Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Limes (fruits)”
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Vagadia, V. R., H. H. Mashru, H. D. Rank, G. V. Prajapati, R. M. Satasiya i R. Subbaiah. "Development and Performance Evaluation of Lime Harvesting Device". International Journal of Economic Plants 7, nr 2 (28.05.2020): 080–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/2/2020.0362.
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Efforts were made to develop a hand tool for harvesting of lime fruits. Initially, survey was done to collect the data regarding traditional kagzilime fruit harvesting device adopted by the farmers. The problems faced with the traditional tool for lime fruit harvesting are alleviated in the JAU–Lime harvester by providing catching unit, fruit collecting mouth and conveyance pipe which reduces losses in terms of immature lime fall out and spoilage. It was compared with the traditional one in terms of number of fruits harvested per unit time, spoilage and immature fruit losses during harvesting. The average fruit harvesting capacity was recorded as 6.85 kg hr-1 and 7.83 kg hr-1 for JAU–Lime harvester and traditional harvester, respectively. The collected fruits were kept in same environment for 11 days to find the number of fruits spoiled. It was observed that up to 8th day after harvesting, no spoilage was recorded in the lime harvested by JAU-Lime harvester. It was also recorded that after 11 days nearly 36.67% of limes were spoiled from the lots which were harvested by the traditional harvester. Average fruit spoilage was observed to be 15.45 and 2.12% in traditional harvester and JAU–Lime harvester, respectively. It was also observed that due to pulling effect, an average 3.84% immature fruits fall on the ground surface, while harvesting by traditional harvester compared to 1.37% in case of JAU–Lime harvester. 1
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Dang, Linh Man, i Van Phong Nguyen. "The influence of some preservatives (GA3, 1-MCP and CACL2) on delaying peel colour degradation and maintaining quality of seedless lime fruit (Citrus latifolia) during cold storage". Tạp chí Khoa học Đại học Văn Hiến 5, nr 2 (10.07.2017): 115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.58810/vhujs.5.2.2017.5219.
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The study was conducted to survey the influence of some preservatives (GA3, 1-MCP and CaCl2) on the ability to maintain peel green colour and quality of seedless lime fruit during cold storage. Harvested limes were treated with CaCl¬2 solution (1; 2; 3%/ 2 minutes), GA3 solution (50; 100; 150 ppm/ 2minutes) and 1-MCP (0.5; 1; 1.5 ppm/ 6 hours) whereas untreated lime fruits were regarded as control. Afterwards the fruits were packed in perforated PE packs and stored at 8oC. Quality assessments were performed from 4 weeks to 10 weeks with 2 weeks intervals. The results indicated that 1-MCP 1-1.5 ppm/6 hours could retain the quality of seedless lime fruit up to 8 weeks of storage at 8oC in terms of retarding in yellowing of the peel, reducing disease and maintaining physico-chemical properties.
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Tamura, Michel Shoiti, Roselene Ferreira Oliveira, Simone Correia Molina i Edmar Clemente. "Post harvest evaluation of physical-chemical parameters of mechanically damaged Tahiti acid limes". Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Alimentos 1, nr 2 (1.07.2010): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v1i2.20.
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<p>From harvest to consumption, fruit and vegetables suffer a series of mechanical damages which, depending on their sensitiveness, may cause damages that put their final quality at risk. This work had as its objective evaluate the post harvest quality of mechanically damaged ‘Tahity’ acid limes. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, with 3 repetitions and 7 fruits per treatment, mechanical damages were then evaluated by cutting and impacting in comparison to healthy fruits (control), and maintained for periods of 0, 3. 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 days, thus obtaining a 3 x 7 factorial experiment. Analyses were made throughout the 18 days, so as to determine the total soluble solids content (expressed in °Brix); titratable acidity (in g of citric acid. 100mL<sup>-1</sup>); ratio (relationsoluble solids and titratable acidity); vitamin C (expressed in mg of ascorbic acid 100mL<sup>-1</sup>) and pH. The results obtained showed that there was significant difference in the chemical parameters evaluated, mainly those submitted to damaging treatment.</p><p> </p><p>DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v1i2.20</p>
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Czech, Anna, Agnieszka Malik, Bożena Sosnowska i Piotr Domaradzki. "Bioactive Substances, Heavy Metals, and Antioxidant Activity in Whole Fruit, Peel, and Pulp of Citrus Fruits". International Journal of Food Science 2021 (16.03.2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6662259.
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The use of whole citrus fruits in the food industry means that the valuable peel is used, but this may raise palatability or health concerns among consumers. The content of sugars, dietary fibre, redox compounds, lead, and cadmium was compared in citrus fruits (orange; pomelo; mandarin; lemon; key lime; and red, yellow, and green grapefruit). The pulp of all fruits contained significantly less fibre, tannins, and phenolic compounds than the peel. Whole citrus fruits had significantly lower content of sugars and higher content of dietary fibre and phenolic compounds, including ferulic acid, than their pulps. Whole grapefruits had higher concentrations of ascorbic acid. Whole lemons, limes, and mandarins had higher antioxidant potential than their pulp, due to their higher content of ascorbic acid, tannins, and phenolic compounds. Lead and cadmium content in whole fruits, while higher than in the pulps, was well below the acceptable daily intake.
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Cautela, Domenico, Maria Luisa Balestrieri, Sara Savini, Anna Sannino, Giovanna Ferrari, Luigi Servillo, Luigi De Masi, Annalisa Pastore i Domenico Castaldo. "The Ancient Neapolitan Sweet Lime and the Calabrian Lemoncetta Locrese Belong to the Same Citrus Species". Molecules 25, nr 1 (27.12.2019): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010113.
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“Neapolitan limmo” is an ancient and rare sweet Mediterranean lime, now almost extinct but used until a few decades ago for the production of a fragrant liqueur called the “four citrus fruits”. The objective of this work was to compare, through the use of chemical (flavonoids, volatile organic compounds, and chiral compounds) and molecular (DNA fingerprint based on RAPD-PCR) markers, the residual population of Neapolitan limmo with other populations of sweet limes, identified in Calabria and known as “lemoncetta Locrese”. We report for the first time specific botanical characteristics of the two fruits and unequivocally show that the ancient sweet Mediterranean limes Neapolitan limmo and lemoncetta Locrese are synonyms of the same Citrus species. Owing to the biodiversity conserved in their places of origin, it will now be possible to recover, enhance and implement the use of this ancient sweet lime for agro-industrial purposes.
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Apostolopoulos, Ioannis D., Mpesi Tzani i Sokratis I. Aznaouridis. "A General Machine Learning Model for Assessing Fruit Quality Using Deep Image Features". AI 4, nr 4 (27.09.2023): 812–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ai4040041.
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Fruit quality is a critical factor in the produce industry, affecting producers, distributors, consumers, and the economy. High-quality fruits are more appealing, nutritious, and safe, boosting consumer satisfaction and revenue for producers. Artificial intelligence can aid in assessing the quality of fruit using images. This paper presents a general machine learning model for assessing fruit quality using deep image features. This model leverages the learning capabilities of the recent successful networks for image classification called vision transformers (ViT). The ViT model is built and trained with a combination of various fruit datasets and taught to distinguish between good and rotten fruit images based on their visual appearance and not predefined quality attributes. The general model demonstrated impressive results in accurately identifying the quality of various fruits, such as apples (with a 99.50% accuracy), cucumbers (99%), grapes (100%), kakis (99.50%), oranges (99.50%), papayas (98%), peaches (98%), tomatoes (99.50%), and watermelons (98%). However, it showed slightly lower performance in identifying guavas (97%), lemons (97%), limes (97.50%), mangoes (97.50%), pears (97%), and pomegranates (97%).
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Zhou, Zhenyu, Yingxuan Yan, Hongli Li, Yaru Feng, Cheng Huang i Shengjie Fan. "Nomilin and Its Analogues in Citrus Fruits: A Review of Its Health Promotion Effects and Potential Application in Medicine". Molecules 28, nr 1 (29.12.2022): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010269.
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Nomilin is one of the major limonoids, which are plant secondary metabolites also known as tetranortriterpenoids. Nomilin is found mostly in common edible citrus fruits including lemons, limes, oranges, grapefruits, mandarins, along with traditional Chinese medicines derived from citrus fruits, such as tangerine seed, tangerine peel, fructus aurantii immaturus, etc. A number of studies have demonstrated that nomilin and its analogues exhibit a variety of biological and pharmacological activities. These include anti-cancer, immune-modulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-viral, anti-osteoclastogenic, anti-oxidant, and neuro-protective effects. Thus, nomilin and its analogues have emerged as a potential therapy for human diseases. The purpose of this review is to chronicle the evolution of nomilin research from examining its history, structure, occurrence, to its pharmacological and disease-preventing properties as well as its potential utilization in medicine and food science.
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Safitri, Ira Ayu, Riyanto Riyanto i Dian Fitri Argarini. "PEMANFAATAN BUAH DAN SAYUR SEBAGAI SUMBER ENERGI ALTERNATIF PEMBUATAN BIO- BATERAI DI SDN PAREREJO 01". JPM PAMBUDI 7, nr 02 (21.12.2023): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.33503/pambudi.v7i02.4015.
