les structures langagières « préformées » ou « préfabriquées » dont l’emploi relève, comme l’utilisation du discours direct, d’un procédé stylistique, car c’est le locuteur qui choisit librement ce mode d’expression. Nous plaidons ainsi pour une meilleure prise en compte des phénomènes langagiers par la sociologie, en particulier celle des styles de vie, le linguiste contribuant aussi à la compréhension de l’Homme en tant que locuteur et acteur social
The objective of this doctoral dissertation is to bring together the different ideas of “style,” as employed in linguistics and sociology. Its intention is to shed light on the role that the linguist can play in understanding social phenomena. To do so, my interview-based investigation constitutes a large and various study, making possible an analysis of diverse social and discursive styles. To this effect, I’ve employed the concept of “style,” originally confined to writing, but which currently has an extensive use. I distinguish two recurrent meanings, the aesthetic and pragmatic, from which I propose my own definition applicable to oral language productions. The sociological concept of “life style” constitutes a central element of this work. This concept defines life style as based on the free choice of individuals. I interrogate the relationship between direct discourse and style envisioned from a sociological point of view (a “vector” of style) or a linguistic perspective (a stylistic process). Moreover, I analyze “preformed” or “prefabricated” language structures whose use is deployed as a direct discourse from a stylistic process, for it is the speaker who can freely choose this mode of expression. This dissertation thus argues for a better understanding of language phenomena through sociology, in particular thatof life styles. The linguist contributes also to human understanding while being a speaker and social actor

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Tao, Joakim, i David Thimrén. "Smoothening of Software documentation : comparing a self-made sequence to sequence model to a pre-trained model GPT-2". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-178186.

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This thesis was done in collaboration with Ericsson AB with the goal of researching the possibility of creating a machine learning model that can transfer the style of a text into another arbitrary style depending on the data used. This had the purpose of making their technical documentation appear to have been written with one cohesive style for a better reading experience. Two approaches to solve this task were tested, the first one was to implement an encoder-decoder model from scratch, and the second was to use the pre-trained GPT-2 model created by a team from OpenAI and fine-tune the model on the specific task. Both of these models were trained on data provided by Ericsson, sentences were extracted from their documentation. To evaluate the models training loss, test sentences, and BLEU scores were used and these were compared to each other and with other state-of-the-art models. The models did not succeed in transforming text into a general technical documentation style but a good understanding of what would need to be improved and adjusted to improve the results were obtained.

This thesis was presented on June 22, 2021, the presentation was done online on Microsoft teams.

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Selting, Margret. "Emphatic speech style : with special focus on the prosodic signalling of heightened emotive involvement in conservation". Universität Potsdam, 1994. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/3793/.

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After a review of previous work on the prosody of emotional involvement, data extracts from natural conversations are analyzed in order to argue for the constitution of an 'emphatic (speech) style', which linguistic devices are used to signal heightened emotive involvement. Participants use prosodic cues, in co-occurrence with syntactic and lexical cues, to contextualize turn-constructional units as 'emphatic'. Only realizations of prosodic categories that are marked in relation to surrounding uses of these categories have the power to contextualize units as displaying 'more-than-normal involvement'. In the appropriate context, and in cooccurrence with syntactic and lexical cues and sequential position, the context-sensitive interpretation of this involvement is 'emphasis'. Prosodic marking is used in addition to various unmarked cues that signal and constitute different activity types in conversation. Emphatic style highlights and reinforms particular conversational activities, and makes certain types of recipient responses locally relevant. In particular, switches from non-emphatic to emphatic style are used to contextualize 'peaks of involvement' or 'climaxes' in story-telling. These are shown in the paper to be 'staged' by speakers and treated by recipients as marked activities calling for displays of alignment with respect to the matter at hand. Signals of emphasis are deployable as techniques for locally organizing demonstrations of shared understanding and participant reciprocity in conversational interaction.

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Selting, Margret. "Levels of style-shifting : exemplified in the interaction strategies of a moderator in a listener participation programme". Universität Potsdam, 1985. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4127/.

