Artykuły w czasopismach: „Ligands – Synthesis”

1

U C Mashelkar, U. C. Mashelkar, i V. Pandey V Pandey. "Synthesis of Some Novel Ligands of Benzimidazole Derivatives". Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, nr 8 (1.10.2011): 596–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/august2014/157.

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Srivastava, Abhishek, Neetu Srivastava, Umesh NathTripathi i Afshan Siddiqui. "Synthesis and Characterization of Mixed Ligand Complexes of Zirconium(IV) with Sulphur, Nitrogen and Oxygen Donor Ligands". Chemistry & Chemical Technology 13, nr 1 (5.03.2019): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht13.01.023.

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Semeniuchenko, Volodymyr, Volodymyr Khilya i Ulrich Groth. "Highly Efficient Synthesis of (Phosphinodihydrooxazole)- (1,5-cyclooctadiene) Iridium Complexes". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 64, nr 10 (1.10.2009): 1147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2009-1007.

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A highly efficient one-pot procedure for the synthesis of complexes of the type [Ir(COD)(Phox)]X, where Phox is a (chiral) phosphinooxazoline ligand, X = PF6 or B[(3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)]4 (BARF), is developed. Former reported syntheses demanded the isolation of pure ligands by column chromatography, but the ligands tend to adsorb irreversibly on silica. Moreover, the chromatography has to be performed with careful exclusion of air. The present method avoids this difficulties. The yields of the syntheses are comparable with those starting from the pure ligands. The method is also suitable for the preparation of complexes of the type [Rh(COD)(Phox)]BARF and [Rh(Phox)2]BARF.

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Huang, Jianhui, Caifeng Li, Liu Liu i Xuegang Fu. "Norbornene in Organic Synthesis". Synthesis 50, nr 15 (25.06.2018): 2799–823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1610143.

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The norbornene skeleton possesses an alkene functionality with a fixed conformation, and represents unique reactivity. The use of norbornene and analogues as substrates is overviewed; reactivities are discussed as well as the role of norbornenes as ligands assisting modern organic transformations.1 Introduction2 Synthesis of Substituted Norbornenes2.1 Preparation of Functionalized Norbornenes by Deprotonation and Substitution Reactions2.2 Preparation of Functionalized Norbornenes under Palladium-Catalyzed Reaction Conditions2.3 Alkylation of Norbornene2.4 Multistep Synthesis3 Synthesis of Substituted Norbornanes3.1 Three-Membered-Ring Formation3.2 Formation of Four-Membered Rings3.3 Five- and Six-Membered Ring Formation3.4 Syntheses of Difunctionalized Norbornanes4 Synthesis of Cyclopentanes4.1 Oxidation Reactions4.2 Ring-Opening Cross Metathesis (ROCM)4.3 Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)4.4 Palladium-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Norbornene5 Norbornene-Mediated Reactions5.1 Palladium Insertion into Carbon–Halide Bonds5.2 Palladium Insertion into N–H and C–H Bonds5.3 Norbornene as Ligand in Mediated Reactions6 Conclusion

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Heutz, Frank J. L., Michiel C. Samuels i Paul C. J. Kamer. "Solid-phase synthesis of recyclable diphosphine ligands". Catalysis Science & Technology 5, nr 6 (2015): 3296–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cy00287g.

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The first efficient solid-phase synthetic approach towards diphosphine ligands is demonstrated. This modular method offers facile access to a class of ligands providing huge potential for ligand fine-tuning.

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Knibbs, R. N., R. A. Craig, S. Natsuka, A. Chang, M. Cameron, J. B. Lowe i L. M. Stoolman. "The fucosyltransferase FucT-VII regulates E-selectin ligand synthesis in human T cells." Journal of Cell Biology 133, nr 4 (15.05.1996): 911–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.133.4.911.

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Selectin-ligands on T cells contribute to the recruitment of circulating cells into chronic inflammatory lesions in the skin and elsewhere. This report provides the first evidence that a single fucosyltransferase, termed FucT-VII, controls the synthesis of E-selectin ligands in human T-lymphoblasts. The FucT-IV transferase (the ELFT enzyme), in contrast constructs lower avidity E-selectin ligands and requires enzyme levels found only in myeloid cells. Treatment of Jurkat cells with phorbol myristate acetate increased the expression of sialylated Lewis(x)-related sLe(x)related epitopes and induced the synthesis of E-selectin ligands functional at physiologic levels of linear shear-stress. Northern analysis revealed a parallel increase in the steady-state levels FucT-VII mRNA, but there were no increases in the two other leukocyte-associated fucosyltransferases (FucT-IV and VI). The stable transfection of the FucT-VII gene into Jurkat cells induced high levels of the sLe(x)-related epitopes and the synthesis of E-selectin ligands which equal or exceeded the avidity of those on circulating lymphocytes. The growth of T-lymphoblasts under conditions which induced expression of the sLe(x,a) epitopes increased the level of FucT-VII mRNA, the synthesis of sialylated-Lewis(x) structures by cell-free extracts and the synthesis of E-selectin ligands equal in avidity to those on FucT-VII transfectants. In contrast, neither the mRNA levels nor activities of the FucT-IV and VI enzymes increased in association with E-selectin ligand synthesis in T-lymphoblasts. Myeloid cell lines, unlike lymphoblasts, expressed high levels of both the FucT-VII and IV enzymes in conjunction with E-selectin ligands raising the possibility that both enzymes contributed to ligand synthesis. FucT-IV transfected Jurkat cells synthesized low avidity ligands for E-selectin but only in association with CDw65 (VIM-2) carbohydrate epitope. Only blood neutrophils and myeloid cell lines expressed this epitope at the levels associated with E-ligand synthesis in the transfectants. In contrast, native Jurkat cells, blood monocytes, blood lymphocytes, and cultured T-lymphoblasts expressed low levels or none. We conclude that FucT-VII is a principal regulator of E-selectin ligand synthesis in human T-lymphoblasts while both FucT-VII and FucT-IV may direct ligand synthesis in some myeloid cells.