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Batteries are a source of electrical energy that is widely used in everyday life. Batteries contain heavy metals which are not environmentally friendly and therefore have the potential to cause environmental pollution. One solution that can be done, namely using fruit and vegetables as alternative energy, is still not done optimally. Alternative energy is environmentally friendly energy obtained from materials that have never been used before. The fruits and vegetables used in practice are as follows: potatoes, tomatoes, and limes. The methods used in this service activity are; the practice of creating electrical circuits directly using fruit and vegetables as an energy source. From the results of the practice it can be concluded that fruit and vegetables can be used as an alternative energy source for bio-batteries.
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García-Nicolás, María, Carlos A. Ledesma-Escobar i Feliciano Priego-Capote. "Spatial Distribution and Antioxidant Activity of Extracts from Citrus Fruits". Antioxidants 12, nr 4 (23.03.2023): 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12040781.
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Citrus fruits are recommended components of the human diet because of their enriched composition in bioactive compounds and health benefits. Among their notable components are phenols, with a special emphasis on flavonoids, limonoids, and carboxylic acids. In this research, we have carried out a spatial metabolomics analysis for the characterization of these bioactive families in three citrus fruits, namely, lemons, limes, and mandarins. Sampling was undertaken, for which the juices and three fruit tissues, namely, albedo, flavedo, and segments, were analyzed. This characterization allowed for the determination of 49 bioactive compounds in all the samples. The composition of the different extracts was correlated with the antioxidant capacity measured by the DPPH radical scavenging activity and β-carotene bleaching assays. Flavonoids, found in the albedo and flavedo at higher concentrations, were the main components responsible for DPPH radical scavenging activity. On the other hand, the combined action of flavonoids and limonoids contributed to explaining the antioxidant activity measured by the β-carotene bleaching assay. Generally, the antioxidant capacity of juices was lower than that estimated for extracts from citrus tissues.
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Mattos Junior, Dirceu, Thiago Fernando Milaneze, Fernando Alves Azevedo i José Antônio Quaggio. "Soil nutrient availability and its impact on fruit quality of Tahiti acid lime". Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 32, nr 1 (12.03.2010): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452010005000032.
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The Tahiti acid lime in Brazil is mostly grown in the São Paulo State. The value of this crop production ranks among the ten most important fruits in the country. The Brazilian exports of Tahiti limes have increased in the last years with a corresponding increased demand for superior quality of fresh fruits, which is affected by mineral nutrients. Therefore, this study evaluated nutrient soil availability and its influence on nutritional status of trees based on the determination of leaf and fruit nutrient concentrations, fruit characteristics, and post harvest quality. Eleven commercial groves with trees older than 4-yr and differently managed were studied. Plots with six trees in each grove were sampled for soil (0-20 cm depth layer), leaf and fruit analyses with three replicates. Correlation coefficients were pair wised established for all variables. The results showed that N leaf concentration was well correlated with green color of fruit peel as measured by a color index (r = -0.71**), and which was optimum with Leaf-N around 22 g kg-1. Leaf-Ca was inversely correlated with fruit water loss after 14-day interval from harvest (r = -0.54*) demonstrating that Ca plays an important role in Tahiti fruit shelf-life. Data also suggested that increased fruit K concentration correlated with increased fruit water losses during storage (r >0.58*).
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Jomori, Maria Luiza Lye, Ricardo Alfredo Kluge i Angelo Pedro Jacomino. "Cold storage of 'Tahiti' lime treated with 1-methylcyclopropene". Scientia Agricola 60, nr 4 (grudzień 2003): 785–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162003000400027.
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The storage of 'Tahiti' limes under low temperatures enables the extension of the commercialization period. However the loss of the skin green color and the occurrence of chilling injuries prevent such advantage. The purpose of this work was to verify the efficiency of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), an inhibition of ethylene action, during the cold storage of 'Tahiti' lime. Fruits were treated for 12 hours with 1-methylcyclopropene at concentrations of 0 or 1.0 mL L-1 and then were stored at 5 or 10ºC for 30, 60 and 90 days of storage (+ 3 days of simulated marketing at 20ºC). Application of 1-MCP conserved the color of stored fruits at 10ºC during 30 days. Fruits treated with 1-MCP and stored at 5ºC presented less respiration than non-treated fruits. High levels of ethanol and acetaldehyde were observed after 60 days in non-treated fruits. The occurrence of chilling injuries on fruits was not verified after a 30-day storage period, however after 60 days of storage, 40 to 58% of fruits kept at 5ºC presented chilling injuries. All fruits stored at 5ºC presented chilling injuries after 90 days.
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Amelia, Julfi Restu, Fildzah Hashfi Safitri, Giyatmi Giyatmi i Intan Nurul Azni. "Comparative Study of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Tropical Citrus Fruits (Juice and Peels)". Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) 13, nr 1 (22.02.2024): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jtep-l.v13i1.242-249.
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Tropical citrus fruits contain important bioactive compounds with health-promoting properties such as antioxidant and antibacterial properties. This study provided comparative data on the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of tropical citrus (local lemons, imported lemons, and limes) juice and peel. Antioxidant activity of citrus fruits was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and expressed as IC50. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against pathogens (E. coli, B. subtilis, S. aureus) using agar diffusion method. The results showed that very strong antioxidants were detected in domestic and imported lemon juice (33.45 ppm; 31.43 ppm) and peel (15.89 ppm; 44.50 ppm). However, lime juice and peel had stronger antioxidant activity (60.35 ppm and 59.54 ppm). The highest zone of inhibition was observed against S. aureus and the lowest was recorded against E. coli. The diameters of the zones of inhibition of local lemon, imported lemon, and lime juice against S. aureus were 26.40 mm, 27.95 mm, and 27.31 mm; E. coli was 15.64 mm, 16.84 mm, and 16.63 mm; and B. subtilis was 17.88 mm, 21.77 mm, and 21.24 mm, respectively. Tropical citrus juice showed higher activity against Grampositive than Gram-negative bacteria tested. Local lemon, imported lemon, and lime peels did not inhibit E. coli, B. subtilis, and S. aureus. Keywords: Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Lemon, limes, Tropical citrus
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Spadaro, Federica, Rosaria Costa, Clara Circosta i Francesco Occhiuto. "Volatile Composition and Biological Activity of Key Lime Citrus aurantifolia Essential Oil". Natural Product Communications 7, nr 11 (listopad 2012): 1934578X1200701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1200701128.
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The essential oil of Citrus aurantifolia (Christm) Swingle fruits (limes) was studied for its potential spasmolytic effects in relation to its chemical composition. The essential oil, extracted by hydrodistillation (HD), was analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. The antispasmodic activity was evaluated on isolated rabbit jejunum, aorta and uterus. The results indicated that the essential oil of C aurantifolia possesses important spasmolytic properties, which are likely to be due to its major constituents, limonene (58.4%), β-pinene (15.4%), γ-terpinene (8.5%), and citral (4.4%).
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Khan, Usman Mir, Aysha Sameen, Rana Muhammad Aadil, Muhammad Shahid, Serap Sezen, Ali Zarrabi, Betul Ozdemir i in. "Citrus Genus and Its Waste Utilization: A Review on Health-Promoting Activities and Industrial Application". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (20.10.2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2488804.
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Citrus fruits such as oranges, grapefruits, lemons, limes, tangerines, and mandarins, whose production is increasing every year with the rise of consumer demand, are among the most popular fruits cultivated throughout the globe. Citrus genus belongs to the Rutaceae family and is known for its beneficial effects on health for centuries. These plant groups contain many beneficial nutrients and bioactive compounds. These compounds have antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, antiplatelet aggregation, and anti-inflammatory activities. Citrus waste, generated by citrus-processing industries in large amounts every year, has an important economic value due to richness of bioactive compounds. The present review paper has summarized the application and properties of Citrus and its waste in some fields such as food and drinks, traditional medicine practices, and recent advances in modern approaches towards pharmaceutical and nutraceutical formulations.
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Nguyen, Thi Luong, Hoc Thang Nguyen, Van Khoi Nguyen, Thi Thu Ha Pham, Thi Hong Thuy Le i Thanh Tung Nguyen. "Characteristics of HPMC/Beeswax Edible Composite Film and its Application for Preservation of Seedless Lime Fruit". Key Engineering Materials 850 (czerwiec 2020): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.850.87.
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This article is aimed at evaluating newly synthesized HPMC/BW composite films, applied for preservation of seedless lime fruit. Factors influenced to formation of the films as well as characteristics of HPMC/BW edible composite films were researched and analyzed based on experimental results and previous studies. The HPMC/BW edible composite films were created based on the components included HPMC (5% w/v), Glycerol plasticizer (Gly-2% v/v), BW (5% w/v); Oleic Acid emulsifier (OA-1% v/v). Characteristics of the composite film were evaluated via the analytical techniques known as Sensory, Tensile Strength (TS), Elongation at Break (EB), ThermoGravimetric Analyzer (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR). HPMC/BW composite films applied in preserving seedless limes. Evaluations of preservation processes were based on effects of characteristics such as Sensory evaluation, Respiratory intensity, Weight loss, Vitamin C content, Total acid of before and after fruits preservation.