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This paper investigates speech styles and style-shifting in the speech of the moderator of a German radio participation programme. Style-shifting is shown to affect several distinct linguistic levels: phonetic, morphophonemic, syntactic, and lexical. The functions of style-shifting are related both to the discourse context and the broader institutional context. Relying on listeners' co-occurrence expectations with respect to language use in contexts and exploiting listeners' evaluations of processes of speech convergence and divergence, the moderator uses stereotypic markers at different style levels in locally strategic functions in discourse. On the one hand, thematic development is controlled by reinforcing obligations on the addressee. On the other hand, global social reciprocity patterns are constituted and secured. Patterns of reciprocity vary with different types of addressees. The conversational analysis of language variation shows that variation is not only a quantitative correlate of regional, social and contextual parameters as predominantly conceived of in sociolinguistics. Language variation is furthermore used as a means to signal social and interactive meaning in conversations.

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Tams, A. C. "Modelling intonation of read aloud speaking styles for speech synthesis". Thesis, University of Essex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269672.

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Tsuruta, Yoko. "Politeness, the Japanese style : an investigation into the use of honorific forms and people's attitudes towards such use". Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/321784.

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The main purpose of the thesis is to explore the characteristics of politeness which are conveyed by the use of Japanese honorific forms (i.e honorific politeness). The perspective of the research is as follows: 1) the concept of politeness is regarded as being wider in scope than in major past studies of linguistic politeness in the West (e.g Leech 1983); 2) unlike many past studies of politeness related to Japanese honorific fonns, the research attempts to study the social effect of the use of an honorific form rather than the grammatical or semantic properties of such forms; 3) the analysis of honorific politeness is based on the findings about the mechanism by which honorific politeness mitigates discomfitlrre, and on the metalinguistic evaluations of honorific forms made by native speakers. Results from a questionnaire, which investigated the types of discomfiture which result from various kinds of inappropriate linguistic behaviom, suggested that the lise of an honorific form can mitigate two main types of discomfitme, which differ in degree of seriousness, depending on the social features of the situation in which the use occms. It is pointed out that the mitigation of either type of discomfiture should be regarded as flowing from a common type of linguistic choice, that is, compliance with a social nom1 goveming the appropriate use oflanguage in different kinds of communication situations, i.e. register rules. Furthermore, based on observations of the use of linguistic forms other than honorific ones, it is argued that honorific forms are one of many linguistic devices for realizing register differences, i.e. register markers. Results from the other questionnaire, which probed native speaker's evaluation of different types of language use for the communication of politeness, indicate that native speakers tend to place special aesthetic value on honorific forms and their use, independently of the seriousness of the discomfiture they can mitigate. Based on an analysis of the background to this tendency, it is argued that the value can be appropriately regarded as sharing many properties with the value which language users place on a certain part of register markers in a diglossic conmmunity. It is thus concluded that honorific politeness is a form of diglossia.

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Booth, Paul. "The interplay between lexis and learning : a study of second language vocabulary profiles and learning style". Thesis, Kingston University, 2011. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20275/.

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This study examines the relationship between second language vocabulary and learning in terms of productive vocabulary and learning style. Overall, second language learners tend to follow a predictable pattern when they acquire vocabulary. More common words are acquired before less frequent ones. However, individuals display idiosyncratic paths in lexical development. In this study learning style is examined in order to understand whether lexical developmental patterns can be associated with particular learning strengths and weaknesses. The central argument put forward in this thesis is that learning style can help to understand how L2 learners differ in their acquisition of lexis for productive use. Learners were tested for a pre-disposition towards memory or analysis in learning style and their vocabulary was measured via written texts for lexical rarity and the extent to which learners avoid repetition (diversity). The main findings show that at low proficiency memory correlates with lexical rarity, but at higher proficiency and greater analysis there is less variability of function words. Lexical diversity, which is influenced by sentence structure, is more stable with learners who are strong in language analysis. Over time, analytical learners tended to gain rarer words. Individual lexical trajectories over several points in time highlight the variability and stability of lexical profiles in relation to memory and analysis. Task topic influences lexical rarity whereas diversity is relatively independent. There was no direct relationship found between holistic quality ratings of texts and quantitative measures of lexical frequency or diversity; however, the results suggest an indirect relationship with language analysis. The discussion of the results brings to light the heterogeneous nature of L2 lexis and how this interacts with learning style. The results also lend support to a Dynamic Systems Theory of SLA (de Bot et al, 2007); in particular, how variability is a developmental phenomenon which helps us to understand how lexis is assembled in response to local task conditions in real time. The pedagogical implications of these findings are also discussed and recommendations are made to help learners notice and restructure their language.

