Artykuły w czasopismach: „Limbs”

1

Page, Keri Lee. "Limbs in limbo: the problem of targeting". Physiology News, Spring 2003 (1.04.2003): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36866/pn.50.12.

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Pagano, Christopher C., i Michael T. Turvey. "Eigenvectors of the Inertia Tensor and Perceiving the Orientations of Limbs and Objects". Journal of Applied Biomechanics 14, nr 4 (listopad 1998): 331–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.14.4.331.

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We report several experiments directed at the ability of humans to perceive the spatial orientation of occluded objects, to position an occluded limb relative to targets or directions in the environment, and to match the spatial orientations of occluded contralateral limbs. Results suggest that each of these abilities is lied to the inertial eigenvectors of each object or limb, which correspond to the object's or limb's principal axes of rotational inertia. Discussion focuses on the dynamic nature of proprioception, the importance of physical invariants for perception, and the relation of invariants to hypothesized frames of reference for proprioception and motor control. It is suggested that the detection of invariants revealed through movement is a major mechanism in kinesthetic perception involving intact limbs, neuropathic or anesthetized limbs, prosthetic devices, and hand-held tools and implements. The inertia tensor is identified as one such invariant.

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Arudchelvam, J. "Outcome after revascularisation of marginally viable limbs and dead limbs following lower limb arterial injuries". Ceylon Medical Journal 62, nr 3 (25.09.2017): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/cmj.v62i3.8526.

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Millonig, Alban. "Phantom limbs – Or phantoms of phantom limbs?" Cortex 47, nr 9 (październik 2011): 1063–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2010.12.004.

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Ricchiute, David. "Indifferent Limbs". Massachusetts Review 62, nr 3 (2021): 539–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mar.2021.0115.

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Chai, Khoo Boo. "LOWER LIMBS". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 109, nr 1 (styczeń 2002): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-200201000-00090.

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Melzack, Ronald. "Phantom Limbs". Scientific American 16, nr 3s (wrzesień 2006): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0906-52sp.

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Agbenyega, Jonathan. "Growing limbs". Materials Today 14, nr 5 (maj 2011): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1369-7021(11)70106-7.

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Melzack, Ronald. "Phantom Limbs". Scientific American 266, nr 4 (kwiecień 1992): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0492-120.

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Dagosto, Marian. "Owen’s Limbs". Journal of Mammalian Evolution 16, nr 2 (7.10.2008): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10914-008-9100-z.

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Baa, Jeneeta, i R. K. Behera. "LIFE WITHOUT LIMBS: TETRA-AMELIA". International Journal of Anatomy and Research 6, nr 4.1 (10.10.2018): 5733–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2018.327.

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Singh, Amit Kumar, Robin Man Karmacharya, Satish Vaidya i Pratima Thapa. "Quantification of Superficial Venous Reflux by Duplex Ultrasound - Role of Peak Reflux Velocity and Reflux Time in the Assessment of Varicose Vein". Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 18, nr 3 (14.11.2020): 442–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v18i3.2558.

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Background: The study compared the peak reflux velocity and reflux time in cases of varicose veins and non-varicose veins with a focus on quantifying the reflux parameters. Methods: This is a hospital based observational comparative study. The limbs with CEAP Clinical classification of C2 or more were taken as diseased limbs and contra-lateral limbs with no symptoms or disease were taken as control limbs. Results: Altogether 792 limbs (452 diseased limbs and 340 control limbs) were evaluated with color duplex. Mean Great Saphenous Vein diameter was 5.68 ± 2.07 mm and 4.00 ± 1.34mmin diseased limbs and control limbs respectively (p=0.0001). Mean sapheno-femoral junction diameter was 8.23 ± 2.64 mm and 6.16 ± 1.93 mm in diseased limbs and control limbs respectively (p=0.0001). Mean peak reflux velocity in diseased limbs was significantly higher than control limbs (77.38 cm/sec vs 7.95 cm/sec; p=0.0001). Similarly mean reflux time was significantly longer in diseased limbs than non-diseased limb (406.58ms and 67.28 ms respectively; p=0.0001). An optimal cut-off point of 27.4 cm/s for peak reflux velocity and 250 ms for the reflux time at Sapheno-Femoral junction had a discriminatory power between the two groups. Conclusion: The quantification of peak reflux velocity seems to be more consistent than reflux time in determining the superficial venous reflux. An optimal peak reflux velocity cut off point of 27.4 cm/sec has the discriminatory power between diseased and non-diseased limb. Keywords: Peak reflux velocity; reflux time; superficial venous insufficiency; ultrasound color duplex; varicose veins

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De Maeseneer, M. G., I. F. Tielliu, P. E. Van Schil, S. G. De Hert i E. J. Eyskens. "Clinical Relevance of Neovascularisation on Duplex Ultrasound in the Long-Term Follow-up after Varicose Vein Operation". Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 14, nr 3 (wrzesień 1999): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026835559901400306.