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Magalhães, Daniela, Ana A. Vilas-Boas, Paula Teixeira i Manuela Pintado. "Functional Ingredients and Additives from Lemon by-Products and Their Applications in Food Preservation: A Review". Foods 12, nr 5 (4.03.2023): 1095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12051095.
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Citrus trees are among the most abundant fruit trees in the world, with an annual production of around 124 million tonnes. Lemons and limes are among the most significant contributors, producing nearly 16 million tonnes per year. The processing and consumption of citrus fruits generates a significant amount of waste, including peels, pulp, seeds, and pomace, which represents about 50% of the fresh fruit. Citrus limon (C. limon) by-products are composed of significant amounts of bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds, carotenoids, vitamins, essential oils, and fibres, which give them nutritional value and health benefits such as antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. These by-products, which are typically discarded as waste in the environment, can be explored to produce new functional ingredients, a desirable approach from a circular economy perspective. The present review systematically summarizes the potential high-biological-value components extracted from by-products to achieve a zero-waste goal, focusing on the recovery of three main fractions: essential oils, phenolic compounds, and dietary fibres, present in C. limon by-products, and their applications in food preservation.
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Goskowicz, Maki Okamura, Sheila Fallon Friedlander i Lawrence F. Eichenfield. "Endemic "Lime" Disease: Phytophotodermatitis in San Diego County". Pediatrics 93, nr 5 (1.05.1994): 828–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.93.5.828.
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Phytophotodermatitis is an acute phototoxic skin eruption which often occurs after contact with certain fruits or plants in association with sun exposure. Due to the bizarre configurations of lesions induced by phytophotodermatitis, it can be confused with many other diseases. We present 10 cases with illustrative histories of children with misdiagnosed phytophotodermatitis seen during a 15-month period. All patients were referred for pediatric dermatology evaluation with incorrect diagnoses, and a history was elicited of contact with limes or lemons and sun exposure. The dermatitis mimicked a variety of different diseases. We discuss the peculiar findings of this entity and illustrate its various manifestations.
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Poudel, Sujata, Ishwori Prasad Gautam, Purushottam Prasad Khatiwada, Dipendra Ghimire, Sujan Subedi, Suprabha Pandey, Mira Dhakal i Rajendra Regmi. "Effect of Postharvest Application of Edible Coatings and Packaging on Acid Lime Fruit var. SunKagati 1 Quality at Ambient Storage Condition". Nepalese Horticulture 15 (5.10.2021): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nh.v15i0.36683.
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Sunkagati-1 is one of the commonly grown acid limes recommended for terai region of Nepal with main season production from Shrawan to Poush. In recent year, area of acid lime is increasing while no appropriate technology of postharvest is available for it. An experiment was carried out with an objective to assess the influence of edible oil coatings and packaging on storage life of acid lime fruit. Fruits were harvested at physiologically mature stage with smooth and shiny appearance and treated with four edible oils (coconut oil, mustard oil, sesamum oil and castor oil), liquid paraffin 10% wax emulsion and 25 micron low density polyethylene (LDPE) packaging. The study was conducted in completely randomized block design (CRD) with seven treatments and three replications. Fruits were kept at ambient condition (20±1.55 ºC, 65±6.5 % RH) till 24 days and analyzed for various postharvest physical, chemical and physiological parameters after 8th, 16th and 24th days of storage. The result showed that LDPE packaging has significant effect on reduction of physiological loss in weight (1.69 %), spoilage loss (5.17 %), higher vitamin C content (60.11 mg/100g), Titratable acidity (6.71 %) and development of marketable color viz., 100% yellow color. Also, coconut oil showed significantly better postharvest quality retention with reduced physiological loss in weight (10.83 %) and spoilage loss (10.45 %). This study concluded that LDPE packaging and coconut oil coating are the appropriate method to extend the storage life of acid lime in ambient condition of mid hills situation.
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Poudel, Sujata, Ishwori Prasad Gautam, Purushottam Prasad Khatiwada, Dipendra Ghimire, Sujan Subedi, Suprabha Pandey, Mira Dhakal i Rajendra Regmi. "Effect of Postharvest Application of Edible Coatings and Packaging on Acid Lime Fruit var. SunKagati 1 Quality at Ambient Storage Condition". Nepalese Horticulture 15 (5.10.2021): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nh.v15i0.36683.
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Sunkagati-1 is one of the commonly grown acid limes recommended for terai region of Nepal with main season production from Shrawan to Poush. In recent year, area of acid lime is increasing while no appropriate technology of postharvest is available for it. An experiment was carried out with an objective to assess the influence of edible oil coatings and packaging on storage life of acid lime fruit. Fruits were harvested at physiologically mature stage with smooth and shiny appearance and treated with four edible oils (coconut oil, mustard oil, sesamum oil and castor oil), liquid paraffin 10% wax emulsion and 25 micron low density polyethylene (LDPE) packaging. The study was conducted in completely randomized block design (CRD) with seven treatments and three replications. Fruits were kept at ambient condition (20±1.55 ºC, 65±6.5 % RH) till 24 days and analyzed for various postharvest physical, chemical and physiological parameters after 8th, 16th and 24th days of storage. The result showed that LDPE packaging has significant effect on reduction of physiological loss in weight (1.69 %), spoilage loss (5.17 %), higher vitamin C content (60.11 mg/100g), Titratable acidity (6.71 %) and development of marketable color viz., 100% yellow color. Also, coconut oil showed significantly better postharvest quality retention with reduced physiological loss in weight (10.83 %) and spoilage loss (10.45 %). This study concluded that LDPE packaging and coconut oil coating are the appropriate method to extend the storage life of acid lime in ambient condition of mid hills situation.
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Maftoonazad, Neda, i Hosahalli S. Ramaswamy. "Application and Evaluation of a Pectin-Based Edible Coating Process for Quality Change Kinetics and Shelf-Life Extension of Lime Fruit (Citrus aurantifolium)". Coatings 9, nr 5 (26.04.2019): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9050285.
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Uncertain storage conditions lead to considerable quality loss in lime fruits, which affect their consumer acceptability. Studies aimed at quantifying the kinetics of quality changes under different storage conditions are valuable for minimizing the product quality loss and improving their marketability. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of pectin-based coating on the kinetics of quality change in stored limes fruits using a pre-established coating process. Lime fruits were immersed in the coating emulsion and then surface dried, cooled, and evaluated after storage for different times at selected temperatures (10–25 °C). Quality characteristics evaluated include physical (texture and color), chemical (ascorbic acid, pH, titrable acidity, total soluble solids), and physiological (respiration rate) properties. Results revealed that with the passage of time, the fruits showed progressive increase in shriveling or wilting and loss in green color, and higher temperatures accelerated these changes. The respiration rate in control samples reached 79, 35, and 7 mL CO2/(kg·h) after 7 days at 25 °C and 22 days at 15 and 10 °C, respectively, while those of coated samples were limited to 40, 32, and 1.06 mL CO2/(kg·h) after 11, 25, and 32 days at the same storage temperatures. Control fruits suffered 6%, 10%, and 24% weight loss following 8 days of storage at 10, 15, and 20 °C, respectively, while the losses in coated fruits were lower (2%, 4%, and 17%, respectively). A zero-order model was found appropriate for weight loss, along with a color a value and ΔE, while a first-order model was found to be better for firmness, brix to acidity ratio, ascorbic acid, and b and L values (R2 > 0.9). The Arrhenius model was suitable for temperature sensitivity of the rate constants.
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Kooistra, Laura, i Maaike Groot. "Brood en vlees". Lampas 53, nr 2 (1.06.2020): 241–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/lam2020.2.008.groo.
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Summary This paper presents the current state of knowledge on food supply to the Roman Limes, vici and towns in the Netherlands – based on archaeobotanical and archaeozoological research – and the role of the local countryside. For the first century AD, several areas of origin for the food can be established. Cereals were imported, but also supplied from the regions adjacent to the Rhine; pulses and oil seeds may have been sourced locally. Cattle were both imported and obtained locally. Population density in the countryside was low and farmers were not used to structurally producing surplus food. In the earliest phase, the army probably requisitioned cattle and raised pigs and chickens. From the late first century, supply was organised better and the local farmers supplied more of the cereals and meat required by the army, vici and towns. However, certain cereals were still imported. Orchards and vegetable gardens were located near the towns, where chickens were also raised. Throughout the Roman period, wild fruits and hazelnuts could be gathered and game, wild birds and fish hunted by consumers. Saltwater fish and seashells indicate trade with coastal regions. Wine, olive oil, fish sauce, preserved fruits, pine nuts, preserved meat and fish were imported from other provinces.
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Hernández-Montiel, L. G., R. J. Holguín-Peña i H. Latisnere-Barragan. "First Report of Sour Rot Caused by Geotrichum citri-aurantii on Key Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) in Colima State, Mexico". Plant Disease 94, nr 4 (kwiecień 2010): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-4-0488b.