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Bednářová, Eva, Štefan Malatinec i Martin Kotora. "Applications of Bolm’s Ligand in Enantioselective Synthesis". Molecules 25, nr 4 (20.02.2020): 958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25040958.

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One pathway for the preparation of enantiomerically pure compounds from prochiral substrates is the use of metal complex catalysis with chiral ligands. Compared to the other frequently used chiral ligands, chiral 2,2’-bipyridines have been underexploited, despite the data indicating that such ligands have considerable potential in synthetic chemistry. One of those is the so-called Bolm’s ligand, a compound possessing chiral alcohol moieties in the side chains attached to the 2,2’-bipyridine scaffold. Various metal salts have been used in combination with Bolm’s ligand as potent catalysts able to bring about enantioselective alkylations, allylations, conjugate additions, desymmetrization of meso-epoxides, aldol reactions, etc. This review aims to summarize Bolm’s ligand applications in the area of enantioselective synthesis over the last three decades since its preparation.

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Ranskiy, Anatoliy, i Natalia Didenko. "Direct Synthesis of Cuprum(II) Complex Compounds Based on Thioamide Ligands". Chemistry & Chemical Technology 8, nr 4 (5.12.2014): 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht08.04.371.

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Ghesner, Ioan, Warren E. Piers, Masood Parvez i Robert McDonald. "Synthesis and coordination chemistry of 2,2′-diboratabiphenyls". Canadian Journal of Chemistry 84, nr 2 (1.02.2006): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v05-220.

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Dianionic 2,2′-diboratabiphenyl derivatives were prepared as a new class of binucleating ligands. Preliminary investigations into their coordination chemistry involved Rh complexes. Their solution and solid state structures were studied and confirm the preference for η6η6 coordination of the novel ligands, rendering them isoelectronic analogues of the ubiquitous bicyclopentadienyl system. Comparative studies suggest stronger donor properties for the fulvalene ligand as compared with the 2,2′-diboratabiphenyl system.Key words: dinucleating ligands, bimetallic complexes, rhodium complexes, boron heterocycles, X-ray structure.

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10

Caputo, Christine A., Florentino d. S. Carneiro, Michael C. Jennings i Nathan D. Jones. "Modular syntheses of oxazolinylamine ligands and characterization of group 10 metal complexes". Canadian Journal of Chemistry 85, nr 2 (1.02.2007): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v06-188.

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The syntheses of aminoalkyloxazoline and pyrrolidinyloxazoline ligands, each of which bear a pair of chiral centres, by both known and new routes are reported. Variable temperature NMR studies show that the known stepwise syntheses of the pyrrolidinyl compounds are not complicated by epimerization; however, coordination of one of the aminoalkyl derivatives to Pt(II) under conditions of prolonged heating to 80 °C does give mixtures of diastereomeric N,N ′-chelated complexes that result from inversion of the chiral centre associated with the aminoalkyl fragment. A new synthesis of pyrrolidinyloxazoline ligands that involves the Zn-catalyzed cyclization of Cbz-protected 2-cyanopyrrolidine and β-amino alcohols is also reported. This procedure offers the advantages of economy, shorter time, and fewer purification steps over the previously reported synthesis. In addition, the crystal structure of an enantiopure Pd(II) complex of an N,N ′-chelated pyrrolidinyloxazoline is disclosed. This compound has a pseudo-C2 axis of symmetry, which may make it suitable for asymmetric catalytic applications.Key words: chiral ligands, ligand design, oxazolines, variable temperature NMR spectroscopy, asymmetric catalysis, coordination compounds, palladium, platinum

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11

Munzeiwa, Wisdom A., Bernard Omondi i Vincent O. Nyamori. "Architecture and synthesis of P,N-heterocyclic phosphine ligands". Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 16 (12.03.2020): 362–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.16.35.

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Diverse P,N-phosphine ligands reported to date have performed exceptionally well as auxiliary ligands in organometallic catalysis. Phosphines bearing 2-pyridyl moieties prominently feature in literature as compared to phosphines with five-membered N-heterocycles. This discussion seeks to paint a broad picture and consolidate different synthetic protocols and techniques for N-heterocyclic phosphine motifs. The introduction provides an account of P,N-phosphine ligands, and their structural and coordination benefits from combining heteroatoms with different basicity in one ligand. The body discusses the synthetic protocols which focus on P–C, P–N-bond formation, substrate and nucleophile types and different N-heterocycle construction strategies. Selected references are given in relation to the applications of the ligands.

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12

Santiago, Tomás G., Carmen Urbaneja, Eleuterio Álvarez, Elena Ávila, Pilar Palma i Juan Cámpora. "Neutral, cationic and anionic organonickel and -palladium complexes supported by iminophosphine/phosphinoenaminato ligands". Dalton Transactions 49, nr 2 (2020): 322–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9dt04062e.

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Ligand exchange and oxidative addition reactions allow the synthesis of Ni(ii) and Pd(ii) complexes with deprotonable iminophosphine ligands. The acid–base behavior of iminophosphine ligands coordinated to organometallic Ni(ii) fragments is analyzed.

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13

Sarker, A., T. Hossain, MN Bashir, KJ Fatema i AKML Rahman. "Synthesis and characterization of N, N′-bis (isatin) diamino zirconium (IV) complexes". Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 54, nr 4 (30.12.2019): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v54i4.44564.