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Objective: To evaluate the clinical relevance of neovascularisation at the saphenous ligation site. Design: Long-term follow-up after previous varicose vein surgery in a single patient group. Setting: Vascular clinic of a university hospital. Patients: Eighty-two patients (106 limbs) with a mean follow-up period of 56 months after correct saphenous ligation were submitted to duplex scanning. Intervention: Clinical assessment and colour duplex scanning of all the operated limbs. Reintervention in 15 limbs with perioperative evaluation of recurrent veins. Main outcome measures: Limbs with and without recurrent varicose veins were classified according to the degree of neovascularisation: grade 0 = no new communicating veins, grade 1 = tiny new vein with diameter <4 mm, grade 2 = new communicating vein with diameter >4 mm and pathological reflux. On reintervention the presence of neovascular veins at the site of the previous ligation was checked. Results: In 68 limbs without recurrent varicose veins, grade 0 was observed in 50 limbs (74%), grade 1 in 12 limbs (18%) and grade 2 in six limbs (9%). In 38 limbs with recurrent varicose veins, grade 0 was diagnosed in eight limbs (21%), grade 1 in four limbs (11%) and grade 2 in 26 limbs (68%). In 15 limbs with recurrent varicose veins and grade 2 neovascularisation, reintervention confirmed the duplex findings. Conclusions: The presence of grade 2 neovascularisation was associated with the recurrence of varicose veins, suggesting a causal relationship.

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Noorda, E. M., B. C. Vrouenraets, O. E. Nieweg, A. N. Geel, A. M. Eggermont i B. B. Kroon. "Isolated limb perfusion for unresectable melanoma of the limbs". Annals of Surgical Oncology 11, S2 (luty 2004): S59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02523996.

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Lerner, Alexander, Batia Yaffe i Michael Soudry. "Functional limb salvage in severe war injuries to limbs". European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology 20, nr 5 (24.12.2009): 381–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00590-009-0571-2.

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16

Lu, Mingshu, Xiangbin Qi, Jingpeng Bi i Yunhui Li. "Impact of the Post-Thrombotic Syndrome on the Arterial Wall of the Lower Limbs". Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis 28 (styczeń 2022): 107602962211174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10760296221117473.

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Objective Deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs is a common disease in vascular surgery. Approximately 20–50% of deep vein thrombosis patients develop post-thrombotic syndrome, which can severely affect the patient's quality of life. However, the precise science of the pathophysiology of the progression of the post-thrombotic syndrome remains unclear. Studies have demonstrated that patients with post-thrombotic syndrome of the lower limbs have impaired arterial wall endothelial function. Nevertheless, there is little research on the different impacts of post-thrombotic syndrome on the arterial wall endothelial function between the affected limbs and the healthy limbs. This study aims to assess this difference. Methods A total of 60 patients treated for the post-thrombotic syndrome of the lower limbs were included. The flow-mediated dilation (FMD%) and nitroglycerin-mediated dilation (NMD%) were measured to assess the different endothelial function alterations of the common femoral arterial wall between the affected limb and the healthy limb. Results No significant differences in the common femoral artery diameter between the affected limbs and the healthy limbs were discovered (8.94 ± 0.92 mm vs 8.75 ± 1.0 mm, P = 0.710). The flow-mediated dilation of the common femoral artery of the affected limbs were significantly lower compared to the healthy limbs (FMD%: 3.21 ± 1.07% vs 5.19 ± 1.35%, P = 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the nitroglycerin-mediated dilation of the common femoral artery between the affected limbs and the healthy limbs（ NMD%: 13.37 ± 1.78% versus 14.45 ± 2.14%, P = 0.083). Conclusions Our results demonstrated the association between post-thrombotic syndrome and deteriorated endothelial functional properties of the arterial wall of the lower limbs. Endothelial dysfunction of the arteries wall was more severe in the affected lower limbs with the post-thrombotic syndrome than in the healthy limbs. The mentioned findings may partly explain the pathophysiology of the progression post-thrombotic syndrome of the lower limbs. Highlights tudies have demonstrated that patients with post-thrombotic syndrome of the lower limbs have impaired arterial wall endothelial function. Our results demonstrated the endothelial dysfunction of the arteries wall was more severe in the affected lower limbs with the post-thrombotic syndrome than in the healthy limbs. Our findings may partly explain the pathophysiology of the progression post-thrombotic syndrome of the lower limbs.