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Sour rot caused by Geotrichum citri-aurantii (Ferraris) R. Cif. & F. Cif. (synonym G. candidum Link) is a disease that causes postharvest losses of lemon (Citrus limon Burm, f.), mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco), and orange (C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck) (2–4) worldwide, but it has not been described on key lime (C. aurantifolia (Chistm.) Swingle) from the State of Colima, Mexico. During the agricultural cycle from 2005 to 2007, 300 fruits of key lime were analyzed. Symptoms observed on approximately 40% of the fruits were wounds with a sour, fermented smell with 30% of the softened area covered with white mycelium. A Geotrichum sp. was isolated on potato dextrose agar (PDA). On the basis of morphological criteria (1) and sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8s-ITS2) region of rDNA (GenBank Accession No. EU131181), the fungus was identified as G. citri-aurantii. A sample of the fungus was deposited in the Biology Collection of Yeast and Fungi (Reg. No. CLT20) of Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Mexico. Key limes were inoculated with G. citri-aurantii by placing three drops (20 μl each) of a sterile water suspension of 106 arthroconidia/ml in three punctured wounds of 3-mm diameter produced with a sterile scalpel on the fruit surface. Ten plastic boxes with five fruit each were stored for 2 weeks at 20°C and 85% relative humidity. Sour rot symptoms on key lime inoculated with G. citri-aurantii were identical to fruit in the field. The control fruit inoculated with sterile water did not develop symptoms. The fungus was reisolated, confirming Koch's postulates. The test was repeated three times to confirm our diagnosis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of G. citri-aurantii causing sour rot on key lime in Colima, Mexico. References: (1) S. Gente et al. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 33:1019, 2006. (2) P. Plaza et al. J. Hortic. Sci. Biotechnol. 79:935, 2004. (3) J. L. Smilanick et al. Post. Biol. Tech. 47:226, 2008. (4) V. H. Tournas and E. Katsoudas, J. Food. Microbiol. 105:11, 2005.
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Abbas, Ghulam, Duraid K. A. Al-Taey, Saad S. M. Al-Azawi, Mohammad Mehdizadeh, Razia A. M. Qureshi, Ammar K. Jasman, Ali K. Slomy i in. "Controlling Strategies of Citrus to Increase The Yield in The Country: A step Towards The Fight Against COVID-19". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 910, nr 1 (1.11.2021): 012045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/910/1/012045.
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Abstract Citrus (oranges, lemon, mandarin, limes and tangarines) has significant nutritional value in human foods. It is rich source of vitamin C, sugar, organic acids, amino acids, minerals like Ca, Mg and various other phytochemicals (flavonoids, hesperidin etc) compounds that are responsible for good health. Citrus is growing in more than one forty countries of the world including Pakistan, Brazil, China, Mexico, USA, Spain and India.Viral infection and inflammation triggers the production of oxygen free radicals and these radicals severely damage the cells, however hesperidin and vitamin C is reported to counteract these damages. Intake of plentiful citrus fruits is one of amongst the many possible approaches to prevent from COVID-19 role of nutrition. Citrus fruit are very rich in important substances with a potential beneficial for health such as modulating the immunity and in protecting cells from oxidative stress related with infection. Flavonoids and hesperidin two major key compound found in citrus have affinity to treat Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Hesperidin has a low binding energy, both with the coronavirus “spike” protein, and with the fundamental protease that alters the primary proteins of the virus (pp1a and ppa1b) into the complex liable for viral replication hence these compounds could work as an antiviral function. Pakistan is amongst top ten citrus producers in the world. Citrus is one of the best commercial fruits of Pakistan cultivated on a large area, however, in Pakistan yield of citrus has been affected due to attack of insects and pathogens (nematode, fungal, bacterial and viral) which causes heavy losses both in quality and quantity. The purpose of this article is to focusing on the controlling the pathogens of citrus to boost citrus production in country as these beneficial plants are well known for its essential vitamin and flavonoid contents to control COVID-19.
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Román-Paoli, Elvin, Juan Ortiz-López, José Zamora-Echevarría i Félix M. Román-Pérez. "Fertilization methods affecting ‘Tahiti’ lime (Citrus latifolia) fruit yield and profitability". Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico 105, nr 2 (19.08.2022): 163–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.46429/jaupr.v105i2.20074.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In Puerto Rico, the most commonly planted citrus crops are oranges, mandarins and limes. Farmers still have an interest in citrus production despite the detrimental effect of the Huanglongbing (HLB) disease on island orchards. Vector control and use of slow-release fertilizers (SRF) and soluble fertilizer (SF) applications to the soil are among the recommended management practices to increase citrus production. In 2009, the Department of Agriculture of Puerto Rico (DAPR) appointed the fruit tree specialist from the University of Puerto Rico and a DAPR staff member to evaluate the condition of citrus production in Puerto Rico. Based on that evaluation, DAPR developed an initiative to increase the number of marketable fruits of oranges, mandarins, and limes from trees between five and 12 years of age by promoting the use of SRF in combination with SF applications to the soil. An experiment was established during 2011 in a seven-year-old ‘Tahiti’ limeorchard in Ciales, Puerto Rico, to compare fertilization methods promoted by the DAPR with conventional methods, estimating the profitability of each method. The DAPR fertilizer recommendations were developed specifically for situations where HBL is present. In the orchards under study, HBL was not observed and therefore not tested. This does not mean that trees were not infected because symptoms may take months or years to become visible. The fertilization methods evaluated were: (1) granular fertilizers applied every four months (conventional fertilization), (2) manual application of SRF twice a year plus the application of SF to the soil with a backpack sprayer four times a year (SRF+SF/backpack), (3) manual application of SRF twice a year plus the application of SF to the soil with a motorized sprayer four times a year (SRF+SF/motorized), and (4) manual application of SRF twice a year. Total fruit number, total fruit weight, and average fruit weight were measured. Harvests were carried out monthly for 15 months. In the first seven harvests, the performance of trees submitted to the combination of SRF and SF was more efficient than was conventional fertilization or SRF alone, since the same production was maintained using a considerably lower amount of nutrients. At 14 months, the application twice a year of SRF alone almost doubled yield although the effect of this treatment was inconsistent during the year. We estimate that the combination of SRF and SF applications to the soil will result in the highest profitability with an income of $27 per tree per year and a profitability of $8.05 per dollar spent.
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Corzo-Ruiz, Susan Cristina, Francisco Hernández-Rosas, Margarita Lizeth Alvarado-Noguez, Juan Hernandez-Rosas i Alfredo Cruz-Orea. "Photoacoustic Spectroscopy applied to the juice and rind characterization of Citrus latifolia with different quality of samples". Superficies y Vacío 31, nr 1 (15.03.2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.47566/2018_syv31_1-010001.
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The main purpose of the present study was to characterize the juice and rind of the Persian lime (Citrus latifolia) with different quality of samples, by means of the Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (PAS) technique. In agreement to the Mexican quality standards, the samples under study were classified into four degrees of quality i.e. Extra, Second, Third and Waste classes. We have used PAS to characterize the optical properties of each one of the samples. Thus, we have obtained the absorption spectra of the juice as well as in that part of the rind called flavedo. After that, using another different photoacoustic configuration, we have measured the water vapor permeability of the albedo; i.e. the innermost, white and spongy layer of the rind. Our results show that PAS is a reliable technique to get the grading quality of samples in situ of fresh fruits such as Persian limes by means of the study of some of their physical properties.
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Peres, N. A., S. J. MacKenzie, T. L. Peever i L. W. Timmer. "Postbloom Fruit Drop of Citrus and Key Lime Anthracnose Are Caused by Distinct Phylogenetic Lineages of Colletotrichum acutatum". Phytopathology® 98, nr 3 (marzec 2008): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-98-3-0345.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Colletotrichum acutatum causes two diseases of citrus, postbloom fruit drop (PFD) and Key lime anthracnose (KLA). PFD is a disease restricted to flowers of sweet orange and most other citrus, and symptoms include petal necrosis, abscission of developing fruit, and the formation of persistent calyces. KLA is a disease of foliage, flowers, and fruits of Key lime only, and symptoms include necrotic lesions on leaves, fruits, twigs, flowers, and blight of entire shoots. The internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 and the gene encoding the 5.8S ribosomal RNA subunit within the nuclear ribosomal cluster (ITS) and intron 2 of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (G3PD) were sequenced for isolates from PFD-affected sweet orange and KLA-affected Key limes collected in the United States (Florida), Brazil (São Paulo), Mexico, Belize, Costa Rica, and the Dominican Republic to determine if there are consistent genetic differences between PFD and KLA isolates over the geographic area where these diseases occur. Based on the sequence data, isolates clustered into two well-supported clades with little or no sequence variation among isolates within clades. One clade (PFD clade) contained PFD isolates from all countries sampled plus a few isolates from flowers of Key lime in Brazil. The other clade (KLA clade) contained KLA isolates from Key lime foliage from all countries sampled and one isolate from flowers of sweet orange in Mexico. In greenhouse inoculations with PFD and KLA isolates from Florida, isolates from both clades produced PFD symptoms on Orlando tangelo flowers, but KLA-clade isolates produced significantly less severe symptoms. PFD-clade isolates were not pathogenic to Key lime foliage, confirming previous studies. The differentiation of PFD and KLA isolates into two well-supported clades and the pathogenicity data indicate that PFD and KLA are caused by distinct phylogenetic lineages of C. acutatum that are also biologically distinct. PFD is a recently described disease (first reported in 1979) relative to KLA (first reported in 1912) and it had been proposed that strains causing PFD evolved from strains causing KLA eventually losing pathogenicity to Key lime foliage. We reject the hypothesis that PFD strains have diverged from KLA strains recently based on estimated divergence times of haplotypes and it appears that PFD and KLA strains have been dispersed throughout the Americas independently in association with each host.