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N, N′-bis (isatin) diamine schiff base ligands were synthesized by the condensation reaction of Isatin with various diamine (ethane-1,2-diamine, propane-1,3-diamine and hexane-1,6-diamine) in 2:1 molar ratios. These ligands were used to prepare Zr (IV) complexes. Prepared ligands and complexes were characterized by using conductance measurement, FT-IR, UV-Visible and 1HNMR spectroscopy. The presence of FT-IR band for azomethine group supports the formation of ligand. Vibrational bands for Zr←N and Zr←O in complexes signify the coordination through O and N sites of ligands. 1HNMR peak for NH moiety in ligand gets almost disappeared in complex reveals tautomerism of NH with nearby carbonyl oxygen due to the effect of complexation. The absence of peak above 500 nm in the electronic spectra indicates d0 system of zirconium in complexes. The elemental analytical data was analogous to theoretical composition of ligands and complexes. The molar conductance values obtained for the complexes represent their non-electrolytic character. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.54(4), 297-306, 2019

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Noh, Hyun Sung, i Jaehan Jung. "Synthesis of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Nanocomposites via a Simple Two-Phase Ligands Exchange". Science of Advanced Materials 12, nr 3 (1.03.2020): 326–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2020.3644.

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The surface of nanocrystals (NCs) was precisely engineered with bifunctional ligands via a simple yet effective two-phase ligand exchange strategy where the introduction of bifunctional ligands and displacement of insulating aliphatic ligands are simultaneously occurred. This is advantageous compared to conventional ligands exchange procedure where the desired ligands are often introduced through two-step processes after treating NC surface with short mobile ligands such as pyridine or short amines. In this study, 4-azidobenzoic acid possessing carboxylic acid for binding with NCs and azide group for chemical coupling was utilized as bifunctional ligands. A correlation between the concentration and the efficiency of ligands replacement was corroborated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy measurement. Lastly, organic–inorganic nanocomposites were crafted via click coupling between 1-octyne and azidobenzoic acid capped CdSe NCs. The success of coupling was substantiated by FTIR and 1H NMR.

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15

Harding, MM, i JM Lehn. "Synthesis of Oligobipyridine Strands Bearing Nucleoside and Amino Acid Side Chains". Australian Journal of Chemistry 49, nr 10 (1996): 1023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9961023.

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The synthesis is reported of derivatives of 6,6'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine in which adenosine, thymidine aid tryptophan substituents are introduced at the 4,4'-positions as amide derivatives. Artificial oligonucleoside strands derived from the corresponding trisbipyridyl ligand , in which three bipyridyl ligands are separated by methyleneoxy bridges, have been prepared. The solubility of the nucleoside-substituted ligands in organic solvents is poor, but acylation of the ribose or deoxyribose units present in the ligands provides a mechanism whereby organic solubility can be improved. These ligands may be used for the preparation of metallo-exoreceptors , with the potential for recognition of biological targets such as nucleic acids. Preliminary metal ion complexation studies have been carried out.

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Chan, T. H., i G. Z. Zheng. "C3 Symmetric oxazolinyl ligand as catalyst in the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes". Canadian Journal of Chemistry 75, nr 6 (1.06.1997): 629–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v97-076.

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The C3 symmetric oxazolinyl ligand 1 has been synthesized. Compound 1 catalyzed the addition of diethylzinc to aromatic aldehydes to give secondary alcohols with high enantiomeric excesses (up to 90%). Keywords: diethylzinc, enantioselective synthesis, C3 symmetric ligands, enantioselective addition reactions, oxazolinyl ligands.

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17

Nasir, Shah Bakhtiar, Noorsaadah Abd Rahman i Chin Fei Chee. "Enantioselective Syntheses of Flavonoid Diels-Alder Natural Products: A Review". Current Organic Synthesis 15, nr 2 (24.04.2018): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570179414666170821120234.

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Background: The Diels-Alder reaction has been widely utilised in the syntheses of biologically important natural products over the years and continues to greatly impact modern synthetic methodology. Recent discovery of chiral organocatalysts, auxiliaries and ligands in organic synthesis has paved the way for their application in Diels-Alder chemistry with the goal to improve efficiency as well as stereochemistry. Objective: The review focuses on asymmetric syntheses of flavonoid Diels-Alder natural products that utilize chiral ligand-Lewis acid complexes through various illustrative examples. Conclusion: It is clear from the review that a significant amount of research has been done investigating various types of catalysts and chiral ligand-Lewis acid complexes for the enantioselective synthesis of flavonoid Diels-Alder natural products. The results have demonstrated improved yield and enantioselectivity. Much emphasis has been placed on the synthesis but important mechanistic work aimed at understanding the enantioselectivity has also been discussed.

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Gopal, Meera, i Sreesha Sasi. "Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Lanthanum(III) Complexes of 4-Nitrosoantipyrine". Asian Journal of Chemistry 33, nr 3 (2021): 617–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2021.23047.

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A new series of La(III) complexes of the ligand with the general formula [La(L)2(a)3] and [La2(L)4(aa)3], (a = nitrate (1), thiocyanate (2), acetate (3) and propionate (4) ions, aa = sulphate (5), thiosulphate (6), oxalate (7) and malonate (8) ions with the ligand 4-nitrosoantipyrine (L) were synthesized and characterized using various physico-chemical studies. The primary ligand L acts as a bidentate ligand utilizing the carbonyl group and the nitroso group for bonding. The nitrate, thiocyanate, acetate and propionate ions are monovalent unidentate ligands, whereas sulphate, thiosulphate, oxalate and malonate ions are divalent bidentate ligands in the complexes 1-8. Based on spectral data and magnetic susceptibility measurements, geometry of the lanthanum(III) complexes were also proposed.

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Fan, Qikui, Hao Yang, Juan Ge, Shumeng Zhang, Zhaojun Liu, Bo Lei, Tao Cheng, Youyong Li, Yadong Yin i Chuanbo Gao. "Customizable Ligand Exchange for Tailored Surface Property of Noble Metal Nanocrystals". Research 2020 (21.01.2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2020/2131806.