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17

Larner, Andrew. "Supernumerary phantom limbs". Advances in Clinical Neuroscience & Rehabilitation 20, nr 1 (grudzień 2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47795/gtwc4999.

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Silas Weir Mitchell (1829-1914), justly regarded as one of the founding fathers of neurology, published accounts of phantom limbs in the 1860s and 1870s,1 around the time that neurology was emerging as an independent clinical discipline (although earlier accounts of phantom limbs are recognised2). Phantom limbs are most often observed in the context of amputation, but reports of extra limbs occurring without amputation have also appeared. Two brief cases are presented here to illustrate the clinical heterogeneity of the supernumerary limb, the possible pathophysiology of which is briefly considered.

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Maertens de Noordhout, B., L. Pirnay i A. de Brogniez. "Early Fitting of Artificial Limbs to Amputated Lower Limbs". Acta Chirurgica Belgica 104, nr 4 (styczeń 2004): 393–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00015458.2004.11679580.

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Moallem, S. A., i B. F. Hales. "The role of p53 and cell death by apoptosis and necrosis in 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide-induced limb malformations". Development 125, nr 16 (15.08.1998): 3225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.125.16.3225.

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The exposure of embryonic murine limbs in vitro to an activated analog of cyclophosphamide, 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4OOH-CPA), induced limb malformations and apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the tumor suppressor/cell cycle checkpoint gene, p53, and of cell cycle arrest in the response of the limbs to cyclophosphamide. Limbs, excised on day 12 of gestation from wild-type, heterozygous or homozygous p53-knockout transgenic murine embryos, were treated with vehicle (water) or 4OOH-CPA (0.3, 1.0 or 3.0 microgram/ml) and cultured for 6 days. Exposure of wild-type (+/+) limbs to 4OOH-CPA resulted in limb malformations, and reduced limb areas and developmental scores. The homozygous (−/−) limbs were dramatically more sensitive to the effects of 4OOH-CPA, as assessed by limb morphology, area and score. Heterozygous limbs exposed to the drug were intermediate for each parameter. Apoptosis, as assessed by the formation of a DNA ladder, was increased in drug-exposed wild-type limbs, but not in the drug-exposed homozygous limbs. Light and electron microscopy examination of the limbs revealed that drug treatment of wild-type limbs induced the morphological changes typical of apoptosis, particularly in the interdigital regions. In contrast, there was no evidence of apoptosis in homozygous limbs exposed to 4-OOH-CPA; morphological characteristics of necrosis such as cell membrane breakdown, mitochondrial swelling and cellular disintegration were evident throughout these limbs. Heterozygous limbs had cells dying with the characteristics of both apoptosis and necrosis. Fragments of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase characteristic of necrosis predominated in the drug-treated heterozygous and homozygous limbs. 4-OOH-CPA-treatment of limbs from wild-type embryos led to arrest of the cell cycle at the G1/S phase. No cell cycle arrest was observed after drug treatment of homozygous limbs, in which populations of cells in S and G2/M phases, as well as a population of sub G1 cells, were found. Thus, the presence of p53 and of p53-dependent apoptosis protect organogenesis-stage limbs from insult with a teratogen. The absence of p53 may decrease DNA repair capacity and contribute to the accumulation of DNA damage in limb cells and their daughter cells; the failure of apoptosis to eliminate cells with DNA damage may result in increased cell death by necrosis and major limb malformations.

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20

De Maeseneer, M. G., K. P. Ongena, F. Van den Brande, P. E. Van Schil, S. G. De Hert i E. J. Eyskens. "Duplex Ultrasound Assessment of Neovascularization after Saphenofemoral or Sapheno-Popliteal Junction Ligation". Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 12, nr 2 (czerwiec 1997): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026835559701200205.

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Objective: Evaluation of neovascularization at the saphenous ligation site as a cause of recurrent varicose veins. Design: Prospective duplex study of a single patient group. Setting: Vascular clinic of a University Hospital. Patients: 131 patients (177 limbs) were evaluated 2 and 12 months after varicose vein surgery. Intervention: Clinical assessment and colour duplex scanning of operated limbs. Main outcome measures: Limbs were classified according to the degree of neovascularization: grade 0 = no new communicating vein, grade 1 = new communicating vein with diameter <4 mm, and grade 2 = new communicating vein with diameter >4 mm and pathological reflux. Results: Two months postoperatively, grade 0 was observed in 173 limbs (98%) and grade 1 in four limbs (2%). Twelve months postoperatively, 152 limbs (86%) scored grade 0, 16 limbs (9%) grade 1 and nine limbs (5%) grade 2. Conclusions: After correctly performed previous surgery, neovascularization of varying degree may occur within 1 year, as can be demonstrated on postoperative duplex examination.