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Wickert, Ester, Eliana Gertrudes de Macedo Lemos, Luciano Takeshi Kishi, Andressa de Souza i Antonio de Goes. "Genetic Diversity and Population Differentiation ofGuignardia mangiferaefrom “Tahiti” Acid Lime". Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/125654.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Among the citrus plants, “Tahiti” acid lime is known as a host ofG. mangiferaefungi. This species is considered endophytic for citrus plants and is easily isolated from asymptomatic fruits and leaves.G. mangiferaeis genetically related and sometimes confused withG. citricarpawhich causes Citrus Black Spot (CBS). “Tahiti” acid lime is one of the few species that means to be resistant to this disease because it does not present symptoms. Despite the fact that it is commonly found in citric plants, little is known about the populations ofG. mangiferaeassociated with these plants. Hence, the objective of this work was to gain insights about the genetic diversity of theG. mangiferaepopulations that colonize “Tahiti” acid limes by sequencing cistron ITS1-5.8S-ITS2. It was verified that “Tahiti” acid lime plants are hosts ofG. mangiferaeand also ofG. citricarpa, without presenting symptoms of CBS. Populations ofG. mangiferaepresent low-to-moderate genetic diversity and show little-to-moderate levels of population differentiation. As gene flow was detected among the studied populations and they share haplotypes, it is possible that all populations, from citrus plants and also from the other known hosts of this fungus, belong to one great panmictic population.
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Vukić, Milena D., Jovica Branković i Marija S. Ristić. "GC, GC/MS analysis, and biological effects of Citrus aurantium amara essential oil". Acta Horticulturae et Regiotecturae 26, nr 1 (1.05.2023): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ahr-2023-0004.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract Citrus aurantium amara (sour orange) belongs to one of the largest genera of the Rutaceae family. The species of this genus are consumed worldwide as fresh or in form of beverages. They include well-known crops lemons, oranges, mandarins, grapefruits, and limes. The industrial processing of these fruits produces high amounts of waste (around 50%) which is a valuable source of essential oils. Since they are produced mainly from peel, considered waste, these essential oils have great economic value. In that regard, the aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from the peel of Citrus aurantium amara, as well as to assess the biological effects by the means of antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Results of GC and GC/MS analysis characterized this EO as a valuable source of limonene found in the amount of 90.4% of the total. Results of antioxidant activity indicate better inhibition of ABTS•+ (44.93 ±1.45%) compared to the DPPH• (11.03 ±1.08%). Moreover, the results of the antimicrobial assessment using the disc diffusion method displayed low inhibition potency of this essential oil towards G+ and G− bacteria and yeast strains.
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Rath, Deepankar, Gurudutta Pattnaik, Biswakanth Kar, Gopal Krishna Padhy, Chandrasekhar Patro i Pallishree B. Hukta. "Antidiabetic Potency of Flavonoids Using a Systematic Computer-Aided Drug Design Platform". International Journal of Experimental Research and Review 40, Spl Volume (30.06.2024): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2024.v40spl.020.
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Diabetic mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder, with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) being the most prevalent type globally. Despite the availability of several target-specific drugs, the prevalence rate has remained uncontrollable, prompting a systematic exploration of plant secondary metabolites or phytochemicals for mainstream use. Among all natural resources, citrus fruits like oranges, lemons, grapefruits and limes are rich sources of flavonoids and get more attention due to their higher antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Additionally, researchers have employed various strategies to locate the most bioactive and drug-able flavonoids from these herbal extracts for use in managing diabetes. Therefore, the present study selected nine citrus-fruit-derived flavonoids and tested their antidiabetic potency using four target enzymes: α-amylase, AKT Serine/Threonine Kinase 1 (AKT1), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-IV), and glucose transporter 1 (GLU1) through molecular docking studies. In addition, we have predicted the physiochemical profile, toxicity, bioavailability, lead-likeness, drug-likeness, and lethal dose of flavonoids, along with five standard antidiabetic drugs, to select the most potential candidates. We used AutoDock 4.2 for the docking study, BIOVID-Discovery Studio for the protein-ligand interaction study, SwissADME, ProTox 3.0 and Molsot tools to predict the drug-likeness profile. Individual and average docking scores indicated that naringin (-11.2 and -10.40 kcal/mol) was the most potent flavonoid, and glimepiride (-11.1 and -10.1 kcal/mol) against AKT1 had the most potential among the five antidiabetic drugs. Naringin had non-toxic profiles, a positive drug-likeness score, and ideal physicochemical profiles, which suggested that it might be the best candidate for further testing. To sum up, the computer-aided drug design platform is an important part of the current drug discovery module to accelerate phyto-based drug discovery within limited time and resources.
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Lopes, S. A., i G. F. Frare. "Graft Transmission and Cultivar Reaction of Citrus to ‘Candidatus Liberibacter americanus’". Plant Disease 92, nr 1 (styczeń 2008): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-1-0021.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Little is known about ‘Candidatus Liberibacter americanus’, a causal agent of huanglongbing or greening disease in Brazil, or its interaction with citrus trees. Greenhouse experiments were conducted with the objective of determining conditions favorable for transmission from field affected trees to young potted plants, to evaluate the reaction of multiple citrus species to the disease, and to determine the efficiency of pathogen propagation from individual buds. Single buds or bark pieces of various sizes or bark plus wood (budstick) that were removed from symptomatic or asymptomatic branches were used as sources of inoculum. Transmission success was evaluated through polymerase chain reaction analysis of total DNA extracted from leaf samples. Beginning at 4 to 5 months after inoculation, infected plants manifested leaf mottling and symptoms similar to those of iron, manganese, and zinc deficiencies. Blotchy mottled leaves appeared only on sweet oranges and Murcott tangor. Pathogen transmission was higher for these citrus cultivars and species (31.2 to 65.2%) than for limes, mandarins, or Swingle citrumelo (2.0 to 25.0%). Deformed small fruits with brownish columellae also developed on sweet oranges. Only buds and budsticks served as sources of inoculum and the larger the piece of tissue, the higher the transmission efficiency. Experiments initiated during the winter showed lower rates of graft tissue survival but relatively higher percentages of pathogen transmission.
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Génard, Michel. "Influence du nombre de feuilles et de la répartition des fruits sur la production et la qualité des pêches". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 72, nr 2 (1.04.1992): 517–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps92-065.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
We compared the production of flower buds, fruit abscission, fruit growth and quality according to the fruit distribution on limbs (regular or not) and to the number of leaves per fruit (0, 1 or 2 shoots per fruit). Only one limb per tree was treated from a sample of 15 trees. The yield per limb and the mean growth of fruits were lowest, and the fruit abscission was highest on limbs without leaves. On leafy limbs, the yield components and the number of flower buds were not significantly affected by changes in the number of leaves per fruit or by the fruit distribution. Fruits on limbs without leaves had a lot of purple color, a greater firmness and a low sugar content. Fruits on limbs with many leaves before harvest had high sugar and malic acid content, as well as yellow and orange color.Key words: Yield components, quality, leaf, fruit, distribution, Prunus persica L.
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Leporini, Mariarosaria, Rosa Tundis, Vincenzo Sicari i Monica Rosa Loizzo. "Citrus species: Modern functional food and nutraceutical-based product ingredient". Italian Journal of Food Science 33, nr 2 (27.05.2021): 63–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.15586/ijfs.v33i2.2009.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Citrus is the most cultivated fruit crop in the world and occupies a place of considerable importance in the country’s economy. Almost 33% of the citrus fruits are processed for juice production; however, a great amount of wastes, including peels, segment membranes, and seeds are also produced. Indeed, citrus fruits consist of 45% juice, 26% pulp, 27% peels, and 2% seeds. Pruning, a cultural practice involving the removal of tree branches and limbs, was applied to improve fruit’s quality. A large amount of leaves are produced through pruning. These agri-food matrices contain a wide range of bioactive phytochemicals compared to fruits. The present review covers the past 5 years of research carried out in chemistry, health properties, and applications in food and nutraceutical industries of all portions of citrus fruit and its major bioactive compounds. Additionally, patents are also included.