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It is highly desirable, while still challenging, to obtain noble metal nanocrystals with custom capping ligands, because their colloidal synthesis relies on specific capping ligands for the shape control while conventional ligand exchange processes suffer from “the strong replaces the weak” limitation, which greatly hinders their applications. Herein, we report a general and effective ligand exchange approach that can replace the native capping ligands of noble metal nanocrystals with virtually any type of ligands, producing flexibly tailored surface properties. The key is to use diethylamine with conveniently switchable binding affinity to the metal surface as an intermediate ligand. As a strong ligand, it in its original form can effectively remove the native ligands; while protonated, it loses its binding affinity and facilitates the adsorption of new ligands, especially weak ones, onto the metal surface. By this means, the irreversible order in the conventional ligand exchange processes could be overcome. The efficacy of the strategy is demonstrated by mutual exchange of the capping ligands among cetyltrimethylammonium, citrate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and oleylamine. This novel strategy significantly expands our ability to manipulate the surface property of noble metal nanocrystals and extends their applicability to a wide range of fields, particularly biomedical applications.

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Gao, Yu Ping, i Dong Huan Qin. "The Synthesis of High Yield PbS Nanocrystalline and its Photovoltaic Applications". Advanced Materials Research 924 (kwiecień 2014): 325–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.924.325.

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High quality PbS nanorcrystallines (NCs) have been fabricated in high yield by a simple hydrothermal method using unique ligands. We find that the experiment conditions such as different ligands,the reaction temperature greatly influence the morphology and the size of PbS NCs. Specifically, the complex ligands OPA and butylamine have great effects on the final products compared with no ligand. We can obtain PbS nanocrystalline with more homogeneous size and higher optical properties. On the other hand, higher external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the solar cell will be achieved with Schottky device structure of ITO/PbS/Al.

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Flores-Reyes, Julio C., José L. Sosa-Juárez, Mayra Sánchez-Serratos, Perla Islas-Jácome, Atilano Gutiérrez-Carrillo, Francisco Méndez, Galdina V. Suárez-Moreno, Alejandro Islas-Jácome i Eduardo González-Zamora. "Green Synthesis of Symmetric Dimaleamic Acids from Dianilines and Maleic Anhydride: Behind New Bidentate Ligands for MOFs". Chemistry Proceedings 3, nr 1 (14.11.2020): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-24-08379.

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We herein report the synthesis and characterization of six α,β-unsaturated dicarboxylic acid ligands with different phenyl spacers, and two ligands with a biphenyl and anthraquinone spacers. All these dimaleamic acids were synthesized in 16 to 99% yields via a base-catalyzed maleimide ring opening in water (ligand 2), or by a di-N-acylation from the corresponding diamines and maleic anhydride in acetic acid (ligands 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16). These reactions were performed using green solvents, while requiring minimal work up procedures, making them suitable alternatives to access these types of bidentate ligands quickly, which can be used to fabricate new metal-organic frameworks (MOFs).

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S P, Sridevi, Girija C R i C. D. Satish. "Synthesis, Structure and Reactivity of Schiff Base Transition Metal Mixed Ligand Complexes Derived from Isatin and Salal". Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 37, nr 1 (28.02.2021): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/370123.

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A series of Isatin derivative Schiff Base ligands have been prepared by the nucleophilic addition of 5-Bromo Isatin with various amine derivatives and characterized by CHNS analysis and spectral data. Similarly, two of Salicylaldehyde ligand have been prepared by the nucleophilic addition of Salal with amine derivatives. In order to investigate the coordination behavior of these ligands and their metal complexes of the type M(acac)x, L [M = Cu(II), Ni(II); L = Schiff base ligands; x = 0 or 2] mixed ligand (chelate) have been prepared from the reaction of these ligands with their corresponding metal (Ni, Cu) acetylacetonates. The present paper was an approach to understand the chelating mixed ligand formation in complexes. All the isolated Shiff base ligands and mixed acac metal complexes were characterized by using IR, 1H NMR, UV-VIS, molar conductance and TGA/DTA analysis. The biological activities of all the isolated ligands and their corresponding mixed acac metal complexes have been used to screening against the microorganisms both gram positive and gram negative bacteria such as E.coli and S.sureus respectively, fungi A.niger and C.albicans and the results have been compared with standard and control. The main idea of these types of biological screening is to understand the role of these isolated compounds in pharmaceutical industries for drug development.

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Vasilenko, Vladislav, Torsten Roth, Clemens K. Blasius, Sebastian N. Intorp, Hubert Wadepohl i Lutz H. Gade. "A modular approach to neutral P,N-ligands: synthesis and coordination chemistry". Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 12 (29.04.2016): 846–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.12.83.

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We report the modular synthesis of three different types of neutral κ2-P,N-ligands comprising an imine and a phosphine binding site. These ligands were reacted with rhodium, iridium and palladium metal precursors and the structures of the resulting complexes were elucidated by means of X-ray crystallography. We observed that subtle changes of the ligand backbone have a significant influence on the binding geometry und coordination properties of these bidentate P,N-donors.

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Kraft, Jochen, Martin Golkowski i Thomas Ziegler. "Spiro-fused carbohydrate oxazoline ligands: Synthesis and application as enantio-discrimination agents in asymmetric allylic alkylation". Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 12 (29.01.2016): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.12.18.

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In the present work, we describe a convenient synthesis of spiro-fused D-fructo- and D-psico-configurated oxazoline ligands and their application in asymmetric catalysis. The ligands were synthesized from readily available 3,4,5-tri-O-benzyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-β-D-fructopyranose and 3,4,5-tri-O-benzyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-β-D-psicopyranose, respectively. The latter compounds were partially deprotected under acidic conditions followed by condensation with thiocyanic acid to give an anomeric mixture of the corresponding 1,3-oxazolidine-2-thiones. The anomeric 1,3-oxazolidine-2-thiones were separated after successive benzylation, fully characterized and subjected to palladium catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura coupling with 2-pyridineboronic acid N-phenyldiethanolamine ester to give the corresponding 2-pyridyl spiro-oxazoline (PyOx) ligands. The spiro-oxazoline ligands showed high asymmetric induction (up to 93% ee) when applied as chiral ligands in palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation of 1,3-diphenylallyl acetate with dimethyl malonate. The D-fructo-PyOx ligand provided mainly the (R)-enantiomer while the D-psico-configurated ligand gave the (S)-enantiomer with a lower enantiomeric excess.