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Huang, Helen J., i Daniel P. Ferris. "Neural coupling between upper and lower limbs during recumbent stepping". Journal of Applied Physiology 97, nr 4 (październik 2004): 1299–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01350.2003.

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During gait rehabilitation, therapists or robotic devices often supply physical assistance to a patient's lower limbs to aid stepping. The expensive equipment and intensive manual labor required for these therapies limit their availability to patients. One alternative solution is to design devices where patients could use their upper limbs to provide physical assistance to their lower limbs (i.e., self-assistance). To explore potential neural effects of coupling upper and lower limbs, we investigated neuromuscular recruitment during self-driven and externally driven lower limb motion. Healthy subjects exercised on a recumbent stepper using different combinations of upper and lower limb exertions. The recumbent stepper mechanically coupled the upper and lower limbs, allowing users to drive the stepping motion with upper and/or lower limbs. We instructed subjects to step with 1) active upper and lower limbs at an easy resistance level (active arms and legs); 2) active upper limbs and relaxed lower limbs at easy, medium, and hard resistance levels (self-driven); and 3) relaxed upper and lower limbs while another person drove the stepping motion (externally driven). We recorded surface electromyography (EMG) from six lower limb muscles. Self-driven EMG amplitudes were always higher than externally driven EMG amplitudes ( P < 0.05). As resistance and upper limb exertion increased, self-driven EMG amplitudes also increased. EMG bursts during self-driven and active arms and legs stepping occurred at similar times. These results indicate that active upper limb movement increases neuromuscular activation of the lower limbs during cyclic stepping motions. Neurologically impaired humans that actively engage their upper limbs during gait rehabilitation may increase neuromuscular activation and enhance activity-dependent plasticity.

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Makimoto, Atsushi, Yoko Sano, Satoru Hashizume, Akihiko Murai, Yoshiyuki Kobayashi, Hiroshi Takemura i Hiroaki Hobara. "Ground Reaction Forces During Sprinting in Unilateral Transfemoral Amputees". Journal of Applied Biomechanics 33, nr 6 (1.12.2017): 406–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2017-0008.

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Understanding the characteristics of ground reaction forces (GRFs) on both limbs during sprinting in unilateral amputees wearing running-specific prostheses would provide important information that could be utilized in the evaluation of athletic performance and development of training methods in this population. The purpose of this study was to compare GRFs between intact and prosthetic limbs during sprinting in unilateral transfemoral amputees wearing running-specific prostheses. Nine sprinters with unilateral transfemoral amputation wearing the same type of prosthesis performed maximal sprinting on a 40-m runway. GRFs were recorded from 7 force plates placed in the center of the runway. Peak forces and impulses of the GRFs in each direction were compared between limbs. Peak forces in vertical, braking, propulsive, and medial directions were significantly greater in intact limbs than those in prosthetic limbs, whereas there were no significant differences in peak lateral force between limbs. Further, significantly less braking impulses were observed in prosthetic limbs than in intact limbs; however, the other measured impulses were not different between limbs. Therefore, the results of the present study suggest that limb-specific rehabilitation and training strategies should be developed for transfemoral amputees wearing running-specific prostheses.

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Ilnicka, Lidia, Zbigniew Trzaskoma, Ida Wiszomirska, Andrzej Wit i Michał Wychowański. "Lower limb laterality versus foot structure in men and women". Biomedical Human Kinetics 5, nr 1 (2.11.2013): 28–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bhk-2013-0006.

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Abstract Study aim: The aim of the study was to determine connections between the functional asymmetry of limbs and the morphological asymmetry of feet. Material and methods: The study population consisted of 56 students: 30 females (mean age 20.29 ± 0.59 years) and 26 males (mean age 20.41 ± 0.78 years). The measurements of body build were taken with classical instruments. Body build was assessed on the basis of body height, body mass, and BMI. Seven features of the foot and 8 indices of foot arches were assessed. Assessment of laterality in upper and lower limbs was conducted on the basis of data from repeated interviews, and then verified with simple motor tests that imitated characteristic functions of the limbs. Asymmetry indices were calculated in order to determine asymmetries of the features. Mollison’s index was applied to assess dimorphic differences. Results: Features that were statistically different in the foot of the dominant limb and in the foot of the non-dominant limb were: among the group of females, the foot length without hindfoot, and the Clarke’s angle; among the group of males - the foot length without toes. Analyses of results of this study do not allow for a claim that laterality of lower extremities has a considerable impact on indices of longitudinal and transverse foot arches. Conclusions: The following conclusions were formulated on the basis of the conducted analysis regarding the group of subjects with homogeneous right laterality: - in females, the dominant limb’s foot is characterized by a shorter bone arm lever for dorsiflexors; - in males, the dominant limb’s foot is characterized by a shorter bone arm lever for plantaflexors.