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Aguiar, Felipe Barbosa de. "Traduzindo Aslan: marcas de um tradutor nas Crônicas de Nárnia". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4888.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Este trabalho tem por objetivo verificar os padrões adotados para retratar o protagonista das Crônicas de Nárnia de C. S. Lewis o leão Aslan - na sua tradução para o português brasileiro. A dissertação objetiva também estabelecer se o paralelo sugerido pelo autor das Crônicas entre Aslan e a figura do Deus cristão é captado para o português brasileiro. Baseamo-nos na carta documental escrita por Lewis, na qual ele descreve a relação entre sua obra e o texto bíblico, principalmente no seu personagem principal, Aslan. Como arcabouço teórico adotado, discorremos sobre algumas correntes dos Estudos da Tradução que foram úteis para a análise do corpus o conceito de estilo e de afastamento do original e adaptação (BAKER, 1993, SHUTTLEWORTH,1999, TOURY, 1980). Como metalinguagem que nos ajuda a explicar as mudanças ocorridas entre o texto original e o texto traduzido, utilizamos a Gramática Sistêmico-Funcional, principalmente a função experiencial descrita pelos Processos (em especial os Processos Verbais), e a função interpessoal representada pela Teoria da Valoração (Appraisal). Para a análise dos textos, foi compilado um corpus paralelo contendo os sete livros da série em inglês e português e também um corpus comparável, utilizado para ratificar os resultados encontrados. Esses resultados apontam para um afastamento do texto traduzido radical em relação ao texto original no que se refere à construção do personagem Aslan, a saber: mudanças na prosódia semântica, mudanças de Força, omissões ou adições que alteram o sentido e mudança na agência dos Processos Verbais. Sugerimos que esses contrastes entre as alegorias tecidas por Lewis no texto original e o que encontramos na fala traduzida de Aslan podem alterar a percepção que se tem de Aslan como um símbolo cristão, quando reescrito em português do Brasil
This research aims to investigate the patterns adopted to portrait the central character of C. S. Lewis The Chronicles of Narnia the lion Aslan in its translation to Brazilian Portuguese. The dissertation aims also to estabilish if the parallel suggested by the author of The Chronicles between Aslan and the Christian God is captured into Brazilian Portuguese. We are grounded in the documental letter written by Lewis, in which he describes the relation between his work and the biblical text, chiefly its leading role, Aslan. As theorethical framework, we discuss some of the fields of Translation Studies that have been useful to the corpus analisys the concept of style, distancing from the original and adaptation (BAKER, 1993, SHUTTLEWORTH,1999, TOURY, 1980). As metalanguage which helps us to explain the changes in the original text and the translated text, we use the Sistemic Functional Grammar, namely the experiential function described by the Processes (in special the Verbal Processes), and the interpersonal function represented by Appraisal Theory. In order to do the analisys, a parallel corpus was compiled, containing the seven books of the series in English and Portuguese, and also a comparable corpus, used to confirm the achieved results. These results point to a radical distancing of the translated text in relation to the original text with respect to the construction of Aslans character, namely: changes in semantic prosody, changes in Force, omissions or aditions that alter the meaning and changes in the agency of Verbal Processes. We suggest that these contrasts between the allegories woven by Lewis in the original text and what we found in the translated text may modify the perception one may have of Aslan as a Christian symbol, when rewritten into Portuguese

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Abdulla, Saza Ahmed Fakhry. "An eclectic model for the stylistic exploration of mind style in fiction". Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2016. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/31084/.