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Alvim, Rodrigo Garcia, Elen de Lima Aguiar-Menezes i Aurino Florencio de Lima. "Dissemination of Aleurocanthus woglumi in citrus plants, its natural enemies and new host plants in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil". Ciência Rural 46, nr 11 (1.08.2016): 1891–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20151101.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
ABSTRACT: Aleurocanthus woglumi is an exotic pest, widely disseminated in Brazil, with a high preference for citrus plants, but with a polyphagous feeding habit. The contribution of the state of Rio de Janeiro in the Brazilian production of citrus fruits is small; however, there are still public policies that encourage citrus production in the state. In 2010, the appearance of this pest in Rio de Janeiro was confirmed in the municipality of Cachoeiras de Macacu. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the dissemination of A. woglumi in this state, conduct a survey of new species of host plants, identify and evaluate the population of natural enemies present at two orchards that grow 'Tahiti' limes ( Citrus latifolia ) infested by the pest in Cachoeiras de Macacu, RJ, Brazil. In 19 municipalities, leaves of citrus and other species of plants presenting aleyrodid nymphs were collected, and yellow sticky traps were installed to capture adults for subsequent identification. At the 'Tahiti' lime orchards, the leaf collections were done to confirm the species of Aleyrodidae , and regarding A. woglumi , the natural enemies associated with this pest were collected directly from the infested plants. The results showed that A. woglumi is wide-spread in 12 municipalities. Three new host plants for A. woglumi were identified: Artocarpus heterophyllus ( Moraceae ) , Pouteria caimito ( Sapotaceae ) and Struthanthus flexicaulis ( Loranthaceae ). In Cachoeiras de Macacu, a new species of parasitoid of A. woglumi nymphs was named: Encarsia pergandiella (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae ), while the insects in the Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) family have stood out as predators of this pest.
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Nurul Azmi Syahfitri, Nurul. "Digital Image Processing On Kaffir Orange Peel With Canny Edge Detection Algorithm". Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Engineering Applications (JAIEA) 3, nr 1 (5.10.2023): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.59934/jaiea.v3i1.317.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Object tracking is a form of application of computer vision. To be able to track an object, a stage is needed in the image processing process. Image Processing is a field related to the process of image transformation (image). The image processing process is carried out to obtain better image quality. The harvesting system in kaffir lime is done manually, by choosing fruits whose skin color is green, and not yellowish. Due to the small and asymmetrical size and shape of kaffir lime, manual harvesting systems are still widely used to maintain the quality and quantity of the harvest. In addition, the manual harvesting system can also avoid damage to kaffir lime trees and obtain optimally ripe kaffir limes. Kaffir lime also has genders like humans, namely males and females. In male kaffir lime there is a circle that is more prominent in size underneath, while female kaffir lime has a flat shape. However, for consumption and medicinal purposes both male and female kaffir lime can be used without affecting the taste or quality of the fruit. With the image processing to determine the level of wrinkles on quality kaffir lime peel, kaffir lime will be selected which is usually used for herbal medicines. In this case, the Canny Edge Detection algorithm can be used to identify density edges in kaffir lime peels. Thus, the degree of wrinkles in kaffir lime peel can be calculated and measured to be more accurate. And can be separated quality or non-quality kaffir lime with the image of kaffir lime that has been seen through the image. The results obtained in designing and analyzing the quality of kaffir lime are clearer and more accurate with an image resolution value of 248 x 216 that the orange is included in the female kaffir lime type.The results tested that the right edge detection method in carrying out the edge detection process in the image of kaffir lime peel is the Canny Edge Detection Algorithm. By using the image on the Canny Edge Detection Algorithm, more dense and quality kaffir lime results are obtained so that it can be used for herbal medicine.
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Chimlek, Pawat, i Sutasinee Jitanan. "Image-based lime size grading using the comparison ratio of the pixel radius and the actual size of lime fruit". Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 24, nr 1 (1.10.2021): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v24.i1.pp279-286.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Lime is a commercially important fruit in Thailand whose sale price depends on the fruit’s size; hence, farmers must grade limes by size before distribution. However, as lime grading machines are very expensive and each province has different size grading limits, grading is often performed manually, which is time-consuming and error-prone. Agricultural production systems for automatic selection and grading use image processing techniques for extracting key features. Therefore, this study proposes techniques to extract features of limes and to develop analytical methods for grading them. This method can reduce time and cost, and increase accuracy and flexibility for selecting different lime sizes according to each province’s size criteria. To verify our method, we classified limes according to criteria from four Thailand provinces as sample data in an experiment. The focal image feature was the radius or diameter of the lime and the grading conditions were defined by the maximum comparison ratio of the fruit’s radius in pixels to the measured radius of the actual lime in centimeters. The average grading accuracy was 99.59%, which outperformed that of mechanical grading. The processing time was 1.70 seconds per individual fruit.
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Mahawer, Ashok Kumar, Anil Kumar Dubey, Om Prakash Awasthi, Dinesh Singh, Anil Dahuja, Amitha Mithra Sevanthi, Amrender Kumar i in. "Elucidation of Physio-Biochemical Changes in Citrus spp. Incited by Xanthomonas citri pv. citri". Horticulturae 9, nr 3 (1.03.2023): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9030324.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
India is one of the leading citrus−producing countries, next to China and Brazil. Despite the sizeable production, especially of lemons and limes, India contributes meagerly to the world’s citrus market. Of the various factors responsible for the restricted quantum of citrus export, citrus canker (Xanthomonas citri pv. citri) is one of the leading serious causes and directly impacts the appearance of the fruits. Considering the extent of damage, the present study aimed to understand the impact of Xanthomonas citri pv. citri (Xcc) on the physio−biochemical responses in contrasting Citrus spp. Two genotypes, each of three citrus species, namely Citrus aurantifolia (Pusa Udit and ALC−35), C. limon (Kagzi Kalan and Konkan Seedless), and C. paradisi (Redblush and Marsh Seedless), were artificially inoculated with Xcc (108 to 109 cfu/ mL) by the pinprick method. The physio−biochemical changes in the host were evaluated after 48 h post inoculation (hpi). The chlorophyll content (total, a, and b) degradation and reduction in leaf gas exchange parameters, such as photosynthetic rate (A), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs), and intrinsic water−use efficiency (iWUE), were measured to a greater extent in susceptible than resistant genotypes. The microscopic observations also evidenced higher stomatal density with larger stomatal areas in susceptible genotypes, favoring the easier penetration of Xcc in host tissues than resistant species or genotypes. The higher activities of various antioxidant enzymes, viz., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and glutathione reductase (GR), the contents of soluble protein, and phenolics were measured in resistant genotypes in contrast to susceptible genotypes. The activities of phenyl ammonia lyase (PAL) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) were also higher in resistant genotypes, whilst the levels of ROS (superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide) production were enhanced in susceptible genotypes. Based on the host–pathogen interaction, the order of resistance in a descending manner was found as Kagzi Kalan, Marsh Seedless, Redblush, Konkan Seedless, Pusa Udit, and ALC−35. Further, the results will enhance the understanding of the pathogen mechanism during pathogenesis in resistant and susceptible Citrus species.
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Angami, Thejangulie, H. Kalita, Anup Chandra, Jitendra Kumar, Badapmain Makdoh, K. Suraj Singh i Letngam Touthang. "Augmenting the production and quality of Kiwifruit var. Allison through manual thinning and pruning". emergent Life Sciences Research 08, nr 02 (2022): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31783/elsr.2022.82150155.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
On well pollinated seven years old kiwifruit vines var. Allison, different hand thinning severities of fruitlets were executed under the Sub-tropical mid hill conditions. Among the different hand thinning treatments, thinning to retain two fruits and four fruits per fruiting shoot with regular winter pruning exhibited significantly higher fruit size of length (7.21 ± 0.02 cm, 7.13 ± 0.11 cm), breadth (5.35 ± 0.06 cm, 5.24 ± 0.09 cm) and average fruit weight (83.69 ± 1.44 g, 82.37 ± 0.53 cm). The fruit number per vine and total yield declined with an increase in the severity of thinning, whereas the control treatment (no thinning and pruning) exhibited the highest fruit number per vine (457.65 ± 1.09) and total yield (31.94 ± 1.47 kg). Though the maximum production was observed in control yet the yield of grade ‘A’ fruit was the least (8.88 ± 0.91 kg) resulting in the lowest net profit (Rs. 1240 per vine). Manual thinning by retaining six fruits per fruiting shoot yielded optimum thinning and the highest production of ‘A’ grade fruits (23.48 ± 2.62 kg) with the highest net profit (Rs. 2290 per vine) over other treatments. The experiment also vividly revealed that TSS, sugars, ascorbic acid content as well as pigments viz. likes total chlorophyll and carotenoids of fruits increased as the intensity of thinning was augmented.
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Schupp, J. R., S. I. Koller i W. D. Hosmer. "Testing a Power Duster for Pollination of `McIntosh' Apples". HortScience 32, nr 3 (czerwiec 1997): 473D—473. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.473d.
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This study was undertaken to test the efficacy of a power duster for supplemental pollination of `McIntosh' apple trees, where lack of nearby pollinizing cultivars was thought to be a limiting factor to productivity. The pollen duster was ineffective in increasing fruit set, fruit size, or seed number in fruits on limbs that were covered with spun-bonded rowcover material prior to bloom. Applying supplemental pollen to open-pollinated `McIntosh' trees had no effect on fruit set, yield, fruit size, or seed number, regardless of pollen dose, timing, or number of applications. Dispersal of supplemental pollen with a power duster appears to be an inefficient method of pollinating apple trees.