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Neri, Peter. "Wholes and subparts in visual processing of human agency". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276, nr 1658 (2.12.2008): 861–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.1363.

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The human visual system is remarkably sensitive to stimuli conveying actions, for example the fighting action between two agents. A central unresolved question is whether each agent is processed as a whole in one stage, or as subparts (e.g. limbs) that are assembled into an agent at a later stage. We measured the perceptual impact of perturbing an agent either by scrambling individual limbs while leaving the relationship between limbs unaffected or conversely by scrambling the relationship between limbs while leaving individual limbs unaffected. Our measurements differed for the two conditions, providing conclusive evidence against a one-stage model. The results were instead consistent with a two-stage processing pathway: an early bottom-up stage where local motion signals are integrated to reconstruct individual limbs (arms and legs), and a subsequent top-down stage where limbs are combined to represent whole agents.

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Malyuk, E. A. "STRUCTURAL CHANGES OF SKIN LIMBS OF LIMBS IN LOCAL COOLING ON THE BACKGROUND OF ANTIOXIDANT INTRODUCTION". Amur Medical Journal, nr 3 (2017): 52–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22448/amj.2017.3.52-53.

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Baek, Ahreum, Ji Cheol Shin, Min-Young Lee, Sung Hoon Kim, Jiyong Kim i Sung-Rae Cho. "Parasympathetic Effect Induces Cell Cycle Activation in Upper Limbs of Paraplegic Patients with Spinal Cord Injury". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, nr 23 (27.11.2019): 5982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20235982.

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The present study aimed to investigate gene expression changes related to cell cycle activation in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and to further evaluate the difference between the upper and lower limbs of SCI patients. Fibroblasts were obtained from the upper and lower limbs of SCI patients and healthy subjects. To investigate gene expression profiling in the fibroblasts from SCI patients compared to the healthy subjects, RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis was performed. To validate the parasympathetic effects on cell cycle activation, fibroblasts from upper or lower limbs of SCI patients were treated with the anticholinergic agents tiotropium or acetylcholine, and quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot were conducted. Cell proliferation was significantly increased in the upper limbs of SCI patients compared with the lower limbs of SCI patients and healthy subjects. The pathway and genes involved in cell cycle were identified by RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis. Expression of cell-cycle-related genes CCNB1, CCNB2, PLK1, BUB1, and CDC20 were significantly higher in the upper limbs of SCI patients compared with the lower limbs of SCI patients and healthy subjects. When the fibroblasts were treated with tiotropium the upper limbs and acetylcholine in the lower limbs, the expression of cell-cycle-related genes and cell proliferation were significantly modulated. This study provided the insight that cell proliferation and cell cycle activation were observed to be significantly increased in the upper limbs of SCI patients via the parasympathetic effect.

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Nataliya, Petkova. "Geography of Limbs". International Journal of the Arts in Society: Annual Review 6, nr 1 (2011): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1833-1866/cgp/v06i01/35966.

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Gopura, Ruwan, Kazuo Kiguchi, George Mann i Diego Torricelli. "Robotic Prosthetic Limbs". Journal of Robotics 2018 (2018): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1085980.

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Alfred, Jane. "Limbs make progress". Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 3, nr 9 (wrzesień 2002): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm922.

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Blackburn, L. "MODULATING LOBSTER LIMBS". Journal of Experimental Biology 210, nr 6 (15.03.2007): i—ii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.02750.

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Stix, Gary. "Bionic Limbs, Rewired". Scientific American 309, nr 6 (19.11.2013): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican1213-14.

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Muneoka, Ken, Manjong Han i David M. Gardiner. "Regrowing Human Limbs". Scientific American 298, nr 4 (kwiecień 2008): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0408-56.

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Hamzelou, Jessica. "Missing limbs regrown". New Scientist 236, nr 3157-3158 (grudzień 2017): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(17)32500-9.

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Hamzelou, Jessica. "Paralysed limbs reawoken". New Scientist 226, nr 3017 (kwiecień 2015): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(15)30147-0.

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Alfred, Jane. "Limbs make progress". Nature Reviews Genetics 3, nr 9 (wrzesień 2002): 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrg898.

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Hanspal, R. S., i R. Nieveen. "Water activity limbs". Prosthetics and Orthotics International 26, nr 3 (grudzień 2002): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03093640208726651.