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Grounded in Halliday’s systemic functional approach to the study of language and his three metafunctions of language, a new model called an Eclectic Model of Mind Style (EMMS) is presented in this thesis. Its building involved the examination of existing research on mind style and further systematic incorporation of some of the existing concepts, approaches and methodologies into one overarching model that could assist scholars in a more comprehensive understanding of the character’s mind style. The goal of the model is to provide an analytical tool for stylistic analysis of the fictional characters’ mind styles by demonstrating various stylistic effects used by authors in depiction of fictional characters in their novels. The building of the model involved two stages: the first stage comprised the detailed review of the scholarly research on the notion of mind style with the focus on the workings of the deviant minds. During this process, the outlines of the new model including its major categories have gradually emerged and finally, the EMMS has been built to be used as an inclusive analytical tool for stylistic analysis. Testing the proposed model by applying it to the analysis of the two selected fictional characters has become the next logical step bringing forth the second stage of the thesis writing process. During this stage, the two novels and their main characters have been chosen, namely: Christopher Boone in Mark Haddon’s (2003) The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time and Don Tillman in Graeme Simsion’s (2013) The Rosie Project. The primary focus of the analysis has been on exemplifying application of the EMMS categories to identifying the foregrounded use of stylistic features by the two characters and testing the EMMS analytical potential. The findings show the EMMS analytical potential for stylistic research and possible use in other areas of language studies, as well as the necessity for its further testing.

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Bland, Justin. "Speech style, syllable stress, and the second-language acquisition of Spanish /e/ and /o/". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78109.

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This study examines the effects of speech style, syllable stress, and proficiency level on the production of the second-language (L2) Spanish vowels /e/ and /o/. The study addresses traditional descriptions of L2 Spanish (e.g. Stockwell & Bowen, 1965), which claim that English-speaking learners, unlike native speakers (NSs), reduce vowels in unstressed syllables and diphthongize /e/ and /o/ in stressed syllables. Additionally, it adds to previous research by investigating how speech style affects L2 Spanish vowels, how these effects change by course level, and how they compare to NS style-shifting. Data was gathered from 55 adult learners of Spanish (SLs) at three course levels, as well as 10 NSs of Spanish using two elicitation tasks at different levels of formality. A total of 7,740 word-medial tokens of /e/ and /o/ was extracted, and vowels' F1, F2, duration, and diphthongization were measured using Praat. ANOVA tests were run to determine the main and interaction effects of participant group, elicitation task, and syllable stress on these four response variables for each vowel. Significant main effects as well as interaction effects were found for group, task, and stress on the F1 and F2 of /e/ and /o/, as well as interaction effects, providing evidence that the SLs and NSs centralized their unstressed vowels, that /e/ and /o/ became more raised and peripheral as course level increased, and that the SLs at all levels peripheralized their vowels in formal speech.
Master of Arts

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Lam, Chun-hung, i 林振雄. "Learning experience of "six-step reframing" in neuro-linguistic programming and its possible influences on thinking styles". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/210158.