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Spiridonova, Yulia S., Yulia A. Nikolaeva, Anna S. Balueva, Elvira I. Musina, Igor A. Litvinov, Igor D. Strelnik, Vera V. Khrizanforova, Yulia G. Budnikova i Andrey A. Karasik. "Synthesis and Structure of Iron (II) Complexes of Functionalized 1,5-Diaza-3,7-Diphosphacyclooctanes". Molecules 25, nr 17 (19.08.2020): 3775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25173775.

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In order to synthesize new iron (II) complexes of 1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctanes with a wider variety of the substituents on ligands heteroatoms (including functionalized ones, namely, pyridyl groups) and co-ligands, it was found that these ligands with relatively small phenyl, benzyl, and pyridin-2-yl substituents on phosphorus atoms in acetonitrile formed bis-P,P-chelate cis-complexes [L2Fe(CH3CN)2]2+ (BF4)2−, whereas P-mesityl-substituted ligand formed only monoligand P,P-complex [LFe(CH3CN)4]2+ (BF4)2−. 3,7-dibenzyl-1,5-di(1′-(R)-phenylethyl)-1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane reacted with hexahydrate of iron (II) tetrafluoroborate in acetone to give an unusual bis-ligand cationic complex of the composition [L2Fe(BF4)]+ BF4−, where two fluorine atoms of the tetrafluoroborate unit occupied two pseudo-equatorial positions at roughly octahedral iron ion, according to X-ray diffraction data. 1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctanes replaced tetrahydrofurane and one of the carbonyl ligands of cyclopentadienyldicarbonyl(tetrahydrofuran)iron (II) tetrafluoroborate to form heteroligand complexes [CpFeL(CO)]+BF4−. The structural studies in the solid phase and in solutions showed that diazadiphosphacyclooctane ligands of all complexes adopted chair-boat conformations so that their nitrogen atoms were in close proximity to the central iron ion. The redox properties of the obtained complexes were performed by the cyclic voltammetry method.

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Jiang, Liuwei, Abby J. Schadock-Hewitt, Lynn X. Zhang i R. Kenneth Marcus. "Evaluation of synthesized lipid tethered ligands for surface functionalization of polypropylene capillary-channeled polymer fiber stationary phases". Analyst 140, nr 5 (2015): 1523–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4an02091j.

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Mitu, Liviu, Natarajan Raman, Angela Kriza, Nicolae Stănică i Mariana Dianu. "Template synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of some new complexes with isonicotinoyl hydrazone ligands". Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 74, nr 10 (2009): 1075–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0910075m.

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Complexes of Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II) with the 9-anthraldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone ligand (HL1) and the 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone ligand (H2L2) were synthesized by the template method. The complexes were characterized by analytical analysis, IR, UV-Vis and ESR spectroscopy, magnetic measurements, conductometry and thermal analysis and the two ligands by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. From the elemental analysis, 1:2 (metal:ligand) stoichiometry for the complexes of Cu(II), Ni(II) with the ligands HL1 and H2L2 and 1:1 (metal:ligand) stoichiometry for the complex of Co(II) with the ligand HL1 are proposed. The molar conductance data showed that the complexes are non-electrolytes. The magnetic susceptibility results coupled with the electronic and ESR spectra suggested a distorted octahedral geometry for the complexes Ni(II)/HL1, Ni(II)/H2L2 and Cu(II)/H2L2, a tetrahedral stereochemistry for the complex Cu/HL1 and a square-planar geometry for the complex Co/HL1. The IR spectra demonstrated the bidentate coordination of the ligands HL1 and H2L2 by the O=C amide oxygen and the azomethine nitrogen, as well as monodentate coordination of the ligand HL1 by the azomethine nitrogen in the Cu(II)complex. The antibacterial activity of the ligands and their metallic complexes were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

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Sharma, Deeksha, i Prof Arpan Bhardwaj. "A COMPARITIVE VIEW OVER THE SYNTHESIS OF SCHIFF BASE LIGANDS AND METAL COMPLEXES BY CONVENTIONAL AND SOLVENT FREE ROUTES". International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 4, nr 12 (24.04.2020): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v4.i12.2017.603.

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In the present paper, synthesis of Schiff base ligands and the metal complexes are studied and compared by conventional and solvent free route. The synthesis of Schiff base ligands of amino acids (Glycine, Phenylalanine and Tyrosine) with salicylaldehyde and their mixed ligand ternary Cu(II) complexes are discussed. Other ligands are used in co-ordinaion with the schiff base is 1,10- Phenanthroline/thiourea in equimolar ratio. The environmentally efficient and modern developed method for synthesis is the solid state synthesis of salicylidene amino acids through pestle mortar synthetic procedure. This method is compared with the conventional method that require refluxing the reactant mixture for hours in an organic solvent, here ethanol. The complexes are characterized by spectral techniques IR spectroscopy and UV spectroscopy. The investigations concluded that the pestle mortar assisted method is very rapid , simple and economic for the preparation of ligands and complexes as well. The Antimicrobial studies were also performed for the complexes. The spectral data for the ligands and complexes obtained from either method, conventional and solventless procedure are in good agreement with one another. The azomethine bonding(-CH=N-) between salicylaldehyde amino acids based Schiff bases is described by the IR spectral peak around 1600 cm-1.

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29

Abdullah, M. A. "Synthesis and Characterization of New Class of Mixed Polysulfide Ligands of Chromium (III) Complexes". Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani - Part A 5, nr 1 (17.05.2001): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10084.

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Sarvestani, Ali Hossein, Abdollah Salimi, Sajjad Mohebbi i Rahman Hallaj. "Synthesis, Spectroscopy and Electrochemistry of Cobalt(III) Schiff Base Complexes". Journal of Chemical Research 2005, nr 3 (marzec 2005): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/0308234054213708.