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With advances in technology there is an increasing availability of Water Activity Limbs (WALs) and subsequently a greater number of requests for their provision. This study aims to establish a national consensus for indications, recommended best practice and procedures. The study was conducted with 2 rounds of questionnaires sent to 40 doctors, prosthetists and therapists each. The first questionnaire had a list of possible tasks requiring a WAL and respondents were asked to record their personal rating for prescription of each of the indications. Following analysis of the 91 responses, a list of indications, guidelines and procedures was sent to the same 120 respondents, enquiring whether they agreed or disagreed to each recommendation. The tasks orientated questionnaire showed that more than 50% of respondents considered occupation as an absolute indication. Other indications were some specific water sports. Occasional swimming and beach activity were only considered as possible indications. Showering was not considered an indication. The second questionnaire showed an overwhelming agreement to most of the procedures and indications recommended except social reasons for leisure. The authors present recommendations for prescription of WALs as guidelines and procedures based on the national consensus amongst peers. They also recommend a process for establishing evidence in a speciality where there is very little published evidence to recommend best practice.

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Riddle, Robert D., i Clifford J. Tabin. "How Limbs Develop". Scientific American 280, nr 2 (luty 1999): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0299-74.

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Caraballo, Israel, Francisco Casado-Rodríguez, José V. Gutiérrez-Manzanedo i José Luis González-Montesinos. "Strength Asymmetries in Young Elite Sailors: Windsurfing, Optimist, Laser and 420 Classes". Symmetry 13, nr 3 (6.03.2021): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13030427.

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Strength asymmetries in the upper and lower limbs may affect the body movements of the joints or limbs. Although asymmetries in the upper limbs have been studied in sailors, those in lower limbs have not been evaluated in this sport population. The aims of this study were: (i) to analyze lower limb asymmetries in young elite sailors in order to quantify the magnitude of asymmetry between limbs for variables that were established as reliable in a healthy population, and (ii) to evaluate the presence of differences between classes and sexes in inter-limb asymmetries in elite youth sailors. Sixty-eight young Spanish elite sailors (9–19 years of age) participated voluntarily in our study. Single-leg vertical countermovement jump (VCJ), single-leg horizontal countermovement jump and hand dynamometry tests were used to evaluate the strength of the upper and lower limbs. More than 50% of the sailors presented asymmetries in the lower limbs. The boys’ group and Optimist class presented a greater percentage of strength asymmetry.

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Hirai, M. "Clinical Significance of Corona Phlebectatica Associated with Varicose Veins". Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 14, nr 2 (czerwiec 1999): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026835559901400208.

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Objective: To investigate the clinical significance of corona phlebectatica. Design: Clinical and plethysmographic evaluation of corona phlebectatica associated with primary varicose veins. Setting: Department of Surgery, Aichi Prefectural College of Nursing, Nagoya, Japan. Main outcome measures: In 411 limbs with greater saphenous incompetence, including 101 with skin changes and 310 without skin changes, clinical analysis and plethysmographic evaluation using the photoplethysmographic technique were carried out. Results: In 204 of 411 limbs, corona phlebectatica was observed, including 75 coloured red and 129 coloured blue. Blue coronas were observed significantly more often then red coronas in limbs with skin changes. The half refilling time in limbs with skin changes was significantly shorter than that in limbs without skin changes. In limbs without skin changes, limbs with blue coronas showed a significantly shortened half refilling time than those with red coronas. Conclusions: Blue coronas are a strong indicator of the presence of prolonged venous hypertension in varicose veins.

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Kim, S.-Y., E.-A. Park, Y.-C. Shin, S.-I. Min, W. Lee, J. Ha, S. J. Kim i S.-K. Min. "Preoperative determination of anatomic variations of the small saphenous vein for varicose vein surgery by three-dimensional computed tomography venography". Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 27, nr 5 (28.10.2011): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/phleb.2011.011023.

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Objective To define the anatomical variations of small saphenous vein (SSV) for varicose vein (VV) surgery by three-dimensional computed tomography venography (3D-CTV) and to analyse the impact of this preoperative evaluation on surgical outcomes. Methods A total of 120 consecutive limbs with SSV insufficiency having undergone VV surgery from January 2005 until December 2007 were enrolled. The medical records and images were analysed retrospectively. Results The relationship between SSV and gastrocnemial vein (GNV) were categorized into two: (a) SSV and GNV drained to popliteal vein (PV) separately (100 limbs, 87%) and (b) SSV and GNV made common channel which drained to PV (15 limbs, 13%). Saphenopopliteal junction morphology was normal (75 limbs), severe tortuosity near PV (19 limbs), ampullary ectasia (4 limbs) and duplicated drainage to PV (2 limbs). No recurrence of VV was noted. Conclusions CTV can provide thorough preoperative anatomic information of the SSV variations and reduce the recurrence of VV.