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This is a multiple-case study about 16 university students’ (hereafter called participants) learning experience of “six-step reframing” in Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) and an exploration about whether the practice of such reframing (hereafter called the Practice) could be used to enhance the participants’ Type I thinking styles. Each participant was treated as a case on his/her own. The researcher met each voluntary participant individually on three occasions. First, each participant was given a pre-test of thinking styles, a NLP workshop, the first NLP “six-step reframing” practice, a first post-test of thinking styles and a first follow-up interview. One week later, the participant was given a second NLP “six-step reframing” practice, a second post test of thinking styles and a second follow-up interview. One month later, the participant was given a delayed final post test of thinking styles and in-depth interview for review of their experience and validation of the observations and measurements made in the entire process. All measurement results and practice and interview transcripts were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively according to the nature of the data. Results indicated that all participants felt positively towards the experience of the Practice. Through the Practice, they were able to identify their own limiting beliefs in learning and discover some new learning methods to overcome the problems. Furthermore, a desirable increase in Type I thinking styles was observed for most of the participants after the Practice. 8 of the participants showed marked increase (with effect size≥0.8) and 3 showed slight increase (with effect size <0.8). For the remaining 5 participants, 2 of them showed marked decrease (with effect size≥0.8) and 3 showed slight decrease (with effect size <0.8). Case-by-case analysis indicated the marked increase in Type I thinking styles could reasonably be explained by certain characteristics of the methods that the participants discovered in solving their problems, as well as characteristics of the processes they experienced in the Practice, such as the internal dialogue among different sensing “parts” within their awareness and the stimulation of multiple perspective perceptions in generating new insights to overcome their limiting beliefs, which share a lot of commonality with the characteristics of Type I thinking styles. In the 2 cases of marked decrease in Type I thinking style, interfering factors like fear and illness were identified. Based on the results, the researcher argues that in order that the problem solving experience can lead to desirable changes in the participants’ preferred ways of thinking, affective aspects of the experience is also highly important. Salient features in the Practice such as “generation of positive affection”, “provision of serene environment”, “autonomy to choose freely”, “reflection upon past life experiences” and “ownership of the self-identified problems” might have contributed to explain why the Practice was effective to most participants in this research in enhancing their Type I thinking style but similar success had not been observed so far in other intervention studies using problem solving tasks. The thesis also discussed the limitations of the study and implications for further education and psychological research.
published_or_final_version
Education
Doctoral
Doctor of Education

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Sanders, Sarah. "Exploring the linguistic styles of students with a propensity for alcoholism and students with symptoms of depression". Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/918.

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The present study investigated whether participants with a high propensity for alcoholism demonstrate the same linguistic pattern previously established for depression in response to a personal essay. It was hypothesized that students with a higher propensity for alcoholism would display a similar linguistic style when compared to those with symptoms of depression; specifically students with a higher propensity for alcohol abuse or dependence would use more first person singular pronouns and less first person plural pronouns. They were also hypothesized to use more negative emotion words similar to those with symptoms of depression. Participants completed a writing exercise that was analyzed using the Linguistic Inquiry Word Count software (Pennebaker, Booth, & Francis, 2007). The data was analyzed using Pearson Bivariate Correlations. The participants completed a writing exercise, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, the Beck Depression Inventory, Marlowe-Crowne Short Form, and a short demographic survey, respectively. The correlation between s propensity for alcoholism and symptoms of depression was not significant and the linguistic patterns varied substantially from the hypotheses. Even though the hypotheses were not supported, there were significant correlations between propensity for alcoholism and linguistic choices. The potential for linguistic analysis to be developed into an indirect assessment of alcohol dependence is discussed as a way to minimize the difficulties surrounding self-report methods.
B.S.
Bachelors
Sciences
Psychology

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Koschwitz, Joana. "The effect of speaking style on the performance of a forensic voice comparison system". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-355736.

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Taromi, Kurosh [Verfasser]. "Authorship Attribution in Modern Persian Prose : An Innovative Method to Find Style Discriminators Between Any Set of Authors / Kurosh Taromi". Saarbrücken : VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2010. http://www.vdm-verlag.de.

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Steele, Ariana J. "Non-binary speech, race, and non-normative gender: Sociolinguistic style beyond the binary". The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu157419067968368.

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Al-Shatti, Tareq Hamad. "Differentiating between the interactive styles of two types of caregiver with 11-21 months Kuwaiti children". Thesis, University of Reading, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273712.

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Jonsson, Carla. "Code-switching in Chicano Theater : Power, Identity and Style in Three Plays by Cherríe Moraga". Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, Modern Languages, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-498.

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The thesis examines local and global functions of code-switching and code-mixing in Chicano theater, i.e. in writing intended for performance. The data of this study consists of three published plays by Chicana playwright Cherríe Moraga.