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Three Co(III) complexes of the type [Co(chel)(PBu3)]ClO4.H2O, (chel = 5-BrSalen, 5-MeOSalen and 4-MeOSalen), were synthesised and characterised by elemental analysis, IR, UV-Vis and 1H NMR spectroscopy. In their electronic spectra, the absorptions between 550 and 750 nm of these complexes are attributable to the lowest d–d transition. The axial ligands affect this transition through a σ-intraction with the dz2 orbital and the equatorial ligands affect it by π-interaction with populated d-orbitals. On the basis of an electronic structural model, in which the dz2 orbital is populated in forming cobalt(II), it is suggested that equatorial ligand substitution affects the reduction potentials less than axial ligand substitution.

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31

Micovic, Vuk, Milovan Ivanovic i Ljiljana Dosen-Micovic. "Structural requirements for ligands of the δ-opioid receptor". Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 74, nr 11 (2009): 1207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0911207m.

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The ?-opioid receptor is sensitive to ligand geometry. In order to assist the synthesis of new ?-selective opioid ligands, the structure elements of ?-selective opioid ligands necessary for their effective binding were investigated. The automated docking procedure with a flexible ligand was used to simulate the binding of 17 ?-selective ligands to the ?-receptor. It was found that voluminous N-alkyl groups reduce the binding potency of naltrindole derivatives by preventing the ligands from adopting the preferred conformation in the receptor. This was confirmed by enantiospecific binding of chiral compounds where only one enantiomer adopts the naltrindole-like preferred conformation in the binding pocket. Voluminous groups replacing the hydroxyl group in the 3-hydroxybenzyl fragment of naltrindole analogs reduce the binding potency due to unfavorable steric interactions with the receptor. The two diastereoisomers of the potent ?-opioid ligand SNC80 confirmed the preferred binding conformation and the major receptor-ligand interactions.

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32

Sárosi, Imola, Menyhárt B. Sárosi, Peter Lönnecke, Luminiţa Silaghi-Dumitrescu i Evamarie Hey-Hawkins. "Heterotopic As,S,P and As,S,As Ligands: Synthesis and Theoretical Studies". Australian Journal of Chemistry 66, nr 10 (2013): 1246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch13262.

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The heterotopic As,S,P ligands 1-AsPh2-2-StBu-3-PPh2-C6H3 (2) and 1-AsPh2-2-SH-3-PPh2-C6H3 (4) and dinucleating As,S,As ligand 1,3-(AsPh2)2-2-StBu-C6H3 (3) have been synthesized and characterized. The structural motif of these compounds suggests great potential for their use as monodentate, bidentate chelating, bidentate bridging, and tridentate ligands.

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33

Lima, Sudhir, Atanu Banerjee, Monalisa Mohanty, Gurunath Sahu, Chahat Kausar, Samir Kumar Patra, Eugenio Garribba, Werner Kaminsky i Rupam Dinda. "Synthesis, structure and biological evaluation of mixed ligand oxidovanadium(iv) complexes incorporating 2-(arylazo)phenolates". New Journal of Chemistry 43, nr 45 (2019): 17711–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nj01910c.

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Synthesis and characterization of mixed ligand oxidovanadium(iv) complexes [V^IVO(L^1–4)(L^NN)] incorporating arylazo ligands: evaluation of DNA/BSA interaction and cytotoxicity activity.

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34

Yoshikawa, Chisato, Hiroaki Ishida, Nami Ohashi i Toshimasa Itoh. "Synthesis of a Coumarin-Based PPARγ Fluorescence Probe for Competitive Binding Assay". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, nr 8 (14.04.2021): 4034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22084034.

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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a molecular target of metabolic syndrome and inflammatory disease. PPARγ is an important nuclear receptor and numerous PPARγ ligands were developed to date; thus, efficient assay methods are important. Here, we investigated the incorporation of 7-diethylamino coumarin into the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone and used the compound in a binding assay for PPARγ. PPARγ-ligand-incorporated 7-methoxycoumarin, 1, showed weak fluorescence intensity in a previous report. We synthesized PPARγ-ligand-incorporating coumarin, 2, in this report, and it enhanced the fluorescence intensity. The PPARγ ligand 2 maintained the rosiglitazone activity. The obtained partial agonist 6 appeared to act through a novel mechanism. The fluorescence intensity of 2 and 6 increased by binding to the ligand binding domain (LBD) of PPARγ and the affinity of reported PPARγ ligands were evaluated using the probe.

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35

Friese, Seth J., Samantha A. Labb, Conner J. Masteran, Savannah G. Albright, Bakr Ali, Hayley A. Chapman, Yijie Cheng i in. "Synthesis of a Water-Soluble, Soft N-Donor BTzBP Ligand Containing Only CHON". Synlett 31, nr 14 (24.06.2020): 1384–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1707163.

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A hydrophilic ligand that contains only C, H, O, and N substituents and uses a 6,6′-bis(1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-2,2′-bipyridine (BTzBP) structural core has been synthesized. The effect of adding water-soluble groups onto extractant ligands has been extensively studied to facilitate the efficient partitioning of 4f and transuranic 5f elements for the treatment of spent nuclear fuel. Soft, N-donor ligands exhibit greater binding affinities for the trivalent actinides over the trivalent lanthanides, making BTzBP ligands an ideal candidate in the search for extractants to be used on an industrial scale. To date, hydrophobic BTzBPs have been shown to exhibit physical and chemical properties that might be conducive to nuclear waste processing conditions. However, hydrophilic BTzBPs have yet to be reported. Herein, we show the synthesis of a hydrophilic BTzBP ligand featuring cationic water solubilizing groups attached to the bipyridal rings.

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36

LaPointe, Anne M. "Parallel Synthesis of Aminomethylphosphine Ligands". Journal of Combinatorial Chemistry 1, nr 1 (styczeń 1999): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cc980013x.