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Hua, Wang Rui, Meng Qing Yi, Wu Xue Jun, Jin Xing, Liu Zhao Xuan i Li Bo. "Causes of recurrent lower limb varicose veins after surgical interventions in 141 limbs – Five-year retrospective analysis of two centers". Vascular 22, nr 4 (24.06.2013): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1708538113484023.

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Aim The purpose of this study was to explore the causes of recurrent lower limb varicose veins after surgical interventions. Methods A retrospective five-year survey was conducted on patients who underwent second surgery due to recurrent lower limb varicose veins after surgical interventions. A total of 141 limbs (112 cases), including 72 cases of left lower limbs, 47 of right lower limbs and 22 of both limbs, were involved in the study. All patients underwent lower limb venography (141 limbs were anterograde and 28 cases were retrograde), and then examined with color-Doppler ultrasound. Results The major causes that urged patients to undergo second surgery are clinical changes graded above CEAP IV (93.6%), limb edema without changes on skin (5%), and single varicosity (1.4%). Up to 127 (83%) limbs exhibited perforating venous reflux, 67 (47.5%) limbs had varied degrees of deep venous insufficiency and 68 (48.2%) limbs had through or above-the-knee great saphenous vein trunk residual. Conclusions Preoperative venography before operation is indispensible in confirming the diagnosis and operation strategies. Patients with severe primary deep venous reflux and symptoms up to C3 may need simultaneous repair of the deep venous valves.

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Djordjevic, Valentina, Iva Pruner, Ljiljana Rakicevic, Mirjana Kovac, Danijela Mikovic, Predrag Miljic, Nebojsa Antonijevic i Dragica Radojkovic. "FV Leiden, FII G20210A and MTHFR C677T mutations in patients with lower or upper limb deep vein thrombosis". Genetika 43, nr 2 (2011): 371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1102371d.

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Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a multifactorial disease that occurs with frequency of 1/1000 per year. The FV Leiden, FII G20210A and MTHFR C677T mutations represent genetic factors for the occurrence of vein thrombosis. The goal of this study was to determine the frequency of these mutations in patients with DVT of upper and lower limbs. The study encompassed 119 patients divided in two groups. The group of patients with the lower limbs thrombosis included 77 patients, while the upper limbs thrombosis group included 42 patients. The presence of FV Leiden, FII G20210A and MTHFR C677T mutations was detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. In patients with DVT of lower limbs, the frequency of FV Leiden mutation was 26,0% in heterozygous form and 1,3% in homozygous form. In the group of patients with DVT of upper limbs, the frequency of heterozygous carriers was 7.2%. In patients with DVT of lower limbs, FII G20210A mutation occurred in heterozygous form in 15.6% subjects, and in the group with DVT of upper limbs the frequency was 7.2% in heterozygous and 2.3% in homozygous form. The frequency of MTHFR C677T mutation in patients with lower limbs DVT was 42.8% in heterozygous form and 13% in homozygous form, while in the group of patients with upper limbs DVT, the frequency was 52.4% in heterozygous form and 9.5% in homozygous form. The FV Leiden and FII G20210A mutations represent significant risk factors for the occurrence of DVT of lower limbs. These mutations are less frequent in DVT of upper limbs and more extensive further studies are needed to determine their potential role. The MTHFR C677T mutation represents less significant risk factor for lower limb DVT and should be taken into account only in cases when it occurs in combination with other risk factors.

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Shaw, Edward L. "Out on a Limb: Investigating the Anatomy of Tree Limbs". Science Activities: Classroom Projects and Curriculum Ideas 45, nr 2 (lipiec 2008): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/sats.45.2.3-6.

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Munteanu, T. C., D. Zamfirescu, M. Nagea, A. Dumitriu, N. Ciurea i Oliviera Lupescu. "COMPLEX TRAUMA OF THE LIMBS “LIMB AND LIFE THREATENING INJURIES”". Journal of Surgical Sciences 2, nr 2 (1.04.2015): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.33695/jss.v2i2.115.