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Jaffery, Nur Shahafiqah Nadiah, Sharifah Nurafizah Syed Annuar i Joseph AlagiarajThambuRaj. "Research Proposal for Fruits and Vegetable Consumption and Intention to Consume: Attitude as a Mediator". Malaysian Journal of Business and Economics (MJBE) 6, nr 2 (25.03.2020): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/mjbe.v0i0.2206.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In Malaysia, the number of fruits and vegetable consumption is still below the exact recommendation by the Ministry of Health. YouTube is one of the social media platforms that has received minimal research related to consumer consumption behaviour. So far, there are limited studies can be found to measure YouTube advertising towards the intention to consume fruits and vegetables in Malaysia. Hence, this conceptual paper aims to identify the factors that affect consumers attitude to consume fruit and vegetables in YouTube advertising. Perceived credibility, perceived usefulness, perceived video characteristics, number of likes, views, comments and replies, and attitude towards consumers are predicted to have an impact on attitude towards consumers to eat fruit and vegetables. Tripartite Attitude Model is used to develop in the conceptual framework and is prepared in this study. This study hopes to contribute to the YouTube literature by identifying the factors that influencing fruit and vegetable consumption advertising and health marketing.
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Roper, Teryl R., Wayne H. Loescher, John Keller i Curt R. Rom. "Sources of Photosynthate for Fruit Growth in ‘Bing’ Sweet Cherry". Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 112, nr 5 (wrzesień 1987): 808–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.112.5.808.
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Abstract Source–sink relationships in sweet cherry were altered by girdling limbs both above and below fruiting spurs. Spurs isolated by girdling both above and below had lower total fruit weight per spur and lower weight per fruit then those above or below girdles. Fruit number per spur was not altered, but soluble solids and fruit color were lower in fruits from isolated spurs than fruit from spurs either above or below girdles. Fruit on spurs above girdles were generally highest in soluble solids and fruit color. These factors indicate fruit on isolated spurs also were delayed in maturity. Spurs below girdles were unaffected by girdling. Girdling had no effect on spur leaf net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, or fruit water loss rate. The results indicate that spur leaves alone do not have the capacity to support fruit growth in sweet cherry and must, therefore, be supplemented by photosynthates from other sources.
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Vernière, C., K. Vital, C. Boyer, O. Pruvost i B. A. Carter. "First Report of Sequence Type 1, Pathotype A Xanthomonas citri pv. citri from Lime and Lemon Fruit Originating from Bangladesh". Plant Disease 97, nr 6 (czerwiec 2013): 836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-12-1105-pdn.
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Asiatic canker caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. citri, a quarantine pest in several countries (including the European Union), strongly impacts both national citrus markets in tropical and subtropical areas and international trade. This bacterium induces erumpent, callus-like lesions often with a water-soaked margin in a wide range of citrus species causing premature fruit drop and twig dieback. Long distance dispersal is mainly through infected propagative material and the role of fruit is still debated. During inspection of imported limes (C. aurantifolia) and lemons (C. limon) from Bangladesh from 2006 to 2009, canker-like infected fruits were intercepted by the UK plant health service. Typical corky lesions were surface sterilized and comminuted in 0.1% peptone solution. Suspensions were plated onto nutrient dextrose (ND) and yeast dextrose chalk (YDC) plates for bacterial isolation. After incubation for 3 to 7 days at 25°C, typical Xanthomonas-like yellow colonies were purified for identification. Identification of 18 isolates as Xanthomonas was carried out initially by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis. Identification at the species level (X. citri) was completed by sequencing of the gyrase B gene (4). PCR (3) was used to confirm the identity of these isolates using X. citri pv. citri CFBP 2525 as the positive control and distilled water as the negative control. The expected DNA fragment was only obtained from all of the bacterial isolates using primer pair 4/7 (3). Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of four housekeeping genes (atpD, dnaK, efp, and gyrB) identified isolates from Bangladesh as two sequence types of X. citri pv. citri, ST1 (n = 5; GenBank Accession Nos. FJ376118, FJ376168, FJ376216, and FJ376251) and ST2 (n = 13; EU333904, EU333907, EU333910, and FJ376357), but not as any other xanthomonad pathogenic to citrus (2). Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of all X. citri pv. citri isolates from Bangladesh and additional reference isolates from pathotype A, A*, Aw and X. citri pv. aurantifolii (2) using Sac I/Msp I and four primer pairs (unlabelled MspI + 1 (A, C, T, or G) primers and 5′-labeled – SacI + C primer for the selective amplification step) confirmed identification as X. citri pv. citri. All five ST1 isolates grouped as a single cluster by AFLP, although not strongly supported by bootstrap analysis. Evolutionary genome divergences (EGD) computed from AFLP data ranged from 0.0000 to 0.0097 (median EGD 0.0055) suggested a relatively wide diversity within isolates originating from Bangladesh (median EGD from a worldwide pathotype A collection [n = 73] 0.0028) (2). When inoculated to Mexican lime SRA 140 and grapefruit cv. Duncan using a detached leaf assay (2), all the Bangladesh isolates produced typical extensive canker lesions on both species whereas the negative control (10 mM Tris buffer pH 7.2) did not, and Koch's postulates were fulfilled. To our knowledge, this is the first report of pathotype A assigned to ST1 by MLSA. All strains previously assigned to ST1 displayed a narrow host range (pathotype A*) (2). Our results further identify the Indian subcontinent as an area of relatively wide genetic diversity of X. citri pv. citri (1). References: (1) L. Bui Thi Ngoc et al. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75:1173, 2009. (2) L. Bui Thi Ngoc et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 60:515, 2010. (3) J. S. Hartung et al. Phytopathology 86:95, 1996. (4) N. Parkinson et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 57:2881, 2007.
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Nikumbhe, Prashant, P. R. Meghwal, Om Prakash Meena, Pramendra i Hari Mohan Meena. "Performance of Apple ber on different training systems in hot arid condition". Journal of Horticultural Sciences 18, nr 1 (30.06.2023): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2147.
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Ber is an indigenous and common fruit of India. It is commercially grown under wide climatic and soil conditions. Apple ber (Zizyphus jujube Mill) cultivar is gaining momentum in sub-tropical and tropical climatic conditions of West Bengal, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Gujarat and in several northern parts of India. It is precocious in bearing habit with bold and crispy fruits. Many factors including training practices affect vegetative and fruit quality parameters. Due to bolder and heavier fruits, the cultivar is prone for limbs breakage or complete tilting of plants which results in uneven fruiting, reduced fruit set, and higher fruit drop. Considering its appealing fruit taste and quality and to address the above mentioned issues, different training systems were evaluated to see its performance on three to four years old apple ber orchards. Plants were trained on different training systems viz. Y-Shape, Espalier training system and control. Observations were recorded on vegetative and fruit quality parameters. Training systems significantly influenced various vegetative, yield and fruit quality parameters. Vegetative parameters such as leaf area, physical and quality attributes viz., fruit weight and size, TSS, ascorbic acid, yield, and B: C ratio were better in Y-Shape training system. Hence, Y- Shape training system can be adopted to improve yield and fruit quality parameters in Apple ber.
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Ernani, Paulo Roberto, Jaques Dias, Cassandro Vidal Talamini do Amarante, Diorvânia Cardoso Ribeiro i Douglas Antonio Rogeri. "Preharvest calcium sprays were not always needed to improve quality of 'gala' apples in Brazil". Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 30, nr 4 (grudzień 2008): 892–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452008000400009.
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Calcium sprays have normally improved both the quality and the storage life of apples throughout the world because Ca helps to prevent many fruit disorders and that taken up from the soil does not often reach the fruit in adequate amounts. Since the efficacy of Ca sprays varies according to soil, apple cultivar, and weather conditions, this study was carried out from 1998 to 2004, in the Southern of Brazil, in order to assess the effect of Ca sprays on the quality and storability of 'Gala' fruits. The experiment was set up in an orchard planted in 1988, on a density of 1234 trees/ha. Treatments consisted of 0, 4, 8, and 12 annual sprays of 0.5% CaCl2 regularly distributed 30 days after petal fall until one week before harvest. Fruits of the same size and maturity level were annually analyzed at harvest and after five months of conventional cold storage (-1ºC and 90-95% of RH). In five out of six seasons, fruits from all treatments were free of any physiological disorder, and Ca sprays had no effect on leaf composition and on any fruit attribute (soluble solids, titratable acidity, starch pattern index, flesh firmness, and concentrations of N, K, Ca and Mg). In the season of 2000/2001, however, when yield was 18 t ha-1 and fruits had an average weight of 175 g, the incidence of bitter pit plus lenticel blotch pit on stored fruits was 24% in the treatment with no calcium sprays and it decreased up to 2% in that with 12 sprays. Two seasons later, yield was also low (25 t ha-1) and fruits were large (168 g each), but they did not show any physiological disorder regardless of the number of Ca sprays. It seems that the incidence of Ca related disorders in 'Gala' apples grown on limed soils in Brazil with no excess of any nutrient only occurs on seasons with low crop yield, as a result of large fruits and a high leaf/fruit ratio, associated with some unknown environmental conditions.