Distinguishing between code-switching and code-mixing, the investigation explores local and global functions of these phenomena. Local functions of code-switching are functions that can be seen in the text and, as a consequence, can be regarded as meaningful for the audience of the plays. These functions are examined, focussing on five loci in which code-switching is frequent and has clear local functions. The loci are quotations, interjections, reiterations, ‘gaps’ and word/language play.

Global functions of code-switching and code-mixing operate on a higher level and are not necessarily detected in the actual texts. These functions are discussed, focussing on two main areas, namely power relations (addressing questions of domination, resistance and empowerment) and identity construction (addressing questions of how identity can be reflected by use of language and how identity is constructed and reconstructed by means of language).

The study suggests that code-switching fills creative, artistic and stylistic functions in the plays and that code-switching and code-mixing can serve as responses to domination in that they can be used to resist, challenge and ultimately transform power relations.

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Faria, Marilia Varella Bezerra de. "A constru??o estil?stica das identidades po?ticas da cidade de Natal: um olhar bakhtiniano". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2007. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16384.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:07:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariliaVBF_TESE.pdf: 1134126 bytes, checksum: 0a6b345125f13819b0af2050c5381946 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-21
The purpose of this work is to bring forward cultural identities of the city of Natal that are built upon representations contained in the work of Twentieth-Century Potiguar1 poets. We started out with the premise that the urban tissue owes its formation to the effect of the feelings produced and to the individuals that give shape to them, thus causing the city to abound with feelings and meanings that are relevant for both society and the individual. As cities and their identities may be studied and interpreted from different viewpoints, we have used in this study poetic discourse that functions as a memory to the city and takes shape out of a set of historically established social practices. Our research is situated within the area of Applied Linguistics, an area of knowledge focused mainly in language that is increasingly expanding its investigation limits in an interdisciplinary way. Therefore, this study is based on a social and historical model of language, with language construed as a discourse practice (Bakhtin and Circle), and presents an interface with cultural studies (Hall, Canclini), taking into account the fact that culture builds up values and brings forth differences in respect of the conditions under which such values and differences are produced. In this sense, we have tried to ―listen‖ to what the poets say, by understanding and interpreting the meanings produced by their discourse, in order to identify the formation of the identities of the city that arise out of distinct points of view and diverse stylistic marks. Analysis of these poetic utterances lead to multifold cultural identities of the city, ranging from a naive and multicolored Natal to a city that builds itself on its characters and on to an insurgent, usurped Natal
Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar identidades culturais da cidade de Natal, constru?das a partir das representa??es contidas no discurso de poetas potiguares, no decorrer do s?culo XX. Para tal alcance, tomamos como premissa o fato de que o tecido urbano forma-se em decorr?ncia dos efeitos de sentidos produzidos e dos sujeitos que neles se constituem, o que torna a cidade carregada desses sentidos e plena de significa??o para as sociedades e para os pr?prios sujeitos. Tamb?m constatamos, neste percurso investigativo, que, como as cidades e suas identidades podem ser interpretadas sob olhares diversos, o discurso po?tico funciona como uma mem?ria sobre a cidade, reconstitu?da em meio a um conjunto de pr?ticas sociais determinadas historicamente. A pesquisa ora apresentada situa-se no ?mbito da Lingu?stica Aplicada, ?rea de conhecimento que tem como foco principal a linguagem e que, cada vez mais, amplia suas fronteiras de investiga??o, revelando seu car?ter interdisciplinar. Assim configurado o perfil deste estudo, tomamos como refer?ncia te?rica o modelo s?cio-hist?rico da linguagem, entendendo-a como pr?tica discursiva (Bakhtin e C?rculo). Ainda no campo te?rico, estabelecemos uma interconex?o com os estudos culturais (Hall, Canclini), considerando que a cultura constr?i valores, produzindo diferen?as em fun??o de suas condi??es de produ??o. Nesse sentido, buscamos, pois, ―ouvir‖ o que dizem os poetas, na tentativa de compreender e interpretar os sentidos produzidos por seus enunciados, visando identificar a forma??o das identidades da cidade, que emergem em fun??o dos diferentes pontos de vista e das diversas marcas estil?sticas que neles se fazem presentes. A an?lise dos discursos po?ticos revelou m?ltiplas identidades culturais para a cidade: desde uma Natal ing?nua e multicor, passando por uma cidade que se constr?i a partir da vis?o de seus personagens, at? uma Natal rebelde ou usurpada

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Lin, Jing. "Using a rewriting system to model individual writing styles". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2012. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=186641.