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Complex limb trauma are extremely severe and pose a threat both to the patient’s life, because of their systemic impact, as well as to the vitality of the traumatized limb, because of potentially severe septic complications. Post-traumatic (post fracture) osteitis is most often a consequence of an open fracture (always contaminated) or a closed operated fracture which was contaminated by pathogenic germs, the most common of which is Staphylococcus aureus (but Gram-negative bacteria, such as Klebsiella, Pseudomonas and Proteus are also worth mentioning). The consequence of an acute osteitis which was incompletely or inadequately treated is chronic osteitis, which requires long-term treatment, with inconsistent outcome results. To describe this topic, we present the case of a 15 year old pacient, which presents at the hospital as a surgical emergency, following a complex high energy trauma cause by a smash-up, whose survival and then healing, in spite of complete and correct approach, were extremely problematic/challenging, and called for a massive amount of human, financial and temporal resources.

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B L, Ravikumar, i Jose V. Francisco. "TRENDS IN REVASCULARIZATION FOR CRITICAL LIMB ISCHEMIA OF LOWER LIMBS". Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 3, nr 30 (28.07.2014): 8532–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2014/3082.

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Pagano, Christopher C., Steven R. Garrett i M. T. Turvey. "Is Limb Proprioception a Function of the Limbs' Intertial Eigenvectors?" Ecological Psychology 8, nr 1 (marzec 1996): 43–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15326969eco0801_3.

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Tassava, Roy A., i C. L. Olsen-Winner. "Responses to amputation of denervatedAmbystoma limbs containing aneurogenic limb grafts". Journal of Experimental Zoology 297A, nr 1 (11.04.2003): 64–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.a.10263.

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Phillips, S. R., R. A'Hern i J. M. Thomas. "Aggressive fibromatosis of the abdominal wall, limbs and limb girdles". British Journal of Surgery 91, nr 12 (2004): 1624–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.4792.

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Imanaka, Ryota, Akira Ouchi, Shunsuke Kobayashi, Gen Aikawa, Hideaki Sakuramoto, Tetsuya Hoshino, Yuki Enomoto, Nobutake Shimojo i Yoshiaki Inoue. "Inflationary noninvasive blood pressure monitoring reduces lower-limb pain during measurement". Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 12, nr 7 (20.03.2022): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v12n7p45.

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Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether inflationary noninvasive blood-pressure measurement reduces pain during blood-pressure monitoring with the lower limbs compared to the conventional noninvasive measurement method.Methods: Healthy volunteers aged ≥ 18 years were recruited for the study. After seating the participants, a manchette was fitted onto each limb (upper limbs: YP-713T YAWARA CUFF2 13 cm; lower limbs: YP-715T YAWARA CUFF2 for thigh 19 cm, Nihon Kohden Tokyo, Japan). The inflationary and conventional noninvasive blood-pressure measurement devices (PVM-9901 and PVM-9901, Nihon Kohden, Tokyo, Japan) were connected, and the blood pressure was measured simultaneously at two points in the upper and lower limbs. After the measurement, the participants answered a questionnaire regarding the lower-limb pain, and the intensity of pain was evaluated using the visual analog scale.Results: The study included 111 healthy volunteers. The visual analog scale scores of the upper and lower limbs were significantly lower with the inflationary noninvasive blood pressure measurement device than with the conventional noninvasive blood pressure device (upper limbs: 25.6 ± 23.2 vs. 38.8 ± 27.5, p < .001 and lower limbs: 42.2 ± 25.1 vs. 54.2 ± 26.1, p < .01, respectively).Conclusions: We examined the effect of pain reduction on the lower limbs with inflationary noninvasive blood-pressure measurements in healthy volunteers. We conclude that inflationary noninvasive blood pressure measurement may reduce pain in the lower limbs during blood-pressure monitoring compared to a conventional noninvasive blood pressure measurement.

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Nanda, Ditania, i Adi Wijayanto. "Dampak Permainan Bola Keranjang & Bowling Terhadap Gerak Tubuh Anak". Zuriah : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini 3, nr 2 (30.12.2022): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.29240/zuriah.v3i2.5684.

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This research is motivated by the teacher's lack of awareness of gross motor development of the upper limbs in children, most teachers only provide stimulation to the gross motor development of children's lower limbs such as running, and jumping. Gross motoric upper limbs need to be developed because by training gross motoric upper limbs in children can train children's focus on objects, and can train children's hand-eye coordination. The aims of this study were: to determine the effect of basketball games on the gross motor development of the upper limbs in Dharma Wanita Kindergarten, to determine the influence of bowling on the gross motor development of the upper limbs at Ichlashul Amal Kindergarten, to determine the mutual influence between the games. basket ball and bowling on gross motor development of the upper limbs in grade B children. This study used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design type of research. The population in this study amounted to 30 children from 3 schools. The results of the ANOVA test obtained sig 0.000 < 0.05 which means H1 accepted andHo rejected and the post hoc obtained sig 0.558 > 0.05 which means that there is an influence from both games to develop gross motor skills of upper limbs in grade B children.

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