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Ernani, Paulo Roberto, Jaques Dias, Cassandro Vidal Amarante i Diorvania Ribieiro. "(331) In Brazil, Preharvest Calcium Sprays Were Not Always Needed to Improve Fruit Quality of `Gala' Apples". HortScience 40, nr 4 (lipiec 2005): 1066B—1066. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1066b.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Calcium sprays have improved quality and storage life of apples throughout the world as a result of Ca prevention of many fruit physiological disorders. The efficacy of Ca sprays, however, varies according to soil, cultivar/rootstock, orchard cultural practices, and weather conditions. This study was carried out from 1998 to 2004 in southern Brazil in order to assess the effect of Ca sprays on quality of `Gala' fruits in an orchard planted in 1988 on a density of 1234 trees/ha. Treatments consisted of 0, 4, 8, and 12 sprays of 0.5% CaCl2. Fruits of same size and maturity level were annually analyzed at harvest and after 5 months of cold storage. In five out of six seasons, fruits from all treatments were free of any physiological disorder, and Ca sprays had no effect on leaf composition and on fruit quality attributes (soluble solids, acidity, starch pattern index, flesh firmness, and concentrations of N, K, Ca, and Mg). In the 2000–01 season, however, when yield was 18 t·ha-1 and fruits had an average weight of 175 g, the incidence of bitter pit plus lenticel blotch pit on stored fruits decreased from 24% in the treatment with no calcium to 2% in that with 12 calcium sprays. Two seasons later, yield was also light (25 t·ha-1) and fruits were big in size (168 g), but they did not show any disorders regardless of Ca sprays. It seems that the incidence of Ca related disorders in `Gala' apples grown on limed soils in Brazil only occurs in seasons with a light crop load as a result of large fruits and a high leaf/fruit ratio, associated with some unknown climatic factor.
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Núñez-Elisea, R., J. H. Crane i M. L. Caldeira. "473 Effect of Panicle Pruning and Bioregulators on Fruit Size in `Kohala' Longan". HortScience 35, nr 3 (czerwiec 2000): 475D—475. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.475d.
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Panicles of `Kohala' longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) trees often retain more than 250 fruit, which results in small fruit (<10 g) of reduced market value. During 1997 and 1998, we conducted experiments to increase fruit size in commercial groves. Trees flowered and fruited normally in 1997, but very scarcely and late in 1998. In 1997, treatments consisted of panicle pruning (clipping off half of the panicle) and/or removal of entire panicles (50% per tree) when young fruits were 5 or 10 mm in diameter. Control trees were left intact. The number of fruit per panicle varied greatly within trees. Panicles (pruned or intact) with <125 fruit generally developed fruit >15 g (32–33 mm equatorial diameter). Total soluble solid content of mature fruit generally decreased with increasing fruit size. Removing whole panicles did not increase average fruit size in remaining intact panicles, suggesting that panicles were fed primarily by leaves within the same branch. In 1998, treatments consisted of applications of GA3 and/or CPPU (a synthetic cytokinin) when fruits were 6 to 9 mm in diameter. Panicles were not pruned since they generally had <150 fruit. Control panicles were not sprayed. There was no consistent effect of treatments on average fruit weight, and no treatment significantly increased fruit size in relation to controls. These preliminary results indicate that other factors besides current fruit set, such as previous fruit load of a branch, branch position (exposure to sunlight and/or wind, and proximity to major limbs), and the amount/age of leaves, may influence the fruiting potential of individual branches.
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Chang, L. S., A. F. Iezzoni i J. A. Flore. "Yield Components in ‘Montmorency’ and ‘Meteor’ Sour Cherry". Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 112, nr 2 (marzec 1987): 247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.112.2.247.
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Abstract Two sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) cultivars ‘Montmorency’ and ‘Meteor’ were evaluated over two seasons to determine the relative importance of different components of yield. A path coefficient analysis was performed to determine the direct and indirect effects of primary, secondary, and tertiary components on limb yield. Fruit number, fruit weight, the number of lateral buds and spurs, and fruit set were found to be the most important components affecting limb yield in both cultivars. However, the fruiting habits of the two cultivars were significantly different. ‘Montmorency’ produced 68% of its fruit on lateral buds on 1-year-old wood, while ‘Meteor’ had 70% of its fruit on 2-year-old spurs. When the data were standardized by dividing by limb cross-sectional area, ‘Meteor’ had a higher flower bud density (number of flowers/cm2) and yield efficiency (grams of fruits/cm2) than ‘Montmorency’. Although ‘Meteor’ had higher limb yields than ‘Montmorency’, the ‘Montmorency’ trees sampled had about four times more limbs than ‘Meteor’, and, therefore, higher tree yields.
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Peterson, D. L. "Harvest Mechanization Progress and Prospects for Fresh Market Quality Deciduous Tree Fruits". HortTechnology 15, nr 1 (styczeń 2005): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.15.1.0072.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Deciduous tree fruit crops such as apple (Malus domestica), peach (Prunus persica), and sweet cherry (Prunus avium) are not mechanically harvested for the fresh market. Attempts to mechanically harvest these fruits by mass removal techniques have not been successful due to excessive fruit damage caused during detachment, fall through the canopy, and collection. Robotic harvesters have not been commercially accepted due to insufficient fruit recovery. A U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) harvesting concept shows promise for harvesting both fresh market quality apples and sweet cherries. Successful mechanical harvesting of fresh market quality deciduous tree fruit will only occur when plant characteristics and machine designs are integrated into a compatible system. Cultivar characteristics that would facilitate machine harvesting are uniform fruit maturity at harvest, firm fruit that are resistant to mechanical damage, and compact growth habit that produces fruit in narrow canopies and on short/stiff limbs. Engineers must develop new detachment principles that minimize the energy input to effect fruit detachment, and develop durable energy-absorbing catching surfaces/conveyors to eliminate damage during collection of the fruit. As technology advances, sorting and sizing systems might be developed that can be operating on the harvester to eliminate culls in the field and deliver only fresh market quality fruit to the packers.
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Schechter, Ido, J. T. A. Proctor i D. C. Elfving. "Apple Fruit Removal and Limb Girdling Affect Fruit and Leaf Characteristics". Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 119, nr 2 (marzec 1994): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.119.2.157.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Mature apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) were studied in 1989 and 1990 to explore the effect of crop load on fruit dry weight (DW), dry-matter concentration (DMC), specific leaf area (SLA), and leaf C exchange, using girdled (G) and nongirdled (NG) limbs. Fruit DW and DMC decreased with heavier fruit loads. Fruit on G limbs had higher fruit DW and DMC than on NG limbs. SLA on NG limbs was unaffected by crop load, but increased dramatically on G limbs with a crop load of less than one fruit per square centimeter limb cross-sectional area. These leaves also had a low photosynthetic rate, high stomatal resistance, and high internal CO2 concentration. The results do not support the concept of feedback inhibition of photosynthesis and demonstrate specific circumstances in which the capacity of sinks to use assimilates was saturated. Exceeding this limit by significantly reducing sink strength resulted in excessive carbohydrate accumulation in leaves. Nutrient levels in leaves on G, nonfruiting limbs were generally lower than for the other treatments.
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Castro, Alfredo. "Performance Evaluation of Manually-Operated Gmelina Fruit Mechanical Depulping Machine". Philippine Journal of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering 19, nr 1 (30.06.2023): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.48196/019.01.2023.03.
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Gmelina tree has been used in revegetation program of the government and for production and utilization of quality wood, structural lumber, plywood, agricultural implements, furniture and even artificial limbs. The fastest way to grow seedlings is through the seeds that can be found in its fruits done by trampling with feet or setting the fruits on the concrete road, run over by vehicle tires. The purpose of these research was to evaluate the performance of the developed utility model for gmelina depulping for community utilization to maximize seeds retrieval, reduce time wastage and provide safety to children of farmers commonly assigned to gather and retrieve seeds in the roadside. Gmelina depulper with Utility Model IPOPhil registration no. 2-2016000797 was fabricated and utilized in the study. Fresh Gmelina fruits, soaked fruits for one (1), two (2), and three (3) days in water were used as materials in the evaluation of the depulping machine. Test trials using 20 fruits/trial and average of 25 seconds test duration per trial revealed that the depulping machine input capacity was 43-50 fruits/minute and recovery rate of 87%. There was no significant difference on depulping capacity and recovery rate with fresh fruit and soaking it for 3 days before depulping. The production cost of one unit was Php. 9,275.00 which could be recovered using 1,855 seedlings sold at Php 5.00 each. It was recommended to depulped gmelina fruits without soaking, fabrication of unit with bigger hopper intended for large gmelina fruits size to increase recovery rate and reduce the percentage of damaged seeds.
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Sumarsid, Sumarsid. "Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Sikap terhadap Konsumsi Buah dan Sayuran di YouTube: Kerangka Konseptual". Labs: Jurnal Bisnis dan Manajemen 28, nr 4 (8.06.2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.57134/labs.v28i4.50.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Social media and communication equipment continues to grow at an exponential rate as technology advances rapidly. One of them is YouTube, a public video sharing site that allows people to experience various levels of involvement in videos ranging from casual watching to sharing with one another and maintaining social relationships. The study examines the attitudes of participants towards eating fruit and vegetables in Jakarta on the basis of their consumption of fruits and vegetables. YouTube advertising is included in this study; perceived credibility, perceived usefulness, perceived video characteristics, number of views, comments, likes and replies, and attitudes of university students. As a basis for explaining the specificities of brain, Affective and Concentration, The Tripartite Approach Model is adapted. This is to help students in Jakarta gain a better understanding of their attitude and consumption of fruits and vegetables. This concept paper contributes to the studies of YouTube in unprofitable settings by means of a theory approach.