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37

Gierczyk, Błażej, i Grzegorz Schroeder. "Synthesis of supramolecular cyclosiloxane ligands". Mendeleev Communications 19, nr 2 (marzec 2009): 75–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mencom.2009.03.007.

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38

Yamaguchi, Miyuki, Kohei Suzuki i Kei Manabe. "Scalable synthesis of dihydroxyterphenylphosphine ligands". Tetrahedron 71, nr 18 (maj 2015): 2743–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2015.03.030.

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39

Paine, R. T., G. S. Conary, A. A. Russell, D. J. McCabe, E. N. Duesler, S. Karthikeyan, R. Schaeffer, R. R. Ryan i D. Cromer. "SYNTHESIS OF POLYFUNCTIONAL ORGANOPHOSPHONATE LIGANDS". Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange 7, nr 5 (styczeń 1989): 767–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07360298908962336.

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40

Král, Vladimír, Magdalena Pánková, Jana Günterová, Martin Bělohradský i Pavel Anzenbacher. "Synthesis of Porphyrin Heterobinuclear Ligands". Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 59, nr 3 (1994): 639–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19940639.

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A series of mono- or biscrown and azacrown ether porphyrin derivatives IIIb - IIIi, IVb and IVc were synthesized as model systems for cytochrome c oxidase. The arrangement of the porphyrin and the crown ether subunits and their spatial relation has been investigated by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The complexation properties of the synthesized ligands have also been studied.

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41

Qian, Ligang, Zhong Sun i Kristin Bowman-james. "Synthesis of polyaza macropolycyclic ligands". Supramolecular Chemistry 6, nr 3-4 (marzec 1996): 313–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10610279608032550.

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42

Bandini, Marco, Pier Giorgio Cozzi i Achille Umani-Ronchi. "Asymmetric synthesis with "privileged" ligands". Pure and Applied Chemistry 73, nr 2 (1.01.2001): 325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200173020325.

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Different types of chiral "privileged" ligands 1 and 2 in promoting enantioselective addition of allylating agents to aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes are described. Here, a new concept in the asymmetric allylation reaction is presented. Redox [Cr (Salen) ] mediated addition of allyl halides to carbonyl compounds is described, and mechanistic investigations are discussed. These results open access to the fascinating area of the catalytic redox processes mediated by metallo-Salen complexes.

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43

Gee, William J., Stephen A. Wells, Simon J. Teat, Paul R. Raithby i Andrew D. Burrows. "Using geometric simulation software ‘GASP’ to model conformational flexibility in a family of zinc metal–organic frameworks". New Journal of Chemistry 45, nr 19 (2021): 8728–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nj01158h.

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44

Wadayama, Kosei, Tsugiko Takase i Dai Oyama. "Selective synthesis and crystal structures of manganese(I) complexes with a bi- or tridentate terpyridine ligand". Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 76, nr 7 (26.06.2020): 1139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989020008178.

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The crystal structures of two manganese(I) complexes with a different coordination mode of the supporting ligand are reported: fac-bromidotricarbonyl(4′-phenyl-2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine-κ2 N,N′)manganese(I), [MnBr(C21H15N3)(CO)3], I, and cis-bromidodicarbonyl(4′-phenyl-2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine-κ3 N,N′,N′′)manganese(I), [MnBr(C21H15N3)(CO)2], II. In both complexes, the manganese(I) atom is coordinated by terminal carbonyl ligands, a bromide ion, and a 4′-phenyl-2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine ligand within a distorted octahedral environment. In I, the metal ion is facially coordinated by three carbonyl ligands and the terpyridine ligand binds in a bidentate fashion. The non-coordinating nitrogen atom in the terpyridine ligand is positioned on the side opposite to the bromido ligand. In II, the metal ion is coordinated by two carbonyl ligands in a cis configuration and the terpyridine ligand binds in a tridentate fashion; notably, one carbonyl and the trans bromido ligand are mutually disordered over two positions. In I, the complex molecules are linked by C—H...Br hydrogen bonds. In II, aromatic π–π contacts are present, as well as pairs of C—H...Br and C—H...O hydrogen bonds.

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45

Nandiyanto, Asep Bayu Dani. "Nano Metal-Organic Framework Particles (i.e. MIL-100(Fe), HKUST-1(Cu), Cu-TPA, and MOF-5(Zn)) using a solvothermal process". Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology 4, nr 2 (9.07.2019): 220–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v4i2.18178.

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Metal-organic framework (MOF) is attractive because of its representation as a class of crystalline porous materials with excellent properties, specifically its chemical functionality and high porosity, making it potentially tailored for various desired applications. Although the synthesis of MOFs have been well-documented, most reports are in the bulk and micrometer sizes. The synthesis of MOFs in the smaller size is still inevitable. This work reports the synthesis of nano MOF particles (i.e., MIL-100(Fe), HKUST-1(Cu), Cu-TPA, and MOF-5(Zn)). In the experiment, MOFs were created by interacting ligands and metal ions in the specific solvent in the solvothermal process. Different from other reports, this study used low concentrations of ligands and metal ions, in which this is effective to control ligand-metal ion interaction, reaction, nucleation, and growth of MOF. The successful synthesis was obtained and effective for various MOF particles by changing types of ligands and metal ions. The study also obtained that compatibility and dilution of the ligands and the metal ions in the specific solvent are important parameters. This information will bring new strategies and further developments for the synthesis of MOF materials for wider range of potential applications in separation, catalysis, dye adsorption, and drug carrier uses.

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46

Zhang, Sheng, Wenjiao Mo, Zengqi Zhang, Fei Gao, Lei Wang, Dengwei Hu i Sanping Chen. "Ligand ratio/solvent-influenced syntheses, crystal structures, and magnetic properties of polydentate Schiff base ligand-Dy(iii) compounds with β-diketonate ligands as co-ligands". Dalton Transactions 48, nr 33 (2019): 12466–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9dt02618e.