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Each individual has a distinguished writing style. But natural language generation systems pro- duce text with much less variety. Is it possible to produce more human-like text from natural language generation systems by mimicking the style of particular authors? We start by analysing the text of real authors. We collect a corpus of texts from a single genre (food recipes) with each text identified with its author, and summarise a variety of writing features in these texts. Each author's writing style is the combination of a set of features. Analysis of the writing features shows that not only does each individual author write differently but the differences are consistent over the whole of their corpus. Hence we conclude that authors do keep consistent style consisting of a variety of different features. When we discuss notions such as the style and meaning of texts, we are referring to the reac- tion that readers have to them. It is important, therefore, in the field of computational linguistics to experiment by showing texts to people and assessing their interpretation of the texts. In our research we move the thesis from simple discussion and statistical analysis of the properties of text and NLG systems, to perform experiments to verify the actual impact that lexical preference has on real readers. Through experiments that require participants to follow a recipe and prepare food, we conclude that it is possible to alter the lexicon of a recipe without altering the actions performed by the cook, hence that word choice is an aspect of style rather than semantics; and also that word choice is one of the writing features employed by readers in identifying the author of a text. Among all writing features, individual lexical preference is very important both for analysing and generating texts. So we choose individual lexical choice as our principal topic of research. Using a modified version of distributional similarity CDS) helps us to choose words used by in- dividual authors without the limitation of many other solutions such as a pre-built thesauri. We present an algorithm for analysis and rewriting, and assess the results. Based on the results we propose some further improvements.

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Agazzoni, Debora. "Syntax and style in Alberto Arbasino's early works (1957-1963)". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8122/.

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This thesis examines the syntax of the sentence and the style of three of Alberto Arbasino’s early works: Le piccole vacanze (1957), Il ragazzo perduto (1959) and Fratelli d’Italia (1963). The period in which these works were written and published was one of great linguistic changes, with Italian starting to become the language spoken by the majority of the population and the consequent formation of a new variety, the italiano dell’uso medio. This social evolution has also consequences for the language of narrative: whereas some authors embrace the lingua media and a clear, communicative style (stile semplice), others reject it and opt for linguistic experimentation. Although Arbasino is typically placed in this second slant of narrative writing, one cannot so easily assign him to a group or stream, since from the beginning of his career he developed a personal poetics influenced by modernist writers, as well as his own ideas on language and style. The aims of this study are first of all to chart the birth and diachronic evolution of Arbasino’s style, and evaluate the influence of his syntactic choices on it. Then investigate how the syntax of each work compares to the lines of development of contemporary Italian and to the language of contemporary narrative. My analysis begins with a comprehensive outline of the features of contemporary Italian and of the styles of writing in post-war narrative, ending with a focus on the character of Arbasino’s poetics and ideas on language and style in the decade 1954-1964. A brief chapter then illustrates the methodology used, based on quantitative analysis of syntactic aspects, and clarifies terminology. Thereafter, the core of the thesis is composed of three case studies that examine thoroughly the syntax of the sentence and other important syntactic devices of the three works separately, comparing data with corpora of Italian and with studies on narrative language. Finally, a concluding chapter highlights the lines of development of syntax and style in the three works. On the basis of this research, it is clear that the syntax of the sentence places Arbasino among experimental writers tending to break with the linguistic standard. Moreover, Arbasino’s syntactic choices in the three works reflect an increasing distance from traditional literary modes of representation and the progressive affirmation of his own literary project, founded in the poetics of realismo critico.

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