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47

Sobola, Abdullahi, Gareth Watkins i Brecht van. "Synthesis, characterization and biological study of Cu(II) complexes of aminopyridine and (aminomethyl)pyridine Schiff bases". Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 83, nr 7-8 (2018): 809–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc170913002s.

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The synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity determination of some aminopyridine- and (aminomethyl)pyridine?salicylaldimine copper(II) complexes were realized. The ligands, L1?L6, were prepared by condensing salicylaldehyde and o-vanillin with 2- and 3-amino- and (aminomethyl)pyridine, respectively. The complexes were characterized by micro-analytical, electronic, infrared and conductivity data. The structures of the Schiff base ligands were further confirmed from 1H- and 13C-NMR spectral data. This study established that salicylaldimine ligands could coordinate as neutral species via the imine-N and the undeprotonated phenolic-O. The complexes have the molecular formula: [CuLCl], [Cu(LH)2Cl2]?xH2O or [Cu(LH)Cl(H2O)]Cl. The X-ray crystal structure of [CuL6Cl] indicated a square planar geometry with the Schiff base ligand coordinated to the Cu(II) ion as a tridentate monobasic, N2O, ligand. The crystals crystallized in a monoclinic system with P21/c space group. All the ligands and their Cu(II) complexes were screened for their antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus ATCC? 6538?*, Bacillus subtillis subsp. spizizenii ATCC? 6633?*, Escherichia coli ATCC? 8739?* and Candida albicans ATCC? 2091?* using agar diffusion and broth dilution techniques. The presence of the methoxyl group enhanced the antimicrobial activity of the salicylaldimine Schiff base ligands.

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48

Lan, Wenlong, Zhen Zhou, Fu-Chao Jia, Xiaoyun Hao, Yong Dou, Lu Yang, Hui Liu, Qingyun Liu i Daopeng Zhang. "A new three-dimensional cobalt(II) coordination polymer based on V-shaped 3,4′-oxydibenzoate: synthesis, crystal structure and magnetic properties". Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 75, nr 7 (25.06.2019): 990–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229619008337.

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A new coordination polymer (CP), namely poly[(μ-4,4′-bipyridine)(μ3-3,4′-oxydibenzoato)cobalt(II)], [Co(C14H8O5)(C10H8N2)] n or [Co(3,4′-obb)(4,4′-bipy)] n (1), was prepared by the self-assembly of Co(NO3)2·6H2O with the rarely used 3,4′-oxydibenzoic acid (3,4′-obbH2) ligand and 4,4′-bipyridine (4,4′-bipy) under solvothermal conditions, and has been structurally characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray crystallography and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that each CoII ion is six-coordinated by four O atoms from three 3,4′-obb2− ligands, of which two function as monodentate ligands and the other as a bidentate ligand, and by two N atoms from bridging 4,4′-bipy ligands, thereby forming a distorted octahedral CoN2O4 coordination geometry. Adjacent crystallographically equivalent CoII ions are bridged by the O atoms of 3,4′-obb2− ligands, affording an eight-membered Co2O4C2 ring which is further extended into a two-dimensional [Co(3,4′-obb)] n sheet along the ab plane via 3,4′-obb2− functioning as a bidentate bridging ligand. The planes are interlinked into a three-dimensional [Co(3,4′-obb)(4,4′-bipy)] n network by 4,4′-bipy ligands acting as pillars along the c axis. Magnetic investigations on CP 1 disclose an antiferromagnetic coupling within the dimeric Co2 unit and a metamagnetic behaviour at low temperature resulting from intermolecular π–π interactions between the parallel 4,4′-bipy ligands.

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49

Llorente, Nuria, Héctor Fernández-Pérez, José L. Núñez-Rico, Lucas Carreras, Alicia Martínez-Carrión, Ester Iniesta, Andrés Romero-Navarro, Alba Martínez-Bascuñana i Anton Vidal-Ferran. "Efficient modular phosphorus-containing ligands for stereoselective catalysis". Pure and Applied Chemistry 91, nr 1 (28.01.2019): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0805.

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Abstract Over several years, our research team has contributed to ligand design for metal-catalyzed stereoselective transformations. This has been achieved with the synthesis and application to organic transformations of interest of an array of structurally diverse P-containing ligands. These range from highly modular enantiopure phosphine–phosphite ligands to supramolecularly regulated enantioselective phosphorus-based catalysts. Our research in supramolecular interactions has also led to the discovery of an unprecedented halogen-bonded rhodium-catalyst.

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50

Harding, Phimphaka, David J. Harding, Nitisastr Soponrat, Kittiya Tinpun, Sirirat Samuadnuan i Harry Adams. "Synthesis and Electrochemical Studies of Nickel β-Diketonate Complexes Incorporating Asymmetric Diimine Ligands". Australian Journal of Chemistry 63, nr 1 (2010): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch09232.

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The reaction of ppaX {(4-X-phenyl)-pyridin-2-ylmethylene-amine; X = H, Me, Et, OMe, F, Cl, Br, and I} with [Ni(β-diketonate)2(H2O)2] {β-diketonate = 1,3-diphenylpropanedionate (dbm), 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptadionate (tmhd), or hexafluoroacetylacetonate (hfac)} yields a series of nickel complexes. X-ray crystallography reveals octahedral coordinated nickel centres with a cis arrangement of the β-diketonate ligands. The β-diketonate ligands adopt ‘planar’ or ‘bent’ coordination modes, whereas the aryl ring of the ppaX ligand is twisted with respect to the pyridylimine unit. The electrochemical behaviour of the complexes reveals quasi-reversible or irreversible one-electron oxidation to Ni(iii) in the case of the [Ni(tmhd)2(ppaX)] and [Ni(dbm)2(ppaX)] complexes, respectively. The peak potential for oxidation is dependent on the type of β-diketonate ligand but essentially independent of the substituent, X, on the ppaX ligand. The [Ni(β-diketonate)2(ppaX)] complexes (X = F, Cl, Br, and I) also undergo ligand based reduction.

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